10月18日翻译练习题

第一篇：10月18日翻译练习题

Protection of the milk supply endangered by a federal program is therefore left to the states themselves.Inquiries addressed to the health officers or other appropriate officials revealed that no tests had been made and that it simply was not known whether the milk was contaminated with pesticides or not.Meanwhile, after rather than before the control program was launched, some research into the peculiar nature of heptachlor was done.Perhaps it would be more accurate to say that someone looked up the research already published, since the basic fact that brought about belated action by the federal

government had been discovered several years before, and should have influenced the initial handling of the program.This is the fact that heptachlor, after a short period in the tissues of animals or plants or in the soil, assumes a considerably more toxic form known as heptachlor epoxide.The epoxide is popularly described as “an oxidation product” produced by weathering.The fact that this transformation could occur had been known since 1952;when the Food and Drug Administration discovered that female rats, fed 30 parts per million of heptachlor, had stored 165 parts per million of the more poisonous epoxide only two weeks later.一项由联邦政府主导的牛奶供应计划已陷入危机中，只好由州政府自己操作.通过向卫生部门或其它相关部门调查，发现没有对牛奶进行质量检测，甚至不知道牛奶是否受到杀虫剂的污染。同时，在这个保护牛奶供给质量项目开始实施之前而不是之后，对七氯(一种杀虫剂)病理形成因素已经开始研究中了.更准确地说有人见到研究结果已经公布了，正是对七氯的研究结果才使得联邦政府开始开展这个迟到了好几年的质量保护项目，而且这个结果应该会影响到该项目的初始操作。研究结果表明，七氯在动植物组织或土壤内短时间存在后，会形成一种毒性更大的物质叫做环氧七氯。环氧化物普遍被认为是一种氧化产物，人们从1952年就已经知道这种氧化物的转变会发生。当时美国食品药物安全局通过一项实验表明，当一个雌性老鼠被喂食30PPM的七氯后，再短短两个礼拜后，体内便能形成165PPM的环氧七氯。

杜婷

34号

第二篇：2011.09.26翻译练习题

翻译练习题：(注意增词法和减词法的应用)

1.Whether one is in a job looking to advance on the career ladder or unemployed looking for

work, the only way to succeed is to market himself or herself.2.Curriculum Vitae or Resume’ Business Cards, and References or Letters of Recommendation

form previous employers must all be in impeccable condition before one takes any concrete action to engage oneself into another working environment.3.Employers’ first point of contact with the applicant will be what they see on paper, so it must

look proficient to create a good impression.4.Happiness is the ultimate principle whoever one is, a prince or a pauper.And undeniably

smile and friendly approach will make one look upbeat and interesting, which will greatly enhance one’s chances of winning the interviewer’s favor and consequently market oneself successfully.5.Consider a variety of questions that one may be asked at interview then consider answers to

the questions.Get a friend to pretend as the interviewer and then rehearse how to tackle them.This will let one brush up on interviewing skills, and make one appear more confident on the day.6.Even if the job applied for does not require professional attire, one should still wear a business

suit, unless told otherwise.If in doubt, the safest option is to dress conservatively.Having the right look will not only help one present the right image, it will increase one’s self-confidence, enabling one to concentrate all their energies into what they have to say, rather than worrying about how people respond to their looks.7.The interviewee’s role in the interview process is to convince the employer that he or she is

the right person for the job.Thus, any clothes, which will distract the employer’s attention from delivering that message, should be avoided.8.An individual’s personality plays an important part in how they perform in their job.Potential

employers can gain an insight into a person’s overall character, especially when these tests are used alongside other tests and methods of assessment.Candidates are usually presented with a series of multiple-choice questions to which there are no right or wrong answers—the employer obtains the information required by analyzing the candidates’ answers.Please translate the following passages

(1)Interpretation and interpreter

Although the terms interpretation and translation are often used interchangeably, by strict definition, interpretation refers to the spoken language, and translation to the written language.A competent translator should be very acquainted with the following points: a detailed knowledge of the subject matter is equally as important as academic knowledge of the language pairs, in certain cases(technical manuals for example)it plays a greater role.An ability to write well is also important.Proofreading and editing is a good way to break into the industry and the skills gained will help you later on.Although a degree may not be absolutely necessary, a qualification in translation is important.Practice the language!Take a language course or work towards a degree or whatever you feel is appropriate.Read newspapers in that language and keep abreast of the culture, listen to music and news from that country if able to.Travel to the country as often as you are able to.No course of study will ever be 100% perfect.Only you can judge whether it is the right one to meet your needs.Those basic qualifications will help one get started but after that it is one’s experience on the job and performance as a translator that counts.There are more opportunities for free-lance translators than in-house.Attend local translation events and seminars.It will not only help one learn more about different subjects, it will also help one make contacts in the translation and interpreting field.Interpretation is generally categorized into consecutive interpretation(交替式翻译，交传)and simultaneous interpretation（同声传译，同传）.The former refers to the circumstance where the interpreter waits until a complete statement has been spoken and then begins interpreting(so only one person is speaking at a time).It is used primarily to interpret witness testimony, a situation in which everyone in the courtroom needs to hear the interpretation.Simultaneous interpretation is generally considered inappropriate for witness testimony—unless the courtroom is equipped with wireless equipment for that purpose—because hearing two voices at once is too distracting.A court interpreter is anyone who interprets in a civil or criminal court proceeding(e.g., arraignment, motion, pretrial conference, preliminary hearing, deposition, trial)for a witness or defendant who speaks or understands little or no English.Court interpreters must accurately interpret for individuals with a high level of education and an expansive vocabulary, as well as person with very limited language skills without changing the language register of the speaker.For the other languages, the following self-study techniques are suggested:(1)expand your vocabulary,(2)develop your own glossaries, and(3)develop interpreting techniques, namely, consecutive interpretation, simultaneous interpretation, and sight translation.In addition to total fluency in both English and the foreign language, a court interpreter should have excellent public speaking and interpersonal skills.Sometimes the testimony to be interpreted

is shocking or traumatic, and the interpreter must be able to deal with such matters without becoming emotionally involved.The interpreter must also be able to refrain from expressing personal opinions or acting as an advocate for one side or the other in a court case, and must be able to work unobtrusively.The interpreter must be able to work well under pressure and react quickly to solve complex linguistic and ethical problems as they arise.On the other hand, when a problem cannot be solved by the interpreter alone, the interpreter must demonstrate the good judgment required to inform the court of that fact and take whatever steps are necessary to resolve the situation.And finally, good court interpreters constantly strive to improve their skills by reading from a wide variety of sources, attending conferences, researching new terms and concepts, and honing their interpreting techniques.There is a great demand for certified court interpreters in areas with large immigrant populations.Most court interpreters work as freelance or per-diem interpreters, meaning that they are hired by the day or the half day, rather than being permanent employees of the trial courts.Some trial courts, however, have permanent positions for court interpreters.A freelance interpreter must be willing to travel from one trial court to another, perhaps even from one county trial court system to another, to be assured of full-time work.Court interpreters are generally paid by the whole or half day.Currently, court interpreters are paid $265 a day and $147 for half day.Trial court systems that have permanent positions for court interpreters pay between $30,000 and $66,000 per year, depending on location and experience.Interpreters of languages for which there is no state certifying examination are called “registered interpreters of non-designated languages”.Non-designated languages are languages for which there are no state certifying examinations.Registered interpreters must meet the requirements developed for court interpreters as well as pass an English proficiency exam that tests their knowledge of English, court procedure, and professional ethics.Professional associations offer workshops and conferences at which novices are welcome.Introductory courses in court interpreting at colleges and universities are also good sources of information.Attending court sessions at one’s local courthouse will give one a good idea of the kinds of proceedings in which one will be expected to interpret, and one may be able to observe a certified court interpreter at work。

重点词汇+同义词扩充

competent: capable, able adept, skilled

acquaint: familiarize, notify, inform

primarily: chiefly, mainly, principally, predominantly

fluency: eloquence, facility, glibness

traumatic---shocking, distressing, upsetting, painful

resolve---solve, settle, come to a decision

strive---endeavor, do one’s utmost, make every effort, go all out

hone---refine, polish, perfect, enhance

novice---beginner, apprentice, greenhorn

第三篇：NAATI翻译练习题(中英)

Tax Burden’s a Barrier to Competition

税负有碍竞争

Australia now has one of the highest business tax burdens(that is, business tax raised relative to GDP)in the world, and that the business tax burden is considerably higher than in countries with far higher levels of overall taxation and spending than Australia.目前澳大利亚的商业税负(即相对于其GDP来说，所征得的商业税)为全球最高。而且在许多总体税负和支出远高于澳大利亚的国家里，它们的商业税负却较澳大利亚而难以望项其背。

乒乓乓[-0Australian companies face a tax burden more than double that of their rivals in the US, almost double that of companies in Britain, higher than most of our regional competitors, and higher than all the other countries in the OECD, except for Norway and Luxembourg.Many of these countries are continuing to reform their business tax structures to further reduce the tax burden on business.澳大利亚公司所承担的税负相当于美国公司的两倍多，也几乎是英国公司的两倍，同时高于来自本地区其它国家的竞争对手，并且高于除挪威和卢森堡之外的所有欧洲经济合作与发展组织成员国。这些国家中，大部分都在不断改革商业税的结构以进一步减轻商业税负。

This means Australia is losing ground as a competitive investment destination.It is noteworthy that Australia's share of global inward foreign direct investment has fallen from 4.1 per cent in 1990, to 2.1 per cent in 2005.这意味着澳大利亚正逐渐丧失其作为投资地的竞争优势。值得一提的是，澳大利亚在1990年吸引的直接外资占全球外资总额的4.1%，这个比例在2005年下跌到了2.1%。

Arguments that the rise in the business tax burden reflects the strong growth in profits in Australia are flawed.According to this year’s Federal Budget papers, the effective corporate tax rate has risen in recent years.有人认为提高商业税负反映了澳大利亚的商业利润提升迅猛，这一说法有失偏颇。根据今年的联邦预算文件，有效公司税率近年来有所增长。

In addition, Treasury's own revenue experts have acknowledged that the increase in business taxes reflects more than rising corporate profits, to such an extent that they have revised the way they forecast tax revenues.另外，财政部的御用税收专家承认增加商业税负所反映的问题远甚于公司利润的增长，因此他们修正了先前对税收的预测。

Only by having a competitive business tax system will we avoid our companies becoming branch offices of overseas businesses and attract sufficient foreign investment to maintain our prosperity.只有建立一套具有竞争力的商业税负制度，我们才能免于沦为海外跨国公司的分支机构，并且吸引充足的外资来维持经济繁荣。

Word count: 250 words

NAATI真题2007-11-28 13:53Action Required to Make Education Australia’s Advantage 必须采取措施打造澳大利亚优势教育

Too many young Australians are being left behind by our school education system, a discussion paper released today by the Business Council of Australia has found.今天，澳大利亚工商会(Business Council of Australia)发布了一份论述报告，指出澳大利亚绝大多数的年轻人由于本国学校教育体制的不力，正逐渐落后于别国的同龄人。

The paper highlights that Australia is at risk of falling behind countries such as Finland, Japan and Korea when it comes to measuring key education outcomes in areas including maths and science learning and attainment.该报告强调，如果对数理化学习和造诣等方面的重点教育成果进行评估，澳大利亚可能会落后于芬兰、日本和韩国等国家。

In responding to this challenge, the paper identifies a five-point plan to overhaul school education so that every young Australian has access to a world-leading education system.为解决这个问题，报告列出了整改学校教育的五点方案，旨在使澳大利亚的全体年轻人能接触世界先进的教育体制。

BCA President, Mr Michael Chaney, said: “While far-reaching changes have taken place in the way the wider community works, communicates and is organised, many aspects of our school system have not changed since the 1960s”.澳大利亚工商会主席迈克尔·钱尼(Michael Chaney)说，“尽管我们全社会在组建、运作和交流方面发生了深远的变化，但是我们的学校体制在许多方面仍停留在20世纪60年代的水平。

The paper identifies the following five strategies required to lift school education outcomes: 报告列举了开发学校教育成果必需的五点策略如下：

1.Greater early intervention – identifying potential learning problems before they become entrenched, difficult and costly to address.1.尽早介入--及时发现潜在的学习问题，以免它们发展得根深蒂固，解决起来则难度大，代价高。

2.Increased customisation – making education and training more responsive to the needs, interests and aspirations of individual learners.2.加强因材施教--使教育和培训更能针对不同学生的需要、兴趣和志向。

3.Strengthening the teaching profession – improving the professional support structure and conditions for teachers and school leaders to strengthen their ability to develop and work as highly qualified, knowledgeable professionals.3.完善教学职业--为教师和学校领导改善专业支持结构和条件，从而提高他们工作和发展的能力，使他们成为高素质、有学识的教学人员。

4.Increased investment – increasing public investment in education.4.增加投资--增加教育领域的公共投资。

5.Improved governance – clarifying roles and responsibilities and improving mechanisms for ensuring that education and training is meeting the needs of individuals and the Australian society.5.加强管理--明确分工和职责，改善机制，以确保教育培训能满足澳大利亚社会及个人的需要。Vaccine delivered in GM rice to cure cholera

转基因水稻疫苗可治霍乱

A new rice-based vaccine could give developing nations a cheap and effective treatment against the killer disease cholera, Japanese researchers say.日本科研人员宣布，一种新的水稻疫苗可以为发展中国家提供廉价而有效的疗法，治疗足以致命的霍乱病。

Unlike conventional cholera shots, which have to be refrigerated right up to the point of delivery, the genetically modified rice vaccine has a shelf life of several years at room temperature.传统的霍乱疫苗针剂在交付使用之前需要一直冷藏。与传统疫苗针剂不同，这种转基因水稻疫苗可以在室温下保存数年。

That would make the experimental treatment not only cheaper but much easier to distribute in cholera hot spots like Africa, Latin America and parts of Asia.这样一来，这种实验性疗法不仅成本低廉，而且更便于在霍乱病高发地带如非洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲部分地区推广。

Dr Tomonori Nochi at the University of Tokyo's Institute of Medical Science and colleagues publish their research online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.东京大学医学研究所的野地智法博士和他的同事在美国国家科学院汇刊(the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)在线发表了他们的研究成果。

The researchers inserted a gene from cholera bacteria, Vibrio cholerae, into the genome of the Kitaake rice plant.研究员将一种从霍乱孤菌提取出来的基因植入Kitaake水稻的基因组中。

The gene expressed a subunit of the disease-causing cholera toxin B, about 30 micrograms of which accumulated in each rice seed.该基因显现出一组致病性B型霍乱毒素的子群，每颗水稻种子里可积聚约30微克这种毒素。

Mice then ate the transgenic rice in the form of powder, absorbing the cholera toxin B antigen.接着，让白鼠进食磨成粉末状的转基因稻米，从而吸收了B型霍乱毒素抗原。

This caused their immune system to release very specific antibodies that were capable of neutralising the cholera toxin.这使得白鼠体内的免疫系统释放出特殊的抗体，这种抗体可以灭杀霍乱毒素。

The rice-based vaccine was also resistant to digestion by gastric juices in the stomach and remained active even after long-term storage at room temperature.另外，该水稻疫苗还不容易被胃液消化，而且在可以在室温的贮藏条件下长期存活。

“Rice-based mucosal vaccines offer a highly practical and cost-effective strategy for orally vaccinating large populations against mucosal infections, including those that may result from an act of bioterrorism,” the authors conclude.发明者总结说：“黏膜性水稻疫苗提供了极其实用且合算的办法为大规模人群进行口服预防接种，以防止 黏膜传染病，包括那些由生化恐怖袭击引起的传染。”

Cholera bacteria, which are typically spread through contaminated food and water, cause acute diarrhoea that can lead to dehydration and shock.霍乱菌，主要通过受染的食品或水传播，会引起急性腹泻，从而可能导致脱水和休克。

第四篇：醉翁亭记原文翻译及练习题

醉翁亭记北宋欧阳修

选自《欧阳文忠公文集》

环滁（chú）皆山也。其西南诸峰，林壑(hè)尤美，望之蔚然而深秀者，琅琊（láng yá）也。山行六七里，渐闻水声潺（chán）潺而泻出于两峰之间者，酿泉也。峰回路转，有亭翼然临于泉上者，醉翁亭也。作亭者谁？山之僧曰智仙也。名之者谁？太守自谓也。太守与客来饮于此，饮少辄(zhé)醉，而年又最高，故自号曰“醉翁”也。醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之间也。山水之乐，得之心而寓之酒也。

若夫（fú）日出而林霏(fēi)开，云归而岩穴（xué）暝（míng），晦（huì）明变化者，山间之朝暮也。野芳发而幽香，佳木秀而繁阴，风霜高洁，水落而石出者，山间之四时也。朝而往，暮而归，四时之景不同，而乐亦无穷也。

至于负者歌于途，行者休于树，前者呼，后者应，伛（yǔ）偻（lǚ）提携（xié)，往来而不绝者，滁（chú）人游也。临溪而渔，溪深而鱼肥，酿泉为酒，泉香而酒洌（liè），山肴(yáo)野蔌（sù），杂然而前陈者，太守宴也。宴酣（hān）之乐，非丝非竹，射者中，弈（yì）者胜，觥（gōng）筹（chóu）交错，起坐而喧哗者，众宾欢也。苍颜白发，颓（tuí）然乎其间者，太守醉也。

已而夕阳在山，人影散乱，太守归而宾客从也。树林阴翳（yì），鸣声上下，游人去而禽鸟乐也。然而禽鸟知山林之乐，而不知人之乐；人知从太守游而乐，而不知太守之乐其乐也。醉能同其乐，醒能述以文者，太守也。太守谓谁？庐陵欧阳修也。

译文

环绕着滁州城的都是山。在它西南的各个山峰中，树林和山谷尤其美丽。远远望去树木茂盛、（景色）幽深秀丽的就是琅琊山。在山中行走六七里，渐渐听见潺潺的流水声，远远望去（看见）从两座山峰中间倾泻而下的，就是酿泉。山势回环，路也跟着拐弯，有座四角翘起像鸟张开翅膀靠近在泉水边的亭子是醉翁亭。建造亭子的是谁？是山里的和尚智仙。给亭子取名字的是谁？是太守用自己的别号（“醉翁”）来命名的。太守和宾客们来这里饮酒，稍微饮上一点就醉了，而且年龄又是席间最大的，所以给自己取号叫“醉翁”。醉翁的意趣不在于喝酒，而在于欣赏山水的景色。欣赏山水的乐趣，领会在心里，寄托在喝酒上。

至于太阳出来时，树林间的雾气就消散，烟云聚拢，山谷洞穴就显得昏暗了；（或）阴暗（或）明亮交替变化的景象，是山中早晚的景色。（到了春天）野花开放散发出清幽的香气，（到了夏天）美好的树木繁茂滋长，形成浓郁的绿荫，（到了秋天）秋风高爽霜色洁白，（到了冬天）溪水滴落山石显露的景色，就是山中的四季景色。早晨前往（山里），傍晚归来，四季的景致不同，因而快乐也是无穷无尽的。

至于背着东西的人在路上歌唱，走路的人在树下休息，前面的人呼喊，后面的人应答，老人弯着腰走，小孩由大人领着走，来来往往、络绎不绝，这是滁州人在出游。靠近溪边来打鱼，溪水深而鱼儿肥，用泉水来酿酒，泉水清洌而酒色香醇，野味野菜，交错地在面前摆放，这是太守在宴请宾客。宴会喝酒的乐趣，不在于音乐，玩投壶的射中了目标，下棋的赢了，酒杯和酒筹交互错杂，或起或坐大声喧哗的是宾客们欢乐的样子。（有一个）容颜苍老、头发花白，醉醺醺地坐在人群中间（的人），（那个就是）是喝醉了的太守。

不久，夕阳挂在山上，人和影子散乱一地，太守回家而其他宾客跟从。树林枝叶茂密成荫，鸟儿到处鸣叫，这时游人离去而禽鸟却在欢乐。但是禽鸟懂得山林的快乐，却不懂得人的快乐；游人只知道跟着太守一同游玩很快乐，却不知道太守以游客们的快乐为快乐。醉了能够同大家一起欢乐，醒来能够用文章记述这乐事的人，是太守。太守是谁？是庐陵郡的欧阳修啊。

1、解释加点的词。

临溪而渔，溪深而鱼肥 临：到、靠近宴酣之乐，非丝非竹 之：的环滁皆山也 环：围绕(环绕)醉翁之意不在酒 意：情趣(意趣、兴趣)野芳发而幽香 发：开放(开)云归而岩穴暝 暝：昏暗 临溪而渔 渔：捕鱼（钓鱼）杂然而前陈者 陈：摆开（陈列）而不知太守之乐其乐也 乐：以……为快乐

2、分别写出“穷”字的意思。(2分)(1)四时之景不同，而乐亦无穷也 穷：穷尽、完结

(2)为宫室之美，妻妾之奉，所识穷乏者得我与 穷：贫穷(穷困)

3、太守为什么“醉”呢?请用自己的话概括。(2分)太守陶醉于四季山水景色之美；陶醉于太平盛世，政治清明。(为山水之景而醉，为滁人欢乐而醉，为宴会的丰盛而醉，为宴会中宾客的欢乐而醉)(2分)

4、把下面的句子翻译成现代汉语。(3分)名之者谁?太守自谓也。

译文：给它(亭子)起名(题名)的是谁?是太守用自己的别号(醉翁)称它(命名)的。野芳发而幽香，佳木秀而繁阴。

译文：野花开了，有一股清幽的香味；好的树木枝叶繁茂，形成一片浓郁的绿阴。树林阴翳，鸣声上下，游人去而禽鸟乐也。

译文：树木茂密阴蔽，上下一片叫声，是游人走后鸟儿在欢唱啊。

5、第①段在总写滁州山景后，由远及近依次介绍了“西南诸峰”、“ 琅琊(山)”“ 酿泉 ”、“醉翁亭”等景物。

6、概括文章第②段的内容。(2分)答：描写山间的朝暮变化、四季不同景色以及出游的乐趣。

7、下面这段文字说明了什么?(3分)

欧阳公记①成，远近争传……凡商贾②来，亦多求其本，所遇关征③，以赠官，可以免税。

注：①[记]指《醉翁亨记》。②[商贾]商人。③[关征]查税征税。

答：《醉翁亭记》在当时备受人们的推崇，反映其艺术价值高、影响大。

8、《醉翁亭记》是我国古代文学作品中不可多得的散文名篇，有许多值得我们学习和借鉴的地方。请结合学习语文的经验，谈谈从本文语言中可以学习和借鉴什么。（3分）

提示：简洁凝练，含义丰富，生动传神，参差多变。

9、阅读下面两段文字，完成6—10题。

予观夫巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖。衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯；朝晖夕阴，气象万千。此则岳阳楼之大观也。前人之述备矣。然则北通巫峡，南极潇湘，迁客骚人，多会于此，览物之情，得无异乎？（范仲淹《岳阳楼记》）

若夫日出而林霏开，云归而岩穴暝，晦明变化者，山间之朝暮也。野芳发而幽香，佳木秀而繁阴，风霜高洁，水落而石出者，山间之四时也。朝而往，暮而归，四时之景不同，而乐亦无穷也。（欧阳修《醉翁亭记》）

6．下面哪两组句子中加点的词的意义相同？（4分）

A.浩浩汤汤，横无际涯 媵人持汤沃灌（《送东阳马生序》）B.朝而往，暮而归 朝服衣冠（《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》）C.此则岳阳楼之大观也 以俟夫观人风者得焉（《捕蛇者说》）D.山间之朝暮也 肉食者谋之，又何间焉（《曹刿论战》）E.而乐亦无穷也 子子孙孙无穷匮也（《愚公移山》）

7．用现代汉语翻译文中画线的句子。（2分）我看那巴陵郡的美景，都在洞庭湖之中。

8．“水落而石出者”一句描写的是哪一个季节？由此演化而来的成语“水落石出”表示什么意思？（2分）

“水落而石出者”一句描写的季节是冬季。“水落石出”的意思是水落下去石头就出来了，比喻真相大白。

9．上面两段文字都写到了景物的变化，作者写这些变化有什么不同的用意？（2分）

范仲淹以岳阳楼的“气象万千”引发迁客骚人的种种“览物之情”，欧阳修通过一天之间和一年之间的景色变化引出“四时之景不同，而乐亦无穷”的观点。基本意思对即可。

10．从全文看，欧阳修的“览物之情”，体现了他什么样的思想？他的这种“览物之情”与范仲淹笔下“迁客骚人”们的种种“览物之情”有什么根本的区别？（2分）欧阳修的“览物之情”体现了他与民同乐的思想。范仲淹笔下的“迁客骚人”们立足于个人的得失和荣辱，因而他们的种种“览物之情”均以景物的不同而异。欧阳修的立足点是“民”，他与民同乐，把百姓的乐当作自己的乐，把百姓的安居乐业作为自己的理想。这就是他们的根本区别。基本意思对即可。

一、基础知识 1．填空。

(1)本文作者是宋代文学家。字永叔，自号醉翁，又号六一居士，著有《欧阳修散文选集》

(2)本文是作者被贬为滁州知州时所写，它的姊妹篇是《丰乐亭记》(3)文中描写山间朝暮的句子是日出而林霏开，云归而岩穴暝。

(4)文中描写山间四时之景的句子是野芳发而幽香，佳木秀而繁阴，风霜高洁水落而石出。(5)奠定全文抒情墓调的句子是醉翁之意不在酒 在乎山水之间也。

(6)文中照应“饮少辄醉，而年又最高”的句子是苍颜白发，颓然乎其间者，太守醉也。

2．下列加点字注音有误的一项是(C)A.环滁(chú)林壑(hè)蔚然(wèi)琅琊(yá)B.翼然(yì)辄醉(zhé)酿泉(nibng)繁阴(fán)C.酒洌(1iè)野蔌(shù)伛偻(yǐ lǚ)觥筹(gōng)D．颓然(tuí)苍颜(cāng)提携(xié)喧哗(xuān)3．下列加点字释义有误的一项是(D)A.翼然临于泉上(靠近)B．醉翁之意不在酒(情趣)C．野芳发而幽香(香花)D．佳木秀而繁阴(秀美)4．为下列加点字选择正确的义项。(1)杂然而前陈者(A)A．摆开 B．陈列 C．姓氏 D．陈旧(2)觥筹交错(A)A．酒筹 B．筹略 C．统筹 D．谋划(3)负者歌于途(A)A．背着 B．拿着 C．带着 D．拉着 5．写出下列各句运用的修辞方法。(1)有亭翼然临于泉上者。(比喻)(2)作亭者谁?山之僧智仙也。„”(设问)(3)野芳发而幽香，佳木秀而繁阴。(对偶)(4)太守谓谁?庐陵欧阳修也。(设问)

二、课内阅读

环滁皆山也。其西南诸峰，林壑尤美，望之蔚然而深秀者，琅琊也。山行六七里，渐闻水声潺潺而泻出于两峰之间者，酿泉也。峰回路转，有亭翼然临于泉上者，醉翁亭也。作亭者谁?山之僧智仙也。名之者谁?太守自谓也。太守与客来饮于此，饮少辄醉，而年又最高，故自号曰醉翁也。醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之间也。山水之乐，得之心而寓之酒也。

1、作者自号醉翁的原因是什么? 太守与客来饮于此，饮少辄醉，而年又最高。

2、选文中包含的一个常用成语是醉翁之意不在酒，它的常用意义是本意不在此或别有用心。

3、选文写景，首先写山，其次写泉，最后写亭。

4、本文写景的主要作用是什么? 以美景寄寓作者与民同乐的思想感情。《醉翁亭记》课外自测

一、基础知识(共38分)1.填空。(10分)(2)贯穿全文主线的句子是醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之间也。(3)最能体现滁人欢乐情状的句子是伛偻提携往来而不绝者。(4)表明太守宴是就地取材的句子是临溪而渔……山肴野蔌。(5)描写众宾客欢乐的景象的句子是射者中……起坐而喧哗者。(6)全文的主旨句是醉能同其乐。

(7)写游人归后的情景的句子是鸣声上下 游人去而禽鸟乐也。(8)点出作者姓名，收束全文的句子是太守谓谁？庐陵欧阳修也。2．给下列加点字注音。(18分)环滁()林壑()蔚然()琅琊()()潺潺()酿泉()辄醉()晦明()野蔌()酒洌()山肴()伛偻()()弈者()觥筹()颓然()阴翳()3．解释下列加点字词。(10分)(1)环滁(环绕)(2)蔚然(草木繁茂的样子)(3)得之心而寓之酒(寄托)(4)风霜高洁(天气高爽，霜色洁白)(5)宴酣之乐(尽兴地喝酒)(6)非丝非竹(弦乐器)(管乐器)(7)苍颜白发(脸色苍白)(8)颓然乎其间(醉醺醺的样子)(9)树林阴翳(遮盖)

补充练习题一

1.这篇文章的脉络十分清楚。试根据你的理解在下边的横线处填上适当的话。（1）开头部分介绍了醉翁亭，包括两个衔接得十分自然的层次：前一层介绍亭的环境；后一层介绍亭名由来。

（2）中间部分描写醉翁亭的景色，也可分两层：第1层写山间朝暮，先用“若夫”一词领起，后接“朝而往，暮而归，四时之景不同，而乐亦无穷也。”第2层写人游琅琊山之乐，先用“至于”一词表示这一层的内容跟前一层是平列，然后依次写了四季不同景色滁人游、太守宴、众宾饮和太守醉四项内容。

（3）结尾部分也分两层，第1层写游人去，禽鸟乐；第2层写太守乐其乐与民同乐。这两层中间用“然而”一词表示语意的转换。2.课文里连用21个“也”字作句尾。这些“也”，表示了不同的语气和作用。请把下面的判断句中的“也”的不同表达作用填在相应括号中。A 望之蔚然而深秀者，琅琊也。B 作亭者谁？山之僧智仙也。C 环滁皆山也。

D 山水之乐，得之心而寓之酒也。E 而乐亦无穷也。F ……故自号曰醉翁也。G 庐陵欧阳修也。

①表示判断的语气：（A、G）②表示解释的语气：（B、F）③表示肯定的语气：（C、D）④ 表示结住一层意思：（E）

4.欧阳修在描写滁州四周的山时起初用了40个字，把东南西北四方都写了，但最后改成：“环滁皆山也”5个字。对于这5个字，有下面几种议论，选出不确切的一项。（B）

A 这5个字高度凝练，高度简洁，是锤炼字句的典范。B 这5个字省却许多文字，而意未尝不尽。C 这5个字虽则简洁，但意犹未尽。

D 这5个字言简意赅，鸟瞰全景，描述了滁州的地理特征。5.如何理解“太守之乐其乐”？选出分析恰当的几项。（D）

A “太守之乐其乐”是点睛之笔。作者在这里含蓄地抒发了自己复杂的感情，既包含娱情山水排遣郁闷的欢乐，也包含看到自己的政绩——政通人和后的欣慰。B “太守之乐其乐”是衬托前面的“山林之乐”和“人之乐”的。C “太守之乐其乐”是作者“与民同乐”的政治理想的反映。

D “太守之乐其乐”是作者被贬滁州后一种苦闷抑郁的扭曲反映，作者是以乐写哀 补充练习题二

1、关于本文写景的作用有下边几种说法，你认为哪一种是主要的？（C）A、为“醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水这间也”这句话作铺垫，表现作者的山水之乐。B、表现琅琊山的胜景。

C、表现作者与民同乐的思想感情。D、寄托作者被贬后的抑郁心情。

2、填空：

②美国在联合国大唱人权高调，真是“醉翁之意不在酒”，意在干涉别国内政。（用《醉翁亭记》中的原句答。）

③人知从太守游而乐，而不知太守之乐其乐也。

④《醉翁亭记》一文从文体上看散文，文中有一句话流传至今，它是醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之间也。

⑥《醉翁亭记》贯穿全文的主线是（乐）字，写作上的一个显著特点是（写景）和（抒情）自然结合。⑦不是判断句的一项是（B）A、环滁皆山也。B、太守自谓也。

C、有亭翼然临于泉上者，醉翁亭也。D、望之蔚然而深秀者，琅琊也。

4、下列句子中“也”字表达语气与其他三句不同的一项是（C）A、渐闻水声潺潺而泻出于两峰之间者，酿泉也。B、水落而石出者，山间之四时也。C、醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之间也。D、往来而不绝者，滁人游也。

5、下面句子的译文有误的一项是（A）

A、已而夕阳在山，人影散乱，太守归而宾客从也。

译文：不久，太阳落山了，人影纵横散乱，太守随着宾客们回去了。B、醉能同其乐、醒能述以文者，太守也。

译文：喝醉了能和大家一同享受快乐，酒醒后（又）能用文章来表达这种快乐的，就是太守。

C、苍颜白发，颓然乎其间者，太守醉也。

译文：那面容苍老，头发斑白，醉醺醺地坐在众人中间的，就是喝醉了的太守。D、朝而往，暮而归，四时之景不同，而乐亦无穷也。

译文：早晨进山，傍晚回城，四季的景色不同，快乐也是无穷无尽的。

7、下面各句中“而”字应重读的一句是（D）

A、朝而往，暮而归。B、渐闻水声潺潺而泻出于两峰之间者。C、北山愚公者，面山而居。D、饮少辄醉，而年又最高。阅读下面文字，回答8—12题

①环滁皆山也。②其西南诸峰，林壑尤美，望之蔚然而深秀者，琅琊也。③山行六七里，渐闻水声潺潺而泻出于两峰之间者，酿泉也。④峰回路转，有亭翼然临于泉上者，醉翁亭也。⑤作亭者谁？⑥山之僧智仙也。⑦名之者谁？⑧太守自谓也。⑨太守与客来饮于此，饮少辄醉，而年又最高，故自号曰醉翁也。⑩醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之间也。山水之乐，得之心而寓之酒也。

8、这段文字属于景物描写的句子有①—④从大到小句。写景的顺序是从俯到仰，由面到点，自远而近。

9、这段文字写景的角度有视觉，听觉。

10、这段景物描写，总写琅琊山和酿泉，是为了引出下文对醉翁亭自然风光的描写，为下文写人的活动布置好环境。

11、这段文字在全文中的作用开篇点题，引出“乐”字这一全文的主线。

12、用“∥”给这段文字划分层次并概括层意。（提示可分为二层）

①第一层（①—④）交代醉翁亭的环境 ②第二层（⑤—）写醉翁亭命名的由来。

第五篇：阿房宫赋翻译及练习题

阿房宫赋

练习题

一．古今异义：

①各抱地势，钩心斗角（古义：宫室建筑的精巧 ；今义：指人各用心机，互相排挤）

②一宫之间，而气候不同齐（古义：指天气（雨雪阴睛）的意思；今义：指一个地区的气象概况）③燕赵之收藏，韩魏之经营（古义：搜集保存；今义：筹划、计划或组织）④可怜焦土（古义：可惜；今义：怜悯）

二．词类活用：

1、六王毕（毕 形作动 灭亡）四海一（一 数作动 统一）

2、骊山北构而西折（北,西 名作状 从骊山；向北；向西）

3、未云何龙，不霁何虹（云,龙，虹 名作动 飘来云彩；出现蛟龙；出现彩虹）

4、辇来于秦（辇 名作状 乘辇车）

5、尽态极妍（妍 名作形 姿态的美好）

6、燕赵之收藏，韩魏之经营，齐楚之精英(收藏，经营，精英 动作名 金玉珍宝等物)

7、鼎铛玉石，金块珠砾（鼎 玉 金 珠 名作状 把宝鼎、把宝玉、把黄金 把珍珠）（名作动 当作铛 石 块 砾）

8、族秦者秦也（族 名作动 灭族）

9、后人哀之而不鉴之（鉴 以……为鉴）

10、朝歌夜弦（歌,弦 名作动 奏乐）

三．文言句式

1.戍卒叫，函谷举（被动句）

2.使负栋之柱，多于南亩之农夫（介宾短语后置）

3.灭六国者六国也（判断句）

4.明星荧荧，开妆镜也；绿云扰扰，梳晓鬟也；渭流涨腻，弃脂水也；烟斜雾横，焚椒兰也。雷霆乍惊，宫车过也；辘辘远听，杳不知其所之也。（判断句）5.四．一词多义 一：

1、六王毕，四海一（统一。）

2、楚人一炬，可怜焦土（数词。）

3、黄鹤一去不复返（一旦。）

4、而或长烟一空，皓月千里（全，都。）

5、上食埃土，下饮黄泉，用心一也（专一。）

6、合从缔交，相与为一（一体。）

爱：

1、秦爱纷奢，人亦念其家（喜爱。）

2、使秦复爱六国之人（爱护。）

3、不爱珍器重宝肥饶之地（吝惜。）

4、晋陶渊明独爱菊（喜欢。）

取：

1、奈何取之尽锱铢，用之如泥沙（夺取。）

2、青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝（提取。）

3、今入关，财物无所取（拿。）

4、留取丹心照汗青（着，助词。）译文

六国为秦所灭，天下被统一。蜀山的树木被砍伐一空，阿房宫殿得以建成。（它）覆盖了三百多里地，几乎遮蔽了天日。（阿房宫）从骊山北边建起，折而向西，一直通到咸阳（古咸阳在骊山西北）。渭水和樊川，浩浩荡荡地流进了宫墙。每五步一座高楼，每十步一座亭阁；长廊像绸带一样迂回曲折，（突起的）屋檐（像鸟嘴）向上撅起。这些亭台楼阁啊，各自依着不同的地势，参差错落，精巧工致。盘旋的样子，迂回曲折的样子，像蜂房那样密集，如水涡那样套连，矗立着不知道它们有几千万座。长桥卧在水上，没有云怎么（出现）龙？那楼阁之间的通道架在半空（像彩虹），（可是）并非雨过天晴，怎么会有虹霓产生？高高低低的楼阁，分辨不清，使人辨不清南北西东。人们在台上唱歌，歌乐声响起来，好像充满暖意，如同春光那样和乐；人们在殿中舞蹈，舞袖飘拂，好像带来寒气，如同风雨交加那样凄冷。就在同一天内，同一座宫里，而气氛感觉却截然不同。（六国的）宫女妃嫔、诸侯王族的女儿孙女，辞别了故国的楼阁宫殿，乘坐辇车来到秦国。（她们）日夜奏琴歌唱，成为秦皇的宫人。（清晨）只见（光如）明星闪亮，（原来是她们）打开了梳妆的明镜；又见乌云纷纷扰扰，（原来是她们）一早在梳理发鬓；渭水涨起一层脂膏，（是她们）泼下的脂粉水呀；轻烟缭绕，香雾弥漫，是她们焚烧的椒兰异香。忽然雷霆般的响声震天，（原来是）宫车从这里驰过；辘辘的车轮声渐听渐远，不知它驶向何方。（宫女们）极力显示自己的妩媚娇妍，每一处肌肤，每一种姿态，都娇媚极了。（她们）久久地伫立着，眺望着，希望皇帝能宠幸光临；（可怜）有的人三十六年始终未曾见过皇帝的身影。燕国赵国、韩国魏国、齐国楚国收藏的金玉珍宝等物，都是多少年、多少代，从人民那里掠夺来的，堆积如山。一旦国家破亡，不能再占有，都运送到阿房宫中。把宝鼎（看作）铁锅，把美玉（看作）石头，把黄金（看作）土块，把珍珠（看作）砂砾，扔得到处都是，秦国的人看着，也不觉得可惜。

唉！一个人所想的，也是千万人所想的。秦始皇喜欢繁华奢侈，老百姓也眷念着自己的家。为什么搜刮财宝时连一分一厘也不放过，挥霍起来却把它当作泥沙一样呢？甚至使得（阿房宫）支承大梁的柱子，比田里的农夫还要多；架在屋梁上的椽子，比织机上的织女还要多；突出的钉头，比仓谷里的粟粒还要多；参差不齐的瓦缝，比人们身上穿的丝缕还要多；直的栏杆，横的门槛，比九州的城郭还要多；琴声笛声，嘈杂一片，比闹市里的人声还要喧闹。（这）使天下人们口里虽不敢说，但心里却充满了愤怒。秦始皇这暴君的心却日益骄横顽固。于是驻守边关的士兵起义，函谷关被刘邦攻占；项羽放了一把大火（烧毁秦宫），可惜那豪华的宫殿就变成了一片焦土。