英语摘要

第一篇：英语摘要

1.U.S.Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius has apologized to the American people for the problems preventing many from signing up for（报名参加）health insurance coverage, as President Barack Obama said Wednesday the health care law is still the “strongest protector” for health care consumers。

2.I’m accountable to（对…..[人]有责任）you for fixing these problems。

3.I really have no idea whether or not I'll be offered a better plan,whether or not the government will help me subsidize（资助 vt.）it。

4.With recent elements of（少许，一些）his health care program under attack（受到攻击；在攻击之下）, President Obama has defended its promise。

5.The president promised millions of uninsured Americans that they could purchase comprehensive（综合的；有理解力的）health insurance plans at affordable rates。

6.The international community（国际社会）has condemned its brutal tactics（残忍的策略）of using chemical weapons and bombing schools, bakeries, hospitals, and refugee camps（难民营；难民收容所）.7.up to now到目前为止

8.Simply put, the world must act quickly and decisively（果断地；决然地）to get life-saving assistance to the innocent（无辜的）civilians who are bearing the brunt of the civil war.9.He called for transparent（透明的，显然的）justice a day before the start of the trial against the former president.10.Kerry says it is no secret that Egypt is going through difficult times following July's military-backed（军方支持的）takeover, but he told officials here that President Obama is confident Egyptians will overcome those challenges.11.Kerry did not mention the former president by name（名字，名叫）but said it is important that civilians face civilian justice.12.The restaurant is hosting fundraising events(筹款活动)to help people left homeless by the storm.13.Pam Windle is the organization's regional vice president（副主席）.14.one person with conviction can make a change.

第二篇：英语摘要写作

英语摘要写作应试要点

写文章摘要，最忌讳逐字逐句地翻译汉语原文中的一些句子。不幸的是，许多考生往往这么做，尤其喜欢翻译第一句，这是因为他们不得写文章摘要的要领。在英语写作水平还没有到达高级程度的情况下，死译的结果就是写出来的东西错误百出，让人不忍卒读。由于时间和英语水平的限制，许多考生翻译的句子往往是东一句西一句，写出来的摘要没有逻辑，杂乱无章，成绩自然不会好。写好摘要的要点是：

总结出原文的中心思想。拿到原文，不要马上动笔，要用5――10分钟对原文进行再加工。这点非常重要，考生千万要记住。首先，看看阐述的是什么事物或事情，也就是文章的主题。看看是说明或描写事物的客观性质、作用、特征、前因后果、过程、意义、及方法，还是表明对事物的主观看法与态度。这样，找出作者的主要观点或论点。其次，看看作者是如何表达他的中心思想的，是描述、说明、比较、例证、定义、还是分类，并找出主要的论点。这里特别要注意的是，由于中文写作的散点思维的特点或者作者的思维素质，医学博士生英语入学考试所节选的中文文章，往往显得内容杂乱、观点不明，条理不清，很难总结。但无论如何，考生必须总结出一个条理大致清楚的、有若干主要论点支持的中心思想来。再加工是关键。在总结的过程中，考生可以将原文中的带有结论性的重要句子用笔划出来，帮助自己整理思想。近年来写作考试反映出来的考生的一个最大问题是，写出来的东西杂乱无章，东一句西一句，大大影响了考生作文的得分。记住，一定要使你写出来的摘要有一个明确中心思想，语句要连贯，有逻辑。

最好写出一个粗略的非常简单的汉语提纲和中心思想，形式不拘。汉语提纲和中心思想必须简单。语言和思想都要简单，否则考生无法用简单的规范的英语表达出来。可以说，总结再加工就是简化。考生要时刻想象，你的短文的读者是小学三年级的学生，你写出的东西要让他们明白。做到这一点，考生要摆脱原文语句的影响和束缚，因为那是为成年人看的。

汉语提纲和中心思想必须要有足够的概括性和总结性。概括性和总结性的语句往往是原文中没有的，需要考生自己写出来。许多考生往往受原文语句的影响和束缚，爱用原文中的一些语句，这样写出来的话缺乏概括性和总结性，影响了摘要的质量。

说你会说的。同一篇文章，不同人有不同的概括和总结；同一个意念，不同人有不同的语言表达。所以，文摘写作是允许有合理的个人再加工的差异的。考生在选择表达的语句时，要考虑自己的英语表达能力。也就是说，考生要尽量展示自己会的东西，尽量用有把握的表达方式表达原文的意思，或者说，尽量把原文的意思往自己掌握的句型上靠。

在以后的实战练习部分，将用例证说明如何写出粗略的非常简单的汉语提纲和中心思想。

考生在进行英语写作时，往往是先用汉语思维，再经过一个翻译转换的过程，表达成英语的。这样写出的英语毫无疑问地会受到汉语语句的表达方式的影响。面对一篇汉语原文时，情况就更是如此了。中国学生的英语写作中出现的种种毛病，根源就在此。

然而，英语思维的能力，或者说习惯，决不是一年半载能够培养出来的。那么，考生首先要做到的是，有意识地尽量克服汉语语句对自己英语语句写作的束缚和不良影响。头脑中出现的要写成英语的汉语语句，不能基本上字对字地直接转换成英语的语句。要找一个规范的符合英语思维表达习惯的英语句型，来表达大体相当的意思。字面上不要相等，但只要意思或者说意念大体相同就行了。这是一个从汉语思维到英语思维的过渡阶段，这种过渡能力就是我们考生应该慢慢培养的能力和习惯。有了这种能力和习惯，考生写出的英语才能象英语，才基本规范。

考生怎样才能培养和运用这种过渡能力呢？

就目前考生的水平而言，我们提出一条很实用很奏效的建议，希望考生牢记心中，尤其是在开始阶段以及考试的时候，那就是，写你会写的，不要写你想写的。这一点前面提到过，这里再详细说明。

出现在考生头脑中的，首先是具有成人特点的地道的汉语思维的语句，把这种语句直接写成英语，难度很大，结果往往弄巧成拙、适得其反、出力不讨好。我们需要把具有成人思维特点的地道的汉语的语句转换成具有儿童思维特点的简单的汉语语句，再转换成我们能够掌握和表达的规范的简单英语，这样就容易多了。

具体到医学博士生英语入学考试的摘要写作，要做到“写你会写的，不要写你想写的”，有两个技巧。一是规避，二是变通。下面举例说明规避。

规避不仅仅是因为意思及语句复杂，难以用英语表达，而且因为其意思及语句不属于主要论点，避而不谈之后，对中心思想的完整性影响不大。例如：

在97年的考题中，“碳水化合物是最主要也是最经济的功能营养素。1克碳水化合物能提供的热量为16.7千焦。蛋白质的供热量虽与碳水化合物相同，但价格较贵。1克脂肪能提供的热量为37.7千焦，但食物易产生饱腻感，无法摄入过多。”，“但是在碳水化合物提供热量不足的情况下，蛋白质和脂肪将首先被消耗以提供热量，不能发挥它们原有的功能，从而导致肌体生长发育迟滞。严重者可引起营养不良，表现为体重不增、食欲不振、各器官功能低下、容易反复感染等。”，“以3岁小儿为例，每日应得到的总热量为5.86兆焦，其中碳水化合物提供的热量应为3.5兆焦，约需碳水化合物210克，折合大米约280克。”，这些句子都可以避而不写。

又如，在04年的考题中，“民营医院的出现让人想起十几年前人们对超市的概念认识也是比较模糊的。即使总认为里面装修豪华、高档，但因货物很贵而不愿意进门。而今超市大大普及了，人们纷纷进入购物，因为物有所值。民营医院或许正有类似的经历，它也将有一个自然成长的过程。而2002年我国政府又提出了在卫生资源相对过剩的地方，鼓励投资者通过收购、重组现有公立医院的方式举办赢利性医疗机构和民办非赢利性医疗机构，提出了社会资本投资着重于目前服务能力较欠缺的老年慢性病护理、康复、婴幼儿保健等领域”，“不同于民营医院的是，医药费还可以报销。”，这些大段的话都可以基本不去考虑怎么用英语表达。

有时原文的语句很重要，不能规避，但用英语表达又有困难，这时可以考虑部分规避，也就是简化。如在04年的考题中，“随着社会观念的变化和政策环境的改善，民营医院必能与公立医院相辅相成，互争高低，成为医疗卫生界一道独特的风景，从而为人民群众提供更多更好的医疗服务。”是一句重要的结论性的句子，最好用英语表达出来。那么可以简化为“随着社会观念的变化和政策的改善，民营医院必能与公立医院一道为人民提供更好的医疗服务。”还有，“为了留住病人，公立医院开始实施全方位的改革措施，不仅在管理体制上、人事制度上进行改革，而且更多的是纷纷打起了技术、服务、环境、价格牌。”也可以简化为“为了留住病人，公立医院在管理上开始实施全面改革”。

在摘要写作的考试中，规避是比较容易掌握的技巧，但规避得恰到好处还需要有意识的注意，考生可以通过实战练习提供的参考摘要细心揣摩。

一个意念功能，可以用几种大体相当的语言方式表达出来，这是语言能力熟练的表现和结果。英语专业的学生，都经过长期的这方面的训练，才达到熟练的英语表达能力。这种训练叫paraphrase。Paraphrase的能力，就是变通的能力。非英语专业的学生，往往没有这种训练，也就很难用多种不同形式来表达同一种意念。但他们在培养英语写作能力的过程中，要有意识地注意练习和培养这种能力。

一个重要的意念，我们不能规避，但它的汉语表达形式让我们感到用英语表达不出来，或者感到硬用英语表达出来，结果多半是错的。这时，我们就需要运用变通的技巧，或者说能力。变通就是将汉语的意念，用我们能够掌握的英语形式大体相当地表达出来。变通的原则是把不会的变成会的，把复杂的变成简单的。这和上面说讲的“写你会写的，不要写你想写的”原则是一致的。后面课文中的句型讲解与练习，有大量的变通的实例，尤其是斜体标明的句子，考生们可以自己体会。

变通有词与词组层面上的和句子层面上的两种，下面再举例说明。

雌激素（estrogen）可以用female hormone来表示，冲动（impulse）可以用sudden excitement来表示，悲剧（tragedy）可以用sad result来代替，诱发（induce）可以lead to或result in来代替，慢跑（jog）可以用slow running 来表示。“打技术、管理牌”肯定不能说成“play technological and management cards”，可以根据不同上下文，变通成“改善技术、管理”（improve technology and management）或者“利用技术、管理”（make use of technology and management）。

要表达“乡村一级卫生院医疗质量无法保证。”，如果有考生觉得“质量无法保证”不好说，一下子又想不起来“保证”如何拼写，最好变通一下，说一个大概类似的意念就行了：“乡村一级卫生院医疗质量通常不好。”或者“你无法有好的医疗质量在乡村一级卫生院。”变通成我们熟悉的形式之后，表达起来成功的把握就大多了：You can not have good medical services in village clinics.，或者The quality of medical services in village clinics is usually poor.另外，同一种意念有多种表达方式时，我们的选择要注意使得文章中的句式有变化，或者是我们最有把握的那一种。如果原句为“洋医院的优势在于，病人能得到医务人员的尊重和周到的服务。”，可以表达的句式有“The advantage of foreign-invested hospitals is that a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”（表语从句），“It is to the advantage of foreign-invested hospitals that a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”（主语从句），“It is a great advantage of foreign-invested hospitals that a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”（主语从句），以及“Foreign-invested hospitals have an advantage that a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”（同位语从句），“Foreign-invested hospitals have an advantage, because a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”（原因状语从句）。考生可以根据自己的具体情况来选择。再例如，“忽视人的心理社会背景，影响了医疗服务的质

量。”可以有以下表达：“If a doctor overlooks the social and mental background of his patient, his medical service can be weakened.”（条件关系、忽视），“Ignorance of the social and mental background of a patient can have a negative effect on the outcome of the medical service.”（忽视、影响），“Neglect of the social and mental background of a patient can harm the medical service.”（忽视、有害），“When a doctor does not pay attention to the social and mental background of a patient, he can not provide good medical services.”（注意、提供），以及“Ignorance of the social and mental background of a patient can result in poorer outcome of the medical service.”（忽视、因果关系）。考生可以根据自己所掌握的句型的熟练程度或上下文，在心中作出选择。

变通是一种必需的、有效的写作策略，考生在后面的句型讲解和练习中可以看到更多的运用。随着英语语言能力的提高，变通的能力和技巧也会日益熟练，写作不再是一件让人头痛的苦差事。

第三篇：学术英语摘要

Text 4

Security Benefits of Cloud Computing

Abstract: Today, we can easily notice how the nature of the internet is changing from a place used to read web pages to an environment that allows the users to run software applications.Nowadays, with the development of web page ,the newest web page has up to web pages 3.0,also called the intelligent web ,which is the next stage of the internet evolution.the cloud means the internet.the term is derived from the way in which the internet is often represented into the network diagrams.the current cloud computing

architecture involves the existence of the data centers that are able to provide services to the clients located al overthe world.the main advantages of the cloud computing are the following :there is no need to download or install a specific software and update the local system, users or clients don’t afraid to the computing crashing, because everything is stored into cloud.the cost is low or even free ,like mobile phone or PDAs.the cloud

computing can be used.but everything has its short leg ,there are some disadvantages as well, like :it is hard to integrate with the existing in-house infrastructure.there are not

enough major suppliers in this field and so on.Some major Security benefits for individuals or companies, like the following: centralizing data storage ,increasing uncertainty,virtualization allows a rapid replacement of compromised server located into the cloud without major costs or damages.Today ,the information infrastructure is moving faster to a simple but very innovative concept called cloud computing.the cloud computing is potentially able to offer major security benefits.Key words :security ,cloud computing, advantages, benefits

云计算的安全优势

摘要：今天，我们可以很容易发现如何在互联网的本质是从用于读取网页到一个环境，使用户能够运行应用软件的地方改变。

如今，随着网页的发展，最新的网页有多达网页3.0，也称为智能网，它是互联网演进的下一阶段。云是指互联网。这个词是从在互联网上通常表示成网络图的方式获得。目前的云计算架构涉及到能够给客户提供服务的数据中心的存在，位于人在世界。云计算的主要优势有以下几点：无需下载或安装一个特定的软件和更新本地系统，用户或客户端不害怕的计算崩溃，因为一切都被存储到云计算的成本低甚至免费，如移动电话或PDA。，云计算可以使用，但任何事物都有它的腿短，也有一些缺点，如：它是很难与现有的内部基础设施的整合没有足够的主要供应商在这一领域等。

为个人或公司，如以下一些主要的安全优势：数据集中存储，不确定性增加，虚拟化技术允许快速更换定位成云无重大费用或损失被攻陷服务器的今天，信息基础设施正在快速地简单，但。非常创新的概念，叫做云计算。云计算是潜在的能够提供重大的安全利益。关键词：安全，云计算，优点，好处

Text 8

How Nanotechnology Works

Abstract:

At the begin of this article,it states that there are unprecedented multidisciplinary convergence scientists dedicated to the study of a world so small that we can’t see it—even with a light microscope and tells us the important of nanotechnology.Then in order to understand the unusual world of nanotechnology ,we need to get an idea of the units of measure involved.The long of one nanometer is so small.When we measure the atomic scale,we can find that it’s still small compare to the nannmeter.But in a lecture called “Small Wonders:The World of Nanoscience”,Nobel Prize winner Dr.Horst Stormer said that the nanoscale is more interstesting than the atomic scale because the nanoscale is the first point where we can assemble something—it’s not until we start putting atoms together that we can make anything useful.Then the article states that some predictions of nanotechnology such as the use of the rule of quantum mechanics,nanorobot.It

nanotechnology in future.Key words: nanotechnologyvalueapplication in future

Text 10

states that there great value in

Global Warming and Its Effects

Abstract:Global warming has been a global issue for many years now.However, the most prominent effect of global warming exists in the climate change over the past years.It causes the oceans warmer, the intensity of hurricanes amplifies in power and devastation.Another area affected by global warming is the animal kingdom and nature.The number of animals has been decreasing and the various disease has spread to new regions across the globe.A third type of evidence of global warming can be found in plants.The leading cause of global warming is the ongoing burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.Although carbon dioxide largely harms the environment, the other greenhouse gases have a large impact in the atmosphere.Throughout the world, various nations have been joining to help prevent or slow the process of global warming.The issue of global warming affects nature, people, and the economy.Scientists directly link disease to global warming.When people are trying to get others involved in the cause, a common problem that arises is the lack of motivation.In conclusion, the world needs to put forth a stronger effort to prevent global warming.And the mitigation of global warming, we should do from ourselves, from the little things around.Key words: global warming，climate change，effect

全球变暖以及它的影响

摘要：现在全球变暖已经成为多年来的全球问题，然而，过去几年来全球变暖最突出的影响体现在气候变化上，它导致海洋变得更暖、飓

风的强度和力量更强、冰川融化等等。全球变暖影响的另一个领域是动物王国和自然，它导致动物的数量急剧减少、疾病的传播更加广。全球变暖的第三类证据可以在植物中找到。全球变暖的主要原因是不断地燃烧化石燃料，这种燃烧会向大气中释放二氧化碳。不仅仅是二氧化碳，其它的温室气体也对大气有很大影响。在全世界，不同国家一直在努力防止或减缓全球变暖的过程。这个问题影响到自然、人和经济。科学家们直接把疾病和全球变暖联系起来，当人们努力让其他人参与到这项事业中，出现的一个共同问题是缺乏动力。总之，世界需要付出更大的努力以防止全球变暖。减缓全球变暖，我们应该从自己做起，从身边的小事做起。

关键字：全球变暖，气候变化，影响

Text 11

Risks of Nuclear Power Abstract：

The principal risks associated with nuclear power arise from health effects of radiation.The radiation mainly comes form the radioactive material.They can penetrate deep inside the human body where they can damage biological cells and thereby initiate a cancer.If they strike sex cells, they can cause genetic diseases in progeny.But the rate of the latter is far less than the former.Reactor accidents is also one of the risk of nuclear power.But the nuclear power plant design strategy for preventing accidents ,back-up system and mitigating their potential effects is “defence in depth”, so they happen

probability is exceedingly small.If they all fails,very high radiation doses can destroy body functions and lead to death within 60 days.The radioactive waste products from the nuclear industry must be isolated from contact with people for very long time periods.The bulk of the radioactivity is contained in the spent fuel, which is quite small in volume and therefore easily handled with great care.At other radiation problems，for example, exploitation of materials and transport of radioactive materials also produce radiation.The effects of routine releases of radioactivity from nuclear plants depend somewhat on how the spent fuel is handled.Key words：radiation，risks，reactor accidents，radioactive waste核电的风险 摘要： 核电的风险主要来自辐射对健康的危害，这些辐射主要来自于放射性材料。他们可以穿透人体深处,破坏生物细胞,从而引发癌症；如果他们破坏生殖细胞,可能导致遗传疾病。但是后者发生的概率远小于前者。核反应堆事故也是核电的风险之一，由于具有纵深防御的策略，它们发生的几率非常小。但是一旦发生，非常高的辐射剂量可以摧毁身体功能和在60天内导致死亡。核工业的放射性废物必须与人隔离很长时间，放射性的大部分包含在乏燃料，而且体积小，因此非常容易处理。在其它辐射问题上，如在核材料的开采和放射性物质的运输处理时也会产生辐射。但放射性物质从核电站释放的对人类健康的影响在某种程度上取决于它的处理方式。

关键词：辐射、风险、核反应堆事故、放射性废品。

Text 15

Genetically Modified Foods---Feed the World?

Abstract: In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives.Although there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved.However, in developing countries which desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is simpler: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? There are nearly 800 million people around the world are undernourished.Biotech can also improve farming productivity in food shortages places.Many scientists believe biotech could raise overall crop productivity in developing countries as much as 25%.But in developing countries, poverty plays the largest role.Nor can biotech overcome the challenge of distributing food in developing countries.big companies are reluctant to share technology, people may not afford to buy the food too.More and more biotech research is being carried out in developing countries, and delivers biotech solutions for farmers in developing countries.Biotech is not a panacea, but it does promise to transform agriculture in many developing countries.If that promise is not fulfilled, the real losers will be their people.Key words :Biotech, agriculture, developing countries.转基因食品----养活全世界的人？

文章摘要：事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。尽管还有一些非常现实的问题需要解决。但在迫切想要养活其迅速增长的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢?世界上有近8亿人口营养不良，而生物技术可以帮助提高因作物减产而出现食物匮乏的地区的农业生产率。许多科学家认为，生物技术能够把发展中国家的农业总产量提高25％。然而在发展中国家，贫穷才是罪魁祸首。生物技术也无法克服在发展中国家分配粮食的难题，大公司不愿分享技术，人民也不一定买得起这些食物。发展中国家正在进行越来越多的生物技术研究，以帮助农民寻求生物技术方面的解决办法。生物技术虽不是万灵药，但它确实有希望改造许多发展中国家的农业。如果这种希望不能实现，真正的受害者将是这些国家的人民。

关键词：生物技术，农业，发展中国家。

第四篇：学术英语摘要

Vocabulary:

Toboggan: a fast sled used for sliding down snowy or icy hills.RV:(recdreational vehicle)large motor vehicle equipped with living space ,such as a toilet,kitchen,sleeping space,etc.Manifest destiny:American philosophy from the 19th century;belief that Americans have a destiny or fate to explore new areas and take over new lands.Hitchhike:

Cinco de mayo:it was a festival of Mexican,today it means freedom and independent

Grafitti:

Dive: a very cheap,often sketchy restaurant or bar

Cuckooa: man who is a stupid,incompetent fool

Pit stop: a break to get food or grass or use the bathroom.Idioms/Slang:

The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence: people tend to want whatever they don’t have.Have itchy feet:

Yellow fever:refer to westen men who like to date Asian women ,for example:John only dates Chinese girls,he denifite have yellow fever.Backseat driver: a passenger who gives unnecessary or annoying directions to the diriver.Dog days of summer: hot and humid weather,usually in late July.Digging a hole to China:1)to dig a hole.2)to have unrealistic goals or expectatry.If she thinks she can pass her drivers exam,she’s just digging a hole to

China.Get lobstered: get a very bad sunburn,turn bright red.Black gold: the oil

To shanghai: to kidnap, trick, or force someone to do something unwillingly.for example :I didn’t want to go to the movies last night, but my friend she

shanghai to me.Don’t eat yellow snow: don’t do things that obvious that is stupid or damage.Concepts:

1.Americans’ perception of Chinas

2.Road trip

3.Great Wall graffiti zone

4.Advice

5.new years resolutions

第五篇：学术英语摘要评论

Main Process of Research on Parent-child Relationship 【Author】 CHEN Yan,CHEN Xin-yu

毕节学院学报 , Journal of Bijie University, 编辑部邮箱 2010年 05期

【Abstract】 Parent-Child Relationships is the first important connection of individual after birth.It in-fluenced the development of individual significantly.This paper discussed the main strides of Parent-Child Relationships research in the world from four topics which included: the period of parent-child conflict,the sexual interaction of parent-child,the influence of family structure,and psychical influence of parent-child relationship.It brings forward the local studies of parent-child relationship.Comment:Abstract is the summary of the paper.In this abstract,the author uses one sentence to introduce the significance of the parent-child relationship in the beginning.The second sentence is used to present the topic from four aspects.And the last sentence show the result of the research.The abstract is very short,however,I think,it did not include the process of the research,nor the background information.A STUDY ON JUNIOR MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS’ RELATIONSHIP QUALITIES WITH

THEIR PARENTS 【Author】 Shi Wei, Zhang Jinfu, Huang Xiting(Department of psychology, Southwest China Normal University, Chongqing 400715)心理与行为研究 , Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 编辑部邮箱 2004年 01期【Abstract】 A questionnaire was used in this study to investigate 580 students’ relationship quality with their parents.The results showed:(1)The relationship qualities general features were that the relationship’s closeness was in high level, control was higher than average level, self-disclosure, autonomy and conflict were lower than average level, mutuality was in average level.(2)The relationships qualities have many facet significant developmental features, the second grade or/and the third grade is a special period.In the second grade, student-parent relationship’s self-disclosure begin to decline significantly relative to first grade, but insignificantly relative to third grade;autonomy begin to heighten up to third grade.In the third grade, student-parent relationship’s mutuality begin to decline significantly, conflict begin to increase significantly.(3)Many qualities of student-parent relationship are not only influenced by the student gender but also the parent gender, even the interaction of the student gender with the parent gender。

Comment:The first sentence is just a simple one ,but it tells us many things.It presents the topic of the paper.What is more,it also tells us the reseach method:through a questionnaire.Although the author don’t write how to use the questionnaire,it’s enough.The rest sentences illustrat the research result specific in different ways.On The Environment Factors that Affect Mental Health of Adolescence 【Author】 CHEN Hui – ping

北京青年政治学院学报 , Journal of Beijing Youth Politics College, 编辑部邮箱 2006年 01期

【Abstract】 Mental development of children comes to its zero hour in the period of juvenile(12-14)and preadolescence(14-18).Mentality quality that forged in this period affects the career of a person and the cause of a country.In recent years the topic of mental health of children received more and more public attention.From the point of system, exterior environment that affect mental health of adolescence include family, society, school, education of psychology and the view of world.However, the view of world is the key in the dnvironmental system.It is necessary to analysis the environmental factors, to recognize the important of them, and to know the problem of them.By this way, we can solve the psychology problem of adolescence effectively.Comment:The background information is introduced in sentence 1,2 and 3.And the author tells us the paper’s topic in sentence 4.The fifth sentence presents the investigation result.And the next sentence illustrates how the author get the result.The last sentence presents the contribution of the paper.