高中英语作文技巧

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第一篇:高中英语作文技巧

关于英语作文,我先问一下,各位考试时候英语作文写什么样字体?回答肯定各种各样的,不过从今天起希望你们能够统一!不知道你们见没见过扫到计算机屏幕上面的英语作文?你们平时自认为很潇洒的字体放大了后是什么样你们自己可以想象一下,什么样的字在电脑上看最舒服,确定一定以及肯定的告诉你们,就是那种各位认为很幼稚的字体!就是刚学英语的孩子写的abcdefg,圆圆的胖胖的,很可爱的那种字体,而且千万要一个字母一个字母的写,不要连在一起!也就是说最好用标准园体。这样说吧,现在高考改卷,是把每一块分类用扫描仪扫描放到电脑里面。比如作文那一块,会被单独扫出来,放在电脑里以后,改卷的人看着投影仪上呈现出被放大了的段落,同时给出心里的分数,按下想给的分数。几个人的分数会根据系统判断,差别不大的话取平均值。差别大了,才会拉评分组组长来看。(依旧是被屏幕放大了的字)。所以,字写得好坏,一旦被放大,差别就不那么大了,最主要的是让改试卷的看得清爽,眼睛不累。同时注意的是,最好不要涂涂改改,不然看起来觉得很不舒服,很麻烦。只要注意卷面清爽,就可以了。

有一点需要大家知道,大家知不知道高考批卷老师是怎样批英语作文的?通读文章,找华丽的句子?找语法应用?挑错误?扣分,分等?打分?估计你们老师是这样告诉你们的。现在我告诉你实际情况!我们中国人相对于西方人有个特点,就是第一印象认定的事情不太愿意改!解释一下,拿到你的作文,批卷老师大概读一下,会在心中确立一个等级,一等是21分到25分,二等是16分到20分,三等是11分到15分......最要命的是,一旦老师心中确立了你的等级,就不愿意再更改了!也就是说,接下来细看你作文写得好坏,一般也只是在相应等级内变动了!换句话说,两篇作文第一篇老师大致看一下第一印象就把它归为一等文,接下来再细一点看,即使你错误稍稍多一些(当然不能多的离谱),他给你打了最低分也有21分。而第二篇作文老是拿到手大致看一眼归为二等文,然后细看,即使写得再怎么精彩一般也不会高于20分了。这没什么奇怪的,这是中国人的性格特点,换我们去批卷子很可能也这样!(我亲自问过一些批卷老师,信不信由你们)所以说,老师的一念之间,作文就会拉开等次!我们就要想尽一切办法给老师留下一等文的第一印象!(也就是一上来就要把老师唬住!)这样,作文的分数,一般只是在相应等级内变动了。

高考时电脑阅卷,斜体字老师看到的特别乱心,我亲自看过的!

: 英文的手写体本来就有点斜

: 我们老师让我们练斜体。我越写越烂能不能速度说方法啊

: 那是因为很多人写出来的斜体字都是l,f,s,w之类的是斜着的,而a,i,o这些字母却是正着写的,写得不好,自然就看起来乱了

: 各个字母饱满的程度不一也是很大的问题

同样,也先告诉大家先敲一个警钟!高考答题时,尽量别出现单词拼写错误,要是比较长的单词拼错了还好说,那种最简单的单词千万不要拼错!如果错了可能就不是扣分的问题,也许后果很严重!举个例子,假如sorry这个单词,对不起的意思,如果你考试时拼错了,写成了sarry,假如老师一下就发现你是单词拼写错误那还好办,对多给你多扣一分,但大家有没有想过,批卷老师批了那么多卷子,身心已经是非常疲惫了,突然一看见sarry这个单词,可能突然会愣住了,因为他不认识这个单词!然后老师仔细回忆这个单词是什么意思,突然他反应过来了,不是这个单词他不认识,而是你根本就拼错了!这时老师很可能会认为自己被耍了!带来的结果很可能就是把你的作文降等!(以上是我自己推断的,没问过批卷老师,不过你们可以设身处地的想一想,有没有这种可能!)所以说,最简单的单词,千万不要拼错!进入正题之前,先教你们几个当时我最喜欢我最喜欢用的装酷小技巧,: 错别字应控制在两个以内,尽量用熟悉的单词和短语

: 我们老师说的前几排千万别写错字 错了 分数很低的: 的确,基本的都错,就别说什么档次了。老师说过

: 改卷时根本不会注意到个别的拼写错误,除非开头就错了很多,一般也不会为个别小错降档的。

进入正题之前,先教你们几个当时我最喜欢我最喜欢用的装酷小技巧,首先就是very这个单词,以后不要再用了,弄哪个那,extraordinary!这个单词高中生会用的不多,不用掌握什么用法,就记住用very的地方都可以替换成这个,绝对比用very拉风!然后那,however这个单词不知道你们掌握得好不好,教大家一个玩赖的技巧,一个句子+逗号+however+另一个句子,这里面however是没有实际意义的,就是表转折,但你可以用这招把两个简单句捏在一块啊!短句子成长句了!第三个,however后面用不用逗号

第三个,就是把很简单的句子,用一点小技巧,改成比较无耻的倒装句!举个例子,我不光唱歌,而且跳舞怎么说?i not

onle sing ,but also dance,改动一下,not only do i sing,but also dance.倒装句!(虽然简单且无耻,但谁敢说这不是倒装句?)此方法最适合倒装句掌握的不好的同学写出来骗批卷老师:大哥(姐)我会倒装句!

让文章与众不同,那些还远远不够!必须先从最简单的地方着手,让自己的文章与众不同,就像我前面说的能用very的地方都换成extraordinary,十个人九个用very而你用extraordinary,那你不就与众不同了吗!再给你们补充一些,重要的怎么说?important?这是土人用的!牛人用什么?牛人用significant!由于怎么说?as a result?土人!牛人用什么?牛人用as a consequence.所以怎么说?so?土人!牛人怎么说?牛人用therefore!(别看therefore这个单词简单,知道用它代替so的同学不多啊!)举个例子,I got up early,therefore i was late.类似的替换的单词很多,比如以后set这个单词不要用了,替换成establish。越来越好怎么说? 土人也许会用better and better,牛人只用一个单词:enhance 造个句子 we need to enhance our English,就等于better and better。好怎么说?土人用good,比他们强一点的人也许会用great

: as a result 不是 因此的意思吗

: I got up early,therefore i was late.“early 不是早的意思吗? 这句话不和逻辑。

: important 也可以用vital来取代~

: 惯性思维是用improve吧?

:有结果的意思啊„„= =因此和结果不是一样吗???= =

好怎么说?土人用good,比他们强一点的人也许会用great,wonderful,但牛人用什么?牛人用gorgeous,更牛的人用fabulous,简单的替换一下,水平立刻显现出不一样了。不想要怎么说?土人会用unwanted,牛人用unsatisfactory。改变怎么说?土人用change,牛人用transform。类似的替换技巧有很多,但由于时间太长了多数都忘了,你们自己也可以总结积累一下,不要做土人,做牛人!

买卖江湖:

作为一个初三党,来看看高考英语作文,本人英语作文也是很差。但是想问问楼主,这样的转换语法上毫无问题吗?是否会造成歧义呢?

牛人专用英语作文技巧贴!英语作文SO EASY.(持续更新中)

高考状元8以上的问题解决了,我们来说一下语法,从句。相信很多同学掌握的不是很好,我教大家一些简单的技巧?首先弄清句子的最主要成分是什么?主语加谓语。不管大家写多复杂的句子,一定记住不管写多复杂的句子,没有谓语动词不叫句子!接下来具体地说语法的技巧:

有一个很简单的从句,叫宾语从句,I think that......没有人不会用吧,不过我奉劝大家尽量别这么用,老师批10张卷子看到了8张里面有I think that不烦吗?如果一定要用宾语从句的话换一种说法:I have a thought that......别看只改动了一点,同位语从句!同样I hear that谁都会用吧,不过同样谁都会用所以我们不要用!厉害一些的人会用:It is reported that......不过真正的牛人用There is a piece of news that 同样的意思,但明显比I hear that要帅!还有一种从句叫定语从句很多人也愿意用,不过我建议大家不要用,因为其实在英语里,定语从句是种挺白痴的句子,没人说的!(你们看美国大片时发现过有人说定语从句吗?)不过如果大家非要用我教大家一个必杀!很少有人知道的!其实定语从句是可以并列排比的!这招凑字数最好使,写出来也挺酷的。

这招凑字数最好使,写出来也挺酷的。举个例子,我喜欢玩篮球,然后篮球有很多种特点,就可以把这些特点用定语从句的形式并列出来:I love basketball,which is......,which is......,which is.......其实在上千年前,我们的老祖宗就会这么用了,大家学过韩愈的师说吧,里面有句话:师者,所以传道授业解惑也。这就是个经典的定语从句,翻译过来就是teacher is a job who传道,who授业and who 解惑。这种定语从句你要是用出来绝对能吓批卷老师一跳!

还有种用法叫后置定语有人感觉挺难吧,其实记住个例子就行了,穿着比基尼的女孩a girl who wears a bikini,变成a girls

wearing a bikini就行了,这就是后置定语,很简单吧

语法的问题不也解决了吗,接下来就教大家一些细节地方上的技巧,首先因为什么怎么说?because 绝大多数人都用这个单词,教大家一个很绝的用法,逗号+for 就可以代替because!举个例子,我总听李孝利的歌,因为我喜欢李孝利:I often hear the songs of 李孝利,for i love her 中间的逗号+for就相当于because,同样,掌握这个用法的同学不多!

: 可以引导原因状语从句:for表现的因果关系不像because那样强烈,它引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,只提供一些辅: He could not have seen me, for I was not there.他不可能见过我,因为我不在那里。俩不完全相同的: 瞎,for和because用法有些不同啊,上次用就被打错了

: a girl in bikini ,for = because ? 从没听说过。俺在美国6年了。

尽管怎么说?土人们although,而牛人用In spite of 举个例子,尽管你是女生你也不能欺负我!In spite of the fact that you are 女生,you can't 欺负 me!

时间状语大家掌握的都不错吧,一看到她妈妈,小女生一下就哭了,用when就是土人!直接写seeing her mother,zhe girl cried

还有首先是first吧,以后大家可以写first and foremost,和first一个意思,但看上去牛X的多,另外,用到这个用法时还可以用到一个简单的插入结构 主语,first and foremost,谓语这就是一个插入结构,我在前面还讲了一个however吧,这个单词放到句子中是没什么意义的,就是为了装酷!同样可以用到这:主语,however,谓语插入结构!

: zhe girl cried the

: 插入结构楼主能不能举个具体的句子例子

: zhe girl cried 是the吧

: 非谓语。新东方的老师说这是重点拉风语法啊

: in pite of,初二就有的东西也会拉风

都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and,但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说:

Ienjormusicandheisfondofplayingguitar.如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式:

Notonlythefurcoatissoft,butitisalsowarm.其它的短语可以用:

besides,furthermore,likewise,moreover

: 其实句子如果可以简短一点出错的几率就小点...像这句”not only the fur......“ 直接写”The fur coat is soft and warm."就行了

:他就是想麻烦,然后老师给高分

:只怕多写多错

都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and,但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说:

Ienjormusicandheisfondofplayingguitar.如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式:

Notonlythefurcoatissoft,butitisalsowarm.其它的短语可以用:

besides,furthermore,likewise,moreover

批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。Thecarwasquiteold,yetitwasinexcellentcondition.写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous,humorous,interesting,smart,gentle,warm-hearted,hospital之类的形象词。再比如:

走出房间,general的词是:walkoutoftheroom

有一个句式说:“„for the simple reason that„”表示某种现象的原因是什么。然而,很多同学一谈到原因仍然是“„because„”如果要表示“总是能够”的概念,很多同学提笔就会写can always,但理想的句子应该是用双重否定表示强烈的肯定,用never fail to。

注意英语中一些表达上的习惯。比如在正式文体的写作中,很少用 “it isn’t”这样的略缩形式,而是 “it is not”。同理,在正式文体中的日期一般不缩写,阿拉伯数字一般会用英文表达(特别长的数字除外)。

许多同学在写作文时,习惯于把 “since” “because” “for”这样的词放在句首引导原因状语从句。事实上,在我们见到的英语报刊杂志文章中,这样的从句一般都是放在主句之后的。另外, “and”也常常被误放在一句话的开头,表示两个句子之间的并列或递进关系。其实,经常留心地道的英语文章能发现,如果是并列关系,完全可以不用连词;如果是递进关系,用 “furthermore” “what is more”更为普遍

According to(根据)„„题目大意„„I believe that(我认为)„„你的观点

2.As far as we know(我们都知道)„„题目大意„„from my point of view(我认为)„„你的观点First(首先)„„second(其次)„„at last(最后)„„

First(首先)„„and then(然后)„„in conclusion(最后,总之)

As far as we know(我们都知道)„„moreover(而且,此外)„„

specially(特 别是)„„inconclusion(最后,总之)表并列:similarly同样的 / in the same way 以同样的方式表转折:however/but 但是

表对比:not that „but that„不是„而是„/ one hand„.on the other hand一方面„另一方面„/ unlike„与„不同/not so much„.as„与其„不如„

表目的:for the„„„.为了„

表因果:therefore因此,所有/ so 所以

表例证:for example

例如

表假设:if 如果

表让步:although„虽然„„(注意:后不可接but!虽然但是不可这样连用)/of course 当然„/clearly„显然„all in all(总的来说)„„

by and large(总的来说)„„ +in my opinion(我认为)„„ no matter how(不管怎样)„„ on the whole(总的来说)

回复299楼!如果基础实在是太烂,原来只得个位数字的分数,有一个好办法最少能得13—14分。你只要做到如下两点:

1、卷面:写好你的每一个单词,先在费纸上打草稿,然后往答题纸上抄,抄的过程要字大(字母写的圆一点,不要斜着)行稀,并且上下对应工整,每行的单词数量固定,就像是在稿纸上那样对应,每一行八九个单词就恰到好处,然后把答题纸上的所有行都写满,最多空一行!(因为老师判卷子不会数单词数量的,老师认为你只要把所有空白地方写满就算单词够了,不然你写的密密麻麻,写的再多也算不够数量)2为了避免语法错误还有不会写单词,全部用简单句,一句话一句话的写,但要注意加几个短语,句中加几个Althouth.举例用for example最后一段开头用In a word总结等等„加几个短语就能提2~3分!以上内容只适合英语作文个位数的同鞋

相关过渡语

1).表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later,first of all, finally, at last„

2).表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side„

3).表示比较、对照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise„

4).表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus„

5).表示递进关系: besides, what’s more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore, in addition, on top of„

6).表示并列关系: and, as well as, also„

7).表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief, to conclude

接下来是替换篇,让一些常用的单词换种酷形式!牛人都必会的,坚决不做土人!

1.occur 替换 think of

Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.→

An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2.devote替换spend

He spends all his spare time in reading.→

He devotes all his spare time to reading.3.seek替换want / look for

They sought(wanted)to hide themselves behind the trees.4.average 替换ordinary

I’m an average(ordinary)student.5.but替换very

The film we saw last night was very interesting.→

The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.6.seat 替换sit

On his way to school, he found an old lady seated(sitting)by the road, looking worried.7.suppose 替换should

He is supposed to(should)have driven more slowly.8.appreciate 替换thank

Thank you very much for you help.→

We appreciate your help very much./ Your help is much appreciated.9.the case替换 true I don’t think it is the case(true).10.on替换as soon as

As soon as he arrived, he began his research.→ On his arrival, he began his research..11.due to替换because of

He arrived late due to(because of)the storm.12.cover替换walk/read

After covering(walking)10 miles, we all felt tired.13.contribute to替换 be helpful/useful

Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study.→

Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.14.round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby

① The summer vacation is round the corner(coming).Do you have any plans?

② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner(nearby).15.come to light替换discover

The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels.→

The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16.have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself

After visiting the workshop, we went back to school.Every one of us had a ball(had a good time).17.come up with替换think of

Jack is very clever.He often comes up with(thinks of)new ideas.18.set aside替换save

Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.(2004天津卷)

19.be of + n.替换adj.The products are of high quality(very good)and are sold everywhere in China.20.refer to 替换talk about/of, mention

The professor you referred to(talked about)is very famous.21.can not but / can not help but替换have to do

I could not but(had to)go home.22.more often than not替换usually

More often than not(Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.23.lest替换so that /in order that

I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it.→

I wrote down his telephone number lest I(should)forget it.24.be long for sth./ be long to do sth.替换want to do sth./wish forI want to see you very much.→

I am long to see you.25.be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in He is caught up in(very interested in)collecting stamps

26.more than替换very

① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September.→

I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help

27.perfect(ly)替换good/ very wellHe speaks perfect(good)English./ He speaks English perfectly(very well).28.do sb a/the favor 替换helpWould you please do me the favor(help me)to turn down the radio?

29.the other day替换a few days agoThe other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.30.in the course of替换duringIn the course of(During)the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.31.the majority of替换most

32.consist of替换be made up ofOur class consists of(is made up of)50 students.33.be worn out替换 be tired / broken

① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out(tired).② My shoes are worn out(broken).Please buy me a new pair.34.become of替换 happenWhat do think has become of(happened to)him ?

35.attend to替换look after36.on condition that替换as long as37.nevertheless替换however

38.express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with

41.be rushed off one’s feet 替换be busy in doing42.a handful of替换a little / some

43.meanwhile替换at the same time44.get to one’s feet替换stand up

45.beneath替换under46.occasionally替换sometimes /once in while

47.for instance替换for example48.seldom替换not often

49.wealthy替换 rich50.amazing替换surprising51.as a matter of fact 替换in fact

第二篇:高中英语作文及技巧

高中英语作文

1.We had a heated discussion about physical exercise(whether we should do exercise every day)yesterday.Some students who are in favor of the idea think we should take exercise every day, such as basketball, but it shouldn’t take up too much time(we shouldn’t spend too much time on it).Exercise can build up one’s body and reduce diseases.let one’s brain have a rest pay attention to their lessons.It’s also possible2.假如你是李华。你的美国笔友即将随其父母来中国,并

在中国度过中秋节。他来信向你询问有关中秋节的习俗,请你告诉他有关中秋节的习俗。

要点如下:

1历史悠久。2 中国人独有的传统节日。3 家庭团圆。共进晚餐。5 吃月饼。6 赏月。

Dear Mike,I’m glad to know that you are coming to China with your parents and spend the Mid-Autumn Day here.The Mid-Autumn Day is a traditional festival with a long history which is celebrated only by Chinese people.It falls on August 15th of the Chinese lunar year, when people of a family get together and enjoy the dinner together.After that they eat mooncakes, which stands for the spirits of the festival-unity.Often ,if the weather permits, they will go out of the

houseto enjoy the bright moonlight, talking about something pleasant.It is one of the most important festivals for Chinese people.I wish you a pleasant journey and I’m sure you

will like our traditional Mid-Autumn Day.Yours,Li Hua

3.The Way to Stay Healthy

Health is most important for any of us.In order to stay healthy, we need some common knowledge.pay attention to the diet.We should eat lots of fruit and vegetables, because they are rich in fiber and Iow in fat.As a proverb says, "An apple a day keeps the doctor away.“So fruit is good for health.Don't have a lot of food that contains too much fat, such as butter.Meanwhile, sweets should be eaten in proper quantity, because too much sugar

does harm to us.Don't drink too much coffee, either.do running every day usually have stronger hearts than who don't.too hard.Over work and little sleep will lead to illness.What's more, stay away fromcigarettes.These are the things we should pay attention to so as to

stay healthy.4假定由你负责接待一个外国旅游团。请你拟定

一篇发言稿向游客介绍南京。要点如下:

1.南京位于中国东南部,是江苏省省会,人口约500万。

2.南京有2400多年历史,曾有10个朝代在此建都。

3.南京很美,有许多名胜,如玄武湖、鸡鸣寺、石头城等,还有许多现代化的工厂和高大的楼房。

Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to our city.I’d like to tell you something about our city.Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province, lies in the southeast of China.It has a population of about 5 million.The city has a history of

more than 2,400 years, and was once the capitals of ten dynasties.It is a very beautiful

city with a lot of places of interest, such as the Xuanwu Lake, the Jiming Temple and the Stone City.It also has many modern factories and high buildings.I’m sure you will have a good time here.Thank you.5.某英文杂志新设“我的家乡”专栏向读者征文,请按下

面提供的要点写一篇100个词左右的短文,介绍你的家乡

过去的情况和现在的变化,向该杂志投稿。短文标题已给

出。

过去:家乡小镇绿树环抱;小河清清鱼儿嬉戏;房屋简陋

街道狭窄;人们劳作生活清贫;

现在:高楼大厦厂店林立;大小车辆驰骋街头;工业发展

环境恶化;树木减少鱼儿消失;治理污染当务之急

I used to live in a beautiful small town with greentrees all around it.The river,running through thetown,had clean water in which fish could be seen swimming in groups.The house, however, were small and simple, and the street wasn’t wide enoughto run cars.People here worked hard all year round yet lived a life of no more than poverty.Now great changes have taken place here.You can see tall buildings, department stores and factories everywhere.Cars and buses are running inbroad streets.But with the development of industry, pollution is becoming more and more serious.A lot of trees are gone, and fish have disappeared because of the dirty water.To our joy, people have been doing their best to stop pollution and make the town even more beautiful.假如你发现同学们遇到重要考试,都会出现头晕、乏力、睡眠和食欲不好等精神紧张的情况。请你用英语写一篇关于如何正确对待考试及如何克服考试紧张情绪的短文。短文内容包括以下要点:

1、平时努力学习,正确对待考试;

2、考试期间适当运动,正常作息;

3、睡前洗个热水澡、喝杯热牛奶有助于快速入睡。

Just Try to Relax During Exams

As you know most of us middle school students feel somehow nervous whenever we are taking an important exam.There is no doubt that exams are important to us students, but it’s very important to have a right attitude towards them.As a matter of fact, exams are no more than a

means of checking.Therefore, there is no need to worry too much about the results.Study hard every day and make good preparations.Only in this way can we avoid suffering from the pressure of exams.We’d better go out for a walk or take some outdoor exercise during an exam.Besides, enough sleep can make us full of energy and make it possible for us to perform well in the exam.A warm bath or a cup of milk before going to bed might help you to have a sound sleep.So, my suggestion is: Don’t worry about it, and just try to relax whatever happens.6.语言集锦

because of因为as a result of 由于……原因thanks to 幸亏,由于due to由于owing to因为,由于therefore因此thus 这样as a result 结果so因此

to conclude据推断in a word总之in brief简而言之to sum up总计,合计

7.高级句型结构

◆ It句型

① It will be + some time + before…

It won’t be long before humans visit the Mars.② It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth.It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.(2008年湖北卷)

③ It is + 被强调部分 + that…

1)It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.2)Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge.◆ more …than any other 表示最高级

Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than

any one else.◆ 名词从句

① It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the

② ◆(非限制性)定语从句

① The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street.It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.→

(NMET 2003)

② It was quite an experience for us both,◆ 分词结构

① I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless ② We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting

③ Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.④ Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.◆ with结构

① A terrible accident happened yesterday,②

◆ 倒装句

① The library is to the east of the teaching building.→

② Although we are tired, we are happy.→

④ May all your dreams come true!May our friendship last till the end of the universe.!(2007年湖南卷)

◆ 被动语态

① Opinions are divided on the question.② All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students.(2004全国卷 Ⅳ)

③ New factories, houses and roads have been built.◆ 巧妙的改写

(1).Only 改成no one but

Only Tom passed the exam last week.→ No one but Tom passed the exam.(2).as soon as …改成No sooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/The

moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.(3).have sb/sth do/done

The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken(her leg was broken.).(4).变换插入语的位置

① However, they suggest fees should be charged low.→

They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.(NMET 2002)

② I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well

you’ve learned Chinese.→

This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well

you’ve learned Chinese.(5).用同位语代替非限制性定语从句

Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several

days.→

Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world.8.相关过渡语

1).表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later,first of all, finally, at last…

2).表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side…

3).表示比较、对照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise…

4).表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus…

5).表示递进关系: besides, what’s more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore,in addition, on top of…

6).表示并列关系: and, as well as, also…

7).表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief,to conclude…

英语作文常用谚语、俗语

1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth.说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。

2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.一知半解,自欺欺人。

3、All rivers run into sea.海纳百川。

4、All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。

5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只会用功不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。

6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善始者不善终。

7、Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。

8、A faithful friend is hard to find.知音难觅。

9、A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

10、A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难,失朋友易。

11、A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。

12、A good beginning makes a good ending.善始者善终。

13、A good book is a good friend.好书如挚友。

14、A good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。

15、A mother's love never changes.母爱永恒。

16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一苹果,不用请医生。

17、A single flower does not make a spring.一花独放不是春,百花齐放春满园。

18、A year's plan starts with spring.一年之计在于春。

19、A young idler, an old beggar.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。

20、Better late than never.不怕慢,单怕站。

21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实,22、Care and diligence bring luck.谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。

23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.自信是走向成功的第一步。

24、Custom is a second nature.习惯是后天养成的。

25、Custom makes all things easy.有个好习惯,事事皆不难。

26、Doing is better than saying.与其挂在嘴上,不如落实在行动上。

27、Do nothing by halves.凡事不可半途而废。

28、Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today.今日事,今日毕。

29、Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.不要自找麻烦。

30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.早睡早起身体好。

31、Easier said than done.说得容易,做得难。

32、Easy come, easy go.来也匆匆,去也匆匆。

33、Eat to live, but not live to eat.人吃饭是为了活着,但活着不是为了吃饭。

34、Every man has his faults.金无足赤,人无完人。

35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune.自己的命运自己掌握。

36、Every minute counts.分秒必争。

37、Each coin has two sides.38、Fact speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。

39、Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。

40、God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。

41、Health is better than wealth.健康胜过财富。

42、Honesty is the best policy.做人诚信为本。

43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.抱最好的愿望,做最坏的打算。

44、It is never too old to learn.活到老,学到老。

45、Knowledge is power.知识就是力量

46、Like mother, like daughter.有其母必有其女。

47、No pain,no gain.(不劳无获。)

48、You never know till you have tried.不尝试,不知晓。

49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。

50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。

51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.早睡早起

使

人健康、富裕和聪颖。

52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。

53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it.世上无难事,只怕

心人。

54、Where there's a will, there's a way.有志者事竟成。

55、Practice makes perfect .(熟能生巧。)

56、Pride goes before a fall.(骄傲必败。)

第三篇:2017高中英语作文高分技巧

2017高考英语作文

一、全国卷《考试说明》对书面表达的要求

1.准确使用语法和词汇

2.使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思 【高考作文评分标准/高考作文评分原则-总则】 1.本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。

2.评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量,确定或调整档次,最后给分。

3.词数少于 80和多于 120的,从总分中减去2分。

4.评分时,应注意的主要内容为:内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。

5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写汉词汇用法均可接受。6.如书写较差,以至影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。

7.内容要点可用不同方式表达,对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。

二、全国卷“五档”作文

1.各个档次的给分范围及标准(满分25分)

A.第五档(很好):(21-25分)1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。2.覆盖所有内容要点。3.应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。4.语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力。5.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。6.完全达到了预期的写作目的。

B.第四档(好):(16-20分)1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。2.虽漏掉1、2个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容。3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。4.语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。6.达到了预期的写作目的。

C.第三档(适当):(11-15分)1.基本完成了试题规定的任务。2.虽漏掉一些内容,但覆盖所有主要内容。3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,但不影响理解。5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文内容连贯。6.整体而言,基本达到了预期的写作目的。

D.第二档(较差):(6-10分)1.未恰当完成试题规定的任务。2.漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容,写了一些无关内容。3.语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响了对写作内容的理解。5.较少使用语句间的连接成分,内容缺少连贯性。6.信息未能清楚地传达给读者。

E.第一档(差):(1-5分)1.未完成试题规定的任务。2.明显遗漏主要内容,写了一些无关内容,原因可能是未理解试题要求。3.语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。4.较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响对写作内容的理解。5.缺乏语句间的连接成分,内容不连贯。6.信息未能传达给读者。

F.不得分:(0分)未能传达给读者任何信息:内容太少,无法评判;写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。

2.“五档”作文如何抓——培养能力

⑴抓“应用了较多的词汇”:词性多样、词汇高级、短语丰富。

⑵抓“应用了较多的语法结构”:高中阶段主要有感叹句、倒装句、复合句、强调句、非谓语动词、独立主格结构、with/without复合结构等。

⑶抓“有效使用连接成分”:合理使用连词、连接副词等,使段与段、句与句之间形成明晰的、合乎逻辑的顺序组织与安排,做到文意与结构上层次分明、条理清楚。

⑷抓“完成规定的任务”:对于题干、要点提示、注意事项以及参考词汇要做好全面读题,定好时态、人称、文体等,确保完成规定任务。

三、高考作文如何升

1.运用四大原则

⑴具体性原则在掌握了一定词汇量后,具体的表达往往比泛泛而谈更能吸引阅卷老师的眼光。eg:He is a good man.→He is a kind-hearted/friendly man.⑵新颖性原则写作时如果能恰当运用高中学过的但别人可能想不到的词汇,必能给阅卷老师带来耳目一新的感觉。eg:A good relationship between teachers and students is good for our study.→A good relationship between teachers and students is beneficial to our study.⑶短语优先原则多使用词组、习语代替一些同义或近义单词。

eg:As the number of Chinese learners is increasing,Chinese culture will be more popular.→As the number of Chinese learners is on the rise,Chinese culture will be more popular.⑷多样化原则在一篇作文中尽量避免过多地重复使用某一词汇,要使用多种词汇表达同一意思。eg:I like watching TV while my brother likes reading.→I like watching TV while my brotherenjoys reading.2.利用高级词汇,照亮阅卷人眼

现总结10例由普通词汇向高分词汇的转化: ① first→to begin/start with首先 ②finally→last but not least最后 ③course→curriculum课程

④hard-working→diligent勤奋的 ⑤shortcoming→drawback缺点 ⑥difficult→painstaking艰难的 ⑦immediately→in a flash立即

⑧interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing有趣的 ⑨be sad→be cast down伤心

⑩think→take the attitude that/harbor the idea that认为 3.频变句型结构,增强得分支撑

⑴肯定不如双否好eg:The postman comes on time every Sunday.→The postman never fails to come every Sunday.⑵陈述不如倒装妙 ①以否定词开头,使用部分倒装eg:I will never give up.→Never will I give up.【归纳】常见的否定词(组):not,never,seldom,hardly,little,no sooner,in no case,at no time,by no means,in no way,in no sense,on no account,under no circumstance等。

②以地点状语开头,使用完全倒装eg:The library is in the center of our school.→In the center of our school lies the library.③“only+状语”位于句首,使用部分倒装eg:Only in this way can I make progress.④as/though引导的倒装句eg:Much as he enjoys it,he doesn't want to buy it.⑶主动不如被动巧多使用被动语态,能使表达更地道,更接地气。

eg:We can borrow at most five books at a time,and we can keep them for six days.→At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for six days.⑷非谓语结构不能少在平时,考生应多背一些好词好句。特别是含有非谓语结构的句子,在语境中理解它们的用法,只有这样,写作时才能得心应手。同时,在平时的训练中,考生也应大胆使用非谓语结构,以提高熟练度。

第四篇:高中英语作文写作经典技巧

作文经典写作技巧

高考英语话题作文模版

Nowadays, there are more and more(某种现象)in(某种场合).It is estimated that(相关数据).Why have there been so many(某种现象)? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is(原因一).Besides,(原因二).The third one is(原因

三).To sum up, the main cause of(某种现象)is due to(最主要原因).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing,(解决办法一).On the other hand,(解决办法二).All these measures will certainly reduce the number of(某种现象).高考英语文章主体段落三大杀手锏

举实例 思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子!in order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance.for instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.更多句型:to take … as an example, one example is…, another example is…, for example

二、做比较 方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; 世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: 相似的比较: in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较: on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …

三、换言之 没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 i love you!i am enthusiastic about you.that is to say, i love you.i am wild about you.in other words, i have fallen in love with you.或者上面我们举过的例子: i cannot bear it.可以用短语表达:i cannot put up with it.因此可以这样说:i cannot bear it.that is to say, i cannot put up with it or i am fed up with it.更多短语: in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply

高考英语作文开头万能公式

开头万能公式一:名人名言 有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编!原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? 经典句型: a proberb says, “ you are only young once.”(适用于已记住的名言)it goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.(适用于自编名言)更多经典句型:as everyone knows, no one can deny that… 2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: according to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: honesty 根据最近的一项统计调

查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。travel by bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。five-day work week better than six-day work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型: a recent statistics shows that … 高考英语作文结尾万能公式

结尾万能公式一:如此结论 说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了!更多过渡短语: to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型: thus, it can be concluded that…, therefore, we can find that… 2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽!obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? 更多句型: accordingly, i recommend that some measures be taken.consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.高考英语书面表达十练与范文

(1)说明:今天是星期天,爸爸。妈妈和我,叔叔、婶婶和妹妹都去看爷爷和奶奶。请根据下图内容写一日记。注意:日记须包括所有图画的内容,可适当增加某些情节,使短文连贯。字数100左右。

One possible version:This afternoon all of us went to see Grandparents.My father and mother brought them something delicious.My grandparents were in poor healthy so my uncle and aunt brought them the medicine they wanted.My mother and aunt said they would prepare the supper and we had a talk with Grandparents in the sitting room.My little sister and I told them that we were getting on well with our studies and they were very happy.Supper was ready, and all of us gave our best wishes to Grandparents.On our way home I was thinking I should often go to see them on Sundays.(2)李华在放学回家的路上经历了一次扑灭火灾的经过,请根据下图内容写一短文。注意:短文须包括所有图画的内容,可适当增加某些情节,使短文连贯。字数100左右。已给出短文第一句。One possible version:One day Li Hua saw a big fire break out on his way home from school.The firefighters tried their best to control the fire.With the help of the firefighters a lot of people left the building safely.At that time, a foreign woman came in a hurry to tell the firefighters something.But they didn't understand what she said.Li Hua came to the woman and asked her what had happened.The woman told Li Hua that her daughter was still in the building.Li Hua told the firefighters about it at once.They immediately ran into the building.Two minutes later they rushed out with the little girl.The foreign woman was very thankful to Li Hua and the firefighters for their help.(3)

One possible version:Xiaoming used to send a lot of cards to his friends at new year time.But one day he read a report in the newspaper,which said that cards are made from trees and that at present more and more trees have been cut down leading to serious floods in some areas.Xiaoming felt shocked at the report in the newspaper and realized the importance of protecting trees.From now on he decides to send his wishes to his friends by telephone instead of sending cards.to his friends at new year time

(4)书面表达一致辞类假如史密斯先生是你校聘请的外籍英语教师,现在聘期已满,下周就要回伦敦。明天你们要开一个欢送会,对史密斯先生表示欢送和感谢。现在,请你根据下列要点写一篇欢送词。1.感谢史密斯先生二年来的辛勤工作;2.平易近人,和蔼可亲;3.对学生既严格又耐心;4.上课生动有趣,大家喜欢上他的课;5.学生的英语水平有了很大的提高;6.祝他身体健康,一路平安。注意:1.格式要求正确;2.必须包括所有要点,但可适当增减细节,使内容连贯。3.词数100个左右。

One possible version: Dear friends,How times flies!It is two years since Mr Smith came to our school.He will leave for London next week.In the past two years, Mr Smith has worked hard.He was strict with us in our English learning and always ready to help us with patience.He made his classes so lively and interesting that all of us enjoyed every minute of them.Our English hasbeen improved greatly because of his creative work.Now, we' d like to express our thanks to him.We wish him a pleasant journey home and good health.Thank you.(5)书面表达-活动安排你3月15日(星期六)一天的活动安排如下,请根据此活动安排用英语写一篇日记。时间地点活动安排 8:00校门口欢迎德国学生(约30人)到校参观访问8:30-9:30体育馆联欢会(get-together),交换礼品9:30-10:30校园内参观教学楼、实验楼、宿舍楼等10:30-11:30篮球场友谊篮球赛12:00校门口欢送德国学生离校14:00-17:00数家书店和同学一块购买书籍和磁带等注意:词数100左右。生词:交换exchange;体育馆gymnasium、One possible version:March 15SaturdayFineAbout thirty German students came to visit our school today.We gathered at the school gate at 8 o'clock to give them a warm welcome.Then we had a get-together in the gymasium.Our headmaster told them something about our school.And then we talked with each other and exchanged gifts.From nine thirty we showed them around ourschool.They visited our classroom buildings ,the lad building ,and the dorm-tories.A friendly basketball game started on the sports ground at ten thirty.At twelve o'clock all German students left our school.6)会议通知1.某中学将有一位美国教授布菜克博士来访,该教授将给师生们作一次报告,介绍美国的教育情况。学校要求同学们在星期三下午2:30准时到105大教室参加报告会,并带上笔记本,以便会后讨论。请你根据上面要点,用英语写一通知。(字数:80左右)参考词语美国教授American professor有关教育的报告a report on education 作笔记to take notes 讨论to have a discussion NoticeAn American professor, Dr Black will visit our school this Wednesday afternoon.He will give us a report on the education in America.Everyone is supposed to be in Room 105, the big classroom exactly at 2:30 p.m.Wednesday.Please bring your notebooks with you and take notes while listening to the lecture, so

that we can have a discussion about it after it is over.(7)郊游通知[题 材]假如你是高三(2)班班长,你班要在5月4日即下星期六去庐山郊游。请你拟一份通知,准备向同学们宣读。内容包括:

1、郊游日期:5月4日,下星期六;

2、主要内容:攀登比赛、摄影等;

3、早餐后8点坐校车出发,午餐自带,下午3点回校;

4、欢迎全体同学参加。凡参加者先登记并交给班长5元钱。注意:通知词数约70—120。要求意思连贯。[范 文]An Outing to LushanAn AnnouncementClass, please be quiet.I am glad to tell you that we have decided to have an outing to Lushan next Saturday, May 4th.The expense is about five yuan.Those who wish to go should put down the names on this piece of paper and give the money to me.We will go by school bus which is to start after breakfast at 8:00 a.m.and come back to school at 3:00 p.m..Remember to bring your lunch with you.We’ll have a contest of climbing the hill and take photos there.All the students are welcome.That’s all.Thank you.Monitor Class 2 of Senior Grade 3

(8)晚会通知假如你是班长,通知你班同学本周星期六晚上7:30—在本班教室举行一次英语晚会,节目有唱歌、朗诵、讲故事、话剧等,要求本班同学都参加,欢迎外班同学光临,请同学们作好准备。(字数:80左右)参考词语朗诵recitation 节目programme(或program)欢迎to be welcomed表演 to performFellow students, attention, please.I have some good news to tell you.We’re going to have an English evening, in our classroom at 7:30 on Saturday evening.The programme inclides songs, recitations, storytelling and short plays.Everyone in our clas must take part in it and students form other classed are also welcome.Everone who takes part in the party should perform once.That’s all.Thank you.(10)游玩的通知请你以学生会名义,根据下面表格的内容写一则去人民公园游玩的通知。参加者高二年级全体学生活动内容1.12月28日,周六去人民公园,上午浏览东湖;2.中午在湖边野餐;3.下午参观植物园(the botanical garden).集合时间和地点早上6:50在校门集合;7:00开车。注意事项1.穿运动鞋;2.自带午餐和饮料;3.如有可能,每班带1——2部照相机;4.准时集合。注意:1.词数100左右。2.通知的格式已写出。Notice Attention, please.NoticeAttention, please.The students of Senior Grade Two will go to the people’s Park for an outing on December 28,Saturday.In the morning ,we will visit the East Lake.We’ll have a picnic by the lake at noon.After that , we’ll visit the botanical garden.Please wear your sports shoes ,and take your lunch and drinks with you ,If possible ,each class can take a couple of cameras along so that you can take some pictures of the beautiful sights.We are to meet at the school gate at 6:50 a.m.The buses will start at 7:00 a.m.Don’t be late.The Student’s Union

第五篇:高中英语学习技巧

哈尔滨一对一天材教育

高中英语尖子生与非尖子生在学习策略上的差异

近年来国内外应用语言学界对外语学习策略的研究方兴未艾。学习者学习外语不再被看作被动地吸收知识,而应有意识地、积极主动地在课内外运用学习策略,辅助语言习得。各种理论模式也将学习策略作为论对他们自身的学习行为有着直接的影响。如果调整学习者的语言学习行为,必须使他们的观念发生改变(文秋芳,1995)。策略是指学习者为有效学习所采取的措施,这种行为可以是外部活动,也可能是内部活动。策略分为管理策略与语言学习策略。前者与语言学习过程的管理有关,后者与语言学习材料发生直接的关系。

高中英语课程的总目标是使学生在义务教育阶段英语学习的基础上,进一步明确学习的目的,发展自主学习和合作学习的能力;形成有效的英语学习策略;培养学生的综合语言运用能力。高中英语课程标准学习策略是指学生为了有效地学习语言和使用语言而采取的各种行动和步骤。英语学习策略包括认知策略、调控策略、交际策略和资源策略等。认知策略是指学生为了完成具体学习任务而采取的步骤和方法;调控策略是指学生计划、实施、评价和调整学习过程或学习结果的策略;交际策略是指学生为了争取更多的交际机会、维持交际以及提高交际效果而采取的各种策略;资源策略是指学生合理并有效地利用多种媒体在的中学,尤其是像我们这样的示范性高中,更需要我们去探究英语尖子生的学习策略,从而培养大量的英语尖子生。

高中学生已走近成年,人际交往、社会体验都会不断扩展。因此,高中学生应该积极利用多种渠道使用英语,在真实交际中培养有效的交际策略。同时,高中学生应在义务教育阶段有所培养的自主学习能力的基础上,进一步掌握资源策略,学会独立地获取信息和资料,并能加以整理、分析、归纳和总结,从而扩展知识、开阔视野、充实生活,更自觉地规划自己的人生道路。下表是七级学习策略的分级目标。

级别 策略 类型目标描述

七级 认知策略

1.借助联想建立相关知识之间的联系;

2.利用推理、归纳等逻辑手段分析和解决问题;

3.善于总结所接触语言材料中的语言规律并加以应用;

4.在学习中,善于抓住重点、做好笔记,并能对所学内容进行整理和归纳;

5.在听和读的过程中,借助情景和上下文猜测词义或推测段落大意;

6.在学习中借助图表等非语言信息进行理解或表达。

七级 调控策略

3.交际中,善于克服语言障碍,维持交际;

4.善于利用各种机会用英语进行真实交际;

5.在交际中注意并遵守英语交际的基本礼仪。

七级 资源策略

通过图书馆、计算机网络、广播、电视等资源获得更广泛的英语信息,扩展所学知识。

本文要回答的问题是:

1.高中英语尖子生与非尖子生在学习策略上存在着什么差异?

2.高中英语尖子生是通过什么学习方法取得成功的?

二.研究方案

2.1.研究对象天材教育

参加个案研究的学生有尖子生、广州二模、高考热身试中,王琳的英语成绩分别为110分、115分、113分,而何小燕的成绩分别为143分、138分、137分。在最后的高考中何小燕取得了132分的高分,进入了江门五邑地区单科前10名。而王琳只得了110分。鉴于王琳和何小燕的其他情况基本相仿,造成她们学习成绩明显差异的原因似乎可以归因于学习策略上的不同。

2.2.数据收集

本研究参考了文秋芳《英语学习成功者与不成功者在方法上的差异》的研究方法和数据的收集方法。在个案研究时,何小燕和王琳参加了面谈和问卷调查。

问卷调查的题目:

三.结果:

3.1.认知策略上的差异

当何小燕被问及如何处理阅读材料中的新单词时,她说如果单词不怎么重要,她是不查字典的,因为她认为如果读到一半,就停下来查字典会影响她对文章的完整的理解。在读教材时,她先把课文通读一遍,猜生词的意思,不用字典。在阅读材料时从上下文猜测词义是做阅读的必备能力。但读第二遍的时候,她才用字典记生词。除了看词义的解释外,还看短语和例句。

通过对王琳的面谈得知王琳在阅读材料时很少通过上下文猜测单词的词义,她在阅读的时候一遇到单词就查字典,而且把生词记在笔记本上,这样她读一篇文章要花很多时间,而且读完后也不知道它说什么,因此对阅读失去了兴趣。她很少对学过的语法知识进行整理、归纳。她上课时喜欢把老师在黑板上或幻灯片上所讲的内容全部记下来,因为害怕考试的时候考到里面的内容。这样一来,她上课只是记笔记,而忽视了听老师讲解。

3.2.调控策略上的差异

何小燕能根据学习进展情况,调整学习计划和目标,尤其是在暑假和寒假时间比较充裕的时候制定。因为计划是学习的导航。她在学习中遇到困难时,经常向老师请教。她说遇到困难时问老师能解决一类这样的问题,而问同学只能解决一道题。在考试考得不理想时,她会分析失败循记忆规律。她采用一系列记忆方法对记忆效果很有帮助。学生首先要对自己的记忆过程自觉进行规划和管理;其次,在记单词的过程中不仅要下苦功,也要下巧功,多种方法互为补充,达到最好的效果;记完单词,还要多用多练,定期复习(王文宇,1998)。而王琳只是孤立、枯燥无味地去记单词,而没有把单词放到课文中去记忆,也很少对单词进行复习和巩固。

3.3.交际策略上的差异

当何小燕被问及如何提高自己的口语能力时,她作了如下的描述:

我上课非常积极,因为我认为这是练习口语的好机会。我也喜欢下课和同学用英语东拉西扯或和老师用英语聊天,我还喜欢模仿电视上的口语,歌曲中的腔调,学rap。在英语会话时,如有生词想不起来,我会用手势或简单的英语解释。假如不知道如何用英语来表达自己,我就问别人而不采用回避的方法。这些都体现了何小燕在英语学习中能充分地运用交际策略。第一,她能利用各种机会用英语进行交际,在课内外活动中积极勇于与同学交流。第二,她在交际中通过用英语解释克服交际中的语言障碍,而不采用回避的策略。

面谈中,王琳却是这样回答同一个问题的:

在课堂上,我害怕讲错,被同学讥笑,不愿回答问题。当老师叫我们4人一个小组讨论时,我如果想不起某个英文单词时,我就用中文或干脆不讲。课外我也很少和同学用英语交流,因为我觉得这样很别扭。从这一点我们可以看出,使用母语策略越多的人英语

成绩的得分可能越低,完全依赖母语策略有碍英语学习的进步。应强调减少对母语的依赖程度。因此我们英语教师在设计教学活动时要注意语言的难度,因为当学生所要完成的任务远远超出自己的英语水平时,就不得不依赖于母语。(文秋芳,王海啸,1996)。我们在设计教学活动中既要重视尖子生,也要考虑到非尖子生。

3.4.资源策略上的差异

当问到“你是否阅读过什么课外英语读物?如何在课外进行听力训练的?”何小燕是这样说的:我常看课外英经足够了。她知道自己能力差,她想通过多听来提高听力水平。但当她的努力没有带来明显进步时,她没想过她练听力的方法存在问题。

以上个案研究表明,何小燕和王琳在学习策略上的不同导致了她们在学习成绩上的明显差异。笔者在进行个案研究之后,还对116位学生进行了研究。本人现在所教的高一两个班,一个是尖子班, 它是从20个班中选出来的2个尖子班之一, 另一个班是普通班。在本学期期中考试后对他们进行问卷调查,尖子班发下去58张调查问卷,收回有效问卷56张;普通班发下去60张调查问卷,收回60张有效问卷。调查问卷的统计数字如下:

通过以上数据的对比,可以得知:除了第8项的百分比相差不大之外,其余11项均相差15%以上。首先,第11项相差最大,百分比相差58%。由此可以看出,尖子生除了完成老师布置的练习之外,还利用课余时间进行大量的英语阅读练习,提高自己的阅读能力和阅读速度。他们中有很多同学阅读过课外英语读物,如书虫系列、《疯狂英语》、《英语世界》、《英语知识》、《西方风情录》、星火英语月刊、《新概念英语》等等。其次,相差比较大的是第4项,百分比相差53%。尖子生善于对学过的单词进行定期复习,巩固对单词的记忆,降低遗忘率。因此他们的词汇量比较大,在阅读中遇到的生词障碍比较小。而非尖子生却很少对单词进行复习,他们总是抱怨单词学了就忘记,真难记呀。尤其是现在的教材,每个单元要求掌握的词汇都很多,到了高中毕业要掌握大约3500个单词。学生们最害怕的是记单词。原因在于没有掌握记单词的方法,不知道如何降低遗忘率。最后,第9项和第10项相差的百分比也比较大,都相差31%。尖子生喜欢在课内外活动中积极用英语与同学交流,甚至见到外国人还与他们用英语交谈,努力创造训练自己英语口语的机会。他们还在课外进行听力训练,如上网进行视频英语学习,看英文电影、听英文歌、听英文电台广播、看国际频道等,而非尖子生却很少在课外与同学用英语交流,也不常在课外进行听力训练。

根据以上的结论,笔者对英语尖子生的培养提出一些建议:

1.培养尖子生形成适合自己学习特点的学习策略,制定具有个性的学习计划,并能根据自己的学习需要不断地调整学习策略, 根据自我评价不断修正和调整自己的学习计划。我们可以开展一些尖子生英语学习经验交流,帮助他们建立一个相互学习,相互交流的平台。

2.教师要引导尖子生主动学习,帮助他们形成以能力发展为目的的学习方式,鼓励学生通过体验、实践、讨论、合作和探究等方式,发展听、说、读、写的综合语言技能。要为他们独立学习留有空间和时间,使学生有机会通过联想、推理和归纳等思维活动用英语分析问题和解决问题,获得经验,增强自信,提高能力。在教学中教师还要引导和鼓励学生积极利用图书馆、互联网、英文报刊、广播、电视等学习资源完成学习任务。

3.通过设计丰富多样的课内外学习活动,使尖子生在参与交际活动的过程中形成交际策略。我们可以开展英语演讲比赛、讲故事比赛、英文卡拉OK大赛,英文辩论大赛。开展课前1分钟演讲活动,成立英语广播电台等。

4.教师要对尖子生有一种期待感。适当运用“皮革马力翁”效应。在每次考试后教师要

主动找尖子生谈心,与他们一起反思学习过程和学习效果,经常鼓励和帮助他们。通过高中英语尖子生与非尖子生在学习策略上差异的研究,我们在2008年的高考中取得了可喜的成绩。英语单科位于江门五邑地区前10名的有7人,是江门五邑地区前10名人数最多的一个科,其中何衍铭同学以141分的优异成绩位于广东省英语单科第二名,江门五邑地区第一名。

每一个中学生都希望自己的英语学习是高效的,但是,在2012大同高中英语培训中心的实际学习过程中,不同学生的学习效率却总是有高低之分。老师面对这些学习效率不同的学生终归要有某种解释,此类解释通常是:基础较差,学习不努力,上课不能专心听讲,等等。所谓“更加根本的原因”是什么呢?这正是本代探讨的问题,即“学习策略”问题。

一、什么是学习策略?

通俗地讲,学习策略就是我们平时所说的“学习方法”。但是,不少中学生会说:我们几乎每学期都在听老师讲学习方法,可是,我们的学习状况并没有因此而发生根本的改变。我必须承认:情况确实如此。老师告诉学生:“你们要注意学习方法。”这样的告诫或教导可能太多了,然而,2012大同高中英语培训中心认为重要的不是老师的告诫或教导,而是学生自己的实际体验;重要的不是老师对“学习方法”的笼统介绍,而是学生所接受的具有实际内容和指标的训练。

这里谈的“学习策略”具有以下一些特征:

1.学习策略是行动的过程

每一个学生在学习时都在执行某种策略。比如,你在阅读一篇英语短文,你像以往那样,在阅读刚刚开始的时候就注意到“语言点”,而且就开始记住它们。这就是你在执行阅读的学习策略。不管这种策略是不是有利于你对代段的整体理解,你实际上在通过行动来执行你的既定策略。当你认识到这种学习策略不利于你的阅读理解时,你不可能立即丢掉这种策略,你需要用新的行动来代替原来的行动。

2.学习策略是体验的过程

有了学习的行动,也就有了对学习的体验。因此,在你进行学习活动时,你就必定产生某种体验。比如,你现在想改变自己的那种逐字逐句进行阅读的习惯,于是,你加快了阅读速度,忽略了语言细节,这显然是一种新的阅读行动,伴随着这种行动的是发生在你内心的新体验。

5.学习策略是巩固的过程

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