内向者如何更好面对大众进行演讲

第一篇：内向者如何更好面对大众进行演讲

内向者如何更好面对大众进行演讲？

2013-06-16 改变自己

#周四每周多学个技能#

彭萦我自己也是一个内向者，因为工作和宣传的需要必须提高自己的演讲能力，我发现这并不容易。公众演讲对内向者来说是跳出舒适区进入挑战区的事情。今天我们邀请了Toastmasters的一个北京俱乐部的President Kevin来和我们讲讲如何更好的做演讲。Toastmasters是一个全球性的英文演讲俱乐部。

内向者的公众演说三步曲

内向的人，对“公众演说”往往非常纠结：一方面，他们知道公众演说可以给自己的职业、生活带来更多活力与色彩；但另一方面，他们又因为太敏感于别人对自己的评价，而迟迟不愿（敢）动身去试。

作为一名拥有四年半会龄的土司马斯（国际演说组织Toastmasters会员的昵称），我见过为数不少的演讲高手，也接触过多得多的演讲菜鸟，期间受到启发无数；受彭萦邀请，在这里谈谈内向的人突破公众演说的策略。

请看，内向者的（英语）公众演说三步曲：

第一步：磨练语音语调

内向的你，对外界的评价往往十分敏感。一句赞美的话，可以让你熬过无数难关；但一句负面评价，便可能令你瞬间泄气。对此，“打磨好语音语调”，拥有神奇的疗效（电视购物广告来了！~_~）。

原因很简单：我们生活在一个人们仰慕“纯正口音”的国度里。只要你拥有比较“纯正”的美式口音（其他国家的“纯正”发音不那么受待见，比如，“纯正”的印度口音），那么你一开口，就很容易获得人们的认可，从而获得更多前行的“信心燃料”。

打磨语音语调可以短期（比如，1-3个月）内突破：如果你不差钱，到新东方上个语音课程是个很好的选择；如果你不愿意花钱，在网上找个靠谱的语音教程免费学习也不错。我在高中时曾花了一个月的生活费，购买李阳疯狂英语的语音教程学习（他的“家庭暴力”固然令人厌恶，但他的发音教程是个不错的选择）。

在搞定美语发音后，我花了2个月的时间，下功夫背熟了几篇著名的演讲、散文、诗歌（比如，我最喜欢的The Gettysburg Address，罗素的What I Have Lived for等）——前后3个月左右的时间，几百上千遍的专注练习，让我的语音语调以及对英语的感觉都有了飞跃，为我在之后的演讲训练奠定了厚实的基础。

第二步：积累优质内容

若你的语音语调已经非常地道，但所说的内容空洞无物，那么你充其量只是一个美国农民或工人

（没有对工人、农民不敬，只是实事求是地陈述），很快，人们就会对你失去兴趣，更别说仰慕了。要成为一名演讲高手，你需要积累优质内容（quality content）来征服你的观众。

我比较偏执地认为，内向的人，有一个巨大的优势：思考问题比较深入。既然这是优势，那就应该发扬光大。你可以每周拿出1-2个小时，好好梳理自己与众不同的观点，记录相关的有趣故事，作为自己将来“惊人之语”的重要来源。

创建北京第一家Toastmasters俱乐部的，是一位叫Keith的美国人。他告诉我，他用Access软件装了一万多个有用的素材，有的只是一段名言警句，有的只是一个新奇的观点，而有的，则是长达数分钟的故事。正是这样的积累，他的每次演说我才会听得如痴如醉；而也正是这样的积累，才使得他能在挑战性极高的Executive Coaching（高管训练）的工作中出类拔萃。

另一个积累优质内容的方法，是多上TED.com这样的网站上看演讲。这个网站汇集了世界各地最有创意、最具前瞻视野的精英人物的思想和观点，每天泡上30分钟，慢慢地，你的想法会变得深刻，你的观点会变得多元——最后，当你与观众分享时，受到礼遇就是一件水到渠成的事。

第三步：参加演讲活动

前两步是可以私底下进行的准备工作，接下来就应该“是骡子是马拉出来溜溜”了。“没反馈，无进步”，这是学习任何技能时都适用的准则。内向的你特别在意别人的评价，因此，如何给你反馈至关重要。如果一味赞扬，你得不到进步，甚至觉得对方虚伪；但如果给予反馈不得法，又很可能伤害你的自尊自信，断送你的演讲之旅。

Toastmasters演说组织能很好地解决这个问题：在俱乐部的演讲活动上，你得到的反馈，永远充满鼓励；而因为有俱乐部手册的指导，给你反馈的人又不至于“瞎说”！因此，你的自尊心将得到呵护，你的自信心会在不断的进步中得到加强。

我曾拉我的一个大学小师弟去参加Toastmasters活动。这位跟女生说话都会脸红的羞涩男生，第一次上台做自我介绍时，报完名字后，就满脸通红，再也说不下去了！就这样一个简直无可救药的家伙，在俱乐部大量的“鼓励性反馈”下，经过半年多时间的练习，已经能用正常的语速颇为自信地做完一个7分钟的演讲，偶尔，还能爆出个挺不错的笑话。我想，无论如何，你也该比我的师弟强

吧。别再等了，take action NOW！!不要等到万事具备才去做；很多时候，做了，得到了“反馈”，你才会发现自己“真正”需要什么。

上面的三步曲，提供的不是“短平快”的碎片化技巧，而是一个“优化表达-锻造内容-善用反馈”的正循环。在这个循环里，你的信心将得到加强，你的优势将得到发挥，你的进步将得以量化。希望你在这个循环里，寻找到属于自己的节奏。

by 嘉宾 Kevin Huang

封面图 Crowded by Simon Oxley

彭萦提示：到toastmasters.org上，点击find a club按钮，你就可以快速找到你所在城市的所有Toastmasters的俱乐部哦。有的是一周一次，有的是两周一次，你刚开始可以随意去参加试听几次，感受不同俱乐部的风格，再最后挑一家正式加入。

#周四每周多学个技能#

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第二篇：《内向者优势》读后感

《内向者优势》读后感

推荐内向的朋友，或者觉得自己的孩子是内向的朋友看。也许会有收获。

书是战隼的微信公众账号推荐的，立刻找来看，几乎一气呵成地看完。觉得写得很不错，推荐给我认为典型内向性格的刘兄。刘兄看了以后大呼写得太到位，赞“这是我近期看的最有价值的一本书”。他说“这本书让我少了很多纠结，我想对自己今后的行为方式都会有很大的影响”。

作者说，外向和内向的人的比例是3:1，所以这是个外向人占主导的世界。在这样的世界里，内向的人该如何更好地生活？这就是本书要解决的问题。作者自己就是一个典型的内向的人，在书中，她几乎一直说“我们”如何如何。这种第一人称的叙述，极大地拉进了和读者的距离，读起来非常真实。偶尔有些描述和我吻合的，我也觉得分外亲切，直击内心。

在阅读的过程中，我一直将作者提及的各种内向的标准来衡量自己以及身边的人。经常有惊艳的感觉：说的太准了！不过次数多了，我也警觉起来。发现作者描述内向者特质的方式很像是星象学家在描述星座的特点，很容易对号入座，但深究起来又会发现这种描述是模糊的、没有指向性的。到底是心灵鸡汤还是客观描述？读完以后，我想我还是倾向于后者。

作者认为，性格内向和外向的人最大的差别有四点：精力的来源、精力的恢复、对刺激的反应，以及他们对知识和经验的接近方式。

性格内向的人，从他们的内在世界，如思想、情绪和观念中获得精力；对外界的刺激比较敏感，有意识地或无意识地从外部世界吸收信息，如果他们不减少来自外部世界的刺激，他们内在的思想、情感和印象就永远也不能上升到外部；在积累知识和经验时，喜欢进行窄一点、深入。性格外向的人的精力的来源是外部世界——如各种各样的社交活动、形形色色的人们、不同的场合和事物；因多种多样的刺激而获得这样那样的成功；性格外向的人通过讲话进行思考，他们需要另外的人听着他们讲话，以整理自己的想法和情感，他们可能不需要对方的回答；在积累知识和经验时，一般会将网撒得很开……性格内向的人比性格外向的人有较多的血液流向大脑。性格内向和性格外向的人，其血液流动的通路是不同的。

而其中，最为显着的差别是精力的恢复。不管在人前表现得怎样，恢复精力的基本方法表明了谁性格内向而谁性格外向。比如，辛苦工作一天，你是愿意和朋友一起去吃个饭唱个歌，还是独自回家洗个热水澡，安安静静看看书听听音乐上上网睡一大觉呢？如果选择前者，你基本就是外向型；如果选择后者，那你多半是内向的人了。

——对这点判断我是存疑的。忙了一天累得像条狗，大部分人应该都想回家躺在沙发上不动弹吧？虽然不排除有精力旺盛白天拼命工作，晚上夜生活也丰富多彩的人，但就我观察这样的人并不多。而且，这里面更大的差异不是内向还是外向，而是身体素质和体力吧！这个问题我跟刘兄探讨了，他倒是颇为认同作者，大致的逻辑是：外向的人精力更旺盛一些，内向的人更容易疲惫一些。照这么推理的话，对体力要求比较高的工作，比如运动员，是不是不适合内向的人呢？好像也不是这样。也许我需要更多内向的朋友现身说法。

最有趣的是书的第三章，作者指出，性格外向的人需要多巴胺的伙伴，肾上腺素，它从交感神经系统的活动中释放出来，使大脑中具有更多的多巴胺。所以，性格外向的人越活跃，就会越快乐。另外一方面，性格内向的人对多巴胺却是高度的敏感。太多的多巴胺使他们感到刺激太多。性格内向的人，在他们较占优势的神经传导通路上使用的是一种完全不同的神经递质，乙酰胆碱。乙酰胆碱是使我们的记忆机器性能良好的润滑油。当它用干后，机器就会变得不灵活。性格内向的人需要一个多巴胺既不要太多也不要太少、乙酰胆碱处于较好的水平的有限的范围，以使他们感到平静，以及没有压抑和焦虑。这是一个让人感到很舒适，但却太小的区域。总之，性格外向的人与多巴胺/肾上腺素、精力消耗、交感神经系统相联系，性格内向的人与乙酰胆碱、精力储备和副交感神经系统相联系。乙酰胆碱可以增加注意力、记忆力和幸福感，使用乙酰胆碱的神经传导通路支配着性格内向的人。看起来非常有科学感。

我上网搜索了多巴胺、肾上腺素、乙酰胆碱、交感神经、副交感神经等关键词。简单地说“多巴胺、肾上腺素、乙酰胆碱”都是神经传导物质，多巴胺主要负责大脑的情欲，感觉，将兴奋及开心的信息传递，也与上瘾有关【当我们积极做某事时，脑中会非常活络的分泌出大量多巴胺荷尔蒙。它是一种使人类引起欲望的荷尔蒙，但多巴胺分泌过量会过度消耗体力和热量，导致早死。】；当人经历某些刺激（例如兴奋，恐惧，紧张等），分泌出肾上腺素，能让人呼吸加快（提供大量氧气），心跳与血液流动加速，瞳孔放大，为身体活动提供更多能量，使反应更加快速。乙酰胆碱在脑健康方面扮演一个核心角色，不同神经功能都需要乙酰胆碱，但它对大脑的某些部分尤其重要。(www.xiexiebang.com)例如，涉及记忆，学习和情绪等方面的大脑部分都需要使用乙酰胆碱。此外，选择，思考到集中注意力等脑功能也需要它。交感神经的功能可被概括为“Fight or Flight”（战斗或逃走）。交感神经主要作用于平滑肌和腺细胞。交感神经兴奋会引起腹腔内脏及皮肤末梢血管收缩、心率加快，心脏收缩能力增强、瞳孔散大和新陈代谢率上升等。副交感神经的主要功能是使瞳孔缩小，心跳减慢，皮肤和内脏血管舒张，小支气管收缩，胃肠蠕动加强，括约肌松弛，唾液和泪液分泌增多，男性生殖器的勃起等。客观来说，多巴胺、肾上腺素、乙酰胆碱各有各的功能；交感神经和副交感神经也共同支配大部分的器官受到两者的，大部分情况下，两者相互拮抗（例外：唾液分泌），因而可以实现对该器官的精细调节，实现内环境的稳态。为什么说“性格外向的人需要多巴胺的伙伴，肾上腺素”而“性格内向的人对多巴胺却是高度的敏感”？这种需求和敏感性是天生的嘛？是人体组织结构造成的嘛？那人的内向和外向就是天生的了？内向还是外向不是性格的不同，而是人脑组织结构（对外界的刺激反应）的不同？另外，这种大脑的应激性的不同，是怎么产生的呢？天生的么？跟遗传有关系么？还有，这种应激性是否可以改变呢？如果不可以改变，那么是不是一个人是内向还是外向就是不可改变的？如果可以改变，怎么才能改变呢？说实话，这部分没读懂。

之所以找这本书来看，还是因为母亲的角色。我自己是个外向的人，孩子他爸内向。孩子给我的感觉应该是内向的，但我又不是很肯定。本来想借这本书来判断一下的，似乎还是无法下结论。作者在书中说，如果性格内向的人在一个其他家庭成员的性格都很外向的家庭情境中长大，或是在父母虽然性格内向但感到不应该内向的家庭情境中长大，孩子们就会体验到要作为一个“性格外向、好交际的人”所带来的巨大压力。作为一个比较外向活跃的妈，我不想给孩子这样的压力。哪怕孩子的确是一个（很）内向的人，我也不希望强迫他改变什么。书中，作者给出了培养内向孩子的一些方法，我觉得都是值得尝试的。包括：要求您的孩子注意一下，完整的观点、解决办法和印象是在什么时候变得清晰起来的；很重要的是要帮助您的孩子，对他们大脑的工作方式有足够的认识；让孩子寻找可以与他们谈话的知识丰富的人；当您的性格内向的孩子还在小的时候，就要开始与他们谈论：他们的身体和大脑是如何工作的，以及如何对之加以管理。为了思考、感觉和行动，我们的身体需要能量。

虽然我觉得自己整体上是偏外向型的人（其实我们身边很少绝对内向或绝对外向的人，一般都是“偏内向”或“偏外向”），但作者提出的一些精力管理的建议，对我也是颇为适用的。比如，要避免精疲力竭。如果您感到焦躁不安，学习一些让自己平静下来的方法。比如，要保持精力充沛，重要的是要知道您自己的高潮和低潮——什么时候您工作最有效率，在各个项目上分配多少时间等。比如悦纳自己，小步子地做事，找到自己的节奏和精力分配的方式等。

在工作、夫妻生活等方面，作者也给出了非常中肯的建议，看起来也很可行。

作者说：最重要的是，做真实的自己。作为父母，最重要的是，支持孩子做真实的自己，帮助他做最好的自己——这些其实对每个人、对每个孩子都是适用的。

最后，作者写了几句话送给内向的人，我觉得很好，摘录在这里。

享受生活，适当休息。

欣赏您的内心世界。

做一个真实可信的人，珍视您的好奇心。

享受心境的和谐。

享受独处。

对生活充满感激。

做您自己。

记着，让您的光芒洒向四方。

第三篇：内向者的励志篇

内向者的励志篇

1999年7月，巴菲特在太阳谷的银行年会上发表演讲。演讲先用自嘲来开场，他说自己是个害怕公开演讲的人，更喜欢把自己关在办公室里，以至于他得参加卡内基的课程来学习如何克服内向。在这次演讲中，巴菲特30年来首次公开预测，互联网的牛市不会长久。显然，大家没把他的预测当真。五个月后，时代华纳与美国在线宣布合并。交易完成次日，《纽约时报》头版的大标题是《特德。特纳：比性生活还好》。特德。特纳--时代华纳最大股东，一个极其外向的人--把这次合并决策与自己第一次性经历相提并论，“无比激动、热情洋溢”。可惜第二年，正如巴菲特预言的那样，互联网泡沫破裂，时代华纳的股东为这次合并损失了2000亿美元。

这些跟内向和外向有什么关系呢？当我们投资时，难道不是所有人都会有失去自制力的时候吗？没错，只是有些人会失去更多罢了。有研究表明，外向型投资者更有可能陷入过度回报敏感，而内向者会更多地注意到警示信号，较好地控制自己渴望激动的情绪。另一项针对64名投资银行投资人的研究发现，表现最优的往往是情绪稳定的内向者。

《安静：内向性格的竞争力》对内向者的研究远不限于投资领域。事实上，它是一本关于内向者的理论、实验成果、可能解释以及人生经历的集大成之书。作者苏珊。凯恩是个本性沉默内向的女人，但同时又是华尔街律师，这种巨大的反差曾给她带来难以面对的恐惧和烦恼。华尔街以及整个商业社会，都认同她称之为“外向理想型”的价值系统，即最理想的自我状态是善于交际的、健谈的、喜欢行动冒险、自如于聚光灯下。苏珊在“外向理想型”社会环境中挣扎求生并成功，同时又保持本性的经历，是这本书最初的缘起。

从某种意义上说，这是一本写给内向读者的励志书。如果他们第一次知道，比尔。盖茨、盖伊。川崎、马克。扎克伯格这些企业家都是内向人格时，会不会心生安慰呢？但仅仅讲述一些内向名人或普通人的成功故事，就太浅薄了。令人惊叹的是，苏珊援引了内向性格研究的大量最新学术成果，有理有据地展示了，在一个喋喋不休的世界里，保持安静沉默的优势与潜在力量。

内向并非次一等的性格，但当内向者需要表现不同的自我时，该如何应对？苏珊给出的答案来自利特尔教授。开创“自由特质理论”的利特尔教授，是个超级内向者，同时又是成功演讲家。有一次，他告诉著名脱口秀主持人佐斯奇：“每次演讲结束后，我会躲进第9个厕所间。”佐斯奇答道：“每次节目结束，我会躲进第8 个。”这不是笑话，很多人都处在某种程度的外向伪装中。利特尔教授认为，内向者可以在某些“个人核心项目”中超越自己的性格限制，换言之，内向者可以为了他们认为重要的工作、爱的人，或者任何他们重视的事情表现出外向者的一面。关键是用正确的步骤确定自己的“个人核心项目”，这样当内向者戴上外向面具时，只是为了一项值得的任务作出的暂时改变，而不是自我否定。另一个法宝是“恢复壁龛”。它可能是空间上的，比如利特尔教授的厕所间；也可能是时间上的，就像两个工作会议之间为自己留出的音乐空隙。

作为一个内向的作者，苏珊已经讲了太多。但最终的答案，仍然是“做你自己”。

第四篇：内向者的力量[TED]

TED 演讲稿

Susan Cain : The Power of Introverts

When I was nine years old I went off to summer camp for the first time.And my mother packed me a suitcase full of books, which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do.Because in my family, reading was the primary group activity.And this might sound antisocial to you, but for us it was really just a different way of being social.You have the animal warmth of your family sitting right next to you, but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland inside your own mind.And I had this idea that camp was going to be just like this, but better.(Laughter)I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.(Laughter)

Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol.And on the very first day our counselor gathered us all together and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing every day for the rest of the summer to instill camp spirit.And it went like this: “R-O-W-D-I-E, that's the way we spell rowdie.Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie.” Yeah.So I couldn't figure out for the life of me why we were supposed to be so rowdy, or why we had to spell this word incorrectly.(Laughter)But I recited a cheer.I recited a cheer along with everybody else.I did my best.And I just waited for the time that I could go off and read my books.But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase, the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me and she asked me, “Why are you being so mellow?”--mellow, of course, being the exact opposite of R-O-W-D-I-E.And then the second time I tried it, the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face and she repeated the point about camp spirit and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing.And so I put my books away, back in their suitcase, and I put them under my bed, and there they stayed for the rest of the summer.And I felt kind of guilty about this.I felt as if the books needed me somehow, and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them.But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase again until I was back home with my family at the end of the summer.Now, I tell you this story about summer camp.I could have told you 50 others just like it--all the times that I got the message that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being was not necessarily the right way to go, that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert.And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were.But for years I denied this intuition, and so I became a Wall Street lawyer, of all things, instead of the writer that I had always longed to be--partly because I needed to prove to myself that I could be bold and assertive too.And I was always going off to crowded bars when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends.And I made these self-negating choices so reflexively, that I wasn't even aware that I was making them.TED 演讲稿

Now this is what many introverts do, and it's our loss for sure, but it is also our colleagues' loss and our communities' loss.And at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world's loss.Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership, we need introverts doing what they do best.A third to a half of the population are introverts--a third to a half.So that's one out of every two or three people you know.So even if you're an extrovert yourself, I'm talking about your coworkers and your spouses and your children and the person sitting next to you right now--all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deep and real in our society.We all internalize it from a very early age without even having a language for what we're doing.Now to see the bias clearly you need to understand what introversion is.It's different from being shy.Shyness is about fear of social judgment.Introversion is more about, how do you respond to stimulation, including social stimulation.So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation, whereas introverts feel at their most alive and their most switched-on and their most capable when they're in quieter, more low-key environments.Not all the time--these things aren't absolute--but a lot of the time.So the key then to maximizing our talents is for us all to put ourselves in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.But now here's where the bias comes in.Our most important institutions, our schools and our workplaces, they are designed mostly for extroverts and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation.And also we have this belief system right now that I call the new groupthink, which holds that all creativity and all productivity comes from a very oddly gregarious place.So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays: When I was going to school, we sat in rows.We sat in rows of desks like this, and we did most of our work pretty autonomously.But nowadays, your typical classroom has pods of desks--four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other.And kids are working in countless group assignments.Even in subjects like math and creative writing, which you think would depend on solo flights of thought;kids are now expected to act as committee members.And for the kids who prefer to go off by themselves or just to work alone, those kids are seen as outliers often or, worse, as problem cases.And the vast majority of teachers reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert as opposed to an introvert, even though introverts actually get better grades and are more knowledgeable, according to research.(Laughter)

Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces.Now, most of us work in open plan offices,without walls, where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers.And when it comes to leadership, introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions,even though introverts tend to be very careful, much less likely to take outsize risks--which is something we might all favor nowadays.And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School has found that introverted leaders often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do, because when they are managing proactive employees, they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas, whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly, get so excited about things that they're putting their own stamp on things, and other people's ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the surface.TED 演讲稿

Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.I'll give you some examples.Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi--all these peopled described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy.And they all took the spotlight, even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to.And this turns out to have a special power all its own, because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm,not because they enjoyed directing others and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;they were there because they had no choice, because they were driven to do what they thought was right.Now I think at this point it's important for me to say that I actually love extroverts.I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts, including my beloved husband.And we all fall at different points, of course, along the introvert/extrovert spectrum.Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms, said that there's no such thing as a pure introvert or a pure extrovert.He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum, if he existed at all.And some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum,and we call these people ambiverts.And I often think that they have the best of all worlds.But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.And what I'm saying is that culturally we need a much better balance.We need more of a yin and yang between these two types.This is especially important when it comes to creativity and to productivity, because when psychologists look at the lives of the most creative people, what they find are people who are very good at exchanging ideas and advancing ideas, but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.And this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often to creativity.So Darwin, he took long walks alone in the woods and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations.Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr.Seuss, he dreamed up many of his amazing creationsin a lonely bell tower office that he had in the back of his house in La Jolla, California.And he was actually afraid to meet the young children who read his books for fear that they were expecting him this kind of jolly Santa Claus-like figure and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona.Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer sitting alone in his cubical in Hewlett-Packard where he was working at the time.And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place had he not been too introverted to leave the house when he was growing up.Now of course, this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating--and case in point, is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs to start Apple Computer--but it does mean that solitude matters and that for some people it is the air that they breathe.And in fact, we have known for centuries about the transcendent power of solitude.It's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it.If you look at most of the world's major religions, you will find seekers--Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad--seekers who are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations that they then bring back to the rest of the community.So no wilderness, no revelations.TED 演讲稿

This is no surprise though if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology.It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions.Even about seemingly personal and visceral things like who you're attracted to,you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you without even realizing that that's what you're doing.And groups famously follow the opinions of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room, even though there's zero correlation between being the best talker and having the best ideas--I mean zero.So...(Laughter)You might be following the person with the best ideas, but you might not.And do you really want to leave it up to chance? Much better for everybody to go off by themselves, generate their own ideas freed from the distortions of group dynamics, and then come together as a team to talk them through in a well-managed environment and take it from there.Now if all this is true, then why are we getting it so wrong? Why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces? And why are we making these introverts feel so guiltyabout wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time? One answer lies deep in our cultural history.Western societies, and in particular the U.S., have always favored the man of action over the man of contemplation and “man” of contemplation.But in America's early days, we lived in what historians call a culture of character, where we still, at that point, valued people for their inner selves and their moral rectitude.And if you look at the self-help books from this era, they all had titles with things like “Character, the Grandest Thing in the World.” And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln who was praised for being modest and unassuming.Ralph Waldo Emerson called him “A man who does not offend by superiority.” But then we hit the 20th century and we entered a new culture that historians call the culture of personality.What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy to a world of big business.And so suddenly people are moving from small towns to the cities.And instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives, now they are having to prove themselves in a crowd of strangers.So, quite understandably, qualities like magnetism and charisma suddenly come to seem really important.And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs and they start to have names like “How to Win Friends and Influence People.” And they feature as their role models really great salesmen.So that's the world we're living in today.That's our cultural inheritance.Now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant, and I'm also not calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all.The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops also teach us love and trust.And the problems that we are facing today in fields like science and in economics are so vast and so complex that we are going to need armies of people coming together to solve them working together.But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves, the more likely that they are to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.So now I'd like to share with you what's in my suitcase today.Guess what? Books.I have a suitcase full of books.Here's Margaret Atwood, “Cat's Eye.” Here's a novel by Milan Kundera.And here's “The Guide for the Perplexed” by Maimonides.But these are not exactly

TED 演讲稿

my books.I brought these books with me because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.My grandfather was a rabbi and he was a widower who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up, partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence and partly because it was filled with books.I mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment had yielded its original function to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books.Just like the rest of my family, my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.But he also loved his congregation, and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gaveevery week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi.He would takes the fruits of each week's reading and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought.And people would come from all over to hear him speak.But here's the thing about my grandfather.Underneath this ceremonial role, he was really modest and really introverted--so much so that when he delivered these sermons, he had trouble making eye contact with the very same congregation that he had been speaking to for 62 years.And even away from the podium, when you called him to say hello, he would often end the conversation prematurely for fear that he was taking up too much of your time.But when he died at the age of 94, the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood to accommodate the crowd of people who came out to mourn him.And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather's example in my own way.So I just published a book about introversion, and it took me about seven years to write.And for me, that seven years was like total bliss, because I was reading, I was writing, I was thinking, I was researching.It was my version of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library.But now all of a sudden my job is very different, and my job is to be out here talking about it, talking about introversion.(Laughter)And that's a lot harder for me, because as honored as I am to be here with all of you right now, this is not my natural milieu.So I prepared for moments like these as best I could.I spent the last year practicing public speaking every chance I could get.And I call this my “year of speaking dangerously.”(Laughter)And that actually helped a lot.But I'll tell you, what helps even more is my sense, my belief, my hope that when it comes to our attitudes to introversion and to quiet and to solitude, we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change.I mean, we are.And so I am going to leave you now with three calls for action for those who share this vision.Number one: Stop the madness for constant group work.Just stop it.(Laughter)Thank you.(Applause)And I want to be clear about what I'm saying, because I deeply believe our offices should be encouraging casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions--you know, the kind where people come together and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas.That is great.It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts.But we need much more privacy and much more freedom and much more autonomy at work.School, same thing.We need to be

TED 演讲稿

teaching kids to work together, for sure, but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own.This is especially important for extroverted children too.They need to work on their own because that is where deep thought comes from in part.Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness.Be like Buddha, have your own revelations.I'm not saying that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods and never talk to each other again, but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug and get inside our own heads a little more often.Number three: Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase and why you put it there.So extroverts, maybe your suitcases are also full of books.Or maybe they're full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment.Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get and grace us with your energy and your joy.But introverts, you being you, you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully what's inside your own suitcase.And that's okay.But occasionally, just occasionally, I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see, because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.So I wish you the best of all possible journeys and the courage to speak softly.Thank you very much.(Applause)Thank you.Thank you.(Applause)

第五篇：内向者优势读书心得

内向者优势

Carl Jung的内向和外向理论是心理学中最为有名的类型论。由于心理学发展中的一些问题(如Freud在写作自恋方面的文章时，开始将内向用做消极的概念，其广泛的影响使人们对内向形成了错误的观念)和社会文化对外向性格的偏爱，性格内向在当今成为稍有贬义的词汇，许多人羞于承认或惮于面对自己内向的性格。

而《内向者优势》打破常规，直面性格内向这一问题，指出性格内向有其固有的生理基础，指出认可自己内向性格的重要性。特别地，该书用大量事例生动形象地展示了性格内向的种种优势和隐藏的潜力，如高度集中注意力的能力，观察力，摆脱限制、思考问题的能力，作出不寻常决定的意志力，使外界放缓脚步的潜力，以及忠诚，富有创造性，富有新颖的想法和渊博的学识等。

《内向者优势》是内向性格方面的一本专著，可供心理学工作者和每一位对内向性格感兴趣的个人阅读和思索。全书包括三部分共10章。

第一部分:“离水之鱼”，包括第一章至第三章。第一章“什么是性格内向?您也是性格内向的人吗?”介绍了性格内向和性格外向的主要差别，及通过快速测验或较长的性格内向者自我评估问卷进行自我评价的方法。第二章“为什么性格内向的人容易被误解?”通过大量现实生活中的人物和文艺作品、电影、电视中的人物来例证指出，性格内向的人不一定就是害羞、精神分裂或高度神经过敏的人，并提出了罪恶感和羞耻感的解决办法。第三章“脱颖而出的脑图:我们天生就是性格内向的吗?”从基因、神经传导通路、神经递质、右脑或左脑占优势等角度指出，性格内向和性格外向都有其生理基矗

第二部分:“航行于外向性格的水域”，包括第四章至第七章，涉及婚姻、家庭、社交和工作几方面的内容。第四章“婚姻关系:和着音乐，翩翩起舞”，从约会谈起，描述了三种性格类型相结合的婚姻关系，并指出了每一种结合类型的机遇、挑战及矛盾的解决办法。第五章“为人父母:他们已经做好准备了吗?”指出了判断孩子是“性格内向”还是“性格外向”的方法，以及帮助“性格内向”和“性格外向”的孩子茁壮成长的方法。第六章“社交活动:您是聚会上的„傻子‟还是„疯子‟？”详尽地阐述了社交活动之前的思考和策略，社交场合中非常有用的七项非正式的社交策略，及离开的策略等。第七章“工作:朝九晚五的危险”生动形象地阐述了性格内向的人如何散发一点自己的光芒，如何提高自己的言语技能，如何应对常见的几种压力，以及如何配合领导的工作等。

第三部分：“创造„正好合适的‟生活”，包括第八章至第十章。第八章“三个P:个人的节奏、个人优先考虑的事情和个人的边界”从如标题所示的几个方面阐释了应对内向性格、创造美好生活的方法。第九章“发展您的天性”从休息、呼吸、空间、光线及温度、气味、音乐、营养、睡眠、运动、朋友等诸多方面阐释了培育自己这朵“郁金香”的方法。第十章“外倾:将您的光芒洒向四方”指出增强信心、打破常规、学会放松娱乐的重要性，并提出了可以使人尽可能轻松而又愉悦地实现外倾的一些非常有效的策略。

总之，该书围绕“性格内向的优势”具体阐释了性格内向的人的天性发展、工作生活、环境创造等诸多问题。该书体系完整、资料翔实、科学性强、富有创新性，且文字优美流畅，适于阅读和思索。该书有助于人们发挥出自身的潜能，利用内向性格的优势在工作、生活中获得真正的成功，从而创造美好的、“正好合适的”生活。