第一篇：2010高考二轮复习英语学案：专题八 非谓语动词和独立主格结构
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2010高考二轮复习英语学案：专题八 非谓语动词和独立主格结构
【典例精析】
1.（08北京）____ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she'd like that little doll on her bed.A.Seeing B.To see C.See D.Seen 【解题】A非谓语动词see构成的短语与句子的主语I即其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用在句首,中间与句子用逗号分开,表示伴随情况,用作伴随状语,因此用现在分词。
2.(08全国卷I)I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good ____.A.to be breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed 【解题】B在主系表结构中,当表语形容词为good, light, heavy, difficult等时,其后常用不定式作状语,表示时间,原因,结果等,且常用主动形式表示被动意义,因此选B。此处为特殊情况。
3.(08北京)----Did the book give the information you needed?----Yes.But ____ it, I had to read the entire book.A.to find B.find C.to be finding D.finding 【解题】 A 非谓语动词短语与主句之间用逗号隔开,作状语。根据句意:为了找到需要的信息,我不得不看完整本书的内容,表示目的。不定式常在句首作目的状语,且此处不表示动作正在进行,因此用一般式,选A。
4.（09湖南）Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it.A.reusing B.reused
C.reuses
D.to be reused 【解析】D 考查动词不定时的用法。句意为：现在人们有时把他们的废物分开，以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作，而且是被动的。故选D。
5.（09江西）_________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.A.Giving B.Having given C.To give D.Given 【解析】D 考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：If they are given the right kind of training , 可知主语they 即these teenager soccer players与give 之间是被
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动的关系，所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则，连词if 也可省，所以得出given the right kind of training , these teenager soccer players„„ 6.（09江西）The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.A.forced B.forcing C.to be forced D.having forced 【解析】B 考查非谓语动词的用法。现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰new laws ,相当于which forces „„...7.（09海南）The children all turned_____the famous actress as she entered the classroom.A.looked at B.to look at C.to looking at D.look at 【解析】B。句意为：当那位著名的女演员走进了教室，所有的孩子都转过头去看她。turn to 表示“转向，求助”的意思。
8.(09海南)Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ? A.taking B.take
C.taken
D.to take 【解析】C。考查with +宾语+宾语补足语的用法。句意为：现在,我们已经讨论了问题,是人们最满意的决定？ take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动
9.（09山东）We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.A.to be held B.held C.being held D.holding 【解析】A 考查非谓语动词的用法，由next month可知时间是在将来，party是被举行，故选A。
10（09陕西）I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.A.to take B.to be taken C.taking D.being taken 【解析】D 考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词做remember的宾语，而remember后用非谓语动词做宾语时，可以用v-ing形式，v-ing表示的动作已经完成，也可用动词不定式，表示的动作还未发生，根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经完成，且与逻辑主语是被动关系，用v-ing的被动式，选D。
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11.（09福建）not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.A.Reminding B.Reminded C.To remind D.Having reminded 【解析】B 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager，非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，选B。
12.（09福建）In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.A.marking B.marked C.having marked D.being marked 【解析】A 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，其后有宾语，故与逻辑主语是主动关系，且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，用现在分词，选A。
13.（09湖南）When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere.A.would open B.opened
C.had opened D.was to open
【解析】D 考查非谓语动词。动词不定时的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。
14.（09湖南）9．At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.A.living;wondering C.lived;wondered
B.lived;wondering
D.living;wondered 【解析】A 考查分词的用法。句意为：29岁的大卫,是一个工人,住在一间小公寓在波士顿附近,不知怎么办关于他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰a worker，and 为并列连词，连接相同的成份。
【专题突破】依据非谓语动词各个不同类型的考查方式和特点。可以采用非谓语动词和独立主格结构的“五步骤”做题法；即非谓语动词的“五步骤”做题法：1.牢记核心意义；2.分析句子成分；3.寻找逻辑主语；4.了解时间关系；5.分析特殊情况。独立主格结构的“五步骤”：1.认识独立主格结构，建立独立主格结构概念；2.认清独立主格结构的来源，理解独立主格结构的功能；3.从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别；4.全面掌握独立主格结构的功能；5.熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型，全面掌握独立主格结构。当然并非每道题都要全面考虑以上“五步骤” 有时只需通过一两个步骤即可得到答案。我相信,只要
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同学们在训练中严格按照这种思路去分析,就可以练就一双火眼金睛,那么,再难的考查非谓语动词和独立主格结构的试题都是可以快速得到答案的。
1.I don’t know whether you happen ____ it, but I’m going to study in the U.S.A.this September.A.to be heard B.to be hearing C.to hear D.to have heard 2._____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery.A.Tiring;to admire B.Being tired;admiring C.Tired;to admire D.Tired;admiring 3.Don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth.A.run B.running C.being run D.to run 4.He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.put B.to be put C.to put D.putting 5._____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.A.Having stolen B.Having been stolen C.Stolen D.Stealing 6.To answer correctly is more important than _____.A.that you finish quickly B.finishing quickly C.to finish quickly D.finish quickly 7.You will see this product made in this factory _____ wherever you go.A.to be advertised B.advertised C.advertise D.advertising 8.The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _____ the river.A.to have discovered B.to have been discovered C.to discover D.having been discovered 9.—— Have you considered _____ your job as a teacher? ——Yes.I like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener.A.to change;to be B.to change;being C.changing;being D.changing;to be 10.Mr.Green is said _____ an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.A.to do B.to have done C.to be doing D.to have been doing
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11.Seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.A.prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.having prepared 12.The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied
13.Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.A.permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 14.The speech ______ a lively discussion started.A.being delivered B.was delivered C.be delivered D.having been delivered 15.______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A.Other things being equal B.Were other things equal C.To be equal to other things D.Other things to be equal 16.All things ______, the planned trip will have to be called off.A.considered B.be considered C.considering D.having considered 参考答案：
1.【解析】D happen to have done sth 为不定式的完成时, 表示一个已经完成了的动作,强调对于现在的影响.2.【解析】C tired and out of breath为“形容词和介词短语”在句中作状语。stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事
3.【解析】B非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,选项A、D表示将来可能发生的动作;B表示宾语持续性动作,根据句意选B,表示水不停地流出。
4.【解析】D catch sb doing sth表示发觉或当场捉住 sb在做一件事情。
5.【解析】A从动作发生的时间来看，应是先偷钻石，再找地方藏匿，故用-ing形式的完成式。
6.【解析】C题意为“正确做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。两个非谓语动词短语在形式上应保持一致。
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7.【解析】B advertise意为“为„„登广告”。made in this factory作定语修饰product;advertised作宾语补足语。
8.【解析】A用不定式的完成式表示动作发生在(定语)从句谓语动作之前。
9.【解析】D consider 作“考虑”解时，后常接-ing形式（短语）作宾语；作“认为” 解时，后常接含有名词、形容词或to be的复合结构。
10【解析】B由when young可知此处应该用不定式的完成式，表示此动作发生在谓语动作之前。
11.【解析】C由固定短语be(well)prepared for可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。
12.【解析】D.with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词“手”与分词“绑”是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.13.【解析】B.本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk.然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。
14.【解析】D 句意：演讲完后，开始了热烈的讨论。把握前后主语不一致，动作发生在之前，故选答案为D.15.【解析】A 句意：在其它条件相同的情况下，表达好的人肯定要比语言能力差的人更快地取得成功，前后的主语不一致，故选答案A.16.【解析】A 考虑了方方面面之后，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消了,前后主语不一致，故答案为A。
【学法导航】非谓语动词内容繁多,用法复杂,是学生们在英语学习过程中的最大难点,也是高考中的必考项目。独立主格结构相对来说考查较少，但经常放在with复合结构中考查；同学们要想掌握他们的用法,轻松备战高考,快速准确地解题,不妨牢记非谓语动词和独立主格结构基本、特殊用法以及解题“五步骤”，具体内容如下: 一.非谓语动词“五步骤”
1.牢记核心意义。不定式表将来或能够,动词ing形式表主动或进行,过去分词表被动或完成。2.分析句子成分。非谓语动词在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、补语以及状语。3.寻找逻辑主语,把握，前后主语一致性和主被动关系。非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语,但它仍表示的是动作,因此在意义上会有一个动作的发出者,这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。
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作主语补足语,表语和状语时,逻辑主语为句子的主语;作宾语补足语,逻辑主语为宾语;作定语,逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词;复合结构自带逻辑主语。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的是主动关系,用现在分词或不定式的主动式,如果是被动关系,则用过去分词或不定式的被动式,如果表被动进行,则用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。
4.了解时间关系。如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,用一般式;如果发生在之前,则用完成式,如果强调正在进行,则用进行时;如果动作在将来发生,则用不定式。5.分析特殊情况。主要是指一些习惯用法,固定搭配等。二．独立主格结构的“五步骤”
1.认识独立主格结构，建立独立主格结构概念。
最初的独立主格结构就是带逻辑主语的分词结构，它的作用相当于状语。
2.认清独立主格结构的来源，理解独立主格结构的功能。
我们清楚地看出独立主格结构作状语和分词作状语一样来源于状语从句。
3.从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别。
分词作状语和独立主格结构作状语的区别就在于逻辑主语的不同，分词的逻辑主语为主句的主语，独立主格结构的逻辑主语就是分词前边的名词或代词。
4.全面掌握独立主格结构的功能。
要将复合句或并列句改成简单句时，应注意：要根据分词和独立主格结构作状语时逻辑主语的不同情况改写句子，当复合句或并列句的主语一致时，适合改成分词作状语；当复合句或并列句的主语不一致时，适合改成独立主格结构作状语。
5.熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型，全面掌握独立主格结构。
有时将并列句或复合句改成简单句时，应注意：原句中含有 be 动词时，一律改成 being 形式，being 后面为非名词时 being 可忽略。
独立主格结构除了分词式独立主格结构之外，还有介词、形容词、副词、不定式式独立主格结构，即带逻辑主语的介词、形容词、副词、不定式结构，可用作伴随状语、条件状语、原因状语或时间状语。
【专题综合】1.____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A.To throw B.Thrown C.Throwing D.Being throwing 2.____ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.taoti.tl100.com 你的首选资源互助社区
A.To walk B.Walking C.Walked D.Having walked 3.I hear they've promoted Tom, but he didn't mention ____ when we talked on the phone.A.to promote B.having been promoted C.having promoted D.to be promoted 4.The message is very important, so it is supposed ____ as soon as possible.A.to be sent B.to send C.being sent D.sending 5.____ around the Water Cube, we wre then taken to see the Bird's Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.A.Having shown B.To be shown C.Having been shown D.to show 6.We had an anxious couple of weeks ____for the results of the experiment A.wait B.to be waiting C.waited D.waiting 7.____ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A.Fail B.Failed C.To fail D.Having failed 8.It is one of the funniest things ____ on the Internet so far this year.A.finding B.being found C.to find D.found 9.____ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.A.Waiting B.To wait C.Having waited D.To have waited 10.----Can those ____at the back of the classroom hear me?-----No problem.A.seat B.sit C.seated D.sat 11.He was busy writing a story, only _____once in a while to smoke a cigarette.A.to stop B.stopping C.to have stopped D.having stopped 12.Please remain ______;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.A.seating B.seated C.to seat D.to be seated 13.----they are quiet, aren't they?----yes.They are accustomed ______at meal.A.to talk B.to not talk C.to talking D.to not talking 14.To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______as much
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as we can.A.speak B.speaking C.spoken D.to speak 15.Lucy's new job paid twice as much as she had made _____in the restaurant.A.working B.work C.to work D.worked 16.The soldier fell asleep ________.A.with the candle burning B.burning the candle C.when he was burning the candle D.when burning the candle 17.________, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.A.Being on B.When being on C.With all the lights on D.When it turns on all the lights 18.____ the notice, he had an idea.A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above 19.______ the notice, an idea came to his mind.A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above 参考答案：1-5 CBBAC 6-10 DDDCC 11-15BBDCA 16-19 ACDA
第二篇：2010高考二轮复习英语学案：专题八 非谓语动词和独立主格结构
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KS5U2010高考二轮复习英语学案
专题八 非谓语动词和独立主格结构
【典例精析】
1.（08北京）____ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she'd like that little doll on her bed.A.Seeing B.To see C.See D.Seen 【解题】A非谓语动词see构成的短语与句子的主语I即其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用在句首,中间与句子用逗号分开,表示伴随情况,用作伴随状语,因此用现在分词。
2.(08全国卷I)I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good ____.A.to be breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed 【解题】B在主系表结构中,当表语形容词为good, light, heavy, difficult等时,其后常用不定式作状语,表示时间,原因,结果等,且常用主动形式表示被动意义,因此选B。此处为特殊情况。
3.(08北京)----Did the book give the information you needed?----Yes.But ____ it, I had to read the entire book.A.to find B.find C.to be finding D.finding 【解题】 A 非谓语动词短语与主句之间用逗号隔开,作状语。根据句意:为了找到需要的信息,我不得不看完整本书的内容,表示目的。不定式常在句首作目的状语,且此处不表示动作正在进行,因此用一般式,选A。
4.（09湖南）Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it.A.reusing
B.reused
C.reuses
D.to be reused 【解析】D 考查动词不定时的用法。句意为：现在人们有时把他们的废物分开，以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作，而且是被动的。故选D。
5.（09江西）_________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.A.Giving B.Having given C.To give D.Given 【解析】D 考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：If they are given the right www.xiexiebang.com 版权所有@高考资源网
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in a hurry.A.Reminding
B.Reminded
C.To remind D.Having reminded 【解析】B 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager，非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，选B。
12.（09福建）In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.A.marking B.marked
C.having marked D.being marked 【解析】A 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，其后有宾语，故与逻辑主语是主动关系，且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，用现在分词，选A。
13.（09湖南）When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere.A.would open
B.opened
C.had opened
D.was to open
【解析】D 考查非谓语动词。动词不定时的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。
14.（09湖南）9．At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.A.living;wondering C.lived;wondered
B.lived;wondering D.living;wondered 【解析】A 考查分词的用法。句意为：29岁的大卫,是一个工人,住在一间小公寓在波士顿附近,不知怎么办关于他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰a worker，and 为并列连词，连接相同的成份。
【专题突破】依据非谓语动词各个不同类型的考查方式和特点。可以采用非谓语动词和独立主格结构的“五步骤”做题法；即非谓语动词的“五步骤”做题法：1.牢记核心意义；2.分析句子成分；3.寻找逻辑主语；4.了解时间关系；5.分析特殊情况。独立主格结构的“五步骤”：1.认识独立主格结构，建立独立主格结构概念；2.认清独立主格结构的来源，理解独立主格结构的功能；3.从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别；4.全面掌握独立主格结构的功能；5.熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型，全面掌握独立主格结构。当然并非每道题都要全面考虑以上“五步骤” 有时只需通过一两个步骤即可得到答案。我相信,只要同学们在训练中严格按照这种思路去分析,就可以练就一双火眼金睛,那么,再难的考查非谓语动词和独立主格结构的试题都是可以快速得到答案的。
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satisfaction.A.prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.having prepared 12.The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied
13.Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.A.permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 14.The speech ______ a lively discussion started.A.being delivered B.was delivered C.be delivered D.having been delivered 15.______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A.Other things being equal B.Were other things equal C.To be equal to other things D.Other things to be equal 16.All things ______, the planned trip will have to be called off.A.considered
B.be considered
C.considering
D.having considered 参考答案：
1.【解析】D happen to have done sth 为不定式的完成时, 表示一个已经完成了的动作,强调对于现在的影响.2.【解析】C tired and out of breath为“形容词和介词短语”在句中作状语。stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事
3.【解析】B非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,选项A、D表示将来可能发生的动作;B表示宾语持续性动作,根据句意选B,表示水不停地流出。
4.【解析】D catch sb doing sth表示发觉或当场捉住 sb在做一件事情。
5.【解析】A从动作发生的时间来看，应是先偷钻石，再找地方藏匿，故用-ing形式的完成式。
6.【解析】C题意为“正确做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。两个非谓语动词短语在形式上应保持一致。
7.【解析】B advertise意为“为„„登广告”。made in this factory作定语修饰product;advertised作宾语补足语。
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语。作主语补足语,表语和状语时,逻辑主语为句子的主语;作宾语补足语,逻辑主语为宾语;作定语,逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词;复合结构自带逻辑主语。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的是主动关系,用现在分词或不定式的主动式,如果是被动关系,则用过去分词或不定式的被动式,如果表被动进行,则用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。
4.了解时间关系。如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,用一般式;如果发生在之前,则用完成式,如果强调正在进行,则用进行时;如果动作在将来发生,则用不定式。
5.分析特殊情况。主要是指一些习惯用法,固定搭配等。二．独立主格结构的“五步骤”
1.认识独立主格结构，建立独立主格结构概念。
最初的独立主格结构就是带逻辑主语的分词结构，它的作用相当于状语。2.认清独立主格结构的来源，理解独立主格结构的功能。
我们清楚地看出独立主格结构作状语和分词作状语一样来源于状语从句。3.从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别。
分词作状语和独立主格结构作状语的区别就在于逻辑主语的不同，分词的逻辑主语为主句的主语，独立主格结构的逻辑主语就是分词前边的名词或代词。4.全面掌握独立主格结构的功能。
要将复合句或并列句改成简单句时，应注意：要根据分词和独立主格结构作状语时逻辑主语的不同情况改写句子，当复合句或并列句的主语一致时，适合改成分词作状语；当复合句或并列句的主语不一致时，适合改成独立主格结构作状语。5.熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型，全面掌握独立主格结构。
有时将并列句或复合句改成简单句时，应注意：原句中含有 be 动词时，一律改成 being 形式，being 后面为非名词时 being 可忽略。
独立主格结构除了分词式独立主格结构之外，还有介词、形容词、副词、不定式式独立主格结构，即带逻辑主语的介词、形容词、副词、不定式结构，可用作伴随状语、条件状语、原因状语或时间状语。
【专题综合】1.____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A.To throw B.Thrown C.Throwing D.Being throwing 2.____ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.www.xiexiebang.com 版权所有@高考资源网
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much as we can.A.speak B.speaking C.spoken D.to speak 15.Lucy's new job paid twice as much as she had made _____in the restaurant.A.working B.work C.to work D.worked 16.The soldier fell asleep ________.A.with the candle burning B.burning the candle C.when he was burning the candle D.when burning the candle 17.________, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.A.Being on B.When being on C.With all the lights on D.When it turns on all the lights 18.____ the notice, he had an idea.A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above 19.______ the notice, an idea came to his mind.A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above 参考答案：1-5 CBBAC 6-10 DDDCC 11-15BBDCA 16-19 ACDA
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第三篇：山东省2013年高考英语二轮复习专题整合突破八 非谓语动词
2013年高考第二轮复习英语山东版
八、非谓语动词
真题试做
1．(2012山东高考，26)George returned after the war, only ______ that his wife had left him.A．to be told
B．telling C．being told
D．told 2．(2011山东高考，27)Look over there—there's a very long，winding path ______ up to the house.A．leading
B．leads C．led
D．to lead 3．(2010山东高考，23)I have a lot of readings ______ before the end of this term.A．completing
B．to complete C．completed
D．being completed 4．(2010山东高考，29)The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.A．laid
B．laying C．to lay
D．being laid 考向分析
1．考查对谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别，要求明确句子的结构和意义，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。
2．考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别，要求掌握一些常见动词后面所接宾语的形式。3．考查非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语时的区别，尤其是不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语所表示的不同时间、逻辑关系和意义。现在分词和不定式作结果状语时的区别应引起足够重视。
4．考查非谓语动词的否定式、完成式、被动式及复合结构，要求掌握其构成形式、所表示的时间以及逻辑关系。
热点例析
考点一：谓语与非谓语形式的识别
试题以复杂的结构和冗长的句式呈现，考查考生是否能瞻前顾后地分清句子成分、理解句子结构、明白句子意义，正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。
【典例分析】(2012浙江高考，8)I think Tom，as the head of a big department，should either study regularly or ______ his job.A．quits
B．to quit C．quitting
D．quit 答案为D项。该句使用了either...or...并列结构，either后面是动词原形study，or后面也应该是动词原形quit，故选择D项构成并列谓语。
(2012全国高考Ⅱ，10)Tony lent me the money，______ that I'd do as much for him.A．hoping
B．to hope C．hoped
D．having hoped 答案为A项。由于空前没有连词，应排除谓语形式的C项，如果用hoped则应在空前加and；根据空前的逗号可排除B项，因为动词不定式作目的状语时其前不加逗号；“希望„„”并不是发生在“托尼借给我钱”之前，故排除表示完成的having hoped；由于Tony与hope之间存在主动关系，故选择现在分词hoping作状语。
考点二：非谓语形式作主语
非谓语形式作主语时，形式主语it常用来代替不定式短语作主语。如：
C．to correct
D．correcting 答案为D项。在介词by后面，and 前后连接两个并列宾语，根据making可知此处选correcting。句意：一个人在犯错和纠错中学会一种语言。
考点四：非谓语形式作定语
1．时间关系不同：不定式作定语通常表示一个未发生的动作；现在分词作定语通常表示一个正在进行的动作、经常性的动作或状态；过去分词作定语多表已完成的动作，或没有一定的时间性(只表示被动)。如：
I have a lot of work to do.The tall girl standing there is a basketball player.This is a play written by Shakespeare.2．逻辑关系不同：不定式所修饰的词可能是它的逻辑主语，也可能是它的逻辑宾语；现在分词作定语时，它所修饰的词一定是它的逻辑主语；过去分词作定语所修饰的词一般是它的逻辑宾语。如：
He is the first to get here.He is the man to depend on.He is the very person looking for you.A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.3．不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，不要遗漏必要的介词。如：
He found a good house to live in.【典例分析】(2012浙江高考，11)“It's such a nice place，” Mother said as she sat at the table______ for customers.A．to be reserved
B．having reserved C．reserving
D．reserved 答案为D项。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语形式修饰table，“桌子”是“被预订或保留”的，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。
考点五：非谓语形式作状语 1．不定式作状语：
(1)表示目的，直接用不定式或so as to/in order to。如： He worked day and night to get the money.(2)表示结果，更常见于so...as to，such...as to，enough to，too...to结构中，only接不定式也常表示出乎意料的结果。如：
I visited him only to find him out.(3)表示原因，用在作表语的某些表示情感的形容词或过去分词后面，说明产生某种情绪的原因或是在哪方面存在谓语所表示的情况等。如：
They were very sad to hear the news.2．现在分词作状语：
现在分词作状语表示的必须是主语的一个动作，即分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。现在分词可以作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、方式状语和伴随状语。作原因状语时，通常放在句首；作结果状语时，通常放在句子后面，表示自然而然的结果。如：
Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.He fired his gun，killing the wolf.All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem.3．过去分词作状语：
过去分词的动作与句子的主语是逻辑上的动宾关系。
过去分词可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语和伴随状语。如： Seen from the hill，the city looks more beautiful.Given better attention，the cabbages could have grown better.【典例分析】(2012辽宁高考，29)This machine is very easy ______.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.A．operating
B．to be operating
A．to follow
B．following C．followed
D．follows 答案为B项。句意：这对老年夫妇经常晚饭后去公园散步，后面跟着他们的宠物狗。此处是with的复合结构，可排除D项；由于宾语dog与follow之间为逻辑上的主动关系，可排除C项；不定式一般表示将来，可排除A项；答案为B项，现在分词形式作补语。
考点七：非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式 1．非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。He pretended not to see me.I regret not following his advice.Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam.2．不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。
当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式动作正在进行，不定式要用进行式。The boy pretended to be working hard.当不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生时，不定式要用完成式。I happened to have seen the film.当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。The patient asked to be operated on at once.3．动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。We remembered having seen the film.He came to the party without being invited.He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.His not knowing English troubled him a lot.4．现在分词的完成式和被动式。
当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作之前发生时，现在分词要用完成式。Having done his homework，he played basketball.当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。The problem being discussed is very important.Having been told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake.【典例分析】(2012湖南高考，21)We've had a good start，but next，more work needs ______ to achieve the final success.A．being done
B．do C．to be done
D．to do 答案为C项。句意：我们已经有了一个很好的开端，但要想获得最终的成功，接下来更多的工作还需要完成。主语more work与后面的do存在被动关系，所以needs后面要用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语。
(2012福建高考，28)China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______ in the South China Sea.A．attacking
B．having attacked C．being attacked
D．having been attacked 答案为C项。由于Chinese fishing boats与attack之间存在被动关系，所以排除表示主动的A项和B项；由句意“最近中国加紧对黄岩岛附近水域的控制来阻止中国渔船在中国南海受到攻击”可知attack的动作并没有发生，因此排除表示完成的D项；故答案为C项。
(2012重庆高考，28)We're having a meeting in half an hour.The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.A．to be made
B．being made C．made
D．having been made 答案为A项。根据第一句in half an hour可知，会议还没有开始，因此决定还没有做出，只是将要做出，故排除B、C、D三项；不定式作定语表示将来，符合题意。句意：半小时后我们将举行一次会议，在会议上将要做出的决定会影响我们公司的将来。
误区警示
1．非谓语动词作宾语的易错点
是主动关系，故选A项。如果不注意逗号前后的逻辑和时间关系，易误选B项；如果不注意句与句之间的关联关系，有可能误选D项。
(2011天津高考，12)______ into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A．Translating
B．Translated C．To translate
D．Having translated 【错混透析】 B 句子主语the sentence与translate为被动关系，所以应选过去分词形式作状语。
(2011四川高考，11)Simon made a big bamboo box ______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A．keep
B．kept C．keeping
D．to keep 【错混透析】 D 根据句意和逻辑关系判断，该题应选不定式形式作目的状语。【解题指导】 非谓语形式作状语时，应注意以下三点。(1)不定式通常作目的状语。
(2)现在分词作状语时，与句子主语是主动关系。(3)过去分词作状语时，与句子主语是被动关系。4．非谓语动词作补语的易错点
(2012四川高考，12)Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car______.A．washed
B．wash C．washing
D．to wash 【错混透析】A car和wash为被动关系，故选washed作补语表示被动。句意：在你开车驶入这所城市前，你应该先洗车。“get ＋ 宾语 ＋ to do sth.”意为“使宾语做某事”，宾语与后面的补语为主动关系，所以逻辑关系判断失误会造成误选D项。
(2011浙江高考，14)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.A．lose
B．lost C．to lose
D．having lost 【错混透析】 B 该题易误选A项，考生可能会将find sb.do与find oneself done混淆。根据句意“即使最好的作家有时也会觉得自己无法用语言表达”可知，四个选项围绕lose变化。lost for words为过去分词短语作宾补，意为“(惊讶，困惑等得)不知说什么好”。
【解题指导】 非谓语形式可以在动词后面作补语，也可以在with的复合结构中作补语。(1)在“一感(feel)二听(hear，listen)三让(let，make，have)四看(see，watch，notice，observe)”等动词后面，可以跟不带to的不定式或者分词作宾补。不定式表示动作的全过程，说明某事已发生；现在分词表示动作正在进行，还未结束，现在分词和宾语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系；过去分词表示被动和完成，没有一定的时间性，过去分词和宾语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
(2)with复合结构的构成是“with＋宾语＋宾补”，宾补可以由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等来充当。若用过去分词作宾补表示被动和完成；用现在分词作宾补表示主动和进行；用动词不定式作宾补表示将来。
5．非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式易错点(2011浙江高考，19)If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.A．being cheered
B．be cheered C．to be cheered
D．were cheered 【错混透析】 C 从句子结构来看，前面已经有are going to tour，中间又没有连词，不可能出现两个独立谓语，所以应选非谓语形式，可排除B、D两项；A、C两项都表示被动，区别在于being done强调正在进行，而动词不定式to be done表示将来。根据句子的时态判断应选C项。
(2012重庆高考，23)______ to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful
A．having resulted
B．resulted C．being resulted
D．resulting 10．(2012山东菏泽实验高中月考，26)______ this problem，they don't know how to deal with it.A．Face
B．Faced C．Facing
D．To be faced 11．(2012山东实验中学二模，24)______all the doors were locked，Mr.Goodman left for New York on holiday.A．Checking
B．Checked C．To check
D．Having checked 12．(2012山东淄博六中五模，29)The TV play ______ the story of Brother Sharp(犀利哥)will be made soon.A．being based on
B．based on C．be based on
D．basing on 13．(2012山东枣庄期末，23)Though ______ to see us，he gave us a warm welcome.A．surprise
B．to be surprised C．surprising
D．surprised 14．(2012山东莱芜期末，30)—Do you think you could get this parcel ______ for me，please? —Consider it done!A．to mail
B．mailed C．mailing
D．mail 15．(2012山东聊城五校期末，26)My uncle sang a few old songs，my aunt ______ the piano to accompany him.A．played
B．to play C．playing
D．play
参考答案
八、非谓语动词
命题调研·明晰考向 真题试做
1．A 考查非谓语动词。句意：乔治战后回来，却被告知妻子已离他而去了。此处应用不定式作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果，而且主语George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。
2．A 考查非谓语动词。句意：看那边有一条蜿蜒曲折的小路通向那所房子。前面已有谓语动词，故此处要选用非谓语动词形式，因此排除B项，且path与lead之间为主动关系，故排除C项，此处是非谓语动词作定语，leading相当于定语从句which leads，故此处用现在分词形式。
3．B 考查非谓语动词。动词不定式作定语时，若不定式和它修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且又和该句主语或宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，常用不定式的主动形式。该题中complete和readings之间是被动关系，但是complete同时又和句子的主语I存在主动关系，所以用动词不定式的主动形式作定语。句意为“在这一学期结束之前，我有很多材料要阅读完”。
4．A 考查with复合结构。句意为“起居室既干净又整洁，里面有一张早已放好的预备要开饭的餐桌。”with复合结构的构成是：with＋宾语＋宾补，宾补可以由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等来充当，其中宾语和补足语之间是主语和谓语的关系。若用过去分词作补足语表示被动和完成；用现在分词作补足语表示主动和进行；用动词不定式作补足语表示将来。由语境可知，要用过去分词作补足语，表示桌子早已被放好了。
创新模拟·预测演练
1．A accommodate oneself to意为“使自己适应„„”，根据句意判断逗号前面是后面的目的，所以选用不定式作目的状语。
2．A 根据句意判断应选不定式形式，表示出人意料的结果。
3．D 根据句意看出鲍勃已经辞职，现在正在一家私立学校教书，所以第一个空应用不定式的完成式，第二个空应用不定式的进行式。
4．D 句意：据报道，安阳发现了曹操墓，引起了全国(民众)的关注。be reported后面必须接不定式形式，而且从句意看出“已经发现”，所以用不定式的完成式表示动作已经发生。
5．A 该题的答语为省略句，完整的回答为“(I think)Failing the English exam(made Maria upset)．”，所以应选动名词形式作主语。
6．C 动词found“创立，建立”和其逻辑主语University of Cambridge“剑桥大学”之间为动宾关系，所以应该用动词的过去分词形式作定语，答案为C项。
7．B 该句中John could imagine作the only way的定语，考查结构the way to do sth.，故选B项。
8．C 该句用到了with的复合结构，由于宾语quite a few children与surround是主谓关系，所以应选现在分词形式作宾语补足语。
9．D result in意为“导致”，主语A fire与其为主动关系，所以应选现在分词形式作结果状语，表示失火后自然而然地造成的结果。
10．C face意为“面对着”，与句子主语they是主动关系，所以应选现在分词形式作状语。
11．D 不定式通常表示将来，可排除C项；句子主语与check为主谓关系，且从句意看出“已经检查”，所以应选现在分词的完成式作状语。
12．B 根据后面的谓语will be made可知此处应选非谓语形式；base...on...意为“把„„作为„„的基础；把„„建立在„„基础之上”，The TV play与base之间为被动关系，所以应选过去分词形式作定语。
13．D surprise为及物动词，意为“使„„吃惊”，与句子主语he之间是动宾关系，所以应选过去分词形式，此处是Though he was surprised to see us的省略。
14．B get为使役动词，意为“使得”，“get＋宾语 ＋to do”结构意为“使„„做某事”，“get＋宾语 ＋done”结构意为“使„„被做”。根据句意判断应选B项。
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第四篇：《2012年英语高考非谓语动词(二)》学案
《非谓语动词
（二）》学案
一、学习目标
1、非谓语动词的重点考点；
2、非谓语动词的易错考点。
二、学习重难点
1、学习重点：非谓语动词的重点考点；
2、学习难点：非谓语动词的易错考点。
三、学习过程
（一）课前预习
1、课前预习：非谓语动词。
2、参考资料：教材或辅导用书中相关部分。
（二）课堂探究
1、非谓语动词的重点考点都有哪些？
2、非谓语动词都有哪些易错考点？
（三）拓展练习
1、【2011全国卷,27】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen
2、【2011全国卷II,15】The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A.joining B.to join C.joined D.having joined
3、【2011全国卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_ nothing about the argument.A.says B.said C.to say D.saying
4、【2011北京卷,25】It’s important for the figures regularly.A.to be updated B.to have been updated C.to update D.to have updated
5、【2011北京卷,33】Sit down, Emma.You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.A.to keep B.keeping C.having kept D.to have kept
6、【2011天津卷,7】Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried
7、【2011天津卷,12】 into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A.Translating B.Translated C.To translate D.Having translated
8、【2011上海春招,34】Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, newly cleaned and polished.A.looked B.to look C.looking D.to be looking
9、【2011上海春招,36】 in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun park.A.Opened B.Having opened C.Opening D.Being opened
10、【2011上海春招,40】Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before.A.to work B.to be working C.to have worked D.to have been working
（四）课后作业
1、复习一遍课堂摘记。
2、完成课堂尚未完成的练习。
3、复习非谓语动词的重点考点和易错考点。
第五篇：英语非谓语动词
主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object 表语predicative 定语attributive 状语adverbial adjunct 补足语complement 同位语appositive
英语非谓语动词讲解及练习非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：
doing , done , to do , doing。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：
现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式）;having done（完成式）;having been do ne（完成被动式）
不定式
to do : 有to be done（被动式）;to have done（完成式）;to be doing（进行式）
动名词
doing : 有having done（完成式）;being done（被动式）;
非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。
下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解： 一．
动词不定式
先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。1．To learn a foreign language is difficult.2． His wish is to be a driver.3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises.5．I have nothing to say.6．They went to see their aunt.7．It’s easy to see their aunt.8．I don’t know what to do next.9．I heard them make a noise.说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：
1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。
agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ，equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to
2． 带to 还是不带to
I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom.（但是： He was seen to enter the classroom.）
3． 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of.It’s necessary for you to study hard.It’s foolish of him to do it.与of 连用的形容词有：
good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible 4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：
want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important.而说We think it important to obey the laws.5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to。
want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to 6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系： 1）动宾关系：
He has a lot of meeting to attend.Please lend me something to write with.He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in.He has no money and no place to live(in).I think the best way to travel(by)is on foot.There is no time to think(about).2）主谓关系：
She is always the last(person)to speak at the meeting.----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post.(逻辑主语是I)-------Thank you.But I have no letters to be posted now
(逻辑主语不是I)7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义： 1）原因
He is lucky to get here on time.这种结构中常用的形容词有：
happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious.lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy
2)目的
He came to help me with my maths.3)结果
I hurried to get there only to find him out.The book is too hard for the boy to read.He is old enough to go to school.8.不定式作补足语
I saw him play in the street just now.能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：
see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：
He was seen to play in the street just now.二．动名词
Learning English is very difficult.学英语非常困难。
His job is driving a bus.他的工作是开车。I enjoy dancing.我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country.我已经习惯了住农村。
Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep.吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。注意以下几种结构：
1．There’s no telling what will happen.=It’s impossible to tell what will happen.= No one can tell what will happen.2．It’s no use talking with him.It’s no good speaking to them like that.3．There’s some difficulty(in)doing … 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下几个问题：
1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，forget to do … 忘记要做某事 forget doing… 忘记做了某事 remember to do…记住要做某事 remember doing …记着做了某事 mean to do …
有意要做某事 mean doing …
意味着做了某事 regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔 regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔 can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事 try to do …
尽力去做某事 try doing
试着做某事 learn to do …
学着去做某事 learn doing …
学会做某事
stop to do …
停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing …
停止做某事 go on to do …
接着做（另外一件事）go on doing … 继续做某事 used to do …
过去做某事 be used to doing …习惯做某事
2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别 动名词作定语表达
n+ for doing 的含义
现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who)be doing的含义 如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是动名词，后者是现在分词
又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy 3． 动名词的逻辑主语：
动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。例如：His coming made us very happy.4．动名词的语态和时态
5． 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：
need doing , want doing , require doing
例如： This room needs painting.这个房间需要粉刷。6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：
admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit.practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ，三． 分词 The story is interesting.I’m interested in it.这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。2.This is a moving film.这是一部动人的电影。
3.The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president.秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。4.Given more time , I’ll do it well.如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。
When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。应注意的几个问题：
1．现在分词与过去分词的区别
Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?
= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed country.2．分词作表语 The news sounds encouraging.They got very excited.1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别： The news is interesting.He is interested in he news t.doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。2）表语与被动式的区别：
The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming.（强调动作）
The blackboard is broken.You’d better have it repaired.（强调状态）3）常作表语的过去分词：
amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done
3．现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别
The situation in our country is encouraging.(表语)The situation in our country is encouraging the people.(现在进行时)My job is looking after the little baby.(动名词)能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging.What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby.4．注意的四种结构：
have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做
have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 让某事一直做着 5． 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词： seat , prepare , hide , dress
如：I seated myself on the chair.I was seated on the chair.6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：
分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。Having finished the homework , I went home.（时间）Being a Party member , I should work hard.（原因）Given more time ,I can do my work better.（条件）He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy.（伴随）
To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder.(目的)He is old enough to join the army.（结果）7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别
a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking
something to do 不定式 = something that I should do 8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别： I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting.(将来)The building being built on the river is the Science Museum.（正在进行）The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions.（过去）9．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：
分词与句子主语的逻辑关系
Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful.(错误)Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful.（正确）
Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系 练习
I.单项选择
1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting
2.______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.A.Having being told B.Though had been told C.He was told D.Having told
3.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.testing C.to rest D.rest 4.The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying
5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult.A.to make B.not to make C.not making D.to not make 6.The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 7.---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.----Well , now I regret ____________that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 9._______ a reply , he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard
Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying II.用动词的正确形式填空
1.Little Tom should love ________(take)to the theatre this evening.2.Paul doesn’t have to be made _______(learn).He always works hard.3.The computer centre , ______(open)last year , is very popular among the students in this school.4.Go on _____(do)the other exercise after you have finished this one.5.How about two of us ______(take)a walk down the garden.答案： I 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D II 1.to be taken;2.to learn;3.opened;4.to do;5.taking
非谓语动词练习: 1.I really appreciate ________ to relax with you on this nice island.A.to have had time
B.having time
C.to have time
D.to having time 2.Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.A.admit
B.admitted
C.admitting
D.to admit 3.In order to gain a bigger share in the International market, many state-run companies are striving _________ their products more competitive.A.to make
B.making
C.to have made
D.having made 4.When_______, the museum will be open to the public next year.A.completed
B.completing
C.being completed
D.to be completed 5.Having a trip abroad a certain good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see
B.to be seen
C.seeing
D.seen 6.The manager, ________ his factory products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.A.knowing
B.known
C.to know
D.being known 7.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.A.seeing
B.having seen
C.to have seen
D.to see 8.The discovery of new evidence led to ______.A.the thief having caught
B.catch the thief
C.the thief being caught
D.the thief to be caught 9.He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket a passenger.A.put
B.to be putting
C.to put
D.putting 10.Victor apologized for _______ to inform me the change in the plan.A.his being not able
B.him not to be able
C.his not being able
D.him to be not able 11.Suddenly, a tall man _________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared
B.seized;disappeared
C.seizing;disappearing
D.seized;disappearing 12._______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait
B.Have waited
C.Having waited
D.To have waited 13.Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.A.run
B.running
C.being run
D.to run 14.The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A.causing
B.being caused
C.to be caused
D.to have caused 15.The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to the beauty nature.A.to smell
B.smelling
C.smelt
D.to be smelt 16.If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ________ it---you have got some big bills coming.A.forget
B.forgot
C.forgetting
D.to forget 17.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film star had already left.A.to tell
B.to be told
C.telling
D.told 18.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.A.pass
B.to pass
C.passed
D.passing 19.You were silly not ________ your car.A.to lock
B.to have locked
C.locking
D.having locked 20.________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.A.Compare
B.When comparing
C.Comparing
D.When compared 21.________ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to his boss for advice.A.To face
B.Having faced
C.Faced
D.Facing 22.The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.A.caused
B.to have caused
C.to cause
D.having caused 23.Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.A.doctors came to their rescue
B.the tall building collapsed
C.an emergency measure was taken
D.warnings were given to the tourists 24.-----English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
-----Yes, ________ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to communicate and read.A.Know
B.Knowing
C.To know
D.Known 25.While watching TV, ________.A.the doorbell rang
B.the doorbell rings
C.we heard the doorbell ring
D.we heard the doorbell rings 26.It is necessary to be prepared for a job interview.________ the answer ready will be of great help.A.To have had
B.Having had
C.Have
D.Having 27.I couldn’t do my home work with all that noise _________.A.going on
B.goes on
C.went on
D.to go on 28.I don’t want ________ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A.to sound
B.to be sounded
C.sounding
D.to have sounded 29.At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ________ down to eat our picnic lunch.A.sitting
B.having sat
C.to sit
D.sat 30.I really can’t understand _________ her like that.A.you treat
B.you to treat
C.why treat
D.your treating 31.The bank is reported in the local newspaper__________ in broad daylight yesterday.A.being robbed
B.having been robbed
C.to have been robbed
D.robbed 32.________ all over the hills and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.A.To grow
B.Growing
C.Grown
D.Grow 33.If the building project ________ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A.being completed
B.is completed
C.to be completed
D.completed 34.Mrs.Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had ________ went wrong again.A.it repaired
B.to be repaired
C.repair
D.repaired 35.No one had told Smith about __________ a lecture the following day.A.there being
B.there be
C.there would be
D.there was 36.I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is , than ______ a room with someone else.A.share
B.to share
C.sharing
D.to have shared 37.Taking this kind of medicine, if ________, will surely produce side effect.A.continue
B having continued
C.continuing
D.continued 38._______ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A.The girl was educated
B.The girl educated
C.The girl’s educating
D.The girl’s being educated 39._________ hardly made Allan pay any attention to _________ his mistakes.A.Scolding;correcting
B.Being scolded;correct
C.Being scolded;correcting
D.Having been scolded;correct 40.Joe stopped eating chocolate, and he went back ___________ again.A.to smoking
B.to smoke
C.smoking
D.smoke 41.A Brazilian mask maker has finished two models of mask of Iraqi ex-president Saddam Hussein, one of him in power and one of him when _________ by US soldiers.A.caught
B.catching
C.to be caught
D.to catch 42.-----What happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night?
-----I lost my way in complete darkness and, __________ things worse, it began to pour.A.making
B.to make
C.having made
D.made 43.------Did you forget to mention my name or fear something when you applied for an instructor?
------I meant ________, but they ________ favorites of the people in the power.A.to have mentioned;were
B.to have;are
C.mentioning;have been
D.to have been mentioned;had been 44.With no rain for three months and food supplies __________ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.A.run
B.running
C.to run
D.to be run 45.________ his age, he did it quite well, so don’t _______ him any more.A.Given;blame
B.Considered;say
C.To regard;scold
D.Considering;speak 46.The two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets______ orbiting other stars.A.have been found
B.have found
C.to be found
D.found 47.The bird flu _______ through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far, _______ 16.A.sweeps;killed
B.swept;killing
C.sweeping;to kill
D.sweeping;killing 48.The speech which he made ________ the football match bored a lot of fans to death.A.being concerned
B.be concerned
C.concerned
D.concerning 49.Having no money but _______ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A.no to want anyone
B.wanted no one
C.not wanting anyone
D.to want no one 50.A remote-controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, ______ at least 20 people.A.having been injured
B.having injured
C.injuring
D.injured 51.-----What’s matter with Tim?
------Oh.Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ______ again.A.to find
B.to be found
C.finding
D.being found 52.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office but our work _______, we refused the offer.A.not finishing
B.had not been finished
C.not having finished
D.not being finished 53.Though ___________ nature resources, the area is well developed.A.lacked
B.lacking of
C.lacking
D.lacked in 54.What worried me most was ________to go abroad alone.A.my not allowing
B.having not allowed
C.my being not allowed
D.my not being allowed 55.My job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine, or _______ the filled bottles in boxes.A.to put
B.putting
C.having put
D.being put
Answer: 1-5 BAAAB
6-10 ADCDC
11-15 DCBCB
16-20 ABDBD
21-25CDBAC
26-30 DAADD
31-35CBCDA
36-40 ADDAA
41-45ABBBA
46-50DDDCC 51-55 BDCDA
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