第一篇：商场商业术语营销术语大全
商场商业术语营销术语大全（不断更新）商场商业术语营销术语大全
1、返券：即在促销活动期间内，购物满一定金额赠送不同或相同金额的抵用券，如满500元返20元券。
2、折扣：折扣是一种最常见、也最容易操作的促销方式。即全场商品或部分商品进行不同程度的折扣销售。
3、特价：即限定某个时间段内某些商品执行特价销售，超出时间自动恢复，一般建议在客流比较少的时段做，这样可以拉平卖场人气。
4、限定条件优惠：如，限会员购买优惠或会员达到一定消费积分时优惠，还有买购多少额度优惠或返利。
5、限总量优惠：即在优惠的商品出售够一定数量时，特价终止，恢复原价销售。
6、限客单量优惠：即限定每客最多购买特价商品的数量，若超过限量则超过的部分按原价销售计算。
7、购买超过一定量优惠：即某个单品一次购买超过几个，就按设定的优惠价计算销售。
8、商品碰头分组促销：此项促销事先设定好分组的商品（必须是两个单品），定好优惠价格，只有消费者在购买时，在规定的时间同时找到两个对应的单品时则按优惠价销售；此活动一般适应与卖场布局死角多的地方，将两个分组商品放置在不同的区域，让消费者去寻找，以提升卖场动线和消费者购物的乐趣。
9、捆绑销售：即将一些关联性强的商品放在一起，并打包给予一定的优惠进行销售。
10、消费购买一定额度，可以购买超低价商品，如：购物满50元可以1元钱买一斤色拉油等。
11、买赠促销：即买指定的东西送赠品，还有买够多少钱送不同的赠品；赠品可以是商品也可以是企业的广告礼品（如：茶杯、围君、广告衫、广告伞、遮阳帽等）。
12、有奖销售：即购物满一定条件可以参加摸奖或抽奖活动，主要是奖品一定要丰富，并且有公众吸引力。
13、商家联盟促销：即购物满一定条件或消费达到某种条件，可以提供消费者到其他商家消费的打折权利，比如：在超市买够500元送餐饮或娱乐项目的赠票或折扣券，或者在某餐饮或娱乐项目消费单位满多少元可以送超市的优惠卡或折扣券。
14、购物送服务：购物满一定条件可以免费送货、报销车费、代大扫除、免费般移大件物品、免费维修家具或电器和通讯工具等。
15、POP：POP是英文point of purchase的缩写，意为“卖点广告”,其主要商业用途是刺激引导消费和活跃卖场气氛。她的形式有户外招牌，展板，橱窗海报，店内台牌，价目表，吊旗，甚至是立体卡通模型等等。常用的POP为短期的促销使用，其表现形式夸张幽默，色彩强烈，能有效地吸引顾客的视点唤起购买欲，她作为一种低价高效的广告方式已被广泛应用。
16、零售：是一种交易形式,可定义为将商品或劳务直接出售给最终消费者的销售活动,也是向消费者提供销售商品的一种商业活动环境,使消费者从零售商店里获得消费品及其与消费品有关的无形服务的满足,它直接关系到居民的生活质量和生活方式，是社会资源分配的一个重要阶段--也是最后阶段。
17、零售战略：是零售商打算如何集中其资源来达成其目标，确定其主要服务于哪些顾客和将提供什么样的商品和服务，并建立和保持竞争优势的系统性谋划。具体上它包括企业使命目标，竞争对手分析，顾客的细分、定位，商店的选址，服务策略，与供货商的关系，信息管理和分销系统，低成本经营，以及零售活动组合等等。
18、商圈：是指零售店以其所在地点为中心，沿着一定的方向和距离扩展，吸引顾客的辐射范围，简单的说，也就是来店顾客所居住的地理范围。
19、全过程商品管理：是指一个零售商从分析顾客的需求入手，对商品组合、定价方法、促销活动，以及资金使用、库存商品和其它经营性指标做出全面的分析和计划，通过高效的运营系统，保证在最佳的时间、将最合适的数量、按正确的价格向顾客提供商品，同时达到既定的经济效益指标。
20、市场化经营商场化管理：指采取“整体规划、招租经营、统一管理、自收自付”，各柜相对自主经营，并以规范化的商场管理形成专业特色的经营管理模式。
21、精细化管理：是以“精确、细致、深入、规范”为特点的全面化的管理模式。全面化是指精细化管理的思想和作风贯彻到整个企业的所有管理活动中。精细化管理包括：精细化的操作、精细化的控制、精细化的核算、精细化的分析、精细化的规划。
22、购物中心交通规划：购物中心交通规划分为两部分，一部分是周围道路把交通引入购物中心，另一部分是购物中心自身用地范围内的交通组织和规划，以及建筑内部的人流组织。
23、购物中心的步行人流：购物中心的步行人流分为两种：一种是从停车场到购物中心的运动；另一种是从购物中心到购物中心的运动。
第二篇：商业术语
国际贸易实务常用词汇（英汉对照）
@每；单价；在
accelerate trade payment(ATP)加速贸易付款 acceptance 承兑，接受
acceptance letter of credit(acceptance L/C)承兑信用证 accepting bank 承兑行 acceptor承兑人
acknowledgement of insurance declaration 投保声明的回执 actual delivery 实际交货 actual quality 实际品质 actual tare 实际皮重 actual total loss 实际全损 Ad.val(拉丁语)从价
advanced bill of lading(advanced B/L)预借提单 advanced payment 预付货款 advising bank 通知行 afltoxin risk 黄曲霉素险 agency 代理 agent 代理商 agreement 协议书
agreement of consignment 寄售协议 Air Express 急件传送
air transportation all risks 航空运输一切险
air transportation cargo war risks 航空运输货物战争险 air transportation risks 航空运输险 air waybill 航空货运单
aligned document system 套合一致的单证 all risks 一切险
all risks for shipment of frozen products 冷藏货物运输一切险 alteration charge 变更卸货港附加费
American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC)美国纺织化学师与印染师协会标准 American Society of Testing Materials(ASTM)美国材料试验协会的标准 announcement of tender 发布招标公告
anticipatory letter of credit(anticipatory L/C)预支信用证 ante-dated bill of lading(ante-dated B/L)倒签提单 antirust packaging 防锈包装 applicant 开证申请人
application for credit 开证申请书 arbitration 仲裁
arbitration agreement 提交仲裁协议
arbitration application 仲裁申请 arbitration clause 仲裁条款 arbitration procedure 仲裁程序 arrival contract 到达合同 artificial harbor 人工港
assembling with customer’s parts 来件装配 assignment of proceed 款项让渡或款项过渡
Association of Official Analytical Chemists(AOAC)美国公职分析化学师协会标准 assortment list 花色搭配单 at buyer’s option 由买方决定 at seller’s option 由卖方决定 auction 拍卖 auctioneer 拍卖人
authority to purchase(A/P)委托购买证 automatic revolving letter of credit(automatic revolving L/C)自动循环信用证 available by negotiation 议付兑现 available by payment 付款兑现 average price平均价 average tare平均皮重 avoidance of delay 防止延迟
B back to back letter of credit(back to back L/C)对背信用证 bale packing 捆包装 bank credit card 信用卡 bank guarantee 银行保证函
banker’s acceptance bill 银行承兑汇票
banker’s acceptance letter of credit(banker’s acceptance L/C)银行承兑信用证 banker’s bill 银行汇票 banker’s cheque 银行支票 banking charges 银行费用 barter trade 易货贸易 base port 基本港 beneficiary 受益人
benefit of insurance 保险利益 berth terms 船方负担装卸费 bid 递盘
bid bond 投标保证金，投标押金 bidding documents 编制招标文件 bill for collection(B/C)托收汇票 bill of exchange 汇票
bill of lading(B/L)海运提单 bill of lading weight 提单货量
blank endorsement 空白背书 bona fide holder 善意持有人 book 订购
booking note 托运单
both to blame collision clause(B.B.clause)船船互撞条款 breach of condition 违反要件 breach of contract 违反合同
breach of innominate terms 违反无名条款 breach of intermediate terms 违反中间性条款 breach of warranty 违反担保或违反随附条件 brief cable 简电本
British standard(BS)英国（工业）标准 bulk cargo 散装货物
bunker adjustment factor(BAF)燃油附加费 business negotiation 交易磋商 buyback 回购
buyer’s sample 买方样
buyer’s usance credit 买方远期信用证 buying hedging 买期保值 buying offer 购货发盘
C cable address(C/A)电挂 cable confirmation 电报证实书 cable credit 电开信用证 call of tender 招标
Canadian Standards Association(C.S.A)加拿大标准协会 canceling date 解约日 cargo in bulk 散装货物 cargo manifest 货物舱单 cargo plan 积载图又名船图 cargo receipt 承运货物收据
carriage and insurance paid to(„named place of destination)(CIP)运费、保险费付至（„指定的地）
carriage paid to(„named place of destination)(CPT)运费付至（„指定目的地）carton 纸箱
cash against documents 凭单付款 cash discount 现金折扣
cash in advance(C.I.A)预付现款 cash in order(C.I.O)订货时付款 cash on delivery(C.O.D)交货付款 cash with order(C.W.O)附订单付现
certificate for dispatch of documents 寄单证明
certificate for dispatch of shipment samples 寄样证明
certificate in regard to handlooms textile handcrafts and traditional textile products of the cottage industry 手工制纺织品产地证
certificate of age of vessel 船龄证明书 certificate of classification 船舶船级证明 certificate of compliance 明白证明书 certificate of date of sailing 开船证明书 certificate of delivery 交货证明书
certificate of departure from port 离港证明书 certificate of load line 船舶载重线证明
certificate of vessel’s nationality 船舶国籍证明 certificate of origin 产地证明书
certificate of textile products 纺织品产地证 certificate of ownership 所有权证书 certificate of weight 重量证书 certified cheque 保付支票
certified invoice 证实发票或签证发票 CFR ex ship’s hold CFR 舱底交货 CFR ex tackle CFR 吊钩下交货 CFR landed CFR 卸到岸上 CFR liner terms CFR 班轮条件 CFS to CFS（集装箱运输）站到站 CFS to CY（集装箱运输）站到厂 CFS to door（集装箱运输）站到门
China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(C.C.P.I.T)中国国际贸易促进委员会
China Council for the Promotion of International Trade Certificate of Origin(CCPIT certificate of origin)中国国际贸易促进委员会产地证
China Exit and Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau(CIQ)中国出入境检验检疫局 China National Foreign Trade Transportation Corporation(SINOTRANS)中国外贸运输公司 China Ocean Shipping Agency(COSA)中国外轮代理公司 China Ocean Shipping Company(COSCO)中国远洋运输公司 CIF ex ship’s hold CIF 舱底交货 CIF ex tackle CIF 吊钩下交货 CIF landed CIF 卸到岸上 CIF Liner terms CIF 班轮条件 claim 素赔
clash and breakage risks 碰损、破碎险 Class Rate Freight Tariff 等级运价表 classification of commodities 货物分级表 clean bill 光票
clean bill of lading(clean B/L)清洁提单 clean letter of Credit(clean L/C)光票信用证 clean report of findings 清洁报告书 closed bids 密封递价
closed policy 总括保险单 collecting bank 代收行 collection 托收
collection advice 托收委托书 colour sample 色彩样品
combined bill of lading(combined B/L)并提单 combined certificate 联合凭证
combined certificate of value and origin 估价和原产地联合证明书 combined documents 联合单据 combined offer 复合发盘
combined transport bill of lading(CTB/L)联合运输提单 commercial acceptance bill 商业承兑汇票 commercial bill 商业汇票 commercial documents 商业单据 commercial invoice 商业发票
commercial paper letter of credit(commercial paper L/C)商业票据信用证 commercial technology transfer 商业性技术转让 commission 佣金
commission agency 佣金代理 commission agent 佣金代理商 commodity exchange 商品交易所
Commodity Futures Trading Commission 商品期货交易委员会 commodity inspection 商品检验
commodity inspection corporation(C.I.C)商检公司 common license 普通许可
communicate to all address 分送电 compensation agreement 补偿协定 compensation system 补偿制 compensation trade 补偿贸易 complete knock down(C.K.D)全拆卸
complete set bill of lading(complete set B/L)全套提单
Comprehensive Import Supervision Scheme(C.I.S.S)全面进口监督计划 computed tare 约定皮重 conciliation 调解
concurrent terms 对流条件 conditional sale lease 销售租赁 conditioned weight 公量 confirm 保兑 confirmation 确认书
confirmed letter of credit(confirmed L/C)保兑信用证 confirming bank 保兑行 confirming sample 确认样 consecutive days 连续日 consideration对价
consignee 收货人，代销商 consignment 寄售
consignment bill for highway transportation 公路货物运输托运单 consignor 寄售人
constructive delivery 推定全损 constructive total loss 推定全损 consular invoice 领事发票 consular visa 领事签证
consulting engineers 咨询工程公司 consulting service顾问咨询
container bill of lading(container B/L)集装箱提单 container freight station(C.F.S)集装箱货运站 container load 集装箱装载
container load plan(C.L.P)装箱单 container number(container no.)集装箱号 container yard(CY)集装箱堆场
contingency insurance ,covers seller’s interest only 卖方利益险 contract 合同
contract for the international sale of goods 国际货物销售合同
Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Award 《承认及执行外国仲裁裁决公约》 cover note 暂保单 co-production 合作生产
copy of bill of lading(copy B/L)副本提单 correspondent bank 代理行
cost and freight(„named port of destination)(CFR)成本加运费（„指定目的港）
cost, insurance and freight„（named port of destination）(CIF)成本加运保费（„指定目的港）couriers receipts 快邮收据 counter offer 还盘，还价 counter purchase 互购 counter sample 对等样品 counter trade 对等贸易 counter card 信用卡
counter to expire abroad 国外到期信用证 crew list 船舶船员名单 cross license 交叉许可 cross offer 交叉发盘 crossed cheque 划线支票
currency adjustment factor(CAF)币值附加费 customary packing习惯包装 customary tare习惯皮重 cutting sample 剪样
CY to CFS（集装箱运输）场至站 CY to CY（集装箱运输）场至场 CY to door（集装箱运输）场至门
D Dalsey ,Hilbolom , Lind ,Courier’s Service DHL 信使专递 dampproof packing 防潮包装 date of issue 出票日期 date of draft 出票日期 dead freight 空舱费 dead weight 总载重量 dead-weight cargo 重货
dead-weight tonnage 载重量吨位 debit note(D/N)借款帐单
declaration of country of origin 原产地声明书 deductible 绝对免赔率 deferred payment 延期付款
deferred payment letter of credit(deferred payment L/C)迟期付款信用证 delivered at frontier(„named place)(DAF)边境交货（„指定地点）
delivered duty paid(„named place of destination)(DDP)完税后交货（„指定目的港）delivered duty unpaid(„named place of destination)(DDU)未完税交货（„指定目的地）delivered ex quay(„named port of destination)(D.E.Q)目的港码头交货（„指定目的地）delivered ex ship(„named port of destination)(D.E.S)目的港船上交货（„指定目的港）delivery 交货
delivery order(D/O)提货单 demand draft(D/D)汇票 demise charter 光船租船 demurrage money 延期费，滞期费 deposit receipt(D/R)押金收据 description of goods 货物说明
desk to desk express service 桌到桌快递服务 dispatch money 速谴费
destination of discharge 目的地 detail airmail 详见航邮件 detailed invoice 详细发票 detailed packing list 详细装箱单 Diners Club international 大菜卡 direct additional 直航附加费 direct barter 直接易货
direct bill of lading(direct B/L)直运提单 direct price 直接价 discount 贴现
discrepancy and clam clause 异议与索赔条款 dishonor 拒付行为
Disinfect ion Inspection Certificate 消毒检验证书 displacement tonnage 排水量吨位 disponent owner 船东
dock receipt(D/R)码头收据；场站收据 documentary bill 跟单汇票
documentary letter of credit(documentary L/C)跟单信用证 documentary against acceptance(D/A)承兑交单 documentary against payment(D/P)付款交单
documentary against payment with trust receipt(D/P.T/R)付款交单凭信托收据借单 domestic credit 国内信用证 door to CFS（集装箱运输）门到站 door to CY（集装箱运输）门到场 door to door（集装箱运输）门到门 D/P at „days after sight 远期付款交单 D/P at sight 即期付款交单 draft 汇票
drawee 受票人，付款人 drawee bank 付款行 drawer 出票人，收款人 duplicate sample 复样 dutch auction 减价拍卖 duty paid value 完税价格
E EDI message 电子信息
Electronic Data Interchange(EDI)电子数据通信 Electronic Data Processing(EDP)电子数据处理 enclosure 附件
endorsement 批单，背书
engineering contracting 工程承包 enquiry 询盘
equipment lease 设备租赁
errors and omissions excepted(E.&O.E)有错当查，错误或遗漏不在此限 establishing bank 开证行
estimated time of arrival(E.T.A)预定到达时间
estimated time of departure(E.T.D)预定开航时间；预定离港时间 ex works(„named place)(EXW)工厂交货（„指定地点）except as otherwise noted(E.A.O.N)除非另有记载 exclusive agency 独家代理
exclusive agency agreement 独家代理协议 exclusive agent 独家代理商 exclusive distributor 包销商 exclusive License 独占许可 exclusive sale 包销
exclusive sale agreement 包销协议
expected time of finishing discharging(E.T.F.D)预计卸完时间 expected time of finishing loading(E.T.F.L)预计装完时间
export declaration(E/D)出口申报书
export freight manifest 出口载货运费清单或运费舱单 export licence 出口许可证
export licence textile products 纺织品出口许可证 export manifest 出口载货清单 exporter 出口人
extraneous risks 外来风险
F failure to deliver risk 交货不到险 fair average quality(F.A.Q)良好平均品质 false bill of lading(false B/L)伪造提单 finance lease 融资租赁 financial documents 资金单据
fire risk extension clause-for storage of cargo at destination HongKong ,including Kowloon, or Macao(F.R.E.C)货物出口到香港(包括九龙)或澳门寸仓火险责任扩展条款 first beneficiary 第一收益人 fixed price 固定价
fixed scale rogalty 固定提成率 flexible container 柔性集装袋 FOB liner term FOB班轮条件 FOB stowed(FOBS)FOB包括理舱
FOB stowed and trimmed(F.O B.S.T)FOB包括平舱和理舱 FOB trimmed(FOBT)FOB包括平舱 FOB under tackle FOB钓钩下交货
FOB vessel(---named port of shipment)指定运港船上交货 Food and Drug Administration(FDA)美国食品及药品管理局 for reference only 仅供参考 force majeure 不可抗力
force majeure clause 不可抗力条款 fortuitous accidents 意外事故 forward price 期货价格
forward cargo receipt(FCR)运输代理人的承运货物收据 forwarding agents 发货代理或货运代理 foul bill of lading(foul B/l)不清单提单 franchise 相对免赔率
free all average(F-A-A)不计一切海损
free alongside ship(---named port of shipment)(FAS)船边交货(---指定装运港)free carrier(---named place)(FCA)货交承运人(---指定地点)free from particular average(F-P-A)平安险 free in(F-I)船方官卸不管装
free in and out(F-I-O)船房不管装和卸
free in and out, stowed and trimmed(F-I-O-S-T)船方不管装卸,理舱和平舱 free on board(---named port of shipment)装运港船上交货(---指定装运港)
free out 船方管装不管卸 free perimeter 自由边境区 free port 自由港
free trade zone 自由贸易区 freight agent 货运代理人 freight bill 运费帐单 freight manifest 运费舱单 freight prepaid 运费已付 freight to collect 运费到付 freight ton 运费吨
fresh water and /or rain damage(F-W-R-D)淡水雨淋险 fresh water road line 淡水载重线 frustration of contract 合同落空 full cable 全电本
full container load(F-C-L)整箱货 full packed 全部包装 full payout 完全付清
fill set bill of lading(full set B/L)全套提单 full set of clean on board bill of lading made out to order and endorsed in blank 全套清洁已装船作成凭指示和空白背书的提单 fundamental breach 根本违反合同 future contract 期货合同 futures market 期货市场 future transaction 期货交易
G general additional 一般附加险
General Administration of Civil Aviation China(AAC)中国民航总局 general agency 总代理 general agent 总代理人 general average(G-A)共同海损
general average contribution 共同海损分摊
general conditions of delivery of goods 交货共同条件 general terms and conditions 一般交易条件
generalized system of preference certificate of origin Form A(G-S-P Form A)普惠制产地证格式 Geneva uniform law on cheque 日内瓦统一支票法规 Good merchantable quality(G-M-Q)上好可销品质 goods quality 商品品质 grade of goods 商品等级 grane back 技术反馈
green clause credit 绿条款信用证 gross bills of lading weight 毛提单货量 gross for net 以毛作净
gross registered tonnage(G-R-T)注册总吨 gross terms 船方担负装卸费 grounded 搁浅
groundage bill of lading 成组提单
guarantee letter of credit(guarantee L/C)担保信用证,保证信用证 guarantor 保证人 gunny bags 麻袋
H Hamburg Rules 海牙规则 Hard ware硬件
heavy lift additional超重附加费 heavy weather恶劣气候 hedging 套期保植 hire purchase租购式租赁 hook damage 钩损险 house air way bill 分运单
house bill of lading 运输代理行提单 I Immediate shipment 立即装运 import declaration 进口申请书 import duty risk 进口关税险 importer 进口人 indent 订单
indicative marks 指示性标志 industrial activity 实用性 industrial property 工业产权 initial payment 初付费,入门费 initial price 初步价格 injured party 受害方 inland depot 内陆货运站
inland extended cover 内陆附加险
inland waterway bill of landing 内陆提单 inspection and claim clause检验与索赔条款 Inspection Certificate of Health 健康检验证书 Inspection Certificate of Origin 产地检验证书 Inspection Certificate of Quality 品质检验证书 Inspection Certificate of Quantity 数量检验证书 Inspection Certificate of Value 价值检验证书 Inspection Certificate of Weight 重量检验证书
Inspection Certificate on Cargo Weight and Measurement 货物衡量证书 Inspection Certificate on damaged Cargo 验残检验证书 Inspection Certificate on Tank /Hold 验舱证书 Inspection of goods 货物检验
Institute Cargo clauses(ICC)协会货物险条款
Institute Cargo clauses A(ICC(A))协会货物(A)险条款 Institute Cargo clauses B(ICC(B))协会货物(B)险条款 Institute Cargo clauses C(ICC(C))协会货物(C)险条款 Institute strikes clauses-Cargo 协会罢工险条款(货物)Institute War clauses-Cargo 协会战争险条款(货物)Insurable interest 保险利益;可保权益 Insurance certificate 保险凭证 Insured amount 保险金额 Insurer 承保人;保险人
Intellectual property 知识产权
Interim measures of protection 保全措施又称临时保护措施 International Chamber of Commerce(ICC)国际商会
International code of conduct on the technology transfer 国际技术转让行动守则 International competitive bidding 国际竞争性招标 International combined transport国际多式联运 International express mail service(EMS)国际特快专递 International multimodal transport 国际多式联运
International railway through transport 国际铁路货物联运
International rules for the interpretation of trade terms(INCOTERMS)国际贸易术语解释通则 International standard organization 国际标准化组织
International trading certificate(ITC)国际贸易证书 Intrinsic quality 商品内在素质 Inventive activity 创造性
Invitation to make offer 邀请发盘 Invitation to tender 招标
Irrespective of percentage(I-O-P)不论损失程度
Irrespective letter of credit(irrevocable L/C)不可撤消信用证 Issue 出票
Issuing bank 开证行 Insurance policy 保险单 Insurance value 保险价值
J Japanese Industrial Standard(JIS)日本工业标准 Jettison and/or washing over board 抛掷,海水冲击险 K Kite mark 风筝标志
Knocked-down in carloads 拆散成整车皮装货物 Knocked-down shipment(货物)分运 Know how 专有技术 L Land bridge transport 大陆桥运输
Landed terms 起货条件 Landing account 卸货报告
Landing quality ,weight as final 以到岸品质,重量为准 Landing weight 卸货重量,到岸重量 Last pay certificate 最后付款证明书 Late acceptance 逾期接受 Law and practice 法律惯例 Lay time 装卸时间 Lay days date 受载时间 Leakage risk 渗漏险 Lease trade 租赁贸易
Licensor’s share on licensee’s profit(LSLP)利润分成原则 Legal net weight 法定净重 Legal weight 法定重量
Less than container load(LCL)拼箱货 Lessee 承担人 Lessor 出租人
Letter of credit(L/C)信用证 Letter of guarantee(L/G)银行保证函 Letter telegramme 书信电报 Leverage lease 杠杆租赁 Licensing 许可证贸易
Licensing agreement 许可证协议 Lien 扣押权
Light displacement 空船排水量或清排水量 Liner 班轮
Liner shipping 班轮运输
Liner terms 班轮条件,船方负担装卸费 Liner’ s freight tariff 班轮运价表 Liquidated damages 预定损害赔偿 Litigation 诉讼 Load line 船舶载重线
Loaded displacement 满载排水量或重排水量或总排水量 Loading list 装货清单
Local freight agent 当地运输代理商 Local vanning 当地装箱 Log book 航行日志
London Metal Exchange 伦敦五金交易所 London Stock Exchange 伦敦证券交易所
Long form bill of lading(long from B/L)全式提单 Long length additional 超长附加费
Loss and/or damage caused by breakage of packing 包装破裂险 Lot tolerance rate 批内允许破损率 Lot tolerance defective 批内允许次品费
Lowest price limit 最低售价 Lump sum payment 一次总算 M Mail confirmation to follow 随寄证实书 Mail credit 信开信用证 Mail transfer(M/T)信汇 Main mark 主要标志 Major causes 重大意外事故
Malicious damage clauses 恶意损害险条款
Manufacture’s certificate of origin 生产商原产地证明书 Manufacture’s invoice 厂商发票 Marine bill of lading 海运提单 Marine insurance policy 水运保险单 Marker capacity 标定容量 Master airway bill民航运单 Master Card 万事达卡 Master document 总单证 Master receipt 大副收据 Material breach 重大违约 Mate’s receipt 大副收据
Measurement and weight mark 体重和重量标志 Measurement cargo 轻货 Measurement list 尺码单 Measurement ton(M/T)尺码吨 Memorandum 备忘录
Method of dispatching documents 寄单方法 ’ Method of reimbursement 所汇方法 Mildew proof packaging 防霉包装 Mini land bridge(M-L-B)小路桥
Minimum bill of lading(minimum B/L)起码提单 Minimum freight 起码运费 Minimum premium 最低保险费 Minimum rate 起码费率 Minimum weight 最低重量 Minor breach 轻微违法 Mixed agreement 混合协议 Mixed policy 混合保险单 Mode of shipment运输方式 Money of account 计价货币 Money of payment 支付货币 More or less clause 溢短装条款
Multimode transport documents(MTO)多式联运单据 Multimode transport operator(MTO)多式联运经营人 Multiple country declaration 多国家产地声明书
N Name of commodity 品名 National harbors 天然港 Natural calamity 自然灾害 Negotiable calamity 流通证券 Negotiated bidding 谈判招标 Negotiating bank 议付行 Negotiation 议付
0Negotiation letter of credit 议付通行证 Net bills of lading weight 净提单货量 Net dead weight 净载重量 Net net weight 净净重
Net registered tonnage(NRT)注册净吨 Net weight 净重
Neutral invoice 中性发票 Neutral packing 中性包装
New York Commodity Exchange 纽约商品交易所 No commercial value(N-C-V)无商业价值 No mark(N/M)无唛头
No orders(N/O)无指示,无定单,不指定人 Non-acceptance(N/A)拒绝承兑,拒绝接受
Non-automatic revolving letter of credit Non-base port 非自动循环信用证 Non-commercial technology transfer 非基本港
Non-cumulative revolving letter of credit 非商业性技术转让 Non-payout 非累计循环信用证
Non-vessel operating carrier(NV OC)不完全付清
Non-vessel operating common carrier(NVOC C)无船承运人 Non-vessel owning common carrier(NVOCC)无船承运人 Notice of abandonment 委付通知 Notice of readiness 备装通知 Notify party 被通知人 Notifying bank 通知行 Novelty 新颖性 Nuded cargo 裸装货物
O Ocean bill of lading(ocean B/L)海运提单
Ocean marine insurance frozen products 海洋运输冷藏货物保险 Ocean marine insurance wood oil bulk 海洋运输散装桐油保险 Ocean waybill 海上货运单或海运单 Off set 抵消贸易 Offer 发盘
Offer without engagement 不受约束的发盘 Omnibus bill of lading(omnibus B/L)并提单
On board bill of lading(on B/L)已装车提单 On deck risk 舱面险
Once on demurrage a一旦滞期,始终滞期leeway’s on demurrage Open account transaction 赊帐交易 Open bidding 公开招标 Open by airmail 信开
Open by telecommunication 电开 Open policy 预约保单
Open negotiation letter of credit 公开议付信用证 Opener 开证人,开证申请人 Opening bank 开证行 Opening of tender 开标 Operating lease 经营租赁 Operative instrument 有效文本 Optional charges 选港费 Optional fees 选择卸货港附加费 Optional port 选择港 Order 定货,定单
Order bill of lading(order B/L)指示提单 Original mark 原产地标志 Outturn sample 船样
Overland common points(O-C-P)内陆地区 Overland transportation all risks 陆运一切险
Overland transportation cargo war risks-by train 路上运输货物战争险 Overland transportation frozen products 路上运输冷藏货运险 Overland transportation risks 陆运险
P Pack slip 装箱单 Packaging销售包装
Package number mark 件号标志 Package list 装箱单 Packed cargo 包装货物 Packing 运输包装
Packing documents 包装单据 Packing loan 打包放款
Packing specification 包装证明 Packing summary 包装提要 Paper bags 纸袋
Paperless documentation Parcel post all risks 邮包一切险 Parcel post risk 邮包险
Parcel post war risks 邮包战争险 Part packed 局部包装
Partial loss 部分损失 Partial shipment 分批装运 Particular average 单独海损 Patent 专利
Pattern sample 款式样品 Pay by installment 分期付款 Payee 受款人 Payer 付款人 Paying bank 付款行 Payment 付款
Payment in advance 预付条款 Penalty clause 罚金条款 Performance bond 履约保证金 Performance guaranty 履约保证函
Performance letter of credit 履约信用证 Perils of the sea 海上风险 Physical delivery 实际交货 Place of departure 启运地 Place of issue 出票地点 Place of payment 付款地点 Place of receipt 收货地 Port of call 挂靠港
Port congestion surcharge 港口拥挤附加费 Port of destination 目的港 Port of discharge 卸货港 Port of loading 装货港 Port of shipment 装运港 Port of transshipment 转运港 Port surcharge 港口附加费 Port to port 港到港
Postal money order 邮政汇票
Presentation for acceptance 承兑提示 Presentation for payment 付款提示 Presenting bank 提示行
Price adjustment clause 价格修正条款 Price terms 价格条件,价格术语 Principal 委托人
Processing with customer’s materials 来料加工 Product buyback 产品返销 Product sharing 产品分成 Performa invoice 形式发票 Progress 先进性
Progression payment 分期付款 Promissory note 本票
Prompt shipment 即期装运 Protest 拒付证书
Provisional price 暂作价 Public certificate 公务证书 Purchase order 购货定单
Purchase confirmation 购货确认书 Purchase contract 购货合同
Q Quality sample 品质样品 Quality latitude 品质机动幅度 Quality of goods 商品品质
Quality to be about equal to the sample 品质与样品大致相同 Quality tolerance 品质公差 Quote 报价 R Real tare 实际皮重
Receipt for the goods 货物收据 Receipt invoice 收妥发票
Received for shipment bill of lading 备运提单 Reciprocal letter of credit 对开信用证 Red clause letter of credit 红条款信用证 Reference sample 参考样品 Registered tonnage 注册吨 Regular shipping liner 班轮 Reimbursing agent 偿付代理人 Reimbursing bank 偿付行 Reissuing bank 转开行 Rejection risk 拒收险 Related product 相关样品 Remittance 汇付
Remittance against documents 凭单付汇 Remitting bank 托收行
Repayment guarantee 还款保证函 Representative sample 代表性样品
Restricted negotiation letter of credit 限制议付信用证 Restrictive endorsement 限制背书 Resultant product 直接产品 Return sample 回样
Return voyage charter 来回航程次
Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 一九四一年美国对外贸易定义修正本 Revocable letter of credit 可撤销信用证 Revoke 撤销
Revolving around time letter of credit 按时间循环信用证
Revolving around value letter of credit 按金额循环信用证 Revolving letter of credit 循环信用证 Right of exclusive sale 独家经销权利 Right of recourse 追索权
Right of subrogation 代位追偿权,代位权 Risk for shipment of frozen products 冷藏险 Risk of intermixture and contamination 混杂,沾污险 Risk of odour 串味险 Risk of shortage 短量险 Risks clause 风险条款 Risks covered 承保范围
Risks of strikes,riots and civil commotion(SRCC)罢工,暴动,民变险 Rules for Pre-arbitral Referee Procedures 仲裁前公断程序规则 Ruling price 现行价 Running days 连续日
Running working days 连续工作日 Rust-inhibiting packaging 防锈包装 Rusting risk 锈损险 S Safty-mark 安全标志 Sailing date 开航日期,船期 Sale and lease back 回租
Sale by brand name or trade mark 凭牌名或商标销售 Sale by buyer’s sample 凭买方样品销售 Sale by description 凭文字说明销售 Sale by grade 凭等级销售
Sale by illustration 凭说明书销售 Sale by sample 凭样销售
Sale by seller’s sample 凭卖方样品销售 Sale by specification 凭规格销售 Sale by standard 凭标准销售 Sales confirmation 销售确认书 Sales contract 销售合同 Salvage charge 救助费用
Sanitary Inspection Certificate 卫生检验证书 Scheduled airline 班机运输 Sea protest 海事报告 Sea water damage 海水损失险 Sea waybill 海运单或海上货运单 Seal number(seal no..)封号 Sealed bid 密封发盘,密封递价 Sealed sample 封样
Seaworthy packing 适合海运包装 Second beneficiary 第二受益人
Secondary credit 从属信用证或对背信用证 Selected bidding 选择性招标 Seller’s sample 卖方样
Seller’s usual packing 卖方惯用包装 Selling hedging 卖期保值 Selling offer 售货发盘 Semi knock down(S.K.D)半拆卸
Semi-automatic revolving credit 半自动循环信用证 Separate bill of lading 分提单 Settlement of exchange 结汇 Shipment 装运
Shipment as soon as possible 尽快装运 Shipment certificate 装船证明
Shipment certificate textile products 纺织品装船证明 Shipment contract 装运合同 Shipment request 装货申请
Shipped bill of lading 已装船提单 Shipper 托运人
Shipping advice 装船通知 Shipping agent 船务代理 Shipping mark 运输标志, Shipping note装货通知单 Shipping order(S/O)装货单 Shipping package 运输包装
Shipping quality,weight or quantity as final 以离岸品质,重量或数量为准 Shipping sample 装船样品 Ship’s classification 船级 Shockproof packing 防震包装 Short delivery 短交,短交获
Short from bill of lading(short from B/L)略式提单 Show how 技术示范 Sight 见票
Sight draft 即期汇票
Sight letter of credit 即期信用证
Sight payment letter of credit 即期付款信用证 Signature of the drawer 出票人签字 Similar credit 套证
Single country declaration 单一国家声明 Simple license 普通许可
Single rate freight tariff 单相费率运价表 Single voyage charter 单程航次 Sliding price 滑动价 Soft ware 软件 Sole agency 独家代理
Sole agent 独家代理商 Sole license 排他许可
Special additional risk 特别附加险 Special drawing rights(SDRs)特别提款权 Special endorsement 特别背书 Special order 特别定单 Special policy 逐笔保险单 Specification list 规格明细单 Specification of goods 商品规格 Speed post receipt 快递收据
Standby letter of credit 备用信用证 Stowage factor 积载系数 Stowage plan 积载图,船图
Straight bill of lading 记名提单 Straight lease 直接租赁 Strand 触礁
Strikes risk 罢工险
Subject matter insured 保险标的物 Sub-license 分许可
Submission of arbitration agreement 提交仲裁协议 Submission of tender 投标
Subsidiary credit 从属信用证或对背信用证 Sue and labour expense 施救费用 Summer load line 夏季载重险 Survey report 检验报告
Sweat and heating risks 受潮受热险 Switch bill of lading 交货提单 Switcher 转手商
Symbolic delivery 象征性交货
T Technical and clause committee 技术与条款委员会 Technical servicing and assistance 技术服务与协助 Technology continuing assistance 技术继续援助 Technology transfer agreement 技术转让协议 Technology transfer transaction 技术转让 Telegraphic transfer(T/T)电汇 Tender guarantee 投标保证书
Terminal devanning(集装箱)区内拆箱 The British System 英制
The doctrine of strict compliance 严格符合的原则 The metric system 米制
The People’s Insurance Company of China(PICC)中国人民保险公司 The U,S, Export Quotations and abbreviations 美国出口报价及其缩写条例
The U.S.System 美制
Theft ,pilferage and non-delivery 偷窃,提货不着险 Theoretical weight 理论重量
Through bill of lading(through B/L)联运提单 Time charter 定期租船 Time draft 远期汇票
Time letter of credit(time L/C)远期信用证 Time policy 定期保险单 To draw 出票 To order 凭指定 To order of 凭某某指定
To order of(**)Bank 凭某某银行指定 To order of shipper 凭托运人指定 Tonnage certificate 船舶吨位证书 Total amount 总值 Total loss 全部损失
Total quality control 全面质量控制
Trade and payment agreement 贸易和支付规定 Trade discount 贸易折扣 Trade mark 商标
Trade terms 贸易条件,贸易术语
Transferable letter of credit 可转让信用证 Transfering bank 转证行
Transshipment bill of lading 转船提单 Transshipment risk 转运费
Transshipment surcharge 转船附加费 Transshipment to be allowed 允许转船
Transit Siberian land bridge container service traffic(TSCS)西伯利亚大陆桥集装箱运输 Transit storage 转运仓库 Transmitting bank 转递行 Transport document 运输单据 Traveler’s cheque 旅行支票
Traveler’s letter of credit 旅行信用证 Trip charter 定程租船
Tropical fresh water load line 热带地区淡水载重线 Tropical load line 热带地区载重线 True lease 正式租赁
Trust receipt(T/R)信托收据 T/T reimbursement 电报索赔条款 Turn key project 交钥匙项目
Twenty-foot equivalent unit(TEU)20英尺(集装箱)等量单位 Two-stage bidding 两段招标 Type sample 标准样品 U
Unclean bill of lading 不清洁提单 Unconditional guarantee 无条件函
Unconfirmed letter of credit 不保兑信用证
Underwriter laboratories Inc.(U.L)美国保险人公会安全认证标志
Uniform customs and practice for commercial documentary credit(UCP)商业跟单信用证统一惯例 Uniform Rules for Collection 托收统一规则 Unit load device 成组装运设备 Unit packing list 成组(货物)装箱单 Unit price 单价
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD)联合国贸发会议 United Nations Layout Key for Trade Documents 联合国贸易单据设计样式 Universal bulk ship 通用散装货船
Universal products code(UPC)通用产品符号 Unlimited competitive bidding 不限竞争性招标 Unlimited price 不限价 Unvalued policy 不定值保险单 Usance credit 远期信用证 Usual risks 通常险 Utility 实用性 V Value added tax 增值税 Value policy 定值保险单 Verification certificate 验单
Veterinaty Inspection Certificate 兽医检验证书 Visby Rules 维斯比规则 Voyage charter 定程租船 Voyage policy 船程保单 W War risk 战争险
Warehouse receipt 仓库收据 Warehouse stock 仓库存货
Warehouse to warehouse clause(W/W clause)“仓至仓”条款 Warf-owner’s liability 码头主责任 Warning marks 警告性标志
Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932 1932年华沙—牛津规则 Waterproof packaging 防雨包装 Weather working days 晴天工作日
Weather working days of 24 consecutive hours 连续24小时晴天工作日 Weather working days of 24 hours 24小时晴天工作日 Weight certificate 重量证书 Weight list 重量单 Weight memo.磅码单 Weight note 重量单 Weight ton(W/T)重量吨
Winter load line 冬季载重线
Winter north Atlantic load line 北大西洋冬季载重线 With average(W.A)水渍险
With particular average(W.P.A)水渍险 With recourse credit 有追索权信用证 Withdraw 撤回
Without engagement 不受约束 Without recourse 不受追索
Without recourse credit 无追索权信用证 Wooden cakes 木桶 Wooden cases 木箱 Working days 工作日 Written statement 书面声明 Y York-Antwerp Rules 约克.安特卫普(共同海损理算规则)
第三篇：营销术语
营销（Marketing）：个人和群体通过创造产品和价值，并用之与他人进行交换以获得所需所欲的社会及管理过程。
需要（Needs）：感受到的贫乏状态，包括物质需要、社会需要和个人需要。需要是人类自身本能的基本组成部分。
欲望（Wants）：人类的需要经由文化及个性塑造后所采取的形式。欲望是用可满足需要的实物来描述的。
需求(Demands)：有购买力作后盾的人类需求。
产品（Product）：任何可以提供给市场，获得关注、占有、使用或消费，并可能满足人们某种需要或欲望的东西。它包括实物、服务、人员、地点、组织及观念。
顾客价值（Customer value）：消费者对某种产品能满足其需要的全部效能的一种评价，体现为顾客从拥有和使用该产品所获得的全部价值与为取得该产品所付出的总成本之间的差额。它对顾客来说是一种收益。
顾客满意（Customer satisfactfon）：消费者认为产品性能能够达到其期望值的程度。如果产品的性能低于顾客的期望，购买者便不会感到满意；产品的性能超过期望，购买者就会感到满意甚至会感到惊喜。
全面质量管理（Total quality management，缩写为 TQM）：一套专门设计用以不断改进产品服务和业务流程质量的程序。
交换（Exchange）：通过提供某种东西作为回报，从别人那里取得所需物品的行为。它是满足需要的一种方式。交换是营销的核心概念。
交易（Transaction）：发生在双方之间的买卖，涉及两种或两种以上有价之物、协议一致的条件、协定的时间及协定的地点。它是市场营销的度量单位。关系营销（Relationship marketing）：与顾客及其他利益相关者（分销商、经销商和供应商）建立、维持并加强富有特定价值的牢固关系的过程。市场（Market）：产品或服务的现实和潜在的购买者集合。
营销管理（Marketing management）：为实现组织目标而对旨在建立、加深和维持与目标购买者之间有益的交换关系的各种程序所作的分析、计划、实施及控制。
缓适营销（Demarketing）：在需求过旺的情况下，暂时或永久地减少需求，旨在减少或转移需求而非破坏需求。
生产观念（Production concept）：这一观念认为消费者偏好那些可以随处买到且价格低廉的产品，因此管理部门应集中力量提高生产和经销的效率。
产品观念（Product concept）：这一观念认为消费者喜好那些质量最优、性能最好和特色最佳的产品。因此，企业应致力于对产品的不断改进。这种观念充分考虑了消费者利益，是新产品开发理念的具体体现。
推销观念（Selling concept）：这种观念认为企业只有采用大规模的销售及促销活动，消费者才会大量购买其产品。
营销观念（Marketing concept）：一种营销管理理念，认为组织目标的实现依赖于对目标市场的需要和欲望的正确判断，以及用比竞争对手更有效的方式去满足消费者的需要。战略规划（Strategic planning）：在组织的目标、能力和不断变化的营销机会之间，发展并保持某种战略适应性的过程。它由以下几个部分组成：确立明晰的组织任务、确定相应的组织目标、设计最佳的业务组合以及协调各职能战略。
使命书（Mission statement）：是指对组织的宗旨——组织在更大范围的环境中希望实现的目标所做的陈述。业务组合（Business portfolio）：是指构成企业的业务及产品集合。
业务组合分析（Portfolio analysis）：管理部门借以对企业的各项业务进行确认和评估的一种方法。
战略业务单位（strategic business unit，缩写为 SBU）：是指具有单独的任务和目标，并可以独立于其它各业务单位单独制定计划的一个企业单位。战略业务单位可以是企业的一个部门或某个部门内的一条产品线，有时也可以是一种产品或品牌。
增长率-占有率矩阵（Growth－share matrix）：运用市场增长率和市场相对占有率，对企业各战略业务单位进行评估的一种业务组合计划方法。战略业务单位可分为明星类、金牛类、问号类和狗类四种。
产品／市场扩展方格（Product／Market expansion grid）：一种通过市场渗透、市场开发、产品开发或多元化来鉴别企业增长机会的业务组合计划工具。
市场渗透（Market penetration）：在不对产品进行任何改造的情况下，扩大现有产品在已有细分市场销售量的企业增长战略。
市场开发（Market development）：为企业现有产品找到并开发新的细分市场的增长战略。产品开发（Product development）：向现有细分市场提供改良产品或新产品的企业增长战略。在这种情况下，产品概念发展成为实体产品，确保了产品构思转化为有用产品。多元化（Diversification）：在企业现有产品和市场以外开设或取得业务的企业增长战略。价值链（Valne chain）：用以识别可以创造更多顾客价值的途径的一种重要方法。价值交付系统（Value delivery system）：指企业供应链上共同发挥作用，将价值交付给顾客的的所有组织。
营销过程（Marketing process）：指分析营销机会、选择目标市场、设计营销组合及管理营销活动的全过程。
市场细分（Market segmentation）：将市场分为具有不同需要、特征或行为，因而可能需要不同产品或营销组合的不同购买者群体的过程。
细分市场（Market segment）：对特定的营销刺激作出相似反应的消费者群体。目标市场选择（Market targeting）：是指估计每个细分市场的吸引力并选择进入一个或多个细分市场的过程。
市场定位（Market positioning）：为使产品在目标消费者心目中相对于竞争产品而言，占据清晰、特别和理想的位置而进行的筹划。也即确定产品的具有竞争力的地位及详细的营销组合。
营销组合（Marketing mix）：是指企业为在目标市场取得期望得到的反应，而混合采用的一组可控制的战术营销手段。营销组合可分为四组变量——产品、价格、地点及促销。营销战略（Marketing strategy）：是指业务单位想借以实现其营销目标的营销逻辑。营销实施（Marketing implementation）：是指为实现战略性营销目标，而将营销战略和计划付诸行动的过程。
宏观环境（Macroenvironment）：是指能影响整个微观环境的广泛的社会性因素——人口、经济、自然环境、技术、政治和文化因素。
品牌形象（Brand image）：是指消费者关于某个特别品牌的一系列信念。
购买决策（Purchase decision）：是消费者决策过程的一个阶段。在该阶段，消费者购买产品。
市场（Market）：是指某一产品或服务的全体实际和潜在购买者。微观营销（Micromarketing）：目标营销的一种形式。采取这种形式的公司选择适当的营销方案，以满足各个狭窄的地理、人口、心理及行为细分市场的需要和欲望。
市场细分（Market seqmentation）：把市场分割为不同质的购买者群体，这些群体具有不同需要。性格或行为，且可能需要单独的产品或营销组合。
目标市场选择（Market targeting）；估计每个细分市场的吸引程度，并选择进入一个或若干个细分市场的过程。
市场定位（Market positioning）：是指对产品进行竞争性定位，并制定详细的营销组合。品牌扩展（Brand extension）：利用一种成功的品牌名称，在一个新的产品种类中生产新产品或改良产品。
品牌多样化（Multibranding）：是指企业在同一类产品中建立两种或更多品牌的战略。内部营销（Internal marketing）：一种营销类型，是指服务性公司必须培训并有效地激励直接与顾客接触的雇员及所有辅助服务人员，使其通力合作为顾客提供满意的服务。交互式营销（Interactly marketing）：一种营销类型，是指服务性公司认识到人们感觉到的服务质量倚重于买卖双方相互作用的质量。
组织营销（Organization marketing）：是指为了造就、维持或改变目标受众对某个组织的看法和行为而进行的活动
第四篇：热门商业术语中英文对照
热门商业术语中英文对照
outbound travel：出境游
Outbound travel by Chinese citizens started in 1997 with destinations consisting merely of Thailand，Singapore，Malaysia，the Philippines as well as China’s Hong Kong and Macao.Only 5.32 million Chinese citizens traveled abroad the same year，the official said.assembly line：装配线
Airbus agreed with Premier Wen Jiabao on Sunday to study the possibility of setting up an assembly line in China —— a move that could see its jets being built outside Europe for the first time.attrition：人员自然缩减
Wagoner said the job cuts will come primarily through attrition and early-retirement packages to mitigate the impact on workers.money broker：货币经纪人
China’s banking regulator on Friday published detailed rules for the implementation of provisions to manage money brokers.blockbuster：巨片、大片
Hong Kong blockbusters swept the major prizes of Taiwan’s 42nd Golden Horse Film Awards，considered one of the top awards events of the Chinese-language film industry.smooth over：消除
The accord is aimed at smoothing over a rough spot in the US-China trade relationship before President George Bush visits Beijing in the middle of this month.reshuffle：改组；调整
A financial reshuffle by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China，which was transformed into a joint stock company，is more or less finished.severence pay：解雇金
“Laying of workers is a tough decision to make because of the strong relation witth workers and the high severance pay，” he said.cutoff point：起征点
China’s monthly personal income tax cutoff point was lifted to 1，600 yuan from 1，500 yuan after drawing on public opinions from the first-ever legislature hearing held on Sept.27.write off：勾销债款
Reform measures，including 2 billion yuan（US$246 million）in central bank bills to help write off bad loans as well as efforts to improve management，have already yielded results.upstart：暴发户；新贵
Facing intense competition both from global rivals like General Motors Corp.and domestic upstarts like Chery Automobile Co.，VW has seen its market share drop to 18 percent，from well over 50 percent in the 1990s.buy into：买入股票
Once finalized，the deal would mark the European firm’s first direct investment in China’s banking industry，after it lost a bid to buy into Bank of Beijing in March to Dutch rival ING and the World Bank’s International Finance Corp.liquidator：清算人
Stephen Liu Yiu-keung and Yeo Boon-ann have been appointed as joint liquidatorsof the company，to implement the transactions outlined in the Settlement Deed.brisk：兴旺的；生机勃勃的It is estimated that the sales volume of gold and jewelry during the week-long holiday saw a year-on-year increase of around 35 percent as business was brisk throughout the country
at a discount：打折扣
The valuation is at a discount to the country’s number-five lender，Bank of Communications（BoCom），whose shares trade at about 2.2 times book.peak season：高峰期
The first and last three days will be thepeak season of the National Day holiday.The aviation industry has entered into high season，with 400，000 passengers transporting everyday and load factor is close to 75 percent.headcount：职员总数
“These headcount reductions are indispensable.They will contribute to significant improvements in the competitiveness of Mercedes-Benz through an increase in productivity，” the company said.bow out：由…退出
Dozens of MP3 player manufacturers in Shenzhen are bowing outas fierce competition has severely squeezed their profit margins.market maker：做市商
The People’s Bank of China may name banks including HSBC Holdings Plc.，Citigroup Inc.and Bank of China as market makers in the yuan，a step toward a freely traded currency，bankers and traders familiar with the situation said.tone up：增加
“These firms make a decisive contribution to job creation.Our aim is to liberate their massive potential to improve competitiveness，tone up employment，boost economic growth and encourage social cohesion，” Sioufas said.gyration：波动
Disruptions to oil and gas supplies may add to energy price gyrations，they said.wean off：使脱离
China’s central bank pledged Monday to keep the newly unshackled yuan basically stable but urged fresh efforts to wean the economy off export-driven growth.curb：抑制；控制
The physical and psychological damage caused by Hurricane Katrina is likely to reverberate across the global economy in ways that will curb growth well into 2006，economists say.perk up：振作起来
There were no significant changes from prior quarters，and SupportSoft met revenue estimates.During the conference call，however，management raised an issue that made my ears perk up.cap：限制
In an effort to gain some control over what motorists pay at the pump，Hawaii on Wednesday became the first state in the U.S.to set caps on the wholesale price of gasoline.mortgage：抵押贷款
Rates on 30-year mortgages declined this week after posting increases for six consecutive weeks.proceeds：收益
The Internet search leader said it will use the proceeds for “general corporate purposes，” including possible acquisitions.Google added that it currently has no agreements or commitments to make a material purchase.downturn：衰退
“Six weeks after the July 7 attacks killed 56 people，including four suicide bombers，the Greater London
Authority（GLA）accepts there has been some downturn，”the economic daily reported.inflation ：通货膨胀
Consumer inflation shot up in July as rising gasoline prices pinched drivers’ wallets from coast to coast.Initial public offering：公开募股
Now the startup founded by two Chinese veterans of American tech firms is preparing to follow Google’s example with an initial public offering in the United States，hoping to raise $45 million.Skew：曲解；歪曲
However，that comparison is skewed because the sale of IBM’s personal computer division to China’s Lenovo Group Ltd.closed on May 1，lowering the figures IBM posted in the remaining two months of the quarter.Looking only at continuing operations，IBM showed a profit of $1.85 billion，$1.14 per share.Population：种群，族群
“There are clear differences between the two populations that had not been previously recognized and these were confirmed by the studies on DNA，” said Isabel Beasley，a doctoral student at James Cook University’s School of Tropical Environmental Studies and Geography.Unionized：工会组织的But aside from giving interns valuable experience，the program is a relatively cheap source of labor for Disney and sometimes worries the unionized workers，although union officials approved the program when it began almost 25 years ago.Same-store sales：同店销售额
Wal-Mart Stores Inc.raised its forecast for June same-store sales，citing demand for seasonal and general merchandise.Threshold：上限，极限
With $60 no longer a thresholdprices appeared set to go even higher，analysts said.Big-ticket：高价的，昂贵的Entrepreneurs grumble that executives pander to big-ticket electronics vendors and industrial manufacturersa symbolic gesture，analysts said，since the cartel is already pumping that much.Including Iraq，which is not bound by the official quota，OPEC’s daily output was 29.3 million barrels a day in May，according to the International Energy Agency.Newswire：新闻专线
The April figure was also better than the 4.5 percent forecast by economists surveyed by Dow Jones Newswires.Happy Hour：欢乐时光
Beer-swilling Britons face a sobering prospect： an unhappy hour.A group representing about half the country’s pubs and bars said Monday it is curbing Happy Hour offers and other deals that encourage irresponsible drinking，a British pastime that has come under increasing attack from the government.Bear out：证实
Scientists are excited about a vitamin again.But unlike fads that sizzled and fizzled，the evidence this time is strong and keeps growing.If it bears out，it will challenge one of medicine’s most fundamental beliefs： that
people need to coat themselves with sunscreen whenever they’re in the sun.Doing that may actually contribute to far more cancer deaths than it prevents，some researchers think.Stitch：缝合，缝缀
The goal of the merger is to stitch together two geographically distinct carriers wih a history of financial struggles into a stronger airline that would compete better with lower-cost rivals such as Southwest Airlines Inc.and JetBlue Airways Corp.US Airways has a strong presence on the East Coast，and in the Caribbean，while America West operates across the West from hubs in Phoenix and Las Vegas.Out-of-state：外州的Wine lovers can’t be barred from shipping home bottles purchased from out-of-state vineyards they visit in person or on the Internet，the Supreme Court said Monday in a decision toasted by the wine industry.Shade：细微差别
Disney’s profit of $698 million，or 33 cents a share，was a shade above Wall Street estimates and contrasts with the $537 million，or 26 cents，it earned a year earlier.Revenue in the period ended April 2 climbed 9% to $7.8 billion.Ratification：批准，承认
Bahrain has its own agreement awaiting U.S.Congress ratification.Two other members of the six-state Gulf Cooperation Council —— Oman and the United Arab Emirates —— have started talks on free trade deals with the U.S.Repellent：驱虫剂
After years of promoting the chemical DEET as the best defense against West Nile-bearing mosquitoes，the government for the first time is recommending the use of two other insect repellents.Thriller：惊悚片
Nicole Kidman and Sean Penn’s “The Interpreter” translated into solid box-office as the United Nations thriller debuted with $22.8 million to top the weekend for Hollywood.Peck：啄，轻吻
The “MareNostrum，” built by IBM Corp.，boasts 40 teraflops of speed.It can make more calculations in one second than a human pecking at a calculator could make in 10 million years.Buyout：全部买下
Shares in Lenovo Group，the largest Chinese maker of personal computers，rose Thursday after three buyout funds bought a stake in the company for $350 million.Oust：驱逐，罢黜
Mr Hurd，currently head of smaller US computer services group NCR，will replace Carly Fiorina，who was ousted from HP in February.HP’s shares closed up 8.1% in Tuesday trading in New York，following initial speculation of Mr Hurd’s appointment.Realism：真实性，逼真度
A judge has ordered Sony Corp.to pay $90.7 million to a company that develops technology that enhances video game realism but immediately stayed an order that would halt U.S.sales of Sony’s popular PlayStation consoles.Epizootic：家畜流行病
The report said the State Emergency Veterinary and Anti-Epizootic Committee was working on the problem，reporting outbreaks in “a few” locations，including the Hadang Chicken Farm，one of Pyongyang’s largest.Capsize：倾覆
Bernard Ebbers，the once-swaggering CEO of WorldCom，was convicted Tuesday of engineering the largest corporate fraud in U.S.historyfor the first million sold-a copy of the “Spider-Man 2” movie on the new Universal Media Disc format that Sony designed for the PSP.Shoot up：暴涨，迅速生长
Shares in Google jumped 9 percent to a record high after the company reported net income shot up more than seven times from a year earlier，beating estimates by a wide margin.Holidaymaker：度假者
The devastating tsunami that wiped out cities，seaside communities and holiday resorts in southern Asia has not put holidaymakers off visiting the region，a survey has found.Get an edge：取胜
When it comes to recruiting students for college，admissions officials are turning to increasingly outlandish stunts to get the attention of high schoolers.Birthday cards，ski weekends and even reality TV shows are being used by colleges and universities to get an edge.Shirtsleeve：只穿衬衣的，非正式的Hiring the shirtsleeve crowd represents a shift in the economy toward higher-paying jobs and a more skilled workforce.It also indicates that some companies that squeezed their middle managements four years ago are starting to rebuild them.
第五篇：术语
IPO
全称Initial public offerings(首次公开募股），是指某公司（股份有限公司或有限责任公司）首次向社会公众公开招股的发行方式。有限责任公司IPO后会成为股份有限公司。
首次公开招股是指一家私人企业第一次将它的股份向公众出售。通常，上市公司的股份是根据向相应证券会出具的招股书或登记声明中约定的条款通过经纪商或做市商进行销售。一般来说，一旦首次公开上市完成后，这家公司就可以申请到证券交易所或报价系统挂牌交易。
量化宽松
量化宽松是一货币政策，由中央银行通过公开市场操作以提高货币供应，可视之为“无中生有”创造出指定金额的货币，也被简化地形容为间接增印钞票。其操作是中央银行通过公开市场操作购入证券等，使银行在央行开设的结算户口内的资金增加，为银行体系注入新的流通性。
“量化宽松”中的“量化”指将会创造指定金额的货币，而“宽松”则指减低银行的资金压力。[2]中央银行利用凭空创造出来的钱在公开市场购买政府债券、借钱给接受存款机构、从银行购买资产等。这些都有助降低政府债券的收益率和降低银行同业隔夜利率，银行从而坐拥大量只能赚取极低利息的资产，央行期望银行会因此较愿意提供贷款以赚取回报，以纾缓市场的资金压力。
当银根已经松动，或购买的资产将随着通胀而贬值（如国库债券）时，量化宽松会使货币倾向贬值。由于量化宽松有可能增加货币贬值的风险，政府通常在经历通缩时推出量化宽松的措施。而持续的量化宽松则会增加通胀的风险。
什么是ST股票/*ST票？
沪深证券交易所在1998年4月22日宣布，根据1998年实施的股票上市规则，将对财务状况或其它状况出现异常的上市公司的股票交易进行特别处理。
ST股是指境内上市公司连续二年亏损，被进行特别处理的股票。*ST股是指境内上市公司连续三年亏损的股票。
由于 “特别处理”的英文是Special treatment（缩写是“ST”），因此这些股票就简称为ST股。
财务状况异常指:
1、最近一个会计的审计结果显示股东权益为负值；扣除非经常性损益后的净利润为负值
2、最近一个会计的审计结果显示其股东权益低于注册资本,即每股净资产低于股票面值；
3、注册会计师对最近一个会计的财务报告出具无法表示意见或否定意见的审计报告；
4、最近一个会计经审计的股东权益扣除注册会计师、有关部门不予确认的部分,低于注册资本；
5、最近一份经审计的财务报告对上利润进行调整,导致连续一个会计亏损；
6、经交易所或中国证监会认定为财务状况异常的。
其他异常状况指:
1、由于自然灾害、重大事故等导致上市公司主要经营设施遭受损失,公司生产经营活动基本中止,在三个月以内不能恢复的；
2、公司涉及负有赔偿责任的诉讼或仲裁案件,按照法院或仲裁机构的法律文书,赔偿金额累计超过上市公司最近经审计的净资产值的50%的；
3、公司主要银行账号被冻结,影响上市公司正常经营活动的；
4、公司出现其他异常情况,董事会认为有必要对股票交易实行特别处理的；
5、人民法院受理公司破产案件,可能依法宣告上市公司破产的；
6、公司董事会无法正常召开会议并形成董事会决议的；
7、公司的主要债务人被法院宣告进入破产程序,而公司相应债权未能计提足额坏账准备,公司面临重大财务风险的；
8、中国证监会或交易所认定为状况异常的其他情形。
在上市公司的股票交易被实行特别处理期间，其股票交易应遵循下列规则：
（1）股票报价日涨跌幅限制为5％；
（2）股票名称改为原股票名前加“ST”，例如“ST银广夏（000557）”；（3）上市公司的中期报告必须审计。股票中 SST、*ST *ST---公司经营连续三年亏损，退市预警。ST----公司经营连续二年亏损，特别处理。
S*ST--公司经营连续三年亏损，退市预警 还没有完成股改。SST---公司经营连续二年亏损，特别处理 还没有完成股改。S----还没有完成股改
*ST类股票想要摘掉*ST帽子必须全部符合如下条件：
1、并非连续两年年报亏损（包括对以前年报进行的追溯调整），从现有ST的情况看，2006年年报必须盈利；
2、最近一个会计的股东权益为正值，即每股净资产为正值，新规定不再要求每股净资产必须超过1元；
3、最新年报表明公司主营业务正常运营，扣除非经常性损益后的净利润为正值，因此不能只看每股收益数据，还要看扣除非经常性损益后的每股收益；
4、最近一个会计的财务报告没有被会计师事务所出具无法表示意见或否定意见的审计报告；
5、没有重大会计差错和虚假陈述，未在证监会责令整改期限内；
6、没有重大事件导致公司生产经营受严重影响的情况、主要银行账号未被冻结、没有被解散或破产等交易所认定的情形。
若想一步到位摘掉*ST帽子，恢复10%的涨跌交易制度，在硬指标上必须是年报的每股收益、扣除非经常性损益后的每股收益以及每股净资产三项指标同时为正值，才有提出摘帽的资格，交易所有权根据各家公司的具体情况来决定是否批准。
QFII
（Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors）合格的境外机构投资者的简称，QFII机制是指外国专业投资机构到境内投资的资格认定制度。QDII
是Qualified Domestic Institutional Investors（合格境内机构投资者）的英文首个字母缩写。是指在人民币资本项下不可兑换、资本市场未开放条件下，在一国境内设立，经该国有关部门批准，有控制地,允许境内机构投资境外资本市场的股票、债券等有价证券投资业务的一项制度安排。
市盈率
指在一个考察期（通常为12个月的时间）内，股票的价格和每股收益的比例。
市净率
指的是每股股价与每股净资产的比率。
市净率多少合适?这就要看什么市场了.牛市可以放宽.熊市会降低.目前香港,美国等成熟市场的银行股的市净率在2-3倍.而我们的民生银行是6.5倍,招商是5倍.因为我们是牛市,所以银行股超过5倍也不能简单就说它是泡末.比如工商银行06年上市时净资产是0.9,现在是1.45,当然这里面有没有做假帐就不说了.说明牛市里股票的成长性很高..上市公司的赢利增长很快,否则就不会构成牛市了..象中信证券,市净率超过10倍,但依然在今年的下半年还会上涨.净资产收益率
又称股东权益收益率，是净利润与平均股东权益的百分比，是公司税后利润除以净资产得到的百分比率，该指标反映股东权益的收益水平，用以衡量公司运用自有资本的效率。指标值越高，说明投资带来的收益越高。
私募 按投资标的分有私募证券基金、私募股权投资基金（PE）、私募风险投资基金（VC）。目前国内典型的私募证券基金有武当资产、广东新价值、赤子之心、尚雅投资、星石投资等，典型的PE有KKR基金、凯雷基金、红衫资本、鼎辉投资，典型的VC有李开复的创新工场，软银赛富、联想投资、IDG等。
阳光私募
专指私募证券投资基金这一块，因为它不被国家法律认同，即武当资产、新价值、尚雅都是“灰色”系公司，而KKR、红衫资本或IDG都是有牌照的，能够按注册范围做股权投资或风险投资。
那武当资产、星石等私募证券基金如何规避法律，披上合法的外衣呢？答案是借道信托公司，使自己“阳光化”。它们从信托公司那儿买一个证券投资信托计划账户，表面上资产管理人是信托公司，而实际操作人是私募，投资者的钱是存放在信托公司证券投资信托计划的一个指定账户，与私募资产隔离；定期公开基金净值收益，操作具有规范性、合法性，所以我们常常见到深国投（星石）、中融（赤子之心）这样的信托计划。通过信托公司渠道，私募的投资计划、预期收益率、资金存放都阳光化了，这样的私募即叫做阳光私募。仍然是传统模式的，向熟人募集，资金存放于私募账户，这样的私募即是不阳光的私募，是非法的。
点击咨询 