第一篇：初中英语阅读理解专项练习
初中英语阅读理解专项练习
一、阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，选择正确答案（50分）
（A）
In learning English, one should first pay attention to（注意）listening and speaking.It is the groundwork of reading and writing.You'd better try your best to speak while you do much listening.Don't be afraid of making mistakes.But be careful not to let them stop you from improving（提高）your English.While you are doing this, a good way to write—keep a diary, write notes or letters, then if you can, ask some others to go through what you have written and tell you where it is wrong.Many mistakes in your speaking will be easily found when you write.Through correcting（改正）the mistakes, you can do better in learning English.If you are slow in speaking, don't worry.One of the helpful ways is reading, either aloud or to yourself.The important thing is to choose something interesting to read.It mustn't be too difficult for you.When you are reading in this way, don't stop to look up the words if you can guess their meanings when they have nothing important to do with the sentence.You can do that some other time.1.For the beginners, listening and speaking is ________.（）
A.more important than reading and writing
B.not so important as reading and writing C.as important as reading and writing
D.not so useful in learning English 2.When you are speaking, ________.（）
A.you should make any mistakes
B.you must speak slowly C.it doesn't matter if you make any mistakes
D.you had better take a dictionary with you 3.One of the good way to find your mistakes in your speaking is to ________.（）A.speak as much as possible
B.write notes or letters C.ask some Americans to speak with you
D.read more English books 4.If you want to be fast in speaking, you should choose something ________.（）A.difficult to read aloud
B.easy to read to yourself C.interesting to read to yourself
D.important to read aloud 5.In reading, if you meet a new word which has something important to do with the sentence, you'd better________.（）
A.stop to look it up
B.not look it up and just go on reading C.stop reading at once
D.not stop to look it up
（B）
The world is not hungry, but it is thirsty.It seems strange that nearly 3/4 of the earth is covered with water while we say we are short of（短缺）water.Why? Because about 97 of water on the earth is sea water which we can't drink or use for watering plants directly.Man can only drink and use the 3—the water that comes from rivers and lakes.And we can't even use all of that, because some of it has been polluted（污染）.Now more water is needed.The problem is: Can we avoid（避免）a serious water shortage later on? Firstly, we should all learn how to save water.Secondly, we should find out the ways to reuse it.Scientists have always been making study in this field.Today, in most large cities water is used only once and then runs to the sea or rivers.But it can be used again.Even if（即使）every large city reused its water, still there would not be enough.What could people turn to next?
The sea seems to have the best answer.There is a lot of water in the sea.All that needs to be done is to get the salt out of the sea water.This is expensive, but it's already in use in many parts of the world.Scientists are trying to find a cheaper way of doing it.So you see, if we can find a way out, we'll be in no danger of drying up.1.The world is thirsty because ________.（）
A.3/4 of the earth is covered with water
B.we have enough sea water to use directly C.we haven't used all the water in rivers and lakes D.about 97 of water on the earth can't be drunk or for watering plants directly 2.Which of the following is true?（）
A.3 water on the earth is in rivers and lakes.B.75 of water on the earth is in the sea.C.97 of the earth is covered with water.D.3 of water on the earth is sea water.3.From the passage we learn ________（）
A.if every city reuses its water, we'll be in no danger of drying up B.man can only drink and use about 25 of the water on the earth C.today in most large cities water is used only once D.water can be used only once 4.To avoid the serious water shortage, which of the following is the most important?（）A.Save water and try to make good use of the water in rivers and lakes.B.Don't pollute water and keep all rivers and lakes clean.C.Make dirty water clean and then reuse it.D.Try to find a cheaper way to get the salt out of the sea water.5.The name of the passage should be“________”.（）A.The Sea Water
B.How to Save Water C.The Thirsty World
D.The Polluted Water
（C）
A young man came to the great artist Da Vinci（达·芬奇）.He wanted to learn drawing.Da Vinci gave him an egg to draw.The young man worked quickly and showed it to the artist.“Draw it again,” said Da Vinci.The young man drew another egg, but Da Vincia asked him to do it again and again.The young man felt unhappy.“I can finish drawing an egg in two minutes.Why do you keep me waiting? Please teach me how to draw.”
Da Vinci smiled and said, “Yes, you can.But it takes years to draw a perfect（完美的）egg.” 1.Da Vinci was one of the greatest ________.（）
A.Students
B.Artists
C.Teachers
D.professors 2.The young man wanted ________.（）
A.to draw eggs
B.to draw perfect eggs
C.to see Da Vinci
D.to learn drawing 3.How many eggs did the young man draw?（）
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.many 4.Da Vinci ________ the young man.（）A.was strict with
B.was satisfied with C.was interested in
D.gets on well with 5.Which one of the statement is true?（）A.The young man liked to draw eggs.B.Da Vinci liked eggs.C.The young man learned drawing very quickly.D.It's hard to draw a perfect egg.（D）
News 1
Have you ever thought of being able to fly around the world in a few hours? One day, maybe you can.Last Saturday, the American X-43A airplane made its first flight（飞行）.It reached a speed（速度）of 8000 kilometres per hour.This makes it the fastest plane in the world.X-43A is only three to four metres long, but it's very heavy: it weighs 1270 kilogrammes.News 2
Have you ever got angry at books that are full of mistakes? Don't worry, things will get better soon.Last week, China started checking（检查）textbooks, dictionaries and children's books all over the country.The government said the results of the check would come out at the end of June.News 3
There will be a new “star” in the sky soon.China plans to send a satellite（卫量）into space by December 2006.It will stay in space for one year.It will go around the moon and take pictures.It must be very expensive, right? That's for sure—1.4 billion yuan!News 4
Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, won the World Food Prize（世界粮食奖）on Monday.Yuan developed the world's first popular and widely known hybrid rice（杂交水稻）.Hybrid rice plants can make more rice than regular（普通的）ones.1.Match the news with the correct titles（）News 1 New Star for China News 2 No more mistakes News 3 Father of new rice News 4 World's fastest plane 2.The speed of the fastest plane in the world is ________.（）A.1270 kilometres per hour
B.8000 kilometres per hour C.43 kilometres per minute
D.1.4 kilometres per second 3.The checking of textbooks, dictionaries and children's books will ________.（）
A.make sure there are no mistakes in them
B.make sure the books are not too expensive C.make the children sad
D.cost a lot of money 4.Which of the following statements（说法）about the new star is not true?（）A.It will go into space by December 2006.B.It will stay in space for two years.C.It costs a lot.D.It will go around the moon.5.Yuan Longping won the World Food Prize because ________.（）A.he is the father of his children
B.he likes to eat hybrid rice C.he developed the world's first popular and widely grown hybrid rice D.he grows more rice than others
（E）
Rice is a big part of Chinese life.In the past, people greeted each other by saying “Have you had your rice?” Some people still say it today.The rice-growing season is different from north to south in this big country.In northern China, the season is from May or June until August or September.Near the Yangtze River, rice is planted from April to June and harvested from August to October.In China's southeast, early(March to July)and late(June to November)rice harvests are both very big.China is the world's largest rice-growing country.In 2003, China grew 166 million tons of rice.But it is not easy to feed the world's largest population.In the 1960s, thousands of Chinese died because they had no food to eat.In the 1970s, a Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, grew a new kind of rice called hybrid rice.It makes 20 per cent more rice than other types of rice.Hybrid rice is a stronger plant, compared with common rice.It can grow in lots of water or in not much water.It also doesn't easily get diseases or worms.Today, half of China's rice plants are Yuan's special hybrid.China uses Yuan's hybrid to grow much more rice than before.Yuan is known as the “father of hybrid rice.” At the end of last month, he won the World Food Prize for his work to help feed so many people.1.In the past, Chinese people greeted each other by saying “________?”（）
A.How are you
B.How old are you
C.Have you had your rice
D.Where are you going 2.“China is the world's largest rice-growing country” means ________.（）A.China's rice is bigger than other countries' rice
B.China is a big country C.China is becoming bigger
D.China grows more rice than any other country 3.Hybrid rice is special because ________.（）
A.it makes more rice than other types of rice B.it can grow in lots of water or not much water C.it doesn't easily get diseases or worms
D.A,B and C 4.Yuan Longping is famous because he ________.（）A.grows the most rice
B.eats lots of rice C.invented hybrid rice
D.greets a lot of people every day 5.The best title for this passage is ________.（）
A.Rice-growing in China
B.The Father of Hybrid Rice C.How to Grow Rice
D.Rice Harvesting
二、根据短文，判断正误。对的写“T”，错的写“F”（20分）（A）
Men always wanted to fly.For thousands of years they watched birds flying and wished that they could fly too.At first they made wings like birds.Then they jumped off high buildings and tried to fly.Many men did this, but they all failed to fly.They crashed to the ground.Then two brothers tried another way.They built a balloon.It was made of thin cloth and paper.They lit a fire under it.Up into the air it went.It reached a height of 1800 metres.A few months later, the brothers sent up another balloon with a sheep, a duck and a hen in a basket under it.The balloon traveled to a place two and a half kilometers away.In October 1783 a man went up with a balloon but it didn't rise very high.A month later two men went up in a balloon full of hot air.The balloon rose to a height of 900 metres.The wind blew it along for nine kilometers.Then it came gently back to the earth.Men had traveled through the air for the first time.1.Long, long ago men wanted to fly like birds.（）
2.No men tried another way and went up through the air at last.（）
3.In November 1783 two men went up in a balloon for the first time.（）
4.A balloon with a basket under it went up farther than two men in a balloon full of air.（）5.The wind could help the balloon rise higher.（）（B）
Helen and Mary were good friends.They often went out together in the evening.One evening after they had walked part of the way home together, they had to say goodbye, because their homes were in different directions.“Be careful on your way home,” Mary said to Helen.“I would be happier if our houses were nearer.” “Me too,” answered Helen.The streets were very quiet at that time of the evening.The next morning Helen and Mary met at an English class, and Helen said to Mary, “Do you know what happened to me after I left you yesterday evening?”
“No,” answered Mary anxiously.“What happened to you?”
“Well,” Helen said, “while I was walking home along that quiet street near my home, a robber came up behind me and pulled my necklace off my neck and ran away with it.”
“What are you going to do now? Have you been to the police?”
“No,” Helen said with a smile.“Why not?” ask Mary in surprise.“Because,” Helen answered , “when the man pulled my necklace, I turned round suddenly and put my hand out to try to stop him.I caught a chain, which he was wearing round his neck, and pulled it off him.My necklace is a cheap one.It was not real silver, but this chain is made of real gold!If I went to the police, I might have to give it to them.”
1.The girls walked all the way home together because the streets were very quiet at that time.（）
2.They wished they hadn't lived far away from each other.（）3.The next day Mary met Helen in the street again.（）4.Mary told Helen what had happened the day before.（）5.A man robbed Helen of the necklace on her way home.三、阅读下面短文，然后在短文后的空白处写出各单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母已给出（本题共30分，每小题1.5分）（A）
Weekend homework s ________(1)be abolished（取消）.Five days in school is e ________.(2)for the students who have many other i ________(3).With too much homework for Saturday and Sunday, how can they f ________(4)time to help around the house, take part in（参加）a football or basketball game or go to see a film, or j ________(5)in a family get-together;or just do nothing to relax（放松精神）?
The fact is, there are so m ________(6)interesting games appealing to（吸引）them that weekend homework is usually put off u ________(7)Sunday night.As a result some students d ________(8)their weekend homework so poorly that on Monday teachers got so a ________(9)with them as to fall them the whole classes.If there were no h ________(10)to hunt weekend, students would go to school on Monday well rested and willing to work hard.Teachers, don't you agree?（B）
On Sunday, Mark decided to go sailing in his boat with his friend Dan, but Dan happened to be away.Dan's brother John wanted to go i __1__, though he did not know anything about sailing.Mark a __2__, and they set out to sea.Soon they found themselves in a thick fog.Mark was sure they would be h __3__ by a big ship.Luckily he saw a large buoy（浮标）through the fog and decided to tie the boat to it for safety.As he was getting onto the buoy, however, he d __4__ the wet rope（绳）.The boat moved away in the fog carrying John, who did not know how to use the r __5__.He drifted（漂流）about and was not seen until twelve hours later.Mark spent the n __6__ on the buoy.In the early morning he fell asleep and was h __7__ a bad dream when a shout woke him up.A ship, the Good Hope, came up and be climbed onto it and t __8__ the captain.The captain told him that John had been saved by a __9__ ship and the ship's captain had sent out a message.“W __10__ the message, I would not have found you on the buoy.” he said.参考答案
一、(A.)1～5 ACBCA(B)1～5 DACDC(C)1～5 BDBAD
(D)1.News 1—World's fastest plane
News 2—No more mistakes
News 3—New star for China
News 4—Father of new rice
2～5 BABC
(E)1～5 CDDCA
二、(A)1～5 TFFFF(B)1～5 FTFFT
三、A.1.should 2.enough 3.interests 4.find 5.join 6.many 7.until 8.did 9.angry 10.homework
B.1.instead 2.agreed 3.hit 4.dropped 5.radio 6.night
7.having
8.thanked
9.another 10.Without
第二篇：初中英语专项练习78
1）The nurse won't leave her patients
she's sure they are all taken good care of．（）[A]．unless [B]．because [C]．since [D]．if [考点] 从属连词．
[分析] 这个护士不会离开她的病人，除非她相信他们都得到了很好的照顾． [解答] 答案：A
观察句子的结构结合选项可知空处缺少连词的连接；根据前后句的时态主句为一般现在时，从句为一般现在时，符合条件状语从句的用法；结合前后句的意义：主句为The nurse won't leave her patients（这个护士不会离开她的病人）从句为she's sure they are all taken good care of（她相信他们都得到了很好的照顾）可知后句是前句的否定条件句意才连贯，结合选项，unless是从属连词，引导条件状语从句，含有否定意义，相当于if条件状语从句的否定形式．所以unless=if not，所以此句也可理解为“如果护士不相信病人得到很好的照顾，就不会离开她的病人”．所以用unless表除非，如果不．故选：A [点评] 此题考查连词的用法．在熟悉各个连词用法及意义的基础上，结合主从句的逻辑关系选择出正确的连词．
2）A good friend is someone you
share your pleasure and pain with．（）[A]．ought [B]．need [C]．can [D]．must [考点] 情态动词．
[分析] 好朋友就是你能够与他分享快乐和伤痛的人． [解答] 答案为C 根据句意，需表达的意思是“能够”，选项中A ought 应该，B need 需要，C can能够，Dmust 必须，一定，因此答案为[C]．
[点评] 结合句意以及情态动词所表达的意思，得出正确答案
3）Last week Vivian
a dress for her mother with her first-month salary．（）[A]．buy [B]．bought [C]．will buy [D]．would buy [考点] 一般过去时．
[分析] 上个月Vivian用她第一个月的工资给她妈妈买了件连衣裙． [解答] 答案为B 此处抓住时间状语last week，可知用一般过去时，buy的过去式为bought．故答案为[B]． [点评] 了解一般过去时的使用意义，描述过去发生的一个动作，注意一般过去时的使用中常见的时间状语．
4）After she finished
the story，Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper．（）[A]．read [B]．reads [C]．to read [D]．reading [考点] 实义动词的现在分词．
[分析] 当她读完故事以后，Alice为她的校报写了一篇读后感． [解答] 答案为D 本题考查固定短语finish doing sth，表示结束做某事．
后一句是Alice写了一篇读后感，表示是做另一件事，after为时间介词，引导的句子做时间状语，因此可推知是结束了做某事之后，应该为finish doing sth． [点评]平时需注意固定短语的积累，在考试时能快速得出答案．
5）I can't tell you what she sai[D]．I've promised
it a secret．（）[A]．keep [B]．to keep [C]．keeping [D]．kept [考点] 不定式．
[分析] 我不能告诉你她说了什么．我保证过保守秘密． [解答] 答案为B 此处考查动词短语promise to do sth，保证做某事，promise后接不定式，故答案为[B]． [点评]平时需积累常见的动词短语，在考试时，可以快速得出答案． 6）The twins
fond of the new idea in the magazine article．（）[A]．be [B]．am [C]．is [D]．are [考点] 系动词；谓语．
[分析] 这个双胞胎很喜欢这份艺术杂志上的新点子． [解答] 答案为D 此处考查主谓一致．主语为the twins，表示双胞胎，是两个人，为复数，因此谓语的系动词为are．
[点评] 考生需了解一些表示复数的名词，正确搭配名词后面的系动词． 7）
wonderful speech Emma gave at the UN conference!（）[A]．How [B]．What [C]．What a [D]．What an [考点] 感叹句．
[分析] 艾玛在联合国会议的演讲真让人称赞！[解答] 答案为C 本句为感叹句句式．感叹句格式为How+形容词+a/an+名词+陈述语序，How+形容词或副词+陈述语序，What+名词+陈述语序，What+a/an+形容词+名词+陈述语序．此处wonderful为形容词，speech为可数名词，wonderful的首音素为/w/为辅音音素，故用a； Emma gave„为陈述语序．因此需采用What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序的句式，答案为[C]．
[点评] 感叹句句式：①How+形容词+a+名词+陈述语序；②How+形容词或副词+陈述语序；③What+名词+陈述语序；④What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序． 感叹句句式how和what开头的区分主要在于，how后面加形容词/副词，what后面加名词．像句式①，a+名词+陈述语序 这部分都可以看做是一个名词短语，可以缩写成How+形容词+名词短语；结合句式②，可总结出how后面加形容词/副词； what后面加名词，像句式④里的“a+形容词+名词”相当于一个名词短语，结合句式③可总结出，what后面加名词！因此，可以总结，How+形容词/副词+名词短语！What+名词短语！8）-Excuse
me，where
is
the
Moonlight
Hotel ？-打扰一下，月光宾馆在哪里？-
．（）
A ．That's
all
right
B ．Never
mind C ．You're
welcome
D ．Enjoy
your
time [考点] 常用日常交际用语．
[分析]艺术节马上就要到了．我们打算去观看话剧《第十二夜》．祝你们过得愉快． [解答] 答案：D 根据各个选项的意思A、That's
all
right
没关系；B、Never
mind
不要紧，不用担心，没关系；C、You're
welcome
不客气，不用谢，别客气；D、Enjoy
your time，字面意思是享受（属于）您的时间
通常是祝人玩得开心，玩得愉快．结合上文The
Art
Festival
is
coming．We're
going
to
watch
the
play
Twelfth
Night ．可知艺术节马上就要到了．对方打算去观看话剧《第十二夜》．故下文要向对方表达一个美好祝愿，祝愿对方享受这美好时光，即“祝你们过得愉快（Enjoy
your
time）”，故选D [点评] 本题考查日常交际用语，对于交际英语试题，最好的办法是运用“情景对照法”．首先设身处地地对照语境，理解英语的惯用法．然后要牢牢记住常见语境中的典型对话及其确切含义．例如本题中That's
all
right
意为“没关系”用于回答别人的道歉等． You're
welcome
意为“不客气，不用谢，别客气”用于回答别人的感谢； Enjoy
your
time 通常是祝人玩得开心，玩得愉快 II第二部分语法知识点
（一）动词词形变化一览表：(1)规则动词变化表： 规则变化 原形动词结尾情况 现在时单三人称 现 在 分 词 过去式和过去分词 一般情况 +s +ing +ed s,x,ch,sh,o结尾 +es +ing +ed 辅音字母+y结尾 y→i,+es +ing y→i,+ed 重读闭音节一元一辅结尾 +s 双写辅音字母,+ing 双写辅音字母,+ed 不发音的e结尾 +s 去掉e,+ing +d ie结尾 +s ie→y,+ing +d 不规则变化 have→has；be→is(无)
(见不规则动词变化表)注意：①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。
②s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[z]；在[ s ]、[ F]、[z]、[tF]、[dV]后读[iz].③ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[d]；在[t]、[d]后读[id].(2)不规则动词变化表：(原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词)be(am,is)
was been lose lost lost be(are)were been make made made beat beat beaten may might
become became become mean meant meant begin began begun meet met met blow blew blown mistake mistook mistaken break broke broken must must
bring brought brought pay paid paid build built built put put put buy bought bought read read Read can could
ride rode ridden catch caught caught ring rang rung choose chose chosen rise rose risen come came come run ran run cost cost cost say said said cut cut cut see saw seen dig dug dug sell sold sold do did done send sent sent drawdrewdrawn set set set drink drank drunk shall should
drive drove driven shine shone shone eat ate eaten show showed shown fall fell fallen shut shut shut feel felt felt sing sang sung find found found sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken fly flew flown sit set set forget forgot forgot/forgotten sleep slept slept freeze froze frozen smell smelt smelt get got got speak spoke spoken give gave given spend spent spent go went gone spill spilt spilt grow grewgrown spoil spoilt spoilt hang hung/hanged hung/hanged stand stood stood have(has)had had sweep swept swept hear heard heard swim swam swum hide hid hidden take took taken hit hit hit teach taught taught hold held held tell told told hurt hurt hurt think thought thought keep kept kept throw threw thrown know knew known understand understood understood lay laid laid wake woke/waked woken/waked learnlearnt/learned learnt/learned wear woreworn leave left left will would
lend lent lent win won won let let let write wrote witten lie lay lain
III综合
run有跑;行驶;运转;运营;持续;蔓延;传播等意思 run的用法大全：
run的用法1：run的基本意思是“跑”“移动”,指人、动物或车辆以一定速度前进或移动,引申可表示“(使)流动”,指水流、血液或眼泪比较湍急、源源不断地在一段时间内流淌。用在日常非正式场合时,还可表示“操纵”“管理”,指使具体事物或企业按照人的意志进行或发展。引申可表示“延伸”“延续”等。
run的用法2：run主要用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词、代词或由that引导的从句作宾语,有时还可接双宾语,其间接宾语可转化成介词to或for的宾语。可用于被动结构。run用作不及物动词时其后可跟动词不定式作状语,不定式符号to有时可以省略。
run的用法3：run还可用作系动词,意思是“用”“达到”“变得”,常接形容词作表语。用于比赛时可接序数词,表示“跑第几名”。
run的用法4：run的现在进行时可表示按计划或安排、打算将要发生的动作,此时句中一般有表明将来的时间状语或特定的上下文。
run的用法5：run的过去式是ran,过去分词是run。
run的用法6：run作“管理”解时是非正式用语,正式场合应该用operate或manage。run的常用短语： run about(v.+adv.)run across1(v.+adv.)run across2(v.+prep.)run after(v.+prep.)run against(v.+prep.)run along1(v.+adv.)run along2(v.+prep.)run around(v.+adv.)run at(v.+prep.)run away(v.+adv.)run away/off with(v.+adv.+prep.)run back(v.+adv.)run back over(v.+adv.+prep.)run down1(v.+adv.)run down2(v.+prep.)run for(v.+prep.)run in(v.+adv.)run into(v.+prep.)run off1(v.+adv.)run off2(v.+prep.)run on1(v.+adv.)run on2(v.+prep.)run out(v.+adv.)run的用法例句：
1.The ballot was re-run on Mr Todd's insistence after accusations of malpractice.因被控舞弊，在托德先生的坚持下重新进行了投票。
2.The President's speeches are regularly reproduced verbatim in the state-runnewspapers.总统的讲话通常会被一字不差地刊登在国有报纸上。3.Perot hoped to run another series of campaign infomercials.佩罗期待着新一轮的竞选宣传节目的播出。
4.There will be a run-off between these two candidates on December 9th.12月9日将举行这两位候选人的决胜选举。5.If unused, winter radishes run to seed in spring.如果不去动的话，冬萝卜会在春天开花结籽。6.The rage in his eyes made her blood run cold.他眼中的怒火吓得她汗毛倒竖。
7.I learned a lot from him about how to run a band.我从他那里学到了许多关于经营乐队方面的东西.8.You feel an animal panic to run and hide.你会感到一种本能的恐惧而想要去逃避。
9.His opponents believe he is definitely on the run.对手认为他必败无疑。
10.Fifteen-year-old Danny is on the run from a local authority home.15岁的丹尼从地方当局的收容所逃跑了。
11.A particular source of contention is plans to privatise state-run companies.发生争执的一个根源就是国营公司的私有化方案。
12.I'll run over to Short Mountain and check on Mrs Adams.我会开车去肖特山看看亚当斯夫人。
13.The infantry would use hit and run tactics to slow attacking forces.步兵团可能会使用打了就跑的战术来阻滞进攻部队。14.In the long run, it was for the best.长远来说，这是最好的。
15.The bank must be run in a cost-effective way.银行的经营必须追求成本效益。
（二）疑问代词WHICH与WHAT的用法区别
which与what作疑问代词时，均可对人或事物发问。但用法上有区别。
一、which一般用于从已知或有限范围内的人或事物作出选择的场合，也就是说，其选择对象的范围有一定限制；而what一般用于从未知或无限范围内的人或事物作出选择的场合，也就是说，其选择对象的范围无一定限制。例如： Which parent loves you better?
父母中，哪个更疼你？（已知或有限范围）What books do you like reading?
你喜欢读什么书？（未知或无限范围）Which color is your cap —— red, green or yellow?
你的帽子是那种颜色的——红的、绿的或黄的？（已知或有限范围）What color is the flower?
这朵花儿是什么颜色的？（未知或无限范围）Which were you angry with —— Tom, Mary or Jack?
你刚才生谁的气——汤姆、玛丽或杰克？（已知或有限范围）What is your father?
你父亲是干什么的？（未知或无限范围）
二、但在实际生活中，what也可见用于从已知或有限的范围内作出选择的个别场合。例如： What/Which season is the best?
哪个季节最好？（已知或有限范围）What day of the week is it today?
今天星期几？（已知或有限范围）
三、针对人发问时，即使选择对象的范围是未知或无限的，人们有时似乎更倾向于用which，而少用what。例如：
Which（少用What）doctor will come next?
接下去，什么大夫要来？（未知或无限范围）
四、现代英语中，which才能后接of短语，而what则不能。例如： Which of you came to see me yesterday?
你们当中哪一位昨天来看我？
Which of the pictures were you drawing last night?
你昨晚在画的是这些图画当中的哪一幅？
上述两句，前句中的which不能用who取代，后句中的which不能用what取代
1）The nurse won't leave her patients
she's sure they are all taken good care of．（）A．unless [B]．because [C]．since [D]．if [考点] 从属连词．
[分析] 这个护士不会离开她的病人，除非她相信他们都得到了很好的照顾． [解答] 答案：A
观察句子的结构结合选项可知空处缺少连词的连接；根据前后句的时态主句为一般现在时，从句为一般现在时，符合条件状语从句的用法；结合前后句的意义：主句为The nurse won't leave her patients（这个护士不会离开她的病人）从句为she's sure they are all taken good care of（她相信他们都得到了很好的照顾）可知后句是前句的否定条件句意才连贯，结合选项，unless是从属连词，引导条件状语从句，含有否定意义，相当于if条件状语从句的否定形式．所以unless=if not，所以此句也可理解为“如果护士不相信病人得到很好的照顾，就不会离开她的病人”．所以用unless表除非，如果不．故选：A [点评] 此题考查连词的用法．在熟悉各个连词用法及意义的基础上，结合主从句的逻辑关系选择出正确的连词．
2）A good friend is someone you
share your pleasure and pain with．（）A．ought [B]．need [C]．can [D]．must [考点] 情态动词．
[分析] 好朋友就是你能够与他分享快乐和伤痛的人． [解答] 答案为C 根据句意，需表达的意思是“能够”，选项中A ought 应该，B need 需要，C can能够，Dmust 必须，一定，因此答案为[C]．
[点评] 结合句意以及情态动词所表达的意思，得出正确答案
3）Last week Vivian
a dress for her mother with her first-month salary．（）A．buy [B]．bought [C]．will buy [D]．would buy [考点] 一般过去时．
[分析] 上个月Vivian用她第一个月的工资给她妈妈买了件连衣裙． [解答] 答案为B 此处抓住时间状语last week，可知用一般过去时，buy的过去式为bought．故答案为[B]． [点评] 了解一般过去时的使用意义，描述过去发生的一个动作，注意一般过去时的使用中常见的时间状语．
4）After she finished
the story，Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper．（）A．read [B]．reads [C]．to read [D]．reading [考点] 实义动词的现在分词．
[分析] 当她读完故事以后，Alice为她的校报写了一篇读后感． [解答] 答案为D 本题考查固定短语finish doing sth，表示结束做某事．
后一句是Alice写了一篇读后感，表示是做另一件事，after为时间介词，引导的句子做时间状语，因此可推知是结束了做某事之后，应该为finish doing sth． [点评]平时需注意固定短语的积累，在考试时能快速得出答案．
5）I can't tell you what she sai[D]．I've promised
it a secret．（）A．keep [B]．to keep [C]．keeping [D]．kept [考点] 不定式．
[分析] 我不能告诉你她说了什么．我保证过保守秘密． [解答] 答案为B 此处考查动词短语promise to do sth，保证做某事，promise后接不定式，故答案为[B]． [点评]平时需积累常见的动词短语，在考试时，可以快速得出答案． 6）The twins
fond of the new idea in the magazine article．（）A．be [B]．am [C]．is [D]．are [考点] 系动词；谓语．
[分析] 这个双胞胎很喜欢这份艺术杂志上的新点子． [解答] 答案为D 此处考查主谓一致．主语为the twins，表示双胞胎，是两个人，为复数，因此谓语的系动词为are．
[点评] 考生需了解一些表示复数的名词，正确搭配名词后面的系动词． 7）
wonderful speech Emma gave at the UN conference!（）A．How [B]．What [C]．What a [D]．What an [考点] 感叹句．
[分析] 艾玛在联合国会议的演讲真让人称赞！[解答] 答案为C 本句为感叹句句式．感叹句格式为How+形容词+a/an+名词+陈述语序，How+形容词或副词+陈述语序，What+名词+陈述语序，What+a/an+形容词+名词+陈述语序．此处wonderful为形容词，speech为可数名词，wonderful的首音素为/w/为辅音音素，故用a； Emma gave„为陈述语序．因此需采用What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序的句式，答案为[C]．
[点评] 感叹句句式：①How+形容词+a+名词+陈述语序；②How+形容词或副词+陈述语序；③What+名词+陈述语序；④What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序． 感叹句句式how和what开头的区分主要在于，how后面加形容词/副词，what后面加名词．像句式①，a+名词+陈述语序 这部分都可以看做是一个名词短语，可以缩写成How+形容词+名词短语；结合句式②，可总结出how后面加形容词/副词； what后面加名词，像句式④里的“a+形容词+名词”相当于一个名词短语，结合句式③可总结出，what后面加名词！因此，可以总结，How+形容词/副词+名词短语！What+名词短语！8）-Excuse
me，where
is
the
Moonlight
Hotel ？-打扰一下，月光宾馆在哪里？-
．（）
A ．That's
all
right
B ．Never
mind C ．You're
welcome
D ．Enjoy
your
time [考点] 常用日常交际用语．
[分析]艺术节马上就要到了．我们打算去观看话剧《第十二夜》．祝你们过得愉快． [解答] 答案：D 根据各个选项的意思A、That's
all
right
没关系；B、Never
mind
不要紧，不用担心，没关系；C、You're
welcome
不客气，不用谢，别客气；D、Enjoy
your time，字面意思是享受（属于）您的时间
通常是祝人玩得开心，玩得愉快．结合上文The
Art
Festival
is
coming．We're
going
to
watch
the
play
Twelfth
Night ．可知艺术节马上就要到了．对方打算去观看话剧《第十二夜》．故下文要向对方表达一个美好祝愿，祝愿对方享受这美好时光，即“祝你们过得愉快（Enjoy
your
time）”，故选D [点评] 本题考查日常交际用语，对于交际英语试题，最好的办法是运用“情景对照法”．首先设身处地地对照语境，理解英语的惯用法．然后要牢牢记住常见语境中的典型对话及其确切含义．例如本题中That's
all
right
意为“没关系”用于回答别人的道歉等． You're
welcome
意为“不客气，不用谢，别客气”用于回答别人的感谢； Enjoy
your
time 通常是祝人玩得开心，玩得愉快
第三篇：小学语文阅读理解专项练习
小学语文阅读理解专项练习
一、敬重卑微
蚂蚁家族和和睦睦，忙忙碌碌，母蚁生儿，公蚁持家。他们在原野、荒滩上搬运食物，建设家园。想不到小小生灵，竟活得如此滋润，活得如此有秩序有意义。尤其令我震惊的是它们面对灾难时的行为。
当野火烧起来的时候，你知道蚂蚁是如何逃生的吗？
众多的蚂蚁迅速聚拢，抱成黑团，然后像雪球一样飞速滚动，逃离火海。
每读起这段文字，我就泪眼模糊，深为它们的行为所感动。我仿佛看见汹涌的火山在烧，一团黑风正沿着山脊流动：我仿佛听见噼哩啪啦的烧焦声，那是最外一层的蚂蚁用躯体开拓求生之路。
假如没有抱成团的智慧，假如没有最外一层的牺牲，渺小的蚂蚁家族绝对全军覆没。
生命的渺小、体力的（单薄 卑微 微薄）并没有什么可怕，甚至命运的（单薄 卑微 微薄）也不能决断什么，可怕的是看不到（单薄 卑微 微薄）的力量，忽视了内在的精神。
敬重卑微，使我把生命看得严肃，看得深刻，看的伟大而坚强。像一根细小的针，蚂蚁以他的精神穿过我的外表，刺痛我的灵魂。比起蚂蚁，我们有什么理由言渺小、说卑微？有什么理由自暴自弃、玩世不恭？
世上称得上伟大的东西，往往（）体积，（）精神。千里之堤，毁于蚁穴，这是卑微者的威严和挑战。
注释：卑微：地位低下而渺小。
玩世不恭：不把现实社会放在眼里，对什么事都采取不严肃的态度。
1、分用“√”把短文括号中的用得恰当的词语画出来：在第8自然段的括号里填上恰当的关联词。
2、“和睦”可重叠成“和和睦睦”，“忙碌”可重叠成“忙忙碌碌”这样重叠后，意思有什么不同？ “伟大”、“深刻”、“模糊”这三个词语中能这样重叠的词是。
3、比较下面两个句子，写出带点词语在句子中的作用。
（1）“想不到”
（2）“竟”
（3）两个“如此”
4联系短文内容理解句子，然后回答问题。（1）在第七自然段中共有两个问句。
第一个是反文句，改为陈述句为：
第二个也是反问句，这句话实际上是启发我们：（2）体会短文中的两个比喻句。
蚂蚁是黑的，雪是白的，在第三自然段中，作者为什么把“抱成黑团”的蚂蚁比作“雪球”？
在第七自然段中，作者把 比作了“一根细小的针”。
（3）文章的最后一句话运用了“千里之堤，溃于蚁穴”这个成语。这个成语的意思是：千里长的大堤，由于小小的一个蚂蚁洞而溃决。它常用来比喻。5读第四、五自然段，按要求回答问题。
（1）第四自然段中“每读起这段文字，我就泪眼模糊，深为它们的行为所感动”这句话于前文第 段相照应。
（2）第五自然段中，作者为什么说蚂蚁“抱成团”是一种“智慧”？（运用你已有的知识，结合短文内容回答）
（4）蚂蚁家庭“抱成团”逃离火海，避免全军覆灭的行为体现了这样两种精神：。
6、回答问题。
（1）“我”为什么要敬重卑微？（用文中的话回答。）（2）你最敬重卑微者的那一点，为什么？
二、有一天，一只老山羊爬山时把腿摔坏了，请毛驴把他背回家。毛驴向他要十斤山芋做报酬，老山羊只好一瘸一拐地走了。
过了一会儿，老山羊骑在牛大哥的背上缓缓走来，毛驴于是问：“牛哥，它出多少山芋请你背它？ “千斤“。
毛驴冷笑道：“十斤山芋还不干呢？千斤！你可别做梦了！”
牛大哥认真地说道：“不是我别做梦了，而是你别糊涂了！十斤山芋算得了什么？友谊的分量才重千斤呀！”
毛驴听了牛大哥的一席话，站在那扇了扇长长的耳朵，垂下头不好意思地走了。
1、给下面词中加点字选择正确的读音，在下面画横线。
毛驴(lǘ lú)山芋(yǜ hú)友谊（yí yì）
分（fēn fèn）量
耳朵(duō duo)
垂（chuí shuí）下头
2、给多音字组词。
bēi()
shān()背
扇
bèi()
shàn()
3、找出下列各词的近义词。缓缓――()友谊――（）
4、文中的“千斤”这句话是谁说的，请在（）里打“√”。
（1）、毛驴说的。（）
（2）、牛大哥说的。（）
（3）老山羊说的。（）
5、下面3个题目，那个可以做这篇故事的题目。请你选择一个，在（）里打“√”。
（1）毛驴和老山羊（）
（2）老山羊和牛大哥（）
（3）毛驴和牛大哥（）
6、毛驴听了牛大哥和话后“垂下头不好意思地走了”说明了什么？
7、读了这篇寓言故事，你最喜欢谁？为什么？
8、用文中的一句话，把下面的话补充完整。
这篇寓言故事告诉我们：
语文阅读题34：勇敢的卫士少先队员种的小树苗，已经长大成树。它们手拉手，肩并肩，挺威风地站在田野上，组成一道防风林，日夜为庄稼站岗放哨，微风吹过，树叶沙沙响，像对庄稼说：“你们快快长吧，我们保证做你们忠诚的卫士！”有一天，狂风呼叫着跑过来
要吹过田野
去毁坏庄稼
防风林挽（wǎn）起手臂
用身体挡住狂风
狂风发怒了
凶狠地说
快闪开
要不我就把你们连根拔掉
说着，它带着黄沙和石子，向防风林猛扑过来。防风林团结一心，打败了狂风一次次进攻。虽然有些枝叶被狂风吹落了，但整个防风林仍然生气勃勃。狂风不甘失败，叫暴雨来帮忙。暴雨带着洪水朝防风林冲过来，想把泥土冲走，让树木和庄稼淹死。对暴雨这一手，防风林早有准备。它们从小就把树根深深扎进土地，伸向四面八方，像钢筋一样，把泥土锁住。任凭暴雨多厉害，也没法把泥土冲走。后来，暴雨又去请旱魔王帮忙，想把庄稼渴死。可它没想到，每一棵树都像一部抽水机。树木用根去吸收地下水，再通过树叶蒸发出来，空气仍然是湿润的。敌人的阴谋全部失败了，你看，庄稼不是已经成熟了吗？微风中，饱满的麦穗正摇晃着脑袋，激动地说：“感谢你们，勇敢的卫士！”
1、写出下列词语的近义词。毁坏——（）
凶狠——（）
2、写出下列词语的反义词。失败——（）
成熟——（）
3、给第二自然段没加标点的地方加上标点符号。
4、用“
”在原文中画一个比喻句。用“——”画出一个反问句，并改写成陈述句。
5、用（）在原文上括出前后照应的句子。
6、短文写了防风林与
、、展开斗争。
7、读了短文后，你明白了什么道理？
团
今天，是个吃团的日子。团，圆溜溜的，唤起我对童年一段生活的回忆：一个夏天的晚上，妈妈洗完衣服就和我一起乘凉，她叫我猜个谜：“雪白一群鹅，客人来了赶下河。这是啥东西？”这个谜已猜过好几次哦，于是等她说完，我便脱口而出：“汤团”。“对，那么你知道吃团的意思吗？”她问。“因为它好吃呗。”我又脱口而出。“好吃的东西都叫团吗？”“团是用糯米粉搓的，圆圆的，白白的，里面有芝麻馅，猪油馅，甜甜的，好吃极了。妈妈，你今年过年一定要多搓几个，我要多吃几个。“ 好，””她答应道，接着又说，“你说团是圆的，那么你知道团圆是什么意思吗？”大概她知道我不能回答这个问题，因此，没等我张口就继续说：“团圆就是团聚的意思。比方说，你爸爸和我们在一起就叫团聚。过去穷人没有办法，为了生活，只好出门打短工，做长工，他们终年难回家，朝朝寄居他乡，暮暮思念故地。你还记得我给你讲过的李白的诗吗？”‘床前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。“记得。那是说李白”’宿在异乡，半夜醒来，猛然看到地上的白光，还以为是天冷落了霜，后来他抬头看见明月，就思念起自己的家乡来了。”我抢着说道。“是的。他们日夜思念故乡，但是，只能等年关将近，才能回到自己的家里来，为了庆贺一家人的团聚，所以就搓团吃……”我环视一下围着桌子吃团的一家人，往嘴里送进一个团，嚼了几下，顿觉甘甜满嘴。这时隔壁传来一曲悠扬的歌声：“卖汤圆，卖汤圆，圆圆的汤圆是圆又圆，吃了汤圆好团圆……”哎，这不正是台湾乡土歌曲《卖汤圆》？于是，我又想，这也正是台湾和大陆同胞的共同的愿望。我们伟大的母亲——祖国，不正在盼望着与她的儿子——台湾的同胞早日团圆吗？海峡两岸的同胞围坐在一起吃团的日子不远了！
1、给带点字选择正确的读音。（2%）乘凉（chéng
chèng）
脱口而出（tuō
tōu）
2、照样子，写词语。（3%）圆溜溜
3、在文中找出一对近义词。（2%）（）----（）
4、把下面的句子改成一般叙述。（3%）小明对妈妈说,今年过年让妈妈一定要多搓几个汤圆，他要多吃几个。”
5、读通短文，回答问题。（7+2+6）%（1）文中的“团”指的是（），它的颜色是（），样子是（），味道是（），馅是（）或（）。人们一般在（）时才吃。
（2）以前穷人吃“团”，表达了他们（），现在我们吃团，有一个共同愿望便是（）。
（3）文中李白的诗题是《
》，你课外还学到了他的哪些诗歌，请你写一首：
泣也是一种美丽
（20%）
曾记得幼时看的一部童话片：公主去邪恶的魔界寻找王子，历经种种磨难，最终找到王子时，不禁喜极而泣。晶莹的泪珠落地后，竟成为一颗璀璨的水晶，在黑暗中发出动人的流光。从此，便怎么也（）（望
忘）不掉那公主美丽的哭泣和撒落一地的光华。也许是幼时（）（印
影）象过于深刻，长大后的我总是小心翼翼地珍藏着每一次的哭泣，和一些关于哭泣的美丽的故事。可是，女友们却总是笑我无聊，说我好似一个还没长大的孩子，执迷于一个美丽的童话。我总是笑笑，却依旧做着我的搜集。我很想对她们说：“哭泣也是一种美丽。”可我久久不敢开口，我也很想告诉她们：哭泣不是件羞耻的事；泪眼里的世界才最美丽，如水晶般，不杂纤尘，流过泪的眼睛总是特别地清亮，胸怀总是特别地宽广；哭泣后的心情明朗而畅快，哭泣后的天空蓝得令人忍不住想去摸一下。可是我迟迟不敢说出。我知道，戴久了的面具已使她们不知如何用真实的面孔去面对这个世界，甚至这张面具成了她们的面孔，喜怒哀乐被隐藏了起来，虚伪已成为必要的手段，哭泣竟成了一种奢侈。可是，我的朋友，你不觉得生活中少了真实，少了那种自然的美丽吗？拿下这张面具吧！用你真实的心情去感触这个世界，该笑就笑，该哭就哭，在你哭泣之后，你会发现，其实，我所搜集的只不过是一个还不曾失落的美丽。我所执着的哭泣更是一种无言的美丽。
1、选择合适的字填在括号里。（2%）
2、从文中找出下列词语的反义词。（2%）光荣
（）
狭窄
（）
3、读通短文，完成练习。（6%）（1）从划线的词语中挑选三个词语，写出它的意思。词语
意思
词语
意思
词语
意思
（2）从划线的词语中挑选一个词语写一句话。（2%）
4、以下两题选做一题。（2%）
（1）长大后的我总是小心翼翼地珍藏着每一次的哭泣。缩句：
（2）你不觉得生活中少了真实，少了那种自然的美丽吗？改成陈述句：
5、作者为什么不敢把“哭泣也是一种美丽。”这句话说给女友们听？（2%）
6、“公主去邪恶的魔界寻找王子，历经种种磨难，最终找到了王子。”请发挥你的想象，写一写公主遇到的一种磨难。（字数不少于80字）（4%）
完善答案
一）胡夫金字塔高146米多，相当于40层高的摩天大厦。绕金字塔一周，差不多要走一公里的路程。塔身由231万块巨石砌成，这些石块平均每块重2.5吨。石块磨得很平整，石块与石块之间砌合得很紧密，几千年过去了，这些石块的接缝处连锋利的刀片都插不进去。
1.写反义词：平整（）紧密（）2.这段话介绍了胡夫金字塔 和 的特点。3.面对已有四五千年历史的金字塔，你一定浮想联翩，你会想到些什么呢？
（二）周围静得（奇怪 出奇）。路两边近百亩的竹林郁郁葱葱，与南段高大的人工刺槐林形成了（鲜明 明显）的对比。同伴忽然喊道：“灰椋鸟！”我翘首遥望西南方向，（果然 竟然）有许多黑点向这边移动——灰椋鸟开始归林了。
1． 将括号内用得不恰当的词画去。
2． 破折号一般有两种用法：①表示转折；②解释说明。文中的“ ”属第 种用法。
3． 文中“郁郁葱葱的竹林”和“高大的人工刺槐林”与灰椋鸟的生活有什么关系？对比，你有什么感想呢？把它写下来。
（四）从月球到地球需要飞行75小时50分钟。在这段时间里，宇航员们可以轮番工作、吃饭和休息。他们睡觉的样子和吃饭的方式很特别。（）失重(zhòng chóng)的缘故，座舱里没有上下左右和正反之分，（）他们可以飘在空中睡，也可以头朝下、脚朝上悬着睡。他们吃的“饭“是特制的。吃的时候，先要把食品放在塑料袋里，再灌进水，把食品捏成糊（hù hú），然后像挤牙膏似（shì sì）的把食物挤进嘴里。（）是吃花生米一类的硬颗粒状食物，（）要让它们漂浮到空中，然后像鱼儿觅食一样在空中捕捉。
1． 给文中加点的字画去不正确的读音。2． 在文中括号里填上恰当的关联词。
3． 找出文中表示先后顺序的词，再用上这些词写一段话。
4．这段话的段意是：。
（五）怎样才能卓有成效地合作呢？你一定在音乐厅或电视里看到过交响乐团的演奏爸，这可算得上是人与人合作的典范呢了。你瞧，指挥家轻轻一扬手里的指挥棒，悠扬的乐曲便从乐师的嘴唇边、指缝里倾泻出来，流向天宇，也流进人们的心田。是什么力量使上百位乐师，数十种不同的乐器合作得这样完美和谐？我想，这主要是依靠高度统一的团体目标和为了实现这个目标每个人必须具有的协作精神。
1.写出下列词的近义词。典范（）倾泻（）和谐（）2.在括号里填写合适的词。
（）的乐曲
（）的力量（）的目标（）的精神 3.说说文中两个问句的作用。
4.从这个事例中，你明白了什么？
（六）科学家发现（）海洋是个聚宝盆（）它蕴藏（cang zang）着丰富的石油（）天然气（）煤（）铁（）铜（）锡（）锰（）硫等（）目前陆地上的煤、石油等矿藏（zàng càng），由于长期开采，已越来越少，世界上许多地方都在闹“能源危机”。为了解决这个问题，人类便把目光转向海洋，致力于海洋矿产资源的开发。如今，一座座海洋石油平台已（矗立 屹立 耸立）在海涛之中，一艘艘海洋考察船已驶向大洋深处，新近的海洋探测器已潜入深海大显神威
阅读短文，然后做题（8分）
第二天上午，皮埃尔醒来时，发现自己躺在医院的病床上。他急急要来一张报纸，仔细读着这样一条最新消息：昨天晚上11时57分，在圣但尼港东南约75海里处发生了里氏5.2级地震，地震引起了海啸。所幸的是没有发生船只损坏和人员伤亡。“谢天谢地，”皮埃 尔自言自语，“克勒松，现在你可以安息了……”
1、这段课文中的“他”是指，“你”是指 ； “你”是“他”的。“安息”的意思是。
2、把“‘谢天谢地，’皮埃尔自言自语，‘克勒松，现在你可以安息了……’” 这句话改为提示语在最后的句子。
3、“自言自语”是什么意思？“他”这句话是对克勒松说的，为什么说是自言自语？
4、皮埃尔对克勒松说“你可以安息了……”省略号省略了什么，把省略的内容写出来。
他要感谢那只手
（1）感恩节的前夕，美国芝加哥的一家报纸编辑部向一位小学女教师约稿，希望得到一些家境贫寒的孩子画的图画，图画的内容是：他想感谢的东西。（2）孩子们高兴地在白纸上描画起来。女教师猜想这些贫民区的孩子们想要感谢的东西是很少的，可能大多数孩子会画上餐桌上的火鸡或冰淇淋等。（3）当小道格拉斯交上他的画时，她吃了一惊，他画的是一只手。
（4）是谁的手？这个抽象的表现使她迷惑不解。孩子们也纷纷猜测。一个说：“这准是上帝的手。”另一个说：“是农夫的手，因为农夫喂了火鸡。”
（5）女教师走到小道格拉斯 一个皮肤棕黑色 又瘦又小 头发卷曲的孩子桌前 弯腰低头问他 能告诉我你画的是谁的手吗
（6）这是你的手 老师 孩子小声答道
（7）她回想起来了，在放学后，她常常拉着他粘乎乎的小手，送这个孩子走一段。他家很穷，父亲常喝酒，母亲体弱多病，没有工作，小道格拉斯破旧的衣服总是脏兮兮的。当然，她也常拉别的孩子的手。可这只老师的手对小道格拉斯却有非凡的意义，他要感谢这只手。
（8）我们每个人都有要感谢的，其中（）有物质上的给予，（）还有精神上的支持，诸如得到了自信和机会。对很多给予者来说，也许，这种给予是微不足道的，可它的作用却难以估计。因此，我们每个人都应尽自己的所能，给予别人。
1、给第（5）、（6）自然段加上标点符号。（5分）
2、第（7）自然段中说：“可这只老师的手对小道格拉斯却有非凡的意义”，这里的“非凡的意义”指的是（不超过20个字）（2分）
3、在第（8）自然段中的括号里填上恰当的关联词。（2分）
4、从全文看，第（7）自然段的记叙顺序是（）；第（8）自然段的作用是（）。（2分）
5、这篇充满人情味的散文表达了一个极为明确的观点，这就是（2分）
6、假如给你一个同样的主题——我想感谢的东西，请你画一画，你会画什么？请用简笔画画下来，并用文字说明画的是什么？为什么？
阅读《碧螺春》中的一段话，完成有关练习。
（）说看制作碧螺春茶有一种新奇感觉的话，（），品尝碧螺春茶就更有一种陶醉的感受了。夕阳西下，明月初升。在院中摆上一张桌子，几个人团团围坐，取一套青花陶瓷茶具，倒上七八十度的温开水，然后分别放入一小撮碧螺春茶。茶叶如青螺入水，旋转着飞速下沉。这时叶芽伸展，茸毛轻舒，一旗一枪，嫩绿透亮，姿态极其动人。整个白瓷杯中，汤色碧绿清澈，清香扑鼻而来。轻轻抿上一口，清新爽人。茶水入肚，口中仍感到甜津津的，让人回味无穷。朋友相聚，品茶谈心，那份真诚的情谊随着浓郁的茶香飞溢四周……
1、在文中（）处填上合适的关联词。（2分）
2、用课文中的话来概括这一节所表达的意思：
3、这一节中用来反映碧螺春色香味的词有：
4、从这一段叙述来看，你觉得品尝碧螺春茶最大的乐趣是什么？
伞的故事
看见伞，我便想起了母亲，心里涌起了一种温暖的感觉…… 小时候，我们村里没有学校，要跑到八里外的镇上去上学。路途远，最怕遇上雨天。冷不丁半路上下起了大雨，便被浇?quot;落汤鸡“。那时候，我多么盼望有一把伞呀！有一回，放学的路上，我又淋了雨。回到家就病倒了，通身烧得滚烫滚烫的。娘摸着我的头，眼圈儿便红了，那时候我小，不懂事，竟不能体谅娘的难处，却说：“要有把伞就好了，咱买一把吧！”娘沉思良久 最后一字一句地说 买 咱买一把 听了娘的话，我半信半疑。那年月家里的生活十分jian nan，她哪能有钱给我买伞呢？可是，我知道娘的脾气，对孩子，她从来都是说一句是一句的。这天晚上，她早早地上了织布机，脚一蹬，手一搬，“哐里哐当”，满屋里便都是机声了。这一夜，我枕着机声入梦。一早醒来，机声还在响。啊，娘织了一夜布。我悄悄地走到娘跟前，chan dou地喊了一声：“娘！”娘用熬红的眼睛看着我，不自然地笑了笑。我的泪水夺眶而出，说：“娘，你别再熬夜了，我不要伞了！” 娘笑笑，说：“傻孩子，伞，咱还是要买的。娘多熬几夜就有了……” 终于有一天，娘割了布。从集市上卖布回来，娘一脸喜气。见了我，立即打开了印花bao fu，喜眉笑目的说：“去吧，你要的伞！” 啊，伞！我惊叫着，从娘手里接过伞来。这是一把八角黄油布伞。我撑开，合上，再撑开，再合上，举起来，拧动伞柄，让它在空中旋转。欣喜之余，我偶一抬头，望见了娘那带笑的黄油布似的脸，心里一酸，眼里涌出了泪水…… 从此，一把黄油布伞伴随我，从初中升高中，读大学，一直到参加工作。渐渐地，这把黄油布伞落伍了，我却舍不得扔掉它。我带着这把伞就仿佛母亲就在我身边，使我忘不了母亲和母亲对我的爱。
1、文中的拼音处是什么词语，仔细拼拼加上声调，并把这些词写在后面括号里。()（）（）
2、联系上下文解释下列词语。沉思良久： 欣喜之余：
3、给第四自然段加上标点符号。
4、“她哪有钱给我买伞呢？”这句话的意思是：
5、“我偶一抬头，望见了娘那带笑的黄油布似的脸，心里一酸，眼里涌出了泪水……这句话中”黄油布似的脸”说明()这句话表达了“我”.没有人喝彩的工作
有一天，我从学校里跑出来，流着泪，很（）地走回家。妈妈抱着弟弟，站在门口。弟弟向我招手，妈妈亲切地微笑着，欢迎我回来。但是，我那带着眼泪的脸，使妈妈很惊奇。她连忙拉着我的手，一边走进去，一边问我说：“为什么这般伤心？” 我一边抹（mā mǒ）着眼泪，一边呜呜咽咽地说：“妈妈，我想要做的事，老师总不让我做。”“呀！到底是什么事？”妈妈温和地问我。“学校开家长会……要演节目……但是老师不让我当主角（jiǎojué），却只要我在后台工……工作！那小龙平时很不爱文艺，这次反做了！”我呜呜咽咽，连话也说不清楚。妈妈伸出手来，要我看看她戴着的手表。“云，你看，这手表上面有些什么东西？”妈妈一面擦干我的眼泪，一面（）地问。“那是一块玻璃，两根指针。”我回答说。妈妈把弟弟放在一旁 脱下手表 把表壳打开 又问我说 你看里面是些什么 是小齿轮和螺丝 这时我完全忘记了我的伤心事 妈妈继续说：“当表的指针不走，或走得不准的时候，别人就会说‘这表是徒有外表’。可是怎样才能使它会走，并且走得准确呢？就得*这些小齿轮和螺丝，也就是这些别人看不到的部分。” 停了一会儿，妈妈又望着我（）地说：“这是没有人喝彩的工作，但却是重要的，而且是不能够没有的工作。”听了**的话，我（）。
1、画去文中不正确的读音。1%
2、从下列词语中选择恰当的词填在文中的括号里。2% 恍然大悟 意味深长 悲哀 伤心 温和 柔和
3、给第9、10自然段中缺少标点的地方加上标点符号。3%
4、读文中画“——”的句子，回答下列问题。4%（1）句中的“这”指的是什么？为什么说它“是重要的，而且是不能够没有的工作” ？
（2）现实生活中，像这样无人喝彩的工作还有很多，试举一例。
阅读短文，按要求答题
知了学飞
传说很早很早的时候□知了是不会飞的□它看见一只大雁在天空中自由地飞翔□十分羡慕□于是就要求大雁教它学飞□大雁很高兴地答应了□
学飞是件很艰苦的事。知了怕艰苦，一会儿东张西望，一会儿爬来爬去，学习很不认真。大雁给它讲飞的道理，它只听了几句，就又不耐烦地说：“知了！知了！”
大雁教给它飞的本领，它只试了几下，就又自满地嚷着：“知了！知了！”
秋天到了，大雁要飞到南方去啦。知了很想跟大雁一起展翅高飞，可是它用力扑腾着翅膀，还是没能飞离树梢。
这时候，知了眼望长空，大雁远飞。它真懊悔自已当初没有努力学习，可这时已经晚了，只好叹着气说：“迟了！迟了！”
1． 给短文第1自然段加上标点。2． 给短文分成三段，用11标在文中。3． 填空：
（1）知了学飞行的原因是自已不会飞，又十分羡慕大雁（）。知了在学飞行时因为（）（）所以想飞也没能飞离树梢。结果知了（）很懊悔。
（２）这个故事告诉我们要真正学会一种本领就必顺（）（）。
天堂的灯
2006年7月3日，星期一。
洛阳市浅井头中学特别批准：允许初一（2）班的女生胡艳艳来校上半天课。这是已经停学三年、患再生性贫血停治三个月、奄奄一息的胡艳艳最大的幸福了。
胡艳艳家穷，母亲早逝，她和捡破烂的父亲相依为命。艳艳9岁才上学，小学几年，她品学兼优，获得过市级和省级各类大奖28次。为了上学，她成了最苦累也最快乐的孩子。她必须抢课堂之外的所有时间干活，只为了能让爸爸每天多捡点垃圾。可惜，15岁时，胡艳艳患上了“再生障碍性贫血”。住院时，医生护士没能禁绝她在病床上继续她的学习，同学们来当“二传手”复述课业，老师们也每个星期轮番到病房为她补课，她是在医院的病床上读完了小学并考上了初中！她还发表过不少文学作品，最大的理想是“把自己的生命之火化作一篇篇温暖人间的诗文”。
家里太穷，社会各界捐助的钱，让她的生命在不断输血中延长了三年，已经算是奇迹了。几天前，一向坚强的胡艳艳哭了，她嘤嘤地说：“爸爸，我很想回学校上一堂课……”爸爸立即去学校。学校惊动了，校长当即就落泪，特意批准她上半天学！八个女生用手臂交织成特殊的“担架”，把胡艳艳架进了校园。到校，离上课还有十多分钟，每间教室都有欢迎她的队列，还有“艳艳你好”的彩旗！
一走进校园，每个人眼前的风景都有前所未有的新意——花坛、雕塑、操场、小果园，那棵有几百年历史的老树，还有图书室、教学楼、宿舍楼、教室。上课铃响了。看似正常中的震撼与悄然转变：人们都比往常认真了，亲近了，默契了。老师含泪的微笑，同学们端正的坐姿，就连校园清洁工也格外勤奋起来，一遍又一遍擦洗花坛的池壁栏杆！艳艳在靠前正中的位置坐好，笑着，但仍是没忍住，泪水撒在了桌面上——幸福的泪、疼痛的泪，留念的泪……
这节课，是老师特意安排的，艳艳最喜欢的作文课。老师在黑板上写下的作文题是：《今天》。同学们都含着泪在写，包括平日最讨厌作文的同学。“我有许多‘今天’没能做到最好。今天，我又回到学校了，这里是我的天堂……” 胡艳艳在本子上一字一字的写，很重很慢…… 胡艳艳的作文没有写完。她写的最后一行字是：我真想做一盏灯，挂在这人间天堂的上空……她晕倒了。
送医院后，由学校发起，一场来自四面八方的义捐又自发形成，但，艳艳生命的火焰已经燃至极限了。2006年7月7日，艳艳走了。但，她把天堂的灯留给了大家。（选自《杂文报》）
1.用简洁的语言概括这篇文章的主要内容。（2分）2为什么说艳艳流的泪是“幸福的泪、疼痛的泪，留念的泪……”，请结合文章，具体说说其中的原因。（3分）幸福： 疼痛： 留念：
3.联系全文内容，说说你对“我真想做一盏灯，挂在这人间天堂的上空”这句话的理解。（3分）4.假如你是艳艳的同学，或你的身边也有艳艳这样的同学，你会对他说些什么、做些什么？（3分）说的话： 做的事：
5.艳艳的生命之灯即将燃尽，却还坚持去上半天课，你怎么看待这件事。（4分）
答案1.胡艳艳虽然得了绝症但是仍旧勤奋的学习.2.幸福--胡艳艳回到了怀念已久的中学.疼痛--因为自己的病而使得自己无法来享受上学的快乐,以及父母与老师同学的关心 留念--自己对于学校,课本,人事物的留念..曾经熟悉无比的地方可能无法再看到 3.理解---知道了自己可能会离开这个世界...但是仍旧很眷恋这里的人事物.不想离开他们,只想远远的关注着.4.说的话--努力,你一定可以撑下去的~~！做的事--帮胡艳艳整理笔记,尽量将老师所说的复述给胡艳艳 5.明知道自己的身体状况不好,但是仍旧想要去看看曾经学习的地方,这让我感到..胡艳艳是多么的喜欢上学..只是希望可以和平常人一样..每天都去上学..但是因为身体的不允许..也只能够靠同学的笔记来学习..就算是生命之灯即将燃尽也想要再次坐在那熟悉的座位.
第四篇：初一英语专项练习阅读理解练习(二)
SBS阅读理解专项练习(一)
2007-5-6
(1)Jim goes to Tokyo.He wants to see his aunt.But when he walks out of the station, he can’t find his way.The city is now quite different.He sees a man outside a police station, so he goes up to ask him for help the man looks at him for a long time, then says, “I’m sorry, sir.I’m from another city.I’m standing here and want to find a policeman.He may tell you the way.”（）1.Jim goes to Tokyo ___.A to see his friend
B to see his father
C to see his classmate
D to see his aunt
（）2.He goes to Tokyo ___.A for the first time
B for the last time
C not for the first time D only one time（）3.The man ___.A works in Tokyo
B knows Jim
C doesn’t live in Tokyo D like the city（）4.The man ___.A doesn’t know the way
B answers at once C doesn’t want to answer D doesn’t like Jim（）5.The best title is “___”.A Going to London
B Seeing his aunt
C Seeing a policeman
D Asking the way
(2)On weekdays Mary gets __1__ at 5:30.She dresses, __2__ her face and does morning exercises.She __3__ breakfast at 6:30 and then she __4__ to school.She goes there __5__ bike.She gets __6__ school at about 7:15 every day.She doesn’t like to __7__ late.Classes begin __8__ 8:00.In class she listens __9__ the teachers carefully, and she works hard at __10__ lessons.She usually has bread and a glass of milk in __11__ middle of the day.Classes are __12__ at 4:30.After class she likes dancing and __13__.Sometimes she throws a frisbee(飞碟)__14__ her classmates.She gets home at 5:30.In the evening, her parents come __15__ from work.They have __16__ at 7:00.In the evening she does her __17__.Sometimes she __18__ TV or __19__ storybooks.She goes to bed at ten.Her school life __20__ interesting.1._____________ 2._____________
3._____________ 4._____________ 5._____________ 6._____________ 7._____________
8._____________ 9._____________ 10._____________ 11._____________ 12._____________ 13._____________ 14._____________ 15._____________ 16._____________ 17._____________ 18._____________ 19._____________ 20._____________
(3)My name is Chen Lan.My home is in Gulangyu.It is in Xiamen.It is near the sea.Culangyu is a small place, but it is very nice and clean.There are no cars, no buses or no bikes.People only walk.So it is very quiet.People go to visit Gulangyu by ship.Our house is in the middle of Gulangyu.Behind our house there is a big tree.My grandfather tells me that the tree is very, very old.There are many birds in the tree.We call it a “bird tree”.Our house is near the sea.The sea is big and blue.There are a lot of fish in the sea.After school, I go there and catch fish with my friends.It is very interesting.I like fish and I like catching fish.（）1.Gulangyu is an island.（）2.Chen Lan tells us a lot about her parents.（）3.There are no traffic in Gulangyu.（）4.Chen Lan always goes fishing alone.（）5.Chne Lan is from Xiamen.SBS阅读理解专项练习(一)
2007-5-6
(4)“Joe, you are a very old dog,” said policeman Fred.“Today is your birthday again.I remember you were 14 years old last year.But you are still the best police dog in the world!”
“ARF!ARF!” barked Joe.“You are welcome,” said Fred.“ Now let’s get your birthday dinner.Show me where you want to eat.Joe led Fred down the street.good smells came from all the eating places.But Joe walded on.At last he stopped at a small place.He smelled around the door.Then he pushed the door open.“Is this where you want to eat?” asked Fred.But Joe did not bark an answer.He put his nose to the floor and ran across the room.Then he jumped on a man at a table!“Good boy, Joe!” said Fred.Joe and Fred have looked for the robber for ten years.“And now you have found him!”
Joe and Fred took the robber to the police station.Then Fred said, “All right, Joe, you have done your work.Well done!Congratulations.Now do you want that birthday dinner?” “ARF!” barked Joe, “ARF!ARF!” “Let’s go,” said Fred.“I’m hungry, too.”
（）1.How old is Joe? A Fifteen.B Five.C Thirteen.D Fourteen.（）2.How many years have the police and Joe looked for the robber?
A 13.B 10.C 6.D 7.（）3.In the story, Joe says “ARF!ARF!” twice.The first time he means “____”.A Hello!How are you?
B Thank you.C Oh.No.I’m not a good dog.D I’m sorry to hear that.（）4 Fred wants to give Joe a dinner because ____.A it’s Joe’s birthday B today is Fred’s birthday C Fred found an eating place D Joe caught the robber（）5 Joe is great, isn’t he?
A Yes, he is.B No, he isn’t.C Yes, he isn’t.D No, he is.(5)Mary is an American schoolgirl.She is now in Beijing __1__ her parents.They are both teachers in Beijing colleges.Mary doesn’t know Chinese __2__, but she is __3__ to learn and speak it.She often tries to __4__Chinese to her Chinese friends.Sometimes they __5__ understand because she can’t speak Chinese well.It’s Sunday morning.Mary goes out.She is __6__ in the street.she is going to the zoo to see the birds and monkeys, __7__ she doesn’t know how to get there.She __8__ a Chinese boy.The boy can’t understand her, then she takes out a __9__ and some paper.She draws a mondey on a piece of paper and __10__ it to the boy.The boy smiles and then she shows Mary the way to the zoo.（）1.A with
B and
C or
D but（）2.A poor
B bad
C good
D well（）3.A tries
B trying
C try
D to try（）4.A tell
B talk
C say
D speak（）5.A do
B can
C don’t
D mustn’t（）6.A walks
B walking
C a walk
D walk（）7.A so
B then
C but
D or（）8.A asks
B questions
C says
D hears（）9.A book
B ruler
C note
D pen（）10 A reads
B writes
C shows
D thinks 根据短文内容判断正误。（正确的写T，错误的写F）（）1.Mary is an American girl.（）2 Mary knows little Chinese.（）3 Mary is going to the zoo to see the birds and monkeys by bus.（）4 Mary draws a panda on the piece of paper.（）5 The boy tells Mary how to get to the park.
第五篇：初中英语阅读理解和完形填空解题技巧及练习
一． 初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧
阅读理解也是中考英语题的必考题目之一，本题型旨在考查学生阅读，理解的能力，几年来，中考英语题中的阅读理解材料新，题材丰富，考查学生综合推断能力，根据语篇猜单词意思的能力的力度加大，也考查学生关注细节的能力。所以学生往往要么没能正确理解语篇中某些句子的意思，在细节题上丢分，要么就是对语篇的整体把握不够，在综合题或者推断题方面丢分。那么到底怎么做好阅读理解这一题型呢？我将从以下三个方面谈论这个问题：
一、解题思路
（一）先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。在读题的时候划出题目的关键词。
（二）快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。
（三）细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点： 1． 抓住四个“W”和一个“H”，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What(事件)，When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。
2．抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。3． 注意领会文章的寓意。
4．根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。常用的解题方法有如下几种：
① 直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。
② 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。
③ 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。
题干中有“suggest，conclude, conclusion, probably，reason, because, according to“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。
④ 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。
⑤ 同意转换法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。
⑥ 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。
四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。
二．阅读理解题型及解题技巧
从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。
做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。
（一）主旨题
此类题型用以考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。其中一类题型为主旨问题。
1、主旨大意题题干常见的问句形式
1)主旨句设问类型What is the main idea of this passage?What does the passage maily talk about?We can conclude / learn from the passage that ……
2)最佳标题选择类型The best title for this passage is ……
3)作者主旨意图类型What does the writer want to tell us?Which can express the purpose of the writer according to the passage?
2、主旨大意题的解题方法
主旨大意题一定要注意文章的首尾两段。如果首尾两段的主旨表达是一致的，那么文章的主旨便是两段重复表明的语句内容表达。找出选项中与归纳的主旨表达重复最多的选项即为最佳答案。如果首尾两段的主旨表达不一致，则需要观察文章的段落篇幅量是倾向于首段或是尾段，从而确定主旨段落。在此过程中，观察篇幅量只需跳读文章段落的首句尾句即可，无需细读段落内容，以节省时间。如果文章只有一段，则注意文章的首两句及尾句，然后用以上的方法确定主旨句。
此外，标题选择即为主旨句的压缩表达，注意抓住主旨句进行主要词汇的提炼，把一个句子提炼为几个关键词，即是对主旨大意进行概括归纳的标题。而作者意图表达必须通过归纳中心主题才能找到，通常体现为advise，convince，present，purpose，warn等。
（二）细节题
1、细节事实题题干常见的问句形式
1)True or NOT true 是非判断类型Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? Which of the following statements is NOT true? Which of the following is NOT considered as……? According to the passage，which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons for……? 2)特殊疑问词提问类型
How many……?What/who/when/where/how/why……?
3)排序题类型Which of the orders is correct according to the passage?
4)例证题类型The author gives the example in……paragraph in order to ……
5)表唯一细节概念题类型：……the most / ~est …………the only ……
2、细节事实题的解题方法：
做这类题的一般方法是先要找出题干或是选项中的关键字，一般为数字、大写或人名地名，再通过scanning快速确定该细节在文中的出处(信息源)，仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。
是非判断一般都遵循对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分，分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。一定要注意的是，要所答是所问，不要受到惯势思维的影响，习惯性地去选择正确的细节事实，切记要弄清问题，不要所答非所问。
例证题一定要注意以for example……，such as……等关键入手处，找出细节出处。排序题要先仔细观察选项，找出首尾相同的选项分组，进而通过具体细节信息比较进行排除和选择。唯一细节题一定要仔细审题，弄清题干所需。特别需要提醒的是，选项中出现有most(最高级)、the only(唯一)、all(所有)、none(全否)修饰的细节，都具有绝对性，选择判断时要慎选。
（三）推断题
此类题的关键是要注意原文出现的语句不是我们做出的推理判断，而是原文给出的细节信息，所以原文语句不能选。判断时对已知的事实仔细评价后做出的合理决定并非唯一决定，要对事实进行合乎情理的判断，有时还需借助常识进行判断。
推理判断题分两种，即对细节的推理和对主旨的推理。主要以We can infer / imply / learn from this passage that ……等进行提问。解决此类题要注意，一是与原文相同的细节不能选，二是文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断。解题过程中只要注意上述两点，再结合做细节和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判断题。
（四）猜测词义题
猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。
1.通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：
You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是”责备“。
2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于”行星“这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通过构词法猜词
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。
4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为”久旱“，”旱灾“。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。
5.通过句法功能来推测词义
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。
6.通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
A
With miles of beaches，sea and sunshine，Pattaya(芭堤雅)is one of the most popular places for visitors to Thailand．It provides many kinds of entertainment for both young people and the whole family．There is always something to do，any time，any weather，any day or night．
Orchid(兰化)Farms are a worthwhile visit and if you are thinking of taking some of these beautiful plants home，visit a day or two before you leave to make sure that you will have live plants when you get back．You can also get great orchids in a sealed(密封)bottle that will last as long as your memory．
Pattaya Elephant Village is another place that you can not miss in Pattaya．It is a good place to learn and understand how elephants have been linked into Thai life and history over the centuries．You can also take an elephant trek there．Show time allows the elephants to display their skills，such as playing football．
You can also feed a tiger at the Sriracha Tiger Zoo(斯里拉差龙虎园)．There you will learn more about tigers．You can take photos with them．You can also enjoy elephant and crocodile shows at the zoo．
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
()1．What is Pattaya famous for in Thailand?
A．Beaches．
B．Sea．
C．Sunshine．
D．All of the above．
()2．Whenever you go to Pattaya，it can provide many kinds of entertainment for ________．
A．both young people and the whole family
B．both old people and the whole family
C．both young people and kids
D．both parents and kids
()3．Where can you get beautiful orchids in Thailand?
A．Beaches．
B．Pattaya Elephant Village．
C．Orchid Farms．
D．The Sriracha Tiger Zoo．
()4．Which animal do you see at the Sriracha Tiger Zoo?
A．Foxes． B．Elephants． C．Lions． D．Monkeys．
()5．The passage mainly tells us ________．
A．Pattaya is one of the most popular places for visitors to Thailand
B．you must buy some beautiful orchids in Thailand
C．Pattaya Elephant Village is the only place that you can not miss in Pattaya D．if you visit Thailand，you must visit the Sriracha Tiger Zoo
B
When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture.One of the rules is that young people should always respect(尊敬)elders.Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant.One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly.I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly.As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure.My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive(敏感)Americans are and how they dislike the description “old”.I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife.After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.In my village in China, people are proud of being old.Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience.Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience.However, in the United States, people think “growing old” is a problem since “old” shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well.Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young.When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young.I had told them something they didn’t want to hear.After that, I changed the way I had been with older people.It is not that I don’t respect them any more;I still respect them, but now I don’t show my feelings through words.By Jack 根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。1.Jack brought the couple their food very fast because _______.A.the manager asked him to do so B.he respected the elderly C.the couple wanted him to do so D.he wanted more pay 2.When Jack called the couple “elderly”, they became _______.A.nervous B.satisfied C.unhappy D.excited 3.In Jack’s hometown, _______.A.people dislike being called “old”
B.people are proud of being old C.many people reach the age of seventy or eighty D.the elderly are the first to get food in restaurants 4.After this experience, Jack _______.A.lost his job in the restaurant
B.made friends with the couple C.no longer respected the elderly
D.changed his way with older people 5.Which of the following is TRUE? A.The more Jack explained, the angrier the couple got.B.Jack wanted to show his feelings through words after his experience.C.The manager went back to the table and apologized to the couple.D.From this experience, Jack learned more about American culture.C
Jean is a bright young woman who comes from a rich and famous family.She goes to a good university and has everything that money can buy.Well, almost everything.The problem is that the people in Jean’s family are so busy that they can hardly find time to be with her.In fact, Jean is quite lonely.So Jean spends a lot of time on her QQ.She likes being anonymous(匿名), talking to people who do not know about her famous family and her rich life.She uses the name Linda on QQ and has made a lot of friends who she keeps in touch with quite often.Last year Jean made a very special friend on QQ.His name was David and lived in San Francisco.David was full of stories and jokes.He and Jean had a common(共同的)interest in rock music and modern dance.So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ and sometimes they even forgot their time.Of course, they wanted to know more about each other.David sent a picture of himself: He was a tall, good-looking young man with a big, happy smile.As time went by, they became good friends and often sent cards and small things to each other.When Jean’s father told her that he was going on a business trip to San Francisco, she asked him to let her go with him so that she could give David a surprise for his birthday.She would take him the latest DVD of their favorite rock singer.But when she knocked on David’s door in San Francisco, she found that her special friend was a twelve-year-old boy named Jim!根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。1.Jean spends a lot of her time on QQ because she is _______.A.rich
B.famous
C.young
D.lonely 2.Jean thought “David” was special because he _______.A.made her quite happy on QQ B.was from San Francisco C.sent her a picture of himself D.was tall and good-looking 3.When Jean and “David” met and introduced themselves to each other, who felt surprised? A.“David”.B.Both “David” and Jean.C.Jean.D.Neither “David” nor Jean.4.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A.Don’t believe those you get to know on QQ so easily.B.People don’t use their real names on QQ so often.C.Don’t go to meet those you get to know on QQ.D.People should tell their real names to others on QQ.D
Linda Evans was my best friend—like the sister I never had.We did everything together: piano lessons, movies, swimming, horseback riding.When I was 13, my family moved away.Linda and I kept in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special time—like my wedding(婚礼)and Linda’s.Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often.One day a card that I sent came back, stamped “Address(地址)Unknown.” I had no idea how to find Linda.Over the years, I missed Linda very much.I wanted to share(分享)happiness of my children and then grandchildren.And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died.There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill.One day I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman — Linda’s married name.“There must be thousands of Wagmans,” I thought, but J still wrote to her.She called as soon as she got my letter.“Mrs Tobin!” she said excitedly, “Linda Evans Wagman is my mother.”
Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years, laughed and cried and caught up on each other’s lives.Now the empty place in my heart is filled.And there’s one thing that Linda and I know for sure: We won’t lose each other again!根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。1.The writer went to piano lessons with Linda Evans _______.A.at the age of 13
B.before she got married C.after they moved to new homes
D.before the writer’s family moved away 2.They didn’t often write to each other because they _______.A.got married
B.had little time to do so C.didn’t like writing letters
D.could see each other on special time
3.There was an empty place in the writer’s heart because she _______.A.was in trouble
B.didn’t know Linda’s address C.received the card that she sent D.didn’t have a friend like Linda to share her happiness or sadness 4.The writer was happy when she _______.A.read the newspaper
B.heard Linda’s voice on the phone C.met a young woman who looked a lot like Linda D.wrote to the woman whose last name was Wagman 5.They haven’t kept in touch _______.A.for about 40 years
B.for about 27 years C.since they got married
D.since the writer’s family moved away
二．初中英语完形填空解题技巧
考点分析: 完型填空一直是考试必考题型,而且在整卷中占相当大的分值,如果该部分失分严重,会影响学生英语最终成绩.因此,学生必须熟练掌握完型填空做题技巧,同时通过一定量专题练习,提高做题的正确率.注:学生该部分失分特别严重,所以必须加大该部分的练习.一.完型填空最常用的四种解题法:
1.总体把握:要通读完形填空的短文，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容。切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。
2.弄清体裁:文章体裁通常分为四种：论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主，如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果。
3.重视主题句:完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以语句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。
4.语境联想:利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。
二、几种解题技巧： 1.词语搭配
(1)从语法角度来说，句子不是词的序列，而是词组的序列。(2)因搭配关系而产生的一般性词汇。如：see a film(3)词序和意义皆以固定的复合词和动词短语。如：push ahead with(奋力前行)。(4)因词组而构成的常见的句式：It feels+形容词+不定式，在搭配判断时，注意：要区别外形相近而意义不同的搭配。如：look for, look over, look out, look after, look up等。要区别形不相似而意义相近的搭配。如：I paid 12 pounds for the dictionary.The book cost me a lot.It took three men to lift the box.句中都有“付出、花费、需要”的意思。译成汉语时似乎相通。但更要注意它们之间的搭配变化；要注意单个词组的多义性。如：take off有“脱下(衣服)，(飞机)起飞，匆匆离开，取下，休假等多种含意。2.语法判定
(1)要注意出现频率较高的词类题，依次为动词、介词、代词、连词、形容词、副词。选择各类词时，要注意以下几个方面：
a.名词的选择 b.动词的选用c.选择介词d.选择代词e.选择连词f.选择形容词和副词
(2)要注意句法题，搞清句子的种类、类型、省略和倒装
a.句子的种类包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。一般以考查疑问句、感叹句的词序为多见，其次是祈使句的零时态等。
b.句子的类型有简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。
c.句子的省略与倒装很少考查，却要看懂，不能引起对文章的曲解。(3)在语法适用方面，可以用择优法和排除法
a.择优法是把各选项代入短文中，选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案。
b.排除法是在代入选项时如发现选项单词意义不对，或词与词搭配不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下文有矛盾，则迅速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。
3.例举对比。
在完形填空的多项选择中，常常会遇到难以选择的题目。需要调动头脑里的知识“储备”，例举熟知的语言现象与之相比较，再做出明智的选择。三、一般的解题过程是：
1.通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。2.瞻前顾后，分析先行。3.反复推敲，攻克难关。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。
4.验证答案，修正错误，着重注意这几点：(1)文章是否顺畅；(2)所填单词是否是最佳单词；(3)所填单词是否有拼写错误。
四、对应练习：
1.When Billy came to class one morning, he noticed that something was different.Mrs.Green was not in her 51_____ place.She was standing in the middle of the classroom, and 52______ was hiding behind her.”Class,“ she said.”This is Fritz from 53____.Please say hello to him.“ The class were in silence.Mrs.Green said again, ”Say hello to our new friend.“ But still, 54 _____said a word.” All right, then.“ said Mrs.Green.”Billy, please 55______ Fritz to his new desk beside yours.“ ”Hi, Fritz,“ said Billy.”Please come with me.“ But Fritz would 56_____.He was holding on to 57_____.He said something, 58_____ nobody could understand.Some of the boys started to laugh.Billy felt 59 _____for him.Then, Billy said something no one else could un derstand 60 ____ Fritz.Fritz smiled and shook Billy's hands(握手').”Wow!“ everyone was surprised.Billy was proud.He said ”I said,“ Hello' in German.I heard it once on TV.”（）1.A.only
B.usual
C.good
D.comfortable（）2.A.a new teacher
B.a new girl C.a new boy
D.Billy（）3.A.England
B.America C.France
D.Germany（）4.A.no one
B.Billy
C.a student
D.Fritz（）5.A.ask
B.carry
C.put
D.take（）6.A.come
B.not move C.not say
D.speak（）7.A.another student's book
B.Billy's hand C.Mrs.Green's skirt
D.the teacher's desk（）8.A.but
B.so
C.because
D.still（）9.A.happy
B.excited
C.afraid
D.sorry（）10.A.with
B.except
C..of
D.about 2.Man has a big brain.He can think, learn and speak.Scientists always say that men are different from animals 1._____ they can think and learn.They know now that animals can also learn.So scientists are beginning to understand that men are different from animals because they can speak.Animals can not speak.They make noises when they are afraid or unhappy.Apes(无尾猿)can understand some things 2._____ quickly than men, and one or two have learned 3._____ words.But they are still different from us.They can not join words and make sentences.They can not think 4._____ us because they have 5._____ language.They can never think about the past or the future.Language is a wonderful thing.Man has 6._____ build a modern world because he has language.7._____child can speak his own language very well when he was four or five.8._______no animals learn to speak.9._____ do children learn? Scientists do not know.10._____happens inside our body when we speak? They only know that man can speak because he has a brain.（）1.A.after
B.if
C.before
D.because（）2.A little B.much C.more D.less（）3.A.few
B.a few C.little
D.a little（）4.A.as
B.about
C.like
D.over（）5.A.not
B.a
C.no
D.some（）6.A.to able to B.be able to C.able to
D.been able to（）7.A.Each
B.Every
C.One
D.All（）8.A.or
B.so
C.and
D.but（）9.A.How
B.What C.Why
D.Which（）10.A.Where
B.When
C.What
D.How 3.Mr.Lee had never been up in an airplane before and he had read a lot about accidents.SO one day when a friend came to his house and 1.____ to take him for a ride in his own small plane , Mr.Lee was very 2._____.He thought to himself , “If I don't agree ,my friend may not be happy.3_____ if I agree ,I'm really afraid that there might he some danger.” 4.___,however , his friend made him believe that it was very 5.____,and Mr.Lee got on the plane.His friend 6._____ the engine and the plane began to move along on the ground of the 7._____.Mr.Lee was frightened and closed his eyes.After a minute or two he opened them 8.____, looked out of the window of the plane and said to his friend.“ Look 9____those people down over there.They look as 10____as ants, don't they?” “Those are ants ,”answered his friend, “we are still on the ground.”（）1.A.offered
B.allowed
C.agreed
D.afford（）2.A.excited
B.grateful
C.worried
D.glad（）3.A.As
B.For
C.So
D.But（）4.A.Finally
B.First
C.Last
D.But（）5.A.interesting
B.safe
C.comfortable
D.enjoyable（）6.A.began
B.carried
C.moved
D.started（）7.A.airport
B.town
C.station
D.yard（）8.A.again
B.once
C.quickly
D.easily（）9.A.up
B.at
C.over
D.after（）10.A.short
B.big
C.strange
D.small
4.When I had something difficult to do，I used to ask my mother for help.But she always said, “Do it yourself，dear.” I was not 1.____ at all.I thought she was the 2.____ mother in the world!For example，one day，I decided to 3.____ some friends to my home.My bedroom was not in order.Books were everywhere.And I didn't make the bed.I asked my 4.____ to help me clean it，5.____ she still said，“Do it yourself，girl.”
Because of my “lazy mother”，I have to 6._____ my clothes and clean my room.I have to help my parents 7.____ I even have to go to the dentist by myself.It is really hard for me to do everything well，but I have learned 8.____.
As time goes by，I understand my mother.She makes me clever and diligent(勤奋的)9.____ a great mother!A 10.____ mother is worth（等值于）one hundred teachers!Don't you think so? 1.A.old
B.glad
C.thin 2.A.tallest
B.most foolish
C.laziest 3.A.leave
B.invite
C.visit 4.A.mother
B.father
C.brother 5.A.or
B.when
C.but 6.A.wash
B.lead
C.knock 7.A.do housework
B.go swimming
C.go camping 8.A.on show
B.by mistake
C.a lot 9.A.Which
B.What
C.Who 10.A.young
B.good
C.happy
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