新课标英语八年级上册第一单元知识点汇总

时间:2019-05-13 21:54:35下载本文作者:会员上传
简介:写写帮文库小编为你整理了多篇相关的《新课标英语八年级上册第一单元知识点汇总》,但愿对你工作学习有帮助,当然你在写写帮文库还可以找到更多《新课标英语八年级上册第一单元知识点汇总》。

第一篇:新课标英语八年级上册第一单元知识点汇总

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?

一、重要短语归纳

1.go on vacation去度假 2.stay at home待在家里

3.go to the mountains去爬山 4.go to the beach去海滩

5.visit museum参观博物馆 6.go to summer camp去参观夏令营 7.quite a few相当多 8.study for为……而学习

9.go out出去 10.most of the time大部分时间 11.taste good尝起来很好吃 12.come up出来,发生

13.of course当然 14.feel like给……的感觉;感受到 15.go shopping去购物 16.in the past在过去

17.walk around四处走走 18.because of因为

19.one bowl of… 一碗…… 20.the next day第二天

21.drink tea喝茶 22.find out找出;查明

23.go on继续 24.take photos照相

25.something important重要的事 26.up and down上上下下

27.have a good time玩得高兴=enjoy oneself=have great fun

二、语法专项 1.复合不定代词

①定义

a)复合不定代词由some;any;no;every和body;thing;one构成的合成词。

即:复合不定代词:something, somebody, someone;anything, anybody, anyone,nothing, nobody, no one;everything, everybody, everyone b)它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。②用法

(1)受定语修饰时,定语应置于其后。

如:Tell us something interesting.给我们讲点有趣的事。There was nobody tired.没有一个人很累。There is nothing to eat.这里没有吃的东西。

(2)指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his(不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their.如:If anybody /anyone comes, ask him /them to wait.要是有人来,让他等着。

(3)anyone, everyone, someone, no one: a)只能指人,不能指物;b)且其后一般不接of 短语。

c)若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one, every one(即分开写)。③考点要求

(1)自身的意义以及对句式的要求:构成复合不定代词的两个部分分别表示不同的意义和对句式的要求以及考虑其表人还是表物。body用来表人;thing用来表物;one既可表人也可表物。some表示“某”,用于肯定陈述句或用情态动词引导的问句中; any表示“某”,用于否定句或问句; no表示“没有”,用于肯定句说明否定意义; every表示“每一”,用于肯定句或问句。

(2)主谓一致性关系:复合不定代词任何时候都看为单数,作主语时,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。

如:错:Everybody in our class are interested in English.对:Everybody in our class is interested in English.(3)定语后置关系:对复合不定代词进行修饰的词语必须后置放在它的后面。

如:错:I have important something to tell you.对:I have something important to tell you.(4)none和其它复合不定代词的用法区别:none在句中不能单独作主语,但可同of连用带名词一起作主语;

其它复合不定代词可单独作主语,但不能同of连用。如:错:He is new here, so none knows him.对:He is new here, so no one knows him.错:Nobody of them has been to England before.对:None of them has been to England before..(5)代换复合不定代词的人称代词:在使用人称代词代换复合不定代词时,应考虑其表人还是表物。表人时,用they代换;表物时,用it代换。

如:Something is wrong with your computer, isn’t it? Nobody has been there before, have they? 2.一般过去时的规则动词与不规则动词 1)规则变化

①直接加ed:work--worked

②以e结尾的单词,直接加d:live---lived ③以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed:study---studied ④以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed:enjoy---enjoyed ⑤以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed: stop---stopped 2)不规则变化

练习:用动词正确形式填空

1.I _________(have)an exciting party last weekend.2.---_________ she _________(practice)her guitar yesterday?---No, she _________.3.---What ________ Tom ________(do)on Saturday evening?

---He ________(watch)TV and __________(read)an interesting book.4.They all _________(go)to the mountains yesterday morning.5.She _________(not visit)her aunt last weekend.She ________(stay)at home and _________(do)some cleaning.单项选择

1.—what did you do on vacation? —I ________ to New York city.a.go b.going c.went d.goes 2.They helped me _______my books.a.finded b.find c.found d.finding 3.what _____you _______last night? a.did, do b.do, do c.did, doing d.are, do 4.—where did she go on vacation? —she ______to the beach.a.go b.goes c.went d.going 5.Did he go to central park? Yes, he ________.a.did b.didn’t c.do d.does 在使用不定代词的时候要注意:

(1)some 和any 既可修饰_________ 又可修饰__________。Some 多用于________ 句中,而any 多用于________、________、__________句中。但是,在Would you like some tea? 这类问句中则用_________,而不用________.这是因为_________________________.(2)_______ ________ _________ 都表示很多,但________ 只修饰可数名词复数,much 只修饰____________ , __________ 既可接可数名词复数,又可与不可数名词连用。(3)回顾 few, a few, little, a little 的用法区别

(4)由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语时,都做 ________ 看待,其谓语动词用__________________.(5)不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要____________.练习题见书上P3

第二篇:仁爱版英语八年级上册第一单元知识点小结

Unit 1

Are you going to play basketball? 本课重点的语法:{一般将来时态} ▼be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情。表示准备,打算做某事 用法:be going to +V原形

例句:He is going to write a letter tonight.I am going to play basketball.重点短语:

(1)see sb do sth 看见某人做了某事(强调看见动作的全过程)

see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事(强调看见动作正在进行的一部分)

例句 I often see Tom play basketball on the playground.我经常看见汤姆在操场上打篮球

I saw Tom playing basketball on the playground yesterday.我昨天看见汤姆正在操场上打篮球。

类似的词还有:hear,watch,(2)almost 副词 adv.意为“几乎,差不多” 用法:放在be动词前,动词之后。

例句:Supper is most ready.晚饭就要好了。

I most fell off my bike.我几乎从自行车上摔下来。(3)cheer sb.on 为某人喝彩

例句:I cheer him on.我为他喝彩。

(4)against 介词 pre.对着,反对

play against 与„„抗衡/较量 例句:We are against the war.我们反对战争。

We play against the red team.我们与红队较量。(5)prefer 较喜欢,更喜欢; 用法:prefer+Ving/名词/代词

例句:I prefer playing basketball.我更喜欢打篮球。

I prefer the white dog.我更喜欢这只白狗。

I prefer it.我更喜欢它。

词组:prefer„„to „„喜欢„„不喜欢„„

例句:His brother prefers English to math.他的哥哥喜欢英语而不喜欢数学。I prefer play basketball to play football.(注意此时是用原形)(6)both „„and„„两个都;即„„又„„(后面的谓语动词用复数形式)例句:Both Yaoming and Yijianlian play basketball in the NBA.(对)

Both Yaoming and Yijianlian plays basketball in the NBA.(错)(7)dream of/about 梦见◆注意of/about 是介词,后面的动词要加ing 例句:Last night I dreamed of flying in the sky.(8)give up+Ving/名词/代词意为“放弃” 例句:He gives up smoking.I don’t give up English.Don’t give it up.◆注意代词放中间(9)感叹句 What + a +感情色彩的名词!

例句:What a pity!=What a shame!多有趣啊!(10)take part in 参加,加入

join 参加,加入

◆take part in指加入比赛或者活动

join一般指加入„„组织 例句:She took part in running.她参加跑步运动。

He joined the army in 1995.他在1995年参军。

(11)spend+时间 on sth /(in)doing sth 花费时间在某事上/花费时间在做某事上 例句:He spent one hour on the book.He spent two hours(in)doing his homework.(12)exercise 作:动词,名词(不可数),锻炼

例句:She dose morning exercise every day.(作名词)

She exercises every day.(作动词)

(13)be good at+doing sth / 名词=do well in 擅长做某事 例句:I am good at English.He is good at playing baskerball.(14)be good for 对„„有益,有好处 be bad for 对„„有害,不好

例句:Exercise is good for your health.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.同类的词组还有:be good to sb 对某人好

be bad to sb 对某人不好 例句:The English teacher is good to us.(15)keep fit = keep healthy 保持健康 health(健康,名词)

healthy(健康的,形容词)

healthily(健康地,副词)

(16)relax 放松词组:relax oneself 使自己放松 例句:Stop and relax yourself.(17)arrive in +大地方

(北京,上海,厦门,美国„„)arrive at + 小地方(village 小村庄„„)get to +地点到达某地 reach+地点到达某地

◆上述词后跟home, here, there, back时,都不用介词。后面无地点时用arrive。(18)excited 激动的,兴奋的,用来修饰人

exciting 令人激动的,使人兴奋的,用来修饰物

区别:We are excited to hear the good news.听到这个好消息我们很兴奋。

It is an exciting story.这是个令人兴奋的故事。

类似的词还有:interested 和 interesting

bored 和boring

tired 和tiring(19)leave for sp.动身前往某地

leave for Shanghai 动身前往上海

leave sp.for.sp 离开某地去某地leave Beijing for Shanghai 离开北京去上海(20)for +一段的时间

Stay for two weeks.(两星期是一段的时间)(21)all over the world 全世界

(22)hope to do sth(希望做什么)

hope + 句子(希望的事情,实现的可能性大)wish sb sth(希望某人某事)

wish sb to do sth(希望某人干什么)

wish+句子(希望的事情,实现的可能性小表虚拟语气)I hope to become/ be a teacher.I hope he will become a teacher.I wish you good luck.I wish him to become/ be a teacher.I wish I were a bird.单项选择

1.She prefers ______ basketball.A.play

B.to playing C.playing

D.plays 2.— ______ do you play sports? — Once a week.A.How long

B.How often C.How many

D.How much 3.______ makes your body strong.A.Runing

B.Running C.To run

D.Runner 4.______ more sports and you can ______ next year.A.Do, be health

B.Doing, health C.Do, be healthy D.Doing, healthy 5.They are _______ Beijing tomorrow.A.leave for

B.will leave for C.leaving for D.going to leaving for 6.He will be back ______ four days.A.after B.in C.from

D.to 7.Lily _ the long jump, and she jumped very far.A.join

B.joined

C.takes part in

D.took part in

8.Cycling can make your body _.A.strong

B.strongly

C.be strong

D.to be strong 9.He will __ Beijing tomorrow morning, if the train isn’t late.A.reached

B.get

C.arrive at

D.arrive in 10.I am good at ____ basketball.A.to play

B.play C.playing D.to playing 11.Ann ________ mountains tomorrow morning.A.is climbing

B.climb

C.is going to climb

D.climbs 12.I saw Tom often _____ with his father during the summer.A.swims

B.swam

C.swim

D.swimming 13.Running is a good way ________ fit.A.keeps

B.to keep

C.keeping

D.kept 14.He prefers _____ on the weekend.A.go shopping B.going shop C.going shopping D.to go shopping 15.______my father _______mother are wokers.A.All;of

B.Both;and

C.Either;of

D.Neither;nor Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water

本课重点语法:1.Would you mind doing „„?你介意„„吗?请你„„好吗? 其否定形式为:Would you mind not doing „„?

2.Would you mind if +从句?如果„„你介意吗? 回答时可以用:用yes 或者no 回答

例如:No, not at all./ Certainly not./ Of course not.不介意,当然可以。

I am sorry, but „„对不起,但是„„

Yes, you’d better not.是的,你最好不要。

例句:Would you mind opening windows?你介意打开窗户吗?

Would you mind my opening windows? 你介意我打开窗户吗?

Would you mind if I open windows? 如果我打开窗户,你介意吗?

3.Could you please + V 原型? = Would you please + V 原型?请你„„好吗? 例句:Could you please give me some water ? 请你给我些水好吗? — Sure./ Of course.好啊,当然可以。重点短语:

do sb.a favor = help sb.= give sb.a hand 帮助某人

one of „„意为“„„中的一个”后面接可数名词的复数,但谓语动词用单数。例句:One of the girls is my sister.这些女孩中的其中一个是我的妹妹.fall ill 生病

be glad to do sth.乐意做某事

例句:I am glad to help you.我很乐意帮助你。practice 练习

用法:practice sth/ doing sth/ 代词

例句:You can practice speaking English every day.(6)be late 迟到例句:I am late.He/She is late./ You are late.be late for 做„„迟到例句:I am late for school.我上学迟到了。(7)manage 管理,经营,处理

用法: manage sb./ sth.例句:She manages the hotel well.她把旅馆管理得井井有条。

Manage to do sth.设法做成某事

例句:She manages to climb the mountain.她设法爬上这座山。

(8)need ①v.需要②情态动词时,无人称和数的变化,意为“必须”后面跟V 原型 用法:need to do sth.需要做某事

need sth.需要某物 例句:He needs some help.他需要一些的帮助。(做动词)注意不要弄混淆

He need finish the homework.他必须要完成家庭作业。(做情态动词)(9)do one’s best to do sth.= try one’s best to do sth.努力去做某事 例句:I will do/try my best to study English.(10)believe sb.相信某人(所说的话)

believe in sb.信任某人

例句:I believe him, but I can not believe in him.我相信他的话,但是我不信任他。(11)keep doing sth.坚持做某事

keep sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事

keep on doing sth.继续干某事(12)be angry with sb.生某人的气

例句:Don’t be angry with others.不要总是对别人生气。(13)with the help of sb.= with one’s help 在某人的帮助下

例句:With the help of the teacher, he did better.= With teacher’s help, he did better.(14)be sure(that)+从句意为:确信

be sure to do sth.确信要做某事

be sure about sth.对某事确信 例句:I am sure that you can do well in the middle exam.I am sure to finish the task.I am not sure about the answer.(15)turn down 把„„调小

turn up 把„„调大

turn on/off 打开/关闭

(16)hear sb.do sth 听见某人做某事

hear sb.doing sth 听见某人正在做某事(17)be important to sb.对某人是重要的(18)busy adj.忙碌的

用法:be busy with sth.be busy doing sth.(19)enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事

例句: He joins reading very much.他非常喜欢读书。(20)have a history of + 时间段表示有多长的历史 例句:China has a history of more than 5000 years.(21)a 15-year-old girl 一个15岁的女孩(注意year 没有加S)(22)系动词有 get, turn, make, sound, 这些系动词的后面跟形容词

get tired/hungry 感到疲劳/变饿

turn green 变绿

make strong 变的强壮

sound interesting 听起来很有趣(23)instead of 代替„„

例句:Let’s stay at home watching TV instead of going to the movie.(24)have fun =enjoy oneself =have a good time 玩得高兴,玩得愉快

have great fun doing sth.非常快乐的做某事 相关联系,单项选择

Would you mind if I shut(关)the door? A.Yes, please.B.Ok.Do as you like

C.That’s all right.D.Of course not.Do please.2.Do you mind ____ up the music?

A.to turn

B.turning

C.turn

D to turning 3.Learning English well is important ___ you.A.for

B.to

C.of

D.with

4.Would you mind if _________my bike here? A.I put

B.I putting

C.me put

D.my putting

5.Your MP4 is nice.Where did you buy ____ ? I want to buy ________.A one, one

B it, it

C it , one

D.one, it

6.Ann is only _______________ girl, but she can speak English well.A.8—years---old

B.a 8—years old

C.an 8—year---old

D.8 years old 7.Li Ping did not go shopping.He went skating _________.A.of instead

B instead of

C instead

D take the place 8.Do you mind __________ the window ?

A.I close

B.I closing

C.me close

D.my closing 9.I want to be a basketball player.So I enjoy ______ basketball every day.A.practice to play

B.play the C.practicing playing

D playing the 10.Could you please ____ me around ?------Sure.A.to follow

B.follow

C.following

D followed

11.______ the help of mother, I can cook(煮饭).A Under B Using

C.With

D.By Topic 3 Which sport will you take part in? 1.I am ready for the long jump.我为跳远做好了准备。be ready for+活动,表示“为„„准备好了”。如:

We are ready for the next exam.我们为下次的考试做好了准备。

【拓展】(1)be ready for sth.表示“为„„准备好”。如:

I'd just been ready for tea when they called.他们打电话时,我刚刚把茶准备好。

(2)be ready to do sth.表示“准备好做某事”。如:

We were all ready to spend the holiday.我们都为度假做好准备了。

2.It's my first time to take part in the high jump.这是我第一次参加跳高比赛。

It's one's first time to do sth.=It's the first time for sb.to do sth.表示“某人第一次做某事”。如:

It's Mary's first time to see the cute pandas.=It's the first time for Mary to see the cute pandas.这是玛丽第一次看到可爱的大熊猫。

3.Maybe Michael will make many friends during the sports meet.也许迈克尔在运动会期间会交许多朋友。

(1)make friends with sb.与某人交朋友。如:

Would you like to make friends with me?你愿意和我交朋友吗?(2)maybe adv.也许,可能,大概。如: maybe与may be maybe adv.,意为“可能,也许,大概”,在句中作状语,通常置于句首,也可放在动词之前。

may be分开来写则是“情态动词+动词原形”的形式,意为“可能是,也许是”。其中be还可换成其他的动词原形出现于情态动词may后。试比较: Maybe he is eighteen.=He may be eighteen.他可能十八岁了。

Maybe the book is in the desk.=The book may be in the desk.那本书可能在书桌里。Maybe you have a good chance.=You may have a good chance.或许你有一个好机会。4.When shall we meet? 我们什么时候见面?(1)shall同I和we连用,表示“将来,将要,将会”,后接动词原形。如: At this time next week I shall be in Scotland.下周这个时候我就在苏格兰了。

(2)否定shall not=shan't,过去式should。如: We shan't go there.我们不去那儿。

I said that I should be pleased to help.我说过我乐意帮忙。

(3)在疑问句中和I/we连用,表示提出或征求意见。如: Shall I send you the book? 我把书给你寄去,好不好? What shall we do this weekend? 这个周末我们要做什么呢? 5.Congratulations!祝贺你!congratulation n.祝贺、恭贺、贺词

用于向某人表示祝贺,复数为congratulations。如:

—we are getting married!我们要结婚了!—Congratulations!祝贺你们!Congratulations on your exam results!祝贺你取得好的成绩!【拓展】congratulate v.祝贺,道贺 congratulate sb.(on sth.)向某人道贺如:

I congratulated them on their results.我为他们取得的成绩向他们表示祝贺。6.I'm so excited.我太兴奋了。

There will be another exciting relay race this afternoon.今天下午还有一场令人激动的接力赛。

(1)excited adj.,意为“激动的,对„„感到兴奋”,主语通常是人。如:

The children were excited about opening their presents.孩子们对打开礼物感到兴奋不已。

(2)exciting adj.,意为“令人兴奋的”,主语通常是物,类似的词还有:interested和interesting,tired和tiring等。如:

They waited and waited for something exciting to happen.他们等啊等啊,等待着激动人心的事情发生。

It is an exciting match.这是一场令人激动的比赛。7.This encourages me a lot.这次对我的鼓励很大。encourage v.鼓励。

常用词组encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。如: Our English teacher often encourages us to study well.我们的英语老师常常鼓励我们好好学习。

8.The People's Republic of China took part in the Olympics for the first time in 1952.

中华人民共和国第一次参加奥林匹克运动会是在1952年。

(1)the People's Republic of China.中华人民共和国。缩略形式为PRC。

(2)for the first time第一次。

类似的短语有:for the second time第二次;for the last time最后一次。如: In 1984,she look part in the Olympics for the second time. 1984年,她第二次参加奥运会。

In 2012,he will take part in the Olympics for the last time. 2012年他将最后一次参加奥运会。

9.Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for China in the l984 Los Angeles Olympics.许海峰在1984年洛杉矶奥运会上为中国夺得第一枚金牌。

win v.获胜,赢;n.winner获胜者,过去式won,现在分词winning。如: They are the winners.他们是冠军。win表示“赢得”,其宾语通常是war, game, battle, match, fame等。win可作及物动词或不及物动词。如:

They won the match.他们赢了这场比赛。

He couldn't win without your help.没有你的帮助他赢不了。10.Its motto is“Faster,higher,stronger.”它的宗旨是“更快,更高,更强。” motto n.箴言,格言,座右铭。作可数名词,复数形式既可以为mottos,也可以是mottoes。如:

“It's never too old to learn”is my motto.“活到老学到老”是我的座右铭。

11.The Olympic rings are a symbol of the Olympic Games.奥运五环是奥林匹克运动会的一种标志。

a symbol of sth. „„的象征。如:

White is always a symbol of purity in we stem cultures.在西方文化中,白色象征纯洁。12.There are five rings,and they stand for the five parts of the wind.

它有五个环,代表着世界上的五大洲。stand for意为“代表”。如:

HK stands for Hong Kong.HK代表香港。【拓展】stand for容忍,忍受。如:

I'm not standing for the way he speaks.我再也不能忍受他讲话的方式了。

13.You can easily find at least one of these colors in the flag of every country.你能很容易地在每个国家的国旗上,至少找到这些颜色中的一种。at least至少;最少。如:

The red car will cost at least 200,000 yuan.那辆红色的小汽车至少要值200 000元。

【拓展】其反义词组为:at(the)most,意为“至多;不超过”。如: There are at most 5,000 people in this town.这个小镇最多有5 000人。14.We should improve our environment.我们应该改善我们的环境。improve提高,改善。相当于to make sth.better。如:

Can you help me improve my English? 你能帮我提高英语水平吗?

()1.My mother ____ a dinner for my birthday next week.A.host B.hosted C.hosting D.will host()2.We had a sports meeting last Sunday.I took part in the ___race.

A.boy's 800-meter B.boy's 800 meter C boys'800-meter D.boys'800 meter()3.Our school sports meeting comes___.

A.every two years B.every two year C.every other D.two year()4.We will have a basketball match tomorrow;will you come to____us on? A.laugh B.cheer C.shout D.jump()5.—Could you come over and help me? —Certainly____.

A.Don't want.B.It's my fun. C.I'm coming now. D.Here you are.()6.Uncle John is ____for London next week.A.leave B.leaving C.to leaving D.leaves()7.Because I have a____ sister,my mother must stay at home and look after her.A.2-years-old B.2-years old C.2-year-old D.2 years old()8.Look at the boy!_____ name is Tom, Li Lei's _____ friend.A.My;foreign B.Your;foreign C.His;foreign D.Her;foreign()9.We'll ____ a sports meeting next Friday.A.give B.host C.carry D.join()10.Thank you very much ____ the flowers.A.to give me B.for give me C.for giving me D.give me()11.Li Huan visited the Great Wall _____ the first time yesterday.A.at B.to C.for D.in()12.—When shall we meet, Susan? —Let's ____ it six o'clock.A.have B.get C.do D.make()13.He ____ likes playing the piano because he often reads books about it.A.may be B.may C.must D.maybe()14.The flowers“roses”_____ love, so everyone likes them very much.A.stands for B.stands with C.stand for D.stand with()15.You must do sports and keep _____.A.health B.healthy C.healthing D.healthily 1—5 DCABC 6—10 BCCBC 11—15 CDDCB

第三篇:八年级语文上册第一单元知识点

八年级语文上册第一单元知识点

第一课:新闻两则

1、新闻特点:观点鲜明,内容真实,报道及时,语言准确、简洁。本文:语言准确简洁,感情色彩鲜明。

2、新闻的表达方式:记叙(主要)、描写、议论(最主要)。

3、新闻结构五部分:标题、导语、主体、背景、结语。

4、毛泽东:字润之,湖南韶山人,军事家、政治家、思想家。

5、标题:迅速了解全文内容。

电头:表明材料真实准确,报道及时,交代了通讯社的名称、地点和时间。导语:比较详细地了解新闻的内容。《人民解放军百万大军横渡长江》

6、这篇新闻是按时间顺序来写的。

7、电头:表明材料真实准确,报道及时,交代了通讯社的名称、地点和时间。《中原我军解放南阳》

8、导语比标题多:背景、人物、时间。第二课:芦花荡

1、小说三要素

①人物:描写方法(外貌、语言、心理、动作)人物形象(品质、精神、性格、心理)

②情节:(序幕)、开端、发展、高潮、结局、(尾声)

③环境:自然环境、社会环境(衬托人物心理、渲染气氛、突出人物品质、为情节作铺垫。)

2、芦花荡中体现的小说要素:

第一要素:老头子的英雄性格(人物)

(1)爱国抗日的热情,老当益壮的气概(第④小节,外貌描写;54—61小节)(2)爱憎分明的强烈感情(第10、17、18、47、53、60、61小节)(3)过于自信和自尊(第5小节,语言描写;32——45小节)(4)智勇双全的英雄行为(54—61小节)第三要素:环境描写 星星

第①小节 水鸟 宁静,渲染了阴森恐怖的气氛。

苇子 拟人,生动形象地描写了芦苇的形象,表现白洋淀人民在残酷的环境中顽强抗争的意志。侧面描写 表现老头子的功劳很大。第61小节:用优美的景物烘托了老英雄打鬼子时内心的轻松、愉快 第三课:蜡烛

1、文体:战地通讯;详细描写、真实

2、主题:赞美反法西斯同盟各国战斗的友谊,讴歌南斯拉夫人民对苏联红军的深厚感情。

3、感人因素

⑴炮火连天,环境危险——不怕生死、勇敢

⑵年老体弱,行动吃力——“爬”对战士的崇敬、爱戴

⑶视若亲人,沉痛哀悼——“跪”“画”“吻”不分国界、情同母子 ⑷结婚喜烛,意义特殊——对烈士的感情强烈、深沉、至高无上

4、细节描写(反复描写)

炮火:11次 蜡烛:7次 黑围巾:5次

第四课:就英法联军远征中国给巴特勒上尉的信

1、主题:赞美了瑰宝般的建筑——圆明园,谴责了英法联军的强盗行为。

2、雨果:法国作家,代表作有《巴黎圣母院》、《悲惨世界》、《九三年》等。性格:正直、公正、人道、是非分明,没有狭隘的民族偏见,胸怀博大。

3、本文所用的修辞:反语。

作用:有讽刺意味,极其尖锐、辛辣。

4、圆明园

总评:“世界奇迹”与巴特农神庙比较

分说 具体讲述园中之物 充满赞美之情 概述耗费劳动之巨 总述:亚洲文明杰作 第五课:亲爱的爸爸妈妈

1、主题:要和平,不要战争。

2、西德作家:真诚的忏悔——理解、尊重 日本作家:自私的狡辩——鄙弃、孤立

3、(一)来到纪念地

(二)看纪念演出

(三)参加座谈会

(四)参观纪念馆 第一单元综合学习

1、古今描写战争的诗词:青海长云暗雪山,孤城遥望玉门关。黄沙百战穿金甲,不破楼兰终不还。(王昌龄《从军行》)

2、战争名言:兵民是胜利之本。——毛泽东 得道者多助,失道者寡助。——孟子

第四篇:八年级下英语第一单元知识点总结

Unit 1 Will people have robots?

1.fallv.come or go down from force of weight, loss of balance, etc;drop;become 落下;跌落;变成The book fell off the shelf.这本书从架子上掉了下来。

fall用作动词时,主要有两种用法。一种是作为实义动词,可以和介词或副词搭配,表示“落下;跌落”,例如:I fell back in my chair.我跌坐到自己的椅子上。另一种是作为系动词,与形容词连用,表示进入某种状态,如:fall asleep 入睡(进入睡眠的状态)。fall的动词过去式是fallen。fall用作名词时,表示“落下;降低”,例如:I sat listening to the fall of the rain on the roof.我坐着听雨点落在屋檐上的声音。fall还可以表示“秋天”,与autumn意思相同。

词汇扩展

常用搭配:fall asleep 入睡fall behind 落后于(某人或某物)

fall down 跌落fall in love with 喜爱;爱上

fall off 掉下fall over 跌落;被绊倒

谚语:He who does not advance falls backward.不进则退。

Pride goes before a fall.骄兵必败。

2.alone adv.Without any companions 独自地;孤独地

I don't like going out alone after dark.我不愿意天黑后独自外出。

解析along 和lonely:

(1)alone 既可用作形容词,又可用作副词,意思是“独自的(地);单独的(地)”,侧重于说明独自一人,没有同伴或助手。alone和on one's own,by oneself意思相近。alone用作形容词时,一般与be 动词连用,在句中作表语。例如:She is alone at home.她独自一人在家。alone 用作副词修饰动词时,放在动词后面作状语。例如:I like to work alone.我喜欢独自一人工作。alone 用作副词时,也可作定语,意思是“只有;仅仅”,但必须置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。例如:This year alone, we've already planted ten thousand trees.仅是今年,我们已经载了一万颗树。

(2)lonely只用作形容词,它在句中既可作定语,也可作表语,表示“孤独的;寂寞的”。该词带有“孤寂”的感情色彩。用作定语时,意思为“孤单的;荒凉的;偏僻的”等。例如:That's a lonely island.那是一个荒凉的岛屿。Lonely用作表语时,可以表示“孤寂的;寂寞的”。例如:I was alone but I didn't feel lonely.我独自一人,但我并不感到孤独。

词汇拓展

常用搭配:let / leave somebody / something alone 不干涉某人或某物;听其自然

let alone 不管;不必考虑

谚语:An evil chance seldom comes alone.祸不单行

3.dressv.put clothes on yourself or someone else 穿衣

Is she old enough to dress herself yet? 她会自己穿衣服了吗?

dress还可以用作名词,表示“女服;连衣裙;服装”。例如:Mary wore a long red dress last evening.玛丽昨晚穿了件红色的连衣长裙。

辨析dress,put on 和wear:

(1)用作动词时,dress既可以表动作,也可以表状态,常用人作宾语,意思是“……穿衣服”,例如:She is only a girl of three.She can't dress herself.她只是一个三岁的女孩,她还不能自己穿衣服。需要注意的是,在表示“给自己穿衣”时,我们通常说dress oneself(= get dressed);当dress表示状态时,一般要用be dressed in 结构,例如:She was dressed in a red coat.她穿着一件红色的上衣。

(2)put on 意思是“穿(戴)上”,强调动作。例如:He put on his coat and went out.他穿上大衣就出去了。

(3)wear意思是“穿(戴)着”,强调状态。例如:Lucy's mother often wears a pair of glasses.露西的母亲常常戴着一副眼镜。

词汇扩展

常用搭配:dress(somebody)up(in something / as somebody or something)化妆打扮

谚语:Eat to please myself, but dress to please others.吃是使自己受用,穿是使别人受用。

1.unpleasant adj.not pleasant;not enjoyable 使人不愉快的;不合意的There is an unpleasant smell from this room.这屋子里散发出一种难闻的气味。

unpleasant可以表示“令人不快的;讨厌的”,例如:I found his manner very unpleasant.我觉得他的态度讨厌极了。

词汇拓展

相关词:unpleasantly adv.厌恶地反义词:pleasant adj.令人愉快的记忆导航

unpleasant 是由pleasant 加上否定前缀un-构成的。类似这种构词法的词还有:able有能力的——unable没有能力的;happy高兴的——unhappy不高兴的。

2.hundredn.the number 100;a very large number of things or people

(一)百;许多(事物或人)

The tree was probably a hundred years old.这棵树可能已经有一百年了。

Hundreds of people attended the famous director's farewell concert.好几百人出席了这位著名指挥家的告别音乐会。

用法

hundred 用于数词或含有数量意义的词之后,一般不用复数形式,例如:three hundred, a few hundred 等。但当hundred 表示“成百的;许多的”意思时,它面前不用具体数字,而常用hundreds of 结构。注意hundred 在这

个结构中要用复数形式,前面可加some,a few,several等词修饰。例如:Her coat cost hundreds of dollars.她的大衣价值几百美元。类似的搭配还有thousands of数以千计的;许多的,millions of 数以百万计的;无数的。词汇拓展

谚语:One good head is better than a hundred strong hands.上百双有力的手,不如一个聪明的头脑。To hear a hundred times is not so good as to see once.百闻不如一见。

3.such adj.of the same kind as the thing or person which has already been mentioned 这(那)样的;这(那)种

辨析such 和so:

(1)such 是形容词,意思是“这(那)样的;这(那)种;如此的”,修饰名词。例如:I have never seen such a beautiful place before.我从未见过这么美的地方。需要特别注意的是,such修饰单数可数名词时,应该按照如下词序:such + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词。

(2)so是副词,意思是“这(那)么;这(那)样;如此地”,修饰形容词、副词和分词。例如:I have never seen so beautiful a place before.我从未见过这么美的地方。同样,需要特别注意的是,so修饰单数可数名词时,应该按照如下词序:so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词。此外,当名词前有few,many,little,much等修饰词时,要用so。例如:so many people,so few days,so much time,so little money等。

词汇拓展

常用搭配:such as 例如such and such 某某;这样那样的谚语:There's no such thing as a free lunch.世上没有免费的午餐。

1.inprep.在……之后(用于将来时)

in 100 years 在一百年后

People will have robots in their homes in 100 years.一百年以后,人们家中会有机器人。

比较:after 在……之后(用于过去时,表示从过去某时间起一段时间之后)

He will come back in two hours.他两小时后会回来。

He came back after two hours.他是两小时后回来的。

2.less, fewer 比较少;more 比较多

less 是little 的比较级,修饰不可数名词

fewer是few的比较级,修饰可数名词

more 是much和many的比较级

much 修饰不可数名词,many修饰可数名词

I have less money than he has.我的钱比他的少。

There are more building in this city than in that city.这个城市的楼房比那个城市多。

3.fall in love with...爱上……

Last year I visited the art exhibition and fell in love with the work of Picasso.去年我参观了艺术展,爱上了毕加索的作品。

4.a kind of...一种;some kinds of...几种

a kind of book一种书

five kinds of flowers五种花

many different kinds of goldfish各种不同的金鱼

(fish 单复数相同,此处是复数)

5.as well as 也;与too 同义

He likes this book and he likes that book, too./ He likes this book as well as that book.他喜欢这本书,也喜欢那本书。

She can come here, too./ She can come here as well.她也能来。

6.worthadj.值……;值得……;相当于……价值

This house is worth $10 000.这个房子价值一万美元。

be(well)worth doing sth.(很)值得做

That film is(well)worth seeing.那部电影(很)值得看。

These books are worth reading twice.这几本书值得看两遍。

7.knock down...击倒,撞倒;拆除

knock down the pins 击倒球柱knock down the machine 拆除机器

knock 组成的词语还有:

knock on(at)the door 敲门

knock into sb.撞了某人

knock up 叫醒

1.predictionn.预言,预测

predictv.predict + that 后接从句,如

The weather forecast predicts sunshine for tomorrow.天气预告说明天阳光明媚。

I predict that he will win.我预测他会赢。

2.paper money

papern.纸,纸张,是不可数名词,如a piece of paper。

paper money 中paper是名词做定语,表材质,只用单数。

newspaper n.报纸,可数名词

3.spacen.表示“宇宙,空间时”,不可数名词;通常前面不用冠词。

There are many stars in outer space.在太空中有很多恒星。

Travel through space to other planets interests many people.现在很多人对穿越太空去其他星球旅行感兴趣。

4.besidesprep.除了……还;相当于as well as, in addition to。如:

Besides basketball, he also plays soccer well.除了打篮球以外,他踢足球也踢得很好。

All of us passed besides John.除了约翰外,我们也都及格了。

语言要点

1.---What do you think Sally will be in five years?---I think she'll be a doctor.2.---What do you think life will be like in 100 years?---Every home will have a robot.3.---Will kids go to school?---No, they won't.They'll study at home.4.---There will be fewer trees.5.robot, credit card, leisure time, pollution, astronaut, apartment, rockets, space station, moon, fewer, less, fall in love with, World Cup, in the future, the same as, help with

写作

学校要举办My future is not a dream.的演讲比赛,请你写一篇演讲稿参加比赛。

参考句型及词汇:

In ten years or more, I will...try, study hard, keep fit, work well,make achievement, achieve success...写作点拨:

写演讲稿时应注意:

1.就本文来说可先描述对未来的畅想,然后写为了实现这样的梦想应该如何去做,最后表明自己的决心。

2.畅想未来时,应用一般讲来时。

参考范文:

My Future is not a dream.Future!What an exciting word!

Very often I ask myself: “What will the future be like?” Sometimes I sit at my desk, daydreaming.Could I make great achievement in the future? Will my future be a bed of rose? Can I grasp the chances when they come to me?

In ten years or more, will I be working as a scientist, a teacher or a soldier? After work, what other things can I do? Maybe I can go to many places and see the world.And I'll have more leisure hours for books.There are so many books I want to read.I'll go swimming in the real sea, and to skate on real ice!

Facing the future, I couldn't help feeling excited.As a junior middle school student, first of all I must study hard, keep fit and work well.Furthermore, I will learn English well.I'll do my best and I'm sure I'll achieve success.I feel confident for my future.

第五篇:八年级英语上册第六单元知识点总结+

德学一百

unit6 单元总结

1.He has shorter hair than Sam.他的头发比萨姆的短。

than比……(用于形容词,副词的比较级之后)

2.He‟s calmer than Sam.他比萨姆更冷静。

1)calmadj.镇静的,沉着的。2)n.平静3)v.(使某人)镇静,安静。

【辨析】: calmstillquiet 与silent

calm:意为:镇静的,平静的,指不受干扰时的宁静,平静,如海洋的平静;用于人时,指沉着,镇定,安定。When we face danger, we should keep calm.still:意为不动的,静止的,寂静的,仅仅指物理上的安静状态。

The baby kept still when she was taking photos.quiet:意为安静的 静止的,指寂静的状态,没有吵闹或指人的,文静,也可指

活动的信息。

Be quiet,everyone.The teacher is coming.silent:意为沉默的,无言的,主要用于人,指不发出声音或不说话,强调无声的状态。

We shouldn‟t keep silent when the teather asks us some questions.3.wildadj.轻率的,鲁莽的。

相关词组:be wild with joy 欣喜若狂/be wild to do sth.渴望做某事 /be wild about sb./sth.4.smartadj.聪明的,伶俐的在句中作表语。

【辨析】:clever/smart

clever:多指 聪明伶俐的,侧重于才思敏捷的也可以用于指主意,办法之妙。smart:侧重指 领悟力强的,含精明,不会被人蒙骗之意。

5.Here are photos of me and my twin sisiter Liu Ying.这是我和我的双胞胎姐姐刘英的照片。

1)photos 以o结尾的名词变复数,有生命的+es/无生命的+s例:potatoes,tomatoes,zoos,radios

2)表示“某人的照片” 用„s和of的区别。

This Liu Ying‟s photo.这是刘英的照片。(指照片是属于刘英的,但照片的人不一定是刘英本人)

This is a photo of Liu Ying‟s.这是刘英的一张照片。(表示的是照片是刘英所拥有的照片中的一张。

This is a photo of Liu Ying.这是一张刘英的照片。(表示的是照片上的人是刘英,而照片属于谁不知道)。

3)take photos 照相,拍照。

6.As you can see,in some ways we look the same,and in some ways we look different。正如你所看见的,在一些方面我们看起来一样,而在一些方面我们看上去不同。

1)as:在这里是连词:表示“像……一样,正如……”引导状语从句。

注意:as在不同的语境中,有许多不同的含义。(阅读理解出现频率较高) prep.作为;以……为职业。He finds a job as an editor. adv.像……一样;如同。I can run quickly.My sister can run as quickly.德学一百

 conj.和……一样;像:It isn‟t so easy as you think.这不像你想的那么容易。当……时候:As I was coming here.I met your brother.按照:Do as you are told.因为,由于:As it was raining,I stayed at home.关于as的词组: as soon as possible尽快地/ as if 好像/ such as 比如/ as for 关于。至于

/the same…as 和……一样

2)in some ways在一些方面

关于way的词组:by the way顺便说一下/lose one‟s way 迷路/on one‟s way to…在某人去……的路上/in the way 挡路/in a way在某种程度上/go the wrong way 走错路

3)look the same 看上去一样。look different 看上去不同look like…看起来像

7.We both have black eyes and black hair,although my hair is shorter than hers..尽管我的头发比她的短,但我们都是黑眼睛,黑头发。

1)bothadj./pron./adv.两个都……

 用在be 动词后,行为动词前。You are both too young./They both speak

English. Both of …..+名词复数(复数谓语)

 both…and…两者都……反义词组:neither…nor…两者都不……

注意:botheitherneither 与 none的辨析是 中考热门考点

2)although 和but 不能同时出现在一个句子里

3)hers:名词性物主代词用法。(中考考点)

8.However,we both enjoy going to parties.不过,我们两个都喜欢参加聚会。

1)enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事

2)enjoy oneself=have fun=have a good time过得愉快,玩得开心

9.Liu Li has more than one sister.刘丽不止有一个姐姐。

1)more than one+n.“ 不止一个……” 作主语时。谓语用单三

2)more than超过,多余。=over

10.Liu Li and Liu Ying have some things

11..Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.刘英不如她的妹妹擅长体育。

1)not as…as… 不如……。和……不一样。

注意:中间省略号的部分要+形容词和副词的原级。as tall as

在not as…as… 结构中,第一个as可以换成so 即:not so…as…:不如

2)be good at : “ 擅长……,在……方面成绩好。”+动词ing :

= do well in在……方面做得好。

12..My friend is the same as me.我的朋友和我一样。

the same as… “和……一样”。反义词组:be different from…“ 与。。不同的”

13.No,I am a little taller than her.a little, much a lot a bit ,far,any,no等可以+比较级

德学一百

14.I think a good friend makes me laugh.我认为好朋友能使我开心。

牢记:make sb.do sth.使 某人做某事/make+宾语+形容词。

15..We asked some pepple what they think and tiis is what they said.我们询问了一些人在他们所想的,这是他们所说的。

1)what they think 是宾语从句 what所引导的从句表示“所……的”

2)what they said 是表语从句

16.I like to have friends who are like me.我喜欢拥有像我一样的朋友。

1)who are like me 是定语从句。

2)第一个like:动词“ 喜欢”。第二个like:介词“像,跟。。一样”

17..most of…..:大多数

most of +单数名词+单数谓语/ most of+复数名词+复数谓语

18..It‟s not necessary to be the same.完全一样是没有必要的。

It‟s+adj.+to do sth.(It是形式主语,to do sth.是真正主语。

19..He always beats me in tennis.辨析beat/win相同点:都是动词,表示“赢”

不同:beat+人/win+比赛,竞赛,战争等名词。

20.think的否定前移。

21..be good with children 善待孩子们

相关词组:be good with sb.=be good to sb.善待某人。对某人好

be good for sb.对某人有好处/be good at 擅长

22..So do you think should get the job,Ruth or Rose?

本句中who作句子的主语,do you think是插入语。在有此类插入语的情况下,疑问代词,疑问副词位于句首,后面的句子要用陈述语序。

Who do you think is the most outgoing in your class?

23..He can‟t stop talking.牢记:stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情

stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事

2)形容词的级别

形容词有三种级别,即原级、比较级和最高级。当讨论的对象是一个时应使用原级,当讨论的对象是两个时应使用比较级,当讨论的对象在三个或更多时应使用最高级。

在形容词原级后面加上er就成为比较级,在原级后加上est就成为最高级。一般的单音节形容词直接加er或est,词尾是不发音字母e的只加r或st,重读闭音节应双写词尾辅音字母再加er或est,如:

long—longer—longest,nice—nicer—nicest,big—bigger—biggest。以辅音字母加y为结尾的双音节形容词应将y改为i再加上er或est,如:early—earlier—earliest dirty—dirtier—dirtiest,busy—busier—busiest。多音节的形容词比较级应在前面加上more,最高级应在前面加上most,如:important—more important—most important,difficult—more difficult—most difficult。

有些特殊的形容词有自己的变化规律,如:

good/well—better—best,bad/badly—worse—worst,many/much—more—most,little—less—least,德学一百

far—farther/further—farthest/furthest。

形容词的比较级句型应使用连词than或or,如:

The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing.上海的天气比北京的天气热.Which subject is more important, English or math?

英语和数学, 哪个学科更重要?

形容词的最高级前应加上定冠词the,句型中应给出比较范围,如:The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流.The third truck carries the most books of all.第三辆卡车在所有的卡车中载书最多.两个人或物比较时,如果只说明两者相同或不同,则可使用as...as...句型,否定句为not as(so)...as...句型,这里形容词仍使用原级,如:

Mr.Green is as old as Mr.Brown.格林先生和布朗先生年龄一样大.Mr.Green is not as(so)old as Mr.Brown.格林先生和布朗先生的年龄不一样大.

下载新课标英语八年级上册第一单元知识点汇总word格式文档
下载新课标英语八年级上册第一单元知识点汇总.doc
将本文档下载到自己电脑,方便修改和收藏,请勿使用迅雷等下载。
点此处下载文档

文档为doc格式


声明:本文内容由互联网用户自发贡献自行上传,本网站不拥有所有权,未作人工编辑处理,也不承担相关法律责任。如果您发现有涉嫌版权的内容,欢迎发送邮件至:645879355@qq.com 进行举报,并提供相关证据,工作人员会在5个工作日内联系你,一经查实,本站将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。

相关范文推荐