第一篇：大学基础英语写作的主要步骤
大学基础英语写作的主要步骤
大学基础英语写作在真正写起来的时候还是有很多常见难点的，这也难怪很多的学生朋友一直拿不到较高的成绩，关于这类问题，我们就可以到下面的文章中去更多的了解一番。大学基础英语写作的主要步骤都是什么呢？那么下面的文章中也有了一些具体的表述，比如最开始的审题方式，接下来的构思以及最后要删除与主题不相干的内容，这些方面的认知和努力都是十分有必要的，也可以帮助我们拿到高分。
1.第一个就是审题。一般作文都是命题作文，而且多有中文提示或提纲，所以你首先应了解命题的基本要求，理解题目的真正意图。
2.构思好之后，根据大学基础英语写作构思的提纲，运用选好的材料，恰当地运用连词，合理安排段落，使文章条理清楚、内容连贯。段落的组织主要是通过扩展句对主题句的支持或说明来进行的。
3.要删除与主题不相干的内容，检查句子时态、语态等。特别应注意单词的正确拼写；字母大小写和标点符号；数的一致性（包括主语与谓语以及名词与其限定语的单复数一致性）；指代关系（包括指代的一致性和代词的选用）；动词形式（时态、语态、语气）等方面。
到底大学基础英语写作的主要步骤都是什么呢？那么在以上的内容中就介绍的十分具体了，相信大家在有了这些保障后，未来的英语水平也会有所改观。同时，对于一些比较常见的段落也会更为合理灵活的运用，相信大家可以做好这些。更多学习资料请见美联英语学习网。
第二篇：大学英语基础写作
大学英语基础写作
大学英语几种常用文体
1.书信作文：
事务信函（business letter）和私人信函（personal letter）
2.应用文：
便条（病假条，事假条，邀友来访，借物，订票，留言），请柬，单据，启示，海报，通知（凌茜p110）
3.图表作文：
常考查的图：餠型图，曲线图，条形图，数据图
图表作文常用的展开模式
图表作文常用的表达方式
图表作文常用的句型
范文分析
(是文涛p91)
4.留学申请写作
个人陈述Personal Statements
推荐信 Letters of Recommendation
简历resumes
与外国大学的联系信及自述信和签证申诉信
5.CET4，CET6写作
写作要求，命题规律及评分标准
主题句
段落展开：列举法，对照法，因果推理法，分类法，举例法，综合法
语篇：结构模式和衔接方法
CET4,CET6作文分类讲解及范文分析：
论说文的结构
论说文的类型
(是文涛p91)
6.学术交流英语
SCI 写作规范
Research report and essay
教学安排
十一周：概况
十二周：书信作文，应用文
十三——十七周：CET4作文，图表作文及练习
十八周：留学申请写作
十九周：学术英语，考试
CET4，CET6写作
一． 语段
1.语段的结构：
Developing Sentence 1(扩展句)
Topic sentence(主题句)----Developing Sentence 2(扩展句)----Terminator(结论句)Developing Sentence 3(扩展句)
2.写好主题句
一个好的主题句必须满足以下基本特征：
高度的概括性
主题思想表达明确
能使读者预测其段落的发展方式
一般应该是一个观点，想法或意见等
分析下列的例子：
1）It is very necessary to be a good university students.(议论主题句)
2）There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student.(说明体的主题句)
3）What I will do in the future is the following.(描述体的主题句)
根据要求写出主题句
1）Please write about Study Habits
2）Please write about College Life
3）Please write about Your hobby
扩展下列主题句
例如这样的一篇作文：Good Health
a.Importance of good health
b.Ways to keep fit
c.My own practice(是P59)
3.段落展开
主题句是陈述段落的中心思想。因此，段落的展开（paragraph development）也就是主题句的展开。展开的方式有多种，如：列举法，对照法，因果推理法，分类法，举例法，综合法等。
列举法常用词语：first/second/third/last;firstly/secondly/finally;to begin with/to start with/inthefirstplace/then/next/in addition to/besides/also/moreover/furthermore/what’s more
以下有3篇短文的题目，请用顺序排列法的发展方式完成，每篇要求80字左右： a.Many people now prefer to live in the countryside.The main reasons are… b.Watching TV at home is better than going out to a movie
c.Chatting on line has brought many problems into people’s life
Making a good impression at an American dinner party is not difficult if you
Follow these instructions.First, you should buy a small gift, such as flowers, candy, or wine for your host or hostess.Second, arrive on time.If the dinner engagement is for 7:00, don’t arrive after 7:00 without telephone.Next, during dinner, be sure to thank your host orhostess on the meal.After you finishing eating, you should not stay more than a few hours.Finally, thank your host or hostess for the dinner when you leave.比较对照法常用连接词（transitions for Comparison and Contrast）
Similar to;like;different from;compared with;unlike;more… than…
以下有2篇短文的题目，请用比较对照法的发展方式完成，每篇要求80字左右： a.Advantages and disavantages of living on your own and living with your family b.Life in the city is quite different from life in the suburbs
因果推理法
表结果的连接词：as a result;thus;hence;accordingly;therefore;consequently;then;so;
表原因的连接词：because;for;as;since;owing to
以下有2篇短文的题目，请用因果推理法的发展方式完成，每篇要求80字左右： a.Migrant workers enter big cities
b.Land shortage in China
分类法
常用的分类表达形式有：divide A into… classify A into… group A into… There are…kinds(groups, categories, sorts, types, classes, sections)
请用分类法的发展方式完成下列题目，每篇要求80字左右：
Write about the different kinds of universities and colleges in China.Suggested words:
Leading university, provincial key university, local college, comprehensive, science and engineering, foreign language, humanities, public, private.举例法
常用的引出例证的词有：for example, for instance, for another example, one example is … another example is… to illustrate.以下有2篇短文的题目，请用举例法的发展方式完成，每篇要求80字左右： a.Give one or two examples to show the conveniences the modern communication
means have brought to us.b.Give some examples to prove the saying “Haste makes waste” in English language learning.综合法
综合使用两种或两种以上写扩展句的方法，称为综合法。
以下这段使用了定义，例证，对比和比较等方法。
Synonyms, words that have the same basic meaning, do not always have the same emotional meaning, For example, the words “stingy” and “frugal” both mean “careful with money.” However, to call a person stingy is an insult, while the word
frugal has a much more positive connotation.Similarly, a person wants to be slender but not skinny, and aggressive but not pussy.Therefore, you should careful in choosing words because many so-called synonyms are not really synonymous at all.运用综合法将下列主题句发展成80字以上短文：
a.Computer are playing an important role in modern education.b.People in different cultures can communicate with each other.c.I don’t think that examination can determine everything.4.扩展段的承启方式(ling P8)
扩展段是主题句的延伸，是作文的主体部分，必须紧扣作文主题。一段由一个以上的段落组成，即使只有一个段落，也应该比开头和结尾部分长，否则将失去平衡。主体段落分别论述文章中心主题的某个方面，每个段落的主题必须欲文章的主题相呼应，每个段落都必须保持文章的整体性和连贯性。
（1.）以“举例式”展开段落
Laying-off also bring us some advantages.For example, when a company lays off a number of people, it means that the company will get more profits than ever.As another instance, if a laid-off worker wants to get a newjob, he ought to learn some kind of skill for future use.This action will pave the way for success in another.（2.）以“因果式”展开段落
There are two major reason for the change in people’s diet.For one thing, with the improvement in the living standard, people can afford to buy much more expensive food with better nutrition.For another, people now pay more attention to the quality of diet, because they know it is of great benefit to their health to diet in a scientific way.Therefore, they try their best to improve the structure their food.（3.）以“递进式”展开段落
I don’t teach because teaching is not easy for me.Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways.Nor do I teach bebecause I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.In the first place, I teach because I like the pace of the acdemic calendar, which offers an opportunity for reflection, research and writing.Besides, I teach because teaching is a profession built on change.Moreover, I teach because I can ask questions that students struggle to answer.What’s more, I teach because I can find ways of getting myself and students out of the ivory tower into the real society.（4.）以“列举式”展开段落
Traveling benefits us in many ways.First, it is instructive.People can learn a lot about the culture and history of the place they visit.Second, it offers fun.Career people are tired of pressures brought by the quickening pace of modern life.By seeing the beautiful landscape of our motherland and our countries, we get relaxed.Third, traveling offers challenge and opportunities of cultivating good character, such as independence, courage and strong-mindeness.So more and morepeople are going out to visit the world.（5.）以“比较式”展开段落
（6.）以“对照式”展开段落
（7.）以“时间标志词式”展开段落
The Effects of Exercise on Our Health（分析建议类）
1分析体育锻炼给我们带来的益处。
2.分析体育锻炼给我们带来的坏处。
3.给出如何参加体育锻炼的建议。
1)As is known to all, exercise does bring a lot of benefits to our health.2)First, it can greatly strengthen our hearts, lungs, bones and muscles,thereby changing our whole health for the better.3)Besides, it can make
our brains better able to react to what is going on around us.4)And best
of all, it can help us breed optimism about our tough life
5)But all the above does not mean that we can turn a blind eye to the
negative effects exercise brings about.6)If you are normally inactive and then, contrary to your usual habit, start a program of undue exercise, as a succession of scientific
studies reveals, there are more chances that you have yourself injured.7)In addition, the more exercise those on a fat-reducing diet take, the more
loss of iron they will suffer and the worse their health will get.8)And
worst of all, continual as well as excessive exercise can result in sudden death.9)Therefore, a scientific approach must be adopted to the problem of exercise.10)On the one hand, our physical exercise must be based on both progressiveness and regularity.11)On the other, we must go in for physical exercise according to local as well as health conditions of our own.12)In sum, exercise can do us good or harm, all depending on how we make use of it.With the rapid improvement of people’s living standard, in cities, many people tend to raise pets.Some people claim that pets such as dogs are dirty and dangerous.They say that raising pets should be banned in urban areas.However, personally I think the merits of raising pets outweigh its demerits.Firstly, pets like dogs can be a guard for us.As we know, dogs have the natural ability to keep the house of its owners safe.They can send out warning to those burglars who attempt to break into the house, and sometimes even fight against them.Dogs are people’s honest friends.Secondly, pets like dogs are good fellows of people.Accompanied by a dog, old people do not feel lonely.Also children are pleased while playing with pets.They can learn how to look after others by raising pets.To sum up, Pets give us much happiness.I would say that the benefits of raising pets carry more weight than the harms of it.I also wish to suggest that the owners should take much care of their pets.With the rapid improvement of people’s living standard, in cities, many people tend to raise pets.Some people claim that pets such as dogs are dirty and dangerous.They say that raising pets should be banned in urban areas.However, personally I think the merits of raising pets outweigh its demerits.Firstly, pets like dogs can be a guard for us.As we know, dogs have the natural ability to keep the house of its owners safe.They can send out warning to those burglars who attempt to break into the house, and sometimes even fight against them.Dogs are people’s honest friends.Secondly, pets like dogs are good fellows of people.Accompanied by a dog, old people do not feel lonely.Moreover,some young women usually keep their favorite pets to show off their wealth.Also children are pleased while playing with pets.They can learn how to look after others by raising pets.On the other hand, the critics decry that pets like dogs are dangerous to people, especially to children.They point out that many people have the experience of being bitten by dogs.But I believe that it is not the responsibility of dogs.Indeed, it is the duty of their owners who deliberately train their dogs to attack people.As for the dirtiness of the dogs, the owners should also take the responsibily, because they are too lazy to give baths to the dogs.To sum up, Pets give us much happiness.I would say that the benefits of raising pets carry more weight than the harms of it.I also wish to suggest that the owners should take much care of their pets.
第三篇：大学基础写作
基 础 写 作
单选10*1分 填空10*1分 简答2*10分
分析发挥（续写结尾“合理出奇”）20分 作文(叙事)40分
第二章 文章构成要素 第一节 材料
材料分为“素材”和“题材”
素材：是指作家、艺术家在创作之前，从社会生活中摄取的、未经选择、提炼加工的原始材料，它具有感性、零碎、分散的特点，是材料积累的第一步，但未经加工不能纳入文章。
题材：则是经过作家、艺术家对素材的选择、提炼加工，写到作品中来，用以表现主题的材料。
材料的选择
一.围绕突出主题材料 二.选择典型材料 三.选择新颖材料 第二节 主题
主题：主题是文章的基本思想，是文章的核心和灵魂。
主题的提炼： 一.深刻 二.创新 三.着眼于时代性
第三节 结构
材料起解决“言之有物”的作用;主题解决“言之有理”;结构则进一步解决“言之有序”。
结构的原则：
一.正确反映事物内在规律 二.服从表现主题的需要 三.适应不同体裁的特点 四.结构要富于变化
段落，是行文最小的意义单位
结尾：
主要表现为“开门见山式”和“导入式”两类。结尾的几种写法
一.总结性结尾，绾结全文，深化主题，形成清晰、完整的印象； 二.启发式结尾，富于哲理，引人深思； 三.鼓舞性结尾，有着激发热情的鼓动力 四.自然式结尾，文章的道理讲完即自然停止。
结构的要求
一.脉络清晰、线索一贯 二.周密严谨 三.曲折变幻 四.疏密互映
第四节 语言
语言文字运用的基本要求和方法 准确、简洁、生动、朴实
第三章 文章的表达方式 第一节 叙述
叙述是写作中最基本、最常用的表达方式
叙述的人称分为“第一人称叙述”和“第三人称叙述”
其中，“第三人称叙述”是全知视角的叙述，它假托一个无所不知、无所不晓的第三者来说话，叙述者的观点不受任何限制，可以突破时间空间的束缚，能够广泛自地反映客观生活。
叙述的基本方法
从叙述的先后安排分：顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙 从叙述的整体和局部关系分：合叙、分叙 从叙述的详略程度分：概叙、细叙
分叙：也叫平叙，是指在同一时间内发生在不同地点的事件进行并列的叙述，俗话“花开两朵，各表一枝”
第二节 描写
描写的方法
依据描写的风格来分：白描和细描
依据描写的角度来分：直接描写（正面描写）和间接描写（侧面描写）
描写的对象 人物： 1.肖像描写 2.行动描写 3.语言描写 4.心理描写：
心里剖析、内心独白、梦境描摹、幻觉描写 第四节 抒情
抒情的方法：
一.直接抒情，就是直叙胸臆 二.间接抒情： 1.通过叙述抒情
2.通过描写抒情（借景抒情，情由景生）3.通过议论抒情
第二节 小说
中国小说源于古代神话
小说的文体特点
一.情节是小说叙述的中心 二.情节是小说叙述最基本的框架 三.具体充分的场景展示是小说的特长 四.灵活多变，手法多样的叙述方式
第三节 诗歌
诗歌的基本特点 一.凝练性
二.跳跃性：结构上具有跳跃性，意境也具有跳跃性 三.音乐性：声律和谐，节奏鲜明
第四篇：大学英语四级写作备考四大步骤
根据我们多年的教学经验，四级写作备考可分为四大步骤：
一、背诵：首先认真研究历年四级写作真题，重点研究2001年6月—2005年12月的11次真题，分析近年来四级写作的出题规律和考试重点，从语言、结构、内容三大层面，认真研读经典写作真题范文：语言方面学习范文中的精彩词汇、词组、句型;结构方面学习范文的框架结构、内在逻辑、关联词、同义替换和代词替换;内容方面学习范文的论点、论据和论证。同时背诵精彩写作范文，要求滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善，扎扎实实提高自
己的写作实力。
二、默写：背诵熟练之后默写下来，仔细对照原文，会发现你默写的文章与原文有一些语法、拼写、标点的区别，这些区别就是你的写作弱点，学习关键在于针锋突破，不要全面出击。这些弱点正是你在考试中扣分的原因所在，把这些弱点意义克服，分数自然就会提高。
三、中译英：首先将写作真题范文译为中文，或参考范文的正确译文，然后进行中译英的工作，根据自己的理解把中文译为英文，最后对照英文原文，你会发现你的译文与原文存在较大的差别，这些差别正是你写作低分的症结所在。同样的一个中文句子，仔细对比一下你使用了哪些词汇、词组和句型，原文使用了哪些，这样你的写作水平才会逐渐提高。
四、写作：进行完上述工作之后，在考前必须进行写作的工作，只有动笔写作，才会发现自己的问题。可以写5—10篇真题或模拟题，模仿自己曾经背诵过的精彩词汇、词组、句型、框架和范文，写出一篇新的文章。最初不要求速度，但考前一定要进行模考，半小时写出一篇120-150词的文章。写完之后仔细修改其中的语言错误，将其改的更加精彩。
英语写作基础不太好的四级考生，必须按照上述步骤严格进行;基础较好的考生学习顺序正好相反，首先写作，直接写作四级真题;其次中译英，在研读原文之前，进行中译英的工作，译完对比，找出差距;然后背诵;最后默写。同时可以准备自己的写作框架，应用文和
论说文分别形成固定的写法，积累精彩句型。
针对2006年6月的四级考试，建议大家论说文重点准备关于大学校园生活的话题，如学习、生活、社会工作、兼职打工等;应用文重点准备咨询信、投诉信、介绍信、请求信、建议信、道歉信、邀请信等私人和公务信函，以及开幕词、祝酒辞等致辞的写法。
多读、多写、多改，写作高分不是梦!
第五篇：大学英语四级写作备考四大步骤
大学英语四级写作备考四大步骤
2007-06-02 来源：新浪教育
根据我们多年的教学经验，四级写作备考可分为四大步骤：
一、背诵：首先认真研究历年四级写作真题，重点研究2001年6月—2005年12月的11次真题，分析近年来四级写作的出题规律和考试重点，从语言、结构、内容三大层面，认真研读经典写作真题范文：语言方面学习范文中的精彩词汇、词组、句型；结构方面学习范文的框架结构、内在逻辑、关联词、同义替换和代词替换；内容方面学习范文的论点、论据和论证。同时背诵精彩写作范文，要求滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善，扎扎实实提高自己的写作实力。
二、默写：背诵熟练之后默写下来，仔细对照原文，会发现你默写的文章与原文有一些语法、拼写、标点的区别，这些区别就是你的写作弱点，学习关键在于针锋突破，不要全面出击。这些弱点正是你在考试中扣分的原因所在，把这些弱点意义克服，分数自然就会提高。
三、中译英：首先将写作真题范文译为中文，或参考范文的正确译文，然后进行中译英的工作，根据自己的理解把中文译为英文，最后对照英文原文，你会发现你的译文与原文存在较大的差别，这些差别正是你写作低分的症结所在。同样的一个中文句子，仔细对比一下你使用了哪些词汇、词组和句型，原文使用了哪些，这样你的写作水平才会逐渐提高。
四、写作：进行完上述工作之后，在考前必须进行写作的工作，只有动笔写作，才会发现自己的问题。可以写5—10 篇真题或模拟题，模仿自己曾经背诵过的精彩词汇、词组、句型、框架和范文，写出一篇新的文章。最初不要求速度，但考前一定要进行模考，半小时写出一篇 120－150词的文章。写完之后仔细修改其中的语言错误，将其改的更加精彩。
英语写作基础不太好的四级考生，必须按照上述步骤严格进行；基础较好的考生学习顺序正好相反，首先写作，直接写作四级真题；其次中译英，在研读原文之前，进行中译英的
工作，译完对比，找出差距；然后背诵；最后默写。同时可以准备自己的写作框架，应用文和论说文分别形成固定的写法，积累精彩句型。
针对2006年6月的四级考试，建议大家论说文重点准备关于大学校园生活的话题，如学习、生活、社会工作、兼职打工等；应用文重点准备咨询信、投诉信、介绍信、请求信、建议信、道歉信、邀请信等私人和公务信函，以及开幕词、祝酒辞等致辞的写法。
多读、多写、多改，写作高分不是梦！
英语写作十大功能句型
2007-09-17 作者：张一楠
考研写作部分30分，占到考研英语考试总分值的1/3，重要性不言而喻。同时，写作部分也是最容易提高的部分，“天天背句型”可以起到非常显著的效果，这一实践在去年的考研VIP班里起到极其明显的效果，此班里的同学多为艺术考生，英语基础比较薄弱，但是通过一段时间的“背诵”和“仿写”，写英语句子的水平有了极大提高。
今天与大家分享第一种功能句型——文章开头句型。
1、“如今，人们普遍认为...,但是我怀疑...。”
Nowadays，it is generally/commonly believed that..., but I wonder that...2、“如同硬币的正反面，...也有积极的一面和消极的一面。”
Like a coin has two sides, there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to...3、“近来，...的问题已经成为人们注目的焦点。”
Currently, the issue of...has been brought to public attention.4、“随着...的快速增长，...在日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。”
Along with the rapid growth of...,...has become increasingly important in our daily life.5、“由汽车引起的空气和噪音污染对我们的健康造成了危害。”
Air pollution and noise pollution caused by automobiles do harm to our health.第二种考研写作功能句型——文章结尾句型
1、“因此，不难得出结论...”
Accordingly/Consequently/As a result,it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that...2、“综上所述，我们能得出如下结论...”
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that...3、“这一难题，是任何人都不可能避免的。但只要处理得当，我们就会...”
The dilemma is something no one can avoid.Properly handled, however, we will...4、“总之，全社会都应该密切关注...,只有这样我们才能...”
All in all, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of....Only in this way can we....5、“考虑到所有的因素，我们意识到...”
Taking into account all of these factors, we have reached the realization that...四六级作文可引用的36句谚语格言
2007-09-18 来源：中青网
1.Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
2.God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者。
3.Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。
4.Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。
5.One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬之千里。
6.Slow and steady wins the race.稳扎稳打无往而不胜。
7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。
8.Experience is the mother of wisdom.实践出真知。
9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻。
10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。
11.More hasty,less speed.欲速则不达。
12.It's never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。
13.All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。
14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。
15.Look before you leap.三思而后行。
16.Rome was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功。
17.Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。
18.well begun,half done.好的开始等于成功的一半。
19.It is hard to please all.众口难调。
20.Out of sight,out of mind.眼不见，心不念。
21.Facts speak plainer than words.事实胜于雄辩。
22.Call back white and white back.颠倒黑白。
23.First things first.凡事有轻重缓急。
24.Ill news travels fast.坏事传千里。
25.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。
26.live not to eat,but eat to live.活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着。
27.Action speaks louder than words.行动胜过语言。
28.East or west,home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。
29.It's not the gay coat that makes the gentleman.君子在德不在衣。
30.Beauty will buy no beef.漂亮不能当饭吃。
31.Like and like make good friends.趣味相投。
32.The older, the wiser.姜是老的辣。
33.Do as Romans do in Rome.入乡随俗。
34.An idle youth,a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
35.AS the tree,so the fruit.种瓜得瓜，to better live.活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着。
大学英语四级写作九类精彩句型
一、比较
1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that„„
4.It is reasonable to maintain that „„but it would be foolish to claim that„„
5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.6.Like anything else, it has its faults.7.A and B has several points in common.8.A bears some resemblances to B.9.However, the same is not applicable to B.10.A and B differ in several ways.11.Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.12.People used to think „„, but things are different now.13.The same is true of B.14.Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.15.It is true that A „„ , but the chief faults（obvious defects）are „„
二、原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors might contribute to（lead to）（account for）the phenomenon
（problem）.2.The answer to this problem involves many factors.3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that„„
4.The factors that contribute to this situation include„„
5.The change in „„largely results from the fact that„„
6.We may blame „„,but the real causes are„„
7.Part of the explanations for it is that „„
One of the most common factors（causes）is that „„
Another contributing factor（cause）is „„
Perhaps the primary factor is that „
But the fundamental cause is that „„
三、后果
1.It may give rise to a host of problems.2.The immediate result it produces is „„
3.It will exercise a profound influence upon„„
4.Its consequence can be so great that„„
四、批驳
1）It is true that „„, but one vital point is being left out.2）There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3）Some people say „„, but it does not hold water.4）Many of us have been under the illusion that„„
5）A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.6）It makes no sense to argue for „„
7）Too much stress placed on „„ may lead to „„
8）Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that „„
9）Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that „„
五、举例
1）A good case in point is „„
2）As an illustration, we may take „„
3）Such examples might be given easily.4）„„is often cited as an example.六、证明
1）No one can deny the fact that „„
2）The idea is hardly supported by facts.3）Unfortunately, none of the available data shows „„
4）Recent studies indicate that „„
5）There is sufficient evidence to show that „„
6）According to statistics proved by „„, it can be seen that „„
七、开篇
1）Many nations have been faced with the problem of „„
2）Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3）Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.4）Recently the issue has aroused great concern among „„
5）Nowadays there is a growing concern over „„
6）Never in our history has the idea that „„ been so popular.7）Faced with „„, quite a few people argue that „„
8）According to a recent survey, „„
9）With the rapid development of „„, „„
八、结尾
1）From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that „„
2）It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop „„
3）It is necessary that steps should be taken to „„
4）In conclusion, it is imperative that „„
5）There is no easy method, but „„might be of some help.6）To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must „„
7）In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.8）With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.9）We might do more than identify the cause;it is important to take actions to „„
10）Taking all these into account, we „„
11）Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear„„
九、1）With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up
2）When it comes to„„，some people think ／believe„„that„„，others argue ／claim that opposite ／reverse is true.There is probably„„some truth in both arguments／statements，but„„当说到„„，有些人认为„„，但另一些人则持相反的观点„„。这两种观点可能都有点道理，但„„。
四级写作终极归纳之基础篇
2007-09-27 作者：刘一博
大学英语四级考试自1987年开始至今已走过了18个年头，而写作作为必考项目在这18年中无论是命题思路还是写作方法、写作技巧都几乎没有大的改动。从最近公布的新四级考试大纲和样题中我们也不难看到，这种稳定性在新四级考试中仍将得到进一步延续。结
合多年来对四级写作的研究和一些丰富的教学经验，笔者认为非常有必要将一些四级写作知识和技巧进行总结，因为这不仅仅对现行四级的考生，而且对即将参加新四级考试的学生都有指导和借鉴意义。
四级写作的特点与要求
孙子云：“知己知彼，百战不殆”。想在写作考试中获得成功，就必须首先了解四级考试的要求和评分规则。由于新四级考试还没有开始进行，笔者就以一篇根据现行四级写作题目“Do‘Lucky Numbers’Really Bring Good Luck?”写成的学生作文为例来讲述几个最基本的道理。
例文1：
Some people think that certian(拼写错误)numbers will bring good luck to them.Numbers such as six, eight, sixteen and eighteen are regarded as lucky numbers.There are also people who think that their success is related to certain numbers.However, some other people think numbers have nothing to do with their luck.They believe in their own rather than“lucky numbers”.They don't do things according to certain numbers.As far as I am concerned, I think it is a person's own business whether he believes in a certain number or not.The most important thing is that he has done the work by himself and has done it quite well.As to the belief in numbers, it is their(前后指代不一致，应改为his)personal choice.该文章是当年四级考试命题组印发给全国评卷老师的一篇例文，根据15分制的评分标准，这篇例文被评为14分，供全国评卷老师作为评分参考。乍看起来，本文无论从遣词造句还是思想深度，似乎都算不得一篇佳作；但它之所以能够被评为14分，还是有其内在深
层次原因的，那就是经常被考生们所忽视的议论文写作常识。简要地讲，可分为以下三个部分：
（一）英文议论文的结构特点
汉语写作对文章结构的要求不是很高，如开头段应该包括什么、论题句应该在什么时候出现、文章的结尾是否必须总结全文等等。而英语写作要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。
简而言之，英语议论文共有三大特点：
1、观点鲜明的开头；
2、紧扣主题的结尾；
3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。
这三点当中，第1、2点早已为绝大多数中国学生所熟知，因为开头点题和结尾扣题同样也是汉语文章的要求。但在长时间的学习过程中，这样的要求被很多学生以为是“老土”而得不到足够的重视。如果将这种思想带到英语议论文写作当中，直接的后果就是中心分散、观点不明确，加上中国学生普遍英文表达能力不强，这些因素就为整篇文章的失败埋下了隐患。
另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，在英文应试写作中更加如此。正因为没有“主题句”的思想，所以中国学生在写英语文章时经常“想到什么，就写什么”，这在英语议论文中是不能接受的。例如，例文1中每一段的首句都简要地概括出了该段的主要内容，换句话说，每段的内容都是根据首句来展开的，其顺序不能颠倒。
（关于段落的衔接，在后面的内容中将详细介绍。）
(二)中心统一
在中心统一这个问题上，英语议论文和汉语议论文的概念也有所不同。中国人在写议论文时常常遵循“中庸”的原则，其具体的表现就是认为世界上没有任何事情是绝对的。当他们在文章中表扬一件事物或一种现象的时候，总要指出其不足；同样，在批评一件事物或一种现象的同时，也总不忘记指出其也有合理之处。这种做法从道理上来讲并没有什么不妥，但却不符合英语议论文的写作习惯，因为英语作家在写议论文时关注的是自己的辩论技巧和其结果对公众的影响力。换句话说，如果作者告诉大家两面都有道理也就等于说两面都没有道理，因为读者在读了文章之后仍旧不知道作者的看法是什么，以及自己在这种情况下到底该怎么做。
所以，既然四级考试考的是英语文章，大家就应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支持；表示反对就彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。以上面的例文1为例，如果作者的观点是“幸运数字是既有道理又无道理的”，这种观点就无法让人接受，因为在英语议论文中，这是典型的中心不统一。
四六级英语写作八条经典法则
2007-11-20 来源：新浪网
1.Organize your thoughts before writing: brainstorm、make an outline、etc.下笔前整合思绪：脑力激荡，写出纲要等。
2.Write clearly.Be concise.Avoid wordiness.写作清晰，务必精简，避免赘言。
3.Use good grammar and write complete sentences.使用好的文法，写出完整句子。
4.Write simple sentences.Avoid a fancy style.尝试简单句，避免花俏的句法。
5.Avoid slang、cliche and informal words.避免俚语、陈腔滥调和非正式用字。
6.Avoid use of the first person(i.e.I/me/my)unless necessary to specific piece.除非必要，避免使用第一人称：如“我/我的”。
7.Writing naturally.Read it aloud.Does it sound natural? Does it flow? 自然挥洒，大声朗诵。整篇文章听起来自然吗？通顺吗？
8.Move logically from one idea to the next.Don't skip steps.上下句意要合乎逻辑。别毫无章法乱跳。
四六级写作指导：用简单句表达复杂思想
2007-12-07 来源：新浪网
应试作文的评分标准尽管描述语言不同，但都可以分为内容、组织和语言三个方面，如果是应用文，还要看语域(主要指语言使用是否符合场合)和格式。新四级作文的评分标准也不能脱离以上三大方面：内容按照题目提纲扩展即可；组织除了要注意段与段之间的连贯与衔接之外，还要特别注意考生最容易忽略的句与句之间的逻辑性；最难提高的是语言，即用词的丰富性和句子的复杂性。要拿到新四级写作高分，就必须在语言上有所起色，语言是绕不过去的一个心结，那么语言突破之路，到底在何方呢？答曰：简单句。
这是从广大考生的实际出发给出的回答。因为学了很多年的英语，大部分考生还是能够写出一些东西的，最起码能够写出一些英语的简单句吧。简单句包括S+V(主谓句)，S+V+O(主谓宾)，S+V+O+O(主谓宾宾)，S+V+O+C(主谓宾宾补)，S+V+C(主系表)，复杂一些的句子无不是由这些简单句演变而来的。
用简单句写复杂思想
学了这么多年英语，为什么还不能写出好的句子？原因在于想得太复杂了。我们可以将要表达的汉语思想，全部说成简单的句子，而简单句，在写作时是考生可以掌控的。之后再将简单句加以润色、组合，使之登堂入室，夺取高分。
例如写这句话：大学生刚刚毕业就想立刻找到高薪的工作是不可能的。看到这样的汉语句子，一般我们的反应是要用It is impossible for sb.to do sth..这样的句型，然后想着往里填词：在sb.的位置填上“刚刚毕业的大学生”，在不定式的位置填上“找到高薪的工作”，如下所示：
It is impossible for刚刚毕业的大学生to找到高薪的工作.那么“刚刚毕业的大学生”怎么写？英语里面好像找不到一个表示“刚刚毕业的”形容词放在大学生前面，所以就要用定语从句，写成college students who have just graduated，如果graduated不会写，先写成left；然后怎么写“高薪的”，英语里面也没有这样一个形容词放在jobs的前面，所以用定语从句，写成to find jobs which can give them a lot of money。这样这个句子将写成：It is impossible for college students who have just graduated to find jobs which can give them a lot of money.这样将两个定语从句放在这个句型里面，实在是太容易犯错了。实际上，刚刚毕业的大学生可以写成：newly-graduated students, 而高薪的工作可以写成well-paying jobs, 将这两个短语放进去，成为：It is impossible for newly-graduated students to find well-paying jobs，与上面的定语从句相比会获得更高的分数。不过试问，能写出这两个短语的有几人呢？
我们能不能换一种思路，想得简单点，把上面一句话拆分成为四句：
①每年，都有很多大学生毕业。
②他们都想找到工作。
③这些工作可以给他们很多钱。
④这是不可能的。
我相信这样的句子大部分考生很快就可以写出来：
①Every year, many college students graduate.②They all want to find jobs.③These jobs can give them a lot of money.④This is impossible.第一句话属于五种简单句中的主谓句，第二句是主谓宾，第三句是主谓间宾直宾，第四句是主系表。
下面我们看看能不能润色一下：第一句话我们将熟悉的many改为heaps and heaps of(一批一批的)，这是换词；然后?：from universities；又想到还有独立的学院，再加上and institutes。第一句话变成：Every year, heaps and heaps of college students graduate from universities and institutes.这句话这样一改，便成气候了。
第二句和第三句可以用定语从句连接起来，因为第三句的主语是第二句最后jobs的重复，所以②＋③成为：They all want to find jobs，which can give them a lot of money.再润色，我们发现give可以改为offer，a lot of money可以改为handsome salaries。
利用学过的语法知识我们可以让这个句子更加复杂，给定语从句中加一个插入语：they hope，放在which后面，这样这句话就成为：They all want to find jobs，which they hope can offer them handsome salaries.第四句话也可以和前两句连在一起，这次不采用主从复合句，而采用并列句，因为意思发生转折，故用but连接，而impossible太绝对了，改为hardly possible，于是成为：They all want to find jobs，which they hope can offer them handsome salaries，but this is hardly possible.所以最初的那句话，经过拆解、加工(换词和连句)形成了下面的一组句子：Every year, heaps and heaps of college students graduate from universities and institutes.They all want to find jobs，which they hope can offer them handsome salaries，but this is hardly possible.上文总共32个词，与我们刚才认为很难达到的那个句子It is impossible for newly-graduated students to find well-paying jobs(10个词)相比，气势上毫不逊色，但是哪一种写法更适合广大考生的情况呢？当然是从熟悉的东西着手改造更为可取，像newly-graduated和 well-paying这样的天外来客式的词组需要积累，或者自己有意去搜寻。再强调一下：上面这组句子是我们从简单句变过来的。这说明：简单句这只丑小鸭也可以变成白天鹅！这是对四级考生写作应试方面最大的启示！
笔者坚定地认为，写好四级作文，切勿好高骛远，一下子就想写出来很复杂的句子可能会搞得遍体鳞伤。所以，要从可以掌控的东西出发，即将复杂的汉语思想分解成为简单句，或者说，学会想简单的句子，然后表达成为简单句，进而对之进行再加工，要么换词，要么连句，如此润色，写作可成矣！
简单句写作思路
英文写作的思维就像一个黑洞，似乎深不可测，但如果我们将写作的过程视为一个看不见的汉译英的过程就会简单明了得多。根据笔者的经验，英文写作一般是先想主语，因为主语是一句话的开头；再想谓语，谓语中应该会先写助动词，所以先想用什么时态、语态、情
态；接下来是动词，动词要考虑的是用及物动词还是不及物动词，是系动词还是实义动词。如果是及物动词就要考虑跟宾语，系动词就要考虑跟表语。
系动词跟表语
下面，我们一起来写几句话。
例一： 国际旅游业创造了很多就业机会。
??么？应该是“国际旅游业”，谓语应该是“创造”，还要带一个宾语“就业机会”。这句话的主干应该是：旅游业创造就业机会。对应的简单句句型应该是主谓宾S+V+O。先写主语：International tourism；下面考虑时态，这应该是一个经常反复发生的动作，故用一般现在时，create这个动词应该加s；create是及物动词，所以后面加上 many job opportunities, 写成：International tourism creates many job opportunities.例二：外出工作让母亲们没法照顾好孩子。
这是一个稍微难的句子，先想主语，是“外出工作”，在主语的位置要用动名词，写成Working outside；“让”不能写成let，要用make, 时态用一般现在时，故make要加s；make是及物动词，后跟宾语mothers, “没法照顾好孩子”就成为宾语补足语，构成S+V+O+C的句型，宾语补足语用形容词，写成unable to take good care of their children, 全句成为：Working outside makes women unable to take good care of their children.当然还可以写成：
Working outside makes it impossible for women to take good care of their children.这句话将原句进行了适当变通，使之成为“外出工作让母亲们照顾好孩子成为不可能”，然后活用了it作为形式宾语，将不定式后置。相比之下第一种写法稍显生硬。
第三种写法：Working outside deprives women of the chance to take good care of their children.这句话将原句进行了适当变通，使之成为“外出工作剥夺了母亲们照顾好孩子的机会”，活用了deprive sb.of 这个句型。所以英语写作有很多可能，可选择自己最有把握的句子写出来。
例三：五月到九月份，公司的营业额极不稳定。
这句话在图表写作时可能遇到。五月到九月份可以理解为在五月到九月份，作时间状语，写成between May and September；主语选择“公司的营业额”，将这句话理解为“是极不稳定的”；谓语动词选择系动词be的过去式，为was；“不稳定的”用形容词 erratic, 这句话可以写成主系表结构S+V+C：Between May and September, the turnover of the company was fairly erratic.注意系动词所表示的“是”，经常在汉语思维中隐藏。
结束语：简单句需要同学们好好训练，因为简单句是走向更复杂句子结构的基础，也是新四级考生在临场考试时最能够有把握写好而不犯错的句型。
四六级写作中绝对用得到的词汇及短语（上）
一些a range of;a variety of;a series of;an array of
无数innumerable;countless
许多plenty of;many;much;a great deal of;a lot of;ample
非常多(大)的tremendous
依序列举list in sequence
时间词
过时的outdated;antiquated;outmoded;obsolete;anachronistic
短暂的ephemeral;transitory;transient;short-lived
不合时宜的anachronism
可持久的durable;able to stand wear;last a long time
一再time after time;again and again
初始的preliminary
前述的aforementioned;aforesaid;former
自古到今from ancient times to the present day;down through the ages
年轻人young people;youngster;youth;young adult
老式的old-fashioned;out of date;dated
偶尔from time to time;now and then;once in a while;at times
时常often;frequently;repeatedly
永远的eternal;perpetual;lasting throughout life
重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities
目前so far;by far
一次就可完成的事one-time event
正/反意见(opinion)
骂yell at;reprimand;chide;scold;reprove
支持support;endorse;back up;uphold
谴责condemn;express strong disapproval of
错的mistaken;erroneous;wrong incorrect
错事wrongdoing;had acts;misbehavior
做相反的do the reverse of;do the opposite
归咎blame„on;put the blame on „;„is to blame
瓦解disintegrate;break up;separate into small parts
支持某一方in favor of;on the side of
不会犯错的infallible
意见不和clashes of opinion
一致的unanimous;in complete agreement
不恰当inappropriate;improper;unsuitable;inadequate
批判criticize;blame;find fault with;make judgments of the merits and faults of„
我们想念„we are convinced that„;we are certain that..我愿意I incline to;I am inclined to;I am willing to;I tend to
有用的useful;of use;serviceable;good for;instrumental;productive
有意义的meaningful;fulfilling
他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit this„
在大家同意下by common consent of„
否定deny;withhold;negate
承认admit;acknowledge;confess;concede
于事无补of no help;of no avail;no use
使„受益benefit„;do good to„;is good for„;is of great benefit to„
想法frame of mind;mind set;the way one is thinking
想出come up with
找出come up with;find out
利用use;take advantage of
夸耀brag about;boast about;show off;speak too highly of
照顾take care of;take charge of;attend to;watch over
对„很了解have a deep knowledge of„
对抗权威stand up against authority;resisit boldly the authority
对„有信心have confidence in
四级写作十大必背范文
1、致辞：
Directions: Write a speech on the opening of a conference of no less than 120 words.In your speech, you should：
1、进行自我介绍，2、详细介绍大会内容，3、结束语。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing!To begin with, I would like to make a brief introduction to myself.I am the president of Motorola(China)Electronics Ltd.The following is my introduction to the conference.First, it is my great honor to be here with all of you and declare open the Conference of International Trade Cooperation.Second, on behalf of our company, I would like to express my heartfelt welcome to all the guests and delegates.Last, I believe our cooperative efforts are sure to be productive.I wish all of you enjoy yourselves during this conference and hope the above information will help you.If you have any question for me, please feel free to ask at any time.Thank you for your attention.2、求职信/求学信：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter applying for a position of a company.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese：
1、申请职位，2、简要介绍自己的情况，3、期待回信。
Dear Sir or Madam，I am senior from the Department of Business Administration of Beijing University.I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for admission into your esteemed institution/your recently advertised position for a staff member.I am sure that I am qualified for it.First, enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous academic qualifications and work experience.Second, not only do my qualifications and experience make me a perfect candidate for it, my cheerful personality is well suited to studying in your prestigious university/working as a staff member.Last, my hobbies include sports and music.Words fail me when I try to express my heartfelt gratitude to the help you rendered me.Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely, Li Ming
3、邀请信：
Directions: You want to invite some friends to a party.Write an invitation letter to them individually：
1、邀请参加晚会，2、说明举办晚会的原因，3、将安排哪些活动。
Dear Wangcai，I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr.Old Fish’s wedding ceremony with Ms.Fujiwora to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m.on April 1, 2007.As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to attend the celebration and share our joy.The occasion will start at seven o’clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony.This will be followed by a dinner party.At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss.If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company.Yours sincerely, Li Ming
4、个人简历：
Directions: Write of resume of yourself of no less than 120 words.In it, you should：
1、说明姓名、地址、联系方式、求职目标，2、教育背景、工作经历、资历，3、所获奖励、特长，以及个人资料。
RESUME Li Ming P.O.Box 237, Beijing University 5, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871 Tel: 62768888 Email: liming@163.com
Career Objective: A position with management potential in the banking business specializing in international corporate financing Educational Background:
Sept 2003 to Beijing University July 2007 Major in International Business Management Main courses include English, computer,Business Management, Accounting, International Commercial Law Work Experience: July 2006 to Bank of China June 2007 Internship, Secretary to Deputy Manager of Marketing Draft business correspondence
Schedule deputy manager’s appointments
Qualifications: University graduation certificate and bachelor degree to be conferred upon graduation(2007)College English Test Band 4 June 2005 Honors & Awards: Twice awarded scholarship by Beijing University 2005& 2006 Special Skills: Familiarity with Microsoft Word, Excel Ability to work independently Outstanding Organizational skills Experience: President of Student Union 2003－present Personal Data: Date of Birth: Sep.17, 1984 Gender: Female Marital Status: Unmarried
5、告示：
Directions: The Students’ Union of your department is planning a Chinese Speaking Contest.Write an announcement which covers the following information：
1、比赛目的、时间、地点，2、参赛者的要求，3、裁判和奖励的细节。
You should write about 120 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use Department of Chinese Language and Literature at the end of the announcement.Chinese Speaking Contest
December 22, 2007
To improve students’ ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-class activities, the Students’ Union of Department of Chinese Language and Literature is organizing a school-wide Chinese speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week(29 December)at the Students’ Auditorium.Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week.Five professors will be invited to be judges.The first six winners will be given awards.Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest.The Students’ Union
Department of Chinese Language and Literature
6、就业：
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Jobs for Graduates.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below：
1、大学生难找工作，2、原因很多，3、解决的办法。
Job hunting has always been a headache for college students.Though many graduates are employed right after graduation, some are not.Most serious of all, some still have no idea where to go working even a long time after graduation.The reasons for this phenomenon are various.On the one hand, a few years ago colleges and universities enrolled so many students in popular majors, such as economy, finance and so on that the number of graduates was greater than the need in the market.On the other hand, most graduates would rather stay in large cities without suitable job to do than go to the country.I reckon this problem can be solved if both colleges and students take measures.First, they should research the market and develop special skills to suit its need.Second, students’ attitude towards employment should be changed.They should go to small cities and country.There they can also give full play to their professional knowledge.In a word, if we pay much attention, the situation can be improved.7、考试：
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Views on Examinations.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below：
1、大学都用考试来衡量学生的成绩，2、考生可能带来的副作用，3、我对考试的看法。
In most colleges and universities the examination is used as a chief means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular subject.Although it does the job quite efficiently, its side effects are also enormous.To begin with, examinations lower the standards of teaching.Since teachers are often judged by examination results, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques.No subjects can be taught successfully merely through being approached with intent to take examinations.In addition, the most undesirable effect is that examinations encourage bad study habits.As the examination score is the only criterion for his academic performance, a student is driven to memorize mechanically rather than to think creatively.In fact, few of us admit that examinations can contribute anything really important to the students’ academic development.If that is the case, why cannot we make a change and devise something more efficient and reliable than examinations?
8、读后感：
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Favorite Novel.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below：
1、我最喜爱的小说，2、该小说的内容，3、我为什么喜爱。
My favorite novel is Around the World in Eighty Days which is written by Jules Verne.The author was born in France and devoted himself to literature and wrote several scientific romances, which gained him the name——Father of Modern Science Fiction.This is a book of science fiction which tells us an exciting story about an English gentleman, Mr.Phileas Fogg, who makes a bet with his clubmates and manages to travel around the world in eighty days.It gives us a vivid description of the many difficulties and incidents which happen on his journey.From this story, we can see the author’s deep love for the sea, travel and adventure, which played a vital role in his life.We are also astonished and convinced by his fertile imagination and scientific and geographical knowledge.9、难忘的人：
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The most unforgettable Person I ever Know.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below：
1、我生活中最难忘的人是，2、为什么他（或她）令我难以忘怀，3、结论。
In my life I have met a great many people who are really worth recalling.But perhaps the most unforgettable person I ever know is my English teacher.What frequently brings back memories of my school teacher is his special qualities.First and foremost, he gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer—an awakening
of a passion for learning.He not only led us to an appreciation of the beauty and perfection of English language and literature, but also aroused our great interest in exploring something deeper in this field.Furthermore, I was attracted by his lively wit.I remember that we students always anticipated his class with great eagerness because his lecture were humorously delivered, never failing to provoke chuckles or loud laughs.Although it is nearly two years since I attended his last class, he is the talk of our old classmates, and I know part of him has already stayed in my heart.10、论说文框架：
Owing to the speedy economic development, the number of people who„has considerably increased/declined.It is universally acknowledged that „ plays a crucial role in modern society.Due attention has to be paid to the issue of„.With the reform and opening－up in recent decades，people in mounting numbers have come to realize the significance of „.If we let this situation continue as it is, we do not know where humans will be in the forthcoming future.Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures.To begin with, we should appeal to the authorities to make strict laws to „.In addition, we should cultivate the awareness of people that „ is essential to us.Only in this way can we reverse this disturbing trend illustrated above.
点击咨询 