ACT语法考点及难点概括总结

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第一篇:ACT语法考点及难点概括总结

三立教育ap.sljy.com ACT语法考点及难点概括总结

ACT频道为大家带来关于ACT语法考点及难点分析的相关内容,希望对大家ACT备考有所帮助。

一、ACT 语法考点

ACT语法以文章改错为考察形式,以记叙文、传记说明文考试等体裁出现,考察学生对基础语法知识和语篇的衔接与连贯的掌控能力。ACT语法的考察分为两条主线:语篇修辞(35题)和基础语法(40题)。

语篇修辞上主要考察学生如何拓展自己的观点,如何把握句间逻辑关系去组织段落,以及如何在句法层面的遣词造句。

基础语法上主要考察学生如何分析长难句,如何结合句子结构使用标点以及如何把握每类词的语法功能。

ACT语法难点分析

始于1959 年的ACT 考试,由美国ACT 教育集团主办。它全称是美国大学入学考试(American College Test),被美国所有的四年制大学和学院接受。它的成绩是衡量学生能否接受大学教育的可靠指标,不仅用于大学招生,也用作许多机构颁发奖学金和决定课程安排的依据。

当前,ACT 考试与SAT 考试是美国最主流的两种大学入学考试,每年分别有超过165 万名学生报考。考生可以多次报考ACT 考试,自主选择最满意的一次成绩申请美国多所大学。ACT 考试不仅测量考生的分析、解决问题和批判性思维等大学学习所必需的能力,还测试考生对中学知识的掌握程度。

二、ACT文章改错重难点题型分析 三立教育ap.sljy.com

从2011年初教授ACT文章改错至今,笔者发现大概有90%左右的学生会规律性的在以下这两种题型上出现问题:句子结构题和文章细节题。这两种题型也是笔者在课上经常跟学生强调的重点。接下来细说一下为什么强调这两种题型?

原因一:题型比重大,错误率高。

首先说一下句子结构题:一套ACT文章改错真题会包含5篇文章,涉及75道题。经过05年-14年将近40套真题的题型数据统计,笔者发现每套文章改错题目中单就句子结构题就会出现7-8道左右,跟我们熟悉的高频考点中的标点题数量相当,统计发现每套真题中都会出现句子结构题,高重复率值得我们重视。另外,在 ACT文章改错的文章题中,最高频考点就是文章细节题,这种题型的失分率与句子结构题是旗鼓相当的。

原因二:无意识的错。

无意识错题主要是跟有意识的错题类型区分开的。相对于无意识的错题类型,有意识的错题类型相对来说更容易辨别。有意识错题主要是因为知识点缺失导致的错题,比如:标点。在授课过程中我经常会和学生强调,标点这个知识点其实并没有大家想的那么难,高频考点相对固定,大概8种,只要将知识点梳理清楚并牢记,就不会丢分。当然如果ACT官方扩展标点的考法,那就另当别论了。学生在遇到逗号这个考点的时候肯定会严阵以待,从失分率统计数据来看,逗号题错误率并不高。此外还有一些有意识错题,在知识点明确的前提下,提升空间主要在于学生自身的积累,比如:词汇题。

无意识的错题就是学生经常容易忽略的题型,忽略的原因很简单,“自以为自己会”,但每次总会 “马虎”地做错一两道。针对于同一种题型的马虎应该是一个小概率事件。可如果频繁在固定的题型上出错,事实往往没有学生认为的“马虎”这么简单。究其原因是学三立教育ap.sljy.com 生做题的思路出现了问题,但是对于学生往往对于这一点不自知,所以这种题型老师的引导变得极为重要。

三、突破瓶颈的重中之重

学员们对课程朴实又中肯的反馈让我颇感欣慰。他们并没有神话老师的教学结果,也没有夸大自己的聪明才智。在文章改错这个科目里,他们都一致提到“反复刷题”和“总结错题”,这也是我课上反复强调的一点。学习并没有捷径也没有所谓的技巧,踏踏实实,各个击破才是取得高分的硬道理,正所谓“Practice makes perfect.”举两个2014年学生的典型案例来说明:符同学文章改错:9月:25分;10月:29分;刘同学文章改错:4月26分;6月31分;10月33分。这两位同学都属于强化班后反复认真做题,且耐心总结错题的学生类型。我要强调的是不推崇题海战术,反之我们相信精讲精练是从量变到质变的蜕变过程。有些同学不免会发出疑问:“为什么题做得不少,错题还是那么多? 以前做错的题,做第二遍甚至第三遍的时候还是会错!” 这就是因为只运用题海战术但实质上并没有吸取以前做错题的经验教训,所以再错是不可避免的。因此我在课堂中会推荐同学们准备一个错题本,根据题型总结错题。通过精确地错题分类,学生可以梳理失分点多出现在哪种题型上,从而分析自己语法知识的薄弱点在哪里,还要思考自己在当时环境下为什么会做错,是何种因素影响了对答案的判断。大量的真题演练和总结错题是一个持久战,很多同学短时间内没有看到明显提分的趋势,就绝望地放弃了,殊不知,坚持就是胜利。有瓶颈期是很正常的,瓶颈不代表你不能达到的更好的水平,跨越过去就是量的积累、质的飞跃。在多年的授课经验中,笔者也发现有充足备考时间搭配大量的英文阅读无疑是ACT考试的制胜法宝。

四、学习动机的重要性

无目标的努力,如在黑暗中远征。我在语法的第一堂课就会先给学生制定短期文章改错目标分数,26-27分(正确率84%左右),目标分数会根据班级学生的英文水平有所调节。文三立教育ap.sljy.com 章改错能达到26分或27分这样一个分数,统计数据表明,其中的绝大部分学生的ACT总分会达到28分到29分或者更高。这样的分数既让计划冲击总分30分的同学看到了一线希望,又让那些想申请排名50左右的学生不至于太绝望。正所谓学习动机不能过高,否则会增强学生挫败感;又不能太低,否则会削弱学习的积极性。最重要的是目标设定要具体可操作,26分到27分的文章改错分数通过容错率表格的换算,细化到一篇文章大概错三道题。经过课程中知识点的细化,让学生们有目标,有方法,有坚持地去执行,取得高分实际上是水到渠成。

第二篇:易错ACT语法关联词总结和练习题

三立教育ap.sljy.com

易错ACT语法关联词总结和练习题

ACT语法考试中有一项是关联词题,这类题在考卷中至少要有5道题目。要做对这类题需要大家对ACT语法常考的关联词词义非常清楚,并且能够判断两个句子间的逻辑关系。下面三立ACT小编会对考生不熟悉和容易出错的关联词做一个总结,最后会附上ACT常考的所有关联词的总结以及关联词的题目。请大家务必背熟所有关联词并完成题目。

1.though

作连词,表示“虽然”

作副词,表示“但是”,副词的意思大家相对陌生,需要特别注意

e.g.I want to go back to the law.I don’t want to go to school for it, though.2.meanwhile

ACT常考的意思是“但是与此同时”,表示转折

e.g.Sarah always found her husband annoying.Meanwhile, the couple’s relationship was close.3.still

ACT常考的意思是“但是”,表示“转折”

e.g.Your luck had run out.Still, never fear.4.instead

ACT常考的意思是“相反的”,表示“转折”。需要注意只能紧接在否定句后面。三立教育ap.sljy.com

e.g.Lily didn’t finish homework yesterday.Instead she played video games all the night.5.in fact/ indeed

ACT常考的意思是“事实上”,表示“强调”

e.g.We have nothing against diversity;indeed, we need more if it.关联词练习

1.You panic.You scream, though no one can hear you.You think you might become ill.Furthermore, only seconds pass before the static line, which is a rope attached to you and to the floor of the plane, becomes taut and yanks open your chute automatically.A.NO CHANGE

B.However,C.Thus,D.Consequently,2.As immigrants, Tran, Maya, and their four children left much behind, including their family restaurant.Nowthey want to run a restaurant in Los Angeles just as they did in Da Nang.A.NO CHANGE

B.In conclusion,C.Likewise, 三立教育ap.sljy.com

D.Instead

3.I’ve thought many times of the instinctive way our bodies respond to the beat of music by wanting to get up and dance, or how a parent quiets a crying baby by walking back and forth.A.NO CHANGE

B.for example,C.meanwhile

D.then

4.Such cues may be found in the speaker’s immediate surroundings.Hearing a Venezuelan singer’s latest recording being played on a store’s sound system might prompt a bilingual speaker to use Spanish.Besides, the language of the speaker’s most recent conversation can be the determining factor.A.NO CHANGE

B.For this reason,C.Sometimes,D.Instead,5.Today, after many birthdays and New Year’s Days, I now find meaningful the difference I once found confusing.Otherwise, this difference points to significant underlying cultural values.A.NO CHANGE 三立教育ap.sljy.com

B.Though,C.In fact,D.Then

6.Certainly the school board would be justified in prohibiting students from wearing clothing that was unsanitary, revealing, or obscene.The court remained unconvinced, therefore, that wearing jeans would actually impair the learning process of Kevin or his fellow classmates.A.NO CHANGE

B.thus,C.moreover,D.however,7.But the author entertained a variety of fanciful ideas, including a belief in the mythical beings known as fairies.Since that belief, he was fooled in 1920 by two schoolgirl cousins.A.NO CHANGE

B.Because of

C.Concerning

D.For

8.Many seed savers order endangered plants through a small but growing number of organizations that specialize in rare seeds.By now, the seed-saving 三立教育ap.sljy.com

gardeners agree to grow the plants and then offer the new seeds to other equally concerned growers.A.NO CHANGE

B.In exchange,C.In contrast,D.As proof,9.A third hypothesis asserts that ocean water contains too little oxygen for insects.Similarly, some fly larvae can survive months without oxygen, while other insect species live in very polluted waters with similarly low oxygen levels.A.NO CHANGE

B.Therefore,C.Yet,D.So

10.Studies indicate a fairly clear link between noise and stress, and experts believe there’s a connection between noise and violence.Therefore, there’s evidence that noise affects not only humans but animals as well.A.NO CHANGE

B.Namely,C.On the other hand,D.In addition, 三立教育ap.sljy.com

11.Because the center of gravity of the paddler rides low in the water, kayaks are stable boats not easily capsized.White-water kayakers are, at last, advised to wear helmets and flotation vests to prevent injury.A.NO CHANGE

B.for example,C.therefore,D.nevertheless,12.Occasionally, these scenic expanses come about with no help from humans.Often, for example, they are the lovely outcome of federal, state, and local programs to restore and preserve the natural beauty of the national landscape.A.NO CHANGE

B.however,C.in the meantime,D.once in a while

13.Those tasks are part of the school’s curriculum, although Wright believed that only a person familiar with every room’s function could design a well-formed house.A.NO CHANGE

B.since

C.while 三立教育ap.sljy.com

D.furthermore

14.Then the micro lending institution, such as Women’s World Banking, makes a small loan(as little as $50)to, in contrast, an artisan or a food vendor who would not qualify for a loan from a commercial bank.A.NO CHANGE

B.for example,C.as a result,D.instead,15.In the fall, as daylight and temperatures decrease, migrating monarchs begin their long journey south.Many monarchs west of the Rocky Mountains migrate to the southern California coast, where they overwinter in eucalyptus groves.Besides, most monarchs, millions of them across the United States and Canada — migrate as many as three thousand miles to Oyamel fir forests near Mexico City.A.NO CHANGE

B.However,C.Finally,D.Therefore, 三立教育ap.sljy.com

16.Scientists are starting to learn more about the monarch’s life cycle.When monarchs that don’t migrate to Mexico live only four to six weeks, the migrating generations live at least eight months.A.NO CHANGE

B.If

C.While

D.So that

17.In fact, the human eye loses its sensitivity to color at low levels of illumination, a camera with a very long exposure setting can capture a lunar rainbow’s color.A.NO CHANGE

B.Though the

C.The

D.Consider that the

18.Brightly lit stations welcomed the public, many of them were skeptical of traveling underground.It didn’t take long for New Yorkers to adapt, however.A.NO CHANGE

B.therefore.C.for instance.D.that is.三立教育ap.sljy.com

19.Albert Einstein is often considered the most original scientist of the modern age.Therefore, he acknowledged his reliance on the work of others, such as mathematician Emmy Noether — who herself relied on prior discoveries.A.NO CHANGE

B.Even he, though,C.In the meantime, he

D.He

20.Pei’s first concern as an architect is identifying the spirit of a place and translating that spirit into architectural design.However, Pei’s design for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, with its bold use of glass walls and ceilings and multiple tiers connected by escalators that direct the eye upward, appropriately reflects a celebratory and rollicking spirit.A.NO CHANGE

B.Still,C.So, when

D.Thus,21.One purpose of these positions is to allow the patient to learn how his or her body responds as the horse walks.In other words, trained spotters ensure the patient’s safety.A.NO CHANGE 三立教育ap.sljy.com

B.For example,C.Of course,D.That is,22.Some bike features have been specifically chosen to prevent theft.Painting all the bikes one color,however, makes them easily identifiable.A.NO CHANGE

B.for example,C.therefore,in fact,23.Snowflakes form from tiny water droplets, following a specific process of chemical bonding as they freeze, which results in a sex-sided figure.The rare “triangular” snowflake, similarly, confounded scientists for years because it apparently defied the basic laws of chemistry.A.NO CHANGE

B.for example,C.additionally,D.however,24.Tourists and New Yorkers alike regularly fill this theater to its 900-seat capacity.Most are there to attend a performance;a few, for example, are likely to be architecture buffs there to admire the stunning building itself.三立教育ap.sljy.com

A.NO CHANGE

B.consequently,C.however,D.in fact,25.I couldn’t get much improvement even when I adjusted the focuser.Coincidentally, I switched to a higher-powered eyepiece and tried a trick I’d read about for reviewing faint objects: using averted vision.A.NO CHANGE

B.Similarly,C.Besides,D.So, 三立教育ap.sljy.com

以上练习题答案:1-5: BAACC 6-10:DBBCD 11-15:DBBBB 16-20:CBABD 21-25:CBDCD

第三篇:四六级语法题考点经典总结

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com 四六级语法题考点经典总结

一、非谓语动词

近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占31.1%,平均每年近5道题,可谓是语法项目考查的重点,那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点,解答时又应注意些什么呢?下面我和大家就一起来分析一下:

1、非谓语动词考查特点

1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断

对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构,如:

All things ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.(1999.1)A.had been canceled B.have been canceled C.were canceled D.having been canceled

四个选项中有三个是谓语动词,只有D是非谓语动词,只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语,则不用考虑时态的问题,答案自明。

2)谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择

谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是四级语法测试中的一个题眼。如:

① I don't mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.(2000.1)

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com A.you to delay making B.your delaying making C.your delaying to make D.you delay to make

② Had I remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have

got in.(1996.1)A.to close B.closing

C.to have closed D.having closed

③ Your hair wants ______.You'd better have it done tomorrow.A.cut B.to cut C.cutting D.being cut(1997.6)

这类题涉及三个方面:

谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词?

即可接不定式又可接动名词时,结构和意思上有何差别?

不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式?

3)做定语的非谓语动词的选择

从近几年的考查情况来看,对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况:

(1)对一般概念的考查,而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如:

① The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.(1999.6)A.accomplished B.being accomplished

C.to be accomplished D.having been accomplished

② If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humor

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com and self-restraint as if I were the one ______.(1996.6)A.to correct B.correcting

C.having been corrected D.being corrected

同学们只要掌握非谓语动词做定语的一般的规律,就可以判断①题答案为C,②题答案为D。

(2)对固定结构的考查,如:

① The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his arguments in favor of the new theory.(2000.6)A.to be based on B.to base on C.which to base on D.on which to base

② The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.A.to compete B.competing

C.to be competed D.having competed

①题为不定式做定语的固定形式,答案为D,②题为某些特定名词的定语结构,答案为A。在英语中有些名词,如动词变来的名词,形容词变来的名词,以及means, way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定语,不定式没有体的变化。

4)做状语的非谓语动词的选择

做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择,如:

① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.(1996.6)

A.Having believed

B.Believing

C.Believed

D.普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com Being Believed

② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.(1995.1)

A.To become

B.Become

C.One becomes

D.On becoming

③ Realizing that he hadn't enough money and ____ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.(1995.1)

A.not wanted

B.no to want

C.not wanting

D.wanting not

④ ___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.(1997.1)

A.Believe

B.To believe

C.Believing

D.Believed 从以上各题来看,考查的侧重点有:

(1)状语类别的判断

不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同,目的状语要求用不定式,如②。

(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系

根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。

(3)非谓语动词的否定形式

not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前,如③。

(4)独立成分

有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制,称为独

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com 立成分,这类成 分只记忆即可。如:

generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。

5)做补足语的非谓语动词的选择

做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制,不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如:

① They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.(1998.1)

A.install

B.to install

C.to be installed

D.installed

② After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute ______.(1998.6)

A.being settled

B.to be settled

C.had settled

D.as settled

③ You will see this product ____ wherever you go.(2000.6)A.to be advertised

B.advertised

C.advertise

D.advertising

④ His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.(1999.6)A.wondered

B.wonder

C.to wonder

D.wondering

⑤ When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.(1997.1)

A.cheating

B.cheat

C.to cheat

D.to be cheating ⑥ The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes.(2000.1)A.having seated

B.seating

C.seated

D.having been seated 考查涉及到

感官动词后的宾语补足语,如③。

have, make, let, leave等特殊单词后的宾语补足语。

regard类后面的宾语补足语

with独立分句后面的常用动词后面的宾语补足语。

6)做表语的非谓语动词的选择

表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择,很少有动名词的用法的考查,虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项,只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如:

① The house was very quiet, ____ as it was on the side of the mountain.(1999.6)

A.isolated

B.isolating

C.being isolated

D.having been isolated

② These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.(2000.6)A.unrecorded

B.to be unrecorded

C.unrecording

D.to have been unrecorded

分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语,也可以做其它系动词的表语,如go, feel,seem, look, remain等等。这些系动词后非谓

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com 语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。

7)to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择

to可以是介词,也可以用来引导不定式,四级考试中对种类用法的考查也比较多。如:

① I have no objection _______ your story again.(2000.6)A.to hear

B.to hearing

C.to having heard

D.to have heard

② The traditional approach ____ with complex problems is to break down

into

smaller,more

easily

managed problems.(1996.6)

A.to dealing

B.in dealing

C.dealing

D.to deal ③ The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager

of the company.(1997.6)

A.have told

B.be told

C.being told

D.having told

这类考题的考查方式有两种,一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项to do something 和 to doing something,这时考查的自然是to的性质;另一种是to在题干中,如③。

8)分词前连词的使用

分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了,使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况

(1)根据连词选择适当的分词形式

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.(1995.1)A.scolding

B.to scold

C.having scolded

D.scolded

when的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语,答案不可能是B,从scold与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看,应该是动宾关系,答案应该是D。

(2)根据状语的功能选择不同的连词

Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patient do not take drugs ___ directed.(1996.1)A.like

B.so

C.which

D.as

由上下文的意思可以看出,分词所做的是方式状语,连词应该是as。

9)非谓语动词的体

非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体,即having done, having been done和being done,完成体只用于做状语的场合,而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。

动名词的体也有having done, having been done和 being done的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。

不定式的体有to be doing 和to have done,主要用于pretend, happen, seem, appear, be said to等结构中。如:

① The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.(1997.6)

A.have told

B.be told

C.being told

D.having

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com told

having told在句中做介词宾语,表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。

② I'd rather read than watch television;the programs seem ____ all the time.(1997.1)

A.to get worse

B.to be getting worse

C.to have got worse

D.getting worse

从all the time的使用可以推断get worse是一个渐变过程,所以用不定式的进行体。

③ The speech _____ a lively discussion started.(1995.1)

A.being delivered

B.was delivered

C.be delivered

D.having been delivered

该结构属于独立主格结构做时间状语,状语分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,所以应该用完成体,答案为D 10)动名词复合结构

动名词符合结构可以做主语、宾语和表语,在对动名词的考查中总是将其逻辑主语包括进来,形成动名词的复合结构:

① _____ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents

wished for.(1999.1)

A.The girl was educated

B.The girl educated

C.The girl's being educated

D.The girl to be educated 本题涉及题眼比较多,A,为从句做主语,但缺少that,D为不定式做主语,但缺少for(for the girl to be educated),B结构不能

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com 做主语,答案是C,为动名词的复合结构。

② Ann never dreams of _____ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A.there being a chance

B.there to be a chance C.there be a chance

D.being a chance

介词后用动名词,表示存在时必须用there be句型,所以答案为A,这也是动名词复合结构,there为动名词的逻辑主语。

③ I don't mind _____ the decision as long as it is not too late.A.you to delay making

B.your delaying making C.you delaying to make

D.you delay to make(2000.1)Mind要求接动名词,动名词的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词,答案自然是B。

④ I would appreciate _____ it a secret.(1995.6)

A.your keeping

B.you to keep

C.that you keep

D.that you will keep

本题与上一题类似,答案是A。

2.非谓语动词解题策略

1)正确判断非谓语动词

这类题一般出现在独立主格结构中,如果在选项与句子之间没有连词,则说明,所选为独立主格结构,既名词或主格代词 + 分词。

All things ______, the planned trip will have to be called off.A.considered

B.be considered

C.considering

D.普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com having considered(1998.6)

句子没有连词,说明所选结构不属于从句,那么就是独立主格做状语,根据动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系为动宾关系,答案应该是A。

____, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.(1997.6)

A.Other things being equal

B.Were other things equal C.To be equal to other things D.Other things to be equal

做状语的可以是从句,但B的结构是虚拟条件,与这里不符,不表目的,C不对,不表将来,独立主格中非谓语动词不能是不定式,答案为A。

4)判断动名词复合结构的方式

主语位置上,或动词、介词后的“名词代词 + 非谓语动词”,如果表示的是一个事件则是动名词复合结构,而不是“名词 + 定语。请看以下各例:

He insisted on the windows _____ open while he was sleeping.A.left

B.being left

C.leaving D

.be left insist on后不接从句,D可以排除。这里表达的是坚持要求”开着窗子睡觉“,所以应该是动名词复合结构,答案为B。

The road __________ caused us to be for our work for half an hour.A.blocked

B.was blocked

C.blocking

D.being

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com blocked

做主语的表示上班迟到的原因,自然应该是”交通堵塞“,而不是”被堵的道路“,所以还是动名词复合结构,答案为D。

The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son _________ to college.A.had been admitted

B.admitted

C.having been admitted

D.having admitted

消息表达的应该是个事件,说明不是”被录取的孩子“,介词of后不可能接从句,说明of后为动名词的复合结构,答案是C。

3)注意分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系

正确判断非谓语动词与起逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证,不管是做什么成分的非谓语动词都体现以下特点:

如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,则用现在分词;

如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,则用过去分词;

如果表示将来,则用动词不定式。

这是非谓语动词运用的基本原则,然后再根据其不同的作用,掌握其更细的规则。如:

(1)做定语时

做定语的可以是动名词、分词或不定式。动名词做前置定语,所构成的大多为固定短语,四级考试一般不涉及。主要考查分词和不定式做定语。分词或不定式做定语一般做后置定语。

① The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.A.accomplished

B.being accomplished

C.to be accomplished

D.having been accomplished

② Hard work ____ on time will lead to better grades.(1995.1)A.done

B.be done

C.having done

D.to have been done

③ As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _____ 50 households or more.(1998.1)

A.having

B.to have

C.to have had

D.having had ④ Those _____ to the conference were mostly famous scientists.A.invited

B.were invited

C.inviting

D.to invite 做定语的非谓语动词有一下几种形式:

”doing 结构“:分词与中心词之间是主谓关系,表示正在进行,或状态。如③

”being done结构“:分词与中心词之间是动宾关系,表示被动和正在进行,如:No one is to enter the building being repaired.”to be done结构“:不定式与中心词之间是动宾关系,表示将来和被动,如①。

”done结构“:分词与中心词之间是动宾关系,表示被动、完成或一般,如②④。

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com ”to do结构“:不定式与中心词之间是主谓关系,表示将来。如:The professor to give us a speech tomorrow is said to have compiled many scientific works.完成形式不能做定语,包括分词的完成形式和不定式的完成形式。

(2)做状语

做状语的可以是不定式,也可以是分词。大体结构有:

”doing 结构“:分词与句子主语为主谓关系,表示与谓语动词同时发生,或基本上同时发生,或是同时存在的状态。如:

______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.A.Having believed

B.Believing

C.Believed

D.Being believed

”done结构“:只要分词与句子主语间是动宾关系就可以用过去分词,可以表示完成,可以表示正在进行,也可以表示条件。如:

_______ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.A.Too look at

B.Looking at

C.Looked at

D.To be looked at(2000.1)

He came in, followed by a group of reporters.”having done结构“:分词与句子主语是主谓关系,切发生在谓语动词之前。Having seen the film already, I declined his invitation to go to the cinema.”having been done结构“:该结构表示完成被动,即分词与句子主语之间是动宾关系,切发生在谓语动词之前。如:Having been

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com showed many times, he still didn't understand the operation of the machine.”to do 结构“:这是不定式结构,在句中可以做目的状语,也可以做结果状语,但不定式动作总是发生在谓语动词之后。如:

_______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.A.To become

B.Become

C.One becomes

D.On becoming

表结果时一般为固定结构,如too …to…, enough to….,或是表示出乎意料的结果,常可加构成only to的结构。如:

I did what I could to comfort her only to make her cry even more.The next day, she woke to find herself in hospital.”being done结构“:该结构表示被动与正在进行,一般置于句首,表示原因。如:Being chased by some spies, he hid himself in the grass.(2)做表语

测试中对表语的考查主要侧重在现在分词与过去分词的区别上,所以对于做表语的非谓语动词,主要看分词与句子主语之间的关系。做表语的分词一般只有doing和done两种形式。现在分词表示做表语的与主语是主谓关系;过去分词表示做表语的与主语之间是动宾关系。根据使用规律,如果主语是无生命名词,则表语分词为现在分词;如果主语是有生命名词,以过去分词居多,但也可以用现在分词,但意思不同。如:

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com How disappointed he felt at the result of the election.(他感到失望)

How disappointing he is.He should have failed in such an election.(他令人失望)

可接表语的系动词很多,除be外还有remain, feel, look, appear, seem, get, become, go。

(3)做补足语

一般做宾补的非谓语动词动词的形式选择与其它成分中的非谓语动词形式选择规则基本相同。doing结构:分词与宾语构成主谓关系,表正在进行。

When I caught him ____ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.A.cheating

B.cheat

C.to cheat

D.to be cheating

done结构:分词与宾语构成动宾关系,表示被动与完成。

Don't get your schedule _____;stay with us in this class.(1996.1)A.to change

B.changing

C.changed

D.change

to do 结构:不定式表示将来,如wish somebody to do, expect somebody to do, arrange for somebody to do等等。

being done结构:表示被动和正在进行, watch the flag being raised

Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe

until Columbus found it _____ in Cuba.(2000.1)

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com A.being cultivated B.been cultivated C.having cultivated D.cultivating

to be done结构:用语表示将来与被动,一般用语主谓关系时可用to做宾补的动词后,如:want something to be done, order something to be done 完成形式不能做宾补。

4)注意分析非谓语动词做什么状语

不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同,如表示目的只能是不定式,另外,测试中也常有选择非谓语动词前连词的试题。因此,同学们应注意根据状语与句子间的关系,判断连词的使用。

5)注意不定式的特殊句式

不定式在做定语和做状语时都有其特殊句式,注意这些句式的特点,考试中就会少走一点弯路。如:

have something to do类:

这类结构相当于汉语的连动结构,即”有事要做“,”买东西吃“,”借书看“等。

a room in which to live类:

该类结构是a room to live in 的变体。但如果不熟悉这个结构,考试中则难以决断。如:

You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _____ to suspend your tent.(1998.1)

A.there

B.them

C.which

D.where The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his arguments in favor of the new theory.(2000.6)

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com A.to be based on

B.to base on

C.which to base on

D.on which to base the first to do

该结构表示如果名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或序数词、最高级本身做名词用,其后应不定式做定语。

the ability to do

该结构表示,形容词变了的名词后用不定式做定语。

the need to do

该结构表示由动词变来的名词后用不定式做定语。

the way to do

该结构表示,在一些特定的名词后面常用不定式做定语,应注意记忆,如means, reason, time, pressure, moment 6)熟记固定搭配,分清不定式与to加动名词

其实容易产生不定式符号与介词混淆的只是为数不多的某些句式,只要平时注意积累即可。

prefer doing something to doing something look forward to doing something

be used to doing something(习惯于做某事)stick to doing something

object to doing something/ have objection to doing something be opposed to doing something admit/confess to doing something

I have no objection _____ your story again.(2000.6)

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com A.to hear B.to hearing C.to having heard D.to have heard The man in the corner confessed to ________ a lie to the manager of the company.A.have told B.be told C.being told D.having told

从出题人的心理来看,如果有to do something和 to doing something的对比项,一般答案是to doing something。

7)分清宾补的类别

(1)感官动词后的宾补可以是

doing, do, done, being done的结构,其中being done 只用于少数动词后面,如find, smell, feel等。

(2)have somebody do something 让某人做某事

have somebody doing something 让某人一直做某事

won't have somebody do something 不许某人做某事

have something done 使某事被做

have something + ving 让……一直……

(3)catch,smell,keep,set,等只能接doing的结构,表示主动和正在进行。

(4)leave somebody doing something 让某人一直做某事

leave something undone 使某事只做了一半

leave something to be done 事情有待于解决

leave somebody to do something让某事做某事,表示将来

(5)with somebody to do something宾补与宾语是主谓关系,表示将来。

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com with somebody doing something 宾补与宾语之间是主谓关系,表示正在进行。

with something to do 宾补与宾语间是动宾关系,表示将来,动作执行者在句中找的着。

with something to be done宾补与宾语是动宾关系,表示将来,但动作执行者在句中找不着。

with something done 宾补与宾语之间是动宾关系,表示完成。

8)注意下列结构中非谓语动词的体

pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to do something 不定式动作一般为状态动词,也可是终止性动词,表示与谓语动词同时存在或发生。

pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to have done something 不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。

pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to be doing something 不定式动作与谓语动词同时进行

9)熟记哪些动词后接不定式,哪些接动名词,如果两者都可,又有什么差别。

既可接不定式,又可接动名词,用法有别的动词常考的有: forget,remember, regret, mean, try等。

10)注意want/need/require表示”需要“时的特殊句式

want/need/require表”需要“时,后接主动的动名词或被动的不定式,即doing 或to be done的形式。不可混淆。

二、比较级

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com 1. Test Yourself

在我们分析比较级的测试特点探讨其应对策略之前,让我们首先看以下几题。

1)Radio, television and press ____ of conveying news and information.(1995.6)

A.are the most three common means B.are the most common three means C.are the three most common means D.are three the most common means

2)If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, ________ would be getting sick.(1998.1)A.a lot of more us

B.more a lot of us C.a lot of us more

C.a lot more of us

3)The trumpet player was certainly loud.But I wasn't bothered by his loudness ___ by his lack of talent.(1999.1)A.than

B.more than

C.as

D.so much as 4)Americans eat ____ as they actually need every day.(1998.6)A.twice as much protein

B.twice protein as much twice C.twice protein as much

D.protein as twice much 5)There are few electronic applications ____ to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots.A.likely

B.more likely

C.most likely

D.much likely

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com 6)The little man was ____ more than one meter fifty tall.(1995.1)

A.nearly

B.quite

C.hardly

D.almost

7)Certain programs work better for some ___ for others.(1995.1)

A.and

B.than

C.as

D.but

8)It is not unusual for workers in that region ____.(1995.1)A.to be paid more than a month late B.to be paid later than more a month C.to pay later than a month more D.to pay late more than a month

9)It is reported that ________adopted children went to know who their natural parents are.(1997.1)

A.the most

B.most of

C.most

D.the most of 10)The little man was _______one meter fifty high.(1997.1)A.almost more than

B.hardly more than

C.nearly more than

D.as much as 参考答案:

1)C 2)C 3)D 4)A 5)B 6)C 7)B 8)A 9)C 10)B 2. 比较级测试特点

在四级测试中,比较级属低档题,比较简单,考查范围大体有

1)比较级形式的判断

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com

比较级考题在设计干扰项时一般都会有比较与非比较的选择,more than 与as/so …as的选择。如上面的③,⑤。

2)比较级的修饰语

比较级的修饰语包括修饰语的结构和修饰语的选用。

结构指比较级修饰语须置于比较级之前,如①,②和④。

修饰语的选用根据其所表达的意思而定,如⑥,⑩。

3)比较级结构与其它结构的区别

如⑧中形容词修饰语more than a month与比较级结构的区别,⑨中most 与the most的区别。

3. 比较级应对策略

1)如果选项中有比较级结构,则该题则为比较级考查题,可根据比较级使用规则选择正确答案。

2)比较级修饰语应注意more than 或as…as结构之前。

3)注意比较结构的完整性,要么是more than 结构,要么是as/so …as 结构,或是the more …., the more ….的句型。

4)注意结构的各种变体:

结构内出现名词时的结构可以是as old a car, as many /much/few/little …as。

5)如果有比较 对象的选择应注意比较对象的一致性和互不包容性。如:

His English is better than anyone else's in his class.二、比较级

1. Test Yourself

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com

在我们分析比较级的测试特点探讨其应对策略之前,让我们首先看以下几题。

1)Radio, television and press ____ of conveying news and information.(1995.6)

A.are the most three common means B.are the most common three means C.are the three most common means D.are three the most common means

2)If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, ________ would be getting sick.(1998.1)A.a lot of more us

B.more a lot of us C.a lot of us more

C.a lot more of us

3)The trumpet player was certainly loud.But I wasn't bothered by his loudness ___ by his lack of talent.(1999.1)A.than

B.more than

C.as

D.so much as 4)Americans eat ____ as they actually need every day.(1998.6)A.twice as much protein

B.twice protein as much twice C.twice protein as much

D.protein as twice much 5)There are few electronic applications ____ to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots.A.likely

B.more likely

C.most likely

D.much likely

6)The little man was ____ more than one meter fifty

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com tall.(1995.1)

A.nearly

B.quite

C.hardly

D.almost

7)Certain programs work better for some ___ for others.(1995.1)

A.and

B.than

C.as

D.but

8)It is not unusual for workers in that region ____.(1995.1)A.to be paid more than a month late B.to be paid later than more a month C.to pay later than a month more D.to pay late more than a month

9)It is reported that ________adopted children went to know who their natural parents are.(1997.1)

A.the most

B.most of

C.most

D.the most of 10)The little man was _______one meter fifty high.(1997.1)A.almost more than

B.hardly more than

C.nearly more than

D.as much as 参考答案:

1)C 2)C 3)D 4)A 5)B 6)C 7)B 8)A 9)C 10)B 2. 比较级测试特点

在四级测试中,比较级属低档题,比较简单,考查范围大体有

1)比较级形式的判断

比较级考题在设计干扰项时一般都会有比较与非比较的选

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com 择,more than 与as/so …as的选择。如上面的③,⑤。

2)比较级的修饰语

比较级的修饰语包括修饰语的结构和修饰语的选用。

结构指比较级修饰语须置于比较级之前,如①,②和④。

修饰语的选用根据其所表达的意思而定,如⑥,⑩。

3)比较级结构与其它结构的区别

如⑧中形容词修饰语more than a month与比较级结构的区别,⑨中most 与the most的区别。

3. 比较级应对策略

1)如果选项中有比较级结构,则该题则为比较级考查题,可根据比较级使用规则选择正确答案。

2)比较级修饰语应注意more than 或as…as结构之前。

3)注意比较结构的完整性,要么是more than 结构,要么是as/so …as 结构,或是the more …., the more ….的句型。

4)注意结构的各种变体:

结构内出现名词时的结构可以是as old a car, as many /much/few/little …as。

5)如果有比较 对象的选择应注意比较对象的一致性和互不包容性。如:

His English is better than anyone else's in his class.三、情态动词

1.Test Yourself

首先让我们分析以下近几年情态动词的考题:

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com 1)This box is too heavy, _________give me a hand?(1998.1)A.would you mind

B.would you please

C.will you like to

D.will you please to

2)Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night , no matter what we ____ during the day.(1999.1)A.should have done

B.would have done

C.may have done

D.must have done

3)It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you____ it.(1998.6)

A.mustn't have done

B.wouldn't have done

C.mightn't have done

D.didn't have to do

4)If you don't like to swim, you ___ stay at home.(1995.1)A.should as well

B.may as well

C.can as well

D.would as well

5)You ____ him so closely;you should have kept your distance.(2000.6)

A.shouldn't follow

B.mustn't follow

C.couldn't have been following

D.shouldn't have been following

6)You ___her in her office last Friday;she's been out of town for

two weeks.(19996.1)

A.needn't have seen

B.must have seen

C.might have seen

D.can't have seen

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com 7)The room is in a terrible mess;it ____ cleaned.(1996.6)A.can't have been

B.shouldn't have been

C.mustn't have been

D.wouldn't have been 参考答案

1)B 2)C 3)D 4)B 5)D 6)C 7)A 2.情态动词的测试要点

从以上例题可以看出,四级语法对情态动词的测试大体有以下几点。

1)情态动词的基本用法,如①④⑤。

2)情态动词 + 动词的完成形式的用法,如③⑥。

3)情态动词的推测性用法⑦。

3. 情态动词的应对策略

情态动词的使用主要根据其所表达的含义。解题时注意以下几点:

1)情态动词自身结构要正确

结构包括情态动词自身的搭配和其后的连带成分。除ought外情态动词后接原形动词,测试中常将不同结构的动词置于一起设干扰项,如①。四个选项都与请求有关,但would you mind后接动名词,一般说would you like to而不是will you like to,will you please后用原形动词,答案是would you please? 2)注意情态动词推测性用法中各个情态动词使用的句型是否与题干句型一致。

在情态动词的推测性用法中,must, can, may, might, could

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com 各用于不同的句型,应注意分辨。具体使用规律为:

must只用于肯定句中。

can/could不能用语肯定句中。

may/might不能用语疑问句中。

另外还应注意can't表示”不可能“,may not表示”可能不“。

考试时,如果有原因说明自己的猜测,一般应该must, can't用而不是may, may not。如:

He can't have stolen the money;he is not such kind of person.Some pleasant thing must have happened to him.He is so excited.3)注意推测性用法中谓语动词发生的时间。

如果推测的为过去的事情,情态动词后则用完成形式。

There must have been no one in, for nobody answered the phone.如果推测的是正在进行的事情,情态动词后则用动词的进行形式。

They must be talking about something very secret.如果推测的是现在的状态等,情态动词后则用原形动词

He must be badly ill.He looks so pale.如果推测的是将来发生的事情,情态动词后同样用原形动词,这时,情态动词只能是may/might。

There may be a terrible storm in the following few days.4)注意”情态动词+动词的完成形式“所表达的意思与题干意思是否相符。

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com 其它”情态动词+ 动词的完成形式“并不表示推测,而分别表示:

could have done本来能够

He didn't take part in the competition, he _______ though.A.won B.didn't win C.could win D.could have won needn't have done 本来没不要

You ________.There was plenty of time.A.needn't hurry B.can't hurry

C.mustn't have hurried D.needn't have hurried should/ought to have done 本来应该

You _______ me earlier.I could have helped you.A.should tell me B.should have told C.need to tell D.needn't have told

shouldn't/oughtn't to have done 本来不应该

You ____ him so closely;you should have kept your distance.A.shouldn't follow B.mustn't follow(2000.6)

C.couldn't have been following D.shouldn't have been following might have done 本来应该(用来表示一种责备)

You ______ even though you were busy at that time.A.might help him B.must have helped him C.might have helped him D.should help him

这类题在设计干扰项时,一般都会有情态动词推测性用法的涉及,同学们应注意分词上下文的逻辑和语意关系。5)注意常用情态动词的基本句法和表意功能

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com

其它常用动词的用法,如shall表示”命令“、”威胁“、”许诺“或征求许可,may/might as well等,同学们都应多多注意其用法。

四、倒装

倒装结构也是比较常见的一种句式,但考查的分量不大,考试都有哪些特点,如何应对,首先让我们一起来看一下近几年的考题。

1.Test Yourself.1)I could not persuade him to accept it, ___ make him see the importance of it.(19995.1)

A.if only I could not B.no more than I could C.or I could not D.nor could I

2)Not until the game had begun ______at the sports ground.(2000.6)

A.had he arrived B.would he have arrived C.did he arrive C.should he have arrived

3)The organization had broken no rules, but _____ had it acted responsibly.(19996.1)

A.neither B.so C.either D.both

4)We have been told that under no circumstances ______ the telephone

in the office for personal affairs.(1999.6)

A.may we use B.we may use C.we could use D.did we use 5)Only under special circumstances _____to take make-up

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com tests.(1997.6)

A.are freshmen permitted B.freshmen are permitted C.permitted are freshmen D.are permitted freshmen 参考答案:

1)D 2)C 3)A 4)B 5)A 2.倒装测试范围和应对策略

倒装分部分倒装和全部倒装,但从近几年的测试来看,重点是部分倒装。对于倒装句型同学们所应注意的就是在哪些情况下需要倒装,并且如何倒装。注意下面常见的倒装条件。

1)含有否定意味的词置于句首,主谓倒装。

同学们应注意常用否定词语,如:hardly, barely, not, seldom, little, few, nowhere, never, at no time, by no means, in no way, in no case, under no circumstances, not until, not only… but also.., neither … nor…等。如果是在从句的句首,则从句倒装,如4)题。

2)only + 状语置于句首,主谓倒装。

Only后的状语可以是单词、短语,也可以是从句,要特别注意,从句并不倒装,而是主句倒装。如:

Only when the war was over was he able to get happily back to work.3)Neither/So置于句首倒装,表示”也/也不……“,如上面的2)3)题。

4)There/here/then或做状语的地点副词和地点介词短语置于句

普特英语听力 www.xiexiebang.com 首,要全部倒装。如:

There stands a monument in the center of the square.Down came a light form the ceiling when he was walking across the floor.On the hay lay a wounded boy of not more than seventeen.5)现在分词和过去分词可提至句首构成”分词+ be + 主语+其它+的倒装句式。如:

Enclosed in the letter was a photo of a beautiful girl.Glooming in the test tube on the table was the mysterious something which they had been working so hard to find, radium.6)so/such….that句型中,so + 形容词/副词提前,主谓倒装。如:

So boring was the speech that the audience all left halfway.Such a noise did they make that the neighbors could not go to sleep at night

第四篇:ACT香港考区50个考点的相关信息总结(一)

ACT香港考区50个考点的相关信息总结

(一)两分钟做个小测试,看看你的英语水平

http://m.meten.com/test/waijiao.aspx?tid=16-73675-0

为大家带来ACT香港考区50个考点的相关信息总结的相关内容,希望对大家ACT备考有所帮助。

美国各所大学对ACT成绩的要求(大汇总)

香港考区的考点信息,总共有50个。大家在查看的时候注意重点看一下该考试中心的代码,方便自己报名ACT考试的时候使用,另外就是该考点开放考试日的时间,后面写有下次考试时间的可以报名,没有的则尽量不要报名,以免出现问题。最后报名的时候要以当时官网给出的信息为准,ACT官网一直在更新。

01Bishop Ford Memorial School HKEAA

中文名称:天主福德学校

官网:http://www.xiexiebang.comchwc.edu.hk/

考试中心代码:Center Code 866670

最近开放考试日期:Test Dates

10-SEP-16

22-OCT-16

5CCC Hoh Fuk Tong College

中文名称:中华基督教协会何福堂书院

官网:www.xiexiebang.comcmmwc.edu.hk

考试中心代码:Center Code 867030

最近开放考试日期:Test Dates

22-OCT-16

11Chan Shu Kui Memorial Sch(Hkeaa)

中文名称:陈树渠纪念中学

官网:http://www.xiexiebang.comhpwps.edu.hk

考试中心代码:Center Code 866960

最近开放考试日期:Test Dates

22-OCT-16

10-DEC-16

08-APR-17

13Concordia Lutheran School

中文名称:路德会协同中学

官网:http://www.xiexiebang.compass.edu.hk

考试中心代码:Center Code 865970

最近开放考试日期:Test Dates

22-OCT-16

20Hkeaa Che Kung Temple Assessment

中文名称:香港考评局车公庙评核中心

考试中心代码:Center Code 874900

最近开放考试日期:Test Dates

10-SEP-16

22-OCT-16

08-APR-17

10-JUN-17

21Hkeaa Tsuen Wan Assessment Centre

中文名称:香港考评局荃湾评核中心

考试中心代码:Center Code 875350

最近开放考试日期:Test Dates

10-DEC-16

22Hong Kong Baptist University(Hkeaa)

中文名称:香港浸会大学

官网:http://www.xiexiebang.com/test/waijiao.aspx?tid=16-73675-0

第五篇:《标准日本语》初级上册语法概括

第九課デパートの建物は 高いです。

単語 たんご

登る 登ります。登りません。

歩く 歩きます。歩きません。

语法一:形容词(现在时肯定句)

1.~は~です。„是„(形容词现在时肯定句)

描述主语的性质的形容词。

如:きたか

この木は 高い です。这个树高。

図書館の建物は 高い です。图书馆的建筑物高。

この木は 低い です。这个树矮。

语法二:形容动词(现在时肯定句)

2.~は~です。„是„(形容动词 现在时 肯定句)

描述主语的性质的形容动词去掉词尾だ。

如:としょかん しず

この 図書館は 静かです。这个图书馆安静。

にぎ

デパートは 賑やかです。百货商店热闹。

语法三:形容词(现在时否定句)

形容词否定式:把形容词词尾い变成く、加上表示否定的ない。

如 :高い 高くない暑い 暑くない低い低くない寒い寒くない

特殊的形容词 いい:此单词为口语常用语,书面对应单词为よいよくない(不好)いいよくない

注意:不是在句子的句尾发生变化,(不是将句尾です换成ではありません。)

语法四:形容动词(现在时否定句)

形容动词否定式:与名词否定式一致,将 です 变成 では ありません

把形容动词词尾だ(です)变成ではありません。

如: この 図書館は 静か では ありません。这个图书馆不安静。

にぎ

デパートは 賑やか では ありません。百货商店不热闹。

语法五:形容词(过去否定)

形容词现在时否定:くない

形容词过去时否定:くなかった

把形容词过去否定式的词尾い变成かった

この木は 高い です。この木は 高く ない です。

この木は 高かった です。この木は 高く なかった です。

语法六:形容动词(过去肯/否定)

形容动词现在时肯定:だ(です)变成でした

形容动词过去时否定:ではありません 变成ではありませんでした

この 図書館は 静かです。この 図書館は 静かでした。

この 図書館は 静かでは ありません。この 図書館は 静かではありませんでした。

第10課 これは 古い庭園です。

1.形 容 詞けいようし

2.形 容 動詞 けいようどうし

语法:形容词/形容动词作定语修饰名词。

1.形容词直接修饰名词:形容词+名词如:これは 高い木 です。

2.形容动词将词尾だ变成な,再修饰名词:形容动词词干な+名词

これは 静かな 図書館です。

あまり+否定式:表示不完全否定,相当于:不太„;并不..;不怎么„。

如:今天并不怎么冷。今日は あまり 寒くないです。

翻译: 小王不怎么学习。图书馆不怎么安静。这棵树不怎么高。

王さんは あまり 勉強しません。図書館は あまり 静かではありません。この木は あまり 高くないです。

しか+否定式(ません):表示仅仅.只.只有。

如: 王さん しか 来ません。只有小王来。

翻译:我只喝红茶。我只看报纸。

わたしは 紅茶しか 飲みません。わたしは 新聞しか 読みません。

第11課 張さんは ピンポンが 好きです。

语法1:人気があります。受欢迎。

例: バラの花は 人気があります。(玫瑰花 受欢迎。)

バラの花は 女の子に 人気があります。に表示对象:受„(人的欢迎)

バラの花は 学校で 女の子に 人気があります。で表示范围:在...(地方受欢迎)语法一:

~は~が~です。表示能力喜好的词语,与が连用。(好きだ、上手だ等词语)。翻译:わたしは ピンポンが 好きです。

わたしは 野球が 好きでは ありません。

~は~が わかります。...明白/懂„

王さん 英語が わかります。小王不懂英语。

第12課 中国は 日本より 広いです。

语法:形容词/形容动词比较级

语法一:「より」 助词,“..比„”的意思。

今日は 寒いです。(今天冷。)

今日は 昨日より 寒いです。(今天比昨天冷)

语法二:ほど„ない “不如„,比不上”

今日は 寒くないです。今天不冷。

今日は 昨日ほど 寒くないです。今天不如昨天冷。

语法

三、„のほうが„ “更„”

今日のほうが 暑いです。今天更热。

„より„のほうが„です。比„更„

昨日より 今日のほうが 暑いです。比起昨天今天更热。

第 13課 田中さんは 毎朝 紅茶を 二杯 飲みます。

数量词在日语中称助数词P249页(助数词小结)。

数量词位于名词之后,动词之前,与中文相反。

中文数量词放在名词前面(如:买三支笔)

日语数量词:万年筆を 三本 買います。

句子+から+句子 表示前后句的因果关系:因为„所以„

~ですから~ますから

~では ありませんから~ませんから

~でしたから~ましたから

~では ありませんでしたから~ませんでしたから

名词+のほかに除„之外

わたしのほかに 王さんは 教室に います。除了我之外,小王在教室。

第14課 わたしは 本が ほしいです。

1、表示想要的句型;(表示第一人称想要/想做...;)

名词+ほしいです。表示想要„

わたしは 辞書が ほしいです。

动词ます型去掉ます+ 表示想做„

わたしは 図書館へ 行きたいです。想去图书馆。

2、表示来.去.回„地方的目的的句型

本を 借ります。

わたしは 図書館へ 行きます。

わたしは 図書館へ 本を 借りに 行きます。

に表示去的目的。

3.名词+によって 表示根据、按照„(的不同,„不一样/不同。)

国によって 風俗が 違います。根据国家不通,风俗也不同。

第15,16課

动词て形

动1类动词:以う、つ、る结尾 变成って

以く结尾变成いて

以ぐ结尾变成いで

以す结尾变成して

以むぬぶ结尾变成んで

动2类动词:以る结尾变成て

动3类动词:以くる结尾变成きて

以する结尾变成して

语法:课本225页和236页

~てください 表示请求:请„

~ています表示正在进行:正在„;表示持续的状态:一直„

~てもいいです 表示许可:可以„

~てはいけません 表示禁止,不允许:不能、不许,禁止„

~てから表示动作先后:„之后

~动词て+动词

第17课

表示并列 :既„又„

形容词て形将词尾い变成くて 形容词くて+形容词形容词くて+形容动词

形容动词で形 将词尾だ变成で形容动词で+形容动词形容动词で+形容词 名词で形名词+で名词+で 名词

第18课

単語

掃除をする打扫卫生。

家事をする做家务

操作をする操作。

形容词/形容动词变副词修饰(动词、形容词、形容动词)

形容词变副词将词尾い变成く

形容动词变副词将词尾だ变成に

表示变化的句型:

なる(なります、なって)表示自发的,客观的变化

する(します、して)表示人为的变化

形容词く+なる寒くなります。变冷。

形容动词に+なるにぎやかになります。变热闹。

形容词く+する音を 大きくします。把音量弄大。

形容动词に+するきれいに します。弄干净。

第19課駅で 煙草を 吸わないでください。

単語

学校に遅れる。(上学迟到。)

会社に遅れる。(上班迟到。)

バスに乗る。(交通工具名词に乗る。)

わたしは 毎日 バスに 乗ります。我每天乘坐公汽。

ちかとお

近く(名词:附近,近处)遠く(名词:远方,远处)

休みを取る。(得到休息。)

欠席の届け(请假条)

届けを出す。(提交申请/报告。)

許可をもらう。(取得批准。)

动词ない形

动1类动词:将词尾变成所在「あ」段+ない

动2类动词:去掉词尾「る」变成ない

动3类动词:する变成しない

来る变成こない

~ないでください。请不要。会社に 遅れないでください。~なければ なりません。必须。行かなければ なりません。

~なくても いいです。不„也可以。教室へ 行かなくても いいです。

第20課張さんは 料理が できます。

単語

~に寄ります。顺便去、、;顺便到、、、表示能、会的句型

名词+ ができます。能、会„ピンポンが できます。动词原形+ことができます。能、会做„ピンポンをする ことが できます。动词原形+前に„之前家へ 帰る前に ピンポンをします。

何回か„ 几次

特殊疑问词+か表示不确定的(次数等)

何人か几个人

何曜日か几个星期

第21課 王さんは 歌舞伎の 本を 読んだことがあります。

动词た形 将动词て变成た

动词て形动词た形

动1类动词:以う、つ、る结尾 变成って变成った

以く结尾变成いて变成いた

以ぐ结尾变成いで变成いだ

以す结尾变成して变成した

以むぬぶ结尾变成んで变成んだ

动2类动词:以る结尾变成て变成た

动3类动词:くる变成きて变成きた

する变成して变成した

~たことが あります。表示曾经:“曾经„”

北京へ 行ったことがあります。曾经去过北京。

~た後で 表示动作相继发生:“„之后”

勉強した後で、テレビを見ます。学习之后看电视。

第22课

表示反复的动作,状态等的列举

动词过去时た形+り~たり~たり します/です。

形容词过去时かった形+り~かったり ~かったり します/です。形容动词/名词过去时形だった+り~だったり ~だったり します/です。

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