最常见的英语英语合同翻译

第一篇：最常见的英语英语合同翻译

最常见的英语英语合同翻译

鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文合同的翻译和写作。

合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。

一.hereby

英文释义:by means of , by reason of this

中文译词:特此,因此,兹

用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.例1：

The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.参考译文:

业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。

注释:

(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此

(2)covenant: v.make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约;n.legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同

(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工

(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中

(5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价

(6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which

(7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照

(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款

例2：

We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.注释：

（1）hereby：特此

（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知

（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明

（4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中

（5）documentary proof：证明文件

参考译文：

特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。

例3：

This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and betweenCo.(hereinafter referred to as Party A)andCo.(hereinafter referred to as Party B)on(Date), in(Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.注释：

（1）hereby：特此

（2）hereinafter referred to as Party A：以下称甲方

（3）on the principle of equality and mutual benefit：在平等互利基础上

（4）through amicable consultation：通过友好协商

参考译文：

本合同双方，公司（以下称甲方）与公司（以下称乙方），在平等互利基础上，通过友好协商，于年月日在中国（地点），特签订本合同。

例4：

This agreement is hereby made and entered into on(Date), by and betweenCo.China(hereinafter referred to as Party A)andCo.(hereinafter referred to as Party B).注释：

（1）this agreement is hereby made and entered into：特此订立本协议

在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”可用以下4个动词：sign(make, conclude or enter into)this agreement, 按照同义词连用的写作特点，可用上述4个动词中的两个来表示）。

（2）hereinafter referred to as Party B：以下简称乙方

参考译文：

本协议特由中国公司（以下简称甲方）与公司（以下简称乙方）于年月日订立。

二hereof

英文释义: of this

中文译词:关于此点；在本文件中

用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的„„”时，使用该词。例如表示本合同条件、条款时，可以说“the terms, conditions and provisions hereof”，这里hereof表示“of this Contract”；又如表示本工程的任何部分，可用“any parts hereof”，这里hereof表示“of this Works”。

语法：一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。

hereof和thereof的区别：hereof强调“of this”。例如，上面的“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”中的thereof表示of the Contract；“any parts thereof”中的thereof表示of the Works。

例1

Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not, the owner of the goods shall, without interruption, by day and night, including Sundays and holidays(if required by the carrier),supply and take delivery of the goods.Provided that the owner of the goods shall be liable for all losses or damages including demurrage incurred in default on the provisions hereof.注释：

（1）Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not：不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，whether„ or not：不论„„是否

（2）the owner of the goods：货方

（3）without interruption：无间断地

（4）carrier：承运人

（5）in default on the provisions hereof：违反本款规定 hereof：of this Clause

参考译文：

不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，货方都应昼夜地，包括星期日和假日（如承运人需要），无间断地提供和提取货物。货方对违反本款规定所引起的所有损失或损坏，包括滞期应负担赔偿责任。

例2

Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.注释：

（1）foreign trade dealers：对外贸易经营者

（2）as mentioned in this Law：本法所称

（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法规定

（4）legal entity：法人

（5）be engaged in foreign trade dealings：从事对外贸易经营活动

参考译文：

本法所称对外贸易经营者，是指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织。

例3

The establishment of a limited liability company or a company limited by shares shall comply with the conditions and provisions of this Law.A company complying with the conditions and provisions hereof may be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.Provided that if a company fails to comply with the conditions and provisions hereof, the company in question shall not be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.注释：

（1）a limited liability company：有限责任公司

（2）a company limited by shares：股份有限公司

（3）provisions hereof：本法规定 hereof: of this Law

（4）may be registered as：登记为

参考译文：

设立有限责任公司、股份有限公司，必须符合本法规定的条件。符合本法规定的条件的，登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司；不符合本法规定的条件的，不得登记为有限责任公司或股份有限公司。

例4

If, as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons, an arbitrator fails to perform his duties as an

arbitrator, another arbitrator shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, be selected or appointed.注释：

（1）as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons：回避或者其它原因

（2）arbitrator：仲裁员

（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法规定

（4）be selected or appointed：选定或指定

参考译文：

仲裁员因回避或者其它原因不能履行职责的，应当依照本法规定重新选定或指定仲裁员。

例5

In the event of conflict between the provisions on arbitration formulated and prepared prior to the effective date of this Law and the provisions of this Law, the provisions hereof shall prevail.注释：

（1）conflict：相抵触

（2）prior to the effective date of this Law：本法施行前

（3）the provisions hereof shall prevail：以本法为准 hereof：of this Law

参考译文：

本法施行前制定的有关仲裁的规定与本法的规定相抵触的，以本法为准。

例6

Where, in accordance with laws, the circumstance(s)specified in Article 15 and Article 16 of this Law is /are confirmed, the organization with compensatory obligations shall pay compensation in any of the circumstance in question.Where the claimant for compensation demands the confirmation of one of the circumstances specified in Article 15 and Article 16 hereof, and the demanded organization refuses to make the confirmation, the claimant shall have the right to lodge a complaint.Where the claimant claims compensation, the claim, shall, first, be lodged to the organization for compensatory obligations.The provisions of Article 10, Article 11 and Article 12 hereof shall apply to/ in the procedures of compensation.注释：

（1）the organization with compensatory obligations：赔偿义务机关

（2）shall pay compensation：应当给予赔偿

（3）the claimant for compensation：赔偿请求人

（4）Article 15 and Article 16 hereof：本法第十五条、第十六条 hereof：of this Law

（5）shall have the right to lodge a complaint：有权申诉

（6）claims compensation：要求赔偿

（7）apply to/ in：适用 More Examples: The comment applies equally here./That argument does not apply in this case./That applies to at least nine-tenths of the people we see about./These remarks apply to every town in this kingdom./The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.参考译文：

赔偿义务机关对依法确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定的情形之一的，应当给予赔偿。赔偿请求人要求确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定情形之一的，被要求的机关不予确认的，赔偿请求人有权申诉。赔偿请求人要求赔偿，应当先向赔偿义务机关提出。赔偿程序适用本

法第十条、第十一条、第十二条的规定。

例7

If an arbitrator involved in one of circumstances specified in Item 4, Article 34 of this Law, and if it is serious, or those specified in Item 6, Article 58 hereof, the arbitrator in question shall, in accordance with the law, bear the legal liability and responsibility.The arbitration commission shall remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators.注释：

（1）arbitrator：仲裁员

（2）Article 58 hereof：本法第五十八条 hereof：of this Law

（3）bear the legal liability and responsibility：承担法律责任

（4）the arbitration commission：仲裁委员会

（5）remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators：将其除名 参考译文：

仲裁员有本法第三十四条第四项规定的情形，情节严重的，或者有本法第五十八条第六项规定的情形的，应当依法承担法律责任，仲裁委员会应当将其除名。

例8

If, pursuant to this Law, the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals fail to grant approval to such an application as meets the requirements and provisions hereof, or the company registration authorities fail to register a company whose application meets the requirements hereof, the party in question may, in accordance with laws, apply for reconsideration or bring an administrative suit.注释：

（1）the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals：履行审批职责的有关主管部门

（2）meets the requirements and provisions hereof：符合本法条件

（3）the company registration authorities：负责公司登记的主管部门

（4）the requirements hereof：本法条件 hereof: of this Law

（5）apply for reconsideration：申请复议

（6）bring an administrative suit：提起行政诉讼

参考译文：

依照本法，履行审批职责的有关主管部门，对符合本法条件的申请不予批准，或负责公司登记的主管部门不予登记，当事人可以依法申请复议或者提起行政诉讼。

例9

This Decision shall apply to the crimes committed against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof by the staff and workers of enterprises other than limited liability companies and companies limited by shares.注释：

（1）the crimes committed：犯罪行为

（2）against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof：犯有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定 hereof: of this Decision

参考译文：

有限责任公司、股份有限公司以外的企业职工有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定的犯罪行为的，适用本决定。

例10

Companies registered and established prior to the effective date of this Law shall, in accordance with Laws, administrative regulations, local regulations and pursuant to the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies” or the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares” issued by the relevant responsible department of the State Council, continue to exist.Those companies not completely satisfying the requirements of this Law shall, within the specified time limit, meet the requirements hereof.Specific methods for implementation of this Law will be set out in separate regulations issued by the State Council.注释：

（1）companies registered：已登记成立的公司

（2）the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies”：《有限责任公司规范意见》

（3）the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares”：《股份有限公司规范意见》

（4）the relevant responsible department of the State Council国务院有关主管部门

（5）in separate regulations issued by the State Council：由国务院另行规定

参考译文：

本法施行前已登记成立的公司，应依照法律、行政法规、地方性法规和国务院有关主管部门制定的《有限责任公司规范意见》，和《股份有限公司规范意见》，继续保留。其中不完全具备本法规定的条件的，应当在规定的期限内达到本法规定的条件。具体实施办法，由国务院另行规定。

例11

Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to acts of such business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and disturbing the socio-economic order.注释：

（1）unfair competition：不正当竞争

（2）business operators：经营者

（3）contravene the provisions hereof：违反本法规定 the provisions hereof：本法规定 hereof：of this Law

（4）the lawful rights and interests：合法权益

（5）disturbing the socio-economic order：扰乱社会经济秩序

参考译文：

本法所称的不正当竞争，是指经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为。

第二篇：资料：英语合同翻译说明

Contract 与 Agreement的有无区别

在英语中，合同一般称为Contract，协议一般称为Agreement。

何谓“contract”?

1999年中国《合同法》第二条对contract定义为： A contact in this Law refers to an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations”。根据这一定义，合同平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的协议。，Steven H.Gifts编著的“Law Dictionary”中将contract 定义为“contract is a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”根据这一定义，合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，某种意义上法律将履行该承诺看做是一种补偿。

L.B Curzon 在其编撰的字典“A Dictionary of Law”给contract的定义：“Contract is a legally binding agreement”根据这一定义，合同就是有法律约束力的协议。

综合起来，有一个相同点，就是“Contract is an agreement”，即可将合同说成是“An agreement which binds the parties concerned”或者说合同说成是“An agreement which is enforceable by law”，也可以说：Contracts are promises that the law will enforce。

何谓“Agreement”?

L.B “A consensus of mind, or evidence of such consensus, in spoke or written form, relating to anything done or to be done.”

根据这一定义，协议是对已经做或准备做的相关事宜，经过谈判、协商后取得一致意见，以口头或书面形式做出的约定。

Black “Law Dictionary”有两个定义。一个是：“A concord of understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights and duties, of certain past or future facts or performance”根据这一定义，协议即双方或多方京某些过去或将来某些事实的相关权利、义务或相关权利、义务的履行而达成的一致理解和愿望。

另一个是：“The consent of two or more persons concurring respecting the transmission of some property, right or benefits, with the view of contacting an obligation, a mutual obligation.”根据这一定义，协议即两个或多个当事人，为了约定单方责任或相互责任，就财产权利、利益的转移取得的一致同意。

Contract(合同)和Agreement(协议)是不是可以互换呢？

合同的成立必须具备几个主要因素。它们（要约和承诺构成的）协议、约因、设立法律关系的愿望和缔约能力四大部分组成。

L.B Curzon编著的“A Diction of Law”提到：“Contract generally involves”

1.offer and absolute and unqualified acceptance(要约和绝对接受)2.consensus ad idem(意思表示一致，也叫meeting of minds)3.intention to create legal relations(建立合同关系的意愿)4.genuineness of consent(同意的真实性)

5.contractual capacity of the parties(合同当事人的缔约能力)6.legality of object(标的物的合法性)

7.possibility of performance(履行的可能性)8.certainty of terms(条款的确定性)9.valuable consideration(等价有偿)

Black 'Law Dictionary“ 中解释道：Although often used as synonyms with ”contract“, agreement is a broader term, e.g.an agreement might lack an essential element of a contact.”

即“协议”和“合同”经常用作同义词，但“协议”这一术语含义更广，例如协议可能缺乏合同的必备条款（essential clauses/provisions）。

实际使用当中，协议可不受必备条款的限制，而称为合同的文体肯定少不了必备条款，有的合同将其单列，称为一般条款（General provisions）。，1999中国《合同法》第十二条规定了八项一般条款，分别是：

1.title or name and domicile of the parities(当事人的名称或姓名和住址)2.contract object(标的)3.quantity(数量)4.quality(质量)

5.price or remuneration(价款或者报酬)

6.time limit, place and method of performance(履行期限、地点和方式)7.liability for breach of contract(违约责任)8.methods to settle disputes(解决争议的方法)

上述解释说明，contract(合同)和agreement(协议)的概念虽然接近，但使用范围不同，不能互换使用。合同是协议的重要组成部分，所有合同一定是协议，而协议不见得都是合同。可以说具备合同成立要求的具有强制执行力的协议才是合同。

结构特点

合同类法律文件用以规定当事人的权利与义务，是预防与解决争议的依据。合同英语行文慎密而准确，历史悠久，深含法律文化底蕴。

中文的合同开头一般先罗列当事人的名称、姓名、住所或营业场所，然后是合同正文，结尾是当事人印章、授权代表签字、职务及签字日期。而英语合同一般以下面这类句式为开头：

This agreement/contract is made and entered in to this ____ day of _____(month), _______(year)by and between Party A(hereinafter called “ Party A ”)and Party B(hereinafter called “ Party B ”)

然后是开始陈述：

WHEREAS…THEREFORE

… It is hereby agreed as follows:

或以：

WITNESSETH, WHEREAS…

NOW THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows:

接着是正文，最后是证明部分：

IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and years first above written.随后还包括当事人和见证人的签字。签字日期一般在英文合同最搬弄是非是找不到的。

下面列出新加坡、美国、香港和日本的合同格式。

A.新加坡

Agreement

THIS AGREEMENT is made the 9th day of August, 2001 between LUCKY INTERNATIONAL LTD, a company incorporated in Singapore and having its registered office at Telek Blongar Rise, Singapore 19569(hereinfater called “The Company”)of the part and JACK Wong(NRIC No._________ /A)of 108 Orchar Road, Singapore 01688(hereinafter called “The Mangager”)of the other part.WHEREAS:

1.The company is engaged in IT business and requires a person with the necessary qualifications and experience to manage its business.2.….NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED as follows:

1.The company shall employ the Manager and the Manager shall serve the Company as manager of the Company's IT business for a period of two years commencing on 1st day of September

2.….IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have set their hand the day and year first above written.THE SCHEDULE ABOVE REFERRED TO

Duties of Manger

1.To manage, maintain and promote the business of the Company.2.3.SIGNED by Roger Tan

For and on behalf of LUCKY INTERANTIONAL LTD

In the presence of

SIGNED by TERESA WONG

In the presence of

新加坡的通用合同分五部分：

第一部分：称为parties, 主要介绍合同各方的姓名或名称，注册地国及地址、邮编及各自在合同的简称。开头框架一般为：

THIS AGREEMENT is made the---------__________ day of _____（month）,____(year)between A _______(hereinafter called “The Company”)of the part and B______,(hereinafter called “The Manager”)of the other part.句子开头THIS AGREEMENT

或CONTRACT和当事人的姓名和名称，都应大写。当事人是自然人的，用“of”和其后的住址相连；是法人或非法人单位的，用“having its registered office at”和其后注册地址相连。

第二部分：称为recital。以WHEREAS开头，进入叙述部分，用陈述正式说明当事人订立合同的原因。

第三部分：称为habendum，正文。具体约定当事人的权利和义务。正文部分的结束段为：

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have set their hand the day and year first above written.这段作用相当于中文合同的“双方签字盖章，特此为证”。

第四部分：称为schedule或addendum，附录。是对前述合同部分条款的必要补充。不是所有合同都有这一项。

第五部分：称为attestation，证明部分。当事人如果自然人，用“SIGNED by __” 英文写作翻译；连接后填写见证姓名的表达部分“In the presence of ____”；当事人是法人或非法人单位时，授权代表后接的是“SIGNED for and on behalf _____ of____”，然后才是In the presence of _______。与中文合同的显著不同是签章处除当事人外，多了一个In the presence of _______供证人签字之处。另一不同的是合同订立日期没有放在合同最后，而是出现在开头段的当事人介绍部分。

第五部分在新加坡还有另一种表达

As Witness our Hands this _____day of _____，in the year of our Lord Tow Thousand and One.Signed, sealed, and delivered by the above named

In the presence of

Signature

Address

Occupation

上述合同的格式很有代表性，其它英文格式与之相比大同大异，有的合同中不含附录。

B.美国

APPOINTMENT AS CONTRACT FULL-TIME SENIOR CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATOR

AN AGREEMENT FOR SERVICES made the 1st day of September, 2000 between ______ of _____(address)(hereinafter referred to as “the Company”)as one part and Mr._______ of _______(address)(hereinafter referred to as the Contractor)of the other part.WHEREBY IT IS AGREED AND DECLARED AS FOLLOWS:

1.THAT the Company shall …

2.This agreement shall commence on ….3.4.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, both parties set their hands on the date herein mentioned

SIGNED BY

Name :

Designation :

For and on behalf of :(signature)

Contractor :

Designation :

For and on behalf of :(signature)

本合同分为四个大部分（缺附录，schedule）。与上一合同基本相同，但第一段没有谓语，不是个完整的句子。个别用词与前一合同有差别。最后落款处还多了了“职务”，即designation(有的合同还惯用position).C.香港

CONTRACT

CONTACT NO.SIGNING DATE/PLACE

THE BUYER: Name

Legal Address

Contact

THE SELLER: Name

Legal Address

Contact

This contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller.Whereby the Buyer agrees o buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions.1.NAME OF COMMODITY AND SCOPE OF THE CONTRACT 2.PRICE

3.PAYMENT译 4.PACKING 5.IN WITHNESS WHEREOF, this contract has been executed effective as of the date first above written.THE BUYER THE SELLER

___________ ___________

By:__________ By:__________

Date:------------_________ Date:------------_________

THE END USER

___________

By: __________

Date:--------____-_________

比起前两个合同，该买卖合同的不同之处于在于，合同开头出现了合同编号和签署日期，当事人名称或姓名采用简单列举式。证明部分用完成时被动态，最后落款处SIGNED BY项目，但增加了最终用户一项。

D.日本

SERVICE AGREEMENT

This agreement is made and entered into on March 1st ,2001, by and between______ LTD(hereinafter referred to as “PARTY A”), and ________CO., LTD.((hereinafter referred to as “PARTY B”)

WITNESSTH:

WHEREAS, PARTY B has requested by PARTY A to dispatch its personal for the purpose of _______ to PARTY b;and

WHEREAS,(PARTY A is willing to dispatch its personnel t PARTY B in response to such PARTY B's request)

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises and covenants herein contained , the parties hereto agree as follows: 1.2.3.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their respective duly authorized officers as of the date first herinabove written.______ Ltd.________ Co., Ltd.(signature)(signature)

MANAGING DIRECTOR MANAGING DIRECTOR

该合同也由四大部分构成，与上述合同最大的不同在于，在叙述部分上端加了一个WITNESSETH（鉴于），最后落款处也没有SIGNED BY 项目，但授权签字代表的职位真接打出来，放在签字的下一行。别外，当事人的简称部分用的都是大写。

相比之下，英文合同除个别地方外，整个合同的段落排列，句式和用词大同小异。在草拟英文合同时，只要仿用上述任何一个，都算是地道的英文表达。

用词特点(formal term)

合同英语的用词极其考究，具有特定性。要求选词专业化（professional）、正式（formal）、准确（accurate）。具体体现在下列方面：

1． May, shall, must ,may not(或shall not)的使用，May, shall , must ,may not(或shall not)对学过英语的人再熟悉不过，但在合同中用这些词时要极其谨慎。权利义务的约见定部分构成了合同的主体。这几个词如选用不当，可能会引起纠纷。

may 旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么），Shall约定当事人的义务（应当做什么时候），must 用于强制性义务（必须做什么），may not(或shall not)用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）。May do

不能说成can do，shall do, 不能说成should do 或ought to do，may not do 在美国一些法律文件可以用shall not，但绝不能用can not do或must not)例如，在约定解决争议的途径时的，可以说

The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations.Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be referred to the People's Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs.本句中的shall 和may表达准确。出现争议后应当先行协商，所以采用了义务性“约定”，如果协商解决不了，作为当事人的权利，用选择性约定may也很妥当。如果may和shall调换位置会怎么样？ 前半句的shall换用may后，意思变成了当事人可以通过协商解决，意思上说得过去，但后半句的may换用shall 后，变成了应当诉讼解决，好象一出事，就要先见官，这就有些不友好了。

本句可译：双方首先应通过友好协商，解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。如果协商未果，合同中又无仲裁条款约定或争议发生后未就仲裁达成协方的，可将争议提交有管辖权的人民法院解决。

2． 正式用语（formal term）

合同英语有着严肃的风格，与其它英语作品有很大不同。

例如：

“因为”的短语多用“by virtue of "，远远多于“due to”一般不用“because of ”；

“财务末”一般用“at the close of the fiscal year”，而不用“in the end of the fiscal year”；

“在……之前”一般用“prior to”，而不用“before”；

“关于”常用“as regards”，“concerning”或“relating to”，而不会用“about”；

“事实上”用“in effect”，而不用“in fact”；

“开始”用“commencement”,而不用“start”或“begin”；

“停止做”用“cease to do”，而不用“stop to do”；

“何时开会并由某某主持”的表述为：The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb.其中“召开”不用“hold 或call”，而用“convene”； “主持”不用“chair”或“be in charge of ”，而用“preside”；

“其他事项”用“miscellaneous”, 而不用“other matters/events”；

“理解合同”用“construe a contract” 或“comprehend a contract”，而不用“understand a contract”;

“认为”用“deem”，用“consider”少，不用“think”或“believe”；

“愿意做”用“intend to do”或“desire to do”，而不用“want to do”, “wish to do”。

三、用词专业（technical terms）

合同用词不以大众是否理解和接受为转移，它是合同语言准确表达的保障。如合同出现的“瑕疵”、“救济”、“不可抗力”、“管辖”、“损毁”、“灭失”等就可能让非行业人士费解，在英语以上表达分别为defect、remedy、force majuere/Act of God、jurisdiction、damage and/or loss)。另外几乎每个合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as , whereas, in witness whereof, for and on behalf of , hereby, thereof 等虚词。这也是合同英语的一大特色。

其它例子还有：

“赔偿”用“indemnities”，而不用“compensation”

“不动产转让”用“conveyance”，而不用“transfer of real estate”

“房屋出租”用“tenancy”，而“财产出租”用“lease of property”

“停业”用“wind up a business”或“cease(名词是cessation)a business”,而不用“end/stop a business”

专利许可中的“特许权使用费”只用“royalities”

还款或专利申请的“宽限期”英文“grace”，“当事人在破产中的和解”用“composition”

以实物出资为“investment in kind”

“依照合同相关规定”一般说“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein”等，不说“according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”

“合同任何一方当事人不得转让本合同”英文表述为“Neither party hereto may assign this contract”，其中“hereto”表示“to the contract”，选用“Neither party to the contract”较少。

3． 同义词、近义词、相关词的序列

FOR value RECEIVED，the undersigned does hereby sell, transfer, assign and set over to ______ all his right, tile and interest in and to a certain contract dated ______, 19____ by and between the undersigned and ______，a copy of which is annexed hereto.在这里的同义词和近义词并列（如sell, transfer, assign and set over，right和 tile and interest），在英文合同里十分普遍。这是出于严谨和杜绝漏洞的考虑，有的也属于合同用语的固定模式。如：

This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.句中“made and entered into”和“by and between”两组分别属于同义词和相关词并列。

For and in consideration of mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows: 句中“for and in consideration of ”，“covenants and agreements”三组同义司和近义词并列。

The parties have agreed to vary the Management on the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein.这里的“on the terms”和“subject to the conditions”是一个意思都表示“依照本协议的条款规定”。合同条款的固定模式是“terms and conditions”

再例如：

“Party A wishes to be released and discharged from agreement as from the effective date”，一句中的“release”和“discharge”意思几乎相同。

并列的词还有：

ships and vessels

support and maintenance licenses and permits

charges, fees, costs and expenses any and all any duties, obligations or liabilities

the partners, their heirs, successors and assigns control and management of the partnership

applicable laws, regulations, decrees, directives, and rules

5.拉丁词

在国外合同中，拉丁词仍然是很常见：

比例税率：用pro rate tax rate要比proportional tax rate多

从事慈善性服务的律师：pro bono lawyer，不怎么用lawyer engaged in charitable legal assistance

委托代理人：多用agent ad litem。

From: http:// 11

第三篇：国际经贸英语合同写作翻译

1.保险：由卖方按中国人民保险公司海洋货物运输保险条款照发票总值110%投保综合险及战争险。如买方欲增加其他险别或超过上述保额时须于装船前征得卖方同意，所增加的保险费由买方负担。

Insurance:To be covered by the Sellers for 110% of invoice value against All Risks and War Risk as per the relevant Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the People’s Insurance Company of China.If other coverage or an additional insurance amount is required, the Buyers must have the consent of the Sellers before shipment,and the additional premium is to be borne by the Boyers.2.付款条件：买方应由卖方可接受的银行不可撤销的即期信用证，于装运月份前30天开到卖方并至装运月份后第15天在中国议付有效。

Terms of Payment:The Buyers shall open with a bank acceptable to the Sellers an Irrevocable Sight Letter of Credit to reach the Sellers 30 days before the month of shipment,valid for negotiation in China until the 15 day after the monthe of shipment.3.不可抗力：如由于不可抗力的原因，致使卖方不能全部或部分装运或延迟装运合同货物时，卖方对于这种不能装运或延迟装运不负有责任。但卖方须用传真或电传通知买方，并须在15天内以航空挂号信件向买方提交事故发生地权威机构出具的证明此类事故的证明书。

th

Force Majeure:If shipment of the contracted goods is prevented or delayed in whole or in part due to Force Majeure, the Sellers shall not be liable for non-shipment or late shipment of the goods under this Contract.However,the Sellers shall notify the Buyers by fax or telex and furnish the latter within 15 days by registered airmail with a certificate issued by the competent authourities at the place of occurrence attesting such event or events.4.仲裁:凡因执行本合同所发生的或与本合同有关的一切争议，双方应通过友好协商解决。如果协商不能解决时，应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会根据该会仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁的裁决是终局性的，对双方都有约束力。

Arbitration: All disputes arising out of the performance of , or relating to this Contract, shall be settled amicably through negotiation.In case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for arbitration in accordance with its arbitration rules.The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.5.Payment: The Buyers shall open through the Bank of China, Beijing, an irrevocable letter of credit in favour of the Sellers in US Dollars covering the FOB stowed and trimmed value of each shipment payable against receipt by the issuing Bank of the following shipping documents:(1)A full set(including three copies each of the negotiable and non-negotiable)of clean on board Bill of Lading or Charter Party Bill of Lading in accordance with the charter party , made out to order, blank endorsed, notifying the China National Foreign Trade Transportation Corporation at the port of destination.(2)Provisional invoice covering an amount corresponding to the full value of each shipment,weight 1% less than that in B/L.And quality based on 72% Tribasic Phosphate of Lime.(3)Certificate of quality and weight determination issued by the Sellers at the port of loading.The Buyers shall open the relative letter of credit latest 20 days before the arrival of the carrying vessel at the port of loading with validity for 90 days from the date of opening.5.We hereby agree with the drawers, endorsers and bona fide holders of drafts/documents drawn under and in compliance with the terms and conditions of this credit that such drafts/documents will be duly honoured on due presentation.我们特此同意出票人、背书人和善意持有人和下的汇票/单据符合信用证的条款和条件,这种将承兑汇票/文档表示。

6.According to the ICC Model International Sales Contract(Manufactured Goods for resale),the liquidated damages to be claimed by the Buyer against the seller shall be 0.5% per week with a maximum amount of 5% of the price of the delayed goods in case of delay in delivery or non-delivery of the goods.根据ICC模型国际销售合同(转售制成品),声称的违约金由买方对卖方应当0.5%每周最多数量的5%的迟延交付的货物的价格,交货延迟或不能交货的货物。

7.claim(索赔）的用法(1)用作可数名词，表示索赔。写作时，要注意动词的搭配：提出索赔用file，lodge,make, put forward,put in 等，拒绝索赔用reject，放弃索赔用 give up,waive,撤回索赔用withdraw,解决索赔用settle。介词的搭配：向某人提出索赔用against,对某物提出索赔用on,索赔的原因和索赔的金额用for等。例如： Buyers have lodged a claim against Sellers on this shipment for US$10,000 for short weight 由于短重，买方向卖方对这批船货提出索赔一万美元。(2)用作及物动词，表示索赔。例如：

Buyers claim US$900 against Sellers for inferiority of quality.买方因品质低劣向卖方索赔900美元。

8.Privity 共同利益关系

The relationship hereby established between Supplier and Distributor, during the effective period of this Agreement, shall be solely that of Seller and Buyer, and Distributor shall under no circumstances be considered to the agent or legal representative of Supplier for any purpose whatsoever and shall have no right or authority to create or assume any obligation or responsibility of any kind,expressed or implied, in the name of or on behalf of Supplier

特此建立供应商和经销商之间的关系,在本协议的有效期内,应单独买卖,和经销商应当在任何情况下被认为供应商的代理人或法定代表人任何目的并没有权利或权力创建或承担任何义务或责任,表达或暗示的名义或代表供应商。

9.Prohibition of Re-export 禁止出口

Distributor shall sell Products only in Territory and shall not, directly or indirectly, resell or re-export Products to any place or country outside Territory, nor shall resell Products to any other person, firm or corporation in Territory, whom Distributor, to the best of his knowledge and belief, knows and has reason to believe to have the intent to resell or re-export Products to any place or country outside Territory.经销商销售产品只有在领土和不得直接或间接地转售或再出口产品以外的任何地方或国家的领土,也不可转售产品到任何其他的人,公司或公司的领土,谁的经销商,他的最好的知识和信仰,知道,有理由相信目的转售或再出口产品以外的任何地方或国家的领土。

10.Bid Bond A bond in the amount of US$50,000 is required when the bid is submitted.The bond shall be handed in the form of a Bank Surety transmitted through an Ethiopian Bank.The amount covered by the Surety is refundable to those bidders who are not the winner, as soon as the bids are opened and the winner is made known.In the case of the winner, the amount is refunded after a contract has been signed and the necessary performance bond is provided.债券50000美元的投标时需要提交。债券应当交银行担保的形式通过一个埃塞俄比亚银行。被保证人覆盖量退还那些投标人不是赢家,一旦被打开和获胜者是已知的。的赢家,合同签订后的金额退还和必要的履约保证书。

11.Performance Bond Performance bond amounting to 10% of the total value of the works bid upon is required when signing the contract.性能债券占总价值的10%的投标工作时需要签订合同。

12.The Employer shall make a prepayment of 20% of the contract value to the Contract within 10 days after signing this Contract.The Contractor shall furnish the Employer with a bank’s Letter of Guarantee to be valid till the date of full reimbursement of the amount of prepayment.The reimbursement of the prepayment shall be effected by deducting the monthly payments made by the Employer to the Contractor for the completed portion of the Works in the same percentage as the prepayment bears to the total contract value.雇主应预付20%合同金额在合同签订后10天内本合同。承包商应向雇主提供银行保函有效直到全部报销的日期提前还款的金额。提前还款的还款应影响扣除每月由雇主支付的承包商完成部分工作在相同的比例预付熊总合同价值。

13.The term of the lease shall be ten years commencing from the date of the Bill of Lading referred to in Article 4.The total rent shall be Japanese Yen to be paid in twenty equal instalments by telegraphic transfer to Party B’s account with the bank designated by Party B.Each instalment shall be paid by PartyA within every six months after the date of the Bill of Lading.If Party A delays in paying any of the instalments, it shall pay Party B interest for the delayed time at the rate of one percent over and above the long-term prime rate of the said Japanese bank.十年租赁期限应当自提单之日起4条。总租金应当在20日元支付同等的分期付款电汇到乙方的账户与银行指定的党B.每个分期付款应当在每六个月后未经甲方支付的日期的提单。如果甲方延迟支付的分期付款,应支付乙方对延迟时间的速度百分之一以上的长期优惠利率说日本银行。

14.Registered Capital of the Company, Investment Contributed by the Parties,Proportion of Investment and Form of Investment of the Parties 4.1 The registered capital of the Company shall be Renminbi....yuan 4.2 Party A shall contribute 30% of the registered capital of the Company in the sum of Renminbi...Yuan ,and Party B shall contribute 70% of the registered capital of the Company in the sum of Renminbi...yuan The investment to be contributed by Party B shall be in Hong Kong dollars calculated in Renminbi at the median of the selling and buying exchange rates announced by the State General Administration of Exchange Control on the date of contribution.公司的注册资本、投资贡献了当事人,当事人的投资和形式的投资比例 4.1公司的注册资本应当人民币....元

4.2甲方提供公司的注册资本的30%金额的人民币…元,乙方应提供公司的注册资本的70%金额的人民币…元

投资由乙方应当在港元以人民币计算的平均汇率买卖国家外汇管理总局公布的日期的贡献。

第四篇：英语--翻译

1、男孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母拦住了。（attempt）

The boys attempted to leave for camping, but were stopped by their parents.2、学生们对这种新的教学法的反映就是他们变得更自信了。（react to）

The students’ reaction to the new teaching method is that they become more confident.3、没人接电话意味着一家人都外出了。（imply）

The fact that nobody answered the telephone implied the family were out.4、我们必须日夜兼程才能准时到达目的地。（on time）

We must travel day and night to reach the destination on time.5、虽然他被敌人包围着，但是他并不害怕。（as）

Surrounded as he was by the enemy, he was not afraid.6、是否就是他抢劫了银行还有待证明。（remain）

It remained to be proved whether it is he who has robbed the bank.7、你应该找他看牙齿，他被认为是城里最好的牙医。（think of…as）

You ought to see him, for he is thought of as the best dentist in the city.8、从孩子出生起，她的父母就分居了。（be separated from）

The child’s parents have been separated from each other since she was born.9、即使你不成功，我们仍然支持你。（even if/even though）

Even if you lose, we’ll still support you.10、有十个人申请这份兼职工作。（apply）There are ten people who applied for the part time job.11、从这里到学校至少要二十分钟。（at least）It takes at least twenty minutes to get to school from here.12、他的想法跟我的不一致。（conform）His ideas don’t conform to mine.13、当她读这个故事时禁不住哭了。（can’t help）She couldn’t help crying when she was reading the story.14、我们走了就没人欣赏你的这些幽默故事了。（appreciate）Nobody would appreciate your funny stories if we leave.15、这个产品在质量上比那个产品好多了。（superior）This product is superior to that one.16、他父亲的去世让他伤心之极。（overwhelm）He was overwhelmed by his father’s death.

第五篇：翻译英语

With an elevation of more than 2000 meters, Lily bulbs, planted by cooperatives,is found in Er’yin mountains of Guan mountain, which is the provenance belonged to Lan Zhou reserve and in the east of Yong Jing county, Gan Su province.Owing to the unique geography in Guan mountains, the period of Lily growth is five years, therefore, all the products here are characterized by white color luscious taste,and full petals.Lily contains so much nutritional goodness such as amylum, proteide, fattiness, sweets, calcium, phosphorus,iron, colchicin and other alkaloids.Besides, the dietary property and the officinal value of this flower are extremely high.This flower could also bring the positive effects:antipyretic, antidotal, moistening lung, improving looks, relieving cough and reducing sputum, calming the nerve.Lily has been the superb cuisine among commons as well as in the state banquet from the ancient times;known as “the superb in cuisine, the panax in dishes”, Lily is the first for junketing and presenting.