第一篇：高三英语语法练习-从句
连词
一、知识网络
并列连词(but, yet, however, nevertheless, for, so, therefore, and, or, either…or…, neither…nor…, both…and…, as well as)
连词 从属连词(when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whether, since, the moment, where, if, unless, suppose, supposing, providing, provided, as long as, in order that, so that, so, lest, because, since, so…that…, such…that, although/though, even though/if, than, than, like, as if/though)
二、方法指点
连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。
并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等
三、重点讲解：
定义：用来连接词、短语、从句与句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句子中不重读，不能独立担任句子成分。
Slow but sure.要慢而稳。（连接单词）
We may be leaving today or tomorrow.我们可能今天或明天走。（连接词与词）
Now I must go or I shall be late for the party.我现在得走，否则晚会我就要迟到了。（连接句与句）
I went and she went also.我去了，她也去了。（连接分句）
（一）连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子的连词叫并列连词。根据其意义，并列连词又可分为表示联 合、转折、选 择和因果等四种关系的连词。
1． 表示联合关系的并列连词: 表示联合关系的并列连词有：and(和)，both…and…(既……又……)，neither…nor…(既不….y也不….)，not only…but also….(不但…..而且…..)，as well as(除….外，也…..)，如： I am a teacher and he is a doctor.He has experience as well as knowledge.(He has not only knowledge but also experience.)Neither I nor he has seen the film.2． 表示转折关系的并列连词: 表示转折关系的并列连词有：but(可是，但是)，while(而，然而)，yet(可是)，however(然 而，但是)，whereas(而)，nevertheless(然而，不过)，如：I am willing, yet unable.我心有余而力不足。He is short, while his brother is tall.他个子矮而他兄弟个子高plain.3． 表示选择关系的并列连词: 表示选择关系的并列连词有：or(或)，or else(否则)，otherwise(要不然)，either….or…(或….或….,不是…..就是…..)，rather than(而不，也不)，如：John or I am to blame.Seize the chance, otherwise(or else)you’ll regret it.（otherwise, or else 常放在祈使句后面）You can either stay at home or go fishing.He went rather than stay as an unwelcome guest.。
4． 表示因果关系的并列连词:(1)表示因果关系的并列连词有：so(所以)，for(因为)，如：It is morning, for the birds are singing.是早晨了，因为鸟叫了。It was late, so I went home.天已晚了，因此我就回家了。
(2)then(那么，因而)，thus(因而)，hence(因此)，therefore(因此，所以)等副词常可放句首表示因果关系，如： He studied hard, thus he got a full mark.His car broke down, thus he was late for work.It is winter now;hence the days will be shorter.。
（二）从属连词: 用来连接主句和从句的连词叫从属连词。
1． 引导名词性从句的从属连词: 引导名词性从句的从属连词有连接词 that, whether 和 if, 这些连接词在句中不充当任何句子成分；
连接代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, what 等，它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等； 连接副词主要 有when, where, how, why 等，它们在句中可作状语（相见名词性从句），如：We know(that)the earth goes round the sun.（宾语从句）What we need is more time.我们需要的是时间。（主语从句）That’s what I want.（表语从句）The news that our team had won was very exciting.（同位语从句）
2． 引导状语从句的从属连词
（1）引导时间状语从句的从属连词: 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when(当…..时)，while(在…期间)，as(当….时，一边…一边)，after(在….之后)，before(在….之前)，since(自从….以来)，till/until(直到，直到….才)，once(一旦…..), as soon as(一….就….), the moment/instant(一…..就….), no sooner….than….(刚….就….), hardly…..when(一……..就….)等，如：Once you begin, you must go on.（2）When it rains, I go on school by bus.When: Don’t get excited when you talk.When he got up he felt dizzy.While: We must strike while the iron is hot.While she ate she grew more restless.As: As he spoke two men came up.He smiled as he passed.Before: Look before you leap.It will be five years before we meet again.After: I arrived after he had left.I’ll tell them after you have left.Until, till : I’ll take no steps until you arrive.I propose waiting till the police get here.Since: How long is it since you came to London? It was years since I had seen her.Whenever: I go and visit him whenever I’m in town.Whenever possible, they play outside.（3）引导原因状语从句的从属连词: 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有as(由于)，because(因为)，since(既然)等，如： He didn’t go to school because he was ill.Since everybody is here, let’s begin.Because: Because it was wet he took a taxi.As: As David had a passion for walking, we started off on foot.还有一些表示原因的状语从句由seeing（that）,considering(that)或now that 等引导： Please don’t try to back out now that everything has been arranged.Now you’re here, you may make yourself useful.许多用在形容词后的that 从句也起原因状语的作用（that 有时可省略）：She was glad that she had controlled herself.I’m disappointed that they cannot come.引导地点状语从句的从属连词: 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where(在….地方)，wherever(无论在…..哪里)等，如：Wherever she may be, she will be happy.Where there is a will, there is a way.（4）引导条件状语从句的从属连词
① 条件状语从句的从属连词主要由if, unless, supposing(suppose)引导：
if: I must leave if that’s the case.如果情况如此我就得走了。He will come if asked.如果邀请的话他会来的。
unless: I won’t write unless he writes first.I’ll go there tomorrow unless it rains.supposing: Supposing that he asks you, will you go? Supposing his plan goes wrong, what will you do then?
suppose: Suppose she finds out, what shall we do then? Suppose you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do?
provided: I will agree to go provided(providing)(that)my expenses are paid.She agreed to go and work there provided that her family could go with her.providing: I’ll dry the dishes, providing that you do the washing-up.② 条件状语从句还有其他形式：They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.You will always have a home as long as I have anything.此外，as long as, so long as, in case, even if 都起连词作用。
（5）引导目的状语从句的从属连词:引导目的状语从句的从属连词有that(以便)，so that(为了)，in order that(为了)lest(以防，免得)，in case(以防，免得)等，如：She took medicine on time in order that she might get well soon.I came here that I might take a good look at the new bridge.in order that: I lent him ￡50 in order(so)that he might go for a holiday.so that: Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them.so: Can’t you fix it somehow so you could stay longer? that: I am anxious to get done that I may be back in Ireland.lest: He hurried on, lest she should meet him again.（6）引导结果状语从句的从属连词:引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so(结果)，so that(结果)，so…..that/such….that(如 此…..以致)，that(以致)等，（that 有时可以省略，特别是在口语中）如： It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze.He is such a good student that we all like him.so…that: He was so young that you must excuse him.such…that: Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.（7）引导让步状语从句的从属连词:引导让步状语从句的从属连词有though/although(虽然)，as(虽然)，even if/even though(即使)，however(无论怎样)，whatever(无论什么)，whoever(无论谁)，no matter how/what/which……(无论多么/什么/哪一 个……)等，如：Even if you were here yesterday, you couldn’t help him.（8）引导方式状语从句的从属连词:引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as(正如)，as if/as though(好像，似乎)等，如： He speaks English as if he were an English-man.Use a book as a bee does a flower.（9）引导比较状语从句的从属连词: 引导比较状语从句的从属连词有 as(如……), as…….as….,(像….一样)，not so …..as…..(与…不一样)，than(比)等，如：He works harder than before.His elder sister is as tall as his mother.储存连词：
1．引导时间状语从句的从属连词: 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有________(当…..时)，_____(在…期间)，____(当….时，一边…一边)，_______(在….之后)，______(在….之前)，______(自从….以来)，_______(直到，直到….才)，________(一 旦…..),___________(一….就….), __________(一…..就….), ___________(刚….就….), _________(一……..就….)等，如：Once you begin, you must go on.你一开了头，就应该继续下去
2．引导原因状语从句的从属连词:引导原因状语从句的从属连词有______(由于)，________(因为)，______(既然)等.3．引导地点状语从句的从属连词: 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有_______在….地方)，___________(无论在…..哪里)Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
4．引导条件状语从句的从属连词 条件状语从句的从属连词主要由________________________)引导：此外_______________________________都起连 词作用。
5．引导目的状语从句的从属连词:引导目的状语从句的从属连词有________(以便)，_________(为了)，______________(为 了)________(以防，免得)，___________(以防，免得)等，6．引导结果状语从句的从属连词:引导结果状语从句的从属连词有______(结果)，________(结果)，___________--(如此…..以致)，_________(以致)等，（that 有时可以省略，特别是在口语中）如： 7． 引导让步状语从句的从属连词:引导让步状语从句的从属连词有________________(虽然)，________(虽然)，____________________(即使)，__________r(无论怎样)，___________(无论什么)，__________-(无论谁)，__________________________(无论多么/什么/哪一个……)等。
8．引导比较状语从句的从属连词: 引导比较状语从句的从属连词有________(如……),____________,(像….一样)，_________________.(与…不一样)，__________(比)等。
（三）部分易混连词的用法比较
（一）when 和while
1.两个词都可以表示“当……..时”，引导时间状语从句。When 引导时间状语从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性的，也可 以是终止性的；while 引导时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的 He was doing his homework when I came in.I came in when/while he was doing his homework.While/when I was in the town, I saw him twice.2.When 还可译作“这时”，while 可译作“而，然而” He was playing football outside when it began to rain.He is tall while his elder brother is short.（二）though 和 as:两个词都可以表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。Though 引导的从句可用正常语序，也可用倒装语 序。As 引导的从句要用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as 之前，如：
1． 尽管天气冷，可他仍然继续工作。Cold as it was, he went on working.<-> Though it was cold, he went on working.Cold though it is, he went on working.2． 虽然他还是个孩子，可懂很多事情。Child as he is, he knows a lot.<-> Though he is a child, he knows a lot.Child though he is, he knows a lot.3． 尽管你读得快，你也不能在三天内读完这本书。Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in three days./ Fast though you read, you can’t finish the book in three days.Though you read fast, you can’t finish the book in three days./ Try though he might, he couldn’t get rid of the difficulty.4． 不管怎样努力，他还是摆脱不了困难。Try as he might, he couldn’t get rid of the difficulty.Though he might try, he couldn’t get rid of the difficulty.（三）because, as, since 和 for for 是并列连词，语气最弱，对前面分句加以解释或表示推断的原因。引导的分句一般置于句末，从句前要用逗号。
Because 表示产生某结果的必有原因，语气最强，引导的从句可以置于句首或句末，放在句首时通常用逗号。
As 表示原因时，语气不如because 那么强，可译为“因为，由于”，引导的从句常置于句首。
Since 可译为“既然”，往往表示一些显而易见的原因，语气不如because 强，引导的从句常置于句首。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.As she was in a bad mood, we left her alone.He is absent from school because he is ill.Because /as it was wet, we went there by bus.Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr.Smith wanted to give John a chance.（四）if 和 whether
1.表示“是否”时两个词都能引导宾语从句I wonder if/whether you can examine him now.2． 如果主句的谓语是短语动词，用whether, 而不用if Everything depends on whether we have enough money.3． 某些动词（如discuss）后的宾语从句，用whether, 而不用if They discussed whether they should help her.3． 宾语从句置于句首时，用whether,不用if Whether it is true or not, I can’t say.4． 宾语从句为否定形式时，通常if,而不用whether I asked her if he would come.5． if 可译作“如果”引导条件状语从句If I were you, I would not go.6． Whether 可译作“不管，无论”，引导让步状语从句Whether he agrees or not, I shall do that.不管他同意与否我都要做这事。
7． Whether 可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、接不定式，或接or not 等（if 则不能）
Whether he will come or not is unknown.（主语从句）
The question is whether it is worth doing.（表语从句）
I have no idea whether he is there.（同位语从句）
I don’t know whether he will do it or not.（接or not）She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.（接不定式）
★比较so 和 such 其规律由so 与such 的不同词性决定。
such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修 饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，little 连用，形成固定搭配。
so + adj.such + a(n)+ n.so + adj.+ a(n)+ n.such + n.(pl.)so + adj.+ n.(pl.)
such +n.(pl.)so + adj.+ n.[不可数]
such +n.[不可数] so foolish
such a fool
so nice a flower
such a nice flower so many/ few flowers
such nice flowers so much/little money.such rapid progress so many people
such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such 搭配。so…that 与such…that之间的转换既为 so 与such 之间的转换
Practice ：
Part 1：
17.“You can’t have this football back ____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly.（2006 广东）
A.because B.since C.when D.until
18.I grew up in Africa.____at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there.(辽宁’06)
A.and B.or C.so D.but
19.Progress so far has been very good.____, we are sure that the project will be completed on time.(浙江’06)
A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Besides
20.A man cannot smile like a child, ____a child smiles with his eyes , while a man smiles with his lips alone.(湖 南’06)A.so B.but C.and D.for 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.D
第二篇：高中英语语法主语从句讲解及练习
主语从句
一、概述：在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用，这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。
二.主语从句主要有四类：
（1）由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That you are so indifferent bothers me.That she survived the accident is a miracle.（2）用连词 whether 引导的主语从句: whether有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省。
注意：引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。
例如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.（3）用连接代词引导的主语从句
在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分.例如：What you need is more practice.What I want to know is this.Whatever we do is to serve the people.注：whatever / whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
whatever = anything that;whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。
如：
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.（主语从句）
（＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.）
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.（让步状语从句）
（＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.）
（4）用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)例如:Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.三.注意点: it构成的主语从句
（1）由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。例如：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.When the plane is to take off has not been announced.= It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.(但当what引导的主语从句表示“„的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。)错:It is a book what he wants.对:What he wants is a book.另外，需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.（2）常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构 It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that„ 事实是„„
It is good news that „ „„是好消息 It is a question that „ „„是个问题 It is common knowledge that „ „„是常识
类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.It’s a pity that you missed the film. It is +形容词+从句
It is necessary that „ 有必要„„ It is clear that „ 很清楚„„ It is likely that „ 很可能„„
It is important that „ 重要的是„„
类似的形容词还有：strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite;unusual;certain;evident;worth-while;surprising;interesting;astonishing, etc.例如：It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.It is necessary that you（should）master the computer.It is important that a student learn English well.It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）＋动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。
It is reported that „ 据报道„„ It has been proved that „ 已证明„„ It must be proved that„ 必须指出„„
类似的过去分词还有：known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;made clear;found out,etc.例如：It is thought that he is the best player.It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.
It seems that they will win the game.It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.It does not matter if I missed my train.It happened that I saw him yesterday.主从练习
1._____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.A.The estimate
B.The estimated
C.They are estimated
D.It is estimated that 2._____ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.A.Which
B.Since
C.Although
D.How
3._____ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.A.Whoever
B.Whatever
C.However
D.That
4._____ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.A.For the reason that he is
B.Just because he is
C.The reason of being
D.That he is
5.Although ___ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.A.which
B.what
C.how
D.it 6._____ she had forgotten to take her notebook.A.That occurred to her
B.She occurred that
C.To her that occurred
D.It occurred to her that 7.I am sure that _____ she said is wrong.A.which
B.all
C.this
D.what 8.We lost our way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that it was getting dark.A.that
B.which
C.it
D.What 9._____ or not is still uncertain.A.He’s coming
B.If he is coming
C.That coming
D.Whether he’s coming 10.It’s _____ he’ll be able to come.A.doubt whether B.doubtful
C.doubt it
D.doubtful whether 11.______ he is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quiet
suburb, Dick’s life is tied to machines.A.Whether
B.Till
C.If
D.Unless 12._____ he saw both surprised and frightened him.A.That
B.When
C.What
D.Which 13._____ is warm sunshine.A.What do we all need.B.What all we need
C.What we need
D.What we all need 14._____ is a pity that he should feel so upset.A.What
B.That
C.He
D.It 15._____ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.A.Remarkable
B.Quite remarkably
C.It is remarkable that
D.It is remarkable fact that 16._____ you nominate will be elected.A.Who
B.Whom
C.Whomever
D.That’s 17._____ book you borrow must be returned within a week.A.What
B.Which
C.Whichever
D.That’s 18._____ of us gets home first starts cooking.A.Who
B.Which
C.Whichever
D.Anyone
1.________ makes mistakes must correct them.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever 2.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.A.while B.that C.if D.for 3.When and why he came here ________ yet.A.is not known B.are not known C.has not known D.have not known 4.________ is no reason for dismissing her.A.Because she was a few minutes late B.Owing to a few minutes late C.The fact that she was a few minutes late D.Being a few minutes late 5.________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.A.That„that you had expected B.What „that you had expected C.That„what you had expected D.What„what you had expected 6.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.A.If...do B.That...do C.If...does D.That...does 7.It ________ Bob drives badly.A.thinks that B.is thought what C.thought that D.is thought that 8.It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.A.if B.that C.whether D.how 9.________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A.That B.What C.How D.Which 10.____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.A.What, what B.What, that C.That, that D.That, what 11.____ you don't like him is none of my business.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether 12..____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 13._________is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A.That B.Why C.How D.Who 14._______we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.A.When B.Why C.What D.That 15.______he won't go there is clear to all of us.A.How B.What C.Why D.This 16.______the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A.If B.Where C.That D.What 17._______you come or not is up to you.A.What B.If C.Why D.Whether 18._______makes mistakes must correct them.A.Who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.Anybody 19._______team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A.Which B.That C.If D.How 20.Who is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A.that B.where C.which D.the one 21.Is this factory you visited the other day? A.that B.where C.in which D.the one 22.________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who
表语从句
1、概述
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。
The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
2、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。
that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。
The trouble is(that)she has lost his money.麻烦的事是他丢了钱。
The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。
What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。
3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。
关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。That's what we should do.那是我们应该做的。
4、由关系副词引导的表语从句。
Go and get your coat.It's where you left it.去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That’s why I got wet through.我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。
That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。
That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担心的。
5、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。
It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
That's because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。It seems as if he didn’t know the answer.好像他不知道答案。可以接表语从句的系动词有：
1：be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay 4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run, fall 5: prove, turn out 系动词的固定搭配: come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild 连接词：that / whether /as if /as though(if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because 注：引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略。
The truth is（that）I didn't go there.事实是我没去那儿。
［考题1］ The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.A.when B.why C.whether D.that
［答案］ D
［解析］ 下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句，如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此，应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。
［考题2］ You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how
［答案］ B
［解析］ 下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语(“disagree”属于不及物动词，“I disagree”本身是完整的主谓结构)，下划线应填入引导词where，表语从句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、我不同意的地方”。
［考题3］ — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.— Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A.why B.when C.what D.where
［答案］ A
［解析］ 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语，下划线应填入表示“因此„„”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why。
［考题4］ ____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that
［答案］ A
［解析］ 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语，特指她所不理解的事情，应填入关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处表示“因此„„”(指因某种原因所造成的后果，由why引导对应的名词性从句)而不是“为什么„„”(指原因、理由，由because引导对应的名词性从句)，应填入引导词why。
［考题5］ ____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.What;because B.What;that
C.That;what D.That;because
［答案］ B
［解析］ 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语，特指令校方骄傲的事情，应选用关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、理由，应由that引导对应的名词性从句。
［考题6］ — Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
— Oh, that’s ____.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about
C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited
［答案］ A
［解析］ A选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”； B选项的意思是“我觉得激动的任何事物”； C选项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”； D选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的时间”。四个选项中A最适合跟代表“game”的主语that对应，充当表语从句。
表语从句与宾语从句的关系
不属于的
宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。
宾语从句
(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点
①语序: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即“主语 + 谓语”这种形式。
②时态: 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候, 从句, 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时)。
③连接词: 当从句意思完整, 主句意思肯定时, 连接词用that, 且可以省去, 当从句意思完整, 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时, 常用if或whether(是否), 当从句意思不完整时, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。
表语从句
在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。
如： What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。
The The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金。
This This is what we should do这是我们应当做的。
That”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
His His first question was whether Mr.Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。
注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序，即陈述语序。
as as if, as though, becau也可用来引导表语从句。
She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事。
It It is because you eat too much那是因为你吃得太多了。
表从练习一
1.The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that
B.if
C.when
D.whether 2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.A.because
B.that
C.for
D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It’ s ________you left it A.where
B.there
C.there where
D.where there 4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted A.who can we get
B.what we can get C.who we can get
D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that
B.if
C.whether
D.不填 6.The reason is_________I missed the bus.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 7.That is __ ___ we were late last time.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 8.She looked _________ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like
C.as D.as though 9.—I fell sick!--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A.why
B.when
C.what
D.because 10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.A.because his mother is ill
B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill
D.for his mother is ill 11.—He was born here.--That is _______ he likes the place so much.A.that
B.what
C.why
D.how 12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what
B.where
C.that
D.Why
二
1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you
B.That；how you are
C.How；that you are
D.What；how you are 2.The trouble is__________we are short of tools.A.what
B.that
C.how
D.why that 3.America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A.what
B.where
C.the place
D.there where 4.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be
B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being
D.what it was used to be 5.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that
B.That … what C.What … what
D.That … what 6.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.Such
三
1.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that_____ you had a few days off？
A.why
B.what
C.when
D.where 2.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why
D.It’s how 3.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.A.when
B.which
C.where
D.what 4.---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---Oh, that’s _____.A.what makes me feel excited
B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it
D.when I feel excited 5.What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.A.the way
B.in the way that
C.in the way
D.the way which
1.The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that
B.if
C.when
D.whether 2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.A.because
B.that
C.for
D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It’ s ________you left it
A.where
B.there
C.there where
D.where there 4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted A.who can we get
B.what we can get C.who we can get
D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that
B.if
C.whether
D.不填 6.The reason is_________ I missed the bus.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 7.That is __ ___ we were late last time.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 8.She looked _________ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like
C.as
D.as though 9.—I fell sick!--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A.why
B.when
C.what
D.because 10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.A.because his mother is ill
B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill
D.for his mother is ill 11.—He was born here.--That is _______ he likes the place so much.A.that
B.what
C.why
D.how 12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what
B.where
C.that
D.why 13．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you
B.That；how you are C.How；that you are
D.What；how you are 14.The trouble is__________ we are short of tools.A.what
B.that
C.how
D.why that 15.America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A.what
B.where
C.the place
D.there where 16.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be
B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being
D.what it was used to be 17.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that
B.That … what C.What … what
D.That … what
18.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.such 19 —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that_____ you had a few days off？
A.why
B.what
C.when
D.where 20.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why
D.It’s how
21.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.A.when
B.which
C.where
D.what 22.---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---Oh, that’s _____.A.what makes me feel excited
B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it
D.when I feel excited 23.What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.A.the way
B.in the way that
C.in the way
D.the way which
综合练习
1.It has been proved _________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A.if B.because C.when D.that 2.The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park.A.where B.how C.when D.why 3.________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which 4.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make use do so.A.when B.why C.whether D.that 5.______ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.A.That B.Which C.What D.As 6.________ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.A.As B.That C.This D.It 7.______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter what B.No matter which C.Whatever D.Whichever 8.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what.D how 9.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A.where B.what C.that D.how 10.I think Father would like to know ______ I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.A.which B.why C.what D.how 11.Our country is developing at an amazing speed, and this is ______ makes me feel so proud.A.what B.which C.that D.why 12.________ puzzles the scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.A.What B.As C.That D.It 13._____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.Who C.Whoever D.The person 14.Inside the White House, there is a room called the Oval Office.That’s _______ the president works.A.whey B.when C.what D.where 15.______ you will be admitted to York University will be decided by the Admission Committee.A.That B.Whether C.What D.If 16.The reason ____ I plan to go is _____ she will be disappointed if I don’t.A.why;that B.that;because C.which;because D.why;for 17.We sell handmade gifts._____gift you order from us is unique for the special person!A.Which B.That C.Whichever D.What
第三篇：高中英语语法表语从句练习含答案
表语从句
1.__________ is troubling me is _________ I don’t understand __________ he said.A.What;that;what
B.What;what;what C.That;that;what
D.Why;that;which 2.---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.---Is that __________ you had a few days off?
A.why
B.when
C.what
D.where 3.Things were not _________ they seemed to be.A.when
B.why
C.that
D.where 4.If there was a reason why I achieved such a great success, maybe it is just __________ I have been so lucky.A.that
B.because
C.in that
D.owing to the fact that 5.---Her ability has never been in doubt.---The question is _________ she is prepared to work hard.A.that
B.if
C.where
D.whether 6.The reason why she doesn’t go there was __________ a new job.A.because she got
B.because off getting
C.due to getting
D.that she got 7._________ surprised me was _______ he couldn’t speak English.A.That;that
B.Why;that
C.Who;that
D.What;that 8.His first question was _________ Tom had arrived.A.if
B.that
C.whether
D.what 9.The question is ________ can be put into practice.A.how you have learned
B.how what you have learned
C.that why you have learned
D.how that you have learned 10.A hinge joint is _________ permits the forward and backward movement of a door.A.that
B.what
C.those
D.which 11.One reason why Hamlet is such a successful play is that _________.A.it appeals different to people
B.different people are appealed
C.it appeals to many different people
D.people find it appealing to them very much 12.I think it is _________ you are doing too much.A.because of
B.because
C.because that
D.due to 13.A more important question is _________ these ideas are well or ill found.A.where
B.when
C.how
D.whether 14.The reason he is ill is _________ he ate too much.A.due to
B.that
C.since
D.because 15.Even the mountains here are no longer ________ they used to be.A.the same
B.which
C.that
D.what 16.That’s __________ I want to say.A.all what
B.what
C.all which
D.what that 17.That’s _____________.A.where out differences lie
B.our differences lie there
C.where do our differences lie
C.that where out differences lie 18.That is __________.A.where lived he there
B.where did he lived
C.where he lived
D.that where he lived 19.The question is ____________.A.whether is it worth doing
B.that if it is worth doing
C.whether it is worth doing
C.if it is worth doing 20.Water will continue to be __________ it is today next in importance to oxygen.A.how
B.which
C.what
D.as 21.That’s __________.A.how did I become a teacher
B.how Ibecame a teacher
C.how a teacher I became
D.that I became a teacher 22.They are just ___________.A.that what shall I have
B.what shall I have
C.that I shall have what
D.what I shall have 23.It looked ___________.A.as if it was going to rain
B.that as if it was going to rain
C.as if was it going to rain
D.as if that it was going to rain 24.That’s ____________.A.how she did it
B.that how did she do it
C.how did she do it
D.what she did it 25.That is _________ we decided to put the discussion off.A.where
B.which
C.that
D.why 26.That’s ________ I lived which when I was ten years old.A.where
B.at which
C.there where
D.when 27.My suggestion is ________ we should send a few comrades to help them.A.if
B.that
C.when that
D.that where 28.With the development of computers, it is_________ man has suddenly become a millionaire of the mind.A.that
B.as if
C.why
D.as 29.It looks ________ successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.A.that
B.as if
C.why
D.as 30.The question is __________ we shall perform the experiment.A.which
B.where
C.who
D.that
AADAD DDCBB CBDBD BACCC BDAAD ABBBB
第四篇：高中英语语法定语从句教案及练习
高中英语语法--定语从句
定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常
出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）
18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如：
There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
及物动词和不及物动词
A 有些动词只是及物动词;它们不可以单独用，后面必须跟宾语。
{ False: They always want after lunch.Right: They always want a cup of tea after lunch.{ False: He is sending now.Right: He is sending a letter now.B 有些动词只是不及物动词；它们可以单独用，如果后面想接宾语，动词后面必须加上介词。
18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it
B.that
C.which
D.he
答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which
C.as
D.it
答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
（2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
as 的用法
例1.the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如：
I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。
例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
18.7 先行词和关系词二合一
1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）
2）The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）
18.8 what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：
What you want has been sent here.你要的动词都送来了。
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。
2）who= the person that
whoever= anyone who。例如：
（错）Who breaks the law will be punished.（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，与庶民同罪。
（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.谁抢了银行还不清楚。
3）that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：
A.of whom B.from whom C.about that D.who 14.In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.A.where
B.who
C.in which D.which 15.Have you read the book ____ I lent to you? A.that B.whom C.when D.whose 16.Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.A.that
B.which
C.whatever D.all 17.The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A.most of them B.most of that C.most of whom D.most of those 18.This is the very letter ____came last night.A.who
B.which
C.that D.as 19.I know only a little about this matter;you may ask ____ knows better than I.A.whoever B.whomever C.anyone D.the one 20.This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.A.where
B./
C.when 21.This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.A.where
B.that C.which A.which B.in which
C.that
D.what D.on which 22.Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.D./ 23.Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.A.that, what B.what, that C.which, what D.that, which 24.Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow? A.that B.which
C.its
D.whose 25.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.A.whom B.who
C.to whom D.form whom 26.Is this school ____ we visited three years ago? A.the one B.which
C.that
D.where 27.Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago? A.the one B.where
C.in which D./ 28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country? A.whose
B.who C.whom D.which 29.Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.A.it
B.which
C.that D.he 30.The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.A.when there were B.which there were C.that there were D.where there were 31.I live in the house ____ windows face south.A.which
B.whose
32.----What game is popular with them?
C.where
D.in that
----The ____ most is tennis.A.game they like it B.game they like C.best game they like D.best game they like it 33.They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.A.which
B.which time C.during which time D.during which 34.The room ____ Mr.White lives is not very large.A.that B.which
C.where
D.when 35.Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.A.when B.that C.at which D.where 36.I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.A.that B.what C.which
D.when 37.He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.6-
第五篇：高三英语语法复习---名词性从句
高三英语语法复习---名词性从句
一、概说
名词性从句，即指性质相当于名词的从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的连接词的选用依据“从句缺什么成分补什么成分”的原则。解题时，应首先确定选用连接代词还是连接副词。然后再根据题意选用具体的连接词。如果名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则选用连接代词。如果从句中缺少状语，则选用连接副词。如果从句中不缺成分，而仅表示陈述事实，则用that引导。如果含有“是否”意义，则选用whether或if。
二、名词性从句的一般引导词
1.连接词 that 只起连接作用，没有任何意思，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如：
I hope(that)you enjoy your holiday.希望你假期过得好。That he likes you is very obvious.很显然他喜欢你。
2.连接词 whether 也不充当句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引导宾语从句时，可换成 if，但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。
He asked whether [if] I would show him the way.他问我是否可以给他带路。Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句，不能用 if 代替 whether)
3.连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如：
That’s why she wanted to leave.这就是她想离开的原因。When we arrive doesn't matter.什么时候到没有关系。Tell me which one you like best.告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。
4.连接副词 when, where, why, how 等，也各自有自己的意义，在从句中作状语。如： The question is how we should carry out the plan.问题是怎样执行这个计划。When she’ll be back depends much on the weather.她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。
Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever.他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。
三、名词性从句的重要引导词 1.what 用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词，它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，但不用于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“…所…的”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。如：
I don’t know what you want.我不知道你想要什么。
I don’t know what you want is this.我不知道你所想要的是这个。2.what 引导名词性从句时可用作限定词，其后修饰名词。如： I gave him what books I had.我把我所有的书都给他了。
He gave me what money he had about him.他把身边带有的钱全给了我。
注：what 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词，并且后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰，两者的区别是：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：
What friends she has are out of the country.她有的那些朋友全在国外。We gave him what(little)help we could.我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。3.whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句，其意分别为“所…的一切事或东西”、“任何…的人”、““…的任可人或物”等。如：
Whoever wants the book may have it.任何人要这书都可拿去。I’ll do whatever I can to help him.我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。Buy whichever is cheapest.买最便宜的。注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子： 任何人来都欢迎
误：Who comes will be welcome./ Anyone comes will be welcome.正：Whoever comes will be welcome./ Anyone who comes will be welcome.另外，它们也可引导让步状语从句，其意为“无论…”、“不管…”，其意相当于 no matter who [what, which]。如：
Whatever happens, you must be calm.不管发生什么情况，你都必须镇静。(whatever = no matter what)
He won't eat you, whoever he is.不管他是谁，他也不能把你吃掉。(whoever = no matter who)
注：whoever 既用作主格也用作宾语；作宾语时不宜用 whomever，因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个已几乎废弃不用。4.why 与 because 的用法区别。两者均可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调的原因。如：
I had a cold.That’s why I didn't come.我感冒了，因此我没来。
I didn’t come.That’s because I had a cold.我没有来，那是因为我感冒了。
五、名词性从句的语序
名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同，尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 和连接副词 when, where, why 等引导的名词性从句，不要受它们在特殊疑问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句词序。如：
Why was she crying? 她为什么在哭？
I don’t know why he was crying.我不知道她为什么哭。
六、名词性从句的时态问题
1.当主句的谓语动词是过去式时，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。如：
She said that she didn't want to know.她说她不想知道。I asked her whether she would agree.我问她是否会同意
2.when, if 这两个词既可引导名词性从句，也可引导状语从句。当它们引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时，要直接使用将来时态；但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时，则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。如：
I don’t know when he will come, but when he comes, I’ll call you.我不知道他什么时候，但当他来的时候，我会打电话给你。
句中第一个when 引导的是宾语从句，故用将来时态表示将来意义；第二个when 引导的是时间状语从句，故用一般现在时表示将来意义。
使用名词性从句的两个注意点
注意1 语序问题
不管什么词引导，从句的语序始终用陈述语序。如：
(1)He asked how he could find his courage.他问道他如何才能找到他的勇气。(2)The question is why there is little rain here.问题是这里为什么雨水少。
注意2 连接词的选用问题
A．that，whether，if，as if(限用于表语从句)都不作句子的任何成分。因此，它们所引导的句子结构必须完整。that 一般用于确定的语气中，引导宾语从句时，口语中的that可省略，而其他情况中的that一般不可省；而whether，if一般用于不确定的语句中。如：(1)That he learnt English before is certain.他学过英语是肯定的。(2)I don’t know whether / if he will come.我不知道他是否会来。(3)He looks as if he knows the answer.看起来他好像知道答案。B．whether和if 1)whether可用于任何名词性从句中，而一般只能用于宾语从句中。如果if引导主语从句时，只能放在句中，而不能置于句首。如：
(1)Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter.—It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not.他来还是不来都没关系。
(2)Do you know if / whether his words are true.你知道他的话是否真实吗？ 2)whether可与or not连用，而if则不可以。如
(1)I’m not sure whether / if he can overcome the difficulties.我没有把握他能否克服这些困难。
(2)The radio didn’t say whether it would rain or not tomorrow.收音机并没有报道明天是否下雨。
3)若用if会产生歧义时，则用whether。
(1)Let me know whether he will come.告诉我他是否会来。
(2)Let me know if he will come.可理解为：告诉我他是否会来。也可理解为：如果他愿意来，就告诉我一声。
4)whether可与不定式连用，而if不可以。
Have you decided whether to go there tomorrow? 明天是否去那儿，你决定了吗？(句子中的whether不能用if替换)5)whether引导的从句可作某些介词及动词discuss的宾语，而if则不可以。如：(1)They are talking about whether they will take part in the strike.他们在谈论他们是否要参加这次罢工。
(2)They are discussing whether they can employ the new way.他们在讨论他们是否可以采用这种新的方法。
(以上两个句子中的whether 不能用if替换)6)宾语从句若为否定句，连接词则用if 而不用whether。如：
Do you know if he hasn’t been to Washington? 你知道他是否没有去过华盛顿吗？ 此句子中的If不能用whether替换。C．连接代词、连接副词都作句子的成分，因此，选用时须确定从句是否缺少成分，然后再确定选用适当的连接词。如：
(1)I don’t know ________ he lives.(2)I don’t know ________ he lives there.(3)I don’t know ________ he lives there by fishing.(4)I don’t know ________ he likes.根据从句里面的成分，句子(1)可填地点、方式等连接词where / how；句子(2)可填that, whether / if，原因连接副词why 或方式连接副词how；句子(3)可填that, whether / if，原因连接副词why；句子(4)缺少宾语，可填what。
高考链接：
(2012年全国新课标)1.It is by no means clear____ the president can do to end the strike.A.how
B.which
C.that
D.what 【解析】选D。本题是考查主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，用what补上。
2.（2010·全国卷I·T33）We haven’t discussed yet _________ we are going to place our new furniture.A.that B.which C.what D.where 【解析】选D。句意：我们还没有谈论将把我们的新家具放在哪儿。通过分析从句中的结构，可判断出填空处需要连接副词。根据句意以及句中缺少的成分可知选D。【知识拓展】怎样确定填空处需要疑问代词还是疑问副词
判断填空处需要疑问代词还是疑问副词，一是看句子的意思，二是看句子中缺少什么成分。例如：
-Jane looks blue today.-Yes.But she doesn’t want to tell us _______ that she is worried.A.what is it B.what it is C.why is it D.why it is 此题选D。一些学生误选B。认为句意是她不想告诉我们她担心什么。但是，what是疑问代词在从句中要作主语、宾语、宾语等。若选B，要在worried后面加上about才可以。选D，句意是她不想告诉我们她为什么担心，why在从句中作状语。
由此题可知，做此类题时，一定要做到不仅看句子的意思还要看句子中缺少什么成分。3.(2010·全国卷II·T10)—Have you finished the book？
--No.I’ve read up to _____ the children discover the secret cave.A.which B.what C.that D.where 【解析】D。句意：-你读完这本书了吗？-没有。我已经读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴那儿。where在此引导宾语从句并在从句中做地点状语，表示“在。。。的地方”。【知识拓展】一般过去时与现在完成时区别
1、一般过去时指一个单纯的过去动作，与现在无关；现在完成时指过去的动作对现在的影响。例如：
1）He lost a pen yesterday.(单纯的过去动作, 现在是否找到不知道)。
2）He has lost a pen.(这件事发生在过去，对现在产生的影响是没有钢笔用)。3）Who opened the door? 4）Who has opened the door?
5）Has he gone to the meeting?(会议正在进行)。6）Did he go to the meeting?(会议已经结束)。
2、现在完成时不可以与确定的过去时间连用，而一般过去时则可以。7）I was there in 1980.8)I have been there before.9)He met his brother in the street yesterday.10)He hasn't met his brother for a long time.4.（2010·江苏卷·T35）—— I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.—— That’s _______ I don’t agree.You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what 【解析】选A。句意：—— 星期天我宁愿整天关在家里听音乐。—— 这就是我不同意的地方。你应该过更积极的生活。本题中agree 是不及物动词，后面不接宾语，所以排除D项；同时上下文中并没有涉及到方式和时间方面的信息，所以排除B项和C项。“在某方面与人观点不一致”应该是指抽象的地点，所以用where引导表语从句。5.（2010·北京卷·T 31）.I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.A.who B.where C.what D.how 【解析】选C。句意：“我希望因为内心的东西而被别人喜欢和爱。”通过分析从句中的结构，可判断出填空处需要连接代词，故B，D两项错误。由句意可知，强调的是内心的东西，即内容，所以要选what。6.（2010·北京卷·T 32）Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A.what B.that C.why D.whether 【解析】选B。在这个表语从句中，要选的词在从句里面不作任何成分，只起连接作用，无实际意义，只有B项符合这个要求，其他三个选项均不符合。7.（2010·北京卷·T 33）some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A.Whether B.What C.That D.How 【解析】选B。句意：“一些人认为是缺点的东西，会被其他许多人看做长处。”通过分析从句中的结构，可判断出填空处需要连接代词作宾语，可先排除AD两项，又因为that在名词性从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，所以又可排除C项。故用what，表示“什么东西”。8.（2010·福建卷·T 35）We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have ______we have here and treat food nicely.A.that B.which C.what D.whether 选C。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导宾语从句，而且在宾语从句中作have的宾语，所以what符合要求。which引导名词性从句时，意思是“哪一个；哪一些”，通常有一个选择的范围，与语境不符。9.（2010·湖南卷·T35）Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew she was so angry.A.where
B.whether
C.that
D.why 选D。句意为：Cindy重重地关上门，失声大哭，办公室没人知道她为什么这么生气。这是一个宾语从句，根据句意可选出D。10.（201·0山东卷·T26）Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.A.why B.what C.how D.which 【解析】选B。句意为：在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。分析句子结构可知，从空格处到句子结束为介词of的宾语从句，空格处所填入的内容为从句中动词need的宾语，所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。why, how为连接副词，在句中为原因或方式状语。
11.（2010· 陕西卷·T 18）It never occurred to me _____ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.A.which B.what C.that D.if 解析】选C。通过分析句子结构可知，it 作形式主语，me后面的从句是真正的主语，即主语从句。要选的词在主语从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，只有that 符合要求。也可用排除法，which 一般引导从句时，常在从句中充当一定成分，if一般用来引导条件状语从句或宾语从句，但二者均不用来引导主语从句，由此可排除AD两项；C项what可用来引导主语从句，但在主语从句中必须作一定的成分，如主语或宾语，但该主语从句结构完整，所以也可排除。12．（2010·上海卷·T 36）One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A.that B.how C.what D.why 【解析】选A。句意：她偏爱城市生活的一个原因就是她可以很容易地进出像商场和饭店这样的地方。在is后面的表语从句中，she为主语，can have easy access to是谓语，places是宾语，句子结构完整，故选A，that在表语从句中不作任何成分。how, what以及why在句子中要做成分，故排除。13（2010·上海卷·T 37）When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know
A.he is entering which lane B.which lane he is entering C.is he entering which lane D.which lane is he entering 【解析】选B。句意：在转换车道时，司机应当使用转向信号灯，以使其他司机知道他所转向哪个车道。动词或介词后的宾语从句应该用陈述语序，故选B。14.（2010·四川卷·T14）How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.A.what B.who C.how D.why 【解析】选B。句意：一个人旅游多么享受在很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。根据句中的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去，故选项B正确。15.（2010·天津卷·T14）As a new graduate, he doesn’t know it takes to start a business here.A.how B.what C.When D.which
【解析】选B。句意：作为一名刚毕业的学生，他不知道在这里做买卖需要什么。题干中的takes是及物动词，须带宾语，4个选项中可以在名词性从句中起名词作用的又有一定含义的连接词是what（什么；所。。的），how（怎样）和when（什么时候）在名词性从句中起状语的作用。which（哪一个）起定语的作用。所以选what。16.（2010·浙江卷·T9）It is uncertain __ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.A.that B.what C.how D.whether 【解析】选B。考查主语从句用法。本句意义为：“虽然大约有2000病人服用过这种药，但是它到底会带来什么副作用还不可知。”what side effect 在此处做bring about的宾语。17.（2010·重庆卷·T25）To improve the quality of our products ,we asks for suggestions ___ had used the products.A.whoever B.who C.whichever D.which 【解析】选A。句意：为了提高我们的产品质量，我们征询了曾经使用过这种产品的人的建议。选题关键是要了解本题的结构，考生很可能会误认为是定语从句而选了D，ask sb for suggestions向某人征求建议，排除C和D.who的意思是“谁” whoever的意思是“无论谁”相当于anyone who 2011年高考题
1.（四川卷T10）Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A.why B.how C.what D.which 【解析】选C考查宾语从句。句意为:老师总是告诉我们，如果想要成功，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们是谁。believe in 之后是两个并列的宾语从句，在第一个从句里，动词do 缺少宾语，所以用what。故选C.2.（山东卷T26）I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes anything.A.that B.when C.where D.why
【解析】选D。恐怕他在很大程度上是一个空谈的人而不是一个干实事的人，这就是他为什么一事无成的原因。根据句子语法结构，why在句中用来引导表语从句。其他连词与句子语意不符。
3.（山东卷T33）We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know _____ she’ll accept it.A.where B.what C.whether D.which
【解析】选C。考查名词性从句。句意为：我们已经为她提供了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。选项中whether引导宾语从句表示是否，where表示地点；what往往在名词性从句中指“……的人或物”；which表示“哪一个”。
4.（江西卷T26）The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.A．this B．that C．what D．which 【解析】选C。考查名词性从句。句意为：村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥。后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。
5.（辽宁卷T23）Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read first.A.what B.who C.how D.why 【解析】选C。考查宾语从句的引导词，句意为：二十名学生想参加旨在于教授如何快速阅读的课程。what什么；who谁；how如何，符合句意；why为什么。
6.（辽宁卷T32）When the news came the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.A.since B.which C.that D.because 【解析】 选C。考查同位语从句，句意为：当战争已爆发的消息传来时，他决定到军队中服役。空格后the war broke out为news的内容，构成了同位语从句，而且从句中什么成分也不缺，要用that来引导，that不能省略。since自从，既然；which哪一个；because因为，引导原因状语从句。
7.（陕西卷T15）I’d like to start my own business—that’s I’d do if I had the money.A.why B.when C.which D.what 【解析】选D。考查名词性从句。句意：如果我有这么多钱，我会自己做买卖，那就是我想做的事情。句中what在表语从句中充当宾语。what I’d do意为“我所愿意做的事情”。
8.（湖南卷T31）Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _____ the problem itself is.A.what B.that C.which D.why
【解析】选A。考查名词性从句。句意：在解决问题之前必须弄清楚问题本身是什么。what引导主语从句，并在主语从句中充当表语。注：句中的it是形式主语。
9.（天津卷T13）Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.A.what B.which C.that D.where 【解析】选C。考查名词性从句，句意为：现代科学已给出了明显的证据，吸烟会导致许多疾病。Smoking can lead to many diseases是evidence的内容，evidence在此句中不做成分，此句是个完整的句子，不缺成分，是同位语从句。所以选引导词that。What, which和where需要在句子中做成分。
10.（上海卷T35）There is clear evidence ______ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A.what B.if C.how D.that 【解析】选D。考查同位语从句和引导词。句意为：有清晰的证据证明最难诠释的感情是身体上的疼痛。分析句子结构可知the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain作evidence的同位语，因此引导词要用that，that在同位语从句中不作成分，但不能省略，故选D。
11.（上海卷T38）The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ______ others actually understand.A.why B.that C.which D.what 【解析】选D。考查名词性从句。句意为：你想用言语表达的信息或许与其他人实际上理解的内容恰恰相反。why引导定语从句或宾语从句；that引导宾语从句，同位语从句，表语从句，定语从句或主语从句，但在主语从句中不作成分；which引导定语从句或宾语从句；what引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，可以理解为“……的人、事物等”，由句意可知选D。
12.（江苏卷T26）It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.A.that B.how C.when D.why 【解析】选D。考查主语从句，句意为：这个人为什么没有尽快报告这个事故，还不清楚。根据句意可知主语从句中缺少原因状语，故用why。that引导主语从句不作句子成分；how作方式状语；when作时间状语。
13.（重庆卷T22）It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A.whether B.when C.which D.where 【解析】选 A。考查名词性从句。句意为：旧汽车站是否应该被重建为现代化的宾馆仍然在商讨中。引导名词性从句时，A项意为“是否”，并且能与or not连用；B项意为“……的时间”；C项意“哪一个，哪一些”；D项意为“……的地点”。此句中，it为形式主语，后面为真正的主语从句，由句意以及后面的or not可知选A。
14.（重庆卷T34）It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.A.whose B.what C.which D.that 【解析】选B。考查名词性从句。句意为：对于公众来说，要想知道一项新的发明对人了的生活有什么用处并不总是一件容易的事。此句中，it为形式主语，to see _____ use a new invention can be of to human life是真正的主语，其中_____ use a new invention can be of to human life是see的宾语从句，其正常语序为a new invention can be of _____ use to human life，引导宾语从句时，whose +n.表示“谁的”；what +n.表示“什么”；which +n.表示“哪个、哪些”；that后面不能接名词。由此可以看出该空填what，what use“什么用处”，故选B。15（安徽卷T33）His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express.A.that B.how C.who D.what 【解析】选 D。考查名词性从句。句意为：他的笔迹非常混乱，很难弄清他想表达什么意思。本题考查动词短语make out引起的的宾语从句，该空在宾语从句中作express的宾语，表示事物，故选择D项。that在宾语从句中不作句子成分；how作方式状语；who作主语，指人。只有what可用作宾语并且指事物。
16.（北京卷T22）Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A.Which B.What C.That D.Whom 【解析】 选B。考查名词性从句中的主语从句。句意为：芭芭拉?琼斯提供给她的狂热仰慕者的是诚实和快乐。offer sth.to sb.给某人提供某物，由此可知从句中offer后面缺少宾语，应用what来作宾语并引导从句，故选B。
17.（北京卷T31）The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face.A.what B.how C.that D.why 【解析】 选A。考查宾语从句。句意为：这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们会面临着多么可怕的问题。宾语从句为感叹句：“what(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语”结构，故答案为A。
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