初中英语阅读理解主旨大意题

第一篇：初中英语阅读理解主旨大意题

(1)“You're just in time, Joe.We're going to play cowboys（牛仔）and Indians, and you can be the Indians.” One of my cousins（堂兄弟）said.“How many Indians?” I asked.“Oh, about a thousand.” He answered, and before I could say no，I was pushed out into the night and became a thousand Indians.Two minutes later I was running in the fields with a group of cowboys behind.The shouts of “After them.Let's catch the killers!” and other such TV play language came into my ears as I ran round a corner and hurried into my Grandpa's car． “We've got him, boys.Let's go and catch him!”

But no one wanted to come to get me.All of my cousins except one were always very friendly with.It was quiet outside.And I went out of the car to have a look.Just then I heard a shout , “Bring the rope（绳子）, and we can burn him.”

“Only Indians burn people.Cowboys.” I stopped just in time.I had almost said, “Cowboys hang（绞死）people.”

I was tied to a tree, and the cowboys were looking for some wood when my dear mother called, “We're leaving now.”

“Untie me.” I shouted.”We're going.“Why did Bobby want matches（火柴）?” Mum asked when we were in the car.“He was asking Dad whether he had any.”

“oh, he was just going t matches? MATCHES? Are you sure he wanted matches” Mother was quite sure, and I didn't say any more.1．How many children played the Indians? [ ]

A．One thousand

B．One hundred

C．One group

D．One 2．Why did Joe's cousin say that Joe was just in time? Because______.[ ]

A．there were not enough children four the game

B．the game was just going to start

C．none of his cousins wanted to be the Indians

D．they were waiting for Joe 3．Joe didn't say “Cowbays hang people.” Because______.[ ]

A．he was tied to a tree

B．that would make things worse

C．he was caught by the cowboys

D．that would make the cowboys angry 4．Which of the following is TRUE? [ ]

A．One of Joe's cousins was looking for matches.B．Dad didn't want to give the children any matches.C．Bobby wanted to get some matches from his father.D．Mum didn't think children should play with matches.5．The name of the story should he“______.” [ ]

A．Joe and his cousins

B．Who knows what danger is waiting there

C．Cowboys and Indians is a favourite children's game

D．How cowboys and Indians fought in the past DCBAB(2)In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience(经历)four seasons in one day.In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring.An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard.The weather gets a little cold.In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day.In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer.So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they should take warm clothes.When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella(伞)or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them.If you don't take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret(后悔)later in the day.1.Why do people in England often talk about the weather? A.Because they may have four seasons in one day B.Because they often have very good weather C.Because the weather is warm just like in spring D.Because the sky is sunny all day 2.From the story we know that when _________come, there is a heavy rain.A.sunshine and snow

B.black clouds C.summer and winter

D.spring and autumn 3.“People can also have summer in winter.” Means “it is sometimes too ______in winter.” A.warm

B.cool

C.cold

D.rainy 4.In the sunny morning some English people usually take a raincoat or an umbrella with them because ________.A.their friends ask them to do so

B.it often rains in England C.they are going to sell them

D.they are their favourite things 5.The best title(标题)for this passage is ________.A.Bad Seasons

B.Summer or Winter C.The Weather in England

D.Strange English People KEY: ABABC(3)To find out whether bees（蜜蜂）can see colours, the following experiment is made.A round table is put in a garden, and on the table is a piece of blue cardboard（硬纸版）with a drop of syrup（糖浆）on it.After a short time, bees come to the syrup.The bees then fly to their hive（蜂房）and give the syrup to other bees in the hive.Then they return to the feeding-place which they have found.After a while, the blue cardboard with the syrup on it is taken away.Instead of this card, a blue card is now put on the left side of the first feeding-place and a red card to its right.These new cards have no syrup on them.Very soon bees arrive again, and fly straight to the blue card.None go to the red card.Picture 1 1.How many cards do you need to prepare for the experiment? A.Two: one blue and one red

B.Three: two blue and one red C.Three: one blue and two red

D.Four: two blue and two red 2.If Picture 1 below shows the table top during Step 1 of the experiment, which of A, B, C, D in Picture 2 shows the table top during Step 2? Picture 2 3.During Step 2 of the experiment, the bees go to ________.A.the blue card with syrup on it

B.the new blue card with no syrup on it C.the empty space where the original（原先的）blue card was D.the new blue card with syrup on it on the left of the red card 4.The experiment has proved（证明）that bees ________.A.cannot see colors

B.can see colors C.can not see blue

D.cannot see red 5.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A.Bees Love Blue

B.Bees Love Syrup C.Bees, Color and Syrup

D.Can Bees See Color? Keys: 1－5 BCBBD(4)Now satellites are helping to forecast（预报）the weather.They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world.The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere（大气）, because this is where the weather forms（形成）.They send these pictures to the weather stations.So meteorologists（气象学家）can see the weather of any part of the world.From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change.Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures.When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare（比较）them with earlier ones.Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours.This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too.In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this.So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists.Before satellites were invented, the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours.Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days.Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead（提前）.1.Satellites travel _____________.A.in space

B.in the atmosphere C.above the ground

D.above space 2.Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere? Because __________.A.the weather satellites can do it easily

B.clouds form there C.the weather forms there

D.the pictures can forecast the weather 3.Meteorologists forecast the weather __________.A.when they have received satellite pictures B.after they have compared new satellite pictures with earlier ones C.before they received satellite pictures D.during they study satellite pictures 4.Maybe we’ll soon be able to forecast the weather for ________.A.one day

B.two days

C.five days

D.seven days or even longer 5.The main（主要的）idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in _________.A.taking pictures of the atmosphere

B.receiving pictures of the atmosphere C.doing other work in many ways

D.weather forecasting Keys: 1-5 ACBDD(5)Snow fell on the mountain.It snowed and snowed.The snow did not melt（融化）.It became deep and heavy.The snow on the bottom pressed（挤压）together., it became ice.The ice was very wide and thick.It began to move down the mountain.It was like a river of ice.It was a glacier（冰河）.Sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches（英寸）each day.As it moved, it took rocks and dirt with it.It changed the land.In some places, it left hills.In some places, when the glacier melted, it made rivers and lakes.A million years ago, there were many big glaciers.Glaciers covered many parts of the world.The glaciers changed the land.Glaciers are still at work today.A glacier in the north of Canada is cutting a new path（路）down the side of a mountain.This glacier will change the land, too.1.The snow that fell on the mountain A.became snowman

B.melted C.became ice D.turned to rain 2.The word in the story that means a river of ice is __________.3.The story says, “The snow did not melt.It became deep and heavy”.The word it means ____.4.Which of the following does this story lead you to believe? A.There are not as many glaciers as there used to be B.Glaciers do not change the land as they move over it.C.Glaciers are found only in warm places.5.How fast did the glacier move?(Which sentence is exactly like the one in your book?)A.Sometimes the glacier moved only once a year.B.Sometimes the glacier moved over ten miles each day.C.Sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches each day.6.The main idea of the whole story is that _______.A.snow is heavy B.the high land never changes

C.glaciers changed the land Key: 1.C 2.glacier 3.snow 3.A 4.C 5.C(6)A Leg Walking Right Here are some signs +-x…, the signs are very different.They mean very different things.When you see them, you know what to do.This sign + means that you will add some numerals.This sign—means that you will take one numeral away from another.You will subtract（减去）.What will you do when you see x and… ?

Our signs are easy to read.They are easy signs to remember.Look at these two signs….The ancient Egyptians used these signs.A picture of a leg walking to the left told them to add some numerals.A picture of a leg walking to the right told them to subtract.In the 1500s people used this printed（印刷的）sign & to add numerals.After a while the sign began to look like this….Later, the sign became +.How much is 2…2?

1.What do you do when you see this sign +? A.Walk away

B.Write a numeral

C.Read a sign

D.Add 2.The word in the story that means to take one numeral away from another is _____.3.The story says, “Our signs are easy to read.They are easy signs to remember”.The word they means ______.4.Which of the following does this story lead to believe? A.Egyptians could not add numerals together

B.All Egyptians had two left legs.C.Our signs are not hard to understand 5.What did the sign to add numerals begin to look like(which sentence is exactly like the one in your book)? A.After a while, the sign began to look like this….B.After a while, the sign began to look like this +.C.After a while, the sign began to look like this &.6.The main idea of the whole story is that ______.A.the signs for adding and subtracting have changed.B.People could not write in the 1500s

C.the old signs were good for Egyptians but not for us Key: 1.D 2.substract 3.signs 4.C 5.A 6.A(7)Mexico's neighbours are the United States to the north and Guatemala and Belize to the south.Mexico is about one quarter of the size of the United States.Mexico has more than ninety million people.The language of Mexico is Spanish.This makes Mexico the world's largest Spanish-speaking country.Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico.The city is also very high.It is 7349 feet high(2240 metres).This makes it one of the highest capital cities in the world.The population, of Mexico City grows bigger every day.About thirty million people live there.It has more people than any other city in the world, even more than Tokyo.Mexico also has its specialities.Many of the foods we eat started in Mexico.Foods like beans, maize, avocados, tomatoes, peanuts, chili peppers, vanilla, and chocolate come from Mexico.Mexico is also famous for its cactus(仙人掌)plants.Mexico has more kinds of cactus than any other country.(Words: 161 Minutes: 3)1.Mexico is ____the USA.A.on the south of B.on the north of

C.a part of D.as large as 2.Mexicans speak______.A.English C.French

B.Spanish D.Latin(拉丁语)3.Which of the following is NOT true? A.Mexico City is the capital of Mexico.B.The population of Mexico City is 30,000,000.C.Tokyo is one of the cities with the largest population.D.Mexico City is the highest city in the world.4.Tomatoes were originally(最初)grown in ______.A.America

B.Spain C.Tokyo

D.Mexico 5.The best title(题目)of the passage is ___.A.Mexico City B.Mexico's plants

C.Mexico D.Mexico's population [Key] 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.C(8)Australia has a lot of lovely animals.You cannot find them anywhere else in the world.The most famous ones are kangaroos and koalas.The kangaroo is the symbol of Australia.They have large eyes and eats.They don't walk, they jump.They use their strong back legs.They can jump at 74 kilometres per hour.They can go over nine metres in one jump.Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies.The babies stay inside to get milk and keep warm.Kangaroos are everywhere in Australia.They are on TV, in books and in the shops.But do you know that millions of kangaroos are killed every year?There are too many of them.There are about 20 to 25 million kangaroos in Australia.That's more than the number of people in the counery.Some kangaroos go humgry because there is not enough food to eat.They break into farms for food Farmers are very angry with them.The koala is another famous Australian animal.They look like bears , and have small eyes and big noses.They eat leaves from gum trees.Koalas have a.They use it to mark their home----“This is my place,you can't come in!” like kangaroos,a koala baby lives in its mother's pouch,too.（）1.If we want to see kangaroos and koalas in natural forests.we can go to________.A.China B.France C.Australia（）2.What does a kangaroo look like? A.It looks like a bear.B.It has big eyes and ers.C.It has small eyes and big noses.（）3.The work “pouch” means__________.A.育儿袋 B。肌肉 C。尾巴（）4.Which is NOT TRUE?____________ A.The kangaroos can go over nine metres in one jump.B.Koalas like eating leaves from gum trees.C.Koalas use their voices to mark their homes（）5.What's the best title of this passage?________.A.Kangaroos and koalas.B.Beautiful Australia C.How to protect kangaroos and koalas.

第二篇：2018阅读理解,主旨大意(教师版)

2018届高三英语 阅读理解

（主旨大意题）

阅读理解主要有以下几种题型：主旨大意题、事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题 主旨大意题包括：文章主旨、段落大意、文章标题 【文章主旨和段落大意题常见的设题方式】

题干中常含有main idea, mainly about, sum up, summarise等词。此类题的设题形式有： 1.The main idea of the passage is that ________.2.What is the passage mainly about? 3.Which of the following statements can best sum up the passage? 4.Which of the following can summarise the main idea of the passage? 5.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? 6.The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to ________.7.The first paragraph is mainly about ________.8.What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1? 9.What does the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph? 【概括文章标题常见的设题方式】

题干中常有title, headline, be entitled等字眼。此类题的设题方式有： 1.The best title for the passage might be ________.2.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 3.Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage? 【主旨大意题解题策略】

阅读时，文章的开头、结尾（或段落的段首、段尾）特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。有时候，文章（或段落）中没有明确的主题句，则需要我们根据所提供的信息归纳出文章（或段落）的主旨大意。同时要注意提炼文章的关键词。此外，标题类题目还要追求语言的生动和趣味性。【主旨大意题应考技巧】

技巧1：速读头尾，明确主题

技巧2：定位中心句

技巧3：无明显主题句时找高频词

技巧4：同义概括，或取其一 【技巧1：速读头尾，明确主题】

大多数文章的主旨可能出现在开头或结尾，于是头尾显得很重要。因此，做主旨大意题时，我们可以先浏览一下头尾，试图抓住大意。Passage 1 阅读理解（主旨大意题）Bad news sells.If it bleeds, it leads.No news is good news, and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking people‟s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The „if it bleeds‟ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and don‟t care how you‟re feeling.But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react.You don‟t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication-e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations-found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn‟t necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times‟ website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles.He found that science amazed Times‟ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激发)one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr.Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”

【语篇解读】 本文为议论文。俗话说，好事不出门，坏事传千里。但是研究者们通过跟踪和监控人们的电子邮件、网络帖子及评论、面对面会话等发现，人与人之间更多分享的是那些给人们带来积极情绪的好消息，而不是导致消极情绪的坏消息。What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide

B.Online News Attracts More People C.Reading Habits Change with the Times

D.Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks 【答案】 D 【解析】 主旨大意题。通过第一段最后一句引出话题，以及最后一段的概括总结可知，在社交网络中，人们更愿意分享的是传递积极情绪的好消息。故选D项。【技巧2：定位中心句】

阅读理解（主旨大意题）主题句的位置往往由文章体裁所决定。议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总—分—总”的模式，第一段提出论点，然后是论据部分，最后一段得出结论（论点的重申），所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。而新闻报道却是报道一个人物事迹或重大事件等，主题句常出现在首段首句。记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子很可能是主题句。

以下是寻找主题句的四个小窍门：

1.段落中出现表示转折的词语（如however, but, in fact, actually等）时，该句很可能是主题句。2.开头出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

3.作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词。Passage 2

A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night‟s sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod off — if it is milked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content,which helps people to relax.Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。睡前喝一杯牛奶有助于睡眠，但最新的研究表明，如果喝的是晚上从牛身上挤的牛奶，那这将更利于你的睡眠。因为晚上挤的牛奶相比白天挤的牛奶，含有10倍的褪黑激素，从而更有利于睡眠。

阅读理解（主旨大意题）What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Night Milk and Sleep

B.Fat, Sugar and Health C.An Experiment on Mice 【答案】 A 【解析】 主旨大意题。文章将喝晚上挤的牛奶与喝白天挤的牛奶进行了对比实验，结果表明，喝晚上挤的牛奶更能促进睡眠，故A项最符合题意。【技巧3：无明显主题句时找高频词】

任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。Passage 3

Sometimes you‟ll hear people say that you can‟t love others until you love yourself.Sometimes you‟ll hear people say that you can‟t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself.Either way, you‟ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky.Sure we all know that we‟re the apple of our parents‟ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we‟re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it‟s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves.If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.Self-image is your own mind‟s picture of yourself.This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think.Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us.Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be.Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes.That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day.Don‟t allow doubts to occur in it.It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can‟t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself.Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task.If you think you‟re silly because you aren‟t good at math, find a tutor.If you think you‟re weak because you can‟t run a mile, get to the track and practice.If you think you‟re dull because you don‟t wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes.But remember, just because you think it doesn‟t mean it‟s true.The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities.Changing the way you think 阅读理解（主旨大意题）

D.Milk Drinking and Health and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image.When you can pat(拍)yourself on the back, you‟ll know you‟re well on your way.Good luck!What is the passage mainly about? _______ A.How to prepare for your success.B.How to face challenges in your life.C.How to build a positive selfimage.D.How to develop your good qualities.【答案】C

【技巧4：同义概括，或取其一】

同（近）义转换表达是所有阅读考试的特点。例如，试题中是handle，原文中可能是cope with；试题中是woman，原文可能是female。充分把握这一规律，是答对阅读理解题的关键之一。所以考生应多积累同义词汇、表达。

因此，跟主题句意思相同的选项，往往就是正确答案。Passage 4 Grown­ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle，twinkle，little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears....（下文略）What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A.People remember well what they learned in childhood.B.Children have a better memory than grown­ups.C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D.Stories for children are easy to remember.【答案】 A 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的中心句“Grown­ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.”可知，文章讲的是成年人常常惊叹他们非常好地记着儿时学过的东西。A项是此句的同义概括，所以A项正确。

【主旨大意题正确选项的特征】 1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。

2.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。3.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。

阅读理解（主旨大意题）【主旨大意题干扰选项的特征】

1.过于笼统。所表达的内容概括的范围过大，超出或多于文章阐述的内容。

2.以偏概全。所表达的内容只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别字词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。

3.偷换概念。所表达的内容被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。

4.无中生有。无关信息，生搬硬套，文章中未提到，或找不到依据的信息。虽然在文章中谈到，但选项内容与文章内容毫无联系。

【Practice】

Passage 5

My husband and I had been married nearly twenty-two years when I acquired Stevens Johnson syndrome,a disorder where my immune(免疫的)system responded to a virus by producing painful blisters(水泡).Although my long-term evaluation was good, I, who had been so fiercely independent, rapidly became absolutely helpless.My husband, Scott, stepped up to the plate, taking care of kids and cooking dinners.He also became my personal caretaker, applying the medicine to all of my blisters because my hands couldn‟t do the job.Needless to say, I had negative emotions, bouncing from embarrassment to shame caused by total reliance on someone other than myself.I recovered from my illness, but I couldn‟t seem to recover from the thought that I loved my husband less than he loved me.This seeming distinction in our love continued to annoy me for the year following my illness.Then recently Scott and I went on a long bike ride.He‟s an experienced cyclist;I‟m quite the green hand.At one point with a strong headwind and sharp pain building in my tired legs, I really thought I couldn‟t go any further.Seeing me struggle, Scott pulled in front of me and yelled over his shoulder, “Stay close behind me.” As I followed his steps, I discovered that my legs quit burning and I was able to catch my breath.My husband was pulling me along—again.I pray my husband will always be strong and healthy.But if he should ever become the struggling one, whether on a bike ride or with an illness, I trust I‟ll be ready to call out to him, “Stay close behind me — my turn to pull you along.”

【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。作者生病后，她的丈夫一直照顾她，鼓励支持她，给她帮助和力量；作者最后发出感慨，倘若有一天角色互换，她也会同样给予丈夫支持和力量。What message does the author convey in the passage? A.Strong will.B.Selfless love.C.Reliance(依靠)on each other.D.Optimistic attitude to life.阅读理解（主旨大意题）【答案】 C 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据整篇文章和倒数第二段最后一句以及最后一段点题段的描述，在作者得病后，她的丈夫一直照顾她，鼓励和支持她，给她帮助和力量；作者最后也发出感慨，倘若有一天角色互换，她也会同样给她的丈夫支持和力量。故选C项 “Reliance on each other(对彼此的依赖)”。Passage 6

Alex London Research Laboratory(ALRL)is part of Alex Co., Ltd., a major Australian medicine-making company.Opened in 1992, ALRL specialises in the development of new medicines for the treatment of heart diseases.A position is now open for a Research Operations Manager(ROM)to support our growing research team at the new laboratories in Hatfield, due to open in the autumn of 2010.Reporting to the Director, you will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services of our new laboratories now under construction.You will be expected to provide expert knowledge about and be in charge of all areas of ALRL‟s Health and Safety, and to communicate(沟通)with support employees at ALRL‟s laboratories based at University College London.Working closely with scientists and other operations and technical employees, you will manage a small number of research support employees providing services to help with the research activities to be carried out at the new laboratories.Candidates(申请人)will have experience of both management and research support / technical services.Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary.Education to degree level is also desirable.If you are interested in this position, please send your CV(简历)to Alex London Research Laboratory, University College London, Hatfield, London, W1E 6B7 or by email to ALRL@ alex.co.uk.For more information, please visit www.xiexiebang.communication in two fundamental ways.Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture‟s celebrations or traditions.The foods we eat — and when and how we eat them — are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural(农村的)and urban areas within one country.Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion(时刻)or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness.Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests.Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations.In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity(兴旺)in the New Year.In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita.A coin is put into the cake, which signifies(预示)success in the New Year for the person who receives it.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role.In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests.In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。俗话说“民以食为天”，在世界各民族文化中，食物是文化传承的重要载体。每逢重大场合或重要节日，人们总会借助食物表达情感，加强交流。What is the passage mainly about? A.The custom of sharing food.B.The specific meaning of food.C.The role of food in ceremonies.D.The importance of food in culture.【答案】 D 【解析】 主旨大意题。第一段的中心句是“Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture‟s celebrations or traditions.”；第三段的中心句是“Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations.”；第四段的中心句是“Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child,and food can play a significant role.”。综上所述，A、B、C项文中都有所涉及，但都具有片面性；D项概括性强。

阅读理解（主旨大意题）

第三篇：主旨大意题的解题方法(赵进)

2014-03-15高二英语培优 讲案 英语阅读理解主旨大意题的解题技巧

高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。

在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下：

1.The main topic/subject of the passage is _____.2.What is mainly discussed in the text/X paragraph？

3.What is the main idea of the passage？

4.The purpose of this passage is _____.5.The passage mainly focused on _____.6.What would be the best title/topic/headline of the text？从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。下面结合高考题实例来具体分析此类题目的解题技巧。

●怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意 ——主题句定位法

文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。

但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。

文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：

1.正三解形写作法（开门见山式）

即中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。

新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。例题：(高考—重庆卷E篇)（备注：所有高考题均保留原题号。）

In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.Others say that competition is bad;that it sets one person against another;that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.…

71.What does this passage mainly talk about?

A.Competition helps to set up self-respect.B.Opinions about competition are different among people.C.Competition is harmful to personal quality development.D.Failures are necessary experience in competition.2.倒三角形写作法（藏头露尾式）

即主题句出现在文尾。在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。

例题1：(全国卷 A篇)

The famous American gorilla(大猩猩)expert Diane Fossey had a completely new way to study gorillas — she pretended to be one of them.She copied their actions and way of life — eating plants and getting down on her hands and knees to walk the way a gorilla does.It was a new relationship.Diane Fossey was murdered in Rwanda in 1985 and her story was made into the popular film Gorillas in the Mist.It was a long way from King Kong, which is about a gorilla as a monster(a1

frightening animal), and helped to show a new idea: the real monster is man, while the gorilla is to be admired.Today there are thought to be around 48,000 lowland gorillas and maybe 400—450 mountain

gorillas in the wild.From the Congo in West Africa, to Rwanda and Uganda further east, they are endangered by hunting and by the cutting down of their forest homes.Some time ago, I found in my letterbox a little magazine from the World Wide Fund for

Nature.It had two photos side by side.One was of a young gorilla.“This is a species of

mammal(哺乳类动物),” said the words below it.“It is being destroyed by man.We must save it for our own good.” The other photo showed a human baby.The words also read, “This is a species of mammal,” but then went on: “It is the most destructive(破坏性的)on earth.We must retrain it for its own good.”

56.The text mainly talks about _____.A.Diane FosseyB.the gorillas in Rwanda

C.the protection of the gorillasD.the film Gorillas in the Mist

例题2：On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can.We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet.What’s more, we can go to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages.We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games.With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes.The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.1.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A.Keep away from the Internet.B.Surf the net.C.The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.D.We can entertain ourselves on the Internet.3.圆形写作法（首尾呼应式）

为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为

多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。

例题：Lacrosse(曲棍球)is a popular sport in Canada.The Indians in Canada invented it.They used it to train for war.They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.People play lacrosse outdoors.The lacrosse field is seven meters long.At each end of the field there is a goal.The goal is a net.There are ten players on each team.Each player has a stick called “ cross”.The player hit a ball into the net as many times as possible.Lacrosse is a very fast game because the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed with their sticks.Players often get great fun it playing lacrosse.There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada.Every night Canadians

can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio.At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada.Today it is still popular with Canadians.1.The passage is mainly about.A.How to Play LacrosseB.Lacrosse in Canada

C.The History of LacrosseD.Lacrosse—A Popular Game in Canada

4.菱形写作法（抛砖引玉式）

即主题句出现在文章的中间。通常文章开头只提出一个问题或者是貌似正确的观点，文

中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。

例题：(全国高考—江苏卷C篇)

The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past.The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year, but generally takes place in November or December.It is well attended by tourists, but even better attended by locals.During the opening ceremonies, after the official greetings from the government leaders, people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands, and white camels transport their riders across the sands.Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship.One following another, groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture.Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs.On their knees in the sand, a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair: their long, dark, shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.…

67.This passage mainly tells readers_______.A.what happens on the opening day of the Sahara Festival

B.how people celebrate during the three-day Sahara Festival

C.what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara Festival

D.how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival

5.正方形写作法（藏龙卧虎式）

即中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据

文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。

例题1：(全国高考—安徽卷C篇)

Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China.Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe.It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed(无武器的)hands to each other as a sign of goodwill.As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement.This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other.“Let’s shake(hands)on it” sometimes means agreement reached.Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No.Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite.It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or-her.Even if, for politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly.There is generally a misunderstanding(误解)among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved(保守的)in manner.But in fact some people in western countries more reserved than some Chinese today.So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.65.The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.A.where handshaking was first practiced

B.how handshaking came about

C.about the relationship between handshaking and trade

D.about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China

67.The main purpose of the text is ______.A.to tell us some differences between the East and the West

B.to offer us some important facts about handshaking

C.to introduce us to some different customs in the West

D.to give us some advice before we travel abroad

例题2：(全国高考— 山东卷A篇）

Last August, Joe and Mary Mahoney began looking at colleges for their 17-year-old daughter, Maureen.With a checklist of criteria in hand, the Dallas family looked around the country visiting half a dozen schools.They sought a university that offered the teenager’s intended major, one located neat a large city, and a campus where their daughter would be safe.“The safety issue is a big one,” says Joe Mahoney, who quickly discovered he wasn’t alone in his worries.On campus tours other parents voiced similar concerns, and the same question was always asked: what about crime? But when college officials always gave the same answer —“That’s not a problem here,” —Mahoney began to feel uneasy.“No crime whatsoever?” comments Mahoney today.“ I just don’t buy it.” Nor should he: in

1999 the U.S.Department of education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses.“Parents need to understand that times have changed since they went to college,” says David Nichols, author of Creating a Safe Campus.“Campus crime mirrors the rest of the nation.”

But getting accurate information isn’t easy.Colleges must report crime statistics(统计数

字)by law, but some hold back for fear of bad publicity, leaving the honest ones looking dangerous.“The truth may not always be serious,” warms S.Daniel Carter of Security on Campus, Inc., the nation’s leading campus safety watchdog group.To help concerned parents, Carter promised to visit campuses and talk to experts around the

country to find out major crime issues and effective solutions.60.What is the text mainly about?

A.Exact campus crime statisticsB.Crimes on or around campuses

C.Effective solutions to campus crimeD.Concerns about kids’ campus safety

●怎样选择或拟定文章的标题（选帽原则）标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子，它高度概括了文章内容，点明文章

主题，它是文章中心思想最精练的表达形式。那如何选择文章的标题呢？

首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体现文

章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中

心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及

色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。

再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文

章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标

题是以话题为核心。

例题1：(全国高考—江西卷A篇)

He wishes the holiday season would end already.His back aches, his red suit feels like a

spacesuit, his cheeks have gone tight from smiling for 12 hours …

The questions from children these days are harder than ever.Now, with thousands of children expecting a father or mother serving in Iraq or Afghanistan, the questions are as heart-breaking as they are unanswerable.For example, “Can you please bring Daddy home from the war in time for Christmas morning?”

Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued(指控)…

59．What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Christmas: Not a Good Festival for Santas

B．Is Santa Claus Really Alive?C．A Christmas Story

D．What Does Santa Claus Do for Children?

例题2：（全国卷IA篇）

Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia was delivered to

my house.No card came with it Calls to the flower-shop were not helpful at all.After a while I stopped trying to discover the sender’s name and just delighted in the beautiful white flower in soft pink paper.But I never stopped imagining who the giver might be.Some of my happiest moments were

spent daydreaming about the sender.My mother encouraged these imaginings.She’d ask me if there was someone for whom I had done special kindness.Perhaps it was the old man across the street whose mail I’d delivered during the winter.As a girl, though, I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy I had run into.One month before my graduation, my father died.I felt so sad that I became completely

uninterested in my upcoming graduation dance, and I didn’t care if I had a new dress or not.But my mother, in her own sadness, would not let me miss any of those things.She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable.In truth, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia lovely, strong and perfect with perhaps a bit of mystery(神秘)

My mother died ten days after I was married.I was 22.That was the year the gardenia

stopped coming.41.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A.A childhood Dream.B.A Mother’s Love.C.A Graduation Party.D.A Special Birthday.2014-03-14英语培优练习题 阅读理解主旨大意题

1)If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly

draw your attention: “Color TV.Only ＄79.Two days sale.Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy.You may discover that they are sold out.But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model.A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs ＄395.This sales method is called “bait and switch”.Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one.Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.※ The paragraph could be entitled _________.A.Buying a TV SetB.A Selling MethodC.Buyer BewareD.TV On Sale

2)Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.※ The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.A.Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later fromBoston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.3)Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey.Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images(useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills), while women tend to excel(擅长)at recalling information from their brain's files(helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects)....※ The author aims to tell us that __________.A.women’s minds perform better than men’s

B.men’s minds decline more with age

C.everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older

D.a survey on human’s mind decline was done recently.4)It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries.While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services.Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, has also announced he is planning to make some changes in our health service.The crux of Mr.Brown's proposals are related to giving the NHS(National Health Service)a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients.He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases...※ The author of this passage intends to tell us______.A.the NHS should be reformed right away.B.more and more people are dying from diseases.C.the plan to reform the NHS in the UK.D.the criticism of Mr.Brown's proposals.5)In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work.Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”.However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss

Cross”.He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的)success.※ The text is mainly about________.A.LexicoB.Three menC.A word gameD.Alfred Butts.6)Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it Takes practice.A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other.A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精确), without thinking.Tennis players call that“ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity’(自动性).※ The first paragraph tells us _______.A.what automaticity isB.how accuracy is acquired(获得)

C.how a child learns to walkD.how an athlete is trained.7)Boston----Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major works by Rembrandt, Dagas , Manet and Verme rr, FBI(美国联邦调查局)and the museum officials said.The first judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokes-man Jim Tordan.………

William Bobinson, of Hardvard Univercity’s Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.”

※What is the best headline for this newspaper article ?

A.Theft Took Place in BostonB.Artworks stolen by Thieves

C.Major WorksD.Investigation into the Theft

8)As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-it-yourself”(DIY)trend in the U.S.continues to grow.……

John and Jim are not unusual people.Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living.If you want to become a “do-it-yourself’, you can go to DIY classes.And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.※ What would be the best title for the text?

A.The Joy of DIYB.You can Do it Too!

C.Welcome to Our DIY Course!D.Ross and Hatfield: Believers in DIY

9)You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams.While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster.Even your brain-wave pattern changes.Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health.They claim that without dream, people would go crazy.※What does the passage mainly tell us?

A.How people stay healthyB.How sleep is necessary

C.Why dreams are importantD.When people remember their dreams

10)In America we have Halloween.In Mexico they have Todos Santos, which means “ All Saints”.This is the day in which people remember family and friends who have died.They visit the cemetery instead of going out to trick-or-treat.But they do have pictures of skeletons and ghosts hanging around.They also have many candy skulls to eat.※What does the story mainly tell ?

A.What holidays are likeB.What Halloween is like in Mexico

C.What happens during Todos SantosD.What we do on Halloween

第四篇：2018高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第3讲主旨大意题靶向训练

专题一 阅读理解 第3讲 主旨大意题

[真题演练]

A(2016·全国卷Ⅲ，阅读理解D)(导学号 58210008)Bad news sells.If it bleeds，it leads.No news is good news，and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways，researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking people's e－mails and online posts，scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The‘if it bleeds’rule works for mass media，”says Jonah Berger，a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling.But when you share a story with your friends，you care a lot more how they react.You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

Researchers analyzing word－of－mouth communication—e－mails，Web posts and reviews，face－to－face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的)，but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility，Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories：thousands of articles on The New York Times' website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the“most e－mailed”list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non－science articles.He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny，or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety，but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激发)one way or the other，and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article，the more likely it was to be shared，as Dr.Berger explains in his new book，“Contagious：Why Things Catch On.”

【语篇解读】 人们常说“没有消息就是最好的消息”，类似的传统说法只适合于大众媒体。在网络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快很多。

32．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to? A．News reports.B．Research papers.C．Private e－mails.D．Daily conversations.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The‘if it bleeds’rule works for mass media”可知，像“if it bleeds”这样的传统说法适用于大众媒体，故选A。

答案：A

33．What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? A．They're socially inactive.B．They're good at telling stories.C．They're inconsiderate of others.D．They're careful with their words.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“...You care a lot more how they react”可知，你非常在乎朋友听完你讲的故事后的反应，根据本段“You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”可知，你不想被当作一个“Debbie Downer”，说明指的是“一个不为他人考虑的人”，故选C。

答案：C

34．Which tended to be the most e－mailed according to Dr.Berger's research? A．Sports news.B．Science articles.C．Personal accounts.D．Financial reviews.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“...articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non－science articles”可知，科技类的文章比非科技类的更有可能被人们讨论，故选B。

答案：B

★35.What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide B．Online News Attracts More People C．Reading Habits Change with the Times D．Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“By tracking people's e－mails and online posts，scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters

and sob stories.”可知，好消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远；说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播，故选D。

答案：D

B(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，阅读理解D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗示)is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care－givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。32．What does the author say about silence in conversations? A．It implies anger.B．It promotes friendship.C．It is culture－specific.D．It is content－based.解析：推理判断题。根据文章首段首句“The meaning of silence varise among cultural groups”和下文给出的例子可知，作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。

答案：C

33．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A．The Chinese.B．The French.C．The Mexicans.D．The Russians.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知许多美国本土人，一些传统的中国人以及泰国人认为谈话时人们沉默是在思考。

答案：A

34．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.B．Break it while treating patients.C．Evaluate its harm to patients.D．Make use of its healing effects.解析：细节理解题。根据末段末句“A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients...”可知，作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。故选D。

答案：D

★35.What may be the best title for the text? A．Sound and Silence B．What It Means to Be Silent C．Silence to Native Americans D．Speech Is Silver；Silence Is Gold 解析：标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B。

答案：B

C(2015·广东卷，阅读理解C)(导学号 58210009)

Daniel Anderson，a famous psychologist，believes it's important to distinguish television's influences on children from those of the family.We tend to blame TV，he says，for problems it doesn't really cause，overlooking our own roles in shaping children's minds.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child's ability to think and to understand the world.While watching TV，children do not merely absorb words and images(影像)．Instead，they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.Actually，children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows.Furthermore，as many teachers agree，children understand far more when parents watch TV with them，explaining new words and ideas.Yet，most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.But according to Anderson，the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability.TV doesn't take the place of reading for most children；it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation，such as listening to the radio and playing sports.Things like parents' educational background have a stronger influence on a child's reading.“A child's reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads，”Anderson says.Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television－watching lowers IQ(智商)scores and affects school performance.But here，too，Anderson notes that no studies have proved it.In fact，reasearch suggests that it's the other way around.“If you're smart young，you'll watch less TV when you're older，”Anderson says.Yet，people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children.However，by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed，Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.【语篇解读】 本文为议论文，题材为社会生活类。传统观念认为，看电视会对孩子思维能力的培养产生负面的影响，还会让孩子远离阅读。而著名心理学家安德森对此提出了不同的看法。

36．By watching TV，children learn ________.A．images through words B．more than explicit meanings

C．more about images than words D．little about people's psychology 解析：事实细节题。根据第二段第三句“Instead，they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.”可知答案为B项。

答案：B

37．An educational program is best watched by a child ________.A．on his own

C．with his parents

B．with other kids D．with his teachers 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“Furthermore，as many teachers agree，children understand far more when parents watch TV with them，explaining new words and ideas.可以推断出答案为C项。

答案：C

38．Which of the following is most related to children's reading ability? A．Radio－listening.B．Television－watching.C．Parents' reading list.D．Parents' educational background.解析：事实细节题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句“Things like parents' educational background have a stronger influence on a child's reading.”可知答案为D项。

答案：D

39．Anderson believes that ________.A．the more a child watches TV，the smarter he is B．the younger a child is，the more he watches TV C．the smarter a child is，the less likely he gets addicted to TV D．the less a child watches TV，the better he performs at school 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段第四句安德森所说“If you're smart young，you'll watch less TV when you're older，”可以推断出答案为C项。

答案：C

★40.What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To advise on the educational use of TV.B．To describe TV's harmful effects on children.C．To explain traditional views on TV influences.D．To present Anderson's unconventional ideas.解析：主旨大意题。整篇文章讲述的都是安德森关于看电视对孩子的影响所提出的非传

统的观点。故选D项。

答案：D

[模拟演练]

A(2017·湘潭一中等六校联考)After the earthquake had stopped, when the rescuers reached the ruins of a young woman's house, they saw her dead body through the cracks.But her pose was somehow strange that she knelt on her knees like a person was worshiping(做礼拜)；her body was leaning forward, and her two hands were supported by an object.The collapsed house had crashed her back and her head.With so many difficulties, the leader of the rescue team put his hand through a narrow gap on the wall to reach the woman's body.He was hoping that this woman could be still alive.However, the cold and stiff body told him that she had passed away for sure.He and the rest of the team left this house and were going to search the next collapsed building.For some reasons, the team leader was driven by compelling force to go back to the ruined house of the dead woman.Again, he knelt down and used his hand through the narrow cracks to search the little space under the dead body.Suddenly, he screamed with excitement，“A child!There is a child！”

The whole team worked together；carefully they removed the piles of ruined objects around the dead woman.There was a 3－month－old little boy wrapped in a flowery blanket under his mother's dead body.Obviously, the woman had made a sacrifice for saving her son.When her house was falling, she used her body to make a cover to protect her son.The little boy was still sleeping peacefully when the team leader picked him up.The medical doctor came quickly to exam the little boy.After he opened the blanket, he saw a cell phone.There was a text message on the screen.It said，“If you can survive, you must remember that I love you.”This cell phone was passing around from one hand to another.Everybody that read the message wept.“ If you can survive，you must remember that I love you.”Such is the mother's love for her child!【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。作者讲述了一个感人的真实故事。在地震中一位普通而又伟大的母亲在危难时刻为自己的孩子开辟了一条生命通道，她把死留了自己，把生留给了自己的孩子。

1．Why did the leader of the rescue team decide to leave the house?

A．He didn't notice the woman.B．He knew the woman was dead.C．He left to ask for help.D．The gap was too narrow for his hand to get through.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“However，the cold and stiff body told him that she had passed away for sure.”及第三段第一句“He and the rest of the team left this house and were going to search the next collapsed building.”可知答案为B项。

答案：B

2．The reason why the woman died in such a strange pose was that________． A．she tried to protect her baby with her own body B．the earthquake happened when she was worshiping C．her knees were severely injured D．her hands were supported by an object 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Obviously，the woman had made a sacrifice for saving her son.When her house was falling，she used her body to make a cover to protect her son.”可知答案为A项。

答案：A

★3.What can be the best title for the passage? A．A strange pose in the ruins B．A mother's love in the ruins C．A rescue team's struggle D．A heart－breaking scene 解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了地震中的一位母亲用自己的生命保护了自己的孩子，由此可见本文的最佳题目为：废墟里的母爱。故答案为B项。

答案：B

B(2017·济宁高三模拟)(导学号 58210010)Giving Mary Poppins's magic umbrella some serious competition is the all high－tech “Oombrella”—not only can it predict the weather，it's also impossible to lose.The smart umbrella syncs(同步进行)with a smartphone app，sending users updates about weather conditions 30 minutes in advance，and reminders if they happen to leave the device behind.And here's the added bonus—it won't ever flip inside－out.Designed by French company Wezzoo，the rainbow－colored umbrella comes in two

versions—classic and modern.The classic is 3.1ft long with a curved handle，while the modern version is 0.8ft long with a straight handle.The company describes the device as a‘portable weather station’，made of a reflective surface with built in sensors that record real－time data such as light，humidity，pressure，and temperature.The umbrella collects and processes this data as well as information from a social media community before sending out alerts about when it's going to start raining.And if the user happens to accidentally forget it at home on a potentially rainy day，or leaves it in a restaurant，similar alerts will be sent out using GPS technology to make sure you don't lose it.“We wanted to make this umbrella unforgettable in terms of design，too，”explains Alexandre，of Escabo design studio.“We developed an exclusive material.It makes you feel you are holding an aurora borealis(北极光)in your hands.It has effects that are amazing with the light and always changing.It really makes the umbrella special.”The‘capsule' that integrates all the technology，making the umbrella smart，is located in the handle.The umbrella is all set to hit global online and physical stores this fall.According to a company spokesperson，it will retail at79($86)，but the early bird price on Kickstarter is59($64)．For those who are rather attached to their current umbrellas，the company will also release an‘Oombrella capsule' that can transform any umbrella into a smart device.Now，if only it could make us fly like Mary Poppins!【语篇解读】 文章介绍一种新型的智能雨伞，它既可以提醒用户要下雨了，还能防止丢失。

★4.What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us about Oombrella? A．Its special design.C．Its functions.B．Its working principle.D．Its structure.解析：段落大意题。根据文章第一段的句子“not only can it predict the weather，it's also impossible to lose....And here's the added bonus—it won't ever flip inside－out.”可知，第一段主要介绍Oombrella的功能。故选C。

答案：C 5．Which of the following best shows how Oombrella works? A．collect—process—record—predict B．process—record—collect—predict

C．record—collect—process—predict D．record—process—collect—predict 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“made of a reflective surface with built in sensors that record real－time data such as light，humidity，pressure，and temperature.The umbrella collects and processes this data as well as information from a social media community before sending out alerts about when it's going to start raining.”可知，Oombrella先记录信息，再收集、处理，最后预测天气。故选C。

答案：C

6．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Oombrella is already on sale.B．Early buyers of Oombrella will save money.C．It's impossible to turn an ordinary umbrella into a smart one.D．Oombrella is a magic device that can make us fly.解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子“According to a company spokesperson，it will retail at79($86)，but the early bird price on Kickstarter is59($64)．”可知，Oombrella的早期购买者可以省些钱。故选B。

答案：B

★7.What's the purpose of the author writing the passage? A．To introduce readers a new type of umbrella.B．To show readers how to predict the weather.C．To remind readers to take an umbrella at any time.D．To persuade readers to buy the high－tech umbrella.解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的句子“Giving Many Poppins's magic umbrella some serious competition is the all high－tech ‘Oombrella’”可知，文章是介绍一种新型的伞。故选A。

答案：A

C(2017·南昌十校联考)In 1800，only three percent of the world's population lived in cities.Only one city—Beijing—had a population of over a million.Most people lived in rural areas，and never saw a city in their lives.In 1900，just a hundred years later，roughly 150 million people lived in cities，and the world's ten largest cities all had populations exceeding one million.By 2000，the number of city dwellers exceeded three billion;and in 2008，the world's population crossed a tipping point—more than half

of the people on Earth lived in cities.By 2050，that could increase to over two－thirds.Clearly，humans have become an urban species.In the 19th and early 20th centuries，many people viewed cities negatively—crowded，dirty environments full of disease and crime.They feared that as cities got bigger，living conditions would worsen.In recent decades，however，attitudes have changed.Many experts now think urbanization(城市化)is good news，offering solutions to the problems of Earth's growing population.Harvard economist Edward Glaeser，author of TriumphoftheCity，is one such person.Glaeser argues that cities are very productive because “the absence of space between people” reduces the cost of transporting goods，people，and ideas.While the flow of goods has always been important to cities，what is most important today is the flow of ideas.Successful cities enable people to learn from each other easily，and attract and reward smart people with higher wages.Another urbanization supporter is environmentalist Stewart Brand.Brand believes cities help the environment because they allow half of the world's population to live on about four percent of the land.This leaves more space for open country，such as farmland.City dwellers also have less impact per person on the environment than people in the countryside.Their roads，sewers，and power lines need fewer resources to build and operate.City apartments require less energy to heat，cool，and light.Most importantly，people in cities drive less so they produce fewer greenhouse gases per person.So it's a mistake to see urbanization as evil;it's a natural part of development.The challenge is how to manage the growth.【语篇解读】 本文讲述了随着人们对城市看法的改变，城市化进程不断加快。许多专家认为这是好事。

★8.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A．The history of modern cities.B．Changes taking place within cities.C．How cities have grown over time.D．Why modern cities are changing.解析：段落大意题。第一段讲述了随着时间的推移，城市人口激增。故选C项。答案：C

9．How have experts' attitudes towards cities changed in recent decades? A．They now view the weaknesses as strengths.B．They no longer see city－living as attractive.C．They accept city life in spite of its problems.D．They think city－living provides more benefits.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many experts now think urbanization(城市化)is good news, offering solutions to the problems of Earth's growing population”可知，许多专家认为城市化进程是件好事。故选D项。

答案：D

10．Which of the following would Edward Glaeser agree with? A．Cities provide more economic opportunities.B．City people get along better with each other.C．Overcrowded cities result in problems.D．Cities limit the flow of ideas.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Successful cities enable people to learn from each other easily, and attract and reward smart people with higher wages”可知，他认为城市能为人们提供更多的经济发展机会。故选A项。

答案：A

11．According to Paragraph 4，what would be the result of moving people out of cities? A．Economic production would be reduced.B．There would be less farmland available.C．People would travel less frequently.D．House values would fall greatly.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Brand believes cities help the environment because they allow half of the world's population to live on about four percent of the land.This leaves more space for open country，such as farmland”可知，城市居民居住面积占地少，能够留出更多的土地进行耕种；由此可以推断：若让人们搬出城市，耕地的面积将大大减少。故选B项。

答案：B

D(2017·九江十校联考)(导学号 58210011)A cute white cat peeks out of a hole with only its head visible.A long－eared rabbit licks its lips while looking up at a carrot.These aren't real scenes in a natural park.Instead，they're paintings in tree holes on a road in Shijiazhuang，Hebei Province.Hundreds of people are visiting the artistic road to take photos of

the new paintings.The creator of these eye－catching paintings is Wang Yue，23.She describes her tree hole paintings as“a beautiful journey”through which she adds fun and vitality(活力)to her hometown.“When I saw the trees by the roadside had lost all their leaves，and the ugly tree holes became obvious，I thought that if I could paint some interesting scenes in these holes they might add some color to the city，”said Wang Yue.But Wang was worried that her watercolor paints could hurt the trees.When Wang got permission from city officials，she gathered her color palette，brushes and a stool and got to work.Her first painting was of rosy clouds，but many passers－by couldn't understand it.“Perhaps it was too abstract，”said Wang Yue.After that，she began to paint animals.Using her paintbrush she creatively placed a raccoon(浣熊)，a squirrel and a cat in the holes.Wang's friends shared her works on their micro blogs and she became a hit.Her next aim is to tell stories rather than painting individual animals.“I was glad to let people see life's beauty.I hope more artists can join me in painting the tree holes，”she said.【语篇解读】 石家庄女孩王月用“树洞画”让栩栩如生的小猫、松鼠以及各种风景在树洞“安家”，为黯淡的冬季带来了色彩。

12．Why did Wang Yue begin to create paintings in the tree holes? A．To practice painting and have fun.B．To prevent the tree leaves from falling.C．To have passers－by take photos of her paintings.D．To make the city more colorful and lively.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“She describes her tree hole paintings as‘a beautiful journey’through which she adds fun and vitality to her hometown.”和第三段中的“I thought that if I could paint some interesting scenes in these holes they might add some color to the city.”可知她这样做主要是为了让城市更有活力，更有色彩。故D项正确。

答案：D

13．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Wang's first painting hurt the trees and city officials stopped her work.B．Wang's first painting wasn't popular because she wasn't skillful then.C．Wang became successful partly because of her friends' micro blogs.D．Wang would continue to centre her works on individual animals.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句话“Wang's friends shared her works on their micro blogs and she became a hit”可知因为她的朋友在博客上分享了她的行为，别人才知道这件事情。故C项正确。

答案：C

★14.Which is the best title for the text? A．Paintings in tree holes become popular B．Paintings bring grey road to life C．Wang Yue—a girl who has become a hit D．Join in painting the tree holes 解析：主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲的是石家庄女孩王月用“树洞画”为黯淡的冬季带来色彩。A，D项与文章无关。C项并非中心思想。B项概括了文章主旨。

答案：B

第五篇：言语理解主旨概括题技巧之十看十不看

言语理解主旨概括题技巧之十看十不看

在公务员考试中，言语理解与表达是行政职业能力测验的重要组成部分，其中主旨概括又是言语理解与表达中片段阅读的重要题型。片段阅读文字量大，如果不能快速阅读和解题，不仅影响言语部分做题，还会影响其他模块试题作答。因此，阅读速度和质量是关键。为了解决阅读速度和质量问题，总结了主旨概括题略看技巧，供大家复习参考。

推荐：公务员精英学院主旨概括题课程讲解

一、递进之后要看，递进之前可不看

后面分句的意思比前面分句的意思更进一层，前后分句是一种递进关系。

表示递进关系的典型关联词是“不但……而且……”。跟“不但”作用相同的词语有“不仅”，“不单” “不独”、“不只”、“不光”等;跟“而且”相同的词语还有“并”、“并且”、“也”、“还”。此外还有多重递进“不但……而且……甚至……”，“甚至”表示二级递进。与“甚至”相同的词语还有“更”、“特别”、“尤其”、“重要的是”、“关键的是”、“核心的是”、“有趣的是”等。

递进后面分句的意思更进一层，后面分句是重点。一级递进与二级递进同现，二级递进是重点，多重递进最后是重点。因此，递进之后要看，递进之前可不看。例如：

【例1】北京市采取的公交优先战略除了是为了奥运会创造畅通的交通环境外，更重要的是有助于培养北京市居民的公交意识和某种程度上的公民意识，北京市居民的这两种意识塑造对北京市的长远发展是一笔财富。

这段文字主要讨论的是：

A.北京奥运会 B.奥运会的交通环境

C.北京人的两种意识 D.北京市公交的优先战略

【答案】C

【解析】递进之后是重点，我们通过表递进的关联词“更重要的是”，把握后面的主题句，确定正确答案为C。递进之前“公交优先战略”不是作者想表达的重点。

二、转折之后要看，转折之前可不看

前后分句的意思相反或相对，前后分句是一种转折关系。前面分句说出一层意思，后面分句说出另外一层意思，是说话人所要表达的正意。

表示转折关系的典型关联词是“虽然……但是……”。跟“虽然”作用相同的还有“尽管”、“虽说”、“固然”等;跟“但是”作用相同的还有“可是”、“不过”、“然而”、“却”等。“其实”、“事实上”、“实际上”、“只是”、“当然”等也表示转折关系，为弱转折。

在一个文段中，表示转折关系的关联词之后通常出现主题句。因此，转折之后要看，转折之前可不看。强转折和弱转折同时出现时，强转折通常是重点。例如：

【例2】社会冲突扮演了一个激发器的角色，它激发了新规范、规则和制度的建立，从而充当了促使敌对双方社会化的代理人。此外，冲突重新肯定了潜伏着的规范，从而强化了对社会生活的参与。作为规范改进和形成的激发器，冲突使得调整已经发生变化了的社会关系成为可能。但是，社会冲突是否有利于内部适应，取决于是在什么样的问题上发生冲突，以及冲突发生的社会结构。

这段文字主要说明：

A.社会冲突有助于社会整合

B.社会冲突的整合功能是需要条件的 C.社会冲突是社会化不充分的表现

D.社会冲突是参与社会生活的方式之一

【答案】B

【解析】这段文字的主题句在转折词“但是”之后，即“社会冲突是否有利于内部适应，取决于是在什么样的问题上发生冲突，以及冲突发生的社会结构”，我们抓住这个主题句就可以了。从“取决于”可以看出社会冲突的功能发挥是需要条件的，正确答案为B。转折词“但是”之前讲的是社会冲突的功能，不是文段的重点，可以省略不看。

三、结论部分要看，结论之外可不看

一个分句说出原因，另一分句表示结果，这两个分句是一种因果关系。

表示因果关系的典型关联词是“因为……所以……”。跟“因为”作用相同的有“由于”、“既然”;跟“所以”作用相同的有“因此”、“因而”、“可见”、“看来”、“那么”、“总之”、“故而”、“言而总之”、“综上所述”、“概而言之”、“概而论之”等。

在一个文段中，表示因果关系的关联词之后通常出现主题句。因此结论部分要看，结论之外可不看。需要注意的是，“之所以……是因为”用倒装的形式强调原因，这时原因部分需要看。例如：

【例3】随着社会文明程度的提高，女性的才能在传媒、大学、科研和金融等高度理性的行业，不仅获得了更大的展示空间，而且也帮助她们创造了越来越多的骄人业绩。当然，妻子和母亲的角色，仍然限制着女性潜能的发挥。因此，一个成功的女性背后往往是她那旁人难以体会的艰辛。

这段文字主要表述的是：

A.伴随着社会文明程度的提高，女性职业化水平也越来越高

B.女性更适合从事传媒、大学、科研和金融等高度理性的行业

C.随着职业化的提高，女性要在事业上成功需要付出更多的努力

D.若没有妻子和母亲的角色限制，女性潜能将得到更大的发挥

【答案】C

【解析】结论后面是重点，文段通过结论词“因此”引出主题句“一个成功的女性背后往往是她那旁人难以体会的艰辛”。C是对文段的主题句的同义替换，为正确答案。

四、必要条件要看，条件之外可不看

一句提出条件，另一句表示在满足条件的情况下的结果，这两句是一种条件关系。这种条件是唯

一、必要的，就是必要条件。

表示必要条件的标志有“只有”、“必须”、“ 需要”、“ 除非”、“ 务必”、“如何”、“怎样”等。

必要条件句引得的是解决问题的对策，通常是文段中的重点。因此，必要条件要看，条件之外可不看。例如：

【例4】群众的眼睛是雪亮的，但如果缺乏足够的引导和约束，这种“雪亮”有可能变成一种偏执，一种没有方向的自负。而建立在“多数人”压过“少数人”基础上的制度安排，很可能走进片面和偏狭的陷井中，“上级”评议，官员面对的是“一个人”;“公众”评议，官员面对的是“一群人”，只有在“顶天”的压力和“立地”的责任互相补充下才能真正起到足够的监督作用;自上而下与自下而上的监督力量有机地结合，才可能在博弈中避免“一个人”的片面和“一群人”的片面。

这段文字的主旨是：

A.质疑群众评议的合理性 B.群众的意志要得到合理的引导和约束

C.如何对官员进行有效监督 D.怎样在群众和上级间达到平衡

【答案】C

【解析】最后一句必要条件句是文段的主题句，“自上而下与自下而上的监督力量有机地结合”是文段的主题句，谈的是“如何对官员进行有效监督”，C为正确答案。

五、总述部分要看，分述部分可不看

行文脉络指的是文章的结构，作者的写作思路。一个文段有一定的行文脉络，包括“总——分”、“分——总”、“总——分——总”等。总述的部分通常是文段的观点或解决问题的措施，也通常是文段的主题句。总述部分通常位于文段首句或末句，做题时我们需要把握首尾句原则。分述部分是为了证明或解释总述部分的观点或措施，不是重点所在，因此可不看。例如：

【例5】“红段子”就要来了!在有关部委和几大移动运营商的联合高调推动下，中国手机短信有望“全国山河一片红”。一场名为“红段子现象——网络时代的中国文化精神和产业走向”的座谈会，在农历新年临近之际，拉开序幕。其受重视程度，从参会人员可见一斑：工业与信息化部长奚国华、国家广播电影电视总局副局长胡占凡、中国移动通信集团副总裁李跃……中国移动通信集团广东公司总经理徐龙撰文称：具有思想性和知识性，内容健康向上，形式短小精悍，效果催人奋进的短信，就是“红段子”。

这段话概括最准确的是：

A.“红段子”有望在中国手机短信中流行 B.“红段子”是很受欢迎的手机短信 C.“红段子”现象引起了领导的重视

D.什么是“红段子”

【答案】A

【解析】文段的行文脉络为“总——分”式，开篇重点介绍“红段子”就要在中国手机短信中流行，总领全文。后文逐一介绍了相关的活动以及对于红段子的解释介绍，属于叙述部分。那么段首句才是文段的重点，A是重点内容的同义替换。而C、D两项为片段信息，并非重点，B是无关选项。所以选择A选项。这里我们把握首句总述部分就可以了，后面分述部分可以不看。

六、主句部分要看，方式状语可不看

遇到长难句时，我们要把握句子的主干，即句子的主谓宾。句子的枝叶，包括定语、状语、补语，是为修饰句子的主干服务的，可以省略不看。“的”连接定语和中心语，“地”连接状语和中心语，“得”连接补语和中心语，这些助词是句子枝叶的标志。例如：

【例6】随着通讯技术的进步，当今社会，政府执政的舆论环境已发生了明显的变化，各种舆论可以借助网络、短信等现代传播工具，跨越时空迅速传递，使意见空间加大，意见力度增强，而决策透明度的增加和公民民主参与意识的增强，又加大了政府的舆论压力。在这样的背景下，政府对“舆情危机”的处理，需要改变以往的被动方式，针对新出现的情况，及时采取新的方式来应对。

对这段文字概括最准确的是：

A.说明政府在新舆论环境下有必要转变应对方式

B.对比不同时期政府舆论宣传的客观环境与方式

C.剖析政府执政的舆论压力不断增大的外在原因

D.分析通讯技术发展与舆论环境变化之间的关系

【答案】A

【解析】方式状语“随着……”可不看，把握文段的主题句“需要改变以往的被动方式，针对新出现的情况，及时采取新的方式来应对”前面句子枝叶可以不看，把握主干，可判断正确答案为A。

七、解决问题要看，目的本身可不看

目的不重要，解决问题才是答案。引导目的的词语有“为了”、“ 要想”、“ 想要”、“ 才”等。表示“解决问题”的词语有“必须、需要、应该”等。需要注意的是，解决问题的措施往往是必要条件，解决问题的措施是重点。例如：

【例7】即使社会努力提供了机会均等的制度，人们还是会在初次分配中形成收入差距。由于在市场经济中资本也要取得报酬，拥有资本的人还可以通过拥有资本来获取报酬，就更加拉大了初次分配中的收入差距。所以当采用市场经济体制后，为了缩小收入分配差距，就必须通过由国家主导的再分配过程来缩小初次分配中所形成的差距;否则，就会由于收入分配差距过大，形成社会阶层的过度分化和冲突，导致生产过剩的矛盾。

这段文字主要谈论的是：

A.收入均衡难以实现 B.再分配过程必不可少

C.分配差距源于制度 D.收入分配体制必须改革

【答案】B

【解析】根据结论之后是重点，我们可以确定“所以”后面是主题句所在。主题句中“为了”表示目的，可以不看，要看“必须”引导的解决问题的措施“再分配过程”，正确答案为B。

八、文段观点要看，举例本身可不看

举例的标志有“比如”、“正如”、“例如”、“以……为例”、“……是一个例证”。此外，故事、数据等均可为例证。

举例是为了说明前后观点，重点找前后观点。例子本身不重要，阅读时可省略。围绕举例的选项是命题人设置的陷阱，应排除不选。例如：

【例8】一个人的日常生活，衣、食、住、行，包括一些生活细节，都能反映他的精神境界，反映他的生存心态、生活风格和文化品味。巴尔扎克在《风雅生活论》中曾引用两句谚语来说明这个道理，一句是：“一个人的灵魂，看他持手杖的姿势，便可以知晓。”另一句是：“请你讲话、走路、吃饭、穿衣，然后我就可以告诉你，你是什么人。”

这段话的主旨是：

A.巴尔扎克发现人的精神境界可以通过生活细节表现出来

B.一个人的精神境界必然会从他日常生活的一举一动中表现出来

C.一个人的精神境界如何主要看他对待生活的态度是怎样的 D.一个有较高生活质量的人才会具有较高的生活境界

【答案】B

【解析】文段从行文脉络上看属于典型的总分式结构。首句即是主旨句，后面引用巴尔扎克的例子进一步说明文段主旨，故首先排除A。C提到的“生活态度”和D提到的“生活境界”显然和文段中的”生活细节”不符，排除C、D项。故本题正确答案为B。

九、反面之前要看，反面论证可不看

反面论证是从相反的角度证明正面的观点。反面论证的标志有“否则、不然、如果不/没有”。反面论证本身不重要，阅读时可省。看到反面论证时，应重点看前面的观点，即“反面之前要看，反面论证可不看”。围绕反面论证的选项是命题人设置的陷阱，应排除不选。例如：

【例9】作为整体，中国在世界上举足轻重;但作为个人，不少中国人还觉得自己一无所有。国家之强和个人之弱使一些人心理失衡，觉得自己活得还是像在半殖民地时代受人家欺负的受害者。正因如此，我们更需要对自己生存的状况有理性认识，克服狭隘的“受害者情结”。否则，崛起的中国将难以担当与自己的国际地位相称的责任。

这段话谈论的核心意思是：

A.中国急需提高国民的个人地位 B.中国人需要调整自己的心理状态

C.中国人为什么有“受害者情结” D.崛起的中国要承担相应的国际地位

【答案】B

【解析】文段的主题句是“我们更需要对自己生存的状况有理性认识，克服狭隘的„受害者情结‟”。“否则”后是反面论证，是为了证明前面的观点，正确答案为B。

十、援引之后要看，援引本身可不看

援引就是我们通常所说的引用。援引是为了引出观点或证明观点，包括正向援引和反向援引两类。正向援引指作者的观点与援引的观点基本一致;反向援引即作者的观点与援引的观点背道而驰。援引作为一种辅证手段，本身不重要，作者的观点才是重要的。“人们通常认为”、“一般认为”、“有人认为”通常是错误的观点，可以不看。重点看援引之后正确的观点。例如：

【例10】人们通常认为，食入脂肪后，胆固醇增加，血脂升高，患胆石症和其他心脑血管概率增加，因此，为了自己的健康，特别是一些女性为了减肥，在生活中也就极力避免吃荤。不可否认，多吃素食、蔬菜水果等富含纤维的食物，的确对减肥有帮助。实际上，最近医学界对素食的研究证实，女性经常单一地食素，会对体内激素分泌造成破坏性影响，严重的甚至可能导致不孕。

这段话的主旨是：

A.吃素虽然对人体有害，但是可以防止胆石症和其他心脑血管疾病的发生

B.单一地吃素可能会导致不孕等症状的发生

C.男性长期单一地食素不会产生内分泌失调等症状

D.多吃素食有助于减肥

【答案】B

【解析】“多吃素食有助于减肥”是援引本身的观点，D为干扰项。作者观点在于强调女性吃素食的危害，正确答案为B。

这里总结出主旨概括题略看技巧，希望对广大考生复习言语理解与表达特别是主旨概括部分有所帮助。知识是融会贯通的，在做行测其他模块题目及申论材料阅读中，我们也可以灵活运用以上原则，提高解题速度与准确率。