考研英语写作160篇5篇

第一篇：考研英语写作160篇

一、命题规律

根据修订后的硕士研究生入学考试大纲的规定，应用文写作部分在命题方面有以下原则：

（1）应用文部分主要要求考生能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函（主要有祝贺信、介绍信、邀请信、申请信、询问信、致谢信、约会信、道歉信、推荐信、投诉信、辞职信）、备忘录、便笺等。应用文写作时，考生应能：

① 做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；

② 遵循文章的特定文体格式；

③ 合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；

④ 根据写作目的，恰当选用语域。

（2）考试形式：考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，考生在答题卡2上作答。满分10分。

（3）应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域的恰当，对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题作调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。100词左右，文章长度不符合要求的酌情扣分。

二、题型分析

（一）书信类

书信是一种最常见的应用文。它包括祝贺信、介绍信、邀请信、申请信、询问信、致谢信、辞职信、约会信、道歉信、推荐信、投诉信等十多类。英文书信包括信头、正文和信尾。书信格式是：

（1）信头。

① 写信人地址、日期；② 收信人姓名、地址；③ 称谓。

（2）正文。

（3）信尾。

① 结尾谦称；② 署名。

书信格式具体要求写信人地址和日期位于信纸的右上角，地址在上，日期在下，中间可间隔一行。英文地址书写顺序与中文相反，所以应该是从小到大的顺序：门牌号、街道名、区名、市(州/县)、国名。收信人地址和日期正式的社交信件都要在信内写上收信人的姓名及地址，又称为信内地址。它位于信纸的左侧，比信头的日期低一行或两行。称谓(salutation)称谓位于收信人地址下面，间隔一至两行。如果不知道对方的姓氏，称呼一般都用Dear Sir or Dear Madam。如果信是写给一个机构的多个人，则用Dear Sirs或者Dear Mmes。常见的称呼头衔有：Mr.(先生)，Mrs.(已婚女士)，Miss(未婚女性)，Ms.(对于不知婚否的女性)，Prof.(教授)，Dr.(对博士或医生的称呼)。书信正文书信正文写在称呼语下面，间距为一至两行，正文的层次结构是：引言、中心部分和结尾。结束敬语结尾敬语有尊卑亲疏之分，与称呼相配合。在正文后面，隔两行从信纸中间偏右的地方开始写，第一个字母大写，其后用逗号。常用的结尾敬语有：对于地位高的人或长辈：Yours respectfully；在商业和正式函件中：Yours faithfully，Yours sincerely；私人朋友之间：Yours sincerely，Yours affectionately，Yours lovingly，相当于汉语中的“某某敬上”，“某某谨呈”。署名在结尾敬语的正下方署上写信人的姓名，商业信函往往需要在署名的下面打印写信人的全名，职称打在姓名的下方，如果署名者为女性，则在姓名前加注“Miss”或“Ms.”。?

如有附言则在署名的下方隔一两行的左下角注明postscript(P.S.)；如含附件需注明Encl.。

书信有两种格式：齐头式与缩进式。前一种所有的段落顶格开始，正文的段落之间空一行。缩进式所有段落空四至五个字母开始，正文段落之间不空行。

下面以一封抱怨信为例，其他各种信件的格式均可以此作为参照。

Directions： For this part，you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter on the topic A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus.You should write at least 120 words，and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below：

假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。March 23，2006 Dear Mr.President，I am writing to you，in the name of senior students of this college，to express my dissatisfaction with our canteen.The main problems involve the price，quality，environment and service.As far as I know，dishes here are generally of poor quality and high price.For example，a green vegetable will cook yellow，with bad taste and even something dirty，sticks or hair，for example.And what is worse，it even sells at 2 to 3 yuan，and a dish with some meat will be more than 5 yuan.That is not what our poor students can afford.Besides，the dining environment also needs improving.Dining tables and chairs are very dirty，greasy，and in poor condition.In addition，they are not enough to go around among students.What is more，the cooks sometimes are not fair.Usually they give more dishes and food to girl students，and less to boy students.As a result，girls can’t finish theirs，but boys are still hungry，which is a pity.Finally，we are looking forward to your quick dealing with the matter mentioned above.Thank you for your kind consideration.? Yours sincerely，Li Ming

（二）便笺写作（Note Writing）?

便笺也是一种简单的书信，经常用于朋友、同事和家人之间临时有事相告而又无法与对方面谈的场合。便笺通常可以表达通知、请求和留言等内容。便笺通常包括日期、称呼、正文、署名四个部分。

（1）日期。一般只写星期几或几月几号，必要时也可写上某天的上下午和钟点，由于便笺所涉及内容多为当日或近日要办的事，因此年份则完全不必要了。

（2）称呼。可以直接用姓和名，如：Smith（姓），John（名），Wang，Weifang；也可用头衔加姓，如：Mr.Smith，Prof.Lin等。

（3）正文。用词要通俗，开门见山，简短扼要。

（4）署名。非常熟悉的人之间，只写上姓或名即可。否则，要写上留条人的姓和名。从上面可以看出，便笺写作（Note Writing）实际上与书信写作（Letter Writing）大致相似，但有三点主要不同：

1.便笺较随便，因此语气通常更轻松，格式和语言都是如此。2.通常便笺较短，应言简意赅，这意味着你必须略去冗余信息。3.便笺写起来往往更具个性化，通常语言更接近口语，更直接。

例如： May 14th Dear Miss Stone，I’m really sorry that I shall not be able to attend class today.I have got a fever of 39℃.Enclosed please find a certificate from the doctor of our college which says I must stay in bed for three days.I’ll resume my studies as soon as I feel better.? Sincerely yours，Li Ming ?样 题： Directions: You are late for an appointment with a professor.You also have books that are due at the library in a few hours.Write a note to your roommate asking if she could return the books for you.In return for the favor, offer to buy her lunch.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.? 范文： Dear Jane, I have a big favor to ask you.I am late for my appointment with Professor Jones, and need to go directly to his office.I also have two books that are due back at the library this evening.As I will not be able to get to the library before it closes, I was wondering if you would possibly have the time to return the books for me.I realize this is a big favor to ask of you, as you are also very busy.In return for help, I would like to buy you lunch tomorrow.Thanks in advance!? 译文： 亲爱的简，我要请你帮个大忙。我与琼斯教授有个约会，现在已经晚了，我得直接去他的办公室。可我还有两本书要还图书馆，今晚就到期了。我可能在图书馆关门之前赶不到那里，所以我想知道你能否有时间帮我还。

我知道你也很忙，这可真太麻烦你了。为了感谢你帮忙，我明天请你吃午饭吧。谢谢！?

（三）备忘录写作（Memo Writing）

备忘录是一种正式的专业文件。它结构清晰、阅读方便、传递迅速，经常为公司或团体所使用。

大多数备忘录的特点是简明扼要，但它们同时也应具备优秀应用文的其他写作原则：面向你的读者，表达清楚且准确。

备忘录通常提出请求或发布人们对某个具体问题的迅速反应。备忘录简洁短小，各部分题目虽然看上去有些唐突，但它们可以使读者对事情有个大致了解并快速做出反应。

备忘录通常要发送、张贴、转寄，也就是说它们要迅速送到很多人手里。粗心就会出错，其影响会迅速扩大，因为为了纠正错误人们往往会写更多的备忘录。备忘录也要归档，这意味着它们将来有一天还会纠缠你。事实上“memo”来自于拉丁语“memorandum”，意思是“必须记住的东西”。备忘录的常见格式 ? 备忘录书端（Header）：书端是写在备忘录开头的压缩信息。情况不同，书端的格式可能不同，但是通常应采用下面这种格式。? Date: January 24, 1998 To: F.Prefect From: A.Dent Subject: My Suggested Revisions to the Local Demolition Schedule ? 日期：1998年1月24日 致： F.普里费科特 自： A.邓特

事由：关于地方拆除计划的建议修订案

? 日期：要采用正式的全部拼写。在有些国家，“12/01/98”是指“1998年12月1日”，而在其他国家却是“1998年1月12日”。

? 致和自：通常，省去诸如“教授”或“先生”这类头衔。“自：”后面写你名字的首字母大写，然后接你的姓。? 事由：要具体。备忘录目的（Purpose）：阐明写作原因。采用回答记者问题的方式，回答：who，what，when，where and why。?

例如： Memo To： see Distribution From： Richard Smith，secretary Date： July 15，2002 SUBJECT： EXECUTIVES’ ROUNDTABLE MEETING NOTICE ?

There will be a meeting of all members of the Executives’ Roundtable on Thursday，July 25，2002 at 11 a.m.in the Beacon Room of the Tower in Chicago.Luncheon will be served at 1215p.m..If you cannot be with us，please call 247—9521 no later than July 23.An agenda is enclosed.Also，you will find a map with complete travel directions and a description of the parking facilities at the Tower Building.It will be a pleasure to welcome all members to this important planning session of our organization.Richard Smith Distribution： Ms.Alt Ms.Rasmusson Ms.Walden Messrs： Anderson Timkins Graham

样 题： Directions: You are an active member of the student newspaper.The newspaper is currently looking for a journalist for the summer semester.Write a memo that will appear in the newspaper next week describing the position available.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.? 范文：

Date: August 10, 2005 To: All students From: A.Buttle Subject: Journalist Position Available for the Summer Semester ? The student newspaper is currently looking for a journalist for the summer semester.Applicants should currently be studying at the university, and should preferably have at least two years’ writing experience.? The successful applicant will be expected to write two articles every week on happenings in the city and on campus.The position will commence at the end of May and will last through to the end of August.The salary for the position is negotiable and will be based on experience.If you are interested, please send your resume to the campus newspaper office.? 译文：

日期：2005年8月10日 致： 全体学生 自： A.巴特尔

事由：夏季学期记者招聘 ? 学生报正在招聘夏季学期的记者。条件是应聘人应是本校的在校生，最好至少有两年的写作经验。

被聘者将每周写两篇关于这个城市和校园的报道。工作是从五月底开始，一直持续到八月底。工资待议，且会以其经历为依据。感兴趣者，请把你的简历寄到学校报社。

三、应用文的写作方法、特点

硕士研究生入学英语考试中的应用文写作一般也遵循了三段式的写法：第一段表明作者写信的缘由；第二段详细介绍具体情况；第三段根据不同种类的信件运用不同的结尾客套语。和短文写作比较起来，它对于语法结构和词汇多样性的要求相对较低，因为应用文写作更注重信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域的恰当。简而言之，应用文最重要的是把“事情”说明白，而不是要把文章写得多么优美。新赠作文要求写100字左右应用性短文,应用性短文通常包括各种信函、简历、便条、备忘录等，笔者认为考生准备重点应在各种信函。信函主要有：求职信、投诉信、邀请信、订购信、询问信、感谢信、道歉信、推荐信等八种，而在这八种信函中前五种是重点的重点。由于这是一篇小作文所以要求100字左右，难度相对于六级还低。考生只要熟悉一些常用'经典'句型，便可在短时间一挥而就。比如求职信开篇的一个'黄金'句型：I am responding to your advertisement in China Daily on January 10th, 2003, which invites applications for interpreters.Enclosed with this letter is my resume which details my background.又如此类信件结束的一个'钻石'句型：I shall be much obliged if you will afford me an opportunity for an interview, and I appreciate a response from at your earliest convenience.考生再少加发挥，在二段设置几个'亮点'，一篇高分文章就由此'诞生'了。虽然短信好写，还是建议考生参考一些写作书中关于应用文的介绍，了解模式，熟悉套话。毕竟也是书面语语体，要注意语言正式、词汇多变，如前面提到了reference books, 后面不妨修改成reference(reading)materials。还要保留一些客气礼貌的用语，如I do appreciate your kind consideration to my request或I am grateful to your kind assistance.另外，千万不要把前面的提示语（情景说明）照搬到自己的作文中用来凑字数，要利用同义词、同义表达加以改造，否则会有抄袭之嫌。下面归纳五大信函写作策略： 1． 求职信

开头段：表明信息来源，说明写作意图。

主体段：介绍自己相关的工作经历、学习经历，以此证明你能胜任这个职位。2． 投诉信

开头段： 说明与收信人的相关性，点明你写作的意图。

主体段： 写明投诉的原因，要展开说明，或者讲具体理由，或者谈问题的具体体现方式。

结束段：表达你希望上述问题得到尽快解决的强烈愿望，并对有关人员做出的努力表示感谢。3． 邀请信

开头段：表明写作意图，向某人发出邀请。

主体段：说明邀请的具体原因，邀请的内容。

结束段：表明强烈的期盼，并希望尽快得到答复。4． 订购信

开头段： 开篇点出写信的目的，定购你要的东西。

主体段： 详细说明你订购货物的规格、大小、颜色、尺寸等。

结束段：表示对方回函以便确认。5． 询问信

开头段： 明确写信的目的，说明写这封信的目的是寻求某信息或帮助。

主体段：询问具体问题，强调所需信息的重要性。

结束段：表达获取信息的强烈愿望，提供联系方式以便收信人与你联系，并对有关人员表示感谢。

总体来说新增小作文有规律可循，只要多加练习就能自如应付。

（二）大纲样题详解 Directions: You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books.Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for: 1)detailed information about the books you want, 2)methods of payment, 3)time and way of delivery.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address.范文

Dear Sir/Madam

I am writing to express my interest in purchasing several titles from your bookstore.The books that I would like to buy are A Students' Guide to Correct English Usage by Edwin James, and A College Dictionary for Advanced English by John Black.Could you let me know how much these books will cost? Which methods of payment does your store accept? Can you deliver them by express mail? How long will it take the books to reach me? If possible, I would like to pay by check and have the books sent directly to my dorm.Many thanks for any assistance you are able to provide.Yours Sincerely, Li Ming

(Word Count: 113 words)? 这篇文章共113个词，符合字数标准。下面依据评分标准的五个方面，分析得分的关键。

●是否包含所有内容要点？题目要求信中必须提到三点：1）要买的书的详细信息。信息包含两个方面：提供给书店的信息和从书店索取的信息。范文的第二句话列出了两本书的题目和作者，给书店提供了明确充分的信息。第三句话向书店询价，以便决定是否购买。这里，书名的写法也是考点之一。在印刷品中，书名用斜体，而在手写稿中，为了便于区分，书名用下划线突出。2）付款方式。范文第四句话分别询问书的价格和付款方式。methods of payment这几个词在题目中出现过，这样写是允许的，但不能使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子，否则会被扣分。3）配送所需时间和方式。这两点在范文的第五、六句话中都已提及。可见，范文包含了所有的内容要点。

●是否使用丰富的语法结构和词汇？即考查句型和词汇的灵活使用，强调变化，切忌单调、重复。先看句型，粗粗一看，没有简单重复。虽然连续提出的四个问题中，第一和第三个语法结构差不多，分别是Could you...，Can you...，但用了不同的词，避免单调。这封信里出现次数最多的词是book，作者很用心，在第一句中就用了大多数同学不会想到的一个词：title，它除了“题目，标题”的常用意思之外，还可以表示“（书刊等的）一种，一本”。第一句话的用词就与众不同，会给考官一个很好的第一印象。另一个使用频率高的词是buy，文章同样采用了先声夺人的做法，第一句用了purchase这个稍有难度的词。在提到配送方式时，用了deliver和send两个词，避免重复。在语法结构和词汇的丰富性方面，文章做得也不错。

●语言是否自然流畅，是否有语法错误？总体而言，范文读起来很流畅，几乎没有语法错误，唯一的错误就是在称呼后面缺少逗号。

●是否采用了多种衔接手法，文字是否连贯，层次是否清晰？由于内容的关系，这封信没有使用诸如and，but，however之类的连接词，但读起来仍然很连贯，因为用了另一种衔接手法，用“书”串起全文。第一句：purchasing several titles，第二句：the books that I would like to buy，第三句：these books第一次提过之后，就用不同的定冠词来特指这些书。层次也很清晰，首先说明写信的意图，然后按照提示语的顺序层层展开。

●格式和语域是否恰当贴切？应用文的格式是考查的一个重点。书信的格式包括以下几个要素：1）称呼。因为这封信是给书店销售部的，并不知道收信人是男士还是女士，所以写Dear Sir/Madam，后面应该有“,”。2）正文。写作有两种基本格式：缩进式和齐头式。缩进式每段开头空四个字母，段与段之间不空行；齐头式每段开头顶格，段与段之间空一行。在考试中，建议考生使用齐头式，目前多数商务书信或正式的书信都采用这种格式。这封信就是用齐头式。3）落款。Yours sincerely是最常用的落款，适用各种关系的人之间。语域是指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般及非正式体。对于书信而言，要根据收信人身份判断所采用的话语方式。如果是寒暑假时同学间的书信，就要用非正式体。这封信应该用正式体，范文中的称呼和落款都体现了这一点。另外，范文所用的一些句型也采用了正式体，例如：I am writing to express my interest in...，Many thanks for any assistance you are able to provide.需要提醒考生注意的是落款的姓名应与称呼相对应，写给一个机构的信，落款应当是全名，如果是写给关系密切的人，只写名字就可以，但一般会在前面加上祝福语，常用的有：Best regards，Best wishes，或With lots of love，写给机构和关系不密切的人不必用祝福语。

（三）2005-2006年考研英语写作PART A真题及范文 2006年全真试题 Directions: You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area.Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate.You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.【参考范文】

To Whom It May Concern, I would like to make a financial contribution to Project Hope, and help those who are eager to receive formal education.And would you please help me to find a candidate who has recently withdrawn from school due to poverty and is in great need of aid? It will be better if the child is a girl at the age between 10 and 12 living in a remote area.I’d like to donate some money and try my best to see her through her studies.First, I would like to donate 600Yuan which will cover the tuition fee.Second, during summer vacation each year, I will invite her to Beijing, so that she couldl broaden her horizon I really appreciate your help, and look forward to your reply as soon as possible.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

2005年全真试题 51.Directions:

Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions.But now you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss, Mr.Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.

Write your letter with no less than 100 words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address.(10 points)

【参考范文】

A Letter to Quit

[JY,5]Jun 22, 2005

Dear Mr.Wang,

First of all, please allow me to express my deep sorry to you for my resignation.I do know that this will bring about much trouble to you so that I write to you for my explanation.

I decided to quit for some reasons as follows.To begin with, the job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions is not suitable to me.What’s more, I am preparing for another degree and I prefer to further my study.Again, I apologize for my resignation to you!

I am looking forward to your early reply.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

【范文译文】

尊敬的王先生：

首先，请允许我对我的辞职向您表示深深的歉意。我确实知道这会给您带来许多麻烦，因此我将在此作出解释。

我决定辞职的原因如下：首先，作为《设计与时尚》杂志的编辑这份工作不适合我。其次，我想要继续我的学业并正在为下一个学位做准备。最后，我再次对我的辞职向您表示歉意。

等待您的尽早答复。

你诚挚的

李明

【范文2】 Dear Mr.Wang, I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position.There are a few factors involved.First of all, the salary has proved to be much lower than you originally promised.It’s very difficult for me to support a large family.In addition, the office is located in the downtown area, yet I live in the suburbs, so it is exhausting for me to spend over three hours commuting every day.Most importantly, I feel rather disappointed and left out on the job itself as in the past two months.I was never given any really important responsibility.Please consider of my resignation.I am sorry for any inconvenience caused to you.faithfully Yours sincerely, Li Ming

第二篇：考研英语写作必备

考研英语：写作必备词汇(一)

中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)国庆节 National Day

中秋节 Mia-Autumn Festival春节 Spring Festival

元宵节 Lantern Festival儿童节 Children‘s Day

端午节 Dragon Boat Festival妇女节 Women’s Day

泼水节 Water-Splashing Day教师节 Teachers’ Day

五四青年节 Youth Day

考研英语：写作必备词汇(二)

中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)

锅贴 guotie(fried jiaozi)花卷 steamed twisted rolls

套餐 set meal盒饭 box lunch;Chinese take-away米豆腐 rice tofu魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu

米粉 rice noodles馄饨 wonton

火锅 chafing dish八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝 glass noodles豆腐脑 jellied bean curd冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws(or apples, etc.)

考研英语：写作必备词汇(三)

中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)京九铁路 Beijing –Kowloon Railway中国电信 China Telecom扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project中国移动 China Mobile菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan温饱工程 Decent-Life Project中国电脑联网 Chinanet安居工程 Economy Housing Project三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign希望工程 Project Hope西部大开发 Go-West Campaign

考研英语：写作必备词汇(四)

大陆中国 Mainland Chin铁饭碗 iron rice bowl

红宝书 little red book大锅饭 communal pot

红色中国 socialist China关系户 closely-related units四化 Four Modernizations外出打工人员 migrant workers终生职业 job-for-life

关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild

五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals

四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美)the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment

考研英语：写作必备词汇(五)

基层监督 grass-roots supervision婚纱摄影 bride photo

基础税率 base tariff level黑心棉 shoddy cotton

婚介所 matrimonial agency机器阅卷 machine scorin

婚外恋 extramarital love

即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery

集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development

价格听证会 public price hearings甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team家政服务 household management service

加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion假帐 accounting fraud叫板 challenge;pick a quarrel

矫情 use lame arguments渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence借调 temporarily transfer

扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption

安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents

信息化 information-base ormationization

智力密集型 concentration of brain power knowledge-intensive

外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel三角债 chain debts

素质教育 education for all-round development

豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects社会治安情况 law-and-order situation民族国家 nation state台独 independence of Taiwan台湾当局 Taiwan authorities台湾同胞 Taiwan coMPAtriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。

Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.西部大开发 Development of the West Regions

可持续性发展 sustainable development

风险投资 risk investment通货紧缩 deflation

扩大内需 to expand domestic demand

计算机辅助教学 computer-assisted instruction(CAI)

网络空间 cyberspace网上购物 shopping online

虚拟现实 virtual reality应试教育 exam-oriented education网民 netizen(net citizen)学生减负 to reduce study load电脑犯罪 computer crime总裁助理 assistant president电子商务 the e-business综合治理 comprehensive treatment安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents

信息化 information-based;informationization

智力密集型 concentration of brain power;knowledge-intensive

外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises

下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel下海 plunge into the commercial sea下网 off line

小康之家 well-off family;comfortably-off family

新秀 up-and-coming star, rising star

新新人类 New Human Being;X Generation信息港 info port形象小姐/先生 image representative of a product or a brand

虚拟网 virtual net学生处 students′ affairs division研究生毕业证/学位证 graduate diploma/graudate degree′sdiploma

摇钱树 cash cow以人为本 people oriented;people foremost义务教育 compulsory education易拉罐 pop can

应试教育 examination-oriented education system

考研英语：写作必备词汇(六)

The classification for the commodities

1.frozen food 速冻食品 5.personal-care supplies 个人护理用品

2.dairy products 牛产品6.toys 玩具

3.packaged foods 包装食品7.car-care products 汽车护理用品

4.cleaning supplies 清洁用品8.yard-care products 庭院护理用品

考研英语：写作必备词汇(七)

Different stores

1.Convienience store便利店2.Grocery store小卖部

3.Supermarke超市4.Drug store药店

5.Department store商场6.Discount store打折店

7.Factory outlets厂家直销点8.Specialty shop专卖店

9.Shopping mall/shopping center购物中心

Houshold department

dish 碟子silverware 银器cooking utensils 厨具

pots 壶pans 锅

第三篇：考研英语写作

高分范文展示：

The global economy, who is sleeping over that stretcher, like a helpless-sick wreck, is being practiced emergency treatment by worldwidebanking systems, which are trying their best to save the market intensively by cooperation.Conspicuously, that’s a horrible depiction related to/concerning the the world.the top of the list which should never be overlooked.First of all, , as the case of would make its comeback every 10-30 years on the average, so would this time.Furthermore, the overestimation of economic prosperityhas resulted in a great multitude of foams/bubbles in the securities and the realties.gues, who made use of installment policy to speculate in real estate industry, thus, only spending 30% of totally-needed funds in possessing 3 apartments, with the aggregate price over RMB 2 million.Actually, it is not the Day of Judgment.What we are glad to see is the keyword – “cooperation”and we will surely get through this tough period before long.好句写法：把句子拉长→加修饰：

(1)n.+ who/which/that… 加从句

e.g.Many peopletakeseriously the lifestyle of chasing for luxuries.那些把一个人拥有财产的数量当作评判其社会地位的唯一标准的人们，会很重视追逐奢侈品的生活方式。

(2)n./句子结尾 + v.-ed(en)(被动)/ v.-ing(主动)加分词（定语后置）

e.g.youngsters, ranging from/who range from 20 to 30 years old ranging fromwith研究发现，和十年前的5%相比，现在有近24%的年轻白领表示不清楚自己想要什么。

(3)n.+ with + n.(修饰语)加限定词

e.g.A pretty girl → a girl with an angel-like face and a fairy-like figure

e.g.Nowadays, a lot of riches like buying luxurious autos to show/display their success and existence.当今，很多有钱人喜欢通过买豪车来显示自己的成功和存在。

→These days, withdefined as the typical marks of 句型模仿：

07 阅读text3最后一段：

From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholescale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.* Looks far less like… a good deal more like… 看起来不像是……而更像是……

模仿→05大作文：养老足球赛

From our conscientious and clear-minded perspective, much of this behavior, undoubtedly, looks far less like like a 依据我们的良知，毫无疑问，大多数这种行为并不能提供合理分配赡养老人义务的机会，相反，它更像是一种加剧中华传统美德“尊老爱幼”走向大规模衰败的危险行为

大作文——开头what、中间why/effect、结尾how

What——虚开头（首段首句）

(1)坊间流传多年的所谓经典套话

As can be seen in the picture given above…

→ Asgiven above…

e.g.悲观乐观 man, passion-sufficient and energy-continuous, is climbing upon a ladder to reach to his shining blue print.(2)直接描述

e.g.12002年作文：美国女孩穿着中国传统服饰

There is a beautiful American girl, who is standing over there in a Chinese traditional costume, smiling just like a flower.a Chinese traditional costume.e.g.2 2010年作文：文化“火锅”，既美味又营养

those dishes and cooking ingredients in a Chinese traditional hot-pot, including e.g.2012年作文：悲观乐观 What——[描述+宽泛、宏观的点评]（首段第二句）

It is aa significant information that 主题has been in the spotlight in current society主题 has aroused wide concern at any corner of our social consensus.e.g.家庭成员关系 * 首段第二句和第二段首句应该有一定层次感，首段第二句提出一个观点/现象，第二段首句再将其具体化/细节化，直击中心。

Why/Effect——实开头：（主题句）+ 原因/影响（内部：自身 / 外部：社会、媒体）+ 例子

(1)主题句：

Among the topic concerning主题（抽象）, as the depiction/picture shows, the most cardinal tip is related to the issue of主旨中心思想（具体）.e.g.家庭关系

Among the topic concerning the depiction shows, the most e.g.出国留学人数/考研人数/公务员人数(2)引出原因

Several factors could weigh heavily for the happening of ____, yet, suspended at the top of the list are the following two aspects.To begin with, _____.Additionally, _____.e.g.中国传统文化/美德的缺失(3)引出影响

It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the revolutionary influences(that)the 现象 gives rise

to.To begin with, … Apart from… ,* 表示导致的短语：Contribute to Result in/trigger/induce/spell/invite

* 表示原因：inducement/incentive

e.g.人人考公务员 result in.To begin with, … Apart from … , * Apart from用法：Apart from(mentioned above), …(new information)= Besides, … , Google could owe its success to the brilliance of its founders, Sergey Brin and Larry Page.* 表示归因于：owe/ascribe/attribute… to …

(4)举例子

A good case blowing my mind now is 人/物, who/which …

e.g.慈善/真正的成功

A good case blowing my mind now is a world well-known man, whose name is Bill Gates, industry after his retirement.* 例子不能单独提出，例子前面要有一个论点，或者在例子后面要有一个点评和结论，这样才是一个完整的举例（名人名言也同理）。

How——提出建议（Suggestion）：规则、思想、行为

(1)制定规则：

Lay down/Establish the effective/reliable/available/practical regulations to …呼应主题.（敬老）（保护环境）（留学）

(2)改变思想：

Deliver the moderate 主题词 outlook to guide us both physically and mentally.e.g.Deliver the moderate outlook to guide us both physically and mentally.成功观/生活观/物质观/世界观/知识观/能源观

(3)规范行为：

Exert/Implement/Practice the rational 主题词 manners to live in a much more harmonious/compatible atmosphere/circumstance.circumstance.(4)补充说明方法：名人名言（适用于最后一段提完建议之后）

万能套话：

As a classic saying goes,千里之行，始于足下

应用：提完建议之后

Yet, it is very probable to say without any exaggerationthat depending on the lack of 主题词, many citizens/youths would have immersed in such an extreme condition for a long time.Does it have opportunities for us to make achange ? / Is it possible to make a change? Actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.We will surely handle/optimize/refrain from … as long as the above mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.e.g.养老 Actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.We will surely refrain from as long as the above mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.e.g.奢侈浪费

Yet, it is very probable to say without any exaggeration that depending on the lack time.Does it have opportunities for us to make a change? Actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.We will surely mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.特别讲解：主体段落的展开（第二段）

(1)单向话题：要么褒，要么贬

原因展开：

The factors contributing to… are vastly complex.Some attribute it to ….Others place the blame on / Others place the high value on ….Still the rest complain of/ attach importance to …

e.g.为什么很多年轻人最终会抽烟

The factors contributing to a big rise in are vastly complex.Some attribute it to(2)双向话题

e.g.中国传统风俗习惯的改变是好还是坏

According to my humble perspective, every sword is double-edged.is both positive and negative.To begin with, it goes without denying that the new-changed customs and habits have distinct advantages.On one hand, they On the other hand, they eliminate “culture gap” to Although / Whilebidding farewell to the bygones enjoys considerable merits, it still have their own drawbacks when the following point is taken into account.A good case coming to my mind now isof the Chinese virtues – raising seniors.After all, * 举例子的时候，要实现从手段到效果的跨越（我们要怎么做来达到什么效果）

小作文——Simplified（简明扼要）字数：100-120

* 大作文的套话和模板不能用在小作文中！

* 小作文写作时必须覆盖每个题目要求的要点

(1)Letter——邮件、信件：生活化/接地气

a)邀请信

学术邀请（充满敬意）：

开头：正式邀请（含参会时间和主题）

主体：介绍会议安排

结尾：希望得到正式回复，并确认

Dear Professor ___,It is my great honor to extend you our sincere invitation of an academic forum held on 具体时间 in/at 地点,which focuses on the topic of主题

The forum mentioned above will be arranged as followings.Firstly at 8 a.m.will start the 主题involves.Afterwards, there will be another arrangement, including ___.Then at around 时间, 另一个安排.I really hope you can make it.If it is possible, I would like to ask you for sending me your bank

account, and I’ll pay you 40 percent of the total lecture fees as the deposit.最后期限.落款

范文：

Dear Professor Liu,It is my great honor to extend you my sincere invitation of an academic forum held on Jan.1 in The Nation’s Theatre, which focuses on the topic of Chinese traditional culture.The forum mentioned above will be arranged as followings.Firstly at 8 a.m.will start the opening of the forum, which involves a brief presentation with regard to the prospects as well as plights thatthe promotion of Chinese culture may encounter.Afterwards, there will be another arrangement concerning a micro-movie of the cultural relic exhibition, which will last 15 minutes.Then at 9 to 11 o’clock, you would be highly expected to present us a lecture named “World Needs China”.I really hope you can make it.If it is possible, I would like to ask you for sending me your bank account, and I’ll pay you 40 percent of the total lecture fees as the deposit.Reply, if you please before next weekend.Li Ming,The Supervisor of XXX

b)申请信

学校组织社团评优，要写申请。你是学校创新社（Innovation Agency）的负责人，请你代表你们社参与评优，写一封申请信。

范文：

Dear Sir or Madame,Innovation Agency – “Most Improved Organization Award”.private tools’ rebuilding the living.building to make it accessible/easy to wheelchairs..Yours faithfully,Li Ming

c)回复投诉信（对别人投诉的回复和安抚）：承担责任，尝试挽回

有人投诉你负责的勤工助学中心某学生表现糟糕，部分原文：

I will not use your temporary staff any more for their disastrous performance.范文：

Dear Sir,temporary administration assistant you received from my organization,.We really care about our clients and that is why we will try to give some explanation about what happened.candidate training.work for you.Yours faithfully,Li Mingd)销售信（空格处填入产品名）

Last year, we achieved a 215% increase in the sales of our ______.We believe that this happy state of affairs be attributed to two causes.First, we managed to avoid passing on any part of our increased manufacturing costs to our majestic clients.Second, we believe our designs and colors are the most attractive that we have ever produced.And so we are happy to be able to tell you that our new season’s ____ are, if anything, more persuasive than last year’s and our prices will compare very favorably with those of any of our competitors.We believe that your will agree that our samples prove the truth of our claims.We look forward for you to favor us an order.e)现场笔录证明

You’ve come across a serious crash last night when a taxi heavily knocked down a passerby.Now the police asked you to offer a certificate of witness involving following points:

1.The time and place

2.The process of this emergency

Witness on a Crash

It was 时间 in a 星期 night, 日期, when I was about to enjoy my late snack a first aid to the young and phoned ambulance at once.Signature:Li Ming

(2)Notice——通知、告示

a)失物招领（Lost and Found）：信息要有所保留，不能全部透露

Case: You’ve picked up an ED（电子辞典）

1.Time and place

2.The feature of this electronic dictionary（留一个最大特征来核实对方身份）

3.Your information for contact

Lost and Found

On the evening of 日期regular magazine.of this ED the phone number Sincerely yours,Li Ming

第四篇：2013考研英语写作

应用文

满分策略：

3.1信函写作：称呼、正文、落款 第一步：审题—判断是个人书信&事务公函

决定：

语域使用：正式:使用礼貌表达,不用缩略语（对公）

半正式: 可以使用缩略和口语表达（对私）

非正式:（一般不考）——It depends 呼语: 特定的写信对象：Dear XX;不明确收信人：Dear Sir/Madam, or To Whom It May Concern，3.1.2正文 三段（8句）：写作目的段、细化段、感谢或者期待。各种信函内容安排

建议信：2007年及2009年Part A真题及解析： 基本结构：

Dear„/To Whom It May Concern, 第一段：写信目的，自我介绍,赞扬在先,仍需改进。第二段：建议细节。

第三段：期望改进,表示感谢。

Yours sincerely，Li Ming 2007年Part A 真题及解析（建议信）：

Directions: Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.To Whom It May Concern, I am a student in this university who regularly comes to the library to spend my spare time.Generally speaking, the services you offer here are quite good;however, I have some suggestions for you to adopt.And I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration.To begin with, will you please prolong the time for reading? In the daytime, most of the students are having classes, so they can’t come to the library.Moreover, some of the books on shelves are out of date.If you are so kind as to provide us some books such as the latest magazines, we will be very pleased.I really wish to have a more comfortable library.Thank you for your time and consideration.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

建议信框架：

Dear XX/To Whom It May Concern, I am xxx who„.Generally speaking, the services you offer here are quite good;however, I have some suggestions for you to adopt.To begin with,„建议一； Moreover, „建议二。

Thank you for your time and consideration.And I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 投诉信

与投诉信比较：仍然以提建议为主,无需赞扬,直接表明写信目的—即提建议,最后无需感谢,只需表示期待改进。

基本结构：

第一段： 自我介绍，陈述事由，提出建议。

第二段：投诉细节（补救细节）。第三段：期待改进。投诉信框架：

Dear XX/To Whom It May Concern, I am xxx who„.I am writing to express my dissatisfaction/disappointment about„（投诉信）。具体事由。To improve the situation, it is advisable for you to take the following measures。

To begin with,„细节一； Moreover, „细节二。

We trust that you will now consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of this kind

Yours sincerely, Li Ming 致歉信：2008PartA真题及解析 基本结构和常用句型：

Dear„, 第一段：表明写信目的：道歉，阐述道歉原因, 第二段：提出解决方法。

第三段：再次道歉。

Sincerely yours, Li Ming 2008 Part A 真题及解析（致歉信）： Directions: You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there.Write him a letter to 1)make an apology, and 2)suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the den of the letter.Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.解析

Dear Bob, I am writing to express my apology to you.Several days ago, I borrowed your music CD when I lived in your house.Unfortunately, after I came back from Canada, I found it in my luggage.Was in such a hurry that I forgot to return it to you.I will send it to you by post of expose as soon as possible.If necessary, I will compensate for any troubles it may cause.Once again, I feel so sorry for any inconvenience caused.Please accept my apologies.Sincerely yours, Li Ming 道歉信框架： Dear xx, I am writing to apologize to you for my failing to „.道歉理由。

Excuse me for my carelessness in making such a mess.To make up for the inconvenience caused, I would like to...补偿一。补偿二。

Once again, I feel so sorry for any inconvenience caused.Please accept my apologies.Sincerely yours, Li Ming

辞职信：2005年Part A真题及解析（辞职信）： 基本结构： Dear„，Yours sincerely, Li Ming 2005年part a 真题及解析（辞职信）： Directions: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine design and fashion.but now you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss, Mr.Wang, Telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address.Dear Mr.Wang, I am writing this letter to apologize that I will quit the position as an editor of your magazine for the reason of myself.Two months ago, I was accepted by the design and fashions as a member of it.I was deeply impressed by the kindness, diligence of all staff members around me.But during the span of working here, I have come to realize that the job probably is not suitable for me because I want a more peaceful life, such as a teacher.And you know that I am not an outgoing girl.I find that I am not able to devote all my efforts to a job which I do not really like.So I am awfully sorry to tell you my decision to quit.Please accept my apology.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 辞职信框架 Dear XX，Yours sincerely, Li Ming

慰问信： 基本结构： Dear„，Yours sincerely, Li Ming 范文解析： Dear Li Gang, I was really shocked and saddened to hear of your unhappy experience in the earthquake.There is little that anyone can say or do at a time like this to ease your grief, but I would express my deepest sympathy.In the next day or so you will receive a little package from me.I hope you like it, and that it will be useful at your present moment.What’s more, please don’t hesitate to contact me if there is anything else I can do now and always.I do hope you will soon get well again and be able to come back to school.Be assured of my availability and eagerness to help in any way I can.Yours sincerely，Li Ming 慰问信框架 Dear XX，Yours sincerely, Li Ming

Dear XX，Yours sincerely, Li Ming Li Ming 祝贺信： 基本结构： Dear„，Yours sincerely, Li Ming

范文解析：

Dear Zhang Jian, I am just as proud as you can be of you and send my sincerest congratulations on your admission to Beijing University as a postgraduate.During the past four years, you kept improving and devoted yourself into your major study.I am delighted that the four years of your study has been rewarded in this way.It is obvious that you will have a promising future in front of you.Congratulations again.I wish you will make great achievement in you future study and life.I am looking forward to hearing more good news in your studies and research work.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

祝贺信框架

Dear XX, I am just as proud as you can be of you and send my sincerest congratulations on„.During the past four years, you kept improving and devoted yourself into„.I am delighted that the four years of your effort has been rewarded in this way.It is obvious that you will have a promising future in front of you.Congratulations again.I wish you will make great achievement in you future study and life.I am looking forward to hearing more good news in your studies and research work.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 邀请信：

a)基本结构：

Dear„, Yours sincerely, Li Ming 范文解析：

Dear Professor Wang, It is my honor to inform you that there is a “Culture Festival” held in mu school.Would you like to give us an excellent lecture on Psychology in the auditorium of our campus at 6:30 P.M., Sept.13th? Since psychology has caused more and more concerns among the students, and you are an expert in the area, we all expect your acceptance and your wonderful lecture.I very much hope that you will accept the invitation.And I am looking forward to hearing back from you.Yours sincerely, Li Ming b)常用句型：

We are having a farewell party/a gather together/meeting/seminar in(place)on(date)at(time).Would you like to come?(不太正式)

It is my honor to inform you that there is an academic meeting in(place)on(date)at(time).We would be too glad to invite you as„(正式)

I very much hope that you will accept the invitation.And I am looking forward to hearing back from you.感谢信：（重要）

基本结构 Dear„，Yours sincerely, Li Ming

范文解析： Dear Jim, I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude.I am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi.If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid, I fear that the Consequences might have been much more serious.Everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome.Although nowadays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish, we see very few people practice what they preach.If there were more people like you, this world would be a much nicer place.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 感谢信框架（重要）

Dear Jim，Yours sincerely, Li Ming 申请信:2006年Part A 真题及解析（申请信&请求信：工作，求学，奖学金）基本结构和常用句型： Dear„, 告知信息来源及写信目的

突出重点的自我介绍（专业，学习成绩，英语水平，学习能力，性格及合作精神）, 附简历, 表示感谢。

Yours sincerely，Li Ming

申请信:其他

2006年Part A真题及解析（申请信&请求信）Directions：

You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area.Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate.You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.（10points）解析：

To Whom It May Concern, I am writing this letter to you to ask if there is a child in need of financial sponsorship through the Hope Foundation。

I am willing to give financial aid to those children who have not had a chance to receive education in poverty-stricken area.I would like to help two kinds of children：first ,those who do not have a stable source which can cover their education fees, and second, those whose academic performance in school is excellent.I have decided to commit myself to save the necessary financial aid required to accomplish my goal.I have not doubt(There is not doubt)that I meet the criteria required for a sponsor and look forward to hearing from you.Yours sincerely，Li Ming

常用句型：

I learnt from the newspaper that you want an accountant and I would like to apply for the job I am writing to apply for Enclosed is my resume to provide additional information about my undergraduate work.I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss further how my qualifications meet the needs of your organization.Thank you for your time and consideration.推荐信

框架

第一段：写信目的，指出写信人和被推荐人的关系，第二段：推荐原因（品质，能力，性格等）：多写优点肯定成绩。

第三段：总结说明被推荐人值得被推荐（例如能胜任某项工作）。范文

Dear sir/ Madam, It is with great pleasure that I recommend to you Zhang Jian, an outstanding graduate majoring in Business Administration.I have been in charge of Mr.Zhang’s class since they were freshmen, so I know his well.He is courteous, sincere and hardworking.He took several courses in computer science, which strengthened his administration ability.And his excellent communication ability and a good command of English add a lot to his managerial skills.I believe Zhang Jian is the right person for the position as an administrator in your company.I recommend him without reservation and believe you will find him a helpful and responsible staff member.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

询问信：考研英语大纲样题应用文部分（询问信）：

基本结构和常用句型：

Dear „, 自我介绍,表明写信目的是咨询某事。

询问细节。

感谢及相关信息。

Yours sincerely, Li Ming 常用句型：

27.I am writing this letter to inquire about „ 28.I want to/would like to know „ 29.I wonder if „

30.Would it be possible for you to „? 31.How should I pay for these books?—by cash or by other means? 32.Finally, if I order these books now, when can I get them? How will these books be delivered to my house? 33.I should be grateful if you could give me an early reply.3.2 备忘录/告示类应用文写作（Memorandum/Notice）

告示类

标题居中—notice/announcement 日期---标题下一行右侧（Jan.7, 2012）

正文：

第一段 通知目的

第二段 具体信息

第三段 联系方式、表示欢迎 范文分析

Announcement

Jan.7, 2012 In order to improve students’ ability, the Postgraduate Association is recruiting volunteers for a conference about globalization which will be held in the coming May.To begin with, the volunteers are requested to speak English fluently and are expected to be active and open-minded.Furthermore, the volunteers will be trained for 5 days and therefore the senior students with more free time are preferred.Anyone who is interested with it please contact us, and send your resume to the email address: 123456@163.com

Postgraduate Association memo基本结构： TO: FROM: SUBJECT: DATE:（month day,year）

正文

签名 模拟题及范文： Directions: You are an active member of the student newspaper.The newspaper is currently looking for journalists for the summer semester.Write a memo that will appear in the newspaper next week describing the position available.Date: August 10,2005 To: All students From: Li Ming

3.3 摘要写作（Abstract）

This article focuses on the „.This thesis discuss/analyzes„.This paper provides an overview of „

This paper presents up-to-date information on „

第五篇：考研英语写作

1.图画作文

It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about _______(图画主题)，which is ______________(进一步的说明)。He seems to be saying that_______________(给出细节)。In my opinion，___________(个人阐述)。

This simple picture is a wake up call for ______(所涉群体，如the whole of the human race)。Therefore，it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to put an end to _____________(问题所在)。One the one hand，we must _________________(建议一)。It is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _________(进一步说明)。On the other hand，________________(建议二)Only in this way can we___________(展望前景)。

2.图表作文

The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(图表主题)。The first thing we notice is that_______________(图表最大特点)。This means that as __________，_________________(进一步说明)。

We can see from the statistics given that _______________(图表细节一)。After ving_________(细节一中的第一个变化)，the _____Ved+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化)。The figures also tells us that_________________________(图表细节二)。(数据位置，如In the second column)，we can see that ____________accounts for _______(进一步描述)。

Judging from these figures，we can draw the conclusion that___________(结论)。The reason for this，as far as I am concerned is that_____________(给出原因)。/ It is high time that we Ved(发出倡议)

各位可爱的同学：

考题为应用文写作，所以要注意：

1.条理清楚，按照下列老师所列每种应用文的格式把内容写完整。

2.可以先用中文把提纲要求包含的信息都写下来，再翻译成英语。这样可以确保不会把应该包括的信息漏掉。

3.不要写错误的单词，宁可用简单易懂的单词代替，注意卷面清洁和工整。预祝大家都考上心仪的学校，制定好复习计划，按部就班，调整好心态好好复习，你的心愿一定能实现，人生该吃苦该拼搏时就要拼搏！各位加油！

一． 祝贺信(Letter of Congratulations)：

祝贺信的写作与普通信件没有什么大区别，但应注意：

1．必须包括对收信人的称谓。

2．必须包括对收信人的祝贺。

3．必须包括写信人的姓名。

4．措词真诚、轻松愉快，切忌言过其实。

Sample:

Dear Guojun，I heard that you graduated with high honors from Southeast University last month.I know that all your family must be very proud of you, and as your friend, I feel the same.I wish you greater and more brilliant success in your studies and work in the future.With best wishes.Yours sincerely，Qi Zi

常用祝贺信用语

1．Warm congratulations on your success in passing the entrance examination to … university.热烈祝贺你考上了……大学。

2．Please accept our sincere wishes for your…

请接受我们对您……的衷心祝愿。

3．I extend my best wishes for your success.衷心祝愿你成功。

4．May each new year bring you new hope.愿每个新年都给您带来新的希望。

二、道歉信(Letter of Apology)

Sample:

May 5

Dear Carole，I am very sorry that I missed your phone call yesterday.I shall be at home tomorrow morning.Would you please call me again?

Sincerely yours，Lisa

道歉信常用语句

1．Please accept my sincere apologies.请接受我们诚挚的道歉。

2．Please accept my sincere apologies for the lateness of my birthday greetings.3．

I am sorry I missed your …

对不起，我错过了你的……

4．I’ve to offer you an apology for not coming to your party.未能参加你的庆祝会，我得向你道歉。

5．Please accept my sincere apologies for…

请接受我对……诚挚的歉意。

Ex.就下述内容写一封道歉信：

你的一位朋友昨天来看望你，你正巧外出未遇，对此你写信表示歉意，并约他明天再过来。

May 5

Dear Tom，I am very sorry that I was out when you called on me yesterday.Could you come again tomorrow evening as I have something important to discuss with you?

Sincerely yours，Lisa 更多例子：

1.因未能践约赴宴致歉 Unable to keep one’s promise

Dear [Miss Nancy]，Much to my regret I was unable to keep my promise to attend your [birthday] party [last Saturday], owing to the fact that my [little son] was suddenly taken ill early [that day].Hoping to see you soon.Truly yours，亲爱的[南希小姐]：

[小儿][上周六]突然生病，因此未能应约赴[生日]宴，殊觉抱歉，希原谅，再见。

祝好！

2.因迟复来信致歉 Because of answering one’s letter late

Dear [David]:

I am afraid that you will think me unpardonably negligent in not having answered your letter dated [7, December] sooner, but when I have told you the reason, I trust you will be convinced that the neglect was excusable.When your letter arrived, I was just in [Hong Kong].As my family could not forward it to me during my absence, it has been, therefore, lying on my desk until the moment when I took it up.Now the first thing I have to hasten to do is to write to you these few lines to express my deep regret.I enjoyed many pleasant sights during my trip.I shall be pleased to give you an account to of them when I see you next.Yours，亲爱的[戴维]：

请原谅我收到您[12月7日]的来信后迟迟未复，现将原因告诉您，相信您一定会谅解的。您的来信到来时，我正巧在[香港]，家人无法及时转递。你的信一直放在我写字台上，直到我回到才看见，拖至今天才回信，深表歉意。

这次出去旅行饱览了许多美丽景色，下次见到您时，将告诉您一切。

祝好！

3.因未能及时还书致歉 Unable to return borrowed book on time

Dear [Kate]:

Excuse me for my long delaying in returning to you your “Robinson Crusoe” which I read through with great interest.I had finished reading the book and was about to return it when [my cousin] came to see me.Never having seen the book, [She] was so interested in it that I had to retain it longer.However, I hope that in view of the additional delight thus afforded by your book, you will overlook my negligence in not returning it sooner.Thanking you again for the loan.Sincerely yours，亲爱的[凯特]：

我迟迟未能归还您的那本《鲁滨逊飘流记》，请原谅。该书我读得津津有味。读完后，正预备归还您时，我的[表妹]来访，见这本书也感兴趣，定要借去一读。为了让别人也能分享您那本书所给予的乐趣，我不能及时归还。我想再延迟些日子奉还，谅您不会介意的。

再次感谢您的慷慨。

祝好！

4.因遗失借书致歉 Because of losing a borrowed book

Dear [Frank]:

I am terribly sorry to tell you that I have lost the valuable book you were so kind to lend me [last week].I read it [everyday] and intended to finish it [next month].[Last night] when I came to my room, it was nowhere to be found.I will try to recover it as soon as possible.If I fail to find it, I will get a new book for you.But I am afraid it can never take the place of the old one.Old books are like old friends.Once lost, they can never be replaced.They are connected with cherished associations which the new ones can never have.And for this irrecoverable loss, I am to blame.I was so careless with my things.This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future.Yours truly，亲爱的[弗兰克]：

很抱歉，[上星期]您借给我的那本书竟遗失了。我[每天]都在看，准备[下个月]看完。[昨晚]我回到我的卧室，到处也找不到那本书。我将尽力找到它。万一找不到，我只好买一本新的还您。

但是，新书恐怕不能代替那本旧书吧！旧书跟旧友一样，一旦失去就不能再得。旧书与往事相连，这种不可弥补的损失，皆由我起。我对待一切太大意了，这次给我一个警告，叫我以后要小心。

三、慰问信

慰问信应写得真切，注意措辞，对轻病或者小损失，慰问信应写得轻松一些。相反，对严重病情或重大损失，信就应该写得深沉一些。慰问信写时应注意：

1.写给受伤人的信要简短，中肯。信中不必问询事故发生的过程、原因、见证人等。

2.慰问信中应写一些被慰问者喜欢或熟悉的事物，如病人的爱好、兴趣等，以使病人得到宽慰。

1.向朋友问候 A letter of inquiring after someone’s health

Dear [John]:

I am extremely sorry to hear that your illness, which we had thought was clearing up, has become more serious, and that your have had to go into hospital.Let us hope that it will be for only a very short time, and that you will soon be out and about again.Everybody here sends his best wishes to you for a quick recovery.With kind regards，Yours sincerely，亲爱的[约翰]：

听说你病了，我深感不安。原来我们还以为您的病情有所好转，事实上却反而加重，而不得不住进了医院。但愿这是短时间的，很快不会恢复健康。这里每个人都祝愿您早日痊愈。

特此问候

2.问候朋友的母亲 Inquiring after the health of a friend’s mother

Dear [Mr.Wang]，I felt very sorry indeed when I heard of [your mother]’s illness, and am anxious to know how [she] is of late.Under a separate cover I am sending [her a box of assorted biscuits] with my best regards.Sincerely yours 亲爱的[王先生]：

听说您的母亲身体欠安，深表忧虑。不知令堂近况如何，实为惦念。随信另寄上[什锦饼干一盒]，并致以最良好的问候。

您忠诚的

[吴洋]

3.祝贺朋友病愈 Congratulations on someone’s recovery

Dear [Jane]:

I learn, with very great pleasure, that the illness which has so cruelly caused great anxiety among your relatives and all those who know you has changed for the better and that you are now recovering, for which I therefore desire to congratulate you warmly.I hope that you will soon be completely restored to health.Yours sincerely

亲爱的[简]：

在您患病的这一期间内，亲戚朋友无不为你挂虑，听到你的病已有好转，并已逐渐痊愈，十分快慰，特地向你祝贺。

望你早日完全痊愈。

4.慰问丧偶的朋友 A letter of inquiring to those who lost their husband or wife

Dear [Mrs.Harper]，I would like to express my sorrow at the recent death of your [husband].In the long time it was my privilege to enjoy [Professor of Harper]’s friendship.I found [him] a sincere and helpful associate, with whom it was a pleasure [to work].The knowledge that my thoughts are with you at his time will, I hope, be of some comfort to you.Truly yours

亲爱的[哈珀女士]：

获悉你的[丈夫]最近逝世的消息，深表遗憾。

长期以来，能与[哈珀教授]保持友谊是我的荣幸。[哈珀教授]是一位我最乐于与其一道[工作]的忠实而有帮助的朋友。

但愿我此时的问候，能给您带来一些安慰。

四、传真

传真是通过传真机传递的信函，大多为业务信函。企事业单位都有专用的传真纸，纸上面印有现成的传真格式，拟发传真时按格式填写即可。下面为一种常见的传真格式：

发传真人单位名称、地址=电话和传真号码、电子邮件网址

TO:(收传真人单位)

DATE(发送传真日期)

ATTN:(Attention, 收传真部门或个人姓名)

FAX NO:(传真号)

FROM：(发传真部门或个人姓名)

PAGE(S):(所发传真页数)

RE:(Regarding, 传真内容标题)

(传真信函)：

称呼语：

信体：

客套结语：

署名：

五、请求信

Example 1.1903 Huashan Road

Shanghai 200030 July 8, 1995

Dear Sirs，I wish to enroll your intensive English program before I attend a university in the fall of 1996.Your sending me application materials at your earliest convenience will be greatly appreciated.Sincerely yours，Wang Xiaoping

Example 2.Wang Xiaoping

1903 Huashan Road

Shanghai 200030

July 6,1998

Dear Sirs，I want to pursue a Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering at your university.My intended date of entrance is Spring, 1999.Would you please send me the application forms for admission?

Sincerely yours

Wang Xiaoping

六、布告(Announcement)：布告的写作和便条一样，也比较简单。只要注意以下几点即可：

1．在正文上方的中间位置应该注明布告的性质。2．

正文中简单明了地说明布告的事宜。3．

正文右下方应该注明发布告的单位。4．

发布告的日期可以省略。Sample:

Lost and Found A lady has picked a wrist watch in the shopping center and turned it over to our office.The owner of the wrist watch may come to claim it with his or her identification card.Lost and Found Office

七、(Notice)：英文通知的写作也可采用不同形式。有的是采用句子的形式予以陈述，而有的则只做以简单的罗列。一般应注意以下几点： 1．必须包括notice字样，而且每个字母都应采用大写。

2．内容必须包括时间、地点、事宜和通知对象等。表达须准确，措词也要较正式。

3．必须包括写通知的个人或者单位的称谓，而且一般都放在通知的右下脚。

4．必须包括写通知的日期。

Sample:

NOTICE

May 4, 2003 Mr.Wang, the general manager of Shanghai Golden Palm Computer System Limited Company, will give a lecture on Modern Information Management Model at 6:30 p.m.on March 12.The one-and-a-half-hour lecture will be held in the Multi-media Lecture Room.Students of Information Management are invited to attend the lecture.Information Management Department

Example 拟一张请计算机系的学生于10月5号星期三下午1：30到系会议室听关于环境保护报告的通知。

NOTICE

Oct.2, 2004 All students of the Computer Department are requested to meet in the department conference room at 1:30 p.m.on Wednesday, October5, to hear a report on environmental protection.The Computer Department Office

八．便条 基本写作格式

便条内容和类型不尽相同，可以灵活变通。但各类便条必须包括以下几个基本要素；1）Date：便条日期2）Salutation：称呼3）Body：正文4）Signature：署名

样例

收条：即收到钱物之后，给交钱或送物人写张字据，说明已经收到某物，可留作证据。条据上需写明钱物名称和数量、立据人及日期。不得涂改。

Jan.23rd,2003Received from Student, Wang Zihao one hundred yuan only for this months tuition fee.Li ManFor the Finance Office ofForeign Language Institute

欠条；留下字据，表示欠某人某物。条据上需写明钱物名称和数量、立据人及日期。不得涂改。

Sept.16th, 2002Borrowed from the Foreign Language Department Reference Library three books as follows:A copy of History and Anthology of English Literature by Wu WeirenA copy of A Survey of American Literature by Chang YaoxinA copy of World Literature by Jiang Chengen

Wu Zhuo

For the Office of

Social Science Department

留言：用书面留下要说的话。留言涉及的方面很多，包括约会，通知，请求等任何可用便条留下的口信。

TuesdayDear Li,As the Spring Festival is drawing near, Im very glad to invite you to come to a dinner party with several other friends of ours.Im sure we will have a very happy time and enjoy ourselves thoroughly.Would you like to come on time at 5:00 p.m.today, to Room 6 of Lijing Hotel?

Yours always, Jiayang

请假条：往往指由于生病或特殊情况不能亲自当面请假，用假条的形式告假。所以，请假条大多是病假条。可以自写，也可请他人代写。写假条最重要的是说明原因和请假的期限。

Jan.10thDear Ms.Jiang,I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this mornings two periods of English Class due to a bad cold and high fever.Enclosed is a certificate from the doctor who said I must stay in bed for a few days.I will go back to school as soon as I recover.Yours respectfully,Tian Ye

常用句子I shall feel obliged if you will favor me with a call at your earliest convenience.如您方便，请早日来电，我将不胜感激。

Delighted!Will call at 2 p.m.tomorrow.来条收悉，定于明天下午两点拜访。

Encl.: Doctors Certificate of Advice.附；医生证明I shall be bery happy to call at your house at 6:30 this everying.Until then,...我定于今晚6：30去你家，望等候。

Upon receiving this note, please come to my office.见条后，请立即来我办公室。

Mr.Li stands in urgent need of your service.李先生急需你的帮助。

I happen to be in urgent need of 200 yuan.我因有急事，需要200元。

Yours note with an admission ticket enclosed is much appreciated.留言和一张入场券均已收到，不胜感激。

Im very grateful to you for your kind invitation, and Im sure to come to see your concert.承蒙邀请观看你们的音乐会，我一定按时到场。

Please accept this little figt as a small token of my esteen for you.奉上这小小的礼物，以表达我对您的崇高敬意。

结束语I trust my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience.望我的缺席不会给你带来太大的不便。

Please favor me with an early reply.敬请早复。

Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.希望能及早处理此事。

Please give an extension of leave for three days.请准予续假三天为盼。

九、简历(resume)简 历 1 结构要点: 简历是个人经历的书面表达形式，应包含个人信息、教育背景和工作经历。有时还可包含事业目标（objective或career objective）、其他经历（activities）、获奖情况（awards）和特长（special skills）等。举例：Suppose you are going to graduate from the university.Write a resume in about 100 words to apply for a job.Do not use your own name, using “Li Mei” instead.Sample:

RESUME Personal Data: Name:Li Mei Sex:Female Address: Room 602, Dormitory Building 12,Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, 430021 Date of Birth:June 16, 1983 Place of Birth:Zunyi, Guizhou Telephone:(027)87273548, *** Email:angellimei@gmail.com Hobbies:painting, reading, Internet surfing, dancing Foreign Languages:English Objective: To work as a regional sales representative who is responsible for sales activity and coordination Education:

2002 ~ Present Studying at Wuhan University Bachelor of Arts in finance 1999 ~ 2002 Studying at Zunyi No.1 High School 1996 ~ 1999 Studying at Zunyi No.7 Junior High School Work Experience: None Special Skills and Technical Qualifications:

I am professionally trained in finance and economics.In addition to Mandarin, I can speak, write and read English fluently.I had two parttime jobs in Taiping Company and Zhida company, which helped me gain some sales operation knowledge and sales plan-ning experience

简 历

语言注意点: 简历忌过长或用词空泛，提供的信息应有用、如实，编排须整齐有系统。

举例：Suppose you are Tan Wen, English teacher at Taiyuan Institute of Technology.Write a resume in about 100 words to apply for a new job in another city.Sample: Tan Wen Taiyuan Institute of Technology Taiyuan, Shanxi Province telephone:(0351)6523787 Experience 2000 ~ Present Working as a lecturer of English at Taiyuan Institute of Technology Teaching undergraduate(nonEnglish majors)intensive reading, extensive reading, listening, writing Teaching graduate(nonEnglish majors)writing Education 1997 ~ 2000 Studying at Shanghai Teacher's University Master of Arts in American Studies 1993 ~ 1997 Studying at Shanxi University Bachelor of Arts in English Language and Literature 1990 ~ 1993 Studying at Mianyang Senior High School 1987 ~ 1990 Studying at Mianyang No.5 Junior High School Personal Data Sex: Female Date of Birth: June 27, 1976 place of Birth: Mianyang, Sichuan, China Marital Status: Married, without Child Health: Excellent

十、申请信

结构要点申请信是向收信人提出某个请求的信件，包含三个部分： 1． 提出请求； 2． 说明原因； 3． 请求回复并表示感谢。

举例：Write a letter in about 100 words to apply for a scholarship from a foreign university.Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.Dear Sir, I wish to apply for admission to your department as a graduate student.I am writing to ask whether it will be possible for you to grant me a full scholarship.I have just graduated from Shanghai University of Finance and Economics and got my bachelors degree last month.During my four years in the university, I have passed all the compulsory courses of study with high marks.Furthermore, I have chosen a wide range of optional courses such as literary, history and public speaking to widen my horizon and sharpen my mind.My father, a professor of English in Nanjing University, has been teaching me English since I was a child.So I believe I will not have any language difficulties while learning in your country.I would be most grateful if my request receives your favorable consideration.Thank you in advance and look forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 语言注意点申请信开篇应点明主题，语言简练。接着说明做此申请的原因，即自己所具备的申请条件，这一部分需重点明确，论述充分。最后请求回复并表示感谢时，应采用礼貌、诚恳的措辞。

举例：Write a letter in about 100 words to apply for a membership in a community service team.Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.Dear Sir, I have heard that a service team which aims to help the old and the handicapped will be organized in our community.I am very interested in it and want to join the team.I now study in Tongji University and my parents live here.It is known to all that it is a virtue to help others in need.As a college student, I am eager to do something for the society.Helping others is meaningful in that we not only bring others convenience and strength but also gain pleasure and satisfaction ourselves.Therefore, please allow me to join the team.I will certainly try my best.Yours sincerely, Li Ming