第一篇：备战2010高考英语语法教案(全套)及配套练习：分词
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备战2010高考英语语法教案(全套)及配套练习
分词
9.分词
分词既有动词的特征，由有形容词和副词的特征。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词没有这种区别。及物动词的现在分词还有主动形式和被动形式的区别。分词常用的形式如表所示（以及物动词do 和不及物动词go为例）：
do go 主动 被动
现在分词 doing being done going 过去分词 / done gone
完成式 having done having been done /
9.1 分词作定语
不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调完成；及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动，过去分词强调被动。分词的完成式一般不作定语。分词作其他成分时，也是如此。分词作定语，单个的分词作定语一般前置；分词词组，个别分词如given, left等，修饰不定代词等的分词，作定语需后置。例如：
We can see the rising sun.我们可以看到东升的旭日
He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人
There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里
This is the question given.这是所给的问题
There is nothing interesting.没有有趣的东西
分词作定语相当于定语从句，如Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.= Most of the people who wereinvited to the party were famous scientists.典型例题
1）The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.have written
B.to be written
C.being written
D.written
答案D.书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句
which was written
2）What's the language ____ in Germany?
A.speaking
B.spoken
C.be spoken
D.to speak
答案B.主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：What's the language（which is）spoken in German?
9.2 分词作状语
分词作状语，可以表示时间，原因，理由，条件，让步，连续等，相当于一个状语从句。例如：
Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.由于没有收到他的信，我欢迎各位老师踊跃投稿，稿酬丰厚 邮箱：zxjkw@163.com
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给他打了个电话。
As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.典型例题
1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A.Followed
B.Followed by
C.Being followed
D.Having been followed
答案B.Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。followed by（被…跟随）。本题可改为：
With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.A.followed
B.following
C.to be followed
D.being followed
答案B.由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。
3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.A.Heating
B.To be heated
C.Heated
D.Heat
答案C.本题要选分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，…
注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：
Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
9.3 连词+分词（短语）
有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。例如：
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.等在那儿时，他看见两个靓妹走出大楼。（waiting 和saw 的主语相同）
9.4 分词作补语
通常在感官动词和使役动词之后。例如：
I found my car missing.我发现我的车不见了。
'll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。
9.5 分词作表语
表示主语的状态等。例如：
She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。
He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。
9.6 分词作插入语
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分词作插入语的结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。例如：
generally speaking 一般说来
talking of（speaking of）说道
strictly speaking 严格的说
judging from 从…判断
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration 全面看来
例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。（speaking 不是dogs 的动作）
9.7 分词的时态
1）一般式表示与主语动词同时发生。例如：
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead.一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。
典型例题
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.A.to prepare
B.preparing
C.prepared
D.was preparing
答案B.此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。
2）完成时表示先于主语动词发生。例如：
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg.在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.做完作业后，他出去了。
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.典型例题
___ a reply, he decided to write again.A.Not receiving
B.Receiving not
C.Not having received
D.Having not received
答案C.本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选C。该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.9.8 分词的语态
1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。例如：
He is the man giving you the money.（= who gave you…）他就是给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car.（= who was stopped by…）他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生，如gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等。
例如： a well-read person.一个读过许多书的人
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a much-traveled may 一个去过许多地方的人
a burnt-out match
烧完了的火柴
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第二篇：备战2010高考英语语法教案(全套)及配套练习：答案部分
备战2010高考英语语法教案(全套)及配套练习答案 各章练习答案
22.1 名词练习答案D 15 B 29 D 43 D 57 A 2 D 16 B 30 B 44 B 58 C 3 C 17 B 31 C 45 A 59 D 4 C 18 C 32 C 46 B 60 B 5 A 19 C 33 B 47 D 61 C 6 C 20 B 34 C 48 B 62 B 7 A 21 C 35 A 49 C 63 B 8 D 22 A 36 C 50 B 64 D 9 C 23 D 37 C 51 C 65 B 10 D 24 C 38 B 52 A 66 C 11 C 25 A 39 B 53 D 67 C 12 A 26 A 40 C 54 C 68 D 13 D 27 C 41 D 55 A 69 D 14 B 28 C 42 A 56 D 70 A
22.3 冠词练习答案C 19 C 37 B 55 C 2 B 20 A 38 B 56 A 3 D 21 A 39 C 57 D 4 A 22 B 40 C 58 D 5 A 23 C 41 B 59 B 6 D 24 B 42 A 60 A 7 B 25 D 43 C 61 8 C 26 B 44 B 62 9 B 27 D 45 A 63 10 C 28 D 46 C 64 11 C 29 B 47 B 65 12 A 30 A 48 C 66 13 C 31 B 49 A 67 14 D 32 B 50 D 68 15 C 33 C 51 A 69
A 22 C 40 C 58 C 76 B 5 C 23 D 41 A 59 B 77 D 6 D 24 C 42 D 60 D 78 C 7 B 25 D 43 C 61 A 79 C 8 D 26 B 44 A 62 A 80 A 9 C 27 A 45 B 63 C 81 10 D 28 D 46 C 64 C 82 11 B 29 B 47 B 65 A 83 12 D 30 B 48 B 66 B 84 13 B 31 A 49 C 67 D 85 14 A 32 B 50 D 68 D 86 15 C 33 B 51 C 69 C 87 16 A 34 D 52 A 70 A 88 17 A 35 A 53 D 71 B 89 18 C 36 B 54 D 72 C 90
22.8 B 19 C 37 C 55 C 73 C 2 D 20 B 38 A 56 B 74 B 3 A 21 D 39 D 57 D 75 B 4 C 22 D 40 A 58 A 76 C 5 D 23 C 41 D 59 B 77 A 6 B 24 A 42 B 60 B 78 B 7 D 25 B 43 B 61 C 79 C 8 B 26 D 44 D 62 B 80 A 9 C 27 A 45 B 63 A 81 10 B 28 B 46 B 64 B 82 11 C 29 C 47 A 65 A 83 12 D 30 A 48 B 66 C 84 13 C 31 D 49 D 67 B 85 14 B 32 B 50 B 68 D 86 15 D 33 B 51 C 69 D 87 16 B 34 B 52 A 70 B 88 17 B 35 B 53 D 71 A 89 18 C 36 A 54 A 72 B 90
B 34 D 52 B 70 C 88 D 106 17 A 35 D 53 D 71 A 89 D 107 18 C 36 A 54 D 72 C 90 B 108
22.11反意疑问句练习答案C 19 D 37 A 2 A 20 D 38 C 3 B 21 C 39 D 4 C 22 A 40 A 5 A 23 B 41 6 A 24 C 42 7 C 25 D 43 8 B 26 C 44 9 D 27 B 45 10 B 28 B 46 11 A 29 A 47 12 C 30 C 48 13 B 31 B 49 14 D 32 C 50 15 A 33 D 51 16 D 34 C 52 17 B 35 A 53 18 A 36 D 54
22.12倒装练习答案A 19 D 37 A 2 B 20 D 38 C 3 D 21 A 39 B 4 C 22 B 40 A 5 B 23 A 41 A 6 B 24 C 42 B 7 D 25 A 43 D 8 C 26 B 44 A 9 C 27 C 45 C 10 C 28 B 46 B 11 C 29 A 47 C
C 26 C 44 C 62 B 9 C 27 A 45 D 63 C 10 A 28 B 46 C 64 C 11 C 29 D 47 A 65 D 12 C 30 C 48 C 66 C 13 C 31 B 49 B 67 B 14 C 32 C 50 C 68 C 15 A 33 A 51 D 69 B 16 B 34 D 52 B 70 B 17 D 35 D 53 C 71 18 D 36 A 54 B 72 22.15连词和从句练习答案A 19 D 37 B 55 D 73 D 91 B 109 C 2 B 20 C 38 D 56 B 74 D 92 C 110 D 3 D 21 A 39 A 57 B 75 B 93 D 111 B 4 B 22 B 40 C 58 C 76 A 94 D 112 A 5 C 23 A 41 D 59 D 77 C 95 C 113 A 6 A 24 D 42 A 60 D 78 B 96 C 114 B 7 B 25 B 43 B 61 B 79 D 97 B 115 C 8 D 26 B 44 D 62 B 80 B 98 A 116 9 C 27 B 45 A 63 C 81 A 99 C 117 10 B 28 B 46 B 64 A 82 A 100 B 118 11 D 29 B 47 C 65 D 83 C 101 D 119 12 A 30 D 48 D 66 B 84 B 102 A 120 13 B 31 C 49 D 67 C 85 C 103 A 121 14 B 32 B 50 B 68 B 86 C 104 C 122 15 C 33 D 51 C 69 C 87 A 105 D 123 16 A 34 C 52 B 70 C 88 B 106 C 124 17 A 35 C 53 C 71 A 89 A 107 C 125 18 B 36 D 54 C 72 C 90 A 108 A 126
第三篇：高中英语语法教案及配套练习---连词
20.连词
连词不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor,（and）then等等。
20.1 并列连词与并列结构
并列连词引导两个并列的词、词组或句子。
1）and 与or
判断改错：（错）They sat down and talk about something.（错）They started to dance and sang.（错）I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.（对）They sat down and talked about something.（对）They started to dance and sing.（对）I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.解析：第一句： and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以 talk 应改为 talked。
第二句：and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang 应改为 sing。
第三句：and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。
注意：and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法）例如：
Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.拿定主意，这次你会有机会的。
= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.One more effort, and you'll succeed.再努力一下，你会成功的。
= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed.2）both…and 两者都。例如：
She plays（both）the piano and the guitar.她弹钢琴，也弹吉他。
3）not only…but（also）, as well as不但…而且。例如：
She plays not only the piano, but（also）the guitar.她不但弹钢琴，也弹吉他。
注意：not only… but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。例如
Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.他不但喜欢读小说，甚至还会写。
4）neithe…nor 意思为“既不……也不……”谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。例如：
Neither you nor he is to blame.你和他都不该受指责。
20.2 比较and和or
1）并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。
2）但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：
There is no air or water in the moon.There is no air and no water on the moon.在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。
典型例题
---I don't like chicken ___ fish.---I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.A.and； and
B.and； but C.or； but D.or；and
答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。
判断改错：（错）We will die without air and water.（错）We can't live without air or water.（对）We will die without air or water.（对）We can't live without air and water.20.3 表示选择的并列结构
1）or意思为“否则”。例如：
I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.我要努力学习，否则考试要不及格了。
2）either…or 意思为“或者……或者……”。注意谓语动词的主谓一致采用就近原则。例如：
Either you or I am right.不是你对，就是我对。
20.4 表示转折或对比
1）but表示转折，while表示对比。例如：
Some people love cats, while others hate them.有些人喜欢猫，而有些人不喜欢。
典型例题
---Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
---I'd like to, ___ I'm too busy.A.and
B.so
C.as
D.but
答案D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and，结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。
2）not…but… 意思为“不是…而是…”，后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
They were not the bones of an animal, but（the bones）of a human being.这些不是动物的骨头，而是人的。
20.5 表原因关系
1）for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。
判断改错：（错）For he is ill, he is absent today.（对）He is absent today, for he is ill.2）so为连词, therefore一般为副词。例如：
He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game.他的腿受伤了，不能上场。
I think;therefore I exist.我思故我在。
20.6 比较so和 such such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，little连用，形成固定搭配。
so + adj.such + a（n）+ n.so + adj.+ a（n）+ n.such + n.（pl.）
so + adj.+ n.（pl.）
such +n.（pl.）
so + adj.+ n.（不可数）
such +n.（不可数）
so foolish
such a fool
so nice a flower
such a nice flower so many/ few flowers
such nice flowers
so much/ little money.such rapid progress
so many people
such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。so…that与such…that之间的转换即为 so与such之间的转换。
20.7 连词和从句练习
1.I’d get it for you ______ I could remember who last borrowed the book.a.on condition that b.now that c.except that d.considering that
2.The robber told him that he had better keep silent ______ he wanted to get into trouble
a.if b.unless c.otherwise d.whether
3.Strange ______ his behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it.a.although b.even if c.that d.as
4.We are worried about our son because no one is aware ______ he has gone.a.the place b.of where c.about the place d.where
5.The professor spoke in a loud voice ______ every one of us could hear him.a.such that b.so c.so that d.such
6.When he just got off the plane, he gave us a good description of ______ in Spain.a.what he had seen b.that he had seen c.which he had seen d.he had seen what 7.It is fitted with a small transformer, by means of ______ the voltage of the currency can be adjusted.a.whom b.which c.what d.that
8.I don’t know why she’s looking at me ______ she knew me.I’ve never seen her before in my life.a.as b.although c.even if d.as if
9.No sooner had he finished his speech ______ stormy applause broke out.a.when b.then c.than d.as
10.It is hard to avoid mistakes.______ you correct them conscientiously, it will be all right.a.In the case b.As long as c.Although d.Despite
11.Geometry, ______ I know nothing, seems a very dull subject.a.that b.about that c.which d.about which
12.The highest temperature ______ in any furnace on earth is about 10,000 centigrade.a.we can get b.that we can get it c.which we can get it d.what we can get
13.We sent the horses to a considerable distance, ______ they should disturb the children.a.less b.lest c.last d.least
14.Sound is conducted through steel in the same manner ______.a.as in air b.as through air c.as air does d.like air
15._____ he was putting on his uniform, the officer found that one of the sleeves was torn.a.Since b.Unless c.As d.Before
16.The police finally caught up with the man ______ was the escaped prisoner.a.who they thought b.whom they thought c.they thought him d.that they thought him
17.______ knows the name of this song will receive a prize from the radio station.a.Whoever b.Those c.Whichever people d.Any people 18.______ do you believe is not about to support our plan? a.Whom b.Who c.Whomever d.Which
19.He didn’t know French, ______ made it difficult for him to study at a university in France.a.that b.as c.this d.which
20.She is a fine singer, ______ her mother used to be a.like b.that c.as d.which
21.______, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.a.Lover of towns I am b.As lover of towns
c.Lover of towns as am I d.Though am I the lover of towns
22.The rise of Davy was all the more brilliant in ______ he had not had much schooling.a.which b.that c.what d.the way
23.She always takes careful notes in class ______ she may review them from time to time.a.so that b.in order to c.because of d.rather than
24.The reason he was late is ______ his clock didn’t give the alarm.a.because b.due to c.since d.that
25.______ he was in error will scarcely be disputed by his warmest friends.a.What b.That c.Which d.Though
26.I shall do the exercises ______ I have been taught.a.such b.as c.what d.for
27.______ is worth doing at all is worth doing well.a.That b.Whatever c.Whichever d.However
28.She was so stubborn that she never listens to the advice ______.a.that I give it to her b.which I give to her c.what I give to her d.I give it to her
29.I was supposed to be a mathematics major, but I actually took ______ courses in physics, if not more.a.so many b.as many c.a good many d.such many
30.Heat does not travel by convection in a solid, because the solid does not move, ______.a.so does a liquid b.so a liquid does c.so is a liquid d.as does a liquid
31.He explained everything over again ______ anyone should misunderstand her.a.since b.when c.lest d.as if
32.______ convincing an argument is, it needs support of evidence.a.Whatever b.However c.Although d.Even if
33.Earthworms occur ______ adequate moisture and food and the necessary soil conditions are found.a.and b.however c.but d.wherever
34.______ we gave him anything to eat, he would save it up for his little brother.a.When b.That c.Whenever d.What
35.The reason I plan to go is ______ if I don’t.a.because she will be disappointed b.because she will have a disappointment c.that she will be disappointed d.for which she will be disappointed
36.The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things ______ to teach you the art of learning.a.than b.rather than c.nor d.as
37.If the design was wrong, the project is bound to fail, ______ good all the other ideas might be.a.whatever b.however c.whatsoever d.even
38.He gave ______ came to the store a pamphlet in which his products were described.a.who b.those c.whom d.whoever
39.Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ______ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.a.in that b.in order that c.in which d.that
40.Fox was advised to give the assignment to _______ he believed had a strong sense of responsibility.a.whom b.whomever c.whoever d.that
41.The chairman of the union made it clear at the meeting ______ he would not step down form his position as chairman.a.in which b.where c.because d.that
42.______ Ms.Wang reached the post-office, she discovered she had left the letter at home.a.Just as b.Because c.As long as d.When as
43.The first step in preparing such a program is to draw a flow chart, ______ are shown opposite.a.two examples of it b.two examples of which c.whose two example d.which two examples
44.______ the world began, nations have had difficulty in keeping peace with their neighbors.a.Although b.When c.Until d.Ever since
45.______ difficulties we may come across, we will help one another to get over them.a.Whatever b.Whichever c.However d.What 46.He went to work so late ______ the manager had to send for him again before he arrived.a.as b.that c.for d.when
47.______ you return those books to the library immediately you will have to pay a fine.a.Until b.If c.Unless d.Provided
48.The rose may grow as a low bush or as a tree, depending on ______.a.what it is trimmed b.how it trimmed c.that is trimmed d.how it is trimmed
49.Group work is a method of teaching ______ tasks and activities are carried out by small groups of pupils.a.which b.that c.for which d.in that
50.Einstein’s theory of relativity seemed hard to believe at the time ______.a.when he first introduced b.that he first introduced it c.he first introduced d.which he first introduced it
51.Now we may be able to say ______ between music and noise or just sound.a.what is the difference b.the difference is what c.what the difference is c.that what the difference
52.Contrary to ______ I had expected, he lost for a second time.a.that b.what c.which d.who
53.Professor Smith was so punctual ______, he always arrived to class just as the bell rang.a.that the day he died b.until the day he died
c.that until the day he died d.until the day when he died
54.______ he came to England to study, he didn’t know how to cook.a.When b.since c.Until d.Unless
55.Although Mr smith is one of those teachers who appear to be friendly, ______ he is very hard to deal with.a.but b.so c.so that d.yet
56.______ a baby kangaroo is four months old does it begin to live outside its mother’s pouch.a.Until b.Not until c.After d.Only until
57.The earliest kind of desk was a box that had a sloping lid _______ there was storage space for writing materials.a.under that b.under which c.which d.that
58.I won’t lend any money to Joe because I am afraid ______ he will forget to pay it back.a.if b.whether c.that d.of
59.______ human beings depend to a great extent on forests, every effort must be made to preserve trees and wildlife.a.If b.Unless c.Until d.Since
60.______ he was caught cheating on the exam, Oliver had been considered to be an honest boy.a.When b.After c.Although d.Before
61.Not long after Galileo’s time, Newton invented another kind of telescope ______ mirrors instead of lenses.a.which used b.in which he used c.that he used d.in that he used 62._____ him as a writer I don’t like him as a man.a.Much I admire b.Much as I admire c.As much I admire d.As I admire much 63.I punish the child ______ he should make the same mistake again.a.as be because c.lest d.unless
64.Hardly had the speaker begun to talk ______ were laughs.a.when there b.than there c.than d.that
65.A joint is ______ permits the forward and backward movement of a door.a.that b.whose c.those d.what
66.I am pleased with what you have told me and ______ you have given me.a.all what b.all that c.which d.all whatever
67.______ has recently been done to improve the conditions of elementary schools a great number of children are unable to go to school.a.That b.What c.In spite of what d.Though what
68.Nuclear weapon is considered the most terrible weapon of war ______ man has invented.a.which b.that c.as d.since
69.______ he performed the task with success.a.It was expected b.Which was expected c.As was expected d.That was expected
70.The size of the audience, ______ I had expected, was well over ten thousand.a.which b.that c.as d.whom
71.Not everybody could be expected to know all the answers, ______ some questions called for educated guesses rather than general knowledge.a.as b.so c.such d.once
72.______ you try, you’ll never lose your English accent.a.No matter what b.How hard c.No matter how hard d.Whatever hard
73.______ the bridge were packed with cars and buses, it could still carry twice the load.a.Despite b.Provided c.Unless d.Even if
74.The airplane crashed and over a hundred passengers were killed, ______.a.and that shocked the world b.and which shocked the world c.this fact shocked the world d.which shocked the world
75.The time will surely come ______ ordinary people could operate computers as well.a.while b.when c.as d.on which
76.This machine is new.______, it is in excellent condition.a.Furthermore b.However c.Otherwise d.but
77.This room had but a single window, ______ were kept closed when it was not in use.a.which its shutters b.its shutters of which c.the shutters of which d.which shutters
78.The old man is no coward;______ he is a man of high spirits.a.rather than b.on the contrary c.on the other hand d.at the same time
79.Satellite photographs can provide information on ______ rain are falling.a.which where and how much b.where and how c.where and how d.where and how much
80.Skiing is a sport ______ goes back 4,000 years.a.and its b.whose history c.its history d.and which
81.They will be praised or blamed ______ their work is good or bad.a.according as b.as for c.in as much as d.as regards 82.The story of his upbringing is shocking ______.a.to all that read it b.to all who reads it c.to all which read it d.to all who read it 83.You should get the license in two weeks;______, you’ll have to pay a fine.a.yet b.still c.or d.consequently
84.I had hardly reached the airport ______ he started for his destination.a.then b.when c.the moment d.than
85.He had a large collection of books, ______ are written in foreign languages.a.many b.many ones of which c.many of which d.many in which
86.The book is for the students ______ native language is not Chinese to study in a Chinese college or university.a.their b.that c.whose d.of whom
87.Geologists cannot accurately predict ______ the live volcano will erupt again.a.when b.which c.is that d.and when
88.______ said under oath was disputed by several other witness.a.It is the man b.What the man c.That the man d.The man has
89.______ I was going to college, I was also working as a waitress on weekends.a.During the time that b.At the moment that c.In spite of the fact that d.On the ground that
90.it is a good idea to take a first-aid kit ______ there is an accident.a.in case b.in the event of c.in condition d.but that
91.The strength of the new material is ______ it can stand heavy loads at high temperature.a.that b.such that c.what d.so that
92.That’s the doctor ______ on the seriously wounded man.a.who he operated b.that he operated c.who operated d.that operated him
93._____ , the problem can be solved in only 2 hours with an electronic computer.a.Complicated though it is b.Though is it complicated c.As it is complicated d.Complicated as it is
94.He burned all the important documents ______ that they should fall into the enemy’s hands.a.unless b.so b.lest d.for fear
95.His office on the fortieth floor of a skyscraper in the center of New York City is the world ______.a.that he works b.which he works c.he works in c.he works
96.With the introduction of the electronic computer, there are no complicated problem ______ can be solved.a.that b.as c.but d.which
97.______ all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption of social scientists.a.Nearly b.That nearly c.It is nearly d.When nearly
98.In the testing period, the students spent ______ much time in the classroom on mathematics ______ they spent on any other subject.a.as, as b.as, that c.so, that d.such, that
99.Our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine remains the same ______.a.like theirs b.as they c.as theirs d.as them
100.The audience, ______ enjoyed the performance.a.most of them were students b.most of whom were students c.whom they were students d.they were mostly students
101.______ steel is stronger than iron, men are able to make steel pipes with larger diameters.a.While b.If c.Unless d.As
102.Mr.Chen said that he would be punctual for the appointment, ______ he were late?
a.but what if b.how about c.so what d.and what about
103.Mrs.Lee will move into her new house next Monday, ______ it will be completely furnished.a.by which time b.by the time c.by that time d.by some time
104.I have little doubt about his competence;______ he is well-qualified for the job.a.although b.because c.moreover d.yet
105.The quantum theory states ______, such as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny definite units called quanta or protons.a.energy that b.that it is energy c.it is energy d.that energy
106.______ to space travelers is high acceleration or deceleration forces.a.Danger can be b.They can be dangerous c.What can be dangerous d.While danger
107.______ these questions may sound academic, answers to them could have profound economic and political significance.a.Since b.If c.While d.Lest
108.A body weighs ______ from the surface of the Earth.a.less the farther it gets b.the farther it gets
c.less than it gets farther d.less than it, the farther it gets
109.______ it is you’ve found, you must give it back to the person it belongs to.a.That b.Because c.Whatever d.However
110.______ is often the case with a new idea much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produce no concrete proposals.a.That b.It c.Which d.As
111.Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ______ higher plants can survive.a.there b.wherever c.somewhere d.anywhere 112.Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual knowledge ______ our thinking.a.upon which to base b.which to base upon c.which to be based on d.to which to be based 113.Twelve is to six ______ two is to one.a.what b.which c.that d.when
114.______, she knows French well.a.A child as she is b.Child as she is c.As she is a child d.The child as she is 115.______, they could find nobody in the house.a.As they would search b.Would as they search c.Search as they would d.They would search as
第四篇：高中英语语法教案及配套练习---动词的语态
12.动词的语态
语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者时为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者时为被动语态。
注意：1）感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to”。例如：
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.老师逼我走出教室。
--> I was made to go out of the classroom（by the teacher）.We saw him play football on the playground.我们看见他在草场踢球。
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.2）情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.煤可以产生工农业需要的电。
12.1 let 的用法
1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。例如：
They let the strange go.他们放陌生人走了。
---> The strange was let go.2）当let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。例如：
The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.那护士让我去探望住院的同学。
----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.12.2 短语动词的被动语态
短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：
My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.我妹妹由奶奶照顾。
Such a thing has never been heard of before.这样的事闻所未闻。
12.3 表示“据说”或“相信” 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如：
It is said that…
据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that… 大家相信
It is hoped that… 大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知
It is thought that… 大家认为
It is suggested that… 据建议
It is taken granted that…
被视为当然
It has been decided that… 大家决定
It must be remember that… 务必记住的是
12.4 不用被动语态的情况
1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi.结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread，stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态。
例如：After the fire, very little remained of my house.大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。
比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
（错）The price has been risen.（对）The price has risen.（错）The accident was happened last week.（对）The accident happened last week.（错）The price has raised.（对）The price has been raised.（错）Please seat.（对）Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如：
This key just fits the lock.这把钥匙只配这把锁。
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.你说的与我们听说的一致。
3）系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：It sounds good.听上去不错。
4）带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream，live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：
She dreamed a bad dream last night.她昨晚做了个恶梦。
5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如：
（对）She likes to swim.（错）To swim is liked by her.12.5 主动形式表示被动意义
1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如：
The book sells well.这本书销路好。
This knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用。
2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：
I was to blame for the accident.事故发生了，我该受指责。
Much work remains.还有许多活要干。
3）在need, require, want, worth（形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如：
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.门该修了。
This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。
4）特殊结构：make sb.heard / understood（使别人能听见/理解自己）等。例如： Explain it clearly and make yourself understood.解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。
12.6 被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated（from）, be prepared（for）, be occupied（in）, get married等。例如：
He is graduated from a famous university.他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb.或get married to sb.均可。例如：
He married a rich girl.他与一个富妞结婚了。
He got married to a rich girl.12.7 need/want/require/worth
当 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。例如：
Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。
The floor requires washing.地板需要冲洗。
典型例题
The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaning
B.be cleaned
C.clean
D.being cleaned
答案A.need（实意）+n /to do，need（情态）+ do，当为被动语态时，还可need + doing.本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有to be cleaned 则也为正确答案。
第五篇：备战2019高考英语名词提升练习[范文]
2019备战高考英语：名词提升练习（含解析）
李仕才
一、单选题
1.—Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes? — Well, I just follow the directons in the cookbook.A.feature
B.plan
C.cost
D.trick 2.In a(n)
to help preserve history, the Greek government established a committee to undertake the professional restoration of the Acropolis.A.order
B.purpose
C.aim
D.attempt 3.“China Daily”, whose editorial office is in Beijing, also has __________ in all major cities in China.A.branches
B.companies
C.organizations
D.businesses 4.If there is a(n)
of something, for example, a machine or part of the body, it goes wrong and stops working.A.failure
B.accident
C.damage
D.error 5.Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an
.A.affair
B.assistant
C.aspect
D.attraction 6.—Paul has gone abroad to try his luck.—In my________ , his decision is not wise.A.word
B.view
C.sight
D.way 7.—He tried his best to make the________of the famous professor and persuaded him to be his tutor.—May he succeed.A.decision
B.function
C.acquaintance
D.friends 8.He did not feel the need to say compliments, since he believed one should be confident within his heart.A.wishes
B.complaints
C.apologies
D.praises 9.When I came back home, I wrote him a letter to show my ________ of his thoughtfulness.A.appreciation
B.agreement
C.attention
D.achievement 10.Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000,a(n)______of 40,000 per year.A.average
B.number
C.amount
D.quantity 11.In order to _______ a good knowledge of English, he gave up his job and went to study in an English school.A.require
B.inquire
C.acquire
D.address 12.Always read the________on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A.explanations
B.instructions
C.descriptions
D.introductions 13.What
it is to have
exciting game in the afternoon after school！A.a fun;a
B.a fun;an
C.fun;an
D.fun;a 14.On the top of this mountain, you can get a wonderful
of the nearby hills.A.view B.sight C.look D.scene 15.“I don't think it's my ________ that the window suddenly broke.I just opened it, that's all,” said the boy in tears.A.error
B.fault
C.mistake
D.duty 16.Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect extraordinary ________ from them to help rebuild the economy.A.commitment
B.appointment
C.instrument
D.requirement 17.This book contains a ________ of several articles in nuclear physics so you can read it before you read the book in detail.A.digest
B.digestion
C.preview
D.manual 18.My doctor says I need an operation, but I've asked a second ________.A.role
B.concern
C.opinion
D.request 19.The teacher ____________ the exam marks on the wall so that the students could see them.Actually, I didn't quite like this ____________, though I was among the top students.A.put up;practice B.put on;improvement C.take down;performance D.take off;scene 20.She enjoyed the excitement of her work.Money was not her only _____________.A.breakthrough
B.performance
C.career
D.motivation 21.Beijing has built many sports centres, and they have the latest __________.A.equipments
B.facilities
C.advantages
D.souvenirs 22.Over years，scientists have made a great________in the treatment of cancer.A.breakin
B.breakthrough
C.breakup
D.breakdown 23.The medicine should usually be kept out of the ________ of children at home.A.distance
B.reach
C.limit
D.arrival 24.Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that.Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered
by a robot.A.scissors
B.section
C.skin
D.sympathy
二、语法填空
25.Living on her own in a foreign country for a year gave her a lot of ________(confident).26.A large________of money was spent on the bridge.27.We will try to make ________ with those students who are in need of books in the Mountainous area.28.“This is a matter of ________(important)and it cannot be settled carelessly,” the manager said.29.Chinese athletes have made many important________(contribute)to the Olympic Games.30.There are a number of________(艺术馆)in the district.31.The actor was dressed in funny clothes, much to the ________(entertain)of the audience.32.Some day in the future, I'll make the ________(explore)of the surface of the Moon.33.It will certainly be of great help to Tom, if there is a good environment, enough books and ________(equip), as well as instruction from his teachers and friends.34.Are you available this afternoon to talk with me about rights and ________.(free)35.The plan will be submitted to the committee for official ________(approve).36.We paid a visit to Guilin, whose beauty was beyond ________(describe)． 37.There are ________(various)of books on the Internet.38.Several people witnessed the attack, but no one came to her ________(defend).39.He made an ________(apologize)to his mother for telling a lie.答案解析部分
一、单选题 1.【答案】D 【考点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：——你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗？——好吧，我就是按照烹饪书上的说明做的。A.feature“特征”；B.plan“计划”；C.cost“花费”；D.trick“诀窍”。这里表示“你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗”，所以选D。【点评】考查名词辨析，区分feature，plan，cost，trick的含义。2.【答案】D 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
【解析】【分析】考查名词辨析。句意：为了帮助保存历史，希腊政府专门成立了一个委员会来承担雅典卫城的专业修复。A.order“命令”；B.purpose“目的”；C.aim“目标”；D.attempt“企图，尝试”。in an attempt to固定短语，“为了，企图”，故选D。【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上，进一步牢固掌握选项中四个名词的含义和用法，准确把握短语in an attempt to。3.【答案】A 【考点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：《中国日报》编辑部在北京,它在中国所有大 城市都有分部。branch“分支,分部”；company“公司”;organization“组织”;business“生意”。故选A。【点评】考查名词的辨析，区分branch，company，organization，business的含义。4.【答案】A 【考点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：如果某物失败了，例如，一台机器或身体的某一部位，说明它出毛病了，停止工作了。A.failure “失败”；
B.accident“事故”；C.damage“损害”；D.error“错误”。故选A。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分failure，accident，damage，error的含义。5.【答案】A 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
【解析】【分析】本题考查名词的词义辨析。A.affair风流韵事，私事；B.assistant助手；C.aspect方面；D.attraction吸引。句意：克莱尔知道，格拉迪丝认为她有风流韵事了。根据句意可知本题选A。6.【答案】B 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
【解析】【分析】句意：——保罗出国淘金去了。——在我看来，他的决定不明智。in my view=“in” my opinion在我看来； 故选B。【点评】考查固定词组。7.【答案】C 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
【解析】【分析】句意为：—他尽力结识那位著名教授，并说服他当他的导师。—祝他成功。make the acquaintance of sb.结识；与……相见，是固定短语。make a decision about就……做出决定；function作用，功能，职能；make friends with与……交朋友。8.【答案】D 【考点】名词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：他不觉得有必要说恭维话，因为他相信一个人应该在心里充满自信。A.wishes“愿望”；B.complaints“抱怨”；C.apologies“道歉”；D.praises“赞美”。故选D。
【点评】考查名词，区分wishes；complaints；apologies；praises的含义。9.【答案】A 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
【解析】【分析】考查名词。句意：当我到家的时候，我写给他一封信表达我对他的周全考虑的感激之情。A项表示“欣赏，感激”；B项是“同意，一致”之意；C项表示“注意”；D项是“成就”，故选A项适合。10.【答案】A 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
【解析】【分析】句意：去年毕业时有驾照的学生数量已达到20万，平均每年4万。average“平均，平均数”；a number of“许多，大量”，修饰可数名词；an amount of“许多，大量”，修饰不可数名词；a quantity of“许多，大量”，修饰可数名词和不可数名词。根据句意，应选A项。
【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上，进一步牢固掌握average、number、amount、quantity四个名词的含义和用法。11.【答案】C 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
【解析】【分析】考查词义辨析。A.需要；命令 B.询问；查究
C.获得；学到 D.演说；忙于。句意：为了学到更好的英语知识，他放弃了工作去一所英语学校学习。故选C。【点评】考查词义辨析 12.【答案】B 【考点】名词辨析
【解析】【分析】 句意：读瓶子上的说明，然后正确服药。explanation“解释；注释；说明”；instruction“说明；须知”，常用作复数形式；description“描写”；introduction“引导；传入；介绍”。根据句意，此处指药瓶上的“用药须知；服用说明”。故选B。
【点评】考查名词辨析，注意理解句意和单词词义。13.【答案】C 【考点】不定冠词，what引导的感叹句，不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：下午放学后去踢一场激动人心的比赛是一件多么有趣的事儿啊！fun是个抽象名词,但它的用法与其他的抽象名词又不尽相同。即使在具体话的时候也不加冠词a.what fun(it is)to do sth“干某事多有趣呀”。have an exciting game “一场激 动人心的比赛”，an表泛指。故选C。
【点评】考查感叹句和冠词，本题涉及不可数名词fun的应用和不定冠词的用法。14.【答案】A 【考点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：在山顶，你能看到附近山上的美景。A.view“风景，视野”； B.sight“视力”；C.look“面容”； D.scene“场面”。get a view of为固定搭配，意为＂看到……的景象＂。故选A。
【点评】考查名词，区分view，sight，look，scene以及固定短语get a view of。15.【答案】B 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
【解析】【分析】考查名词。此题考查“error”“mistake”“fault”的区别，根据题意可知这个错误带有责任，因此应该用fault，而error主要是技术上的错误错误，mistake不带含责任意味。因此选B。
【点评】find fault with找事，找岔子。16.【答案】A 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
【解析】【分析】考查名词。A句意：既然银行在逐渐复原当中，我们期待得到来自他们特别的承诺帮助重建经济。commitment承诺；B.appointment预约；C.instrument仪器；D.requirement要求。故选A。
【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上，进一步准确区分选项中的名词的含义和用法。17.【答案】A 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
【解析】【分析】考查名词辨析。名词digest摘要；digestion消化，领悟；preview试映，预演；预告片；象征，预示；manual手册，指南；句意：这本书里有一些关于核物理的摘要，所以在你详细阅读这些书之前，你可以阅读这些摘要。本题的in detail是关键词，与“digest摘要”对应。故A正确。【点评】考查名词辨析 18.【答案】C 【考点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：我的医生建议我开刀，但是我又征求了其他医生的意见。role”角色，任务“；concern”关心，关注“；opinion“意见”；request”请求“。选C。【点评】考查名词辨析，区分role，concern，opinion，request的含义。19.【答案】A 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择，动词短语的辨析
【解析】【分析】考查动词词组和名词。A.put up提供，张贴;practice 练习，惯例 ； B.put on穿上;improvement改善；C.take down记下;performance表演；
D.take off起飞;scene场面。句意：老师把考试分数张贴在墙上目的是学生们能够看见。事实上，我不喜欢这样的做法，尽管我在顶尖的学生中。根据句意可知选A。20.【答案】D 【考点】名词辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：她很享受工作时的兴奋感。钱不是她唯一的动力。根据前面提到的excitement可知，该空指的是动力。A.breakthrough “突破”；
B.performance“表演”；C.career “事业”； D.motivation“动力”。故选D。
【点评】考查名词词义辨析，区分breakthrough；performance；career；motivation的含义。
21.【答案】B 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
【解析】【分析】考查名词。句意：北京建了很多体育中心，他们有最新的设备。A.equipments”装备“；
B.facilities ”设备“；C.advantages ”优势“； D.souvenirs”纪念品“。可知答案为B。
【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上，进一步牢固掌握选项中四个名词的含义和用法。22.【答案】B 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
【解析】【分析】考查单词意思辨析。A项“非法进入，闯入”；B项“突破”；C项“破裂”；D项“失败，损坏”。根据句意“在过
去的几年里，科学家在癌症的治疗上已经取得了重大突破”。故答案为B。23.【答案】B 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
【解析】【分析】名词词义辨析题。A.distance距离 B.reach手可触及的范围 C.limit 限制D.arrival 到达 根据语境“药品应放在家中孩子够不到的范围”所以选D。24.【答案】D 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
【解析】【分析】本题考查名词的词义辨析。A.scissors剪刀；B.section部分；C.skin皮肤；D.sympathy同情。句意：托尼则说，克莱尔一定是很不高兴，才会说出这样的话来。克莱尔觉得，机器人会向她表示同情，这有点荒唐可笑。根据句意可知选D正确。
二、语法填空
25.【答案】confidence 【考点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：她在异国他乡生活了一年，给了她很多自信。a lot of = lots of,可修饰可数或不可数名词，意为“许多”，“大量的”，相当于many或much。故答案为confidence。
【点评】考查单词在语境中的运用，需要根据句意和句子成分分析，对词进行必要的变形，同时熟记固定搭配和基本句型。26.【答案】amount 【考点】固定短语，名词
【解析】【分析】句意：一大笔钱花在了这座桥上。a large amount of固定短语，译为“许多，大量的”，可以修饰可数名词或不可数名词。故填amount。【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语a large amount of。27.【答案】contact 【考点】固定短语，名词
【解析】【分析】句意：我们将设法与那些在山区需要书籍的学生取得联系。contact名词，“联系”，make contact with固定短语，“与……取得联系”。结合句意判断填contact。【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语make contact with。28.【答案】importance 【考点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：“这是一个重要的问题，不能随便解决，”经理说。of后接名词或动名词，故important的名词形式为importance。
【点评】考查单词在语境中的运用，需要根据句意和句子成分分析，对词进行必要的变形。29.【答案】contributions 【考点】固定短语，名词
【解析】【分析】句意：中国运动员为奥运会做出了重要贡献。make a contribution to固定短语，“为……做出贡献”，根据前面的many可知用复数形式。故填contributions。【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语make a contribution to。30.【答案】galleries
【解析】【分析】句意：在这个地区有许多艺术馆。a number of“许多”，后面接名词复数，故填galleries。
【考查】考查名词单复数，要求在理解句义的的基础上，根据括号内的单词，结合相关语法知识，写出正确的单词形式。31.【答案】entertainment 【考点】固定短语，名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这位演员身着奇装异服，很受观众的欢迎。much to one's +名词，固定短语，“使某人非常…..”，所以填entertainment。【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语much to one's +名词。32.【答案】exploration 【考点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：将来的某一天，我将探索月球的表面。考查the+n.+of的结构，故答案为：exploration。
【点评】考查the+n.+of的结构中的名词形式。33.【答案】equipment 【考点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：如果汤姆有好的环境，足够的书籍和设备，以及他的老师和朋友的指导，对他肯定有很大帮助。本句中的equip在句子中与books一起作表语，二者都被形容词enough修饰，故要用名词，因此填equipment。【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语的应用。34.【答案】freedom 【考点】名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择，单词拼写
【解析】【分析】考查名词。句意：今天下午你有空和我谈谈权利和自由吗？此空 与前面的rights并列，故这里也用名词，故填freedom。
【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上，要进一步掌握freedom 的含义和用法，从而写出所给单词的正确形式。35.【答案】approval 【考点】名词，单词拼写
【解析】【分析】考查名词。句意：因为官方批准这个计划将提交委员会。approval”批准，认可“。形容词后面应跟名词形式，故填approval。
【点评】本题题干是根据所给单词的正确形式填空，要求考生在理解句义的基础上，进一步考查考生对名词这一知识点的掌握。36.【答案】description 【考点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：我们去了桂林，桂林的美丽难以形容。beyond description固定短语，“难以形容”，故填description。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语beyond description。37.【答案】varieties 【考点】名词
【解析】【分析】考查名词的拼写。句意：网上有各种各样的书。varieties of各种各样的。故用varieties。
【点评】考查对单词熟练掌握，同时根据语境对单词进行必要的变形，注意名词的单复数。38.【答案】defence/ defences 【考点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：有几个人目击了这次袭击，但没有人来为她辩护。此处her是形容词性物主代词，后面用名词形式，故答案为defence/ defences。【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语的应用。39.【答案】apology 【考点】固定短语，名词
【解析】【分析】句意：他因说谎向他的母亲道歉。make an apology to …固定短语，“向.....道歉”，故填apology。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语make an apology to …。
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