第一篇：论国际商务合同翻译的原则与教学实践
论国际商务合同翻译的原则与教学实践
【摘要】本文拟运用商务英语教学中英译商务合同的实例，论述商务合同翻译的原则，在实践活动中力求准确严谨英译商务合同。
【关键词】商务合同 翻译原则 教学实践
商务合同具有条理性、规范性和专业性的特点。商务合同对翻译的质量提出很高的要求，也增加了难度。本文对商务合同英语的准确严谨、规范通顺及翻译技巧与内容的完善还有翻译中常见错误、成因及其对策等作了分析和论述。
一、翻译原则
根据美国语言学家马丁?朱斯在1962年的分类，合同英语属于庄重文体，是各种英语文体中正式程度最高的一种，体现在内容的专业性、语言的严谨性和结构的完整性等方面。合同的文体正式严谨，措辞准确明晰，给翻译带来诸多不便。一般而言商务合同的翻译应遵循准确严谨和规范通顺的原则。
1.准确严谨(faithfulness & accuracy)。商务合同的专业性和兼容性越来越强，为避免产生歧义，商务合同的翻译必须把“准确严谨”作为首要标准。合同文本是合同双方当事人真实意思表示的文字记录，因此，合同文本的翻译不同于文学翻译，不讲究文采韵味，必须准确严谨反映当事人的意思表示。
译文要准确严谨，首先要用词准确(accuracy)。比如，shipping advice和shipping instruction表面意思相近，但应该做出区分：前者是“装运通知”(由卖方发给买方的通知，告之买方货已装运的具体事宜)，后者是“装运指示”(由买方向卖方在货物运出前，发出的装运指示，卖方完全按照买方的意图做好装运事宜)。再如，shipment date和delivery date，从字面翻译来看，都可以翻译成“装货日期”，但前者指货物装船启运(离港)日期，后者指货物的到货(到港)日期。如果混淆了这些词语，将会造成履约困难甚至引发纠纷。例句： In order to cover our order，we have arranged with Dalian Branch，the Bank of China，a credit for USD 86 000.【译文】为支付我方订货货款，我方已委托中国银行大连分行开立86 000美元的信用证。cover一般做“包括，囊括”讲，但上例中不能按原意翻译，且句中由于所属领域范围的不同，其所表达的意思也是不同的：分别是“购进货物”、“投保险”“偿付”等意思。
2.规范通顺(expressiveness & smoothness)。合同文本是一种法律文件，属于庄严性文体。翻译商务合同时还应该把规范通顺视为另一大原则。所谓“规范”，是指译文必须符合法律语言的特点，尽量体现出契约文体的特点。而所谓“通顺”，是指译文应当符合汉语的语法要求，使译文清晰易懂。例句：During the period from the date of effectiveness to the termination of the Contract，the two Parties shall hold a meeting very year to discuss problems arising form the execution of the Contract.(原译：在合同生效之日起到合同终止之日的期间内，双方每年举行一次会议，讨论合同发行中出现的问题。)原文在理解上没有什么特别困难的地方，译文意思也算正确，但只对原文逐字逐句翻译，显得呆板，改译为：本合同有效期间，双方应每年正式会晤一次，以讨论本合同履行期间存在的问题。例句：The date of Bill of Lading shall be taken as the conclusive proof of the date of shipment，six(6)days grace shall be allowed for shipment earlier or later than the time agreed upon by the Parties.In the event of the goods for one order being shipped in more than one lot，each lot shall be deemed to be a separate sale on Contract.(原译：提单的日期应为交货日期的最后证明。双方允许交货比约定的时间早交或迟交六天。一次订货多于一批装运，那么，每批货应被当作是合同的单独买卖。)原译文表达累赘，结构松散，不合乎汉语契约文体的简约风格。改译为： 交货日期以提单所载日期为准，双方同意在合同约定的交货期的基础上，允许有前后六天的装运宽限期。若一次订货分批装运，则每一批货为合同项下的单独买卖。
二、翻译技巧与内容的完善
1.前言的内容：其一，主要载明合同当事人的名称或者姓名、国籍、主营业务或者住所；其二，合同签订的日期、地点。
2.正文：(略，另文论述)
3.合同的结尾
根据《中华人民共和国合同法》第32条规定：“当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的，自双方当事人签字或者盖章时合同成立”。合同的成立是以签字为成立要件而不是以盖章为成立要件的。所以，在合同的结尾部分还应明确规定：合同在双方授权代表签字后正式生效。
三、翻译中常见错误、成因及其对策
1.错误。英语合同翻译中的错误很多，大体表现在两个方面：一方面，对合同英语词或句子的理解停留在字面意思上或机械对应上，对其本质的涵义了解不够准确；另一方面，翻译表达上的错误常常出现，造成理解上的概念不清，内容混淆。
2.成因。(1)专业背景。在我国，部分从事国际贸易的业务并非经济类或法律专业的毕业生，相当一部分毕业于外语类。尽管他们拥有语言上的优势，在词语的专业含义把握上尚可，但是对专业背景知识的了解上却有欠缺。(2)文化差异。尽管掌握了一定的专业背景知识，但不同国家间的文化内涵、民俗风情存在巨大差异。由于文化内涵的差异，其英语涵义与汉语涵义并不对等。因此，文化差异所造成的思维模式、传统观念等差异，使得一份英语合同的理解差异成为可能，翻译错误也就难以避免。
3.对策与建议。(1)忠实于原文的内容，将原文的内容充分表达出来，无任意增减删略或歪曲背离。(2)使用规范的译文语言形式，力求简明易懂、文理正确、严谨通顺，无生硬晦涩之处。3.3.3仅有扎实的语言基本功在英语合同翻译中是远远不够的，更需要有一定的专业知识背景，以及对不同合同翻译中的错误所造成业务上的损失等文化背景的了解，这样才可能尽力避免由于不具备一定专业背景知识，不了解文化差异所造成的合同翻译中的错误。(3)建议。对已经掌握英语基本语法和技能的专业人士或学生来说，开始可从比较英文合同与中文合同的格式入手，然后从句式结构和用词两个方面理解两种文本的异同，体会国外英文合同的特点，尤其应关注中文合同一般未包括的而同类英语合同中又约定的合同事项，不断地在实际应用合同的过程中不断学习。
总之，提高翻译能力，需大量实践。翻员应提高汉英两种语言的水平，在实践中摸索，学习涉外经济合同翻译理论和常用技巧，切实提高翻译能力。只有遵循“实践―认识―再实践―再认识”这一规律，不断总结，才能积极有效地提高翻译能力与水平。
参考文献：
[1]贾文波.应用翻译功能科M].中国对外翻译出版公司.2004.[2]陈建平.经贸合同英语词法特征及其翻译[J].中国科技翻译.2006(01).[3]廖文玉.国际商务英语合同的翻译准则及其中译技巧[J].商场现代化.2008(10).
第二篇：浅论国际商务合同翻译原则
浅论国际商务合同翻译原则
摘要：改革开放以来，我国的国际经贸活动日益频繁，需要签署的商务合同和需要书写的法律文书越来越多，商务合同作为一种媒介，就显得越来越重要。商务合同属于法律文件，对签约双方都具有法律约束力。译文稍有差错就会给双方当事人造成巨大的经济损失。本文列举了大量的实例来对国际商务合同翻译的原则加以分析，希望能对大家有所帮助。
关键词：国际； 商务合同； 翻译原则
Abstract： Since the reform and opening up，we have more and more international economic and trade activities，thus we need to sign and write more and more legal documents.Business contracts are very important as a media.Business contracts are legal documents and are binding on both sides.Small errors in contract will caused huge losses.This paper lists a lot of examples to analysis the principle of the international business contract translation，hoping to be of help.Keyword： International ； Business contract ； The principle of translation 前言
21世纪是一个催人奋进的时代，科技革命迅猛发展，知识更替日新月异，国际竞争力日趋激烈。中国加入世贸组织以来，与它国经济交流越来越多，经济发展日益国际化。与国内经济不同，国际经贸活动要涉及两个或两个以上国家或地区的当事人，因此需要一个媒介来促使双方达成共识.国际商务合同作为媒介的作用突现出来。
合同，也叫契约，“契”意思相投或相合，“约”是用语言文字互相遵守约定，合同是指自愿订立共同遵守的条件，合作共事。《中华人民共和国》第二条规定“合同是平等主体的自然人，法人，其他组织之间设立，变更，终止民事权利义务关系的协议〔contracts referred to in this law are agreements between equal natural persons，legal persons and other organizations for the purpose of establishing，altering and terminating mutual civil rights and obligations〕。而国际商务合同作为其中的一种，也具有合同具有的一般的法律特征。对一国而言，国际商务合同也指涉外合同，涉外合同的当事人可以选择合适适用的法律。我国国际商务合同法有以下几类：1，国际货物买卖合同；2，代理合同；3，来件装配合同；4，融资租赁合同；5，合资经营企业合同；6，劳务合同；7，国际技术咨询服务合同；8，国际借贷合同；9，国际土木建筑工程承包合同；10，外包合同；11，服务合同；12，风险投资管理协议；13，股权转让协议。此类合同都是涉外交易性质需要英汉两种版本，因此需要翻译。下面就让我们一起看一下翻译时应该注意的方面。
一﹑商务合同的语言特征
商务合同是依法成立的法律文件，有其特殊的文体特征。所谓“文体（style）”就是指人们使用语言时，会根据一定的交际内容，交际目的和交际场合，来选择一定的表达方式，即语言风格，这种风格既要适应交际对象也要适应特定的语言环境。根据美国语言学家Martin Joos（1962）年的分类，合同属于庄重文体（the
frozen style），是各种英语文体中正式程度最高的一种。总体来说，这种正式性体现在内容的专业性，语言的严谨性和结构的完整性等方面。因此，我们在进行翻译或者攥稿时，必须要从各个方面把握国际商务合同的语言特征。
1﹑词汇特征
作为一种正式的文体，在选词方面应该做到严谨，准确，规范，不能添加任何感情色彩，要能准确无误的表达出合同双方的权利，义务以及双方的要求。
（1）﹑多用大词（Big word）
我们在选择词语时，要尽量选择正式规范的词语，俗语，俚语，方言，日常生活用语是绝对不允许出现的。例如：“In convening a general meeting of shareholders，notice shall be dispatched to shareholders。”[1]显然句子中的convening和dispatch比同义词holding和spread out更为正式。
（2）﹑多用商务法律术语
为了保持合同语言的规范正式性，我们有时宁愿牺牲语言的流畅性也要确保语言的严谨庄重性。国际商务合同本质上就是具有法律效力的文本，在长期的实践过程中，形成了一些独有的商务法律专业术语。例如：“imputed negligence（转嫁的过失责任）特指可向与行为人有利害关系的人或有合同关系的另一方追究责任的过失。”商务合同中这类狭义的法律专业术语不以大众是否理解或接受为转移，它是商务合同语言准确表达的保障。还有一些介词短语，“in accordance with ”，“whereas”，“subject to”等等词组和搭配已经是商务合同专业术语的一部分了。
（3）﹑多用外来词和古体语
国际商务合同中还有一些外来词和古体词作为专业术语。外来词有不少源于拉丁语或法语，它们的意义比较稳定，可以精确地表达概念，例如：ad valorem duty（拉丁语）从价（关）税，bona fide holder（拉丁语）汇票的善意持票人，pro rata tax rate比例税率（拉丁语，即proportional tax rate），insurance premium per capita（拉丁语）人均保险费，force majeure（法语）不可抗力。商务合同英语具有古体特点，主要标志是古体词语的使用。古体词（archaism）是一种具有鲜明文体色彩的词汇成分。虽然这类词语在现代英语口语和一般书面语中极少使用，但在商务合同等法律文体中，却大量出现，充分体现出严肃的文体风格。合同英语最具特色的古体词形式当数自由词素where、here和there与in、by、with和after等构成的复合副词。如：here +介词：如，hereto，hereof，herein，hereinafter等。这里here相当于this，指本文献、合同或有关文件，因此，“hereto”（本合同）相当于to this，依此类推。
2﹑句式特征
（1）﹑常用长句，陈述句，条件句
商务合同中的句子与普通英语句子相比，句子长度，结构和使用从句的连贯性要复杂的多。为了避免遗漏或误解，因此在合同文本中有很多的限定词，修饰词，定义以及复杂状语，所以句子较长。有时，一个条款的解释或一个句子就能成为一段。为了使合同双方明确自己的权利和义务，会经常使用一些复杂的重叠的状语。在合同中常用陈述句和条件句，而感叹句和疑问句等几乎不被使用，这是因为前者语言平实客观，能更准确的反应事实。陈述句多用来描述，阐述和作出说明或判断。条件句多用来描述买卖双方在一定条件下应该采取的措施。
（2）﹑多用插入语
在商务英语合同中，较多的使用插入语对句子内容进行补充说明或者强调。如：“The buyer must，whenever he is entitled to determine the time for shipping the goods，give the sufficient notice thereof.”句子中的“ whenever he is entitled to determine the time for shipping the goods”就是插入语来对句子内容作出更详细的说明。
二﹑商务合同翻译的标准
商务英语合同翻译虽然和普通英语翻译有很大的差别，但本质上还是一样的。笔者认为刘法公先生提出的“忠实（faithfully）﹑准确（exactness）﹑统一（consistence）”则从根本上适应了商务英语这一特性。忠实，即准确的将原文语言的信息用译文表达出来，不求语法与句子结构的一致，但要求信息内涵上的对等。准确，即再将原文语言内容转换到译文语言内容的过程中选词准确，做到概念表达确切﹑物与名所指准确，数码与单位所指精确，准确是商务英语翻译的核心。统一，即汉英翻译过程中的译名﹑概念﹑术语在任何时候都应该保持统一，不允许将同一概念或术语随意变换译文。
三﹑商务合同翻译的原则
商务合同是一种特殊的应用的文体，它具有用词准确、正式，句式严谨、规范，文体结构固定的特点。而且大量使用法律词汇，来显示合同的正规、庄严、准确规范以及威严的语言特色。因此，作为一名合格的译者，不仅要有过硬的专业知识与语言功底，还需要了解必要的翻译原则。这样才能翻译出合格的译文，成为一名合格的译者。
1﹑译文准确严谨，忠实原文
鉴于商务合同是具有法律效力的文件，它严格的规定合同双方当事人的权利与义务，所以“丝毫不允许语义的模凌两可而使人误解，被人钻了法律的空子，它即使牺牲文字的流畅性也必须保持原文的忠实性。”否则，对原文意思的曲解，会造成严重的商贸纠纷。此外，商务合同中有许多法律术语和专业术语，在文本中有特定的含义，因此我们在翻译时要严格的贴近合同所涉及的专业性内容，准确根据已有的商贸专业知识和对课文的理解来翻译文中的词，而不是仅仅借助英汉词典，翻译出模糊的句子或文章。例如：“The China shall bear all relevant taxes and levies upon the personnel by Chinese Government，whereas the Employer shall bear the same imposed upon the personnel by the government or by an agency or by an official body.[1]此句翻译为：“中国政府应负责缴纳中国政府对人员所征收的一切税金，雇主应负责缴纳项目所在国政府对人员所缴纳的一切税金。”句中的“shall”是法律词汇，相当于我们汉语中的“应当”，“必须”。句中还有两个关于“税金”的单词，taxes 和 levies。其中tax在表示“税”时，主要强调money taken compulsorily by the government or by an official body to pay for government services；levy作为名词，主要表示一种“征税”的行为，即money which is demanded and collected by the government or by an official body。[1]所以，我们在进行翻译的时候要注意分清这两个单词的具体意思，千万不能混淆所给，模糊翻译。例如：“The contract is concluded in case of acceptance of the offer.”其中acceptance 和offer平常译为“接受”和“提供”，然后在商务合同中是专有术语，应译为 “承诺”和“要约”，所以译文为：“要约一旦承诺，合同立即订立。”还有一些缩略词（FOB，CIF等）都应该引起我们足够的重视，不能主观臆断，这样才能保证译文准确严
谨，忠实原文。
2﹑译文具体清楚，用词严密
鉴于商务合同所使用语言都属于法律语言范畴，多是法律词汇，以显示合同的正规﹑严谨﹑规范。所以，我们在选择词汇的时候不能选择一些有歧义的或有多重意思的。例如：“As to the steamer sailing from Shanghai to Los Angeles，we have bimonthly direct services.”[2]句中的“bimonthly”可以指“两月一次或一月两次”，这个时候就会给对方造成误解，是绝对不允许的。例如：“We wish to confirm our telex dispatched yesterday.”句中的“yesterday”是一个相对的概念，在这里用不合适。我们应该使用具体的时间，如：“We confirm our telex of May 20，2014.”还有一些时间和金钱方面的翻译，要做到翻译时具体清楚，切不可想当然，而丢失了一些重要信息，造成不必要的麻烦。例如：“Terms of Payment ：The Buyers shall open with a bank acceptable to the Sellers an Irrevocable Sight Letter of Credit to reach the Seller 30 days before the month of shipment，valid for negotiation in China until the 15th day after the month of shipment.”[1]翻译为：“付款条件：买方应由卖方可接受的银行于装运月份前30天开立并送达卖方不可撤销即期信用证，至装运月份后第15天在中国议付有效。”此句是合同中关于支付的条款，涉及到两个重要的时间，我们应该看清具体介词，进行具体清楚的翻译。
3﹑译文完整规范，达意通顺
所谓完整规范，达意通顺，就是把理解了的内容用合乎合同要求的规范语言与形式表达出来。合同文书经过长期的实践﹑检验，其整体结构已经相对固定，大体由标题﹑前言﹑正文及结尾组成，而且正文中的各个条款也相对固定，只需做稍许改变。因此，译者在翻译的时候要特别注意已经约定俗成的一些规定及词语。例如：“documentary bill at sight ”可以翻译为“即期付有单据的票据”虽然表达的意思符合原文意思，但是概念模糊不清。因为“票据”本来涵义就十分广泛，而在商务英语中的“票据”大多数指“汇票”，因此可译为“跟单汇票”。而且中英文在语言结构上存在很大的差别，中文结构较为松散，英文结构较为严谨些，这些都会造成文章不通顺。再者，商务合同的条款本来就比较繁琐，翻译时要首先弄清全文，在弄清各个条款之间的内在联系，切不可拘泥于原文的句法和条条框框，来达到译文的条理清晰，通顺。切不可像初学者一样，不加斟酌，生掰硬套，致使译文更加晦涩难懂。
结语：
通过以上对合同翻译原则的探讨，我们发现合同语言不同于日常生活用语。合同语言专业性强，句子复杂难翻译，专业词汇多，涉及的知识面范围广。因此，作为一名译者，拥有过硬的语言功底是远远不够的，还需要有一定的专业知识背景，了解一定的翻译原则，与时俱进，不断充实自己。在实践中摸索，不断总结英汉两种语言翻译的异同，切实提高翻译能力，语言水平和审美情趣。
第三篇：商务合同翻译
1)为了便于甲方及时开展工作，乙方应于2009年12月31日前将第一批寄售货物运到甲方处。在2010年3月十五日左右，甲、乙双方应就剩下的寄售期限可能销量达成共识。
In order to facilitate Party A’s work of starting the consignment sales on time, Party B should ship the first lot of consignment goods to Party A before Dec.31, 2009.On or about March 15, 2010, Party A and Party B shall meet to mutually determine on acceptable sales level for the remainder of the consignment period.2)在寄售合同到期后的一个月内，甲方将按合同单价把已售出的货物以美元形式全额汇给乙方。如果有销售额总额超过15万美元的情况，甲方应在一月内将销售款以美元形式汇给乙方。
Within one month after expiration of the consignment period, Party A shall remit Party B the total sum in U.S Dollars based on the contracted unit price for those items which have been sold.If at any time the total value of goods sold exceeds the amount of U.S.Dollars 150000, Party A shall remit the total sum in U.S.Dollars to Party B within one month’s period of time.3)装配所需的主要零件、消耗品及部件由甲方运至广州。如有零部件短少或破损，甲方应负责补充替换。
甲方应于成品交运1个月前开出不可撤销的信用证以支付全部装配费和乙方在广州购买零件、消耗品和部件的费用。
The main parts, consumption articles and components required for assembling will be sent in time to Guangzhou by Party A and if there is any shortage of , or damage to these parts and components , Party A shall be responsible for supplying replacements.Party A shall pay Party B by opening an irrevocable L/C covering the full amount of assembling charges and costs of parts , consumption articles and components purchased in Guangzhou by Party B , one month before the shipment of the finished products concerned.4）一切与本合同有关的进出口手续，均由乙方办理。
乙方将所装配的晶体管收音机运交甲方指定的外国买主。有关运费和保险费由甲方负担。All import and export procedures in connection with this contract shall be taken care of by Party
B.All transistor radios assembled by Party B will be shipped to foreign buyers designated by Party A.The relevant freight and insurance premium shall be borne by Party A.5）晶体管收音机的商标由甲方供给，如有法律纠纷，甲方应负完全责任。
如因装配需要，由乙方在广州购买的零部件必须达到品质标准，并应事先经过甲方核准。The trade marks of transistor radios will be supplied by Party A and should there be any illegal involvement, Party A is to be held fully responsible.All parts and components purchased by Party B in Guangzhou, if necessary for assembling transistor radios, must measure up to the quality standards of, and be approved by Party A beforehand.6）本合同自受聘方到校之日起生效，到聘期届满时失效。如一方要求延长聘期，必须在合同期满前一个月用书面向对方提出，经双方协商同意后另签延聘合同。
This Contract comes into effect on the first day of the engaged party’s arrival at the AA University and ceases to be effective at its expiration.If either party wishes to renew the Contract, the other
party shall be notified in writing one month before it expires.Upon agreement by both parties through consultation, a new contract may be signed between two parties.7）公司为一有限责任公司及在中华人民共和国法律下的法人，公司的所有活动应遵守中华人民共和国颁布的法律、法令及条例，公司的所有合法权益及利益受中华人民共和国的法律管辖及保护。
The Company is a limited liability company and a legal person under the laws of the People’s Republic of China.All the activities of the Company shall comply with the laws, decrees and regulations promulgated by the People’s Republic of China.All the lawful rights and interests of the Company are subject to the jurisdiction and protection of the laws of the People’s Republic of China.8）合营的一方如不履行本合同或公司章程的义务，违约一方得赔偿另一方因此而遭受的经济损失。
在合营期限内，双方都无权单方面宣布撤销或终止本合同。
If either of the Parties fails to fulfil its obligations under this Contract , it shall compensate the other party for all its economic losses resulting therefrom.During the term of operation of the Company, neither Party has the right to announce unilaterally the cancellation or termination of this Contract.9）公司注册资本为9000万美元。由中方在签约后30天内提供土地使用权。外方在2001年3月1日以前提供办公楼、厂房、必须的设备、设备、机器、工具、仪器、工业产权、非专利技术、生产资金、流动资金等。
The registered capital of the Company is USD 90 million.The Chinese Corp provides the right to use land within 30 days after signing the Agreement.The Foreign Co.provides the office building, factory premises, necessary facilities, equipment, machines, tools, instruments, industrial property rights, non-patent technology, production funds, operating funds, etc.before March 1, 2001.10）如因不可抗力事件使公司无法继续营业时，本协议可通过双方协商予以提前终止。如果中方或外方想要把本协议规定的权利和义务进行全部或部分转让，另一方有优先购买权。转让必须得到审批机关的批准。
In case of Force majeure, which makes it impossible for the Company to continue its business, this Agreement may be terminated ahead of schedule through consultation between the two parties.If the Chinese or foreign party wishes to make an assignment of all or part of its rights and obligations prescribed in this Agreement, the other party shall have the preemptive right to purchase the same.The assignment must obtain the approval of the examination and approval authority.11)如果在保证期内发现运交的设备有缺陷，投资人必须按中方的要求，及时适当解决
In case defect of the delivered equipment is found within the warranty period.INVESTOR shall take appropriate action for settlement without delay ,upon SINO`s request
12)在上述情况下，该缺点经鉴定是由于中方操作经验不足，搬运不当或某一物品的消耗所致，则投资人应要求中方支付实际运输费用
In the above instance investor shall request SINO for payment of the actual costs of transportation ,when such defect is judged to be due to inexperienced operation by sino or due to inappropriate handling ,or due to an article of consumption
13)在投资人派遣工程师的任务完成以后，中方如有必要仍可要求投资人继续给以技术支持，但投资人应要求中方为这种增加的合作支付费用，合作的条款由双方将来讨论约定。
Sino shall be able to request for continued technical support from investor , if necessary, even after completion of the above despatchofinvestor`sengineers.however ,in this instance.investor shall be able to request sino for the cost of such additional technological cooperation.terms and conditions shall be subject to mutual discussion and agreement between sino and investor ,in future
14)乙方确认由其所生产的许可证产品必须严格按照甲方所提供的设计，图纸及规格生产，除依第C条第一款规定的修改内容以外，在任何情况下许可证产品均具备与 所生产的产品相同的质量与运动性能。如果乙方未严格依照甲方的设计，图纸及规格生产，则甲方对于乙方的许可证产品不承担任何担保责任。
15）GTT是中方和投资人之间的桥梁GTT应协助中方用展销会，研讨会，技术培训等办法在中国销售产品GTT应在产品品质合格时考虑把这些产品销往欧洲和非洲
1)GTT shall act as a bridge between SINO and INVESTOR
2)GTT shall assist SINO in marketing in china of products finished by SINO by means fo trade show ,seminar ,technical traning program ,ect
3)GTT shall consider marketing finished products to Europe and Africa when the quality turns out to be satisfactory
16）如果初次检验不合格应进行第二次检验，如果第二次检验仍不合格，则投资人赢在2个月内自费调换有关设备如果检验合格，双方应签署检验证明书一式二份，双方各执一份
1)In case initial test is unsatisfactory ,a second test shall be carried out.if the second test is again unsatisfactory ,INVESTOR shall replace the equipment involved atits own cost ,within two months after the second text
2)in case text results are satisfactory ,SINO and INVESTOR shall sign a text certificate in duplicate and each party shall keep one copy
17）本合同的订立，效力，解释，执行及由其引起争议的解决均适用中华人民共和国颁布的法律，法令，和条例规定
The making ,validity ,interpretation and implementation of this contract and the settlement of disputes arising thereform shall shall be governed by laws ,decrees and regulations promulgated by the people`s republic of china
18）受聘方的工作时间每周5天，每天7小时，受聘方按照中国，澳大利亚两国政府规定的节假日放假，寒假按本校校历规定。
The engaged party works five days a week and seven hours a day ,the engaged party have legal holidays as prescribed by both Chinese and Australian governmentthe winter vacation is fixed by the school calenderf
19）聘方每月支付给受聘方工资2000澳元，并按照澳大利亚政府对在澳工作的外籍教师的规定提供各种福利待遇
The engaginfg party pays the engaged party a monthly salary of 2000 australian dollars and provides him with various benefits as prescribed by Australian government for foreign teachers working in Australia
20）受聘方在入境，离境，或过境时，必须遵守澳大利亚政府有关外国人居住，工资福利以及旅行等的法律，规章，并遵守聘方的工作制度。
The engaged party shall abide by the laws and regulations of the Australian government concerning residence ,wages and benefits ,and travel for foreigners when entering ,leaving and passing through the territory of the country ,and shall follow the working system of the engaging party
21）双方均不得无故撤销合同如果聘方要求中途终止合同，除按上述条款承担工资福利待遇外，需给受聘方增发3个月的工资作为补偿金，并于1个月内安排受聘方及其家属回国并承担有关费用
若受聘方中途提出辞职，聘方自同意之日起即停发工资，受聘方不再享受各项福利待遇，受聘方及其家属回国的一切费用均由本人自理
Neither party shall cancel the contract without reasonable causes ,if the engaging party finds it
22）乙方在签约后15天内，为加工设备开出以甲方为受益人的银行承兑信用证，其金额不得少于2220万日元，见票180天付款。这份信用证，只有在乙方收到甲方为芦笋罐头对开的信用证后才能生效，甲方在收到这份信用证后，应及时装运加工设备，提供本协议第七条所需的单证和180天到期的汇票，以便取得他的银行承兑。
Party b shall within 15 days after signing this agreement establish in favour of party a an banker`s acceptance l/c in payment for the equipment ,for an account not less than J 22200000,available by draft at 180 days sight ,the l/c will be effective only after receipt by party b of a satisfactory reciprocal l/c opened by party a for payment of canned asparagns ,after receipt of the l/c ,party a shall effect shipment of the equipment of the equipment in time ,provide the required documents according to article 7 of this agreement together with the draft at 180 days sight ,and obtain its bank`s acceptance
23）乙方将向甲方提供上述货物在香港和日本市场的市级零售价以供甲方参考，乙方无权干涉甲方的销售价，销售场所，和销售办法，但有权提出积极地建议，甲方有责任向乙方提交销售报告（包括零售价）销售过程中出现的问题和为提高销售额而提出的建议，乙方应向甲方提供各种有利于销售（包括免费样品，试销货物，化妆品促销资料，技术交流和有贮存条件等）便利。
Party b will submit to party a the actual retail prices of aforesaid articles in hongkong and Japanese markets for party a`s reference.Party b has no right to interfere with a`s selling
price ,spot and method ,but it has the right to make positive proposals , partya is responsibleto submit party b regular reports on selling situation(covering retail price), problems arising in the course of selling and making proposals to improve sales ,party b should provide party a with various arrangements which are conductive to sales(including samples free of charge ,articles for trial sales ,data for promoting cosmetic sales ,technical exchange and conditions for storage etc.
第四篇：商务合同翻译
• Tranlation of Business Contract
一、商务合同概述
• A contract is an agreement, which legally binds the parties concerned.• 在由Steven H.Gifts编著的“Law Dictionary”中，contract被定义为 “a promise, or a set
of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”
• 合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，在某种意义上，法律将履行该承诺
看作是一种补偿。综上可见，合同是平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的法律协议。
• 合同英语属于庄重文体（the frozen style），是各种英语文体中正式程度最高的一种。
总体来说，这种正式性体现在内容的专业性、语言的严谨性和结构的完整性等方面。合同种类
• 正式合同 Contract(P197)
• 协议书 Agreement
• 确议书 Confirmation
• 备忘录 Memorandum
• 订单 Order
• 意向书 Letter of intent
二、商务合同的构成部分
一.约首(the head)
1.合同名称 Title
2.前文（前言）Preamble
1)Date of signing
2)Signing parties
3)Each party’s authority 当事人的合法依据
4）Place of signing
5)Recitalsor WHEREAS clause 定约缘由
二.本文（Body)
① 定义条款（Definition clause)
② 基本条款（Basic conditions)
③ 一般条款（General terms and conditions)
a.合同有效期限（Duration)
b.终止(Termination)
c.不可抗力（Force Majeure)
d.合同的让与（Assignment)
e.仲裁（Arbitration)
f.适用法律（governing law)
g.诉讼管辖（Jurisdiction)
h.通知手续（Notice)
i.合同的修改（Amendment)
j.其他（Others)
三.约尾（the tail)
① 结尾语包括合同的份数、使用的文字和效力等（Concluding sentence)
② 签名（Signature)
③ 盖印（Seal)
三、Features of legal documents
1.common words with unusual meaning
•action诉讼alienation转让 avoid取消 counterpart有同等效力的副本
• Prejudice提案 save除了vacation休庭期间 limitation时效 minor未成年人
• review审查案件，复审 tort侵权
Eg.1.Thank you for your consideration.•No consideration, no contract.合同无对价不成立。
Eg.2.The testator died without issue.立遗嘱人死亡时没有子嗣.•The parties could not agree on the issue.•The passport was issued by the Liverpool office.2.Old English
To make the compound words by adding after, by, in, of, on, to, under, upon, or with after here,there, or where
• Hereafter: in this document and after this point 此后, 以后
• Hereby: in this way or by this letter以此, 特此, 由此
• Thereby: by that 按此, 借此, 从而, 由此
• Therefrom: from that从那里
Whereas Party A is willing to employ Party B and Party B agrees to do as Party A’s engineer in
Beijing, it is hereby agrees as follows.鉴于甲方愿聘请乙方,乙方同意应聘为甲方在北京的工程师,双方协议如下:
In consideration of the mutual covenants and agreement herein contained, the parties agree
as follows.双方考虑到在此提出的契约和协议, 同意如下条款.3.Use the synonymous word with its relevant words
• Terms and conditions 条件 null and void 无效free and clear of 无
•able and willing 能够并愿意any duties, obligations or liabilities所有责任
• applicable laws, regulations, decrees, directives,and rules 适用法律法规
•charges, fees, costs and expenses 各种费用any and all 全部
•covenants and agreements 合同，协议customs and usages 惯例
• import duty and tax 进口税捐keep secret and confidential保密
• licenses and permits 许可packing and wrapping expenses 包装费
• rights and interests 权益settle claims and debts 清理债务
• ships and vessels 船只sign and issue 签发
• support and maintenance 维护use and wont习惯，惯例
1）This Agreement made and entered into by and between ABC Co.and XYZ Co.ABC 公司和XYZ公司双方签订本协议。
2）All documents, letters, telegrams and telexes interchanged between both parties before the
signing of the Contract shall become null and void automatically from the date on which the
Contract comes into force.双方在签约前交换的所有文件、书信、电报和电传，应从本合同生效之日开始自动失效。
4.Latinate words
•alibi—不在犯罪现场ad hoc – 专门地de facto---事实上的•bona fide---真诚的alias---别名 versus---对，诉
eg.He established an alibi to the charge of murder.•他提供了谋杀案发生时不在场证明。
•他证实在谋杀案发生时，他不在场。
5.Formal words
• Compare the following two kinds of words and expressions
1）At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist/help Party B to install
the equipment.应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术员帮助乙方安装设备
2）Party A shall send back/repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to
Beijing.甲方应将病人遣返中国，负责病人回到北京的旅费。
Failure to notify Party A shall be deemed to be/ be regarded as a material breach of this
agreement.•未能按上述要求通知甲方的，则视为构成实质违约。
Enclosed is our new Quotation NO.475 in lieu of/in place of the previous one.•随附我公司第475号报价替代前发的报价单。
Prices are subject to change/alteration with or without notice.•不管是否事先通知，价格可随时变动。
宪法优先于其他一切法律
• Constitution is before/ prior to all other laws.• 任何一方不得在不预先通知的情况下终止合同
•Either party shall not terminate /stop the contract without notice in advance.–Terminate, stopcommence, begin
– be deemed to,be regarded asin lieu of, in place of
– prior to, beforewhatsoever, whatever
– accomplish, doadditional, extraacquire, get
– alteration,changeapplication, useassistance, help
注意may、shall、should、will、may not、shall not等词语的法律内涵
• May、shall、should、will、may not、shall not等词的确很常见，但是在合同中这些
词具有特殊的意义，所以翻译起来要极其谨慎，避免引起纠纷。
a.May：在表示合同上的权利（Right）、权限（Power）或特权（Privilege）的场合中
使用。若表示某种权利在法律上具有强制性的时候，更多的是“be entitled”。
b.Shall：在合同中并不是单纯的将来时，一般用它来表示法律上可以强制执行的义务
（Obligation）。如未履行，即视为违约，并构成某种赔偿责任。所以，shall在译文里，通常
表示“应该”或“必须”，当然，也有不翻译的时候。例如：
• The quality and prices of the commodities to be exchanged between the ex-importers in
the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides.• 货物的质量和价格必须使进出口双方都能接受。
• The formation of this contract, its validity, interpretation, execution and settlement of
the disputes shall be governed by related laws of the People’s Republic of China.• 本合同的订立、效力、解释、履行和争议的解决均受中华人民共和国法律的管辖。
shall没有译出。
c.Should：在合同中通常只用来表示语气较弱的假设，多翻译成“万一”或“如果”，极少译成“应该”。
• The board meeting shall be convened and presided over by the Chairman.Should the
chairman be absent, the vice-Chairman shall, in principle, convene and preside over the
board meeting.• 董事会会议应由董事长召集、主持；若董事长缺席，原则上应由副董事长召集、主
持。
• The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with
the contract by friendly negotiations.Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be
referred to the People's Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the
absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement
reached after such dispute occurs.• 双方首先应通过友好协商，解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。如果协商未
果，合同中又无仲裁条款约定或争议发生后未就仲裁达成协议的，可将争议提交有
管辖权的人民法院解决。
d.Will：一般使用在没有法律强制的情况下，也用做表示承担义务的声明，但语气和
强制力比Shall弱。
e.May not（或shall not）：用于禁止性义务，即“不得做什么”。
• 6.Terminology
•cause of action案由defendant 被告appeal 上诉
• damages损失，赔偿金force majeure不可抗力 …
Indemnity n.a promise to protect someone from money lost or goods damaged;赔偿的保证
repayment for this；赔偿金
An insurance contract that promises to pay for the replacement or repair of lost of
damaged goods赔偿物
e.g.to arrange an ~ against loss办理损失赔偿
to demand an ~ for the delayed payment因延期付款要求赔偿
Money demanded by a victorious nation at the end of awar as a condition of peace is an ~.战争结束时，战胜国作为和平条件索取之款项称为“赔款”。
Infringement: violation n.违反；违背；侵犯；侵害
Force majeure: an unexpected and unavoidable event that causes or allows a contract to
be changed or cancelled if it has a force majeure clause.e.g.As a result of force majeure the transaction was not completed.基于不可抗力的因素，交易未能完成。
Arbitration : the settling of a dispute by means of a neutral third party rather than by a
court of law.仲裁（通过中立的第三方不通过法庭解决纠纷）
e.g.They decided to settle the dispute by ~.他们决定通过仲裁解决争议。
Translation requirements
•1.Adequate & precise
•Eg.Unless it is legally or physically impossible, the contractor shall execute and
complete the works and remedy the defects therein in strict accordance with the
contract to the satisfaction of the engineer.•除法律或条件不允许的情况之外，承包方应严格按合同施工和竣工，并改进工作中的任何缺陷，达到工程师满意的程度。
•Party A shall send technicians atParty B’s expense to train Party B’s personnel withindays after signing the Contract.• 甲方应于签约后三十天内派遣技术员培训乙方的人员，有关费用由乙方承担。
•This Contract can only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with
documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.•本合同的修改补充应有双方授权代表签名盖章的文件，才能进行
•合营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国法律、法令和有关条例规定。
•All the activities of the joint venture, shall comply with the provision of the laws,decrees and pertinent regulations of the Republic of China.• 拘役的期限，为十五日以上六个月以下。
•A term of criminal detention shall not be less than 15 days and no more than 6 months.2、expressiveness & smoothness
•合同文本是一种法律文件，属于庄严性文体。翻译商务合同时还应该把规范通
顺视为另一大原则。所谓“规范”，是指译文必须符合法律语言的特点，尽量体现出
契约文体的特点。而所谓“通顺”，是指译文应当符合汉语的语法要求，使译文清晰
易懂。
• During the period from the date of effectiveness to the termination of the Contract, the
two Parties shall hold a meeting very year to discuss problems arising form the execution
of the Contract.原译：在合同生效之日起到合同终止之日的期间内，双方每年举行一次会议，讨论合同
发行中出现的问题。
• 原文在理解上没有什么特别困难的地方，译文意思也算正确，但只对原文逐字逐句
翻译，显得呆板，改译为：
• 本合同有效期间，双方应每年正式会晤一次，以讨论本合同履行期间存在的问题。
• The date of Bill of Lading shall be taken as the conclusive proof of the date of shipment,six(6)days grace shall be allowed for shipment earlier or later than the time agreed
upon by the Parties.In the event of the goods for one order being shipped in more than
one lot, each lot shall be deemed to be a separate sale on Contract.• 原译：提单的日期应为交货日期的最后证明。双方允许交货比约定的时间早交或迟
交六天。一次订货多于一批装运，那么，每批货应被当作是合同的单独买卖。
• 原译文表达累赘，结构松散，不合乎汉语契约文体的简约风格。改译为：
• 交货日期以提单所载日期为准，双方同意在合同约定的交货期的基础上，允许有前
后六天的装运宽限期。若一次订货分批装运，则每一批货为合同项下的单独 买卖。
• One-third of the total amount shall be paid with the order when the Contract is signed,one third by documentary bill when shipment is effected, and the balance by clean bills
when the goods have arrived.• 合同签订时先预付货款总额的三分之一，装船后凭跟单汇票再付三分之一，剩余的三分之一在货物抵达时凭光票一次性付清。
• 译文充分利用添加的横线部分充分表明了原条款的三个付款阶段：交货前、交货时、交货后，使得层次清楚，表达通顺。
合同的订立、生效和履行
• 1.This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party.•此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。
• 2.What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix.• 本合同未尽事宜，可由双方增补作为合同附件。
• 3.本合同一式四份（正副本各两份）自签署后生效
• The Contract is written in quadruplicate(two for original and copy respectively)which
shall become valid on the date of signature.• 4.本合同为中英文两种文本，两种文本具有同等效力。本合同一式两份。自双方签
字（盖章）之日起生效。
• This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which
shall be deemed equally authentic.This contract is in 2 copies effective since being signed by
both parties.•5.Unless the terms or context of this contract otherwise provide, all term used in this
Contract shall have the meanings set out in Schedule A hereto.• 除本合同条款或上下文另有所指，本合同中所有相关用语的定义见附录甲。
•6.it has full authority to enter into this Contract and to perform its obligations
hereunder;
• 该方有全权订立本合同以及履行本合同项下义务；
2.Modification
• 7.债务人将合同的义务全部或者部分转接给第三方的，应当经债权人同意。
•If the debtor intends to transfer all or part of his obligations under the contract to a
third party, consent shall be obtained from the creditor.•Where the obligor delegates its obligations under a contract in whole or in part to a
third party, such delegation shall be subject to the consent of the obligee.• 8.债权人转让权利的，应当通知债务人。未经通知，该转让对债务人不发生效力。
•Any transfer of rights by a creditor shall be notified to the debtor.The transfer
shall not bind the debtor without such notification.•Where the obligee assigns its rights, it shall notify the obligor.Such assignment will
have no effect on the obligor without notice thereof.3.Termination of contracts
• 9.This Contract may be terminated at any time prior to expiration of the Term by the
mutual written contract of the Parties.• 本合同期限届满之前，双方可通过书面协议随时终止本合同。
• 10.This Contract shall terminate upon the expiration of the Term unless extended
pursuant to Article.(Term).• 本合同于合同到期日终止，除非双方按照第[]条（合同期限的续展）的规定续约。
• 11.当事人可以约定一方解除合同的条件。解除合同的条件成就时，解除权人可以
解除合同。
•The parties may agree upon conditions under which either party may terminate the
contract.Upon satisfaction of the conditions, the party who has the right to terminate
may terminate the contract.• 12.Termination of this Agreement for any reason shall be without prejudice to any
right of action vested in either Party at the date of termination.• 本协议无论因何原因终止，不得损害任何一方在终止协议时的任何的行动权利。
• 13.合同的权利义务终止，不影响合同中结算和清理条款的效力。
• The termination of rights and obligations under a contact shall not affect the validity of
clauses that related to the final settlement of accounts and winding-up.4.Liability for Breach of Contract
• 14.当事人双方都违反合同的，应当各自承担相应的责任。
• If both parties breach a contract, each party shall bear its own respective liabilities.• 15.If a party fails to perform its obligations under a contract, or its performance fails to
satisfy the terms of the contract, it shall bear the liabilities for breach of contract such as to continue to perform its obligations, to take remedial measures, or to compensate for losses.• 当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定的，应当承担继续履行、采取补救措施或者赔偿损失等违约责任。
• 5.Applicable law and dispute resolution
• 16.Where other laws provide otherwise in respect of a contract, such provisions shall
prevail.• 其他法律对合同另有规定的，依照其规定。
• 17.本合同的订立、效力、解释、履行受中华人民共和国法律的管辖。
• The formation, validity, interpretation and execution in respect of this contract shall be
governed by the relevant laws of the People's Republic of China.• 18.仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方都有约束力。
•The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.
第五篇：国际商务函电翻译
※我们愿意在平等互利，互通有无的基础上与贵公司建立业务联系
1.We are willing to enter into business relations with your firm on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, and to exchange what on has with what one needs.承蒙中国外贸组织的介绍，我们得知贵公司有意在本地市场做生意
2.Through the courtesy of Chinese External Trade Organization, we have your name as a firm who is interested in doing business with us in this market.我们是世界上最大的丝绸进口商之一。我们过去一直是从日本进口的，现在我们想到中国市场订购
6.Please be informed that we are one of the largest importers of silk in the world.We have been importing this item from Japan and now intend to extend our business to import the same from China.为了使你们对我们可供出口的各类纺织品有一个总的概念，随函寄上样本和价格单各一份，供你们查阅
8.In order to give you a general idea of our various textiles available for export, we are enclosing herewith sample books and a copy of price list for your information.※我们收到你方6月4日对我们电子玩具的询价，现高兴地向你方报盘如下，供你参考
5.We have received your inquiry of June 4 for our electronic toys and now take pleasure in making you the following offer for your consideration 考虑到贵方将开出大量的订单，对于我们最近的报价将允许一定的折扣
10.We will allow certain discount on our recent quotation considering your large order.为了开展双方间具体的业务，我们很高兴向你方报特盘，以我方最后确认的为有效报价
11.In order to start the concrete business between us, we are glad to make you a special offer, subject to our final confirmation.按照你们的要求，我们报50公吨大豆的实盘如下，以自本日起一周之内向你方复到为准
15.At the request of you, we offer you firm, subject to your reply reaching here within one week, 50m/t soybeans as follows.※现附上我方第101号合同正本两份，请会签并早日寄回一份
2.Enclosed please find Contract No.101 in two originals.Please counter sign and return one copy at earliest.你公司2005年9月20日来函内附1000台缝纫机订单一纸已收到。兹附寄第346号销售确认书一式两份，请会签一份以便存档
5.We have received your letter of 20th September 2005 enclosed an order of 1000 sets of sewing machines.We hereby enclose the sales contract No.346 in duplicate.Please countersign and return one copy to us for our file.你方8月14日的来函及随附的订单已受到。兹附寄第235号销售确认书一式两份，请会签一份以便存档
7.Your letter of August 14 and the enclosed order have been received.We are enclosing our Sales Confirmation No.235 in duplicate, one of which please sign and return for our file.请注意，信用证条款与合同条款必须严格相符，以免日后修改
8.Please note that the terms and conditions of / in the L/C must strictly comply with those of / in the contract so as to avoid future amendments.※如能收到贵方订单，我们将非常感谢
1）We shall be pleased to receive your kind orders.应你方要求，我方破例接受即期付款交单方式，但下不为例
5）In compliance with your request, we exceptionally accept delivery against D/P at sight, but this should not be regarded as a precedent.我方将以托收方式开出向你方支取的即期跟单汇票
6）We will draw on you by our documentary draft at sight on collection basis.我们只接受在签约后3天内以电汇预付发票总金额的20%，余下的80%以即期信用证方式付清，要求该信用证必须在装运前15-30天内送达我方
7）We can only accept 20% T/T in advance within 3 days upon signature of the S/C, and the other 80% of the total invoice value shall be made by L/C at sight to reach us 15-30 days before the delivery.※装运期将近，如果能尽快开立以我方为受益人的信用证将不胜感激
1.The date of shipment is approaching, we should be grateful if you will open an L/C in our favor as soon as possible.经详阅，我们对第276号信用证按贵方要求进行了必要的修改 4.On perusal we made necessary amendments to the L/C.按照你方4月10日来信要求，我方已通知银行将信用证展证至10月31日
6.As requested in your letter of 10 April, we have advised the bank to extend the L/C to 31 October.由于我方订不到舱位，我方要求将信用证交货期和有效期分别展期到4月10日和4月25日
7.As we cannot obtain the shipping space, we would like to have the delivery date and validity of L/C extended to 10 April and 25th April respectively.※请确保此包装牢固，足以承受粗鲁的搬运
4.Please be assured that the packing is strong enough to withstand rough handling.我们通常把每件男衬衫装入一个盒子里，半打装一箱，10打装一个木箱
5.We usually pack each piece of men’s shirt in a box, half dozen to a carton and 10 dozen to a wooden case.请把每台电视机装一纸板箱，每4台装一适合于出口的木箱
6．Please pack one TV set to a cardboard box, 4 sets to a wooden case suitable for export.我们要求内包装小巧而精美以有助于销售，外包装轻便而坚固以易于搬运
8.We require the inner packing to be small and exquisite to help sales and the outer packing to be light and strong to be easy to carry.※本函随寄了有关包装和货物价值的一些材料。如果贵方能报从港口到港口一切险的保险费率，本公司不胜感激 4.Details with regards to packing and values are attached, and we would be grateful if you could quote a rate covering all risks from port to port.我们已向中国人民保险公司将100公吨羊毛按发票金额的110%投保一切险，保险费用为3% 6.We’ve covered insurance with the People’s Insurance Company of China on the 100 metric tons of wools for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks at the rate of 3%。
将由我方按照到岸价的发票金额110%办理该货的保险，如果需要，额外增加保险的费用将由买方承担
7.Insurance on the goods shall be covered by us for 110% of the CIF value, and any extra premium for additional coverage, if required, shall be borne by the buyers.很遗憾，我们不能接受这一索赔，因为你们的保险没有包括破碎险
17.Much to our regret, we cannot accept this claim as you have not covered the risk of breakage.※我们没法取得舱位，所以要求转运
1.We cannot obtain the shipping space, so we ask for transshipment.另一种方法就是我们将货物分批装运
2.An alternative is to make partial shipment.开往你地的轮船非常少，我们很难在直达轮上订到舱位
3.As the steamer to your port is few and far between, it is difficult for us to book shipping space on a direct line.第E493号合同和第2864号信用证项下3000台彩电到目前为止仍未收到任何装船消息，这给我们带来很大麻烦 4.We haven’t received any news about shipment of 3,000 sets color TV under contract No.E493 and No.2864, which involve us in big trouble.※经检查发现近30%的包装破烂，显示由于包装不妥所致
2.The inspection found that nearly 30% of the packaging broken, due to packaging is wrong.很遗憾贵方到货的质量与双方商定的不符。由于该货不能出售，对我方也无用，我方向贵方索赔金额xx 3.Unfortunately the inconsistent quality of your arrival to that agreed upon by both parties.Since the goods can not be sold and also useless to us, we place our claims for xx.经目的港复检，维多利亚号运来的羊毛的质量与第3215号合同所规定的完全不符
4.The re-examination of the port of destination shows the quality of the wool shipped in S/S “Victoria” is completely incompatible to that stipulated under No.3215 contract.我方对东风轮装运的1000吨小麦水分过多提出索赔
6.We make claims due to moisture content of 1000 tons of wheat shipped by S/S “Dongfeng” more than the required level.※我们愿意担任你们现行出口商品的代理，因为我们拥有一个广阔的国内市场。
1)We would like to act as your agent for ruling export goods, as we own a wide domestic market./We would like to represent you under agency for your ruling exports, for we retain a great share of our domestic market.代理问题尚在考虑中，希望在现阶段继续努力推销我们的产品
3)The issue of agency is under consideration and we hope you will do your best to push the sale of our products at present stage.对你们想担任独家代理的请求，我们正在仔细考虑。同时，我们很想了解你方推销我们产品的计划
7)We are taking your request of acting as our sole agent into account and at the same time we are keen to know your plan for promoting our products./While taking your request of working as our sole agent under careful examination, we need to learn in detail about your plan to push our products.在产品的广告方面我们尽了很大努力，营业额仍不能令人满意
8)We have done much efforts in advertising the products but the volume of trade is not satisfactory./Though much efforts have been taken in advertising the product, we still feel dissatisfied about out turnover.
点击咨询 