2014英语专题指导 之阅读理解9-10

第一篇：2014英语专题指导 之阅读理解9-10

2014英语专题指导 之阅读理解9推理判断题训练

难度值：较难推荐度：五星

Last night’s meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothsclild, Emerald Valley’s mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“My family was so frustrated,” admitted town resident Duane Cosby, “We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointments.”

Astronomers---scientists who study stars and planets----have been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.This population consists of birds, bats frogs, snakes, etc.For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的)birds.According to the International Dark-Sky Association.“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”

Countless more animals casualties(伤亡）result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans;too They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase person’s chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.A.the city’s lights affected the meteor watchingB.the meteors flew past before being noticed

C.the city light show attracted many peopleD.the meteor watching ended up a social outing

42.What do the astronomers complain about?

A.Meteor showers occur less often than beforeB.Their observation equipment is in poor repair

C.Light pollution has remained unsolved for yearsD.Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting

43.What the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?

A.Birds may take other migration pathsB.Animal’living habits may change suddenly

C.Varieties of animals will become sharply reducedD.Animals’survival is threatened by outdoor lighting

.A.Lessen the chance of getting cancerB.create an ideal observation condition

C.ensure citizens a good sleep at nightD.enable all creatures to live in harmony

45.What message does the author most want to give us?

A.Saving wildlife is saving ourselvesB.Great efforts should be made to save energyC.Human activities should be environmentally friendlyD.New equipment should be introduced for space study

【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，题材是灯光污染与环境保护。本文主要介绍了灯光污染给天文学家、人类、其它生物所带来的不良影响。以及人们为解决此问题所采取的措施等。2013天津卷B

【解析】ACDBC

41.推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干关键词last night快速定位第一段。根据第一段最后一句可知“城市的夜空被灯点缀的是如此明亮以至于暗淡了头上飞过的流星的光亮，因此影响了人们观星”。

42.推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干关键词astronomers快速定位第三段。根据they say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects … they could see quite easily in the past.可以推断灯光污染问题一直没有得到解决，这才是他们所抱怨的。其他选项原文根本没有提到，属于无中生有的。

43.推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干快速定位第四段。第四段驻澳讲述了灯光污染对于鸟类、蝙蝠、青蛙、蛇等的影响，尤其严重影响你鸟类的迁徙，最后一句话“每年北美大约有一亿的鸟在与被灯光点缀的建筑物或是高塔的撞击中死亡”因此可以推断选项是正确的。

44.推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干中的大写Flagstaff, Arizona快速定位文章最后一段…Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory可知推行此规定的目的是为天文学家更好的观察服务的。

45.推理判断作者意图题。难度：较难。文章主要讲的是灯光污染给人类和其它生物带来的影响，而灯光的直接造成原因就是人类本身，因此作者写本文主要是要告知人们人类的活动应该要注意环保。其它三项的内容均与本文无关。

【难句学习】

1.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing

overhead.翻译：城市的灯光时如此的明亮以至于头顶飞过的流星的亮度被削弱，因此人们看到的只是被点亮的夜空而不是流星分析：本句的是一个由what引导的主语从句，what作found的宾语。so …that引导结果状语从句。passing overhead是非谓语动词作后置定语。darken是动词。

2.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.翻译：天文学家说光污染阻止了他们去看过去很容易就可以看到的天空中的目标。

分析：本句中say后面的that引导的是一个宾语从句。而sky后面的that引导的是一个定语从句，先行词是objects，that在从句中作see的宾语。

3.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.翻译：可是除了专业和业余的观星者外，还有一个群体遭受着甚至更为严重的光污染的影响。

分析：本句是一个there be 特殊结构。that引导的是一个定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是population。

4.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of getting cancer.翻译：他们担心在睡觉的时候如果有太多的光亮的话可能会增加一个人得癌症的机会。

分析：本句中worry 后面的that引导的是一个宾语从句，while sleeping引导的是时间状语从句的省略结构。of getting cancer是chances的后置定语。

5.a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.译：此外，一个运动正在进行中，目的是为了提醒我们不用灯的时候要关掉它，这样其它生物也能共享夜晚。分析：句中to remind是不定式作目的状语。when we are…是when引导时间状语从句，so that引导目的状语从句。

推理判断 属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，考生要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。

近年的高考题中常出现以下五种推理判断题:

一.推断隐含意义或深层意义二.推断作者观点或态度三.推断文段作用或作者写作意图

四．推断文章出处和来源五.推测文段前后的内容

一.推断隐含意义或深层意义

1.提问方式这类题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语,常见的提问方式有：

①.It can be inferred / concluded from the passage / text that.②.From the text we know that …is most likely.③.When the writer talks about …, what the writer really means is.④.The writer suggests that.⑤.The story implies that.⑥.We can infer / conclude from the passage that.技巧点拨推断隐含意义或深层意义要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论。推理的方法大致可分为：简单推理和复杂推理。解题时一定要掌握文章的内涵，做到：①吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。②全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，断章取义，以偏概全。.③要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，要善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。④判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。⑤要体会文章的基调,揣摸作者的态度,悟出作者的弦外之音，不可直接选取文中的原句作为答案

1.With some fine-tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the

researchers say.A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind.who studies smells of flowers and plants.Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.【09全国卷C篇】

1.We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose_____.A.is unable to tell the smell of flowersB.is not yet used in greenhouses

C.is designed by scientists at PurdueD.is helpful in killing harmful insects

2.After he retired, Hoy stayed busy.He ran a dairy farm near Cincinnati for 20 years.He also became a public speaker and traveled giving speeches.Until a few years before his death, he took 4 and 10 mile walks several mornings a week.0n

December 15, 1961,William E.Hoy died at the age of 99.2.We can infer from the last paragraph that Hoy _______ in his late years.A.became famousB.led a relaxed lifeC.traveled around the worldD.was in good physical condition

二、推断作者观点或态度

1.提问方式 What is the author’s attitude toward…?What is the author’s opinion about…?

The author’s attitude towards the speaker’s remarks is…What does the author think about…?

Which of the following is the author’s view on…?Which of the following is the author’s advice to the reader?

Why does the author say that…?

技巧点拨一般而言，作者的态度与观点可以通过文章主旨句和段落主题句等显性标志予以判断，但是有时主旨句本身隐含在字里行间，需要综合上下文信息及作者的措词（如词义褒贬等主观词汇）才能辩别出来。表达作者态度和观点的形容词常有：Objective（客观的），subjective（主观的)，neutral（中立的）；positive(积极的)negative（消极的）approval（赞成的），disapproval（不赞成的），indifferent（冷漠的），sarcastic（讽刺的），critical(批评的)，optimistic（乐观的），pessimistic（悲观的）等。总之，判断作者的观点、态度，应当用联系的观点、综合的方法来进行，而不能依靠只言片语，主观臆断

3.As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am.In 1962 at the Nobel prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin.Watson wrote his book laughing at her.Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklins was only two steps away from the solution.”

“No, Franklin was the solution.” She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA.She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says.This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a

Nobel Prize himself.Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.【09浙江卷E篇】

3.What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?

A.Disapproving.B.Respectful.C.Admiring.D.Doubtful.2014高考英语专题指导 之阅读理解10推理判断题训练

三.推断文段作用或作者写作意图

1.提问方式 The first / last paragraph serves as a（n）_________What is the purpose of writing this article? _______

The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____.In writing the passage, the author intends to _____

2.技巧点拨

①不同的文段在全文中可能会起到：引言/介绍（introduction），举例(example)，对比(comparison)，反衬（contrast）, 结论（conclusion）,评论（comment）,背景（background）,论证（demonstration）等作用。

②不同体裁的文章可能有不同的写作意图, 但写作意图概括起来通常有to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章；to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）, 常见于广告类的文章。to inform readers（告知读者某些信息），多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。判断这类文章的写作目的一定要基于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时务必要找准文章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以归纳。

4.Foreign drivers will have a pay on-the-spot fines of up to ￡900 for breaking the traffic law to be carried out next month.If they do not have enough cash or a working credit card, their vehicles will clamped（扣留）until they pay law takes

effect ,because the money would be returned if the driver went to court and was found not guilty.In practice, very few foreign drivers are likely to return to Britain to deal with their eases.The law will also apply to British citizens.The fines will be described …

Foreign vehicles are 30 percent more likely to be in a crash than British-registered vehicles…

The new Law is partly intended to settle the problem of foreign lorry divers… 【09福建B篇】

4.This paragraph serves as a（n）_________

A.explanationB.introductionC.commentD.background.5.（广东卷）“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said.5The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.A.test the readers’ knowledge about wavesB.draw the readers’ attention to the topic

C.show Jamie Taylor’s importanceD.invite the readers to answer them

四．推断文章出处和来源

1.提问方式 The passage is most likely to be found in_______.The passage is most likely to be taken from/out of______.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of ___.2.解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：①报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。② 广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认。③产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。④网络www.xiexiebang.com, micro-blog , micro-message ,wechat ,e-books, click here，Internet，web, website, update，upload,download,online

6.When people hear a president speak, they seldom think about others helping to shape the presentation（报告）Today, however, presidents depend on writers such as J.Terry Edmonds to help them communicate（交流）effectively.Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U.S.president;he is so the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for White House.His is an all-American story of success.Edmonds grew up in Baltimore, Maryland;his father drove a truck, and his mother worked as a waitress.A.great reader, Edmonds showed a gift for writing at his high

School, Baltimore City College After graduating in 1967 Edmonds went on to Morgan State University09陕西卷B篇

6.The text is most likely to be found in a book about___________

A.popular scienceB.historical eventsC.successful peopleD.political systems

7.Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them.To reduce pain, take two tablets(药片)with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required.For night-time and early morning relief(缓解疼痛)take two tablets at bedtime.Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount(量).For children under six years old, ask your doctor’s advice.Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.7This text is most probably taken from a ______

A.textbookB.newsreelC.doctor’s notebookD.bottle of medicine

3.北京朝阳综合)

8.People are making more and more demands on the world's natural resources.If babies bom in 1991 live for eighty years, the human population of the world may be anything from twice to three times the present total by 2070.In other words, they will have to share what is left of the earth's resources with 15 billion other people.But hopefully there will be an important decrease in the growth of population.What if this does not happen? The answer is that by the time before the babies born in 1991 reach the age of 40 they could be sharing resources with as many as 10 billion other people.Limiting the pollution of water and the atmosphere, controlling the output of the chemicals that may be causing the

global warming and climate change, and eating less meat may go some to help, but can anyone seriously imagine that these are going to solve the problems of the “baby class” of 1991 ?

There is no getting away from the fact that people are responsible(对......负责)for the present state of the world, and only

people can solve the problems.The decisions have to be taken by people as members of national and local governments;as leaders and decision-makers in industry;as scientists and technologists;as professional engineers and designers;as reli-gious(宗教的)leaders and individual citizens.8.This short passage is probably taken from _______.A.a news reportB.a guide to the worldC.an article by a medical workerD.a government report

五.推测文段前后的内容

1.提问方式 If you were to continue the passage, what would you write about…?

The next paragraph would most probably deal with _______

The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss______.2.解题技巧推测文段后的内容：根据作者的思路进行推理，关注最后一段，特别是文段最后的一句话。

推测文段前的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段开始的一句话。

9.高考实例（2010湖北241223113）

… In this article.I'll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some

ways out of the trap.The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things.Examples include the color of the teen's hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child's failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends.Second, blaming.The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong.Third, needing to be right, It doesn't matter what the topic is-politics.The laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg-the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong.for both wish to be considered an authority-someone who actually knows something-and therefore to

command respect.Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they'll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress

9.What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

A.Causes for the parent-teen conflictsB.Examples of the parent-teen war.C.Solutions for the parent-teen problemsD.Future of the parent-teen relationship

☆ 真题实战：浙江卷

You are from a middle class family, and live in a normal size home without any showy possessions, but you are

surrounded by surprising consumption.This contrast is beginning to bother your 6-year-old son.You are worried that he will want to live as they do, and wonder if you should move.Sometimes big pocket money, joyful birthday parties, special playrooms and super-big houses tell you that your

neighbors probably have more money than you do, and that they're not as careful as you are with money, but you may find that they cook and dig in the garden with their children just as often as you do, talk with them as freely and read to them every night.Or you may find that some of these parents stay in on wing of their big house while children play by himself, way off in a wing of his own.In that unfortunate case, he is basically growing up alone without being looked after properly, but this can happen to a child who lives in a normal-size house, too, if he has a TV,a computer and a few video games in his room.Even the most caring parent doesn't walk in and out of it to see what show her child is watching, what Internet site he has found and if he's playing that video game.Too much uncontrolled screen then may lead to a certain loss of innocence(天真), and if it doesn't, you might decide to move.Don't judge your neighbor too harshly(严厉地), though.There some things that are right with almost any neighbor and some things that are wrong with the best of them.---like those super-big houses.The wealth of their owners----and the way save some of the money, give some to people who don't have enough and use the rest to pay for whatever the family needs.Children want-----should be provided with----explanations when their parents don't give them what they want.57.What is the problem with the worried parent in the text?

A.Her house isn't as big as her rich neighbor's.B.Her son is left alone without anyone in charge.C.She can't provide her son with a special playroom.D.She worries about the effect of her neighbor on her son.58.In paragraphs 2 and 3, the author seems to agree that parents should _______.A.spend more time with their children.B.give their children more freedom.C.work hard to live a richer life.D.set an example for their children to follow

59.By saying “throw money round”(paragraph 5)the author means that rich people_____.A.spend money carelesslyB.save money for their children

C.help the poor people willinglyD.leave money all around the house

60.What is the main idea the author aims to express in the text?

A.Children are unfortunate to have poor parents.B.Children should enjoy their comfortable life.C.Children need proper guidance form their parents.D.Children feel ashamed of themselves in a rich neighborhood.DAAC

第二篇：考研英语阅读理解之经济类文章的复习指导

考研英语阅读理解之经济类文章的复习指导

万学海文

考研阅读经济类文章往往是提出现象，对现象进行说明，分析其产生原因，并对这种现象加以讨论，解释说明现象时往往在段首提出段落中心或观点，之后使用数据加以说明。用词往往是经济类术语，且包含表达数值变化的词。经济类文章占有很大比重，纵观十年真题阅读，几乎每年都有经济类文章，其中阅读A部分就有5篇是关于经济方面的文章，如2007年Text 4，2004年Text 3等。然而很多学生对经济类文章内容陌生，由于对于背景知识不了解，往往看了文章后一头雾水，解题无从下手。

那么，同学们应该如何复习考研阅读经济类文章，才能在考试中沉稳应对呢？

一、词汇储备

经济类文章复习，首先要了解经济类术语，将每年真题中出现的经济类词汇列出来，加以记忆，熟悉其含义和用法。此外，要了解一些词在经济类文章中的特定含义，如captive基本义为“大写字母”，但在经济中指“资本”, interest基本义为“兴趣”，但在经济类文章中一般指“利率”, figure基本义为“人物”，但在经济类文章常表示“数值”，swing一词指“摇摆不定”，用在经济类文章中常指经济趋势。还有，学生还需了解一下表示变化的词汇或短语，如表示增长，减少，稳定的表达法。

二、背景知识

平时在复习过程中，对于经济类文章进行归结，拿十篇文章经济类文章，放在一起阅读，对文章特点以及内容进行分析领悟，掌握一定的背景知识。

三、解题技巧

要做好经济类考研文章，在熟悉词汇意思，以及分析好句子结构的基础上，关键要抓住文章核心，即文章整体以及各段主要在说什么，也要注意段落之间的逻辑关系。如2002年考研真题阅读Text3,第一题考察第一二段的逻辑关系，文章第一段提到石油供应量减少导致石油涨价，而文章第二段开头提到：the oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.这句话表明伊拉克暂停石油出口促使油价进一步提高，题目中问石油价格上涨的主要原因是什么，干扰项D选项（Iraq’s suspension of exports）就不能选，因为从逻辑（another push）来讲，D选项内容并不是主要原因。

第三篇：英语阅读理解之综合训练一

英语阅读理解之综合训练一

一.先通读，后细读

If you know me well, you know I don't like birthday parties.At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me.① I enjoy them when they’re for other people, but when they’re for me, I just don't like them.I remember one birthday party some friends of mine had for me when I was a student at the university.Of course, I had told my best friend Henry that I didn't want a party and I made him promise he wouldn't do anything.He agreed.I should have known better than to believe him.②

On the day of my birthday, we got home from school at about, oh, I don't know, three or half past three.We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom and started to close the door when suddenly from behind the shower curtain(浴帘), a kind of strange female(女)voice started singing, “Happy birthday to you, happy birthday to you.”

And then from all over the room, people joined in.There were about fifteen people hiding everywhere in the room.They had got my roommate's key and got in earlier.They had all planned to come out of the hiding place just at the same time while singing.I guess I really upset their plans by going in just to wash my hands.③

1.Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A.I got home from school at 3 or 3:30 on the day of my birthday.B.I dislike birthday parties held for me.C.Henry agreed that he would not do anything on my birthday.D.I knew there were some of my friends hiding in my room.2.I usually went into the ______ when I got home from school.A.living room

B.bedroom

C.bathroom

D.diningroom

3.What did my friends plan to do?

A.They planned to leave the room as soon as possible.B.They planned to sing as loudly as they could.C.They planned to eat in the bathroom.D.They had planned to come out of hiding places together.难句注释

① At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me.至少我不喜欢为我开的生日晚会。

② I should have known better than to believe him.我本应知道他要做什么而不该相信他的。

should have known是虚拟语气，意为“本应知道而未知”。

③ I really upset their plans by going in...我进去只是洗一下手，却真的打乱了他们的计划。

二.略读: 在运用这一方法阅读文章时，要特别注意：①文章的标题；②文章的首句或引导性段落；③文章尾部的结论性词语；④反映段落中心思想的主题句。如果我们找到了每段的主题句，再将这些主题句集中在一起，就差不多能够把握住全文的中心内容了。

Some British and American people like to invite friends for a meal at home.But you should not be upset(难受的)if your English friends don't invite you home.It doesn't mean they don't like you!

Dinner parties usually start between 7 and 8 p.m., and end at about 11.Ask your hosts what time you should arrive.It's polite to bring flowers, chocolates or a bottle of wine as a gift.Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks(小吃).① Do you want to be more polite? Say how much you like the room, or the picture on the wall.But remember—its not polite to ask how much things cost.In many families, the husband sits at one end of the table and the wife sits at the other end.They eat with their guests.You'll probably start the meal with soup or something small, then you'll have meat or fish with vegetables, and then dessert, followed by coffee.It's polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want it.②

Did you enjoy the evening? Call your hosts the next day, or write them a short thankyou letter.British and American people like to say “ Thank you, thank you, thank you.”all the time!

1.If you are going to attend a dinner party,____.A.you‟d better bring a certain present with you

B.you must leave home for it at 7 p.m.C.you should ask your host when you should leave

D.you must arrive at it before 8 p.m.2.In which order will you eat or drink the following things at the meal?

A.Snacks, vegetables, meat and coffee.B.Coffee, drinks, soup, fish, vegetables and dessert.C.Soup, meat with vegetables, dessert and coffee.D.Drinks, soup, something small, fish and vegetables.3.Which is the correct way in which you express your enjoyment of the evening?

A.Before leaving for home, you should say, “Thank you for inviting me.”

B.When you shake hands with your host, you should say, “I did enjoy the evening.”

C.You can write a thank-you letter to your host after that.D.You should finish everything on your plate and take more if you want it.难句注释

① Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks.通常晚宴都是以一些饮料和小吃开始的。② Its polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want it.礼貌的做法是吃完你盘里的所有食物，如果还想吃的话再添一些。句首的it是形式主语。

三.查读: 查读(scanning)，也称为扫描式阅读，是指用较短的时间快速扫视文章，查找具体信息或相关事实与细节的阅读技巧。查读有一定的目的性，是带着问题寻找答案的阅读方法，在考试中具有很高的实用价值。

Last year I went to Nepal(尼泊尔)for three months to work in a hospital.I think it's important to see as much of a country as you can, but it is difficult to travel around Nepal.The hospital let me have a few days holiday, so I decided to go into the jungle(丛林)and I asked a Nepalese guide, Kamal Rai, to go with me.We started our trip at six in the morning with two elephants carrying our equipment.It was hot, but Kamal made me wear shoes and trousers to protect me from snakes.① In the jungle there was a lot of wildlife, but we were trying to find big cats, especially tigers.We climbed onto the elephants backs to see better, but it is unusual to find tigers in the afternoon because they sleep in the daytime.Then, in the distance, we saw a tiger, and Kamal told me to be very quiet.We moved nearer and found a dead deer.This was the tigers lunch!I started to feel very frightened.We heard the tiger a second before we saw it.It jumped out suddenly, five hundred kilos plus and four meters long.It grabbed(咬住)Kamal's leg between its teeth, but I succeeded(成功)in pulling Kamal away.② One of our elephants ran at the tiger and made it go back into the grass, so we quickly escaped to let the tiger eat its lunch.That night it was impossible to sleep.1.The writer of the passage must be____.A.a Nepalese doctor

B.a foreign tourist

C.a Nepalese traveler D.a foreign doctor 2.What made the writer suddenly start to feel very frightened? A.He heard the noise of the tiger.B.He saw the tiger in the distance.C.He realized that they were in danger.D.He knew that the tiger was in danger.3.What was unusual about the tiger?

A.It hunted a deer on a hot afternoon.B.It was 500 kilos plus and four meters long.C.It was afraid of an elephant.D.It almost killed the Nepalese guide.难句注释

① It was hot, but Kamal made me wear shoes and trousers to protect me from snakes.尽管天很热，但Kamal却让我穿上了长裤和鞋以保护自己不受蛇的伤害。

② It grabbed Kamals leg between its teeth, but I succeeded in pulling Kamal away.它紧紧咬住Kamal 的腿，可我还是成功地将Kamal 拉走了。

四.默读：专家认为，做阅读理解不应该是读，而应该是看。默读有利于发展阅读者的内部语言，有利于强化理解，有利于提高阅读速度。测试表明，我们朗读时，一分钟能念125个字就已很不错了，而默读时，每分钟可读150个字以上，有人阅读小说时甚至可达每分钟600字。

As one comes to some crossroads, he or she sees a sign which says that drivers have to stop when they come to the main road ahead.① At other crossroads, drivers have to go slow, but they do not actually have to stop unless, of course, there is something coming along the main road;and at still others, they do not have either to stop or to go slow, because they are themselves on the main road.Mr Williams, who was always a very careful driver, was driving home from work one evening when he came to a crossroad.It had a “SLOW” sign.He slowed down when he came to the main road, looked both ways to see that nothing was coming, and then drove across without stopping completely.At once he heard a police whistle(口哨声), so he pulled into the side of the road and stopped.② A policeman walked over to him with a notebook and a pen in his hand and said, “You didnt stop at that crossing.”

“But the sign there doesn't say „STOP‟.” answered Mr Williams, “It just says „SLOW‟, and I did go slow.”

The policeman looked around him, and a look of surprise came over his face.③ Then he put his notebook and pen away, scratched(抓)his head and said, “Well，I'm in the wrong street！”

1.Mr Williams was driving ____ one evening.A.to a party

B.to his office

C.home after work

D.to work from home 2.When he was stopped by a policeman, he ____.A.was driving at a high speed

B.was driving onto the main road

C.was going to stop his car

D.was driving slowly

3.Though slowly, Mr Williams continued driving at the crossing because____.A.he didn't see any “STOP” sign there

B.he paid no attention to the traffic rules

C.he didn't have to stop

D.he was eager to get home 4.Looking round Mr Williams, the policeman was surprised because____.A.he met a mad man

B.he realized that he himself was mistaken

C.Mr Williams dared to speak to him like that

D.Mr Williams would not apologize to him 难句注释

①a sign which says that drivers have to stop when they come to the main road ahead.一个让驾驶员到了主干道就得停下来的标牌。

②pull into the side of the road and stop 转向路边并停了下来

③The policeman looked around him, and a look of surprise came over his face.这个警察朝他的周围看了看，脸上露出惊讶的表情。

五.注意阅读速度：

一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效地吸收有用信息。合理的快速阅读可以使阅读者思想高度集中，在阅读中积极思维，不时作出归纳、演绎、对比、推测，正确理解篇章大意。没有一定的阅读速度，就不能顺利地输入信息，阅读理解的成效也会大大地降低。

高考要求每分钟读60个字，但我们在平常练习时应达到并超过这个基本标准，以便在高考中能给自己挤出更多时间去进行思考。我们要培养快速阅读的能力，就必须克服指读、回读、重读等不良习惯，不要把注意力过度集中在孤立的单词上，以致于对整句、整段的意思把握不清。与此同时，我们还应注意运用多种阅读技巧，如略读、扫读、跳读等来搜寻关键词、主题句，理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

Julia lived in the countryside, but one year she decided to visit the capital city to do some shopping and to see the sights.She stayed at a hotel near the central market.She had seldom been to the city before, and was very excited about what she would find.On the first morning of her visit, as she walked from the hotel to the market, she passed a beggar(乞丐).He was holding up a notice, which said, “Blind from birth.Please give generously(慷慨地).①”

Julia felt sorry for the blind beggar and she bent down and put a dollar coin into his bowl.“Thank you.” he said.The same thing happened again the following day.On the third day, however, Julia did not have a dollar coin.She had only fifty cents, so she dropped this into the beggars bowl.“What have I done wrong?” the beggar said, “Why are you so stingy(吝啬的)today?” Julia was very surprised at what the beggar said.“How do you know I haven't given you a dollar?” she said, “If you’re blind you can't know what coin I put into your bowl.” “Ah,” explained the beggar,“The truth is that I'm not blind.I'm just looking after this place for the regular beggar while he’s on holiday.②” “On holiday?” Julia said, “And what exactly does your blind friend do on holiday?”

“He goes into the countryside,” the man said, “and takes photographs.He's a very good photographer.”

1.Where was the beggar sitting? A.Between Julia's hotel and the market.B.In the busiest part of the city.C.Outside the shops.D.In the market.2.On the first two days, ____.A.the blind man waited for Julia

B.Julia gave the blind man some money C.the blind man demanded money from Julia

D.Julia gave him nothing 3.On the third day, the blind man____.A.accepted Julia's fifty cents quite happily

B.noticed that Julia had only given him fifty cents C.refused Julia's fifty cents

D.also received one dollar from Julia 难句注释

① He was holding up a notice, which said, “Blind from birth.Please give generously.” 他举着一个告示，上面写着“生来双目失明，请慷慨解囊！”。

② I’m just looking after this place for the regular beggar while he’s on holiday.那个经常在这儿的乞丐度假去了，我只是帮他照看一下场子。

自我检测:

时间： 20 分钟

共17题

对_______题

认识_______新单词 Passage 1

If you do not use your arms or your legs for some time, they become weak;when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again.Everybody knows that.Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way.When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it.When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong.If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his fault.But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame, and few of us know that it is just his own fault.Have you ever found that some people can't read or write but they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things;they cannot write them down in a little notebook.They have to remember days, names, songs and stories;so their memory is the whole time being exercised.1.The main reason for one's poor memory is that ______.A.his father or mother may have a poor memory

B.he does not use his arms or legs for some time C.his memory is not often used

D.he can't read or write 2.If you do not use your arms or legs for some time, _______.A.you can't use them any more

B.they will become stronger C.they will become weak and won't become strong until you use them again D.they will become weak but they slowly become strong again 3.Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Your memory works in the same way as your arms or legs.B.Your memory like your arms or legs, becomes weak if you do not give it enough chance for practice.C.Don't learn how to read and write if you want to have a better memory.D.A good memory comes from more practice.4.Some people can't read or write, but they usually have better memories, because_______.A.they have saved much trouble

B.they have saved much time to remember things C.they have to use their memories all the time

D.they can't write everything in a little notebook 5.Give the best title for this passage.A.Don't Stop Using Your Arms Or Legs

B.How To Have A Good Memory C.Strong Arms And Good Memories

D.Learn From The People 词汇扩展

① memory n.记忆力 ② fault n.过错

③ blame v.受指责 ④ title n.标题 Passage 2

Fish hear sounds, though they have simply no ears outside their bodies.However, fish do have ears inside their bodies, near the brain, and they hear very well with them.Some fish have been taught to recognize the difference between sounds better than some human beings do.Many underwater animals make noises only by chance while they are doing something else.Other sounds are real communications of a simple sort, telling one fish of the presence and direction of another.A few noises may be warning messages or discovery of food, etc.The earliest scientific report on fish sounds referred to one of these.A new field in science is learning to recognize and use underwater birds and other land creatures by their calls.But this method is a greater challenge than bird-watching, for many of the animals of the sea cannot be followed in any other known way.Their voices cry for attention.Yet we still have too little knowledge about many of the call makers which will some day be made known more fully.It is as though the great oceans were for daring man to invade them and to learn the secrets of the place from which his forefathers came so long ago.1.After reading the passage, we can conclude that _______.A.many fish often make meaningless noises

B.sound cannot pass through some fish bodies C.sound waves can easily be felt by fish bodies

D.some fish can easily understand some land creatures' calls 2.Recognizing underwater animals _______.A.is totally different from recognizing land creatures by their calls B.is more difficult than recognizing land creatures by their calls C.will change people's knowledge of fish

D.is more or less a battle 3.One of the earliest scientific reports on fish sounds was about ______.A.noises made occasionally by underwater animals

B.some sort of communication between fish C.the difference between sounds

D.what sort of fish the call maker was 4.From the last sentence, we can learn that_______.A.the human beings have invaded the oceans for long

B.more secrets of the great oceans are to be found out C.only very brave people can make use of the great ocean D.people are fighting each other to become the masters of the great oceans 词汇扩展

① presence n.存在 ② invade v.涌入

Passage 3

If you are like most people, your intelligence is different from season to season.You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of the year.A well-known scientist, Ellsworth Huntington(1876－1947), concluded from other men's work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have an obvious effect on our mental abilities.He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than summer heat.This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in the summer than they are during the rest of the year.It does mean, however, that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in the summer.Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking.One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature.Fall is the next best season, then winter.As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation ROM thinking!1.Huntington based his conclusion on _______.A.records of changes in his own intelligence

B.work with peoples in different climates

C.records of temperature changes

D.all of the above 2.Ellsworth Huntington decided that climate and temperature have _______.A.a great effect on everyone's intelligence

B.effect on most people's intelligence

C.effect on only a few people's intelligence

D.no effect on people's intelligence 3.One possible reason why spring is the best season for thinking is that _______.A.all nature, including man, is growing then

B.it lasts longer than the other seasons C.it is neither too warm nor too cold

D.both A and C 4.The best seasons for thinking seem to be _______.A.spring and fall

B.winter and summer

C.summer and spring

D.fall and winter 5.According to the selection, vacation from thinking should be taken _______.A.several times throughout the year

B.during spring and fall

C.during the summer

D.as seldom as possible 词汇扩展

① intelligence n.智力 ② climate n.③ abilities n.④ tend to be 往往是

⑤ factor n.因素 ⑥ vacation n.假期

Passage 4 Even if you are a good high-jumper, you can jump only about seven feet off the ground.You can not jump any higher because the earth pulls you hard.The pull of the earth is called gravity.You can easily find out the pull of the earth.If you weigh yourself, you will know how much gravity is pulling you.Since there is gravity, water runs downhill.When you throw a ball into the air, it falls back down.Because of gravity you do not fall off the earth as it whirls around.Then can we get a way from the earth and go far out into space? Now you can do it, because spaceships have been invented.The spaceship will go fast.It can escape the earth's gravity and carry you into space.1.In this passage, the word “gravity” means _______.A.the force of attraction among objects

B.the force which attracts the earth towards the sun C.the force which attracts objects towards the centre of the earth

D.the pull of everything 2.When you slip on something, you _______.A.sometimes fall down to ground

B.always fall down to the ground C.never fall down to the ground

D.go up into the air 3.Gravity is so strong that _______.A.it makes you jump only seven feet

B.it makes you go up into the air

C.it can keep everything on earth

D.it can throw a ball into the air 词汇扩展

① whirl v.旋转 ② attract v.吸引

③ slip vi.滑倒

英语阅读之美文背诵

Three Days to See(Excerpts)假如给我三天光明（节选）

All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.Sometimes it was as long as a year, sometimes as short as 24 hours.But always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed hero chose to spend his last days or his last hours.I speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly delimited.Such stories set us thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances.What events, what experiences, what associations should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings, what regrets? Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow.Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life.We should live each day with gentleness, vigor and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come.There are those, of course, who would adopt the Epicurean motto of “Eat, drink, and be merry”.But most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death.In stories the doomed hero is usually saved at the last minute by some stroke of fortune, but almost always his sense of values is changed.He becomes more appreciative of the meaning of life and its permanent spiritual values.It has often been noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everything they do.Most of us, however, take life for granted.We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future.When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable.We seldom think of it.The days stretch out in an endless vista.So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.The same lethargy, I am afraid, characterizes the use of all our faculties and senses.Only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight.Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life.But those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make the fullest use of these blessed faculties.Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds hazily, without concentration and with little appreciation.It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill.I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight;silence would teach him the joys of sound.一.本文讲述了作者的朋友们想为他开生日party以给他意外惊喜的事。

1.D.由第三段 “I went into the bathroom...when suddenly from behind...”可知“我”并不知情。

2.C.由第二段 “We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom...” 推知。

3.D.由最后一段 “They had all planned to come out of...just at the same time”推知。二.本文主要介绍了应邀参加英美人举办的家庭晚宴需注意的一些礼节。

1.A.由第二段“Its polite to bring...as a gift.”得知。

2.C.按第三、五两段中提出的进餐顺序可选出答案。

3.C.四个选项中只有C符合文末提出的感谢宴请的方式。三.本文描述了作者和向导在尼泊尔丛林遭遇老虎的经历。

1.D.据首句得知。

2.C.由第二段得知，作者感到害怕的原因是意识到处境危险。

3.A.由第一段末句 “...it is unusual to find tigers in the afternoon” 推知。

四.本文讲述了一个人明明遵守了交通规则，但由于警察自己站错了街道位置而产生了误会的故事。

1.C.文中第二段提到“...was driving home from work.”。

2.B.第二段中提到“He slowed down when he came to the main road...”。

3.C.根据文章意思，Mr Williams 只需要慢行，不必停下来。

4.B.根据文中“I'm in the wrong street!”可知警察最后知道是他自己弄错了。

五.本文讲述了Julia出于同情给了一个自称失明的乞丐几次钱后，发现该乞丐是假装失明来骗钱的真相的故事。1.A.从第二段第一句“...as she walked from the hotel to the market, she passed a beggar.”中可得出答案。2.B.从文中可以看出是Julia因为同情那个乞丐而主动给钱的。

3.B.乞丐注意到Julia只给了平时的一半时很不高兴，但并没有拒绝。

自我检测：1.CCCCB

2.CBBB

3.BBAAC

4.CBC

第四篇：2014年英语专题辅导 之阅读理解4

2014年英语专题辅导 之 阅读理解4

I 主旨大意类阅读理解的备考策略 此类问题属于全局性的问题，难度相对较大，因此必须阅读全文，抓住文章的中心思想。下列几种策略有助于快速准确地把握文章的中心思想：

(1)把此类问题留在最后。因为回答其他细节性问题后，自然就会对文章大意有一定的了解。(2)找出文章的中心思想句。要把注意力放在阅读材料的开头和结尾，放在观点性、归纳性和概括性的句子上，放在被许多句子说明和证实的句子上。

(3)找出各个段落的主题句。主题句有以下几个特征：①它是概括全段思想的句子；②一般出现在段首，其次是段尾，有的出现在段落当中；③它表达的是观点，而不是事实。

(4)注意由in summary，in a word，as a result，finally，in short，in conclusion和in brief等“信号词”引导的句子。(5)正确选项的特点：不出现细节信息；不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。(6)干扰项特点：细节信息明显；过于笼统。II 推理判断类阅读理解的备考策略 在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可用scanning方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对细节的推断可能要求针对某一句话，推断出其意义或某一事实。

针对主题思想作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次观点。

在推理判断时要牢记以下几点：

(1)严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息或推论依据进行推理，千万不能掺杂自己的主观想法或经验，一切以文章为准；(2)如果某选项中的内容只是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就不是正确答案；(3)如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案；(4)如果某个选项表达的内容虽在文章中提到，但很片面或不完整，那它也不是正确答案；(5)文中的虚拟语气和情态动词往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案；(6)注意作者在文中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了too，excessively，rather等，则常常带有否定的口气；(7)某些过渡词(例如：however，but，on the contrary，what’s more)后面所表达的内容往往能够反映作者的观点和态度；(8)正确选项的特点：①不是文中明确说明的内容，有引申推理；②大多含义深刻，不是常识选项。观点态度类

▲.观点态度类题目的设题方式 常见的观点态度类的题型有以下几种形式：

(1)The author writes this passage to(2)The author in this passage intends to(3)The author’s main purpose in writing this passage is to.(4)Why does the author write this passage?▲.观点态度类阅读理解的备考策略 观点态度类的题和了解文章大意有所不同，后者要知道文章的中心思想是什么；而前者是要知道作者为什么要写这篇文章。例如，一篇报导有关美国离婚内容的文章，其中心思想可能是高离婚率对美国社会、家庭、当事者以及他们子女的影响，而作者写这篇文章的目的却是引起社会的关注，或要人们对离婚持谨慎的态度。

作者通常采用的论述方法有：

(1)摆事实，讲道理，论证自己的观点。(2)只介绍和传递信息，并不发表自己的看法。(3)从多方面阐述意义或重要性。(4)分析某事物的危险性，并提出警告。(5)从多方面或多角度分析原因或因素。(6)用事实或数据进行生动形象地描写。(7)告知方法或做法等，且祈使句使用频率比较高(8)阐明某项建议或解决方法的可行性。(9)作者对某一事物的看法，要么支持要么反对，带有中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案。(10)漠不关心的词语一定不对，既然写文章就不会不关心。(11)不要把读者自己的态度揉入其中，要区分开作者和文章中人物的态度。(12)当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度。(13)作者的观点一般与文章主旨相关联。A难度值：较难推荐度：★ ★ ★ ★ Most people think their time problems are outer, and that they are caused by the telephone, meetings, visitors, and delayed information or decisions.Although these problems often have a bad effete on them, as when people call or drop in, we usually contribute to them.We fail to have calls screened by a skillful secretary or assistant, or we leave our door open, actually assuring constant interruptions.In almost all cases, it is possible to influence, if not control, it usually can cause problems, such as, slowness and indecision, lack of self-discipline, the inability to delegate, or the tendency to fight fires, to act without thinking, and to jump from task to task without finishing any of them.Time is constant that cannot be changed.The clock cannot be slowed down or speeded up.Thus we cannot manage time itself.We can only manage our activities with respect to time.The same skills are needed as those used in managing others—the abilities to plan, organize, delegate, direct, and control.Time management is simply self-management.It is impossible to be effective in any position without controlling one’s time effectively.Successful time management does not mean working harder, but working smarter.All kinds of management skills must be used in the home and office to get most value from time.You must think ahead about what to do, and timely than others, making it get maximum results in the shortest possible period.13.According to the writer, time problems A.are caused by the telephone, meetings and visitorsB.are caused by delayed information or decisions C.can be solved by self-managementD.can’t be controlled 14.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as internally generated（内因的time wasters? A.slowness and indecision.B.Lack of self-discipline.C.Jumping from task to task without finishing any of them.D.Working hard.15.It can be concluded from the passage that the abilities to plan, organize, delegate, direct and control should A.be used in managing others’ activities B.be used in managing one’s own activities C.not be used in time managementD.be used in managing both others’ and one’s activities16.We can also draw a conclusion that the key to successful time management is.A.working harder and harderB.clever self-management C.thinking of what to do, and how and when to do itD.employing a skillful secretary 文章难度：偏难。或许不少人都认为自己在时间利用上有一系列问题，针对一部分人认为时间问题是外在问题的观点，作者在阐述自己看法的同时，举例说明时间问题的关键在于对时间的控制。

13、主旨大意。在第二段首句，作者表明外在时间问题是可以控制或影响的，然后对时间问题的难点进行分析，并在第四段第二句“Time management is simply self-management”.中表明了自己的看法，时间控制实质上是自我控制。

14、细节理解。由第二段可知，D项在文中根本未提及。

15、推理判断。由第四段可知，对时间控制技巧在管理他人和自我控制中都是适用的。

16、推理判断。由 “Time management is simply self-management”可知成功的时间管理必须有完善的自我管理。3442

重难点单词与词组：①contribute to 贡献于，致力于 ②screen 审查 ③indecision 犹豫不决④delegate委托

⑤tendency意向，倾向⑥maximum最大值⑦assure 保证

B2012福建卷 难度值：较难推荐度：★ ★ ★ ★Holidays are really important.Many of us will have childhood memories of summer holidays where we were taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways.But holidays are expensive and, for those on low wages or living on benefits, they are often unobtainable.Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.For working parents, the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare.When an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks, there is a need to spread this across the year.Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday.For some ’ this makes even an affordable family holiday difficult.The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment.The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day.Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support.Schools also have an important role in safeguarding children's welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils.During the long summer holidays, much of this is missed.While teachers are holidaying in the UK, many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live.The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning.In setting out its plans for a five-term year, Nottingham City Council(委员会)is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down lo four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two-week break.We believe this will give real “down time“ for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff, particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities.However, this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.71.The passage is probably written by A.an experienced teacher B.a working parentC.an inspired student D.a city council member 72.The underlined word ”they“ in the second paragraph refers to ”’.A.environments B.holidays C.wages D.benefits A.2 weeks B.4.5 weeks C.5 weeks D.6 weeks 74.The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students_____.A.obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costsB.get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school C.benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment D.have more school days to receive free school meals 75.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A.working parents can enjoy a five-week break to care for their children B.the suggested plans for a five-term school year can hardly be carried out C.the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real “down time” D.some school staff will say “ No" to the plans for a shorter summer holiday

【考点】减少假期问题——一一议论文类

【文章大意】假期使我们放松并去一些地方去游玩，使我们释放压力，但是对于一些低收入家庭或靠救济而过活的家庭来说造成很多的经济负担，本文提倡在不影响学生学习的前提下减少假期的时间。

71.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句话的口气可知作者是City Council的一名成员

72.【试题解析】词义猜测题。根据上文提到的holidays are expensive可知they指的是holidays，本句意为：假期是非常贵的，对于那些低收入或靠救济来过活的家庭的人来说，假期是获得不到的。73.【试题解析】细节理解题。

74.【试题解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句话Nottingham City Council(委员会)is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down lo four and a half weeks,可知答案。

75.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff, particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities.可知答案为D项，对于减少假期的时间学校的一些教职工是不支持的。【难度】难度大

【长难句解析】We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff, particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities.我们承认这个改变对于一些教职工尤其是对于家里的孩子在其他机关接受教育的家庭来说是很难接受的。首先本句中that引导的是宾语从句，whose引导的定语从句，先行词为school staff。42234

第五篇：考博心得之考博英语阅读理解

考博心得之考博英语阅读理解

阅读理解在大家看来，是英语考试中最关键的部分，因为这部分所占的分数最多，在试卷中的地位举足轻重。有很多方面的书籍，介绍大家如何来提高阅读理解水平，却很少提到不同类别的英语考试试卷中，都有自己的出题特点。其结果是，大凡英语考试，大家都采用几乎一样的思考模式，这在相当程度上影响了具体类别考试复习时的针对性。

首先，介绍如何提高阅读理解的基本功

很多参考书中（推荐一本考博英语阅读理解精练220篇(上下册)）。都提到在阅读时，不能读出声来，要快速的阅读。要达到这个水平需要相当的训练，可惜的是大部分考生由于各种原因，没有这样的条件。根据个人的体会，阅读中，碰到的最大问题往往不是理解不了其中内容，经常让人头痛的是阅读过程中，会在一些关键地方碰到自己不认识的单词，大大影响了自己对文章的领悟。所以第一个基本功还是词汇部分，我们不需要把大纲中所有的词汇（考博英语10000词汇详解）都会拼写，因为除了写作之外，会认某个词与会写某个词没区别，即使是写作，用到的词也都是常见的。

学会用自己的呼吸来控制自己的阅读，进而提高阅读速度。这点可能不少朋友没有听说过吧，对，这是我自己体会后总结出来的。针对一个句子，大家要学着在吸气的过程中，看明白前半部分的意思，而在呼气的过程中，看明白后一半的内容。开始训练时，大部分人达不到这个要求，没关系，重新吸气，呼气，直到这个句子看懂。选择的文章不要太难，但也不能过于简单，仔细体会这个过程。

我比较推荐的一个方法是：充分利用选择填空题目，在要填空的位置上，先写上正确的答案，然后尝试着在一个呼吸过程中看懂它所表述的意思。这不仅将来能提高选择填空的阅读速度，也提高了语感。当训练的差不多后，可以转入阅读文章了，把呼吸和大脑的思维连贯性统一起来。

其次，阅读理解过程中，需要从头读到尾吗？

这个问题，我也曾经问了自己很多次。经过尝试后，我总结的经验是没必要。说起来大家可能不相信，我觉得阅读理解，如其说是阅读，不如说是把文章的内容结构搞懂：这篇阅读理解分了几个段落？每个段落中最重要的那个主旨句要表达的是什么意思？文章作者是以什么口气、什么态度来看待自己文章所描述的内容的？实际就是从宏观上把握作者的意图

全面阅读有什么不？第一个就是浪费时间，考试中的时间是最宝贵的，如果费了不少时间读懂了文章的某些内容（即使是比较重要的），可偏巧这在后边的题目中又没有体现出来，不就是浪费时间和精力吗？第二就是使得人容易忘记其他部分的内容，当我们看第一段的时候，看明白它的内容了，可当你把最后一段也看懂之，第一段的内容你还能记得多少呢？这个问题在阅读理解进行到第三篇，第四篇的时候尤其突出，以至于头晕脑胀。相信很多人有这个感觉，英语考试过程中，觉得自己脑力不够用，或者考试结束后有朦胧的倦意。这对后边题目的完成绝对是个巨大威胁。第三就是缺乏对整个文章的理解，由于在全面阅读过程中，人的精力集中在具体句子的理解上，冲淡了整体的认识，而几乎每个阅读理解后的题目中，总少不了1个或2个关于文章整体概括性的题目，稍有偏差，就会出错。

采用“跳读”的方法，可以克服全面阅读的缺点。这种阅读方法可以这样来描述：在阅读过程中，先试图把每个句子都读懂，当你觉得它不是主旨句后，就快速读过去，或者直接跳过去。当你读完之后，直接去做后边的题目，带着题目返回到文章中去寻找答案

“跳读”的主要目的有两个：一是把每一段的主要意思抓住，这一段主要讲的是哪一方面的内容，而不需要知道具体内容是什么；二是搞清楚文章的结构，从宏观整体上明白作者的语气、看法、态度。

带着题目返回文章中寻找答案。一般来说，阅读理解的题目是先问细节问题，再涉及文章中某一词是什么意思、某一复杂的句子在表达作者什么看法，最后是关于文章整体的理解。由于“跳读”占用的时间比较少，记的也比较清楚，所以一看到问细节问题后，基本上就知道去文章中哪个段落中去寻找答案了。如果看到了关于文章整体理解方面的题目，可以把各个段落中的主旨句联系起来判断，采用排除的方法，确定最佳答案。

最后，多多分析历年考试试卷，总结出相关“规律”（一种可以意会，而不可言传的经验）。我很想把自己总结的中科院英语博士入学考试试卷的具体规律写出来，可真的又不知道该如何写，只是在自己的感觉上觉得它就是这样。所以这点需要大家自己去意会，总结属于自己的“规律”。我在这里肯定的告诉各位：每个类别的英语考试，都有自己的侧重点，都有自己特殊的规律。

要善于分析阅读理解正文中的规律

1，每个段落的主旨句一般都在段的开头或者结尾，少部分在段的中间，这些句子的意思比较宽，覆盖了本段内容；在中科院英语博士入学考试中，每个阅读理解后边有6个问题，一般来说，有3-4个是细节部分，1-2个是正文概括性的题目，1个是关于正文中某个词汇或者某个句子的问题（有些阅读理解后边没有）。不幸的是，正文中比较长的，或者比较难懂的，或者有生词的句子，往往是题目中要涉及的。然而幸运的是这些句子虽然表面上看比较复杂、也很长。基本上不是带有复杂结构的简单句，就是并列句，再不就是双重否定句（其他的可能性就不是很大了）。在“跳读”中，如一时不能理解它的意思可以暂时放过，一旦题目中涉及到该句，切不可紧张，先分析结构，再层层理解。这时就考大家平时积累了，我强烈建议：在做模拟题的过程中，只要碰到这样的句子，就一定不要放过，摘抄下来后，研究一番：这个句子是如何构成的？它采用什么句式？而实际上某一类别英语考试中，经常拿来考的比较难的句型，翻来覆去也就那么几种，无非是填充了不同内容罢了，搞懂后就没什么神秘感。这种规律在其他试题类型中也存在，当题目类型确定后，命题小组的人就那么几个，成员相对比较稳定，每个人都有自己的偏向性，作为一个小组，出的题目有偏向性不足为奇，关键在于大家通过自己的研究，发现它的偏向特征。

如何去寻找那些“偏向特征”。当我们把历年的几套试题放在一起综合对比后，就可以按提供如下线索去体会：

都喜欢怎么问问题？比如说同样考察正文中的某个细节，有的类别考试喜欢把小问题问的很复杂，而有的则直接就问，但基本都是换了个说法去问的。这个时候，大家最去考察一下问的风格。综合所有阅读理解试题，可以感觉命题人喜欢在正文的哪些方面做文章。

B答案喜欢怎么给出？总的来说，答案直接与正文细节一一对应的几乎没有。但无外乎两个方面，一是把正文中内容直接用另一个方式表达出来，这种情况下，答案与正文中有不少单词是一样的；一是表面上看没有任何联系，但所说内容与正文意思一致，相对来说这种情况少见一些。

答案中一般有三种类情况，一是正确回答了问题；一是部分回答了问题，但意思不完整或者有偏差；一是干扰型，拿一些与正文无关的内容来扰乱考试者的思路。基于这一点，我才强调一定要在阅读过程中，掌握作者的写作结构，写作心态，与具体细节相互结合，一般就不难排除错误，给出正确答案。

答案中有些选项一看就知道是错误的，这些项往往语气非常肯定，后者所囊括的范围过于宽广。因此，提醒大家在阅读时，如果发现有了有表露作者口气、心态的词语，一定要多加留心，这些词语从一个侧面反映了作者的写作意图，与重要段落的主旨意相互呼应，就成了回答文章整体概括性题目的依据。

采用什么方法来做阅读理解的题目效果最？

我总结的经验是：排除法。细节的问题，往往来说比较回答，扫过一遍后，基本就可以确定正确答案。而概括性，判断性的题目，相对难些，选项中总有那么两个比较类似，只有语气，侧重点的区别。我推荐下列步骤

A，阅读理解的问题是什么？各个选项说的是什么意思？

B，选项与正文内容相比较，要把握仔细（语气，重要的形容词侧重）；

C，主要采用排除的方法做不很确定的题目；

D，每个段落的主旨句有关键作用

E，做完题目后，快速的回顾下各个问题的答案的意思是否前后对应，而不相互矛盾。

根据题目的不同情况，结合大家自己的理解，灵活处理。

在中科院英语博士入学考试中，还有一类特殊的题目：排序。这类题目与阅读理解部分不少是类似的，就不多说，提供以下参考：

A，注意段中的主旨句，往往决定了这个段落中某个选项的内容范围

B，由于选项有多的，容易引起误选，所以要注意可能的选项必须与本段内的细节，还有整体意是否相关，并符合；

C，根据排序位处于段落中的位置，如果在段首，有可能是主旨句，也有可能是承上启下的句子；如果在段中，注意前后相关；如果在段尾，要能完整主旨句在段落中的意思（并不一定如此，请大家灵活处理）。

D，确定所有选项后，注意整个正文在语意上是前后呼应的。

我做这类题目的一个小窍门是：先把各个选项的意思搞清楚，然后再去看正文，一边看，一边尝试着带如某个选项，再把这个选项与该段主旨句，邻近句子的细节相互对应起来，选择最恰当的一个。

说了这么多，关键还是自己去实践，做错了题很正常，无论如何一定要搞清楚自己为什么错了，思考命题人是如何设置“陷阱”来套自己的，而自己是犯了什么错误才掉进去的，要如何做才能避开它。正是在总结自己错误的过程中，才能总结出自己的经验。这些偏向性，往往都是在发现错误的过程中显现的。