新标准大学英语综合教程1答案及全文翻译第5单元

第一篇：新标准大学英语综合教程1答案及全文翻译第5单元

Key to Exercises NSCE Book 1 Unit Five

Active reading(1)

Reading and understanding 4 Answer the questions.1 Why does Cathy ask if Nelly is alone? Because Cathy wants to talk to Nelly in private about a secret(Edgar’s proposal of marriage).2 Why does Cathy want to know where Heathcliff is? Because Cathy wants to make sure that she is alone with Nelly.She wants to talk about Edgar and Heathcliff, so she wouldn’t want either of them to hear the conversation.3 What news does Cathy give Nelly? Cathy tells Nelly that Edgar has proposed to her and she has accepted him.4 What does she want Nelly to tell her? She wants Nelly to say whether she should have accepted or refused Edgar’s proposal.5 What does Nelly think is the most important thing in a marriage? Love, so she asks whether Cathy loves Edgar as the first consideration.6 What happens in Cathy’s dream?

She goes to heaven, but is broken-hearted to be away from home.The angels send her back home where she sobs for joy.It seems for Cathy this means she will be unhappy with Edgar.She has “no more business” to marry him than to be in heaven, where, in the dream, she is unhappy.7 What does Cathy say about Heathcliff? She loves him and feels that they have the same soul, but it would degrade her to marry him.(He was found homeless on the street, so he had a poor social background.)6 How does Cathy feel about Edgar? Cathy thinks she and Edgar have different souls, “as different as a moonbeam from lightning, or frost from fire”.Dealing with unfamiliar words 5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to say something very quietly(whisper)2 to say something suddenly and loudly(exclaim)3 to cry because you feel strong emotion(weep)4 to cry noisily, taking short breaths(sob)5 to promise to do something(pledge)6 to say that you did not do something(deny)7 to stop someone from doing something, like speaking(interrupt)8 to start something again, like speaking(resume)9 to breathe out slowly, especially because you are sad(sigh)10 to say the opposite of what someone has said is true(contradict)Now check(¸)the reporting verbs which give most information about emotions.exclaim, weep, sob, pledge, sigh, contradict Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 He was resting with his knees on the ground beside her when he asked her to marry him.(kneeling)2 It was traditional to ask for the father’s permission to marry the daughter.(consent)3 Her feelings towards him became different as she got to know him better.(altered)4 He continued with his argument, even though she didn’t agree with him.(pursued)5 Her refusal to admit what had happened made him get angry.(denial)6 He came home in a terrible mood and threw his bag onto the floor.(temper;flung)Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 When you rock a baby, do you move it backwards and forwards(a)gently, or(b)violently? 2 If you are having a doze, are you(a)asleep, or(b)working? 3 If someone’s behaviour is shameful, should they(a)be proud of what they have done, or(b)feel very sorry about what they have done? 4 If you aren’t worried about anything, save your own concerns, does this mean(a)you don’t have to be worried, or(b)you’re only worried about your own business? 5 If you do something sulkily, will people notice that you are in(a)a good mood, or(b)a bad mood? 6 Is a look which turns off someone’s bad temper likely to be(a)gentle, or(b)angry? 7 If you come to the point, do you(a)come to the end of something, or(b)say what is important? 8 If something is no business of yours, should you(a)be interested in it, or(b)not be interested in it? 9 If something degrades someone, does it make people respect them(a)less, or(b)more? 10 Does “What good is it doing something?” mean(a)“Why do it?”, or(b)“Is it a good thing to do?”

Active reading(2)Dealing with unfamiliar words 4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 a strong feeling of sadness(grief)2 a round shape or curve(loop)3 an image that you see when you look in a mirror(reflection)4 to let something fall off as part of a natural process(shed)5 a smooth and beautiful way of moving(grace)6 attractive(cute)7 continuing to support someone or be their friend(faithful)8 to cover something by putting something such as paper or cloth around it(wrap)9 not bright(dim)Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 I’ve been faithful to my husband all my life.2 I’d like to give this as a present.Could you wrap it for me in silver paper, please? 3 The public expression of grief after the death of the princess lasted for several days.4 She dances with such grace!I think she could become a professional dancer.5 I can’t see very well in here.The light’s rather dim.6 When I saw my reflection in the mirror this morning I got a shock.Answer the questions about the words.1 Does a bill refer to(a)a bird’s mouth, or(b)a request for money in the poem? 2 Is satin(a)a soft delicate material, or(b)a hard rough material? 3 If something is wobbling, is it(a)not moving, or(b)moving unsteadily? 4 Does platinum refer to(a)a colour like silver, or(b)a colour like gold? 5 Is something that is lethal(a)very friendly, or(b)extremely dangerous? 6 If a cloth has been embroidered, is it likely to be(a)multi-coloured, or(b)uncoloured?

Language in Use whatever, whoever etc Rewrite the sentences with the word in brackets.1 I don’t know who wrote this poem, but he was very romantic.(whoever)Whoever wrote this poem was very romantic.2 Heathcliff may be anywhere, but he isn’t in the house.(wherever)Wherever Heathcliff may be, he isn’t in the house.I don’t know what to say, because she doesn’t listen to me any more.(whatever)Whatever I say, she doesn’t listen to me anymore.Every time I told him a secret, he told his friends.(whenever)Whenever I told him a secret, he told his friends.5 Anything may happen, but I will always be faithful.(whatever)Whatever happens, I will always be faithful.6 I don’t know who sent me this parcel, but they know I like chocolates.(whoever)Whoever sent me this parcel knows I like chocolates.7 I’m not exactly sure what I’m eating, but it’s very nice.(whatever)Whatever I’m eating, it’s very nice.8 You may end up anywhere in the world, but I will never forget you.(wherever)Wherever you end up in the world, I will never forget you.present participles 2 Rewrite the sentences.1 Since I felt concerned, I asked her to phone me the next day.I, feeling concerned, asked her to phone me the next day.2 When Judith fell asleep she was clinging to her teddy bear.Judith fell asleep, clinging to her teddy bear.3 Sarah dried her eyes and tried to smile.Sarah, drying her eyes, tried to smile.4 He took out the card and said, “This valentine’s for me.” “This valentine’s for me,” he said, taking out the card.5 I was waiting for the train when I read that poem.I waited for the train, reading that poem.6 Since I didn’t have much money with me, I couldn’t pay for the meal.I, not having much money with me, couldn’t pay for the meal.no more … than Look at the sentence and answer the question.I’ve no more business to marry Edgar Linton than I have to be in heaven.Cathy means that(c).(a)if she marries Edgar Linton she will feel as if she’s in heaven(b)she won’t go to heaven if she married Edgar Linton

(c)she doesn’t want to marry Edgar Linton and doesn’t feel she should be in heaven Rewrite the sentences using no more … than.I have no reason to get married, and I’ve got no reason to change my job.I have no more reason to get married than(I have)to change my job.2 She’s got no reason to feel unhappy, and no reason to celebrate.She’s got no more reason to feel unhappy than(she has)to celebrate.3 There’s no point in waiting here, and no point in calling a taxi.There’s no more point in waiting here than(there is)in calling a taxi.4 We have no interest in starting this task, or in finishing the first one.We have no more interest in starting this task than(we have)in finishing the first one.5 I’ve got no business to advise her about her private life, nor should she advise me about mine.I’ve got no more business to advise her about her private life than she has to advise me about mine.6 I have no wish to start a new relationship, or to write another book.I have no more wish to start a new relationship than(I have)to write another book.collocations Read the explanation of the words.Answer the questions.1 pursue To pursue means to follow a course of activity.(a)If you pursue the matter, you are likely to try to reach a decision(you don’t abandon it).(b)When you pursue your career, you have the career you want and you want to get ahead in it.(c)If the police are pursuing their inquiries, they haven’t solved the crime, and are still investigating it.2 denial A denial is a statement that something did not happen or isn’t true.(a)If you’re in denial about your age, you don’t admit how old you are.(b)If a company issues a strong denial of responsibility, they don’t admit to having done anything wrong.3 temper If you have a temper, you tend to get angry very quickly.(a)When tempers flare, people get angry.(b)If someone tells you to keep your temper during a discussion, they are likely to be telling you to calm down, and you shouldn’t lose your temper.(c)If people fly into a temper, they lose their temper very quickly and get really angry.wrap To wrap something is to cover something in cloth or paper.(a)If you wrap up a meeting, you finish it(because wrapping up a package is the last stage of preparing a gift or buying something).(b)If you’re wrapped up in your work, it interests you very much, and you spend a lot of time doing it or thinking about it, so you don’t notice anything else.(c)If you keep something under wraps, you keep it secret(as if it is a package wrapped up so other people can’t see what it is).Translate the sentences into Chinese.1 Her lips were half asunder as if she meant to speak;and she drew a deep breath, but it escaped in a sigh, instead of a sentence.她半张着嘴，似乎想说什么；她深深地吸了一口气，可随之而来的却是一声无语的叹息。I’ve no more business to marry Edgar Linton than I have to be in heaven.我不该嫁给埃德加·林顿，就像我不该去天堂一样。Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same, and Linton’s is as different as a moonbeam from lightning, or frost from fire.不管我们俩的灵魂是什么做成的，我们的灵魂都是一样的，而林顿与我们的差异犹如月光之于闪电，寒霜之于烈火。I kissed with my eyes closed and opened them on her wrinkles.我闭上眼睛亲吻，睁开时见她已满脸皱纹。5 I give you an onion.Its fierce kiss will stay on your lips, possessive and faithful as we are, for as long as we are.我送给你一棵葱头。

它那凶猛的亲吻会留在你的嘴唇上，霸道独占而忠心耿耿 像我们一样，只要我们活着。Translate the sentences into English.1 那位身穿红衬衫的人突然收起假笑，露出他的本来面目。(turn off;false smile;true colours)Suddenly the man in the red shirt turned off his false smile and showed his true colours.2 妻子声称丈夫很懒，不愿做家务，丈夫对此予以坚决否认。(flatly;contradict)The husband flatly contradicted his wife’s claim that he was too lazy to do the housework.3 经理已经做出保证，在他的任期结束之前，他不会离任。(pledge one’s word;leave office;term)The manager pledged his word that he would not leave the office until the last day of his term.4 他没有意识到，对她美貌的迷恋使他对她的缺点视而不见。(blind v.)He didn’t realize that his fascination for her beauty had blinded him to her faults.5 当得知警察终于在树林里找到她的孩子时，这位年轻的太太流下了眼泪。(shed)On hearing that the police had finally found her child in the woods, the young lady shed tears.Translation of the passages Active reading(1)

《呼啸山庄》（节选）

我把哈莱顿放在膝上摇着，嘴里哼着歌。这时，卡西小姐把头伸进来，低声说： “就你一个人吗，内莉？” “是的，小姐，”我答道。

她进了屋，向壁炉走来。我料想她有话要说，就抬起头看着她。她脸上的表情显得既困惑又焦虑。她半张着嘴，似乎想说什么；她深深地吸了一口气，可随之而来的却是一声无语的叹息。

我又继续哼着歌，没有忘记她最近的所作所为。“希思克厉夫呢？”她问我，打断了我的歌声。“在马厩干活呢，”我答道。

他没有反驳我，也许他正在打瞌睡。

接着是长时间的沉默，其间我看见一两滴眼泪顺着凯瑟琳的面颊滴落到石板地上。

“她在为自己不光彩的行为感到难过吗？”我自忖。“那倒是件新鲜事，也许她自己会说出来—— 反正我是不会帮她的。”

不会的，除了自己的事，她对别的事都不太关心。“噢，天哪！”她终于喊道，“我好难过！”

“可惜呀，”我说，“让你满意还真不容易，你有这么多的朋友，又没什么忧愁，可还是不知足！”

“内莉，你肯为我保密吗？”她缠着我，跪在我身旁，抬起她那双迷人的眼睛看着我。就算你完全有理由发火，一见到那眼神，你就没脾气了。“这个秘密值得保守吗？”我用稍微缓和一点的语气问。

“是的，它让我很苦恼，我必须说出来。我想知道我该怎么办。今天，埃德加· 林顿要我嫁给他，我已经答复他了。现在，我先不告诉你我是接受了还是拒绝了。你告诉我，我该怎么答复他。”

“真有这事儿吗，凯瑟琳小姐？我怎么知道该如何答复呢？”我回答。“我答应他了，内莉；快点儿告诉我，我是不是做错了！”

“你答应他了？那还有什么必要讨论这件事呢？你许下了诺言，就不能反悔了。” “可是，告诉我我是不是应该这样做——快告诉我，”她有些懊恼，大声喊起来。“要想正确地回答这个问题，得先考虑很多事情。”我用说教的语气说。“首先，你爱埃德加先生吗？”

“内莉，你从来没做过稀奇古怪的梦吗？”她说。“做过，有时候会。”我回答。

“我也做过。我这辈子做的一些梦一直缠着我，改变了我的心思；这些梦穿透了我的心，就像酒溶入水一样，改变了我心灵的颜色。在一个梦里——我要讲了——你可别笑我——我梦见自己到了天堂，可天堂看起来不像我的家；我哭得很伤心，想要回到尘世间来。天使们愤怒之极，把我扔到呼啸山庄顶部的荒野上。我在那儿醒过来，高兴得直哭。这足以解释我的秘密。我不该嫁给埃德加· 林顿，就像我不该去天堂一样。现在，嫁给希思克厉夫会降低我的身份；他永远也不会知道我是多么爱他。我爱他，并不是因为他相貌英俊，内莉，而是因为他比我更像我自己。不管我们俩的灵魂是什么做成的，我们的灵魂是一样的，而林顿与我们的差异犹如月光之于闪电，寒霜之于烈火。” Active reading(2)婚姻 罗· 斯· 托马斯 我们相遇 在鸟鸣的 阵雨之下。

五十年过去—— 时光主宰的 尘世间

爱的一瞬间。她曾经年轻； 我闭上眼睛 亲吻，睁开时

见她已满脸皱纹。“来吧,”死神说着，选中她做 最后一场舞的 舞伴。她呢，平生

以鸟儿的优雅姿态 已做完了一切，此刻张开喙 丢下

一声叹息 轻如羽毛。（傅浩译）

情人节礼物 卡洛尔· 安· 达菲

不是一朵红玫瑰或一颗亮晶晶的心。我送给你一棵葱头。

那是一轮包在牛皮纸里的月亮。保证会有光，就好像爱之温存的宽衣解带。给。

它会让你泪眼模糊，像爱人那样。

它会把你的面影变成 一张发虚的哀伤照片。我努力做到真实。

不是一张漂亮的贺卡或伴随的亲吻。我送给你一棵葱头。

它那凶猛的亲吻会留在你的嘴唇上，霸道独占而忠心耿耿 像我们一样，只要我们活着。拿去吧。

它那白金圈会干缩成结婚戒指，如果你喜欢的话。要命！

它的气味会紧紧粘在你手指上，紧紧粘在你的刀上。

（傅浩译）

他冀求天国的锦缎 威· 巴· 叶芝

假如我有天国的锦绣绸缎，那用金色银色的光线织就，黑夜、白天、黎明和傍晚，湛蓝、灰暗和漆黑的锦绣，我就把那锦缎铺在你脚下： 可我，一贫如洗，只有梦； 我把我的梦铺在了你脚下； 轻点，因为你踏着我的梦。

（傅浩译）

Reading across cultures

爱情是生活的原动力

时代在变化。现在，人们即使彼此相隔千万里、文化背景不同，也可以通过网络约会，相识相爱。在新千年里，世界越变越小，地方性的传统能有多少得以保留下来呢？我们决定对亚欧四国的年轻人展开调查，了解他们是如何寻觅爱情，如何最终找到心上人的。我们发现，虽然互联网和信息技术改变了各地的生活方式，但许多地方的人仍然以传统的方式谈情说爱。

印度拥有世界上最美妙动人的爱情诗篇，也拥有世界上最著名的爱情纪念碑——皇帝沙贾汗为纪念其波斯爱妃而建的泰姬陵。但是，在印度，95% 的婚姻仍然是由家庭安排的。现在，很多年轻人用手机安排约会。一些印度诗人担心，写情书的传统将日渐消亡。为了引起人们对这个问题的关注，他们组织了一个情人节情书大赛。

另一个亚洲国家日本拥有不同的文化传统，依靠“媒人”来安排婚事。家中如有待娶的儿子或待嫁的女儿，家长会与媒人接触，由媒人出面安排未来的新人相亲（Mi-Ai）。古时候，相亲是一种礼节。如果相亲后男方留下一把扇子，这表示男方对女方感兴趣，婚礼也就随后举行——女方没有决定权。现在，相亲活动依然存在，但是，如果双方不投缘，就不会再见面了。

在欧洲，有些恋爱传统依然留存，尽管随着时间的推移发生了变化。在威尔士，青年男子会给意中人一把自制的木勺。每把木勺的柄端都刻着一样东西，比如，钟代表婚礼，心代表“我爱你”。女方可以收下木勺，也可以把木勺还给男方，表示自己对对方不感兴趣。现在，爱情木勺只是作为旅游纪念品出售。不过，年轻人仍然可以给意中人寄上绘有爱情木勺的情人节卡片，表白自己的感情。

传统的恋爱方式并未全部过时。几年前，在意大利有一部很叫座的电影，影片中一对年轻的情侣将一把锁锁在罗马的一座桥上，然后将钥匙扔到河中，以此承诺对彼此忠贞不渝。这种做法很快流传到其他地方。现在，许多桥上都挂着“爱锁”。当罗马市长决定取掉这些锁时，他遭到了普遍的反对。爱锁因此得以保留下来，继续向人们展示着爱情是生活的原动力。传统的恋爱方式也是推动生活的 力量。

第二篇：新标准大学英语综合教程1—6单元课后翻译答案

他们对业余剧社的介绍给索菲留下了深刻的印象，于是她就报了名。(Amateur Dramatics;sign up for)Their introduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed up for it.网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受继续教育的机会。(work full time)Online education provides those who work full time with opportunities to receive further education in their spare time.刚上大学时，他不知道是否需要把老师讲的内容一字不落地都记下来。(be supposed to;scribble down)When he first arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed to scribble down every word out of the professor’s mouth.没有人觉察出他隐藏在笑容背后的绝望。(detect)Nobody detects his despair well hidden behind his smile.有些学生能轻松自如地与陌生人交谈，可有些学生却很难做到这一点。(be easy about)Some students are easy about talking with strangers, while some others find it hard to do so.他们这儿不卖薯条，如果你想吃，得去肯德基或麦当劳。(serve)They don’t serve chips/French fries here.If you want them, you have to go to a KFC or McDonalds.他拣起一个核桃，想用锤子把它砸开，可没想到却把它砸碎了。(crack;crush)He picked up a walnut and tried to crack it with a hammer, but instead he crushed it.当金子加热融化后，他们把金水倒进模子，铸成金条。(melt;mould)When the gold was heated and melted, they poured it into a mould to form a gold bar.他承认是他打破了教室的窗玻璃。(admit to)He admitted to breaking the window of the classroom.令我们欣喜的是，新的经济计划开始对经济发展产生积极影响。(have...effect on)To our delight, the new economic policy is beginning to have a positive effect on the economy.老师很有可能不欣赏不会独立思考的学生。(not think much of…;think for oneself)It is most likely that a teacher won’t think much of a student who cannot think for himself.他上中学的时候，几乎没有什么人被鼓励去做科学实验，更谈不上接受这方面的训练了。(hardly;much less)When he was in high school, hardly anyone had been encouraged, much less trained, to do scientific experiments.嫉妒是由懒惰和无知造成的。(the result of…)Envy is the result of laziness and ignorance.有些大学生是根据自己的专业来选择志愿服务的，而不是碰到什么就做什么。(volunteer job;rather than)Rather than picking any volunteer job, some college students choose activities based on their majors.最好的办法就是把学生分成若干小组，让他们针对具体的问题进行讨论。(break up …into …;focus on)The best approach is to break the students up into several groups so that they can focus their discussion on specific problems.据估计，目前中国4亿手机用户中，有大约一半人的隐私受到了威胁。(it is estimated that...;privacy)It is estimated that today, to privacy of half of the 0.4 billion mobile phones subscribers is in danger.人们在购买生活必需品上的花费越少，他们安排诸如旅游等娱乐活动就越多。(the less...the more...)The less people spend on daily necessities, the more arrangements they will make for leisure activities such as travelling.对我来说，旅游最大的好处就是可以去不同的地方，了解不同文化背景下人们的生活方式以及传统习俗。(What I especially like about...is...)What I especially like about travelling is that I can go to different places and learn about particular lifestyles, conventions and customs in different cultures.在大多数情况下，文化碰撞激起的是人们对不同文化的好奇心，只有在极少数情况下，文化碰撞会造成尴尬。(culture bump;on rare occasions)In most cases, cultural bumps arouse people’s curiosity about different cultures.Only on rare occasions can they cause embarrassment.你可以保留自主选择的权利，但作为一个成年人，你做事不要冲动。(reserve the right to;act on impulse)You can reserve the right to make your own choices, but as an adult, you should not act on impulse.那位身穿红衬衫的人突然收起假笑，露出他的本来面目。(turn off;false smile;true colours)Suddenly the man in the red shirt turned off his false smile and showed his true colours.妻子声称丈夫很懒，不愿做家务，丈夫对此予以坚决否认。(flatly;contradict)The husband flatly contradicted his wife’s claim that he was too lazy to do the housework.经理已经做出保证，在他的任期结束之前，他不会离任。(pledge one's word;leave office;term)The manager pledged his word that he would not leave the office until the last day of his term.他没有意识到，对她美貌的迷恋使他对她的缺点视而不见。(blind v.)He didn’t realize that his fascination for her beauty had blinded him to her faults.当得知警察终于在树林里找到她的孩子时，这位年轻的太太流下了眼泪。(shed)On hearing that the police had finally found her child in the woods, the young lady shed tears.一定要先确认把邮票贴牢了，再把信投入信箱。(attach)Make sure the stamp is firmly attached to the letter before you drop it into the mailbox.很多青少年痴迷网络游戏，这会对他们的身心健康造成损害。(be addicted to)Many youngsters are addicted to net games, which can damage their physical and mental health.她坐在桌子旁边读报，看上去好像什么事也没发生过。(for all the world)She sat at the table reading the newspaper, looking for all the world as if nothing had happened.我本打算去购物中心购物以缓解压力，但后来我改主意了。我决定好好睡一觉。(change one's mind)I had intended to reduce stress by shopping in the mall, but I changed my mind.I decided to have a good sleep instead.议会否决了总统提出的最新经济提案，因为它引起了广泛的批评。(reject;put forward;provoke)The Congress has rejected the latest economic proposal put forward by the President because it provoked widespread criticism.他们对业余剧社的介绍给索菲留下了深刻的印象，于是她就报了名。(Amateur Dramatics;sign up for)Their introduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed up for it.网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受继续教育的机会。(work full time)Online education provides those who work full time with opportunities to receive further education in their spare time.刚上大学时，他不知道是否需要把老师讲的内容一字不落地都记下来。(be supposed to;scribble down)When he first arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed to scribble down every word out of the professor’s mouth.没有人觉察出他隐藏在笑容背后的绝望。(detect)Nobody detects his despair well hidden behind his smile.有些学生能轻松自如地与陌生人交谈，可有些学生却很难做到这一点。(be easy about)Some students are easy about talking with strangers, while some others find it hard to do so.他们这儿不卖薯条，如果你想吃，得去肯德基或麦当劳。(serve)They don’t serve chips/French fries here.If you want them, you have to go to a KFC or McDonalds.他拣起一个核桃，想用锤子把它砸开，可没想到却把它砸碎了。(crack;crush)He picked up a walnut and tried to crack it with a hammer, but instead he crushed it.当金子加热融化后，他们把金水倒进模子，铸成金条。(melt;mould)When the gold was heated and melted, they poured it into a mould to form a gold bar.他承认是他打破了教室的窗玻璃。(admit to)He admitted to breaking the window of the classroom.令我们欣喜的是，新的经济计划开始对经济发展产生积极影响。(have...effect on)To our delight, the new economic policy is beginning to have a positive effect on the economy.老师很有可能不欣赏不会独立思考的学生。(not think much of…;think for oneself)It is most likely that a teacher won’t think much of a student who cannot think for himself.他上中学的时候，几乎没有什么人被鼓励去做科学实验，更谈不上接受这方面的训练了。(hardly;much less)When he was in high school, hardly anyone had been encouraged, much less trained, to do scientific experiments.嫉妒是由懒惰和无知造成的。(the result of…)Envy is the result of laziness and ignorance.有些大学生是根据自己的专业来选择志愿服务的，而不是碰到什么就做什么。(volunteer job;rather than)Rather than picking any volunteer job, some college students choose activities based on their majors.最好的办法就是把学生分成若干小组，让他们针对具体的问题进行讨论。(break up …into …;focus on)The best approach is to break the students up into several groups so that they can focus their discussion on specific problems.据估计，目前中国4亿手机用户中，有大约一半人的隐私受到了威胁。(it is estimated that...;privacy)It is estimated that today, to privacy of half of the 0.4 billion mobile phones subscribers is in danger.人们在购买生活必需品上的花费越少，他们安排诸如旅游等娱乐活动就越多。(the less...the more...)The less people spend on daily necessities, the more arrangements they will make for leisure activities such as travelling.对我来说，旅游最大的好处就是可以去不同的地方，了解不同文化背景下人们的生活方式以及传统习俗。(What I especially like about...is...)What I especially like about travelling is that I can go to different places and learn about particular lifestyles, conventions and customs in different cultures.在大多数情况下，文化碰撞激起的是人们对不同文化的好奇心，只有在极少数情况下，文化碰撞会造成尴尬。(culture bump;on rare occasions)In most cases, cultural bumps arouse people’s curiosity about different cultures.Only on rare occasions can they cause embarrassment.你可以保留自主选择的权利，但作为一个成年人，你做事不要冲动。(reserve the right to;act on impulse)You can reserve the right to make your own choices, but as an adult, you should not act on impulse.那位身穿红衬衫的人突然收起假笑，露出他的本来面目。(turn off;false smile;true colours)Suddenly the man in the red shirt turned off his false smile and showed his true colours.妻子声称丈夫很懒，不愿做家务，丈夫对此予以坚决否认。(flatly;contradict)The husband flatly contradicted his wife’s claim that he was too lazy to do the housework.经理已经做出保证，在他的任期结束之前，他不会离任。(pledge one's word;leave office;term)The manager pledged his word that he would not leave the office until the last day of his term.他没有意识到，对她美貌的迷恋使他对她的缺点视而不见。(blind v.)He didn’t realize that his fascination for her beauty had blinded him to her faults.当得知警察终于在树林里找到她的孩子时，这位年轻的太太流下了眼泪。(shed)On hearing that the police had finally found her child in the woods, the young lady shed tears.一定要先确认把邮票贴牢了，再把信投入信箱。(attach)Make sure the stamp is firmly attached to the letter before you drop it into the mailbox.很多青少年痴迷网络游戏，这会对他们的身心健康造成损害。(be addicted to)Many youngsters are addicted to net games, which can damage their physical and mental health.她坐在桌子旁边读报，看上去好像什么事也没发生过。(for all the world)She sat at the table reading the newspaper, looking for all the world as if nothing had happened.我本打算去购物中心购物以缓解压力，但后来我改主意了。我决定好好睡一觉。(change one's mind)I had intended to reduce stress by shopping in the mall, but I changed my mind.I decided to have a good sleep instead.议会否决了总统提出的最新经济提案，因为它引起了广泛的批评。(reject;put forward;provoke)The Congress has rejected the latest economic proposal put forward by the President because it provoked widespread criticism.他们对业余剧社的介绍给索菲留下了深刻的印象，于是她就报了名。(Amateur Dramatics;sign up for)Their introduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed up for it.网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受继续教育的机会。(work full time)Online education provides those who work full time with opportunities to receive further education in their spare time.刚上大学时，他不知道是否需要把老师讲的内容一字不落地都记下来。(be supposed to;scribble down)When he first arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed to scribble down every word out of the professor’s mouth.没有人觉察出他隐藏在笑容背后的绝望。(detect)Nobody detects his despair well hidden behind his smile.有些学生能轻松自如地与陌生人交谈，可有些学生却很难做到这一点。(be easy about)Some students are easy about talking with strangers, while some others find it hard to do so.他们这儿不卖薯条，如果你想吃，得去肯德基或麦当劳。(serve)

They don’t serve chips/French fries here.If you want them, you have to go to a KFC or McDonalds.他拣起一个核桃，想用锤子把它砸开，可没想到却把它砸碎了。(crack;crush)

He picked up a walnut and tried to crack it with a hammer, but instead he crushed it.当金子加热融化后，他们把金水倒进模子，铸成金条。(melt;mould)

When the gold was heated and melted, they poured it into a mould to form a gold bar.他承认是他打破了教室的窗玻璃。(admit to)

He admitted to breaking the window of the classroom.令我们欣喜的是，新的经济计划开始对经济发展产生积极影响。(have...effect on)

To our delight, the new economic policy is beginning to have a positive effect on the economy.老师很有可能不欣赏不会独立思考的学生。(not think much of…;think for oneself)

It is most likely that a teacher won’t think much of a student who cannot think for himself.他上中学的时候，几乎没有什么人被鼓励去做科学实验，更谈不上接受这方面的训练了。(hardly;much less)When he was in high school, hardly anyone had been encouraged, much less trained, to do scientific experiments.嫉妒是由懒惰和无知造成的。(the result of…)Envy is the result of laziness and ignorance.有些大学生是根据自己的专业来选择志愿服务的，而不是碰到什么就做什么。(volunteer job;rather than)Rather than picking any volunteer job, some college students choose activities based on their majors.最好的办法就是把学生分成若干小组，让他们针对具体的问题进行讨论。(break up …into …;focus on)The best approach is to break the students up into several groups so that they can focus their discussion on specific problems.据估计，目前中国4亿手机用户中，有大约一半人的隐私受到了威胁。(it is estimated that...;privacy)

It is estimated that today, to privacy of half of the 0.4 billion mobile phones subscribers is in danger.人们在购买生活必需品上的花费越少，他们安排诸如旅游等娱乐活动就越多。(the less...the more...)

The less people spend on daily necessities, the more arrangements they will make for leisure activities such as travelling.对我来说，旅游最大的好处就是可以去不同的地方，了解不同文化背景下人们的生活方式以及传统习俗。(What I especially like about...is...)

What I especially like about travelling is that I can go to different places and learn about particular lifestyles, conventions and customs in different cultures.在大多数情况下，文化碰撞激起的是人们对不同文化的好奇心，只有在极少数情况下，文化碰撞会造成尴尬。(culture bump;on rare occasions)

In most cases, cultural bumps arouse people’s curiosity about different cultures.Only on rare occasions can they cause embarrassment.你可以保留自主选择的权利，但作为一个成年人，你做事不要冲动。(reserve the right to;act on impulse)You can reserve the right to make your own choices, but as an adult, you should not act on impulse.那位身穿红衬衫的人突然收起假笑，露出他的本来面目。(turn off;false smile;true colours)Suddenly the man in the red shirt turned off his false smile and showed his true colours.妻子声称丈夫很懒，不愿做家务，丈夫对此予以坚决否认。(flatly;contradict)

The husband flatly contradicted his wife’s claim that he was too lazy to do the housework.经理已经做出保证，在他的任期结束之前，他不会离任。(pledge one's word;leave office;term)The manager pledged his word that he would not leave the office until the last day of his term.他没有意识到，对她美貌的迷恋使他对她的缺点视而不见。(blind v.)He didn’t realize that his fascination for her beauty had blinded him to her faults.当得知警察终于在树林里找到她的孩子时，这位年轻的太太流下了眼泪。(shed)On hearing that the police had finally found her child in the woods, the young lady shed tears.一定要先确认把邮票贴牢了，再把信投入信箱。(attach)Make sure the stamp is firmly attached to the letter before you drop it into the mailbox.很多青少年痴迷网络游戏，这会对他们的身心健康造成损害。(be addicted to)Many youngsters are addicted to net games, which can damage their physical and mental health.她坐在桌子旁边读报，看上去好像什么事也没发生过。(for all the world)She sat at the table reading the newspaper, looking for all the world as if nothing had happened.我本打算去购物中心购物以缓解压力，但后来我改主意了。我决定好好睡一觉。(change one's mind)

I had intended to reduce stress by shopping in the mall, but I changed my mind.I decided to have a good sleep instead.议会否决了总统提出的最新经济提案，因为它引起了广泛的批评。(reject;put forward;provoke)

他们对业余剧社的介绍给索菲留下了深刻的印象，于是她就报了名。(Amateur Dramatics;sign up for)Their introduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed up for it.网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受继续教育的机会。(work full time)Online education provides those who work full time with opportunities to receive further education in their spare time.刚上大学时，他不知道是否需要把老师讲的内容一字不落地都记下来。(be supposed to;scribble down)When he first arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed to scribble down every word out of the professor’s mouth.没有人觉察出他隐藏在笑容背后的绝望。(detect)Nobody detects his despair well hidden behind his smile.有些学生能轻松自如地与陌生人交谈，可有些学生却很难做到这一点。(be easy about)Some students are easy about talking with strangers, while some others find it hard to do so.他们这儿不卖薯条，如果你想吃，得去肯德基或麦当劳。(serve)

They don’t serve chips/French fries here.If you want them, you have to go to a KFC or McDonalds.他拣起一个核桃，想用锤子把它砸开，可没想到却把它砸碎了。(crack;crush)

He picked up a walnut and tried to crack it with a hammer, but instead he crushed it.当金子加热融化后，他们把金水倒进模子，铸成金条。(melt;mould)

When the gold was heated and melted, they poured it into a mould to form a gold bar.他承认是他打破了教室的窗玻璃。(admit to)

He admitted to breaking the window of the classroom.令我们欣喜的是，新的经济计划开始对经济发展产生积极影响。(have...effect on)

To our delight, the new economic policy is beginning to have a positive effect on the economy.老师很有可能不欣赏不会独立思考的学生。(not think much of…;think for oneself)

It is most likely that a teacher won’t think much of a student who cannot think for himself.他上中学的时候，几乎没有什么人被鼓励去做科学实验，更谈不上接受这方面的训练了。(hardly;much less)When he was in high school, hardly anyone had been encouraged, much less trained, to do scientific experiments.嫉妒是由懒惰和无知造成的。(the result of…)Envy is the result of laziness and ignorance.有些大学生是根据自己的专业来选择志愿服务的，而不是碰到什么就做什么。(volunteer job;rather than)Rather than picking any volunteer job, some college students choose activities based on their majors.最好的办法就是把学生分成若干小组，让他们针对具体的问题进行讨论。(break up …into …;focus on)The best approach is to break the students up into several groups so that they can focus their discussion on specific problems.据估计，目前中国4亿手机用户中，有大约一半人的隐私受到了威胁。(it is estimated that...;privacy)

It is estimated that today, to privacy of half of the 0.4 billion mobile phones subscribers is in danger.人们在购买生活必需品上的花费越少，他们安排诸如旅游等娱乐活动就越多。(the less...the more...)

The less people spend on daily necessities, the more arrangements they will make for leisure activities such as travelling.对我来说，旅游最大的好处就是可以去不同的地方，了解不同文化背景下人们的生活方式以及传统习俗。(What I especially like about...is...)

What I especially like about travelling is that I can go to different places and learn about particular lifestyles, conventions and customs in different cultures.在大多数情况下，文化碰撞激起的是人们对不同文化的好奇心，只有在极少数情况下，文化碰撞会造成尴尬。(culture bump;on rare occasions)

In most cases, cultural bumps arouse people’s curiosity about different cultures.Only on rare occasions can they cause embarrassment.你可以保留自主选择的权利，但作为一个成年人，你做事不要冲动。(reserve the right to;act on impulse)You can reserve the right to make your own choices, but as an adult, you should not act on impulse.那位身穿红衬衫的人突然收起假笑，露出他的本来面目。(turn off;false smile;true colours)Suddenly the man in the red shirt turned off his false smile and showed his true colours.妻子声称丈夫很懒，不愿做家务，丈夫对此予以坚决否认。(flatly;contradict)

The husband flatly contradicted his wife’s claim that he was too lazy to do the housework.经理已经做出保证，在他的任期结束之前，他不会离任。(pledge one's word;leave office;term)The manager pledged his word that he would not leave the office until the last day of his term.他没有意识到，对她美貌的迷恋使他对她的缺点视而不见。(blind v.)He didn’t realize that his fascination for her beauty had blinded him to her faults.当得知警察终于在树林里找到她的孩子时，这位年轻的太太流下了眼泪。(shed)On hearing that the police had finally found her child in the woods, the young lady shed tears.一定要先确认把邮票贴牢了，再把信投入信箱。(attach)Make sure the stamp is firmly attached to the letter before you drop it into the mailbox.很多青少年痴迷网络游戏，这会对他们的身心健康造成损害。(be addicted to)Many youngsters are addicted to net games, which can damage their physical and mental health.她坐在桌子旁边读报，看上去好像什么事也没发生过。(for all the world)She sat at the table reading the newspaper, looking for all the world as if nothing had happened.我本打算去购物中心购物以缓解压力，但后来我改主意了。我决定好好睡一觉。(change one's mind)

I had intended to reduce stress by shopping in the mall, but I changed my mind.I decided to have a good sleep instead.议会否决了总统提出的最新经济提案，因为它引起了广泛的批评。(reject;put forward;provoke

第三篇：新标准大学英语 综合教程1 答案Unit1-4

Unit 1

Active reading 1 Match the words and expressions in the boxwith their definitions.1 to make a sincere statement that you are telling the truth(swear)2 a piece of flesh that connects bones and moves a particular part of yourbody(muscle)3 to make you admire or respect someone(impress)4 to drink in small amounts(sip)5 a period of time between two events(gap)6 to arrive somewhere and give your personal details to the person workingat the reception desk(check in)5 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words and expressions in the box.There was only just enough room for two people.(barely)2 Be careful or you’ll accidentally pour your drink down your clothes.(spill)3 He was completely unaware of what to do in the library.(ignorant)4 She was very clever and got excellent grades.(intelligent)5 You write your name on the list to join the club.(sign up)6 She tells me that she’s definitely read the book.(assures)She assures me that she’s read the book.I need to go and buy some tea, I have finished it all.(run out of)I need to go and buy some tea, I have run out of it.6 Answer the questions about the words andexpressions.Is a warden likely to be(a)a teacher at the college, or(b)someonewho looks after the hall of residence? 2 Is a tutor likely to be(a)a teacher, or(b)astudent? 3 If you go along somewhere, do you(a)go to aplace and join other people there, or(b)walk a long way to get to a place? 4 If you rent out a room, do you(a)paint and decorate it, or(b)allow itto be used by someone who pays you regularly to use it? Active reading 2

Dealing with unfamiliar words Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box.1 When he speaks, people notice that he sounds Irish.(detect)2 Frank McCourt had read a lot of books which was deserving respect consideringhe had no high school education.(admirable)3 You can tell the students on the underground trains by the number ofbooks they carry.(subways)4 The woman in the admissions office suggests that his European educationis not good enough.(inadequate)5 The professor was writing very quickly in his notebook.(scribbling)6 Many immigrants came to America to escape extremely bad treatmentbecause of their race, religion or political beliefs in their own countries.(persecution)5 Answer the questions about the expressions.I’m in heaven Does this mean I’m(a)delighted, or(b)unhappy? ideas don’t drop fully formed from the skies Does this mean thatideas(a)need to be developed with careful thinking, or(b)areimmediately created through good teaching? 3 in the long run Does this mean(a)at a timein the future, or(b)with a great deal of effort? 4 frighten the life out of someone Does this mean(a)to makesomeone very ill, or(b)to make someone extremely afraid andnervous? Language in use with / without Match the sentences with the uses of with /without.1(a)2(b)3(a)4(c)5(c)6(d)2 Rewrite the sentences using with / without.Her tutor moves his head from side to side.He spills his coffee intothe saucer.With his head moving from side to side, her tutor spills his coffee intothe saucer.2 “Splendid,” he says.He doesn’t wait for an answer.“Splendid,” he says, without waiting for an answer.3 Frank McCourt speaks in class.He has an Irish accent.Frank McCourt speaks in class with an Irish accent.4 He plans to go on the subway.He has the books covered in purple andwhite NYU jackets.He plans to go on the subway with the books covered in purple and whiteNYU jackets.5 He’s only allowed to take two courses.He isn’t told why.He’s only allowed to take two courses without being told why.He would like to ask a question.He doesn’t like to raise his hand.He would like to ask a question without raising his hand.collocations Read the explanations of the words andexpressions.Answer the questions.climb When you climb into / out of / throughsomething, you do it with difficulty.(a)So why does the writer’s father climb out of the room? Because the room is very small.(b)Why would you climb into bed? You would climb into bed if you are so tired that it feels like a hugeeffort.(c)If you climb through a hole, what do you do with your body? You would probably need to bend over, and crawl through the hole.2 spill This word usually suggests several ideas: liquid,accidentally, movement and out of control.(a)What has happened if you’ve spilt coffee all over your desk? You have accidentally knocked over a cup / mug and the coffee has gone(uncontrolled)all over the desk.(b)What has happened if toys spilt out all over the carpet? The toys are in a container, such as a box, and either the box is too fullso some toys are falling out onto the carpet, or the box has been tipped over so most of the toys havefallen out of the box.(c)What might be happening if crowds were spilling out of the bars andrestaurants? Many people would be leaving the bars and restaurants all at once,probably because they were closing for the night.3 join When you join something, you become part of it.Thewriter joins a queue, and several clubs.(a)When might someone join a band? When they can play a musical instrument and want to play with others.(b)What has happened if you join the unemployed? You have lost your job and become unemployed.(c)What do you do when you join in? You do the same activity that most other people are doing.4 burst into This phrase suggests that something suddenly happens,or someone suddenly starts doing something.(a)What does the writer suddenly start doing when she bursts intotears? The writer suddenly starts crying.(b)What bursts into bloom? Flowers, when they emerge from buds.(c)What do you do when something bursts into flames? Put out the flames immediately if you can, or keep well clear and call theemergency services(the fire brigade).5 clean This word usually suggests several ideas: not dirty, notillegal or wrong, without problems, inoffensive.(a)If you’ve got a clean licence, what have or haven’t you done?

This refers to a driving licence.It means that you have been drivingsafely or at least you have no penalty points on the licence – a person gets such points as a punishmentafter breaking the law on the roads, eg speeding or causing an accident, and the licence then has anote on it(it’s not “clean”)

and the police have a record.(b)If you use clean language, what do you avoid saying? You avoid using swear words or other examples of bad language.(c)If something has a clean bill of health, is it healthy orworking correctly? Here this phrase is used metaphorically and means something is workingproperly, for example, a car might have a clean bill of health, after a check or test thatit is working properly.6 easy This word usually suggests that something is not difficultor doesn’t need much work.It can also suggest that a person is confident,happy and not worried about anything.(a)If someone is easy-going, how do they behave with other people? An easy-going person behaves in a relaxed, calm manner with othersand is happy to accept things without getting worried or angry.(b)If someone is easy on the eye, how do they look? A person who is easy on the eye is pleasant to look at inappearance and in the way they dress.(c)If something is easier said than done, is it more or lessdifficult to do? When something is easier said than done, it is easy to talk about,but difficult to achieve.(d)If someone tells you to “Take it easy”, what are they tellingyou to do? When they tell you to “Take it easy” they can mean either of twothings: You should rest and not do things that will make you tired, or you should keep calm, being less upsetor angry.4 Complete the sentences using thecollocations in Activity 3.If ever I spill out of my clothes, it’s because I have put on a lot of weight and my clothesdon’t fit me any more.2 The last time someone made me burst into tears was when I was asmall child and someone hurt me.3 I always use clean language when I talk to my teachers or parents.4 It was easier said than done when someone suggested that we should put the flag on thetop of the mountain.5 I’ll never forget the time when I had to climb through a window becauseI was locked out of the house.6 Unfortunately I spilt water over myassignment, so I had to print another copy.7 When my friends suggested that they wanted to play football on thebeach, I decided to join in.8 When the cherry trees burst into bloom, I think of myvisit to Japan two years ago.9 I would only lose my clean licence if ever I had acar accident in which I was driving under the influence of alcohol.10 The people I think are easy on the eye are attractiveand pleasant to look at.5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.1 Finally, with my mother red in the face and short of breath, we find Room8, I unlock the door, and we all walk in.等我们终于找到8号房间的时候，妈妈已经涨红了脸，累得上气不接下气。我打开门锁，我们都走了进去。2 She impresses me, and I feel so ignorant that I shouldn’t even breathethe same air as her.她给我留下了深刻的印象，我觉得自己太无知了，甚至不配跟她呼吸同样的空气。I don’t know why I have to be introduced to literature but the woman inthe admissions office says it’s a requirement even though I’ve read Dostoyevskyand Melville and that’s admirable for someone without a high school education.我不知道为什么我非得了解文学。可是招生办公室的那位女士说，虽然我读过陀思妥耶夫斯基和梅尔维尔的小说，虽然一个没上过高中的人能读这些书的确令人敬佩，但这门课是必修课。I’m in heaven and the first thing to do is buy the required textbooks,cover them with the purple and white NYU book jackets so that people in thesubway will look at me admiringly.我乐得飘飘然了，第一件事就是去买所需要的课本，然后用纽约大学紫白相间的护封把它们套起来，这样地铁里的乘客就会向我投来艳羡的目光了。Then the professor tells us ideas don’t drop fully formed from theskies, that the Pilgrims were, in the long run, children of the Reformationwith an accompanying world-view and their attitudes to children were soinformed.接着，教授告诉我们，观念并不是从天而降的现成品。从长远来看，清教徒是宗教改革运动的 产物，他们继承了宗教改革运动的世界观，并且他们对孩子的态度也由此体现了宗教改革运动 的思想。Translate the sentences into English.他们对业余剧社的介绍给苏菲留下了深刻的印象，于是她就报了名。(Amateur Dramatics;sign up for)Theirintroduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed upfor it.2 网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受继续教育的机会。(work full time)Onlineeducation provides those who work full time with opportunities to receivefurther education in their spare time.3 刚上大学时，他不知道是否需要把老师讲的内容一字不落地都记下来。(be supposed to;scribble down)When hefirst arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed toscribble down every word out of the professor’s mouth.4 没有人觉察出他隐藏在笑容背后的绝望。(detect)No onedetects his despair well hidden behind his smile.5 有些学生能轻松自如地与陌生人交谈，可有些学生却很难做到这一点。(be easy about)Somestudents are easy about talking with strangers, while some others find it hardto do so.Unit 2

Active reading one

Dealing with unfamiliar words 3 Match the words in the box with theirdefinitions.honest about the situation or your opinions, even if this offends people(frank)2 a place that many people go to for a holiday(resort)3 tasting extremely good(yummy)4 containing a lot of liquid, so tasting good(juicy)5 dark in a way that makes you feel sad or a little afraid(gloomy)6 lack of experience of life(innocence)7 the ability to understand and make good judgments about something(perception)8 ideas, behaviour, or statements that are not true or sensible(nonsense)4 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box.1 The waves were very large in size as they fell onto the beach.(enormous)2 There was so much seafood that it was holding tightly onto the plate.(clinging)3 In the area of land where they were visiting, it wasn’t usual to eatfish and chips.(region)4 When he had eaten the shellfish, he got rid of the shells.(discarded)5 To eat shellfish you need special tools to break open the shells and digout the food.(implements;crack;scrape)6 The boy was especially fond of his mother’s bread and cakes from theoven.(baking)7 Because they’re smooth, wet and quite difficult to hold, it’s quite achallenge to try your first oysters.(slippery)5 Answer the questions about the words in thebox.1 Which word means feeling?(emotion)2 Which word means a feeling that a situation is so bad that there’s nothingyou can do to change it?(despair)3 Which word means to say you’re not happy with someone or something?(complain)4 Which word describes how your face looks when you’re annoyed or worriedabout something?(frown)5 Which word describes something that is unpleasant to taste, smell orsee?(nasty)6 Which word means to say something to someone in order to have fun byembarrassing or annoying them slightly?(tease)Active reading 2

Dealing withunfamiliar words Answer the questions about the words andexpressions in the box.Is something stimulating likely to make you feel(a)moreactive, or(b)more passive? 2 Are the properties of chocolate likely to be(a)itsfeatures, or(b)the way it’s made? 3 If one thing accounts for another, does it explain(a)themeaning of it, or(b)the reason for it? 4 Is something that is manufactured something(a)handmade, or(b)made in afactory? 5 If chocolate helps release hormones from the brain, does it(a)help causehormones to leave the brain, or(b)contain hormones, then let them go? 6 If you crush something, do you(a)press itstrongly, or(b)squeeze it gently? 7 If you have inherited something, have you got it from(a)society, or(b)your parents? 8 When something melts, does it become(a)solid, or(b)liquid? 9 When you confess something, would you(a)tellpeople, or(b)not tell them? 5 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box.For a(1)product which you enjoy but don’t really need, chocolate is extremely(2)beneficial to your health.Chocolate as we know it today first appeared inthe 1800s, when liquid chocolate was poured into a(3)shaped container to cooland become solid.Then the chocolate(4)maker Lindt discovered how to make chocolate(5)break easily by adding extra cocoa butter, and Daniel Peter first made milkchocolate using milk which had been(6)concentrated and then mixed with cocoa paste,which gave it a smoother(7)taste.But the(8)appeal for so many people ofchocolate is both an(9)inherited(10)characteristic and an effect of the 300chemicals it contains, including vitamins.Key:(1)luxury(2)nourishing(3)mould(4)manufacturer(5)snap(6)condensed(7)flavour(8)popularity(9)genetic(10)trait

Language in use

giving extrainformation 1 Rewrite the sentences.The restaurant was in a French seaside resort by the Atlantic Ocean.Youget excellent seafood from the Atlantic Ocean.The restaurant was in a French seaside resort by the Atlantic Ocean, whereyou get excellent seafood.2 My father had decided to take me for lunch to a restaurant.He wanted meto try my first oyster.My father, who wanted me to try my first oyster, had decided to take mefor lunch to a restaurant.3 The oyster was unlike anything I have ever tasted before or since.Itwas slippery.The oyster, which was slippery, was unlike anything I have ever tastedbefore or since.4 Chocolate is made from the beans of the cacao tree, Theobroma cacao.Theobroma cacao means “food of the gods”.Chocolate is made from the beans of the cacao tree, Theobroma cacao, whichmeans “food of the gods”.The world’s best-selling type of chocolate, milk chocolate, didn’tappear until the end of the 19th century.Milk chocolate is sweeter and smoother than dark chocolate.The world’s best-selling type of chocolate, milk chocolate, which issweeter and smoother than dark chocolate, didn’t appear until the end of the 19th century.Daniel Peter perfected the process of making milk chocolate.He was Swiss.Daniel Peter, who was Swiss, perfected the process of making milkchocolate.leaving out words Rewrite the sentences.1...and the waiter had already brought an enormous portion of seafood, crabs,prawns, lobsters and all sorts of shellfish which were clinging onto each other......and the waiter had already brought an enormous portion of seafood, crabs,prawns, lobsters and all sorts of shellfish clinging onto each other...2 On his plate was a pile of discarded lobster claws, and alongside was abattery of implements which were used to crack the shells...On his plate was a pile of discarded lobster claws, and alongside was abattery of implements used to crack the shells...3 The next development was learning how to get cocoa butter from the beans,a process which was first tried in 1825.The next development was learning how to get cocoa butter from the beans,a process first tried in 1825.4 Condensed milk is a thick, sweet milk which is sold in cans.Condensed milk is a thick, sweet milk sold in cans.5 Hormones are a chemical substance which is produced by your body.Hormones are a chemical substance produced by your body.word formation Form new words with the following words andthe prefixes / suffixes in the table.air – airsick car – carsick fiction – non-fiction help – helpful sea – seasick shop – shopaholic smoker – non-smoker spoon – spoonful stop – non-stop work – workaholic 4 Answer the questions with the words youformed in Activity 3.What’s the word for: how you feel if the sea makes you ill?(seasick)2 someone who likes shopping a lot?(shopaholic)3 what something is if it is useful and providing help?(helpful)4 what a flight is if it goes directly from one place to another?(non-stop)5 someone who doesn’t smoke?(non-smoker)6 writing which is about real people and events, not imaginary ones?(non-fiction)5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.Outside the skies were grey and a strong wind was blowing off the sea.It looked as gloomy as I felt.外面，天空灰蒙蒙的，海面上刮来一阵强风。天气看起来和我的心情一样阴郁。“Now, stop complaining, try one oyster for me, then you can have somethingnice and easy to eat, maybe some prawns with bread and butter,” he suggested,striking a note of compromise for the first time during the whole meal.“好啦，别抱怨了，就给我尝一只牡蛎，然后你就可以吃些好吃、顺口的东西，比如对虾加黄油面包。”他提议说。吃了这么长时间的饭，他的话中第一次有了妥协的意思。But with the clear conception which only a ten-year-old boy can have, Istill understood that the compromise included eating that oyster, sitting on the side of my father’splate.但是，尽管清晰地感觉到了他的妥协——只有一个十岁的男孩才有这样的感觉，我仍然明白这妥协包含着吃掉那只牡蛎，那只放在我父亲的盘子边上的牡蛎。The chocolate sets into bars which will easily snap into pieces and thenmelt in the mouth.（添加了可可油后）巧克力凝固成易折断的条块，入口即化。But what accounts for its amazing popularity or even the properties thathave made millions of peopleconfess to being chocaholics? 但是，是什么原因使得巧克力出奇地畅销？又是什么原因导致了巧克力的上瘾特性，使无数人承认自己是巧克力迷呢？ Translate the sentences into English.他们这儿不卖薯条，如果你想吃，得去肯德基或麦当劳。(serve)They don’t serve chips / French fries here.If you want them, you have togo to a KFC or McDonald’s.他拣起一个核桃，想用锤子把它砸开，可没想到却把它砸碎了。(crack;crush)He picked up a walnut and tried to crack it with a hammer, but instead hecrushed it.3 当金子加热融化后，他们把金水倒进模子，铸成金条。(melt;mould)When the gold was heated and melted, they poured it into a mould to form agold bar.4 他承认是他打破了教室的窗玻璃。(admit to)He admitted to breaking the window of the classroom.5 令我们欣喜的是，新的经济计划开始对经济发展产生积极影响。(have „ effecton)

To our delight, the new economic policy is beginning to have a positive effecton the economy.Unit 3

Active reading one

Dealing with unfamiliar words Match the words in the box with theirdefinitions.to move your body so it is closer to or further from someone orsomething(lean)2 a total amount made by adding several numbers or amounts together(sum)3 the ability to think about and plan for the future, using intelligenceand imagination(vision)4 used for emphasizing that something refers to one specific situation(particularly)5 a feeling that you do not trust someone or something(suspicion)6 to press or move your hands or an object over a surface(rub)5 Answer the questions about the words andexpressions in the box.If you are doing an advanced course in something, is it at(a)a highlevel, or(b)a low level? 2 If you peer at something, is it(a)difficult, or(b)easy tosee? 3 If you get a glimpse of something, do you see it(a)clearly andfor a long time, or(b)not very clearly and for a short time? 4 Is a radical idea(a)traditional and widely accepted, or(b)new anddifferent?(This word indicates some fundamental changes in ideas or actions.)5 If you are in agony about something, do you feel(a)in painand uncomfortable, or(b)happy and comfortable? 6 If you do something in the presence of someone, are they(a)with you, or(b)somewhere else? 7 If someone affirmed something, did they(a)show theyrespect and approve of it, or(b)not respect or disapprove of it? 8 If you do something on purpose, do you(a)mean to doit, or(b)do itby accident? 6 Complete the sentences with the correctform of the words and expressions in the boxes in Activities 4 and 5.Many people greet radical ideas with suspicion because they areafraid of change.2 Looking at the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci, you feel as if you are inthe presence of a genius whohad an extraordinary vision of the future.3 You need to peer closely at the figures on the board, particularly as thehandwriting is so bad.4 It doesn’t take an advanced level ofintelligence to realize that you need at least two numbers to be ableto workout the sum.5 If you lean forwards, you may see the star as he comes out of the theatre, but you’llprobably only catcha glimpse of him.I rubbed some medicine onto the wound hoping to stop the pain, but I’m still in agony.7 Tom’s excellent exam results affirmed the teacher’sfaith in his ability.8 The police think the fire was started on purpose.7 Answer the questions about the words andexpressions.If you thwart something, do you(a)stop it, or(b)encourage it? 2 If there is a dearth of something, is there(a)a lot of it, or(b)not enough? 3 Does unmitigated encouragement suggest(a)completely positive,or(b)slightly negative support? 4 If a teacher is maligned by their pupils, do you think they say(a)nice things, or(b)bad things about theteacher? 5 If you humiliate someone, do you make them feel(a)good, or(b)upset andembarrassed? 6 If someone speaks at length, do they speak(a)for a longtime, or(b)for a short time? 7 If something is prevalent, does it occur(a)often, or(b)notvery often?

Active reading 2

Dealing with unfamiliar words Match the words in the box with theirdefinitions.to connect or combine two or more things so that together they form aneffective unit(integrate)2 involving a lot of imagination and new ideas(creative)3 connecting ideas in a sensible way(logical)4 to move something from one place to another(transfer)5 expressing an opinion when you think something is wrong or bad(critical)(This definition is only one aspect of this word.Being critical does notalways refer to a negative aspect of something.Ss can look in a dictionary forother definitions.)6 working well and producing the result that was intended(effective)7 to recognize something and understand exactly what it is(identify)8 to create or produce(generate)9 to remember something(recall)5 Complete the passage with the correct formof the words in Activity 4.Writing an essay requires a number of special skills.One of these is to(1)transfer information from different sources into a single, short document.Another is to present anargument which is(2)logical and easy tounderstand.And, of course, to be(3)effective an essay shouldbe properly planned and researched.Luckily, the Internet can help you withthis research.Most students these days(4)integrate their own readingof a subject with Internet searches.But it is not easy to use the Internet.You should always be(5)critical of what you findand not just use the first web page.A quick search of the Web for a particulartopic may(6)generate thousands of hits, but you must be able to(7)identify the informationyou need.You should be able to(8)recall where you foundit too, because it is important to refer to your sources of information.Andfinally, you need to be(9)creative – because an essay should be an original piece of work.6 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box.You may need to make other changes.Doing a doctorate makes it possible to become an expert in a particularfield.(specialize)2 I remember the main point of what he was saying, but I can’t rememberwhere it was we had the conversation.(thrust;the setting in which)3 It’s a very long and difficult book, and I’m afraid people may feel undergreat pressure when they turnthe first pages.(overwhelmed)4 Ours is a small university, but the teaching is organized in a sensibleand practical way.(rational)5 Students can get help with money.(financial)Students can get financial help.6 The amount of help is different from one university to another.(extent;varies)7 Answer the questions about the words andexpressions.If you hone a skill, do you(a)improve it, or(b)forgetit?(The word hone also indicates the improvement of a skill that isalready well-developed.)2 If you strike a balance between two things, do you(a)choose oneof them, or(b)find a middle way? 3 Is an open-ended discussion one which(a)doesn’tcome to a conclusion, or(b)anyone can join in? 4 If you assimilate information, are you likely to(a)take it inand use it effectively, or(b)analyze it and reject it asirrelevant? 5 Is something which is subjective likely to be based on(a)fact,or(b)your own feelings or ideas? 6 If you get bogged down in something, are you(a)enjoying it, or(b)not ableto get free from it? 7 Is a step-by-step approach likely to(a)jump to a conclusion, or(b)moveforwards slowly and logically?

Language in use much Match the sentences with the uses of much.1(b)2(c)3(a)2 Rewrite the sentences using not think muchof.1 I didn’t think that lesson was very good.I didn’t think much of that lesson.None of us like the timetable we’ve been given for this term.None of us think much of the timetable we’ve been given for this term.3 I’m afraid I’ve got strong doubts about what I’ve written.I’m afraid I don’t think much of what I’ve written.4 Our professor is always criticizing this book.Our professor doesn’t think much of this book.5 I don’t like the theme of this week’s essay.I don’t think much of the theme of this week’s essay.I don’t agree with Honey and Mumford’s ideas about learning types.I don’t think much of Honey and Mumford’s ideas about learning types.3 Complete the sentences using much rather ormuch prefer.1 I’d much rather work in thelibrary than in my room.2 Li would much rather study with afriend than on her own.3 Personally I much prefer taking notes to being givenphotocopies.4 Some people would much rather start writingstraight away than spend a lot oftime reading.Now write two more sentences about your ownstudy preferences.Use much rather and much prefer.• I would much rather listen to lecturesthan read the lecture notes.• I would much prefer asking questionsafter class to asking questions in class.4 Rewrite the sentences using much less.I can’t even say two words in Chinese, so I definitely can’t speak thelanguage.I can’t even say two words in Chinese, much less speak the language.Basic study skills are often not taught here, and certainly notpractised.Basic study skills are often not taught here, much less practised.3 Nobody has even started the essay, let alone finished it.Nobody has even started the essay, much less finished it.4 Hardly anyone in the room heard what the lecturer was saying, and so ofcourse they didn’t understand him.Hardly anyone in the room heard what the lecturer was saying, much lessunderstood him.5 I haven’t got a PC in my room, so obviously I haven’t got an Internetconnection.I haven’t got a PC in my room, much less an Internet connection.I didn’t dare say anything after the lesson, let alone criticize what hesaid.I didn’t dare say anything after the lesson, much less criticize what hesaid.while / when +participle 5 Rewrite the sentences.When you choose a course, think about the amount of study it willrequire.When choosing a course, you should think about the amount of study it willrequire.2 When you are writing an essay, you should keep in mind the main theme.When writing an essay, you should keep in mind the main theme.3 Always keep a record of your sources when you do research on theInternet.Always keep a record of your sources when doing research on the Internet.4 Our lecturer uses PowerPoint while he is explaining basic concepts.Our lecturer uses PowerPoint while explaining basic concepts.5 I had a brilliant idea while I was sitting in the library this morning.I had a brilliant idea while sitting in the library this morning.subject-verbinversion Rewrite the sentences using subject-verbinversion.If I had known what this week’s lecture was about, I wouldn’t have gone.Had I known what this week’s lecture was about, I wouldn’t have gone.2 I would have corrected the work, if I had noticed the mistake.I would have corrected the work had I noticed the mistake.3 If you had thought about this a little earlier, you wouldn’t be introuble now.Had you thought about this a little earlier, you wouldn’t be in troublenow.4 If he had shared his ideas with us, we would have made some progress.Had he shared his ideas with us, we would have made some progress.5 They would have improved the facilities, if they had received more moneyfrom the government.They would have improved the facilities had they received more money fromthe government.7 Complete the sentences about yourself usingthe inversion structure Had I + verb.1 I would have enjoyed myself more had I had ahigher university entrance exam score for computer science.2 Had I known about this football match, I would havemade different arrangements for the weekend.3 I wouldn’t have worked so hard had I known the exam was so easy.4 Had I received this college’s information earlier, I would havegone to a different college.8 Translate the sentences into Chinese.When was the last organizational vision statement you saw that includedthe words “„ to develop ourselves into a model environment in which everyone at every level canthink for themselves”?

“„„在我们周围逐渐创建出一个模型环境，使各个层次的人都有独立思考的空间。”你最后一次看到包含上述字眼的机构愿景陈述是在什么时候？ Had she affirmed our intelligence first and spoken about the joy of thinkingfor ourselves, had she not fanned our fear of her, we would all have learnedeven more powerfully what it meant to do our own thinking.And we might havebeen able to think well around her too.要是她一开始就肯定我们的聪明才智，给我们讲讲独立思考的乐趣，要是她没有激起我们对她的畏惧，我们大家就能更深切地体会到独立思考的意义。而且，我们在她面前也会更好地开动脑筋、思考问题。Like everyone else, students have their fair share of problems.Gettingto know a new environment, forming relationships with other students, and surviving on limitedfinancial resources are all typical problems.和其他人一样，学生们也有他们自己必须面对的问题。典型的问题包括熟悉新环境、与其他同学相处，以及靠有限的经济来源维持生活。Talk to some of your friends after a lecture or a tutorial and you willprobably find they remember different things about it – which may be more or less relevant to theteacher’s aims.下课后或个别指导后，如果你和朋友们聊一聊，你可能会发现他们所记住的东西不尽相同，但或多或少都与老师的教学目的相关。Effective reading requires you to vary your rate and style of readingaccording both to the type of reading material and your purpose in reading it.有效的阅读需要你根据不同的阅读材料和阅读目的来调整阅读的速度和方式。9 Translate thesentences into English.老师很有可能不欣赏不会独立思考的学生。(not think muchof „;think for oneself)It is most likely that teachers won’t think much of students who cannotthink for themselves.2 他上中学的时候，几乎没有什么人去做科学实验，更谈不上接受这方面的训练了。(hardly;much less)When he was in high school, hardly anyone did scientific experiments, muchless had training in this respect.3 嫉妒是由懒惰和无知造成的。(the result of„)Envy is the result of laziness and ignorance.4 有些大学生是根据自己的专业来选择志愿服务的，而不是碰到什么就做什么。(volunteer job;rather than)Rather than picking any volunteer job, some college students chooseactivities based on their majors.5 最好的办法就是把学生分成若干小组，让他们针对具体的问题进行讨论。(break up „ into„;focus on)

The best approach is to break the students up into several groups so that theycan focus their discussion on specific problems.Unit 4

Active reading 1

Dealing with unfamiliar words Answer the questions about the words fortelephoning.1 What do subscribers pay for? Subscribers pay for line rental so that they will be able to make phonecalls.In other contexts, they may pay for newspapers, magazines or being amember of a club or professional association.2 What part of the phone is the handset? The handset is the part that you hold in your hand.3 What can you do if you’re in range of a mobile signal? If you’re in range of a mobile signal, you can make and receive calls.4 What kind of phone is a house phone? A house phone is a landline phone(a fixed phone for the whole house).5 If you can use a mobile anywhere, where can you use a landline? You can use a landline only where there is a wire connection(thetelephone signals are carried by a line).6 What has happened if you receive voicemail? If you receive voicemail, it means that someone has left a spoken messagewhich has been recorded on your phone so that you can listen to it later.5 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words and expressions in the box.You may need to makeother changes.The businessman uses his mobile in his free time, while he mostly useshis landline at work.(whereas)2 The businessman and the working mother don’t consider their mobilephones to be a basic and important part of their lives.(essential)The businessman and the working mother don’t consider their mobile phonesto be an essential.3 When she didn’t have her mobile, she became confident and not afraid ofpeople.(bold)4 Nothing usually gets in the way of my social life, but on this occasion,not having a mobile phone meant I spent three days alone.(interfereswith)5 The passage describes the strong effect of mobile phones on their lives.(impact)6 Soon the mobile signal will be increased to cover the whole of London.(extended)6 Complete the paragraph with the correctform of the words in the box.Information technology in general and mobile phones in particular havebeen important in bringing about an(1)utter change to our lifestyles.But the problem with mobile phones is that theycan(2)distract you from doing your job.The businessman gives his mobile phone number to(3)practically everyone he knows.Without his mobile, he isn’t necessarily able to do thingsimpulsively.He(4)speculates that he could give up his mobile, but life would be rather(5)tedious and dull withoutit.The schoolgirl has to make social arrangements on thelandline at home in order to avoid having a(6)solitary life for a few days.At firstthe working mother thinks it’s(7)risky not to have amobile phone, as her family might be in danger.Herfirst(8)impulse is to worry that they couldn’t contact her, although they think she’smaking a(9)fuss about not having a mobile.Finally she feels it is like(10)therapy when no one interruptsher.Active reading 2

Dealing with unfamiliar words Match the words in the box with theirdefinitions.the distance from one side of an object to the other(breadth)2 a hit or knock to a part of your body(bump)3 slightly nervous, worried, or upset about something(uneasy)4 strange and unusual, sometimes in a way that upsets you(weird)5 thinking seriously about something(thoughtful)6 a feeling that you do not understand something or cannot decide what todo(confusion)7 the attitude of someone who is willing to accept someone else’s beliefs,way of life etc without criticizing them even if they disagree with them(tolerance)8 the ability to notice things(awareness)9 to include something as a necessary part of an activity, event or situation(involve)5 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box.When you meet people from other cultures, there will be many(1)timeswhen someone behaves in a way which you(2)notice as being unusual, but whichis(3)acceptable in their culture.If it(4)attracts your(5)attention, it’s all right to(6)ask about cultural differences,because people are(7)usually happy to(8)reply.But don’t worry if you areunsure about what to do or what to say.Just remember that finding out aboutcultural differences should give you pleasure and not(9)unhappiness anddiscomfort.Key:(1)occasions(2)perceive(3)conventional(4)arouses(5)curiosity(6)inquire(7)generally(8)respond(9)misery

Language in use it + passive voice Rewrite the sentences using it + passivevoice.Russell Crowe couldn’t get a call out to Australia.Someone said this.It was said that Russell Crowe couldn’t get a call out to Australia.2 Mobile phones have been the biggest factor of change in everyday behaviourin Britain over the past 15 years.Someone has claimed this.It has been claimed that mobile phones have been the biggest factor of changein everyday behaviour in Britain over the past 15 years.3 When told “Have a nice day!”, an Englishman replied “I’m sorry, I’vemade other arrangements.”

Someone reported this.It was reported that when told “Have a nice day!”, an Englishman replied“I’m sorry, I’ve made other arrangements.” 4 You don’t need to say “Thank you” in Spanish as much as you do inEnglish.Someone has suggested this.It has been suggested that you don’t need to say “Thank you” in Spanish asmuch as you do in English.5 Disneyland is a typically American place.Someone thinks this.It is thought that Disneyland is a typically American place.6 Good communication is as stimulating as black coffee.Someone hasbelieved this.It has been believed that good communication is as stimulating as blackcoffee.over Complete the sentences about yourself usingover.I’ve owned a mobile phone over the last three years or so.2 Over the winter I’ve called my parents every week.Over the summer my best friends and I wenttravelling to South China.4 Over the last semester my social life has been very limited:I think I need a better study-life balance.5 Over the last year the number of people from different culturesI’ve met is quite extraordinary, compared to the few I met in middle school.6 Over the last two weeks my favourite expression in English has been “Go on, youcan do it!”

emphatic structures with what Rewrite the sentences using the emphaticstructure with what.1 Life can be solitary without a mobile phone.I rediscovered this.What I rediscovered was that life can be solitary without a mobile phone.2 My mobile phone is an essential, not a luxury.I think this.What I think is that my mobile phone is an essential, not a luxury.3 The people who needed to, got hold of me.I found this.What I found was that the people who needed to, got hold of me.4 People kiss each other four times.This happens in Paris.What happens in Paris is that people kiss each other four times.5 By not saying “Thank you” so often, he was perceived to be rude.Hedidn’t understand this.What he didn’t understand was that by not saying “Thank you” so often, hewas perceived to be rude.4 Translate the sentences into Chinese.1 Mobile phones have been the biggest factor of change in everyday behaviourin Britain over the past 15 years.Today it is thought that there are more than55 million mobile phone subscribers, a rise from less than 10 million in 1997.在过去的15年里，手机已成为改变英国人日常行为方式的最主要的因素。据估计，目前英国手机用户已超过5,500万，而在1997年还不足1,000万。Now it has been announced that the signal range throughout London willbe extended, nowhere in London will be beyond the reach of a mobile phone, noteven the Underground.现在有消息说，伦敦的手机信号覆盖范围将拓展延伸。以后，在伦敦的每一个角落都有手机信号，就连地铁也不例外。This subject of research aroused my interest and took me the length andbreadth of France.这个研究话题激起了我的兴趣，为此，我走遍了法国各地。4 These episodes and incidents all involve a cultural bump, somethingwhich you notice usually with curiosity, usually with pleasure, occasionally with shock orembarrassment.这些插曲、事件都包含着文化碰撞，使你感到好奇、愉悦，但偶尔也会让你感到震惊或尴尬。5 But it’s not a matter of knowing all the conventions and rituals indifferent cultures.It’s impossible

to collect all the information you might need to be relaxed in the manydifferent cultures around the world.但是这不等于说我们需要悉数掌握不同文化的风俗习惯和礼仪。丰富的知识能使你自如地应对世界各国不同的文化，但是你不可能掌握全部必备的知识。5 Translate the sentences into English.据估计，目前中国4亿手机用户中，有大约一半人的隐私受到了威胁。(it is estimatedthat „;privacy)

It is estimated that today, the privacy of half of the 0.4 billion mobilephone subscribers is in danger.2 人们在购买生活必需品上的花费越少，他们安排的诸如旅游等娱乐活动就越多。(the less „ the more„)

The less people spend on daily necessities, the more arrangements they willmake for leisure activities, such as travelling.3 对我来说，旅游最大的好处就是可以去不同的地方，了解不同文化背景下人们的生活方式以及传统习俗。(What Iespecially like about „ is „)What I especially like about travelling is that I can go to differentplaces and learn about particular lifestyles, conventions and customs in different cultures.4 在大多数情况下，文化碰撞激起的是人们对不同文化的好奇心，只有在极少数情况下，文化碰撞会造成尴尬。(culture bump;on rare occasions)In most cases, cultural bumps arouse people’s curiosity about different cultures.Only on rare occasions can they cause embarrassment.5 你可以保留自主选择的权利，但作为一个成年人，你做事不要冲动。(reserve theright to;act on impulse)You can reserve the right to make your own choices, but as an adult, youshould not act on impulse.

第四篇：新标准大学英语综合教程2翻译

新标准大学英语综合教程2翻译政府采取的一系列措施不但没有化解矛盾，反倒激起更多的暴力冲突。反对党联合工会发动了一次大罢工，最终导致政府的垮台。(give rise to;form an alliance with;launch;bring about)

Instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes.The Opposition formed an alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government.如今，大学与现实世界的距离越来越小，学生也变得越来越实际。从前，大学是一象牙塔，学者追求的是学问本身而不是把学问作为达到目的的手段，但这样的时代已经一去不复返了。(shrink;gone are the days;a means to an end)

Nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and the students are becoming more and more practical.Gone are the days when the university was an ivory tower in which scholars purs一看见抽屉里的那些老照片，我的眼泪就涌了出来。它们让我想起了我跟爷爷奶奶、爸爸妈妈、兄弟姐妹一起生活的美好时光。(the moment;well up)

The moment I saw those old photos in the drawer, tears welled up in my eyes, for my memory went back to the days when I lived happily with my grandparents, my parents and my brothers and sisters.ued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end.4上星期六上午，我像往常一样去超市购物。我刚要打开车门，却发现没带钱包。我只好回家去找，可是哪儿也找不到。(do the usual;do nothing but;fail to do)Last Saturday morning, I did the usual and went shopping in the supermarket.When I was about to open the door of my car, I found that I did not have my wallet on me.I could do nothing but go back home in search of it, but I failed to find it anywhere.5这些文件很重要，内容要绝对保密。如果要处理掉的话，应先把它们切碎，而不是直接当垃圾扔掉。(content of which;tear up;instead of)

These are important documents, the content of which should be kept strictly confidential.If you need to dispose them, you must shred them instead of throwing them out with the trash.6现在，像伪造支票、身份证和信用卡这类的白领犯罪已变得相当普遍。尽管我们学会了许多防止被骗的招数，可是看起来我们随时都可能被骗。(forge;prevent…from)Nowadays, white-collar crimes such as forging checks, ID cards and credit cards have become very common.Though we have learnt much about how to prevent ourselves from being cheated, it seems that we could be its victims at any time.

第五篇：新标准大学英语综合教程4课文翻译1-10单元

第一单元 依我看

依我看，现实生活与人们想象的不一样。我们上了12 年的中、小学，又上了3 年的大学，这期间老师们一直在没完没了地谈论在安宁的学生生活之外那个广阔天地里的各种机会，可我遇到的又是什么呢？无论我怎么想保持心情愉快，麻烦事总是接踵而来：有时是跟人争吵（尤其是跟男孩，天哪！他们什么时候才能长大？），但通常是为钱发愁。这个地方什么东西都很贵！人人都想从我身上拿点钱去：国税局要收个人所得税，银行经理要我偿清学生贷款，房东催我交房租、燃气费、水费、电费，手机账单也不断地寄来。所有这些还没算上吃饭的钱。更可气的是，不知从哪里冒出一个自作聪明的家伙冷不丁地给我打电话，问我要不要买养老金。照这样下去，我连今年都活不过去了，更别提活到60 岁领养老金了。我那时还不想出去工作。我的意思是，我并不是个中途辍学者，但我知道自己以后可能不得不退学。许多人认为“生活不是野餐”，“没有免费的午餐”。但既然我拿到了优等生文凭，我想我应该继__续攻读硕士学位。实际上，我已经瞄上了伦敦经济学院的课程，这是一所顶尖的学校，能给我的履历表增添一段光彩的经历。但当我跟妈妈谈起这件事时，她说她没法继续供我上学了。我大概能理解她的心情，这不仅仅是因为我学的是经济学。15 年来，为了能让我上学，她含辛茹苦。这些年来，父亲大部分时间都不在家。就算在家，他也没钱。他把钱都拿去赌狗、喝酒了。我听了妈妈的话，向命运低下了头。

依我看，不管人们说什么，幸运的是世上还是有很多好心人。麦克就是其中的一个。大学毕业时，我想如果我回家，妈妈会觉得她有责任照顾我。所以，我就收拾行李去伦敦找工作。我想找金融和投资方面的职位，因为你知道这样我就可以用上我的专业知识。可是那时候已经没有这样的工作了，我又不愿意做乏味的办公室工作，复印文件、端茶倒水什么的。

无论你走到伦敦的什么地方，你都能找到一个好酒吧。有一天，我意识到这个城里没有人会雇我，我走进位于特荷街的索尔兹伯里酒吧去喝一杯，顺便吃点东西。店主麦克正在店里，他一只手倒酒，一只手做三明治，同时还洗酒杯。他真的好像有三只手。他好像也认识所有的客人，叫得出常客的名字。他跟他们打招呼，帮他们调好酒后问一句：“今天还喝这个，是吧？”我觉得他看起来蛮酷的，他在做着他最擅长做的事情：为那些口渴的顾客服务，没人能比得上他。所以我就走上前去问他要不要雇人。

好吧，长话短说，某个周五的午餐时间我开始在那个酒吧打工。这份工作要求很高，但我喜欢干。顾客好像觉得我挺逗乐的，这也让我感觉好一些。有位穿西服的中年常客总要半品脱苦啤酒，一份火腿泡菜三明治，面包皮要消掉。他叫托尼。我一看见他进来，不等他开口就开始准备他的午餐，他也是那些好心人之一。

依我看，一个人没钱的时候花钱最容易。我开始琢磨怎么花第一个月的薪水了。我住的公寓房租很贵，我挣的钱刚够支付第一个月的大笔账单，但是我估计还能剩点钱好好犒劳一下自己。我想，何不买张CD 或买盆花草装点一下房间？

发工资的那天正好是我的生日，除了麦克和托尼，我在伦敦就没有别的朋友了。如果你知道我那时还没有男朋友，你就会理解我为什么觉得对不起自己了。我给自己定了些鲜花，让卖花的人附上一张卡片，上面写道：“给你我所有的爱。无名氏”。我生日那天最精彩的瞬间就是送花人到达公寓时大惑不解的眼神。那周晚些时候，托尼像往常一样来了，在酒吧里坐下。“你怎么了？今天怎么不见你笑啦？”我跟他聊了„„ 嗯，差不多什么都跟他说了：钱、硕士学位、生日等等。他很同情我。

托尼离开搁脚凳和旁边几个人说话。记住：索尔兹伯里酒吧是在市中心，这里所有的顾客都在银行、保险或证券市场工作。第二天，他拿着几张价值共2 万英镑的支票来到酒吧，他对我说：“这是给你的创业贷款，你唯一的贷款担保是我对你的信任，相信有一天你赚了钱会把钱还给我们。如果你还不了钱，那就太糟了，金融生意就是这样。但是，我相信你还得了。”

我没说话，我怕我自己要哭了。世上这么好的人能有几个？

那些花怎么处理？我叫花店改送到妈妈那里去了，我生日那天鲜花正好送到她家。她最该得到这些鲜花，不是吗？

依我看，回顾这些年的经历，我发现人一辈子只需要一两次的转折就能成功。就算吃苦受累也不要紧，那还是值得的。

在索尔兹伯里酒吧干了一年之后，我去了伦敦经济学院深造。拿到硕士学位之后，我在一家投资银行找到了一份工作。我把那两万英镑投进了证券市场，在2008 年金融崩盘之前卖掉了所有的股票。我把托

尼和其他投资者的钱还了，付给他们10% 的年息，并成立了自己的公司。公司的生意好得超乎意料，至今还红红火火。

托尼给我写了一封感谢信。他出了车祸，现在不能走路了。我还给他的钱正好可以用来改造房子，房子改造后他就可以坐着轮椅在家里自由活动了。下面是他信里写的话：

“我从事银行业35 年来最好的投资就是给你的这笔贷款，你连本带利地偿还了贷款，我对你的信任和你的诚实都获得了百倍的回报。依我看，在人身上投资能带来你最希望看到的回报。”

依我看，他说得对。你说呢？

第二单元 它们是活生生的，它们在跟我说话

我坐在一间小屋子里，屋子的一面摆满了书。这是我头一次有闲功夫和一堆书这样的东西打交道。所有的书加起来最多不超过500 本，但大多数是我自己挑的。自打我开始写作生涯以来，我这是第一次坐拥我一直渴望拥有的这么多书籍。事实上，我过去的大多数工作都不依靠图书馆，我把这看成是优点，而不是缺点。

与读书产生联想的头一件事就是我为获取图书展开的斗争。请注意，不是拥有它们，而是要把它们搞到手。一旦对书产生了激情，我就要面对重重困难。公共图书馆里我要借的书总是被借出去了，当然，我又总是没钱买书。我那时只有十八、九岁，要想得到社区图书馆的批准借阅类似斯特林堡写的《痴人的忏悔》这样的“不道德”的书是不可能的。在那个年代，年轻人禁读的书都根据官方认定的违背道德的程度被贴上了星星—一颗星、两颗星、三颗星。我猜想，这种做法至今依然存在。我也希望如此，因为我知道，没有任何别的方法比这种愚蠢的分类和禁止更能吊起读者的胃口。

是什么让一本书有了生命力？这个问题经常从我脑子里冒出来！我觉得答案很简单：一本书之所以有生命力，是因为读者满怀激情地推荐它。这是人的基本冲动，什么都阻挡不了。不管愤世嫉俗者和人类厌恶者持何种观点，我相信人们总是会尽力分享自己感触最深的经验。

书是人类最为珍爱的几样东西之一。人越好，就越愿意与他人分享自己的珍藏。躺在书架上无人翻阅的书就像是废弃的弹药。书和钱一样要流通起来，要最大限度地借书、借钱！尤其要多借书，因为书所代表的东西比钱要多得多。书不仅是朋友，它还可以帮你交朋友。当你在精神上、心灵上拥有一本书的时候，你的人生就变得丰富多彩。当你把书传给别人的时候，你的人生就倍加丰富。

说到这里，有一种抑制不住的冲动让我向大家提出一条无偿的忠告。那就是：尽量读得少而精，不是越多越好！哎，我也着实羡慕那些在书堆里埋头读书的人。我私下里也确实想尽力读完所有内心里一直想读的书。但是，我知道这并不重要，我知道我读过的书中只有不到十分之一是我需要读的。人生中最难办到的事情莫过于学会只做有益于自己的康乐、对自己的康乐至关重要的事情。

我是经过慎重考虑才提出这个宝贵的忠告的，有一个高招可以核实它的对错。当你碰到一本你想读或觉得该读的书的时候，先把书搁下，放几天再说。但你要使劲琢磨这本书，仔细琢磨书名和作者的名字，想想如果让你来写这本书，你会写些什么。认真地问自己是否有必要把这本书纳入自己的知识库或娱乐储备。尽力想象一下，放弃这份额外的乐趣或启迪对你将意味着什么？之后，如果你觉得__你必须读这本书，那么观察一下你在“啃”这本书的时候是否表现出非凡的洞察力。同时你也观察一下：即便这本书很诱人，它也许并没有给你带来什么新的东西。只要坦诚对己，你就会发现：只要抑制住自己的冲动，你的境界就提高了。

不容置疑的是，大多数书都互相重复，在文体或内容上让人感到具有独创性的书实在是少之又少。在整个文学库藏中，或许只有极少数作品——不到50 本——是独具一格的。在最近出版的一部自传体小说中，布莱斯•桑德拉尔指出，雷米•德•古尔蒙之所以能够选择并通读文学领域中一切值得读的书籍，就是因为他知识渊博，了解书的这种重复性。没有人会怀疑桑德拉尔本人就是一个博览群书的人，他阅读了大部分独具个性的作家的作品。不仅如此，一旦他喜欢上一个作家，就会阅读这个人写的每一本书，包括他的书信以及所有有关他的书籍。我猜想，在当今世上，像他这样的情况是绝无仅有的，他不仅读得广，读得深，而且本人还著述颇丰。这一切似乎都是在业余时间完成的。因为从本质上讲，他是一个十足的行动家，一个四处跋涉的冒险家和探险家，一个懂得如何大量“浪费”时间的人。从某种意义上说，他是文学届的凯撒大帝。

第三单元 生态珠宝：海洋玻璃

虽然海洋玻璃正在逐渐消失，珠宝设计师吉娜•考恩仍在搜寻这种难觅的珍宝。珠宝设计师吉娜•考恩

说，在海滩上搜寻海洋玻璃时，她看起来像人形螃蟹：她低头弯腰，侧着身子随着白色浪花的起伏，完全忘记了时间的流逝。在牛津的她的工作室里，她边吃午饭，边告诉我：“我每次都希望能找到比上次更好的海洋玻璃。几小时后，我会抬起头来，这时才发现偌大的海滩已经空无一人，我的肩膀被晒伤了。”

见过被海水打磨过的玻璃的人都明白，这种玻璃在海里呆上一段时间之后就能奇迹般地由一块普通玻璃变成一颗耀眼的珍宝。把它们拿在手里，你会发现它们每一快都折射出不同的光泽，散发出独特的光彩。

没有什么硬性的的规定说明玻璃碎块要在海水中放多长时间才能被正式称为海洋玻璃，但可以肯定的是，年代越久远，玻璃就越光滑、越奇特。50 岁的考恩解释说：“完美的海洋玻璃没有棱角。它们的棱角经海水多年的拍打已经磨平了，它们也从大块玻璃变成了小巧精美的宝石。玻璃的颜色也能道出它们的年龄，如果你发现红色或琥珀色的海洋玻璃，你找到的可能就是几百年前的玻璃——我们已经不再生产这种玻璃了。”

要制造玻璃珠宝，考恩得先把她找到的海洋玻璃放在磨石滚筒里抛光，除掉玻璃表面的霜花。她把其中一些抛光的玻璃镶在银器上，剩下的或串成珠链，或用金刚钻打眼后用细丝串在一起。

年代末，她设计的产品在伦敦的利博提百货店出售。如今，你可能在美术馆里看到她的作品，但是她主要做订单产品，她设计的产品从脚链到订婚戒指无所不包。

在立志成为珠宝商之前，考恩从20 岁到40 岁都从事新闻报道及音乐管理工作。她在祖国南非开普敦的砂砾海滩散步时偶然发现几颗海洋玻璃，并注意到它们在海水的塑造下呈现各种不同的形状。她从此开始收集海洋玻璃，把它们存放在一个大玻璃柜里，放在工作室显眼的位置。尽管她的收藏包括来自遥远的斐济和马略卡岛的珍品，但最令人惊叹的是她在英国沙滩上找到的维多利亚时期的海洋__玻璃藏品。

她最喜欢的寻宝地——也是许多收藏者的寻宝地——是英国达勒姆县的锡厄姆海滩。那儿是维多利亚玻璃厂的所在地，该厂于1921 年关闭。有成千上万公吨的玻璃撒落到海上，并在过去的一个世纪里被海浪打磨抛光，为考恩提供了大量的原材料。

海洋玻璃的产生是废物再生的一种形式，不仅如此，它也是大自然补救人类愚蠢行为的一个例子。考恩说，“人的过失行为被转变成积极的东西，这真是太好了。”

虽然在19 世纪没有人思考过向大海倾倒玻璃的后果，但这件事最后演变成了一个完美的过程：玻璃最终破碎了，变成了沙子。如今，对玻璃废料的负责任的态度是尽量重新利用废旧玻璃，这确实有很大的好处，但却宣告了海洋玻璃时代的终结。考恩说，“这是一个机遇：海洋玻璃资源最终会枯竭，将来有一天，它们会比钻石还珍贵。”

供货的减少加上需求的增加使海洋玻璃生意非常兴隆。以前人们曾经免费向珠宝商提供自己的收藏，现在它们在EBay 上能卖到成百上千英镑。就连年轻的收藏者也深知它们潜在的价值。最近一位15 岁的女孩把她的收藏卖给考恩，想挣点钱参加学校组织的旅游。考恩说：“我付给她的钱比它的实际价值高多了，她把它拍得很漂亮。”

当人们开始对珠宝的来源提出质疑时，海洋玻璃的生态优点让它们更具吸引力。黄金的提炼会给环境带来损害，它的坏名声以及钻石业的糟糕人权记录给选择变废为宝的珠宝设计者带来了极大的优势。

海洋玻璃的减少似乎让人觉得应该恢复（往海里）倾倒玻璃的旧习，但考恩绝不宽恕这样的做法。“有人跟我说‘为什么不往海里倒玻璃以保证未来原材料的供应，或打磨新玻璃让它看上去像旧玻璃？’这可不是我干的事。这样做会失去神秘感。我喜欢的是。每块海洋玻璃的背后都有一个故事，你可以想象它曾经的样子，它走过的地方以及它的年龄。每个人都会在同一块玻璃上看到不同的故事。”

年后，塑料可能是被海浪冲上岸的唯一的东西了，但考恩坚信艺术家会想办法给它们派上用场。她说，“已经有珠宝商开始使用熔化塑料了，人们会找到富有创造性的方法来利用一切现有的资源。”

同时，孩子们会继续抓取海洋战利品，不管它们是否有价值。毕竟它们都是免费的珍宝，就算在傍晚时分你把它放回到海滩上，任海浪把它冲走，也值得去搜寻。

所以，下一次如果你想知道如何充分利用英国沙滩的话，你可以照着考恩的样子做：站在海滩上，摆出螃蟹的姿势，去搜寻那些闪闪发光的鹅卵石，别让它们从你的眼前溜走。

第四单元 婚姻幸福的奥秘是什么？金钱是关键

假如你询问已婚人士婚姻成功的奥秘在哪里，他们可能不会说那是因为找到了持相同金钱观的知己。但如果他们幸运的话，他们一定是找到了这样的知己。和金钱观相同的人结婚很可能就是一辈子最聪明的财务决策。事实上，就财务而言，婚姻可能是你最有价值的资产——或者最大的一笔债务。

为爱而结婚是一个相对较近的现象。数世纪以来，婚姻都是包办的，家庭的联姻或出于经济、政治目的，或是便于家境不好的人集资。

如今，尽管我们大多数人是因相爱而结婚，婚姻从根本上讲仍然是金钱上的结合。不管是选择工作的努力程度，还是决定消费多少或储蓄多少，我们生活中想要得到的——或不想得到的——许多东西归根结底都跟钱有关。对一些人来说，就是一周工作80 小时来支付第三套房的房款和乡村俱乐部的会员费；对另一些人来说，意味着缩短上班时间，花更多的时间陪伴家人。

“有关钱的许多争论都事关生活方式的原则问题，而生活方式的许多选择则与如何花钱密切相关。”宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的商业及公共政策助理教授贝齐•史蒂文森如是说，他研究婚姻和离婚经济学。专家们说，夫妻一起共同做出这些选择是维护婚姻资产及婚姻关系的最重要的方法之一。当然，如果夫妻双方一开始就在钱的问题上看法相似，或者至少能够在钱的问题上相互妥协，那么事情就好办多了。联姻的经济效益很可观，但离婚的代价却是灾难性的，尤其是有了小孩之后。毫不奇怪，金钱也造成了许多夫妻的不和。

新泽西州秀特山市的离婚律师苏珊•里奇•温特斯说：“大多数人认为婚姻破裂是因为性或孩子的问题。这些的确是问题，但金钱也是导致婚姻破裂的一个重要因素。”

并非每个人都能找到金钱观一致的伴侣，当然找不到也不一定就成问题。在金钱的问题上，有几种方法能让你和你的另一半保持协调，共同富裕。

下面这些指导原则是由婚姻成功人士以及心理学、离婚和理财专家共同编写的：

互相交流，确定共同目标 步入婚姻殿堂之前，男女双方要聊聊各自的财务状态及目标。他们要互相问对方一些棘手的问题：我们要不要孩子？什么时候要？谁来照看孩子？要送他们上公立学校还是私立学校？我们想过怎样的生活？我们什么时候退休？

理财规划人卡伦‧阿尔特费斯特与她的丈夫刘易斯在纽约经营L.J.阿尔特费斯特财务管理公司，她说：“在我为夫妇设计的理想方案中，夫妇双方每周都要碰头讨论家庭的财务问题。这样，他们才能保持目标一致。”

一起制订目标 杰里•巴拉德今年58 岁，曾在休斯敦担任过保险总监。他说他和结婚36 年的同龄妻子苏珊之所以能够避免理财方面的矛盾，是因为他们都坚守了存款信条。他说：“我们的基本原则是绝不中断存款。”他补充说，他们每年把百分之十到二十的工资存起来。只要持之以恒，他们在花销方面的矛盾就会减少。

马里兰州欧文斯•米尔斯市的埃里克•冈拉克今年53 岁，已结婚29 年。他说他和他的妻子安米歇尔“开诚布公地披露各自的期望。”这些期望包括：送儿子去私立学校读书；有重大的人生体验，如外出旅游，而不是购物。

像经营企业一样经营家庭 制定收支预算，记录收入、支出及债务。夫妻双方应该像合伙人一样管理家庭财务，做较大的财务决定和制定目标时，双方互相协商。摩根大通集团私人财富管理部的国家理财顾问玛丽•安•西斯科说：“夫妇双方一起参与决策时，他们都是决策的制订者，要共同承担决策的结果。即使结果是负面的，他们也能更好地共渡难关。”分担责任 虽然通常是夫妇中的一方负责理财，婚姻顾问还是建议他们轮流负责。在一段时间内，一方可以负责投资，另一方则负责付帐；过一段时间之后两人可以轮换角色，并重复这样的更替。

支持对方的职业 一位支持你的伴侣可以帮助你在事业上取得成功，这也会一点一滴地增加你们的银行存款。冈拉克先生说：“和合适的人结婚，能互相鼓励，互相支持，有助于双方在事业上取得成就。这种支持只能从夫妻间互相扶持的亲密关系中得到。”他的夫人在他做了22 年的人力资源经理之后支持他改行自己开业做管理咨询。

在合理的范围内享受 要有一定的现金储备，你的生活方式应该在可承受的范围之内。在已经破产的对冲基金或像贝尔斯登这样的金融公司工作过的许多人现在正在接受这方面的教训。摩根大通集团的西斯

科女士说：一些年轻顾客由于从来没有经历过经济衰退，他们以为钱会源源不断地涌进来。

她说她正在给一对30 出头、育有两个幼儿的夫妇作咨询。就在丈夫丢掉华尔街的工作之前，他们刚刚订购了价值3 万5 千美元的窗帘。之后，他们不得不搬到曼哈顿的一个套小小的公寓里居住，连度假别墅也卖掉了。

使用调停人 也许你们双方在投资问题上意见不一，而且都很强硬。或者说也许你希望多储蓄，而你的配偶宁可花一大笔钱买德国宝马汽车公司的股票。一个独立的第三方，无论是理财师还是心理治疗师都可以帮你们找到双方都可以接受的方案。

德克萨斯州贝莱尔市轴心点咨询公司的理财规划师马克•B.辛德勒最近就为一位抱怨妻子每月花一千美元买衣服的顾客解决了难题。辛德勒先生联系到他的妻子，她抱怨丈夫每月花同样多的钱跟朋友吃饭。那位丈夫要辛德勒先生计算一下，如果他们把她一年花在衣服上的一万两千美元用来投资他们能攒多少钱。辛德勒先生写了一份题为“衣服，吃饭，还是投资？”的报告，他在报告的题目上颇费了一番心思。经过分析，他得出了如下结论：假设回报率为9% 的话，这对夫妻在28 年后将得到一百六十万美元的收入。他说：“他们会尽量妥协。”

保持一定的独立性 汇集资源固然重要，但保持一定程度的财务独立性也很重要。要留出一些钱来满足夫妻双方各自的需求。当需要缩减消费时，双方都要做出牺牲，这一点很重要。

为婚姻投资 夫妻双方要互相陪伴，一起消费。他们应继续约会，“这样做能使婚姻的基础更加牢靠，是对夫妻关系的情感投资。”一位专攻理财问题的芝加哥治疗师加里•S.尚克这样说。

你可以把这个看作是定期定额投资婚姻的事业，你只需坚持长期做小额投资就行了。如果你等到退休才做这件事，也许就来不及了。