《在林肯纪念堂前的演讲》教案（xiexiebang推荐）

第一篇：《在林肯纪念堂前的演讲》教案（xiexiebang推荐）

我有一个梦

教学目标：

知识目标

1.了解演讲的背景及主要内容。

2.在反复诵读中体会比喻。排比等修辞手法的运用。

能力目标

1.揣縻重要词句，结合文体特点与语境辨析。品味语言的深层含义和表达作用，提高理解能力。

2.体会全文激情飞扬、极富感召力的语言特点，并学习运用到写作中去，提高语言表达能力。

德育目标

1.体悟马丁路德.金的那种生命不息、为人民请命不止的崇高献身精神

2.自由、平等、民主是人类追求的一个永恒主题，我们应树立远大的理想，为崇高而伟大的事业奋斗。

教学重点：

1.结合语境，联系时代背景，揣摩重点语段和词语的深层含义及强烈的感情色彩。

2.比喻、排比等修辞手法的运用。

教学难点：

1.对本文背景的了解和认识。

2.深层理解本文演讲后产生的意义及其影响。

教学课时：二课时

第一课时

[教学要点]

作者及背景简介;朗读课文，整体感知文意；精读课文，理清全文思路。

一、导语设计

同学们，如果我们在这儿提到一个国家的名字，我想大家一定非常熟悉.不过在没有讲出这个国家的名字之前，我想到一些人的名字：比尔·盖茨、麦克尔·乔丹、麦克尔·杰克逊、林肯„„另外，还有“9·11”。无疑这个国家的名字是“美国”。看来同学们对美国是十分熟悉的。可是，我在问，我们对美国的社会现状有多少了解呢?我们又对占美国人口12.5%的黑人生活现状有多少了解呢?那么，今天我们将通过一个窗口来对美国社会现状作一个初步的认识，这就是我们今天要共同学习的一篇非常重要也极其优美的演讲词——《我有一个梦想》。

二、作者与背景介绍

1、作者介绍

马丁·路德·金（1929~1968），是美国一位重要的政治领袖。曾获1964年诺贝尔和平奖。他为美国黑人的政治权利而斗争，从而为世界其他地区树立了榜样。他带给人们的启示是黑人不应该被隔离，而应受到像其他人一样的待遇，而且应该受到完全的尊重。他政治主张的核心是非暴力主义。

1929年，马丁·路德·金诞生于美国东南部的佐治亚洲的亚特兰大市。他是一位基教牧师的儿子，小时候他喜欢打篮球网球，特别喜欢踢足球。他把大量时间用来读书，为了赚点钱读书，他还送报纸。他喜欢广交朋友，而不喜欢任何形式的打斗。15岁时他获得入学成绩优秀奖而进入北方某州的一所大学深造。黑人在那里享有平等的权利，可以像他们所希望的那样自由地生活、学习和工作。1948年他大学毕业，担任教会的牧师。当时在南部各州，黑人还没有受到平等的公民待遇。虽然美国在1865年学结束了奴隶制，然而南部各州.通过了它们自已的法律，继续把白人和黑人分开。法律禁止黑人和白人通婚；在商店、饭店、医院、公共汽车和火车里都有为黑人设置的隔离区；黑人儿童在单独为黑人开设的学校上学；花在黑人儿童身上的教育经费只及白人儿童的四分之一；南部各州的黑人没有选举权，如果他们想要参加选举，就得通过一项阅读测验。

1948年到1951年间，马丁·路德·金在美国东海岸的费城继续深造。他毕业后相信，如果人们得不到民权，那么要求社会变革则是正确的。也是必要的，他认为，可以通过和平革命达到社会变革的目的，而不通过战争和杀戮，在他的一生中，他迫使政府解放美国黑人，给他们平等到的权利。

1964年他获得了诺贝尔和平奖。他将全部奖金（54，600美元）献给了自由运动。1964年通过了新的民权法案，规定凡是接受美国政府资助的组织都必须平等地对待黑人。1965年一项新的选举权法案成这法律.从那以后，所有黑人都享有选举权。

由于马丁·路德·金从事黑人解放运动的工作，所以树敌众多。有一次，一枚炸弹爆炸，毁了他的房屋。1968年4月18日——一个永远值得被所有人记住的日子，马丁·路德·金在田纳西州孟菲斯城被种族主义者刺杀身亡。

2、背景简介

1955年12月1日，一位名叫罗莎·帕克斯的黑人妇女在阿拉伯乘坐公共汽车，坐到“白人专坐”的区域内。她拒绝挪动座位，而被警察带走。于是成立了一个组织，要求公共汽车公司改变这种不公正的做法，马丁·路德·金被推荐为这个组织的领头人。他们在市内散发了好多传单，传单说：“你去上班时，请乘公租车去，或搭别人的车去，或步行。”整整一年里，黑人拒绝乘坐市内公共汽车。马丁·路德·金号召黑人不要停止，而要继续斗争。他的房子被子人毁坏了，有段时间他的生命也受到威胁，最后该州首府律师说，公共汽车公司无权在车上把黑人和白人公开。

1963年，马丁·路德·金晋见了肯尼迪总统，要求通过新的民权法，给黑人以平等的权利。然后他又在阿拉巴马州的伯明翰领导了一场新的革命。此地黑人的住房情况很糟，黑人参加工作的机会极少，而且只有25%的黑人有选举权。革命过程中，马丁·路德·金被子关进了监狱。他说：“我们已经为我们的权利等了三十年！”斗争在继续，一周后所有的监狱都关满了人，黑人的革命赢得了全国的支持。最后，公共场所都对黑人开放，所有被关押的参加游行的黑人都被释放了。

1963年8月28日，华盛顿特区组织了一次二十五万人的集会，要求种族平等。马丁`路德金向成千上万的黑人发表了一篇演说，这篇演说词立即举世闻名。他讲话没有讲话稿，他把自已对前途的看法用充满激情的语言告诉了云集的听众，这就是“我有一个梦想”。

三、学生大声读课文，教师根据演讲词的特点，结合演讲的内容、场合、对象，设计相应的问题，引导学生深入理解课文，从而整体把握文意。

1、教师提问：

朗读课文后，参考《练与考》P80，回答以下问题

（1）这一次演讲是针对什么人的？

（2）这一次演讲的时间、地点和场合各是什么？

（3）这次演讲涉及哪些内容？

（4）这次演讲想达到什么目的？

2、学生分组讨论，指定学生发言。

明确：（1）主要是针对美国黑人，同时也包括美国政府。

（2）这一次演讲的时间是1963年月28日；地点是在华盛顿广场；场合，在华盛顿特区组织二十五万人的集会上。

（3）要求自由、平等。

（4）进一步推动黑人要求自由、公正、平等的运动，加快实现理想的步伐。

第二课时

[教学要点]

了解作者的“梦想”以及表达的方式；掌握演讲的技巧和基本要求。

文章内容结构

1、思想内容

揭示黑人生活的悲惨现实，借助于梦想的形式，呼唤种族平等，以真正实现美国立国之根本精神：人人生而平等。

一、借助《练与考》，划分结构层次

课文分为四个部分

第一部分：第1节：导语，由眼前情景说起，同时力图把人们带入伟人营造的辉煌之中，让人们感受到汹涌的时代潮流和长夜将近的黎明曙光。揭示了在林肯纪念堂前发表这样的演说具有特殊的意义。

第二部分：第2~3节：揭示黑人在种族歧视的社会中非人的境地。100年前，林肯总统颁布的《解放宣言》使奴隶们见到了希望，但今天，宣言没有达到初衷，社会依然存在着种族隔离的现象。“一百年后的今天”作反复，将黑人的悲惨现实昭之于世。

第三部分：第4~10节：用虚论实的形式，将自己美好的愿望托付于梦——即描绘出一幅美好的理想蓝图，呼唤人人平等的社会。反复描述“我有一个梦”的情景，形成画面群，渲染主题。借助梦境的虚，避免了直接抨击政府而招致麻烦，又发人联想，赢得正义人士的同情和支持。大量拟人、反复、排比、比喻的修辞，激发人们对光明的向往，产生催人奋进的力量。

第四部分：第11~15节：呼唤人们为理想而奋斗。

二、重点段落赏析：

（一）赏读第1自然段，讨论（1）“伟大的美国人”指谁？（2）什么是《解放黑奴宣言》？（3）本段落的意义和作用是什么？

明确：伟大的美国人——林肯，美国总统(1861—1865)，共和党人。曾任律师，主张维护联邦统一，逐步废除奴隶制度，当选总统后，南方各州相继宣布脱离联邦，内战爆发。战争的初期，曾竭力设法与南方诸州妥协，遭拒绝；在群众运动高涨和军事失利的情况下，1862年开始采取革命措施，颁布《宅地法》和《解放黑奴宣言》，使战争成为群众性的革命斗争，保证了战争的胜利。内战结束时，即被南方奴隶主指使的暴徒刺杀。

《解放黑奴宣言》，美国南北战争期间林肯总统于1862年９月22日颁布的宣言，它规定自1863年１月１日起，南方叛乱各州的黑人奴隶成为自由人，但没有明确废除奴隶制，也没有规定给黑人以土地。宣言当时受到国内外人民群众的支持，并使战争形势转向有利于北方。1856年的宪法修正案的第十三条例废除了奴隶制，但战争后的黑人依然受到歧视。

由此可见，本次的游行集会目的很清楚，就是要求自由，要求平等，而这个主题早在一个世纪前就被当时的一位伟人写在了《解放黑奴宣言》里，而时至今日，黑人的权利不能够得到保障。因此有必要重提历史，一方面表示对政府的不满，另一方面昭示听众：我们并非

无理取闹；我们必须奋斗，也许前边的路还很长。

（二）赏读课文的第4~10段，作者具体叙述自己的“梦想”。

（1）学生朗读课文，从6个小节中，圈划能体现作者“梦想”的词语或者句子

（生而平等、亲如兄弟、自由和公正、以品格为论人准绳、如同兄弟姐妹一般、万众公沐天主恩）

（2）根据圈划的词语或者句子，归纳作者的梦想

（梦想指的是：平等、和平、自由、公正、公平）

（3）学生再次朗读以上段落，进一步体会内容和情感。特别要注意排比句式在演讲中的重要作用。

三、总结归纳演讲词的特点

初中学过闻一多先生的《最后一次演讲》，今天又学习了黑人领袖马丁·路德·金的《我有一个梦想》。由感性认识，我们可以上升到理性认识，归纳一下演讲词的基本特点。

演讲词为了增强语势，提高感召力，使感情更加充沛，它有“三多”：即多用整句，多用短句，多用修辞。

用整句。如本文中“现在是„„时候”构成排比，气势强大，情感扑面而来。

多用短句，呼唤语等，富于感召力，极具煽情性。

多用比喻、排比、反问，增加感染力。如本文中“一百年后的今天，黑人仍生活要物质充裕的海洋中的一个穷困的孤岛上”，“我梦想有一天，甚至连密西西比州这个正义匿迹。压迫成风，如同沙漠般的地方，也将变成自由和正义的绿洲”。由此可见，演讲词是颇讲究艺术性的。

除了语言方面的特点，在内容方面的特点，我们已了然于胸，那就是针对性、逻辑性、思想性。演讲需要真情，演讲无需作秀。谁顺应时代，谁代表大众的心声，谁就是讲坛上的主宰者。危急关头，想民所想，讲民所不敢讲，乃是演讲的第一要义，是演讲的生命之源。舍此则为缘木求鱼。

四、课堂小结

本文情感充沛，词句优美，设计喻巧妙，感召力强。作者以回顾历史开端，以揭示黑人现实生活为主要内容，以展望美好的末来而结。全文思路明晰，富有逻辑性。整个演讲词，不仅体现了作者的才情，更展示了作者高远的追求与不屈的精神。愿同学们也树立远大的理想，勤奋学习，早日成材，为伟大祖国的繁荣及人类的进步做出贡献。

五、布置作业。

1、有表情地朗读课文。

2、仿照课文中的排比格式写一段话。

板书设计

我有一个梦

一、马丁·路德·金美国黑人民权运动领袖

二、课文背景

三、马丁·路德·金的梦想：平等、和平、自由、公正、公平

四、演讲稿的特点：多用整句、短句、修辞（排比、比喻、对比）

第二篇：奥巴马总统就职典礼前林肯纪念堂演讲

奥巴马总统就职典礼前林肯纪念堂演讲

I want to thank all the speakers and performers for reminding us, through song and through words, just what it is that we love about America.And I want to thank all of you for braving the cold and the crowds and traveling in some cases thousands of miles to join us here today.Welcome to Washington, and welcome to this celebration of American renewal.In the course of our history, only a handful of generations have been asked to confront challenges as serious as the ones we face right now.Our nation is at war.Our economy is in crisis.Millions of Americans are losing their jobs and their homes;they're worried about how they'll afford college for their kids or pay the stack of bills on their kitchen table.And most of all, they are anxious and uncertain about the future--about whether this generation of Americans will be able to pass on what's best about this country to our children and their children.I won't pretend that meeting any one of these challenges will be easy.It will take more than a month or a year, and it will likely take many.Along the way there will be setbacks and false starts and days that test our fundamental resolve as a nation.But despite all of this--despite the enormity of the task that lies ahead--I stand here today as hopeful as ever that the United States of America will endure, that it will prevail, that the dream of our founders will live on in our time.What gives me hope is what I see when I look out across this mall.For in these monuments are chiseled those unlikely stories that affirm our unyielding faith--a faith that anything is possible in America.Rising before us stands a memorial to a man who led a small band of farmers and shopkeepers in revolution against the army of an Empire, all for the sake of an idea.On the ground below is a tribute to a generation that withstood war and depression--men and women like my grandparents who toiled on bomber assembly lines and marched across Europe to free the world from tyranny's grasp.Directly in front of us is a pool that still reflects the dream of a King, and the glory of a people who marched and bled so that their children might be judged by their character's content.And behind me, watching over the union he saved, sits the man who in so many ways made this day possible.And yet, as I stand here today, what gives me the greatest hope of all is not the stone and marble that surrounds us today, but what fills the spaces in between.It is you--Americans of every race and region and station who came here because you believe in what this country can be and because you want to help us get there.It is the same thing that gave me hope from the day we began this campaign for the presidency nearly two years ago;a belief that if we could just recognize ourselves in one another and bring everyone together--Democrats, Republicans, independents;Latino, Asian and Native American;black and white, gay and straight, disabled and not--then not only would we restore hope and opportunity in places that yearned for both, but maybe, just maybe, we might perfect our union in the process.This is what I believed, but you made this belief real.You proved once more that people who love this country can change it.And as I prepare to assume the presidency, yours are the voices I will take with me every day when I walk into that Oval Office--the voices of men and women who have different stories but hold common hopes;who ask only for what was promised us as Americans--that we might make of our lives what we will and see our children climb higher than we did.It is this thread that binds us together in common effort;that runs through every memorial on this mall;that connects us to all those who struggled and sacrificed and stood here before.It is how this nation has overcome the greatest differences and the longest odds--because there is no obstacle that can stand in the way of millions of voices calling for change.That is the belief with which we began this campaign, and that is how we will overcome what ails us now.There is no doubt that our road will be long, that our climb will be steep.But never forget that the true character of our nation is revealed not during times of comfort and ease, but by the right we do when the moment is hard.I ask you to help reveal that character once more, and together, we can carry forward as one nation, and one people, the legacy of our forefathers that we celebrate today.Thank you, America.God bless you.

第三篇：林肯演讲

The Gettysburg Address

Abraham Lincoln

Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battlefield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of it as the final resting place of those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this, but in a larger sense we cannot dedicate –we cannot consecrate –we cannot hallow this ground.The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work that they have thus far so nobly advanced.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us,that from those honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion;that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain;that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.最后一句参考译文如下：

在此，我们将献身于有待我们去完成的伟大事业，即我们将更加致力于完成先烈们曾为之献身的这一事业，即在此我们将下定决心，不使先烈的鲜血白流，即这个国家在上帝的庇佑之下，必将得到自由的新生,一个民有、民治、民享的政府，必将永世长存。

这一段是这样翻译出来的：

(1)It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us─(2)that from those honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause(3)for which they gave the last full measure of devotion─(2)that we here highly resolve

(3)that these dead shall not have died in vain─(2)that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom─(2)and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perishfrom the earth.分析：

这是林肯总统的“Gettysburg Address”中最后、最重要、也是最长的一句话。词句虽稍长，并列结构多，但层次还是清楚的，一目了然。层次也不是很复杂，全句只有三个层次：主句，在全句的开始，前面标有（1）；从句，在每个“──”号之后，前面标有（2），表示第二个层次，共有四个；从句中的从句，前面标有（3），表示第三个层次，共有两个。关键是弄清这几层之间的关系：第二层次的四个并列从句皆为task 的同位语从句；第一个第三层次的从句为 cause 的定语从句，第二个则为 resolve 的宾语从句。每个层次还有一些其它结构，如 government 后就有三个著名于世的并列的 of 短语作定语，就不一一分析了。注意全句末尾反译（反面正译）手段的运用，比较原句反面的表达：“必不致从地球上消灭。”

参考译文：

主讲：亚伯拉罕·林肯

时间：1863年11月19日

地点：美国，宾夕法尼亚，葛底斯堡

八十七年以前，我们的祖先在这大陆上建立了一个国家，它孕育于自由，并且献身给一种理念，即所有人都是声来平等的。

当前，我们正在从事一次伟大的内战，我们在考验，究竟这个国家，或任何一个有这种主张和这种信仰的国家，是否能长久存在。我们在那次战争的一个伟大的战场上集会。我们来到这里，奉献那个战场上的一部分土地，作为在此地为那个国家的生存而牺牲了自己生命的人的永久眠息之所。我们这样做，是十分合情合理的。

可是，就更深一层意义而言，我们是无从奉献这片土地的--无从使它成为圣地--也不能把它变为人们景仰之所。那些在这里战斗的勇士，活着的和死去的，已使这块土地神圣化了，远非我们的菲薄能力所能左右。世人会不大注意，更不会长久记得我们在此地所说的话，然而他们将永远忘不了这些人在这里所做的事。相反，我们活着的人应该献身于那些曾在此作战的人们所英勇推动而尚未完成的工作。我们应该在此献身于我们面前所留存的伟大工作--由于他们的光荣牺牲，我们要更坚定地致力于他们曾作最后全部贡献的那个事业--我们在此立志宣誓，不能让他们白白死去--要使这个国家在上帝的庇佑之下，得到新生的自由--要使那民有、民治、民享的政府不致从地球上消失。(翻译可能不很准确，如要准确，请查询专业书籍)

第四篇：林肯演讲

Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new Nation, conceived inLiberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now, we are engaged in a great Civil War, testing whether that Nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battlefield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who gave their lives that Nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract.The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us;that from these honored dead, we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion;that this Nation, under GOD, shall have a new birth of freedom;and that government of the People by the People and for the People shall not perish from the earth."

87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者任何一个孕育于自由和奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命，我们来到这里，是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且是非常恰当的。

但是，从更广泛的意义上来说，这块土地我们不能够奉献，不能够圣化，不能够神化。那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们，活着的和去世的，已经把这块土地圣化了，这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。我们今天在这里所说的话，全世界不大会注意，也不会长久地记住，但勇士们在这里所做过的事，全世界却永远不会忘记。毋宁说，倒是我们这些还活着的人，应该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前推进但尚未完成的事业。倒是我们应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务——我们要从这些光荣的死者身上汲取更多的献身精神，来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业；我们要在这里下定最大的决心，不让这些死者白白牺牲；我们要使国家在上帝福佑下得到自由的新生，要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。亚伯拉罕.林肯

第五篇：林肯演讲分析

Analyze all the sentences in this article.Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battle field of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground.The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.The first sentence is a simple sentence.In this sentence ,” “four score and seven years ago ” is a adverbial phrase as a adverbial.“our fathers”is a noun phrase as the subject.“brought fouth” is a verb phrase as the predicate verb.“on this continent” is a adverbial phrase as a adverbial.“a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” is a noun phrase as the object.The second sentence is a simple sentence.In this sentence, “now” is a adverbial.“we” is the subject.“are engaged in” is a verb phrase as the predicate verb.“ a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure” is a noun phrase as the adverbial.The third sentence is a simple sentence.In this sentence, “we” is the subject.“are met” is a verb phrase as the predicate verb.“on a great battlefield of that war” is a preposition as a adverbial.The fourth sentence is a simple sentence.In this sentence, “we” is the subject.“have come” is a verb phrase as the predicate verb.“to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live” is a complex clause as a adverbial.The fifth sentence is a simple sentence.In this sentence, “it” is a empty subject.“is” is linking verb as the predicate verb.“altogether fitting and proper” is a adjective phrase as the complement.“that we should do this” is the subject.The sixth sentence is a compound sentence.In this sentence, “but in a larger sense”is a preposition phrase as a adverbial.“we” is the subject.“can not dedicate” “ can not consecrate” “can not hallow” are verb phrases as predicate verbs.“this ground” is a noun phrase as the object.The seventh sentence is a simple sentence made up of a non-finite clause “living and dead” and a finite clause “who struggled here” and a main clause.In the main clause, “the brave men” is a noun phrase as the subject.“have consecrated” is a verb phrase as the predicate verb.“it” is the object.“far above our poor power” is a preposition phrase as a objective complement.“ to add or detract” is a non-finite clause as a adverbial.The eighth sentence is a compound sentence.In this sentence, “the world” is a noun phase as the subject.“will little note nor long remember” and “can never forget” are verb phrases as predicate verbs.“what we say here” and “what we did here” are finite clauses as objects.The ninth sentence is a simple sentence consist of a non-finite clause “to be dedicated here to the unfinished work” and a finite clause “which they fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.In this sentence, “it” is the empty subject.“is” a linking verb as the predicate verb.“for us” is a preposition phrase as a complement.“the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced” is a simple clause as the subject.The tenth sentence is a compound sentence.In this sentence, “it” is a empty subject.“is rather for us to be here dedicated to” is a verb phrase as the predicate verb.“the great task remaining before us” is a noun phrase as the object.“that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” Is a compound clause as the subject.