第一篇:中考考点专题归纳11--现在完成时时与过去完成时
中考考点专题归纳—现在完成时与过去完成时用法
一语法:现在完成时
1.结构: 主语+ have /has +p.p
主语+ have /has +been +其它
2.判断词:①for+一段时间、since+时间点、how long 引导的时间状语从句。②already/yet引导的时间状语从句
③ever / never引导的时间状语从句
④just / before引导的时间状语从句
⑤by the time +过去的时间状语/ by the end of+过去的时间状语
⑥次数/ where is xxx(如果有动作用现在进行时,如果无动作用has / have gone to xx
⑦in the last / past + 一段时间。
3.特殊情况:由①中的引导词引导的句子中不能用短暂性动词,出现短暂性动词要改为延续性动词。
常见的转化的词有:die→be deadbuy→haveborrow→keepleave→be away(from)
start→be onjoin→be in+ 组织/ be a member of+ 组织+ 组织
⑷疑问句、否定句的做法
英语的时态中,完成时态是最特殊的一类。他们在变疑问句、否定句时只需将have / has提前构成疑问句,在have / has 后加“not ”构成否定。而其余时态则需要添加助动词。
特殊:一般过去时与现在完成时的区别与联系
相同点:两种时态都发生在过去。
不同点:过去时的动作发生在过去且过去就结束,现在完成时的过去没有结束要持续到现在来完成或进行结束。
二 语法:过去完成时用法
⑴定义:表示在过去的某个动作之前发生的动作。
⑵结构:主语 + had+ p.p
⑶判断词:
1.by the end of / by the time + 过去的某个动作, 主语 + had+ p.p
2.by the end of / by the time + 过去的时间, 主语 + had+ p.p
3.When / before + 一个过去时的句子,主语 + had+ p.p
4.在宾语从句中,当从句的时态是现在完成时而主句的时态是过去时,此时从句的时态最终用过去完成时。
⑷疑问句、否定句的做法
英语的时态中,完成时态是最特殊的一类。他们在变疑问句、否定句时只需将have / has / had 提前构成疑问句,在have / has / had后加“not ”构成否定。而其余时态则需要添加助动词。
第二篇:中考英语--过去完成时练习题及答案
过去完成时
注意:过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”.它是一个相对的时态,只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。
E.g.By the end of the match,they had kicked two goals.We had already had lunch before we arrived there.其结构是“had+过去分词”.它的否定句是在had后边加not,变一般疑问句是把had提前。
E.g.I had reached the station before 9:00 o'clock.I had not reached the station before 9:00 o'clock.Had you reached the station before 9:00 o'clock?
它通常和before,by the end of 等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。
练习一:
一.用动词的适当形式填空
1.We _____________(paint)the house before we ______________(move)in.2.That rich old man _____________(make)a will before he _____________(die).3.They _____________(study)the map of the country before they ________(leave).4.The robbers _____________(run away)before the policemen_______(arrive).5.I __________(turn off)all the lights before I ____________(go)to bed.6.Paul __________(go)out with Jane after he __________(make)a phone call.7.Tom __________(say)he ___________(read)the book twice.8.Our plan ____________(fail)because we _____________(make)a bad mistake.9.When the chairman ______________(finish)speaking, he _____________(leave)the hall.10.The Reads __ ______(have)lunch when I ________________(get)to their house.11.When I ______________(arrive)at the station, he ____________________(leave).12.We _______________(learn)about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13.I waited until he _______________(finish)his homework.14.We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do)15.She ____________(not go)to Qingdao because she ________________(be)there before.16.He ______________(not tell)you the news yet.17.He said he _____________already_________(give)the book to the teacher.18.I ______________(be)to Shanghai before.19.She told me she _________________(be)to Sanya three times.20.She _____________(play)the guitar while her sister_______________(sing).一、单选 When Li Ming hurried home,he found that his mother ____already____to hospital.A has; been sent B had; sent C has; sent D had; been sent 2 We ____five English songs by the end of last term.A had learned B learned C have learned D will have learned 3 Han Mei told me she _____lunch,so she was very hungry.A has had B hasn't have C have had D hadn't had 4 By the end of 1976,many buildings _____built in the city.A have been B have C had been D will 5 She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home.A has left; comes B had left; would come C had left; came D left; had come 6 He said that it was at least ten years since I _____a good drink.A had enjoyed B was enjoying C have enjoyed D have been enjoying 7 The meeting _____when Mr.Wang _____to school.A has begun;get B has been on;get C had begun;got D had been on;got
二、填空
When I returned home,he _____(leave)。
By ten yesterday evening,she ________(finish)writing.3 He ______(study)English for five years before he came here.4 It ____ _____(stop)raining when I wake up this morning.5 I _____(not read)the book because I had read it before.6 She said she____(be)born in 1992.7 When he _____(come)to China two years ago he found people didn't understand him at all though he ________(learn)some Chinese in his own country.8 I saw Han Mei yesterday.We _____(not see)each other since left Beijing.9 When I got to his home,he_____(go)to bed.10 She asked if Mr.Liu _____ already _____(come)back.练习一参考答案: 一.用动词的适当形式填空
1.had painted...moved 2.had made...died 3.had studied…left4.had run away..arrived5.had turned off …went 6.went …had made 7.said …had read 8 failed …had made 9.(had)finished …left 10.were having/had had …got 11.arrived..had left 12..had learned 13.(had)finished 14.had..done 15 didn't go …had been 16.hasn't told 17 had …given 18.have been 19.had been 20.was playing …was singing 二.句型转换
1.I hadn't sold the ticket when she came.2.She hadn't sung a song to us before she danced.3.They didn't begin to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.4.Had you been very hungry by 10:00 a.m?
5.Had Lucy completed the project when I arrived yet? 6.Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport?
7.What had he done when you saw him? 8.What did he do when he had read the note?
9.Why didn't Jack go to the cinema?
10.How long had you/we had the toys before you/we gave them to the child? 11.What had she written by the end of 1960?
12.After we had cooked the dumplings, we ate them up.13.Jim’s father mended the car because it had been broken.14.After we had had our tests, we had a long holiday.15.Before he showed us around the house, he had showed us the picture 练习二 答案:1D 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 C 答案:1 had left 2 had finished 3 had studied 5 didn't read 6 was 7 came had learned 8 hadn't seen 9 had gone 10 had come had stopped
第三篇:一般过去与现在完成1
)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.不受时间限制的Shanghai lies in the east of China.客观存在表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..3)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性、特征。
I don't want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.※4)由连词ifunlessbeforeas soon aswhen oncehowever等引起的时间(条件、让步)状语从句,需要用一般现在时,表示将来时.第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back.第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
现在完成时用法解析
1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。
2.用法
(1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如:
-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes,I have.I've just had it.你(已经)吃午饭了吗? 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)
(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如:He has taught here since 1981
他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)
I have't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。
(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。
如: I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
3.现在完成时的时间状语
(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些
表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和 疑
问句中。如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just,before,up to now,the past few
years等。
例如:I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了。
d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:now,today,this
morning(month,year,term)等。
例如:-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗?我 没有。
How many times have you been there this year?
今年你去过那里多少次?
(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或
状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I haven't seen him for two years.但是,像
come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用,必须改为“be(在)”
等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:
arrive→be herebegin(start)→be on
die→be dead
fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)
get up→be upgo out→be out
finish →be overput on→wear 或be on
open→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of…
close→be closedgo to school→be a student
borrow→keepbuy→have
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know
begin to study→studycome to work→work等
如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
We have studied English for three years.我们(开始)学英语已三年了。
4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动
作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等,而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻
发生,不表示和现在的关系。试比较:
I have lost my new book.我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到)
I lost my new book yesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的,现在找到与否没
说明)
5.几点注意事项
(1)have been(to)与have gone(to)的区别:have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never,several times等连用,后者则不能。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。
(2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。
如:It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for twoyears.他父亲去世已有三年了。
(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和
表示一段时间的状语连用。
如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离
开过这儿。
第四篇:一般过去与现在完成对比练习
三、用适当的时态填空:
1.She’s _____________(live)here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them ________________(be)in Hong Kong for ten days.3.Both of them ____________(come)to Hong Kong ten days ago.4.Half an hour __________(pass)since the train __________(leave).5.Mary________(lose)her pen.________ you _______(see)it here and there?
6._________ you _____(find)your watch yet?
7.---Are you thirsty?---No I _________just _________(have)some orange.8.We----already _________(return)the book.9.________ they _______(build)a new school in the village?
10.I _____________(not finish)my homework.Can you help me?
11.My father _____(read)the novel twice.12.I _________(buy)a book just now.13.I _________(lost)my watch yesterday.14.My father ___________(read)this book since yesterday
三、用适当的时态填空:
1.lived / has been living
2.have been
3.went
4.has passed;left
5.has lost;have , seen
6.Have , found
7.have , had
8.have , returned
9.Have , built
10.haven’t finished
11.has read
12.bought
13.lost
14.have been reading / has read
第五篇:中考考点
九年级历史中考考点
中国古代史(中考试卷中所占比重小只有2--4分)
考点1 祖国境内的远古居民和原始农耕文明(名称,时间,地区)考点2 春秋战国诸子百家思想(孔子、孟子)
考点3 禅让制到世袭制的演变(禹传子,甲天下)
考点4 夏、商、西周三代的更替(开国之君,暴君,牧野之战)
考点5 西周分封制禅让制到世袭制的演变
考点6 青铜文明(司母戊鼎,四羊方尊)
考点7 秦统一六国和秦始皇加强中央集权
(统一的时间,加强中央集权的措施,影响)
考点8 张骞通西域及丝绸之路
考点9汉武帝的大一统(经济、军事、政治措施)
考点10 江南地区的开发(原因)
考点11 北魏孝文帝改革(汉化政策)
考点12 隋唐科举制唐与吐蕃的交往
(对科举制有影响的三位皇帝,文成公主入藏)
考点13 两宋时期经济重心的南移(起止时间,典型代表)
考点14 成吉思汗统一蒙古及忽必烈建立元朝(时间,行省制度及影响)
考点15明、清加强君权清朝维护国家统一(八股取士,文字狱,军机处,清朝维护国家统一的措施:西藏、新疆)
考点16 “闭关锁国”及其影响
中国近代史(中考试卷中有12—16分)
考点1 虎门销烟(时间,意义)
考点2 列强的侵略
(鸦片战争,甲午中日战争,八国联军侵华及重要条约、影响)
考点3 中国人民的抗争
考点4 洋务运动(19世纪60—90年代学技术)
考点5 维新变法(康有为、梁启超学制度)
考点6 孙中山的早期革命活动和辛亥革命(学制度)
考点7 新文化运动(1915年开始)-----------思想运动
考点8 五四爱国运动(1919 年过程,口号,性质,意义)
考点9 中共“一大”的召开(1921 年地点,中心任务,意义)
考点10 黄埔军校与北伐战争(国共两党第一次合作)
考点11 民主革命道路的探索(南昌起义,秋收起义,井冈山革命根据地建立)考点12 红军长征(1934—1936年遵义会议,重要地点,意义)
考点13 九一八事变(1931 年9 月18 日)(影响)
考点14 西安事变(1936 年12 月12 日,又称“双十二事变”,影响)考点15 抗日战争(1937—1945 年,重要战役,性质,影响)
考点16 重庆谈判(1945年8—10月,经过,影响)
考点17 人民解放战争(重要战役:挺进大别山、三大战役、渡江战役,影响)中国现代史(中考试卷中有14—16分)
考点1 新中国的成立(时间,历史意义,《共同纲领》)
考点2 西藏和平解放(时间,意义,重要人物)
考点3 抗美援朝(1950年10月—1953年7月,目的,意义)
考点4 土地改革(时间,重要文件,内容,历史意义)
考点5 “一五”计划(1953—1957 年底,重要成就,意义)
考点6 1954 年颁布第一部《中华人民共和国宪法》(重要地位)
考点7 三大改造(1953—1956 年底,内容,历史意义)
考点8 探索建设社会主义的道路(中共八大,1958年总路线,失误)
考点9 十一届三中全会改革开放(会议的时间、内容、历史意义,改革在农
村和城镇的措施,经济特区,开放格局)
考点10 新中国民主法制历程(1982年宪法,义务教育法………)
考点11 中国特色的社会主义理论的形成在(中共十二大,十三大,十四大,十五大)
考点12 现代史上中国共产党的两次重要的思想解放(关于真理标准问题的讨论,南方讲话)
考点13 “一国两制”及港澳回归 海峡两岸的交往
(一国两制的提出、内容、意义、实践;两会)
考点14 民族团结(名族区域自治制度)
考点15 新中国的外交历程(周恩来的外交成就,中美关系,中日关系)
考点16科技成就 两弹一星籼型杂交水稻“863计划” 计算机网络技术的应用 世界近代史(中考试卷中有13—15分)
考点1 文艺复兴(14—16世纪,代表人物及成就,指导思想,影响)
考点2 新航路的开辟(15—16世纪,目的,性质,人物及地理发现,影响)考点3 英、法、美早期资产阶级革命(时间,性质,典型事件,历史意义 英法美重要文献克伦威尔、华盛顿、拿破仑的主要活动)
考点4 工业革命(18世纪60年代—19世纪上半期,重要成就,影响)考点5 罪恶的“三角贸易”(路线,影响)
考点6 殖民地人民的抗争(印度民族大起义,拉丁美洲的独立运动,以人物为
重点)
考点7 英国宪章运动(1836—1848 年,性质,中心要求)
考点8 马克思主义的诞生(时间,标志)
考点9 巴黎公社(时间,性质,领导人,意义《国际歌》)
考点10 美国南北战争(1861—1865 年,性质,重要文件,历史意义,林肯)考点11 俄国、日本的历史转折(时间,性质,改革内容,历史意义,评价)考点12 第二次工业革命(19世纪70年代开始,重要成就,电气时代)考点13 帝国主义之间矛盾的加剧第一次世界大战(1914—1918年)
考点14 启蒙运动(孟德斯鸠,伏尔泰,卢梭)
考点15近代科学家近代文学近代艺术
(牛顿,阿基米德,列夫托尔斯泰,贝多芬)
世界现代史(中考试卷中有16—20分)
考点1 十月革命(时间,性质,领导人,经过,历史意义)
考点2 新经济政策及斯大林时期的建设和探索(新经济政策的时间、内容、作
用,斯大林在政治经济方面的措施,斯大林模式形成标志及评价)
考点3 凡尔赛—华盛顿体系(两次重要会议,重要条约,对凡尔赛-华盛顿体系的评价)
考点4 1929—1933年资本主义世界经济危机(时间,特点,影响)考点5 罗斯福新政(1933年目的,根本原因,影响)
考点6 法西斯势力的猖獗(德意日法西斯政权建立的背景,时间,专制的表现)考点7 慕尼黑阴谋(含义,顶峰,危害)
考点8 战争的爆发和扩大(根本原因,重要战役,时间)
考点9 世界反法西斯战争的胜利二战的性质、影响(世界反法西斯联盟成立的时间、标志内容、作用,各战场的转折点,二战胜利的原因)考点10 战后主要资本主义国家经济的发展
1.美国、西欧、日本经济发展情况
2.欧洲的联合(欧盟的成立、作用、影响)
考点11 赫鲁晓夫改革苏联的解体东欧剧变(苏联解体的原因、时间、影响,东欧剧变的表现及启示)
考点12 印度的独立(时间,印巴分治,遗留问题)
考点13中东战争与中东问题的复杂性(中东动荡的原因,中东实现和平的阻碍因素)
考点14“冷战”政策(背景,冷战开始的标志、表现,美苏争霸的影响)考点15世界经济的“全球化”(全球化的表现,影响,中国的应对措施)考点16三次科技革命(时间,重要成就,信息时代)