第一篇：合同翻译和质量标准翻译必须掌握的标准词汇
我们在合同翻译和质量标准翻译过程中，经常碰到一些正式的标准用语，比如国家标准，某局发布等词汇，像这样的词汇翻译在国际上是有标准的，南京弘腾翻译公司通过翻译经历，整理出了这些词汇的国际标准翻译，供大家学习分享。
3.1 封面 封面用语的英文表述
3.1.1 中华人民共和国国家标准
National Standard of the People’s Republic of China
3.1.2 国家质量技术监督局发布
Issued by China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision
3.1.3 国家技术监督局发布
Issued by China State Bureau of Technical Supervision
3.1.4 国家标准局发布
Issued by China State Bureau of Standards
3.1.5 发布日期
Issue date
3.1.6 实施日期
Implementation date
3.1.7 等同采用
IDT
3.1.8 修改(等效)采用
MOD
3.1.9 非等效采用
NEQ3.2 目次 目次用语的英文表述
3.2.1 目次
contents
3.2.2 附录
annex
3.2.3 参考文献
bibliography
3.2.4 索引
index(es)
3.2.5 图
figure(s)
3.2.6 表
table(s)
3.3 前言 前言部分用语的英文表述
3.3.1 前言
Foreword
3.3.2 本国家标准等同采用IEC(ISO)××××标准:
This national standard is identical to IEC(ISO)××××
3.3.3 本国家标准修改(等效)采用IEC(ISO)××××标准:
This national standard is modified in relation to IEC(ISO)××××
3.3.4 本国家标准非等效采用IEC(ISO)××××标准:
This national standard is not equivalent to IEC(ISO)××××
3.3.5 本国家标准附录××××是标准的附录(补充件)
Annex ××××/Annexes ×××× of this national standard is/are normative
3.3.6 本国家标准附录××××是提示的附录(参考件)
Annex ××××/annexes ×××× of this national standard is/are informative
3.3.7 本国家标准对先前版本技术内容作了下述重要修改
There have been some significant changes in this nationals standard over its previous edition in the following technical aspects
3.3.8 本国家标准与所采用国际标准的主要技术差异
The main technical differences between the national standard and the international standard adopted
3.3.9 本国家标准从实施日期起代替××××
This national standard will replace ×××× from the implementation date of this standard
3.3.10 本国家标准由××××提出
This national standard was proposed by ××××
3.3.11 本国家标准由××××归口
This national standard is under the jurisdiction of ××××
3.3.12 本国家标准由××××起草 This national standard was drafted by ××××
3.4 引言
3.4.1 引言 introduction
3.5 范围 范围部分用语的英文表述:
3.5.1 主题和范围 subject and the aspect(s)covered
3.5.2 本国家标准规定……的尺寸
This national standard specifies the dimensions of ……
3.5.3 本国家标准规定……的方法
This national standard specifies a method of ……
3.5.4 本国家标准规定……的性能
This national standard specifies the characteristics of ……
3.5.5 本国家标准规定……的系统
This national standard establishes a system for ……
3.5.6 本国家标准规定……的基本原理
This national standard establishes general principles for
3.5.7 本国家标准适用于……
This national standard is applicable to ……
3.6 引用标准 引语的英文表述(根据中文文本从a, b中选取):
a.下列标准中所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard.At time of publication, the editions indicated were valid.All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below.b.下述标准文件包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成本标准的条文。若引用的标
准文件标有日期，则在此日期以后对此引用标准文件的增补和修订均不适用于本标准。若引用的文件不标日期，则本标准应采用该引用标准文件的最新版本。
The following normative documents contain provision which, through reference in this text, consitute provisions of this national standard.For dated reference, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply.For undated references, the lastest edition of the normative document referred to applies.3.7 术语和定义 这部份内容应用下列规范用语引出: 以下及××××给出的术语和定义适用于本标准
For the purposes of this national standard, the terms and definitions given in ×××× and the following apply.
第二篇：合同翻译词汇
瑕疵 defect，救济 remedy，不可抗力 force majeure/Act of God，管辖 jurisdiction，损毁 damage，灭失 loss，损害赔偿 indemnities，不用“compensation”，服务赔偿 credit（对于不能达到合同约定服务等级时对服务费用的赔偿），其他事项 miscellaneous，不用“other matters/events”。
“因为”的短语多用“by virtue of”，远远多于“due to”一般不用“because of”；
“财务末”一般用“at the close of the fiscal year”，而不用“in the end of the fiscal year”； “在……之前”一般用“prior to”，而不用“before”；
“关于”常用“as regards”, “concerning”或“relating to”，而不会用“about”；
“事实上”用“in effect”，而不用“in fact”；
“开始”用“commencement”，而不用“start”或“begin”；
“停止做”用“cease to do”，而不用“stop to do”；
“理解合同”用“construe a contract” 或“comprehend a contract”，而不用“understand a contract”； “认为”用“deem”,用“consider”少，不用“think”或“believe”；
“愿意做”用“intend to do”或“desire to do”,而不用“want to do”, “wish to do”；
“依照合同相关规定”一般说“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein”等，不说“according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”；
“合同任何一方当事人不得转让本合同”英文表述为“Neither party hereto may assign this contract”，其中“hereto”表示“to the contract”，选用“Neither party to the contract”较少。
第三篇：合同翻译常用词汇
合同翻译常用句型和词汇
This contract is made in two originals 此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正that should be held by each party.本。
What is left unmentioned in contract may 本合同未尽事宜，可由双方增补作be added there as an appendix.为合同附件。
The Contract is written in quadruplicate 本合同一式四份（正副本各两份）(two for original and copy respectively)自签署后生效 which shall become valid on the date of
signature.This Contract is executed in two 本合同为中英文两种文本，两种文counterparts each in Chinese and English, 本具有同等效力。本合同一式两each of which shall be deemed equally 份。自双方签字（盖章）之日起生authentic.This contract is in 2 copies 效。effective since being signed/sealed by
both parties.This contract is made by and between the 本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合buyers and sellers，whereby the buyers 同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell 出售以下产品。the under-mentioned commodities
according to the terms and conditions
stipulated below.买方 buyer
卖方 seller
项目名称 Project name
地址 address
电话 phone
传真 fax
联系人 contact person
1.详细货物清单 Detail supply list
2.合同价格 Contract value
序号 item 型号 model 尺寸 size，dimension 数量 amount，unit 单价 unit price 总价 total price 备注 remark 货物，运费 freight，transportation 合同总额（含安装费与税金）Contract amount incl.VAT & installation
3.付款条件 payment conditions，payment terms
4.交货地点 delivery place
5.发货期 delivery time
6.安装条款 installation clause
7.验收条款 inspection clause
8.保证条款 guarantee clause
9.不可抗拒条款 Force Majeure Clause
10.违约条款 Breach clause
11.其他条款 Miscellaneous clause
12.买卖双方信息 buyer and seller information
a long-term contract 长期合同
a short-term contract 短期合同
completion of contract 完成合同
contract for future delivery 期货合同
contract for goods 订货合同
contract for purchase 采购合同
contract for service 劳务合同
labor contract劳动合同
contract note 买卖合同（证书）
contract of arbitration 仲裁合同
contract of carriage /Carriage Contract运输合同
Passenger Carriage Contract 客运合同
Cargo Carriage Contract货运合同
Technology Contract技术合同
Technology Development Contract技术开发合同
Technology Transfer Contract技术转让合同
Technical Consulting Contract技术咨询合同
Technical Service Contract技术服务合同
Safekeeping Contract 保管合同
Warehousing Contract仓储合同
Agency Appointment Contract 委托合同
Trading-Trust Contract 行纪合同
Brokerage Contract 居间合同
Multi-modal Carriage Contract多式联运合同
contract of employment 雇佣合同
contract of insurance 保险合同
contract of sale 销售合同
Sales Contract 买卖合同
Contract for Supply of Power, Water, Gas , Or Heat
同
Gift Contract 赠与合同
Contract for Loan of Money 借款合同
Leasing Contract租赁合同
Financial Leasing Contract 融资租赁合同 供电、水、气、热合Contracts of Hired Work 承揽合同
Contracts for Construction Project 建设工程合同
contract life 合同有效期
a nice fat contract 一个很有利的合同
a written contract 书面合同
an executor contract 尚待执行的合同
breach of contract 违反合同
cancellation of contract 撤消合同
contract parties 合同当事人
contract period(or contract term)合同期限
contract price 合约价格
contract provisions/stipulations 合同规定
contract sales 订约销售
contract terms(or contract clause)合同条款
contract wages 合同工资
contract 合同，订立合同
contractor 订约人，承包人
contractual claim 根据合同的债权
contractual damages 合同引起的损害
contractual dispute 合同上的争议
contractual guarantee 合同规定的担保
contractual income 合同收入
contractual liability/obligation 合同规定的义务
contractual practice/usage 合同惯例
contractual specifications 合同规定
contractual terms & conditions 合同条款和条件
contractual 合同的，契约的contractual-joint-venture 合作经营，契约式联合经营
copies of the contract 合同副本
originals of the contract 合同正本
execution of contract/performance of contract履行合同
expiration of contract 合同期满
interpretation of contract 解释合同
renewal of contract 合同的续订
此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party.What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix.本合同未尽事宜，可由双方增补作为合同附件。
The Contract is written in quadruplicate(two for original and copy respectively)which shall become valid on the date of signature.本合同一式四份（正副本各两份）自签署后生效
第四篇：工程合同翻译常用词汇
工程合同翻译常用词汇
price breakdown:价格细目表
advance payment guarantee letter:预付款保证书
performance bond:履约保函
warranty bond:保固保证
letter of credit:信用证
insurance certificate：保险证明书, 保险凭证
copys:副本
model text:样本，模板
PAC(Provisional Acceptance Certification)：临时验收
CommercialOperation：商行运行
legaltranz.com 法律英语
force majeure：不可抗力
Liquidated Damages：违约赔偿金
Liquidated Damages for Delay：延期违约赔偿
劳动合同翻译
Labor law劳动法
labor relation 劳动关系
social insurance protection and welfare社会保险和福利
labor discipline 劳动纪律
professional ethics职业道德.trade unions 工会
collective contract集体合同
the conclusion and revision of labor contract订立和变更劳动合同 invalid labor contracts 无效劳动合同
term of the labor contract劳动合同期限
remuneration劳动报酬
terminate the labor contract终止劳动合同
responsibilities for violating.the labor contract.违反劳动合同的责任 trial execution /the period of trial use试用期
contractual labor relationship劳动合同关系
dissolve a labor contract解除劳动合同
economic compensation经济补偿
occupational diseases 职业病
job injuries工伤
extend the working hours 延长工作时间
statutory holidays法定假日
minimum wage 最低工资
maternity leave产假
vocational training 职业培训
the social insurance社会保险
labor disputes劳动争议
legitimate rights and interests 法定权益
legaltranz.com 劳动法律翻译
the labor disputes arbitration 劳动争议仲裁 Annual bonus：年终分红
Business secrets 商业秘密
Benefit： 福利
Collective bargaining：集体谈判
Compensation Liability:赔偿责任
Compensatory time off 补假
Confidential clauses:保密条款
Day-to-day collective bargaining：日常集体谈判 Defined benefit：固定福利
Discipline：纪律
Dismissal：解雇；开除
Downsizing：精简、裁员
Disabled person: 残疾人
Employee stock ownership plan ：雇员持股计划 Economic compensations经济补偿
Exit interviews：离职面谈
Flexible benefits programs：弹性福利计划
Individual retirement account ：个人退休账户 Independent Contractors：合同工
Joint Liability:连带责任
Job Satisfaction：工作满意度
Labor protection benefit:劳动保障待遇
On-the-job training(OJT)：在职培训
Pay grade：工资等级
Pension benefits：退休金福利
Pension plans：退休金计划
Performance Appraisal:工作绩效评价
Pregnancy discrimination：怀孕歧视
Retirement benefits：退休福利
Retirement counseling：退休前咨询
Special awards：特殊奖励
Standard hour plan：标准工时工资
Supplemental unemployment benefits：补充失业福利 Severance pay：离职金
Sick leave：病假
Termination：解雇；终止
Termination at will：随意终止 Training expenses:培训费用 Temporary worker:临时工
Unemployment insurance：失业保险 Union： 工会
Unit Labor Cost：单位劳动成本 Variable compensation：可变报酬 Voluntary time off：自愿减少时间法律英语翻译 Work samples：工作样本 Worker’s benefits：雇员福利
Worker’s compensation：工伤补偿
第五篇：翻译词汇
“两会”指全国人民代表大会(the National People's Congress)和中国人民政治协商会议(the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference)。有人把“两会”译为 the two meetings, over 23,000 proposals.和谐社会：a harmonious society
建设新型国家：construct an innovative country 循环经济：circular economy 在中国人看来这样译没有问题；但在对外报道和宣传中最好说清楚。一起来学习有关两会的英语吧！两会：the two sessions 人大：NPC（National People's Congress）政协：CPPCC（Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference）
全国政协十一届四次会议：the Forth Session of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)全国政协委员：CPPCC National Committee members 政府工作报告：government work report 反分裂法：the Anti-Secession Law 民众最关心之事：the public top concerns住房问题：housing issues 对环境保护的认识：awareness for environmental protection 贫富差距：rich-poor gap 国务院：the State Council 房地产市场：the real estate market 第一次有农民工代表：have migrant workers' deputies for the first time 医疗和社会安全：medical care and social security 两会报道：the coverage of the two sessions 非党内人士：non-Communists 留守孩子：children left behind 记者招待会：press conference 中国最高立法机关，全国人大：China's top legislature, NPC 经济议题：economic issues 外国记者：overseas reporters;foreign journalists 旁听两会：audit the two sessions 深化政治改革：deepen political reforms 国家经济和社会发展的十一五计划：the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development 建设社会主义新农村：building a new socialist countryside 政协递交了两万三千个提案：The CPPCC handled
从紧的货币政策：tight monetary policy 消费价格：consumer price 价格上涨：price hike 通货膨胀：inflation
经济过热：overheated economy 最低工资制度：minimum wage system
居民消费价格指数：consumer price index(CPI)反腐败：fight(against)corruption
科学发展观：Scientific Outlook on Development 坚持以人为本，树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观。Put people first and aim at comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development.提高文化软实力：enhance soft power of Chinese culture
综合国力：overall national strength 养老保险 pension insurance system 反腐倡廉 anti-corruption bid
依法拆迁 lawful housing demolition and relocation
调控房价 housing prices control
贫富差距 gap between the rich and the poor(wealth gap)就业问题 employment 医疗改革 medical reform
下岗再就业 Re-employment after being laid off 登记失业率 registered unemployment rate 分组讨论 panel discussion 城乡差距 rural-urban divide
基本医疗保险 basic medical insurance 中小型企业 SMEs
教育公平Equal Access to Education 司法公正 judicial justice 民主监督 democratic supervision 教育公平equal access to education opening speech 开幕式致辞
small-and medium-sized enterprises 中小型企业crops' minimum purchase prices粮食最低收购价
per-capita income人均收入
window guidance窗口指导(监管机构利用其在金融体系中特殊的地位和影响，引导金融机构主动采取
措施防范风险，进而实现监管目标的监管行为。)propel/expand domestic deman扩大内需 proactive fiscal policy积极的财政政策 moderately easy monetary policy适度宽松的货币政策
rural-urban development divide 城乡差距 government work report政府工作报告 dairy product standards乳制品标准
scattered production model分散生产模式(Such a scattered production model is the fundamental 规划
Innovation-oriented Society 创新型社会 Scientific Concept of Development 科学发展观 Township Health Service 城乡医疗服务 Rural Compulsory Education 农村义务教育 Building New Socialist Countryside 建设社会主义新农村
Cross-straits peace and stability 两岸和平与稳定
Increase the flexibility of the RMB exchange reason that there have been so many food safety incidents.这种分散生产模式是诸多食品安全问题的根源。)administrative transparency政务透明 bridging loan过渡性贷款(Bridging, or a bridging loan, is short-term financing made available pending arrangement of intermediate or long-term financing.过渡性贷款是一种在中期或长期融资安排确定前的短期融资)comfortable Housing Project安居工程 careers guidance就业指导
three Direct Links“大三通”(通邮、通航、通商)healthcare reform.package医改方案 basic medicine system基本医疗体制
home appliances going to the countryside家电下乡
equal Access to Education教育公平
golden September and silver October金九银十 rural left-behind population 农村留守人口 issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area三农问题
three insurances and one fund “三险一金”(养老保险、失业保险、医疗保险和住房公积金)administrative accountability行政问责制(是指一级政府对现任该级政府负责人、该级政府所属各工作部门和下级政府主要负责人在所管辖的部门和工作范围内由于故意或者过失，不履行或者正确履行法定职责，以致影响行政秩序和行政效率，贻误行政工作，或者损害行政管理相对人的合法权益，给行政机关造成不良影响和后果的行为，进行内部监督和责任追究的制度)。defense budget 国防预算
National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会 Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议
11th Five-year Development Program 十一五发展
rate 增加人民币汇率的灵活性
President of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国主席
Central Military Commission 中央军事委员会 Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院
Supreme People's Procuratorate 最高人民检察院 Presidium 主席团
Standing Committee 常务委员会 General Office 办公厅 Secretariat 秘书处
Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 内务司法委员会
Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 华侨委员会 Commission of Legislative Affairs 法制工作委员会
Committee for Revision of the Constitution 宪法修改委员会
Credentials Committee 代表资格审查委员会 Motions Examination Committee 提案审查委员会 Ethnic Affairs Committee 民族委员会 Law Committee 法律委员会
Finance and Economy Committee 财政经济委员会 Foreign Affairs Committee 外事委员会 Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions 特定问题调查委员会
Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 教育、科学、文化和卫生委员会 disaster relief赈灾
defense expenditure国防开支
safeguarding our sovereignty and territory保卫主权和领土完整
top legislative body最高立法机关 social welfare system 社会福利制度 minimum living standard最低生活标准 the imbalance between urban and rural areas城乡发展不平衡
farmer-turned-entrepreneur 农民企业家 basic medical insurance 基本医疗保
window guidance 窗口指导（监管机构利用其在金融体系中特殊的地位和影响，引导金融机构主动采取措施防范风险，进而实现监管目标的监管行为。）(the)medical cost social pool for major diseases 大病医疗费用社会统筹 mergers and acquisitions 并购 mobile-phone banking 移动电话银行业 moods 人气 net potato 网虫 equal Access to Education 教育公平disaster relief 赈灾
defense expenditure 国防开支
safeguarding our sovereignty and territory 保卫主权和领土完整
top legislative body 最高立法机关 social welfare system 社会福利制度 minimum living standard 最低生活标准 the imbalance between urban and rural areas 城乡发展不平衡
state-run/owned company/enterprise 国有企业acquiring company 收购公司 bad loan 呆帐
chart of cash flow 现金流量表
clearly-established ownership 产权清晰 debt to equity 债转股
diversity of equities 股权多元化 economy of scale 规模经济 emerging economies 新兴经济 exchange-rate regime 汇率机制 fund and financing 筹资融资
global financial architecture 全球金融体系 global integration, globality 全球一体化，全球化
go public 上市
growth spurt（经济的）急剧增长 have one's 'two commas' 百万富翁 housing mortgage 住房按揭 holdings 控股，所持股份 holding company 控股公司 initial offerings 原始股
initial public offerings 首次公募 innovative business 创新企业 intellectual capital 智力资本 inter-bank lending 拆借 internet customer 网上客户
investment payoff period 投资回收期 joint-stock 参股
mall rat 爱逛商店的年轻人 means of production 生产要素
non-store seling 直销 offering 新股
online-banking 网上银行业 online-finance 在线金融
online client（银行的）网上客户 paper profit 帐面收益 physical assets 有形资产
project fund system 项目资本金制度 pyramid sale 传销 recapitalize 资产重组
regional corrency blocks 地区货币集团 regulate 调控 sell off 变现
share(stock)option 期权，股票认购权 smart card 智能卡 slash prices 杀价
spare capacity 闲置的生产能力 strong growth 强劲的增长势头 switch trade 转手贸易 take„public 上市
tap the idle assets 盘活存量资产 transaction（银行的）交易
transfer payment from the exchequer 财政转移支付
venture-capital 风险资本 virtual bank 虚拟银行 wire transfer 电子转帐
神舟七号 Shenzhou VII(spacecraft)
载人飞船 manned spaceship/ spacecraft
载人航天 manned space flight
多人多天太空飞行 multi-manned and multi-day space flight
载人航天计划 manned space program
航天飞机
space shuttle
无人飞船
unmanned spaceship / spacecraft
试验太空船 Experimental Spacecraft
多级火箭
multistage rocket
太空舱 capsule
返回式卫星 recoverable satellite
通信卫星
communication satellite
遥感卫星
remote sensing satellite
运载火箭
carrier rocket;rocket launcher
长征二号F运载火箭 Long March II F carrier
主着陆场 main landing field/ primary landing site
access flap 接口盖
antenna 天线
Apollo 阿波罗号宇宙飞船
artificial satellite 人造卫星 rocket
有效载荷能力
payload capability
近地轨道
low Earth orbit
调整轨道 fine-tune orbit
绕地球飞行 orbit the earth
气象卫星 weather satellite / meteorological satellite
太阳同步轨道卫星 satellite in Sun-synchronous orbit
同步轨道卫星 geosynchronous satellite
轨道舱
orbital module
返回舱
re-entry module
推进舱
propelling module
指令舱
command module
服务舱
service module
登月舱
lunar module
发射台
launch pad
紧急供氧装置
emergency oxygen apparatus
空间物理探测
space physics exploration
国际空间站 International Space Station
太阳能电池板solar panel
太空升降舱 space elevator
哈勃太空望远镜 Hubble Space Telescope
月球车
lunar rover
外太空
outer space;deep space
银河系
Milky Way
阿波罗号宇宙飞船
Apollo
中国空间技术研究院 CAST(the Chinese Academy of
Space Technology)
中国航天局 CNSA(China National Space Administration)
美国航空航天管理局 NASA(The National Aeronautics and
Space Administration)
太空服 space outfits(space suits)
太空食物 space food
着陆区 landing area
ascent stage 上升段
astronaut 航天员
capsule 太空舱 十七大报告词汇选登
中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会10月15日上午在人民大会堂开幕。胡锦涛主席在会上提出，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗。
以下为胡锦涛主席报告中的词汇选登，供读者学习参考。
高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜 to hold high the “great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics”
建设中国特色社会主义 to build socialism with Chinese characteristics 改革开放 reform and opening-up 全面建设小康社会to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects 和谐社会 harmonious society
解放思想、实事求是emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts
勇于变革、勇于创新to make bold changes and innovations
永不僵化、永不停滞to stay away from rigidity or stagnation
不为任何风险所惧to fear no risks
不被任何干扰所惑never be confused by any interference
科学发展观 Scientific Outlook on Development 正确处理改革发展和稳定的关系to balance reform, development and stability
高度集中的计划经济highly centralized planned economy
充满活力的社会主义市场经济robust socialist market economy
封闭或半封闭的国家closed or semi-closed state 改革开放符合党心民心、顺应时代潮流。Reform and
opening-up accord with the aspirations of the Party membership and the people and keep up with the trend of the times.改革开放方向和道路是完全正确的，成效和功绩不容否定，停顿和倒退没有出路。
The path of reforms and opening-up are entirely correct, and their merits and achievements can never be negated.To stop or reverse reforms and land use certificate 土地使用证
commercial/residential complex 商住综合楼 land use fee 土地使用费（获得土地使用权后，每年支付国家的使用土地费用）
Grant Contract of Land Use Right 土地使用权出让合同
plot ratio 容积率 site coverage 建筑密度 land use term 土地使用期 opening-up would only lead to a blind alley.以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导 to follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the thought of Three Represents 新时期最突出的标志是与时俱进。Keeping up with the times is the most prominent hallmark in the new period 经济实力大幅提升。Economic strength increased substantially.改革开放取得重大突破。Major breakthroughs were made in reform and opening-up.人民生活显著改善。People's living standards improved significantly.社会建设全面展开 Social development proceeded in an all-round way.全方位外交 all-directional diplomacy 党的建设 Party building 房地产词汇
property 物业，资产 interest 产权
subsidiary 附属机构，子公司 valuation 评估
open market [size=+0]value 公开市场价值 leaseback 售后回租（即租回已出售的财产）on a residual basis 剩余法 capital [size=+0]value 资本价值
cost of development 开发费（指拆迁费，七通一平费等）
professional fee 专业人员费（指勘察设计费等）finance costs 融资成本（指利息等）sale proceeds 销售收益
on the basis of capitalisation 资本还原法 floor area 建筑面积
title [size=+0]document 契约文书 plaza 购物中心
project approval 项目许可 planning approval 规划许可 commission 佣金 permit 许可证
business license 营业执照 strata-title 分层所有权 public utilities 公共设施 urban planning 城市规划 state-owned land 国有土地 fiscal allotment 财政拨款 grant or transfer 出让或转让
the Municipal Land Administration Bureau 市土地管理局
infrastructure 基础设施 financial budget 财政预算 public bidding 公开招标 auction 拍卖
negotiation /agreement协议 land efficiency 土地效益
location classification 地段等级 projecting parameter 规划参数 government assignment 政府划拨
administrative institution 行政事业单位 key zones for development 重点开发区 tract 大片土地
biding [size=+0]document 标书 prerequisitioned land 预征土地 competent authorities 主管部门 construction project 建设项目
planning permit of construction engineering 建设工程规划许可证
go through the formalities 办手续 comprehensive sub-areas 综合分区 reconstruction of old area 旧区改造 purchasing power 购买力 property trust 物业信托 equity 权益
cash flows 现金流量 appreciation 增值 disposition 处置 hedge 保值措施
income tax shelter 收入税的庇护 downturn（经济）衰退
wealth maximisation 最大限度的增加财产(同其他投资相比)forecast 预测
rules-of-thumb techniques 经验法 mortgage lender 抵押放贷者 vacancy 空房
discounted cash flow models 折现值现金流量模型
expectation 期望值 letting 出租
equity reversion 权益回收 bad debts 坏帐
depreciation allowances 折旧费 supplies 日常用品 utilities 公共事业设备
allowances for repairs and maintenance 维修费 unpaid mortgage balance 抵押贷款欠额 stamp duty印花税 recession 衰退
overproduction 生产过剩 glut 供过于求
high-technology 高科技 investment strategy投资策略 circulation 发行量
entrepreneur 倡导者，企业家 coliseum 大体育场，大剧院
chambers（商业资本家联合组织的）会所 arena 室内运动场
socioeconomic status 社会经济地位 amenities 便利设施
condominium 个人占有公寓房，一套公寓房的个人所有权
income bracket 收入档次 tenement 分租合住的经济公寓 area code（电话）地区代码 community 社区 assessment 估价 downzone 降低区划规模 housing residences住宅
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