第一篇:2014届高三英语大一轮复习单元知识练习_Book_3_Unit_2_Healthy_eating_Word版含解析
2014届高三英语大一轮复习单元知识练习
Unit 2 Healthy eating
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.Learn to________your knowledge with my experience,and you are sure to succeed.A.joinB.uniteC.connectD.combine
答案 D
解析 考查动词辨析。join参加;unite联合;connect联系,连接;combine结合。句意为:学会把你的知识与我的经验结合起来,你一定会成功。combine...with...把„„和„„结合起来。
2.As we all know,everyone has his own________and weaknesses, so we should learn from each other.A.strengthsB.valueC.techniqueD.energy
答案 A
解析 句意为:众所周知,每个人有自己的优缺点,因而我们要相互学习。strength强项,长处,与weakness相对应。value价值;technique技术;energy精力,能量。
3.A good teacher should leave some time for the students to________the knowledge.A.introduceB.receiveC.digestD.accept
答案 C
解析 考查动词辨析。句意为:一个好老师应该留些时间让学生消化知识。digest消化;introduce介绍;receive收到;accept接受。
4.Who is most likely to________the old lady’s death?
A.benefitB.benefit from
C.be beneficialD.be beneficial to
答案 B[来源:Z.X.X.K]
解析 benefit对„„有益;benefit from从„„中获益;be beneficial to对„„有益,故选B项。
5.Never lie to your friends.Once you lose their trust, it is impossible to________.A.win it outB.win it over
C.win it backD.win it through
答案 C
解析 考查动词短语辨析。win out在竞争中取胜,战胜对方;win over说服;win through克服障碍。win back赢回,夺回,符合句意。
6.—They________have prepared for the meeting more carefully.—But they didn’t.What a pity!
A.shouldn’tB.can’t
C.mayD.ought to
答案 D
第1页
解析 ought to have done sth.本来应该做某事而没做。句意为:——他们应该更细心地
准备会议的。——可他们没有,太遗憾了。
7.Don’t cheat in the exam—you’ll never________it.A.keep away fromB.stay away from
C.get away withD.do away with
答案 C
解析 考查动词短语辨析。get away with逃脱处罚,(做坏事)不受惩罚。句意为:考试不要作弊——你绝不会逃脱惩罚的。keep away from远离;stay away from离开;do away with废除。
8.I am heavily________at the moment, but I hope to be out of it when I get paid.A.in debtB.in trouble
C.of difficultyD.in danger
答案 A
解析 考查介词短语辨析。句意为:我现在陷入严重的债务危机中,但是我希望发了工资后会摆脱债务困扰。由后半句的“out of it when I get paid”可知A项正确。in debt欠债;in trouble陷入困境;in danger陷入危险。
9.If you don’t ________ your smoking,I will ________ your supply.A.cut up;cut downB.cut down;cut off
C.cut in;cut offD.cut in;cut up
答案 B
解析 句意为:如果你不减少抽烟,我将中断供应。cut down削减;cut off切断,中断。
10.The director had her assistant ________ some hot dogs for the meeting.A.picked upB.picks up
C.pick upD.picking up
答案 C
解析 have sb.do sth.叫某人做某事。句意为:主任让她的助手顺便为会议买了些热狗。
11.Usually there is a speed ________ of 30 km/h in towns or villages.A.levelB.standardC.limitD.degree
答案 C
解析 句意为:通常在城镇或乡村的时速限制为每小时30公里。a speed limit时速限制,符合题意。
12.I don’t think you should ________;you are quite slim.A.put on weightB.lose weight
C.put weightD.gain weight
答案 B
解析 根据空后的“你相当苗条”可知,“你”不应该“减肥”(lose weight)。put on/gain weight表示“增加体重”。
13.You ________ go to the post office.It’s going to rain.A.had better not toB.had not better
C.had better notD.had not better to
答案 C
解析 had better的否定形式为had better not。故选C。
14.He went from door to door,________ waste papers and magazines.A.gatheringB.gatheredC.gatherD.being gathered
答案 A
解析 考查现在分词短语作伴随状语,又gather与he为主动关系,故选A。
15.—What makes Tom unpopular with his fellows?
—________.A.Tell a lieB.Telling lies
C.Told liesD.Telling lie
答案 B
解析 考查tell a lie/lies“说谎”;同时telling a lie/lies在句中作主语。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Over the summer,18-year-old Roberto Mancera of Chandler wasn’t looking forward to dances,football games or even his last year in high school.He was more excited about building a robot that will compete in the sixth annual FIRST Robotics Competition(FRC)Arizona Regional.FIRST stands for For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology,a non-profit organization that believes the heroes of today’s youth should be engineers,not sports or pop stars.They aim to change the culture by hosting athletic-like competitions for robots,with cheering fans,mascots(吉祥物)and music.Mancera and a team of about 14 of his schoolmates will compete this year against 44 other high school teams from all over Arizona,California and New Mexico at the Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Phoenix.Finalists will move on to the FRC 2009 Championship in Atlanta to face teams from 48 states and seven other countries.For the 40 regional events worldwide,a similar “kit(工具包)of parts” is given to each of the 1,680 teams from around the globe every January.The robot functions are different every year,and after a six-week building season,robots are boxed up and shipped off to the competition’s destination.The competition has a minimum $6,000 entrance fee,and students are sponsored and by adult professionals and experts,like computer science teacher Sam Alexander,39,at Chandler High.“I try to give the kids the challenge and they try to figure it out,” he said.“They work through the entire scientific method without me giving them the answers.”
FIRST students are also eligible(有资格的)to apply for $9.7 million in college scholarships,something that Alexander’s students have taken advantage of.“You learn skills that your average student isn’t learning,” Mancera said.“It’s really amazing,and
I’ve been able to meet a lot of interesting people.” Mancera said that he found himself when he joined the robotics team.He now has a career goal set and has learned valuable leadership skills.1.The goal of FIRST is to________.A.help students have a rich summer
B.choose heroes for today’s youth
C.develop the interest of young people in sports
D.create a culture of valuing technology
答案 D
解析 事实细节题。根据第二段的“They aim to change the culture by hosting athletic-like competitions for robots...”可知答案为D项。
2.Each robot made for the competition is________.A.designed for a different function
B.decorated similarly
C.a team-made product
D.a copy of famous robots
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Mancera and a team of about 14 of his schoolmates...” 可知,参赛机器人是团队制作的产品。
3.Which of the following words has the similar meaning to the underlined word “mentored” in Para.5?
A.Guided.B.Controlled.C.Judged.D.Replaced.答案 A
解析 猜测词义题。根据第五段中“students are sponsored and...by adult professionals and experts”可知专家们赞助并指导参赛学生。
4.What’s the influence of FIRST on Roberto Mancera?
A.He has been awarded a college scholarship.B.He has become the hero for his classmates.C.It has helped him to decide his future career.D.It has allowed him to make a lot of friends with the same interest.答案 C
解析 事实细节题。根据最后一段的“He now has a career goal set...”可知答案为C项。
B
Scientists studying the impact of climate change on the Arctic need to consider ways to reduce their own carbon footprints(碳排放量),says Ryan Brook,a researcher who regularly flies north to study the health of caribous(驯鹿).He calls on scientists to show leadership by examining and sharing ways to reduce the impact of working in polar regions.“The importance of the research is not at question here.It is important to our understanding of and adapting to climate change.But we need to think about better approaches,” says Brook.“This is an issue for all scientists,though polar researchers often travel particularly long distances using commercial air travel.We also rely extensively on small aircraft,icebreakers,and snowmobiles,all of which produce large amounts of carbon.”
Brook studies the health of caribou herds in Nunavut and Northwest Territories.He works with northern wildlife managers.This work typically takes him north five or six times per year and when he calculated his own carbon footprint,he was not happy with the result.“My research footprints are about the same as the annual footprints of an average Toronto resident.Basically,I have two footprints—my own personal life,which is moderate,and my research footprint.”
Climate scientists can rightly argue that Arctic research is a specialized field and the community of scientists who travel north is relatively small.Even if all scientists working in the north reduced their carbon emissions,it would not make a big impact on the global scale.For Brook,it’s the option that matters.There are ways researchers can reduce the amount of carbon they use.Some helicopters use less fuel than others.Solar and wind power are alternatives to gas-fired generators.And while carbon offsets(抵消)don’t reduce the amount of carbon emitted,they are an easy first step.“There aren’t necessarily any easy answers,but we need to start talking about it,”says Brook.“This is particularly important for the next generation of scientists being trained and I hope to see them become leaders in this issue.”
5.The underlined word “It” in Para.2 refers to________.A.the research of climate change on the Arctic
B.the study of the health of caribous
C.the impact of working in polar regions
D.the reduction of polar scientists’carbon emissions
答案 A
解析 代词指代题。根据“The importance of the research is not at question here.It is important to our understanding of and adapting to climate change.”(这项研究的重要性不言而喻。它对我们理解并适应气候变化很重要)可知“It”指:对北极气候变化的研究工作。
6.What did Brook find when he calculated his own carbon footprints?
A.His carbon footprints are more than the annual footprints of a Toronto resident.B.His personal life footprints are more than the annual footprints of a Toronto resident.C.His research footprints are about the same as his personal life footprints.D.His personal life footprints are more than his research footprints.答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段的“My research footprints are about the same as the annual footprints...I have two footprints—my own personal life...and my research footprint.”可知Brook的carbon
footprints(personal life footprint+research footprint)比“the annual footprint of an average Toronto resident”多。
7.We can infer from the last paragraph that________.A.we should take actions immediately instead of just talking
B.it’s easy to start talking about the problem of carbon emissions
C.it’s necessary now to pay attention to the problem of research footprints
D.the next generation of scientists are more interested in research footprints
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“...but we need to start talking about it...”可知答案为C项。
8.What’s the main idea of the text?
A.The importance of arctic research is not at question.B.Climate change becomes worse because of arctic research.C.Brook suggests ways of reducing the use of carbon.D.Scientists must look at their own carbon footprints.答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一位科学家通过关注自己在北极地区研究时所产生的二氧化碳问题,从而提出了所有的科学家在北极地区工作时,要注意自己产生的碳排放的问题。
第二篇:2018高考英语大一轮复习Module1LifeintheFuture检测
Module 1 Life in the Future Ⅰ.语法填空
What might the future be like? Here are some interesting 1.(prediction).More than 2 billion Chinese travel during the Spring Festival every year, 2.(make)getting travel tickets and the journey difficult.China plans 3.(build)a fast transportation network that will serve 90% of the population.4.(probable)in 20 years’ time, the Spring Festival travel will no longer be a problem at all.Newspapers will come to 5.end in the future.Instead, digital newspapers 6.(send)to personal web tools through the Internet and information will spread faster.Oil is running out faster than 7.(expect).Scientists across the world are researching alternative energy resources.In the future, coal, natural gas, solar power, nuclear power and even water can take the place of oil 8.sources of energy.Schools will be fitted with electronic devices.Students will not need to bring books to school.They will find information on the Internet.A computer will be the students’ library, schoolbag as well as connection to the outside world.There will be robot teachers who will check homework on computers 9.communicate with the students’ parents by e-mail.And school buses will be like spaceships,10.(comfort)and safe.答案及剖析: 1.predictions 考查名词。根据谓语动词are可判断主语用复数形式。
2.making 考查非谓语动词。making getting travel tickets and the journey difficult为现在分词短语作结果状语。
3.to build 考查非谓语动词。plan后接动词不定式作宾语,表示“计划做某事”。4.Probably 考查副词。句子缺少状语,故用probable的副词形式。5.an 考查冠词。come to an end为习惯搭配,意为“结束”。
6.will be sent 考查动词的时态和语态。主语digital newspapers是谓语动词send的承受者,用被动语态;这里是对将来的预言,用一般将来时。
7.expected 考查非谓语动词。than expected是than it is expected的省略结构,意为“比预期的”。
8.as 考查介词。介词as此处意为“作为”。
9.and 考查连词。check homework与communicate with the students’ parents在意义上是并列关系,用and连接。
10.comfortable 考查形容词。修饰school buses,需用comfort的形容词形式,与safe 并列。Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2017四川广安、遂宁、内江、眉山一诊)Over the next decade, technology will decimate more jobs in many professions.Some robots already cost less to operate than the salaries of the humans they replace, and they are getting cheaper.Boston Consulting Group predicts that, by 2025, the operating cost of a robot that does welding(焊接)will be less than $2 per hour, for example.That’s more affordable than the $25 per hour that a human welder earns today in America.Uber and many other companies are working on developing cars and trucks that don’t need a driver in the driver’s seat.According to the American Trucking Associations, approximately 3 million truck drivers were employed in the United States in 2010, and 6.8 million others were employed in other jobs relating to trucking activity.So roughly one of every 15 workers in the country is employed in the trucking business.We could be talking about millions of jobs disappearing in the early 2020s.And then there is the “Gig Economy(零工经济)” that has some businesses moving toward part-time, on-demand employment.Uber has already done this to taxi drivers, and other technology companies are doing it to a wide range of jobs.A study by Intuit predicted that, by 2020, 40% of American workers will be self-employed, and that full-time jobs will be harder to find.We are talking about 60 million people in this category.The problem is that not only do such part-time workers lack reliable full-time jobs and sick pay, but they can’t enjoy health insurance and longer-term benefits.The measures to be taken are to raise trade barriers.But closing the doors to foreign trade won’t bring jobs back.It will only slow the global economy and hurt American exports, shrinking the U.S.economy and accelerating job loss.1.The underlined word “decimate” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “
”.A.make someone interested in
B.equip someone for C.wipe out D.bring back 2.What will happen with technologies developing according to the text? A.Robots will become smarter and smarter.B.Uber’s labor cost will be lower and lower.C.More and more truck drivers will be needed.D.Taxi drivers can enjoy more health insurance.3.Which of the following does the writer agree on? A.Welcoming foreign trade.B.Offering more part-time jobs.C.Using fewer robots to stop job loss.D.Developing more new technologies.4.What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing the text? A.To show technology advances in our daily life.B.To prove technologies cause low incomes.C.To introduce what the Gig Economy is.D.To warn the Gig Economy is coming.语篇解读:本文为一篇议论文。作者认为,在未来十年里,新科技的运用会缩减大量工作岗位,零工经济将会出现。
1.C 猜测词义题。根据第三段最后一句We could be talking about millions of jobs disappearing in the early 2020s.可以判断出,随着新科技的运用,许多工作会消失,由此可以推测出与C项wipe out(消灭,摧毁)同义。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中Uber and many other companies are working on developing cars and trucks that don’t need a driver in the driver’s seat.可知,Uber公司将大幅减少劳动力成本。故B项正确。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中But closing the doors to foreign trade won’t bring jobs back.It will only slow the global economy and hurt American exports,shrinking the U.S.economy and accelerating job loss.可知,作者认为关闭外贸之门不会带来就业,它只会使全球经济变缓,使美国出口受损,从而收缩了美国经济,加剧了失业,因此作者应该是赞同对外贸易的。故A项正确。
4.D 推理判断题。本文论述科技对社会的影响,并告诫人们科技的发展使得工作岗位大量减少,零工经济将会出现。故选D项。Ⅲ.完形填空
“If only I could have saved her.The ambulance got there within five minutes,but I couldn’t 1 her on my own,”my cousin Christopher 2 explained the situation to my aunt Patti.Aunt Patti said gently,“It is not your 3 ,Christopher!”
Standing in the 4 ,I saw tears streaming down the faces of my loved ones.Aunt Patti walked into the room, 5 Sam,six weeks in age.Sam did not 6 the effect this would have on his life.“Can I hold him?”I 7 this baby boy and couldn’t imagine what great pain his father was 8.Aunt Patti handed Sam to me,and her sleeve became wet as she 9 her face.Who would 10 a mother’s role if his mother didn’t make it?I knew Sam needed more love than ever.My friend Abi was 11 me at that time.We 12 to hold a party at her house.Looking at Sam,I decided to stay in the hospital and 13 him.I told my mother the 14 ,and she felt quite 15 because I always wanted to be with my friends,but that day was 16.I knew I needed to be with my family.“Everything is going to be 17 ,Sam,”I said.Although he didn’t understand the words,he smiled.On March 8,Sam’s mom passed away.He was too 18 to understand the sadness and the tears, 19 I believed his future life would be happy.Life without his mother will not be like my childhood,but I know I can 20.By babysitting him,playing with him,and listening to him,I can have an influence on his life.1.A.save B.find
C.protect D.cure 2.A.angrily B.sadly C.bravely D.secretly 3.A.job B.turn C.fault D.nature 4.A.yard B.office
C.park D.hospital 5.A.introducing B.holding C.following D.calling 6.A.understand B.believe C.admit D.enjoy 7.A.raised B.loved C.inspired D.discovered 8.A.hiding B.controlling C.causing D.suffering 9.A.wiped B.washed
C.covered D.touched 10.A.like B.get C.know D.replace 11.A.worrying about B.talking about C.waiting for D.calling for 12.A.needed B.planned C.began D.hoped 13.A.guide B.treat C.teach D.watch 14.A.decision B.change
C.advice D.answer 15.A.embarrassed B.surprised C.disappointed D.tired 16.A.different B.cold C.dark D.boring 17.A.ready B.perfect C.okay D.hard 18.A.weak B.anxious C.young D.lovely 19.A.or B.as C.so D.but 20.A.insist B.manage C.help D.explain 语篇解读:本文是夹叙夹议文,话题是人物故事类。一位亲戚不幸去世,留下了6周大的孩子。于是,作者决定尽全力去帮助这个孩子。答案及剖析: 1.A 根据第一句可知,Christopher自己无能为力,救不了她。2.B 从Christopher说的话可知,他很伤心地解释着。
3.C 根据If only I could have saved her及gently可知,姑姑说这不是他的错。4.D 根据第13空前的I decided to stay in the hospital可知,作者在医院里。5.B 由本空后的six weeks in age可知,婴儿才6周大,姑姑抱着孩子。另:下文第7空前hold有提示。
6.A Sam才6周大,所以他理解不了母亲的去世对他的影响。7.B 从下文作者决心要帮助他可知,作者爱这个孩子。
8.D Sam的妈妈生命垂危,所以作者无法想象Sam的父亲在遭受着多大的痛苦。9.A 根据本空前的her sleeve became wet可知,她用衣袖擦眼泪。
10.D 根据本空后的if his mother didn’t make it可知,这里的疑问是谁将代替母亲的角色。
11.C 根据下文的hold a party at her house及I decided to stay in the hospital可知,朋友那时正等着作者去她家。
12.B 作者和朋友计划在朋友家里举办一个聚会。
13.D 从最后一段作者的打算可知,她要留在医院照看Sam。14.A 作者把自己不去朋友家的决定告诉了妈妈。
15.B 根据because I always wanted to be with my friends可知,作者的妈妈感到很 惊讶。
16.A 根据but可知,那天不一样。
17.C 根据he smiled可知,作者安慰Sam,一切会好起来的。
18.C 由第5空后的six weeks in age可知,他太年幼以至于还不明白人们为什么悲伤和 流泪。
19.D 从本空后的内容可知,Sam还太年幼,但是作者相信他未来的生活会幸福。
20.C 下句babysitting him,playing with him和listening to him是作者要帮助做的事。
第三篇:高三语文大一轮复习-第11练
一、语言基础知识
1.下列词语中,加点字的注音全都正确的一项是()
A.对称(chèn)
癖好(pǐ)
狠角色(jué)
窗明几净(jǐ)
B.档案(dǎnɡ)
菜畦(qí)
白桦树(huà)
扪心自问(mén)
C.湖泊(pō)
藤蔓(wàn)
节骨眼(jiē)
以儆效尤(jǐnɡ)
D.校样(jiào)
肖像(xiào)
腈纶丝(qínɡ)
歃血为盟(shà)
2.下列各句中,没有错别字的一项是()
A.央视播出专题节目,揭露过多的垃圾文件是导致智能手机运行速度变慢的原凶,并采访猎豹清理大师的工程师,请他为消费者提供解决方案。
B.女子就像散文,她一定是安详和美丽的,即使没有雍容华丽的外表,眉宇间流淌的气质一定会淡雅、简约,给人一种非常愉悦的视觉享受。
C.传统产业是否日薄西山,完全取决于技术和理念的创新与否。国人蜂涌去日本买马桶盖一事说明,世上本没有夕阳产业,而只有夕阳企业。
D.腾讯产品占领市场份额的秘密在于通过帐号的捆绑,把数据输送到后台进行统计分析,第一时间就知道你喜欢听怎样的歌、玩怎样的游戏。
3.下列各句中,加点的词语运用不正确的一项是()
A.环卫工人黄阿姨在清扫街道时,不慎落入一口无盖窨井,由于伤势严重,右腿截肢,但多个相关部门均推脱责任,不肯出面。
B.西安西北大学现代学院禁止学生过平安夜,并组织全体学生观看中华传统文化宣传片,人们不禁思索,抵制圣诞节何尝不是一种文化自卑。
C.热闹喜庆的场景中,所有的摆设都是吉祥的象征,尤其是那幅《八仙图》,各显神通的八仙会聚在一条徐徐而来的船上,惟妙惟肖,让人阅之欣然。
D.近几年来,中国的新年音乐会演出内容相当丰富,既有象征着中华艺粹的戏曲主题音乐会和民族经典音乐会,也有中国人耳濡目染的西方作品音乐会。
4.下列各句中,没有语病的一项是()
A.专家指出,中央对文化建设的高度重视,高层在文化理论创新与实践认识方面正逐渐走向成熟,相关的文化建设能力正在不断地提升。
B.明年我国将把促进社会公平放在更加突出的位置,加强和创新社会管理,突出抓好维护社会稳定、保障公共安全等工作。
C.在欧洲看“蒙娜丽莎的微笑”,你立即就能感觉到,这种恬然的自信只属于那些真正从中世纪的梦魇中苏醒、对前路挺有把握的艺术家们才会有。
D.下半年以来,鄂尔多斯市发生多起高利贷崩盘事件。有研究者认为,目前我国部分地区民间高利贷风险逐步加大,所以采取措施加以控制,就可以解决部分地区的金融问题。
5.依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一项是()
温室效应,俗称“大气保温效应”。________,________,________,________,________,________,这种增温效应类似于栽培植物的玻璃温室,故此得名温室效应。
①地球表面吸收这些短波辐射热量后升温
②这样就使得地球表面的大气温度升高
③升温后的地球表面反而向大气释放长波辐射热量
④来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式到达地球外空间
⑤这些长波热量很容易被大气中的温室气体吸收
⑥穿越厚厚的大气层到达地球表面
A.①⑥④⑤③②
B.④①③⑤⑥②
C.④⑥①③⑤②
D.①④⑥③⑤②
二、名句默写
6.补写出下列名篇名句的空缺部分。(只选3小题)
(1)句读之不知,________________,或师焉,或不焉,________________,吾未见其明也。(韩愈《师说》)
(2)________________,钟鸣鼎食之家;舸舰迷津,____________________。(王勃《滕王阁序》)
(3)此去经年,________________。便纵有千种风情,________________!(柳永《雨霖铃》)
(4)上有六龙回日之高标,____________________。黄鹤之飞尚不得过,__________________。(李白《蜀道难》)
(5)吾恐季孙之忧,__________________,__________________。(《季氏将伐颛臾》)
三、语言运用——图文转换
7.下面的《春节》《端午节》两图是“中华七大传统节日形象标志创作大赛”获奖作品。这两幅作品,你喜欢哪一幅?请从构图和寓意角度说明喜欢的理由。要求:语言准确、鲜明,不超过60字。
我更喜欢________标志作品。
理由:
8.下面是我校公布的河南省实验中学校徽,请写出该标志中除文字以外的构图要素及其寓意,要求:语言简明,句子通顺。
答:
9.阅读下面这幅漫画,回答问题。
(1)请简要说明画面的内容。(不超过50字)
答:
(2)这幅漫画的寓意:
答案解析
1.C [A项“几”读jī。B项“档”读dànɡ。D项“腈”读jīnɡ。]
2.B [A项原—元。C项涌—拥。D项帐—账。]
3.D [A项推脱:推卸。B项何尝:用反问的语气表示未曾或并非。C项惟妙惟肖:形容描写或模仿得非常好,非常逼真。D项耳濡目染:形容见得多听得多了之后,无形之中受到影响。用于此处不合语境。]
4.B [A项“中央对文化建设的高度重视”偷换了主语,应去掉“的”。C项句式杂糅,去掉“只属于”或者“才会有”。D项不合逻辑,应为“如不采取措施加以控制,有可能引发部分地区的金融问题”。]
5.C [这是一段说明“温室效应”的文字。抓住关键词语“来自”“穿越”“吸收”“释放”“吸收”“升高”,不难得出答案。]
6.(1)惑之不解 小学而大遗(2)闾阎扑地 青雀黄龙之轴(3)应是良辰好景虚设 更与何人说(4)下有冲波逆折之回川 猿猱欲度愁攀援(5)不在颛臾 而在萧墙之内也
7.(示例一)《春节》 画面由灯笼和书法“春”字等中国元素巧妙构成,象征来年吉祥喜庆、生活红红火火,具有浓郁的中国传统文化意味。
(示例二)《端午节》 画面由粽子形状的山、龙舟、图章和书法“端午”等中国元素巧妙构成,象征着趋利避邪、一帆风顺,具有浓郁的民俗文化韵味。
解析 解题时要做到“一看”,即看构图;“二想”,即想寓意。第一幅作品主要由灯笼和“春”字组成,不难想到“吉祥喜庆”“红红火火”这样的寓意;第二幅作品主要由粽子形状的山、龙舟、图章和书法“端午”组成,不难想到“趋利避邪”“一帆风顺”这样的寓意。
8.(示例)该校徽图案由变形的“A”和太阳组成,神似一位奔跑中的巨人,体现出实验中学以人为本的教育理念。其中,“A”是26个英文字母中的第一个字母,象征着永争第一的精神;太阳寓示着永恒、光明、生机、繁盛和希望。“A”和太阳的完美组合,仿佛一位顶天立地的巨人在迎着朝阳奋力奔跑,象征着实验中学奔腾不息的活力和无限美好的前景。整体图案体现出以人为本、永争第一的实验精神。
解析 解答此题时先看清构图要素。该校徽由“A”、太阳和奔跑的人组成。由“A”可以联想到“开始”“第一”等,由“太阳”可以联想到“永恒”“光明”“希望”等,由“奔跑的人”可以联想到“以人为本”“奔腾不息”等。然后再根据“校徽”这一特质对联想的内容进行取舍,最后得出符合要求的寓意。
9.(1)在一堆树枝旁,一人边扶树苗边问:“这树枝能活吗?”另一人边抽烟边培土,说:“管它呢……等领导检查完就全拔掉!”
(2)讽刺了弄虚作假、应付差事的行为。
解析(1)注意准确说明人物的动作、语言。(2)应结合现实生活,从具体的现象(栽树枝来应付领导检查)出发,分析事情的本质,进而概括其抽象的寓意。
第四篇:高三语文大一轮复习-第8练
一、语言基础知识
1.下列词语中,加点字的注音全都正确的一项是()
A.慰藉(jiè)
觊觎(jì)
蒙蒙亮(ménɡ)
泥古不化(nì)
B.笃信(dǔ)
蜷缩(quán)
舴艋舟(zhà)
一颦一笑(pín)
C.旋涡(xuàn)
矗立(chù)
水门汀(tīnɡ)
娓娓动听(wěi)
D.颐养(yí)
浸渍(zì)
沙家浜(bānɡ)
切中肯綮(qìnɡ)
2.下列各句中,没有错别字的一项是()
A.一位作家说:“理想的人生,应该介乎我本人目空一切的懒散与世人无止境的疯狂之间。”其实,一种健康的人生,应该是张驰有度的,适当停下来,享受活着的感觉,是有必要的。
B.雾霾难以解决,作为主管环境污染治理的环保部门难辞其咎,但这并非只是他们的责任。雾霾天气的形成,是多方面因素引起的,比如汽车尾气越来越多,居民大量焚烧秸杆等。
C.真正的魔鬼,乃是埋藏在人心深处的“心魔”,一遇诱惑便会原形必露,面目狰狞。人之所以活得累,不是被空中之鬼鞭打,而是被内心的欲望鞭打,对此,又有多少人能幡然醒悟呢?
D.网站如果没有自己独特的文化,就不能在互联网大军中吸引人们的注意力,办出自己的特色,所以要着力打造自己的文化品牌,切忌没有自己的思想,拾人牙慧,人云亦云。
3.下列各句中,加点的词语运用正确的一项是()
A.家长忍辱负重去满足孩子炫富的行为,不但给家庭造成严重的生活负担,而且不利于孩子形成正确的价值观。
B.企业离退休人员免费体检开始后,多家医院都出现了人满为患的现象,很多老人凌晨就出门去医院排队。针对这种现象,有人建议延长体检时间,增加体检医院。
C.她忘情地唱着。那粗犷的土地上有她的青春和汗水,也许在歌声中,她能一次次地回去,回到她的青春时代。
D.人的长大是分两个台阶的,身体的高大往往表明生理的成熟,一个人只有心理成熟起来,才是真正的成熟。
4.下列各句中,没有语病的一项是()
A.曾经如日中天的深圳市快播科技有限公司,因为涉嫌故意侵犯他人信息网络传播权,深圳市场监督管理局下达2.6亿元的“天价罚单”。
B.时局动荡,政治黑暗,让长大成人后的阮籍喜欢上了《老子》《庄子》,有时他也会对自己遵从的儒家礼法嗤之以鼻。
C.2015年春节档国产电影在故事、角色、制作及审美方面满足了大部分观众的观看,在艺术性和娱乐性方面给予观众良好的体验。
D.400余件珍贵陶瓷文物首次在陕西宝鸡青铜器博物馆公开展出,参观者不仅能领略古代的商贸盛景和关中风情,更能了解到古人的礼乐文明和饮食礼仪。
5.依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一项是()
法国玩具通常是一种为让成人控制儿童而制作的模仿玩具,________,________,________。________,________,________。因此儿童玩耍成人为他们准备的玩具的过程就是儿童的社会化准备过程,也就是他们的童年逐渐消失的过程。
①因为哪怕是最小的创造,都会让他们摆脱成人的控制
②然而其终究只是某套规则的执行者
③这种玩具使儿童成为使用者,而不是创造者
④他们的幻想力在玩耍这种玩具的过程中被进一步消除
⑤成人为他们提供的玩具都是现成的⑥儿童在一种被创造好了的世界里玩得不亦乐乎
A.③①⑥②⑤④
B.⑤③①⑥②④
C.③⑤①⑥②④
D.①⑤⑥②③④
二、名句默写
6.补写出下列名篇名句的空缺部分。(只选3小题)
(1)清风徐来,水波不兴。举酒属客,________________,__________________。(苏轼《赤壁赋》)
(2)秦爱纷奢,人亦念其家。__________________,__________________?(杜牧《阿房宫赋》)
(3)谨庠序之教,__________________,__________________。(孟子《寡人之于国也》)
(4)亦欲以究天人之际,____________________,____________________。(司马迁《报任安书》)
(5)江畔何人初见月,__________________。__________________,江月年年只相似。(张若虚《春江花月夜》)
三、语言运用——语句仿写
7.请根据下面的例句,运用所给的话题再仿写两个句子,要求运用比喻的修辞方法,句式与例句相同。
[例句] 思乡诗是舟中枕上的一钩冷月,清冷而哀怨,鸿雁、残星、客船、孤灯,愁绪满怀。
边塞诗是
送别诗是
8.仿照下面的例句,自选话题,另写三句话,要求使用比喻的修辞方法,句式与例句相同。
[例句]
坚韧是大伞,助你抵挡挫折的风雨;
坚韧是暖阳,助你融化困难的寒冰;
坚韧是云梯,助你攻破失败的堡垒。
答:
9.以“人生”为对象,依照例句续写两句话,要求与例句语意相近,结构相同。
如果把人生比作季节,那么,便会有寒暑往来,草荣草枯,花开花谢;
。
答案解析
1.D [A项“蒙”读mēnɡ。B项“舴”读zé。C项“旋”读xuán。]
2.D [A项驰—弛。B项杆—秆。C项必—毕。]
3.B [A项“忍辱负重”指为了完成艰巨的任务,忍受屈辱,承担重担。用在此处不合语境。B项“人满为患”指因人多造成了困难。C项“粗犷”指粗野、粗鲁;粗豪、豪放。用来修饰“土地”不合适,此处应用“广袤”。D项“往往”表示某种情况在一定条件下时常存在或经常发生。与后面的“只有……才……”的内容不吻合,此处应用“仅仅”。]
4.B [A项中途易辙。前两句的主语是“快播科技有限公司”,最后一句的主语却换成了“深圳市场监督管理局”,可在“深圳市场监督管理局”前加“被”。C项搭配不当,应将“观看”改为“需求”。D项语序不当,应将“不仅”与“更”后面的内容互换。]
5.B [解答衔接题首先要考虑所选用句子与上下文衔接的问题。由横线前的内容可知,填入的语句前一部分内容应该阐述的是这种玩具是“成人控制儿童”的;由横线后面的内容可知,填入的语句后一部分内容应该阐述的是这种玩具会让儿童的“童年逐渐消失”。再根据横线处的标点符号可将题目中提供的六个句子分成两组。③句中“这种玩具”照应⑤句中“为他们提供的玩具”,①句中“哪怕最小的创造”照应③句中“而不是创造者”,所以⑤③①应该连接在一起,排在前面。⑥句“不亦乐乎”与②句中“只是某套规则的执行者”形成转折,④句中“他们的幻想力……被进一步消除”作进一步说明,所以⑥②④应该连接在一起,排在后面。]
6.(1)诵明月之诗 歌窈窕之章(2)奈何取之尽锱铢 用之如泥沙(3)申之以孝悌之义 颁白者不负戴于道路矣(4)通古今之变 成一家之言(5)江月何年初照人 人生代代无穷已
7.(示例)(边塞诗是)大漠马背上的一轮落日,壮阔而苍凉,羌笛、孤烟、黄沙、胡马,豪情满怀。(送别诗是)古道边耳畔的一曲长笛,忧伤而惆怅,夕阳、长亭、灞桥、杨柳,离情凄凄。
解析 仿写时,句式上要一一对应,尤其要注意意象的罗列,内容上要分别与“边塞”“送别”的主题吻合,并运用比喻修辞。
8.(示例)勤奋是甘霖,助你浇出丰收的硕果;勤奋是阶梯,助你步入智慧的殿堂;勤奋是基石,助你垒就成功的大厦。
解析 仿写时注意三点:一是自选的话题要与“坚韧”相似,属抽象概念;二是比喻修辞的运用要贴切;三是句式上要用“……是……,助你……”。
9.(示例)如果把人生比作天空,那么,便会有阴晴变化,日出日落,云卷云舒 如果把人生比作大地,那么,便会有高低起伏,潮涨潮落,风骤风轻
解析 基本句式为“如果把人生比作……,那么,便会有……”;注意选择恰当的喻体,与上文语意相近;仿句的句式应与例句一致。
第五篇:高三语文大一轮复习-第4练
一、语言基础知识
1.下列词语中,加点字的注音全都正确的一项是()
A.鲫鱼(jì)
碑帖(tiě)
赈灾款(zhèn)
戎马倥偬(zǒnɡ)
B.对峙(zhì)
肯綮(qìnɡ)
瓮中鳖(wènɡ)
按捺不住(nà)
C.应允(yīnɡ)
癖好(pǐ)
堰塞湖(sài)
虚与委蛇(yí)
D.怨怼(duì)
鞭挞(tà)
露马脚(lù)
舐犊情深(shì)
2.下列各句中,没有错别字的一项是()
A.长江从青藏高原蜿蜒而来,在此同与其相伴而行、直线距离相隔不过数十千米的澜沧江、怒江彻底分道扬镖,然后再向东义无反顾直奔大海。
B.他曾自嘲“蜘蛛侠”,30米高的铁塔、几十斤的工具设备,攀岩一样上去,夏天汗珠掉到角钢上“吱”成一缕烟,冬天塔上吃一口饭灌一口风。
C.铁匠铺的风景很多,抡锤子的手臂,臂膀上凸起的肌肉,铁夹子,烧得通红的铁家什,铁锤以及沉稳的铁砧,总觉得这一切适宜用板画来表现。
D.各色人等轮翻网上狂奔,网络上的奇闻人物、丑闻主角、绯闻男女,总之能弄出动静,不把底线当回事的主儿,都能在网络上狂奔甚至裸奔一气。
3.下列各句中,加点的词语运用正确的一项是()
A.观影抒言,各谈体会,一个再正常不过的文艺交流,如今却裹挟了太多的不满、辱骂和对抗,一种兼容并包的胸怀在开放的网络世界似乎难觅形迹。
B.当你觉得自己是最大的受害者,所有的凄苦都集中在一人身上时,你可否知道,真正带给你巨大痛苦的,常常不是发生的事情,而是你对事情的看法。
C.除维也纳儿童合唱团、巴黎木十字儿童合唱团外,天使之翼合唱团是当今全球最受瞩目的新起之秀,目前正以令人匪夷所思的速度席卷欧美各国。
D.这份调查报告对中国贫困农民的记录是如此具体而微,具体到每一个家庭,再拆取出每一个人的一天、一年、一生,不惜笔墨,肌理寸寸分明。
4.下列各句中,没有语病的一项是()
A.这次招聘,一半以上的应聘者曾多年担任外资企业的中高层管理岗位,有较丰富的管理经验。
B.我父亲是建筑学家,许多人以为我母亲后来进入建筑领域,是受我父亲影响,其实不是这样的。
C.熟悉他的人都知道,生活中的他不像在银幕上那样,是个性格开朗外向、不拘小节的人。
D.近年来,随着房地产市场的发展和商品房价格的持续上涨,引起了有关部门的高度重视。
5.依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一项是()
人不可能永远都保持好的情绪,生活中既然有挫折、烦恼,就会有消极情绪。________________因此,消极情绪出现时,不要压抑它,而要通过如转移注意的焦点、自我安慰、适当发泄等方法调节或控制它。
①这样的人能让自己每天生活在幸福和欢乐之中
②当它们积累到一定程度时,往往会以破坏性的方式爆发出来,给自己和他人造成伤害
③一个人在成长的过程中,也要慢慢学会调节和控制自己的情绪
④这并不是说要压抑自己的消极情绪
⑤一个心理成熟的人,并不是没有消极情绪,而是善于调节和控制自己的情绪
⑥心理学研究表明,“压抑”并不能改变消极情绪,反而会使它在内心深处沉寂下来
A.③①④⑤⑥②
B.③④⑥②⑤①
C.⑤①③④⑥②
D.⑤④③①⑥②
二、名句默写
6.补写出下列名篇名句的空缺部分。(只选3小题)
(1)七十者衣帛食肉,____________________,然而不王者,____________________。(孟子《寡人之于国也》)
(2)________________,只是朱颜改。问君能有几多愁?________________。(李煜《虞美人》)
(3)盖文王拘而演《周易》;________________;屈原放逐,乃赋《离骚》;左丘失明,________________。(司马迁《报任安书》)
(4)千古江山,________________,孙仲谋处。舞榭歌台,风流总被,________________。(辛弃疾《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》)
(5)去来江口守空船,________________。夜深忽梦少年事,________________。(白居易《琵琶行》)
三、语言运用——语句的扩展
7.用下面的词语写一段描写性文字,要求至少运用一种修辞方法。50字左右。
雨 草坪 爱 琴键
答:
8.以下面的句子为起始句,根据句意,对起始句进行具体阐释(结合课本中学过的篇目),不少于80字。
翻开古往今来的诗词,你可以一一品味作者们深切的思想情感。
9.根据所给句子,结合《巴黎圣母院》或《红楼梦》中的人物形象,运用排比的手法,续写一段话。
“美丑对照”是文学创作重要的原则,不少文学名著中都有所体现。
答案解析
1.B [A项“帖”读tiè。C项“塞”读sè。D项“露”读lòu。]
2.B [A项镖—镳。C项板—版。D项翻—番。]
3.A [A项形迹:①举动和神色;②痕迹,迹象;③指礼貌,如“不拘形迹”。此处取第二个义项。B项“常常”应为“往往”。“常常”表示事情的发生不止一次,而且时间相隔不久,不一定带有规律性;“往往”表示根据以往的经验,某种情况在一定条件下时常存在或经常发生,常带有规律性或推论性。C项匪夷所思:事物怪异或人的言行离奇,不是一般人按照常理所能想象的。用于此处不合语境。D项具体而微:内容大体具备而形状或规模较小。用于此处不合语境。]
4.B [A项搭配不当,“担任”与“岗位”不搭配。“担任”的往往是某种职务。C项表意不明,“是个性格开朗外向、不拘小节的人”,到底是他生活中的状态还是银幕上的形象,表述不清,可改为“生活中的他是个性格开朗外向、不拘小节的人,不像在银幕上那样”。D项成分残缺,滥用介词,从而湮没主语,可去掉“随着”。]
5.C [根据选项可知,③或⑤为横线上的首句。横线前的内容是说人有消极情绪,而③说的是学会调节和控制自己的情绪;⑤说的是一个心理成熟的人,也有消极情绪,故⑤应为首句。可排除A、B两项。⑤中说“善于调节和控制自己的情绪”,①“让自己每天生活在幸福和欢乐之中”与之联系紧密。故选C项。]
6.(1)黎民不饥不寒 未之有也(2)雕阑玉砌应犹在 恰似一江春水向东流(3)仲尼厄而作《春秋》 厥有《国语》(4)英雄无觅 雨打风吹去(5)绕船月明江水寒
梦啼妆泪红阑干
7.(示例)雨落在萋萋的草坪上,像是在钢琴上弹奏着一首爱的圆舞曲,那白皙纤细的指尖温柔却有力地敲打在那一片绿色的琴键上。
解析 根据题干要求,首先要考虑以什么样的意境将这几个词语合情合理地连缀起来。同时还要注意语言的生动和流畅,尽量使意境优美。
8.(示例)读杜少陵、白居易,从“安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”“安得万里裘……稳暖皆如我”中,你懂得了什么是忧民情节;读陆放翁、辛弃疾,从“塞上长城空自许,镜中衰鬓已先斑”“了却君王天下事,赢得生前身后名”中,你明白了什么是爱国情怀。李太白“安能摧眉折腰事权贵”的傲骨使你钦佩,苏东坡“莫听穿林打叶声,何妨吟啸且徐行”的豪放让你叹服,文天祥“人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青”的忠心令你扼腕……读着,品着,你已经和古人们融为一体,共同承担了历史赋予的神圣使命。
解析 具体阐释的重点是“诗词”“作者”“思想情感”,对这三方的搭配及分析要准确,不能出现错误。另外,续写内容所体现的“思想情感”应是丰富的。
9.(示例一)《巴黎圣母院》中,爱斯梅拉达的美丽与卡西莫多的丑陋,爱斯梅拉达的善良与弗罗洛的狠毒,爱斯梅拉达的钟情与弗比斯的轻薄,对比鲜明,彰显了作者“美丑对照“的创作主张。
(示例二)王熙凤貌美如花却性格狠毒,薛宝钗性格大度却精于世故,林黛玉志趣高雅却心胸狭隘,一部《红楼梦》表现出美与丑的突出对照。