六级阅读主旨题答题技巧及实战演练

第一篇：六级阅读主旨题答题技巧及实战演练

在线学英语 体验请申请：

洛基英语，中

国

在线

英

语

教

育

领

导

品

牌

（一）出题形式：主旨大意题命题形式主要有三大类：一类是概括中心思想（main idea）型；一类是确定文章标题或主题（topic / title / headline）型；还有一类是询问文章的写作目的（purpose）。

1）What would be the best title for the text？

2）What is the topic of the text？

3）Which of the following best expresses the main idea？

4）The best title / headline for this passage might be ______.5）The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is ______.6）Which of the following statements is best supported by the text？

7）Which of the following best summarizes the passage？

8）The main idea / The general idea / The main theme of this passage is ______.9）The title that best expresses the main idea of the passage is ______.（二）答案位置：大部分文章都有主题句（topic sentence），主题句表达了文章的中心思想（main idea），找到了主题句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。因此，“主题句定位法”是解答主旨大意题的一种行之有效的方法。主题句呈现形式通常有以下几种：

1）在开头出现；

2）在结尾出现；

3）在开头和结尾同时出现，首尾呼应；

4）有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。

（三）实战演练 Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted.Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment-friendly products have 在线学英语 体验请申请：

contributed to the pollution problem.One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastics, and these are difficult to get rid of.However, today, more and more consumers are choosing “green” and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment.Before they buy a product, they ask questions like these, “Will this shampoo damage the environment?” “Can this metal container be reused or can it only be used once?”

A recent study showed that two out of five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it, this means that companies must now changed the way they make and sell their products to make sure that they are “green”, that is, friendly to the environment.Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds.Some supermarket products carry labels(标签)to show that the product is green.Some companies have made the manufacturing(生产)of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.The concern for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business.No longer will the pubic accept the old attitude of “buy it, use it , throw it away, and forget it.” The public pressure is on , and gradually business is cleaning up its act.What would be the best title for the text?

a.Business and People

b.Business Goes Green

c.Shopping Habits Are Changing

d.Supermarkets and Green Products

“成千上万人疯狂下载。。。

更多价值连城的绝密英语学习资料，洛基内部秘密英语，技巧，策略

在线学英语 体验请申请：

请在 网上 申请报名”

第二篇：题技巧写作答题技巧

3,.s，,写作答题技巧

书信的格式

书信是重要的交际工具。英文书信分为两大类：公务信件和私人信件。公务信件是单位与单位或单位与个人之间的书信来往，可能是推荐信、谋职信、入学申请书、邀请信或询问、答复、反映意见等等信件。私人信件是指亲朋好友之间的通信。这两类书信各有自己的格式。一般来说，私人信件不拘形式，信文多用手写，也可打印；公务信件要求比较严格，必须遵循一定的格式，信文一定要打印。

英文信件一般由以下六部分组成：信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结尾、签名。

1．信头（Heading）

信头是发信人的地址和日期，通常写在第一页的右上角，行首可以齐头写，也可进行缩进去写。行尾可用也可不用标点符号。地址由小到大：门牌号码、街道、城市、省(州)、邮编、国名，最后写发信日期。私人信件一般只写寄信日期就行。学生写信，按班级名称、系科名称、学校名称、市、省、国名的顺序。例：Shahe Road

Caiyuan Town

Shengsi, Zhejiang, 202450

China

April 19, 2007

2．信内地址(Inside Address)

信内地址要写收信人的姓名和地址。在公务信件中要写明这一项，在私人信件中，这一项可常常省略。该项写在写信日期下一行的左上角，格式与寄信人地址一样。

3．称呼(Salutation)

称呼是对收信人的称谓，应与左边线对齐，写在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行处。英国人称呼后用逗号，美国人常用冒号。在私人信件中可直呼收信人的名字，但公务信件中一定要写收信人的姓，大部分信件在称呼前加“Dear”。

如：Dear Professor/ Prof.Smith:

Dear Dr.Stein:

Dear Ms.Santos:

对不相识的人可按性别称呼：Dear Sir：或Dear Madam：Dear ladies： 如不知性别可用Dear Sir or madam：

对收信人的婚姻状况不详，可用Ms．称呼等。

4．正文(Body)

正文是书信的主体，书信的选词造句要准确、严谨，语言规范、简洁。书信正文的开头往往要说明写信人的身份及写信的宗旨，然后提出写信人的情况、想法或要求，加以必要的解释或说明。

5．结尾(Complimentary Close)

公务信件的结尾包含两部分：发信人的结尾套语与署名。结尾套语写在签名上面一行，第一个字母要大写，套语结尾后面要加逗号。在公务信件中，发信人常用的结尾套语有：“Yours truly”, “Yours sincerely”, “Sincerely yours”, “Cordially yours”或“Yours cordially”等。在私人信件中，发信人一般用“Yours sincere1y”，“Yours truly”或“Yours faithfully”。亲密的人用“Yours lovely”或“lovely yours”，“Yours affectionately”, “yours loving son/ daughter”。对上级或长者用“yours respectfully”, “Yours gratefully”等。

6．签名

签名一定要写清楚，写在致敬语下面2---3行稍偏右处，也可与其对齐。

附：书信开头常用语：

1.How’s everything with you？你一切都好吗？

2.I hope everything is all right with you.我希望你一切都好。

3.How are you？ 你好吗？

4.I often think of you.How have you been recently？我常常想起你，你近来好吗？

5.How are you getting along these days? I miss you very much.你近来过得如何，我十分想念你。

6.I am very glad to receive your letter of May 1st.我很高兴收到你5月1日的来信。

7.Thank you for writing to me.谢谢你给我写信。

8.Your letter came to my hand yesterday.我是昨天收到你的来信的。

9.It’s a long time since I got your last letter.我收到你的信已经很长时间了。

10.I have been so busy recently that I could hardly find any time to write.我最近很忙，未能抽出时间给你写信。

11.I am so sorry for not having written to you for such a long time.十分抱歉，好久没有给你写信了。

12.Many thanks to you, my dear friend, for the wonderful present you have sent to me.亲爱的朋友，谢谢你送给我那么好的礼物。

英语书信结尾常常写一些祝愿、问候他人，盼回信等话语。常用的语句有：

1．With best wishes.致以良好的祝愿。

2．Please write to me as soon as possible.请尽快给我写信。

3．Please write to me when you have time.有时间请给我写信。

4．I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.盼望早日收到你的来信。

5．Thank you for an early reply.承蒙早复，不胜感激。

6．I’m afraid I have to stop now, but I’ll write to you again soon.我恐怕得停笔了，但不久我会再给你写信。

7．Please send my best regards to your parents.请代我向你父母问好。

8．With every kind wish for you and your family.向你和你的家人表示良好的祝愿。

9．Please remember me to your sister.请代问你姐姐好。

10．Hoping you will have a good trip.祝你旅途愉快。

范文模式

Test 1（有关个人情况）

Dear Li Xiaoming,It has been 10 years since we graduated from high school.What did you do during these years? What’s your job? Are you married? Have you got a child?

I work for I got married on.Myis a.We have a lovely.I live in ’ll be very glad if you and your wife can come to visit my home.I look forward to receiving your E-mail.Yours,Wang Fang

Test 2（有关旅游）

Dear Ding Yan,How are you doing these days? I’m very glad to receive your E-mail.I am going to.I’ve never been to But I have heard of there? How many places of historic interest and scenic beauty are there in besidesI likevery much.Would you like to go swimming with me?

Could you help me reserve a single room? Thank you very much.Looking forward to your E-mail.See you next week!

Yours,Tom

Test 3（有关聚会）

Dear,How are you doing these days?

Have you got a new job?

We are going to hold a party on classmates.I think we'll be very happy because we haven’t met each other for a long time.We will have a lot of activities in the party, such as,’ve reserved a meeting room in to join us?

I’m looking forward to receiving your.See you!

Yours,***

Test 4（有关目前学习情况）

Dear,I’m glad to receive your E-mail yesterday.How are you? Have you passed the final examination?

Now I study at Shengsi TV University.I major in。I have passed 12 courses, but I’m afraid of my weak English.Though I like singing English songs, I find it difficult for me to study grammar by myself./but I find it difficult for me to remember so many new words.I look forward to your E-mail!See you!

Yours,***

Test 5（有关英语学习）

Dear,I’m very glad to receive your E-mail.How are you doing?

I’m not bad, but I’ll take an English test next week.You know my English is very poor.I can’t remember the new words quickly.And it’s difficult for me to study grammar.You have passed Could you give some advice to improve my English? By the way, could you help me to buy a grammar book? Thanks a lot!I’ll try my best to learn English.If it’s convenient for you, please come to my home at any time.I look forward to your E-mail.Yours,***

Test 6（有关英语学习）

Dear

I received your E-mail yesterday.I’m fine, but I’m busy in learning English now.There is an English test next month.You know I’m weak in English.Could you give me some advice to improve my English? Shall I buy a vocabulary book and a grammar book? How many words shall I remember? What’re the most important language points? Oh, my god!I’m worried about my test!

Could you borrow me some English books? Or could you recommend a list of test books? Thank you very much!

I look forward to receiving your E-mail.Yours,***

请同学们注意修改文中加粗倾斜加下划线的部分！

第三篇：课外阅读题答题技巧

阅读答题技巧

平常的基础很重要，当然也要多看看文章，多做阅读题，少翻参考书，要学会凝练语言。在网上找做阅读题的技巧方法（就是叙事线索、表达方式、表现手法、含义作用、结构层次、内容与中心、语言赏析、结构和思路、标题考查这些发面），再拓展延伸结合自己的语言套进去就行了。希望对你有帮助。

技巧方法直接在网上查就行了（1、文章开头一段的某一句话在文章中的作用，中间某段或句的作用，最后一段某句的作用。

对于这种题型我们可以从两个方面来回答：对于第一段的问题，从结构上来说，是落笔点题，点明文章的中心，开门见山，总领全文，或起到引起下文的作用；从内容上来说，是为下文作铺垫和衬托，为后面某某内容的描写打下伏笔。中间某段的问题，在结构上是起到承上启下、过渡的作用。最后一段或某句的作用是总结全文，点明文章主旨，让人回味无穷，并与题目相照应。

2、文章表达了作者什么样的思想感情？

这需要根据文章的具体内容来回答，常见的有歌颂、赞美、热爱、喜爱、感动、高兴、渴望、震撼、眷念、惆怅、淡淡的忧愁、惋惜、思念（怀念）故乡和亲人、或者是厌倦、憎恶、痛苦、惭愧、内疚、痛恨、伤心、悲痛、遗憾等。一般作者的情感可以从文章的字里行间可以看出来的，有的也许写得比较含蓄，有的是直抒胸臆。

3、概括文章主旨。

对于这种题目，在回答之前一定要把全文仔细看几遍，然后可以用这样的关键词来进行回答：“通过…… 故事，歌颂（赞美）了……表达了作者……的思想感情，揭示了……的深刻道理。我们也可以从文中去找，在文章的每一段特别是第一段或最后一段的第一句或最后一句，文章中富有哲理性的句子往往是作者所要表达的主题。

4、文中划线句子运用了什么表达方式？有什么作用？

看到这种类型的题目，我们首先要看一看这一句用了那种表达方式，叙述、描写、说明、议论、抒情，特别是描写中又分为人物描写、景物描写和带综合性的场面描写。而人物描写还可细分为语言描写、动作描写、心理描写、肖像描写和细节描写，描写的作用是使文章生动、形象、感人。抒情的运用，能增强文章的感染力，突出文章的中心。如果文中有一些神话故事、民间传说以及自然界当中的神奇景象的描述，它的作用是增加了所写内容的神秘色彩,引起读者的兴趣。

5、文中某句运用了什么修辞手法？有什么作用？ 有很多，常用的有8种，比喻、比拟、夸张、排比、对偶、反复、设问、反问。其中考得最多的是比喻、拟人、夸张、排比，比喻的作用有三：一是使深奥的道理浅显化，帮人加深体味；二是使抽象的事物具体化，叫人便于接受；三是使概括的东西形象化，给人鲜明的印象。拟人的作用是可以使读者不仅对所表达的事物产生鲜明的印象，而且感受到作者对该事物的强烈感情，运用拟人表现喜爱的事物，可以把它写得栩栩如生，使人倍感亲切自然；表现憎恨的事物，可以把它写得丑态毕露，给人以强烈的厌恶感。夸张的作用是可以深刻地表现作者对事物的鲜明的感情态度，从而引起读者的强烈共鸣；通过对事物的形象渲染，可以引起人们丰富的想象，有利于突出事物的本质和特征。排比的作用在于能突出文章的中心，表达强烈奔放的情感，增强语言的气势；是提高表达效果的重要环节。还有叠词、短句使用，使文章富有节奏感，具有音韵美，读起来朗朗上口。

一种修辞用的比较多的就是引用，有时阅读理解中会有引用的诗句、名人故事、还有名人语言或名人著作中的有关内容，问题会有“文章中引用的内容有什么作用？”，这种题目回答时要注意答到这样两个关键词，一个是“衬托了记述对象的品质，突出了主人公的某种精神”。

对以上类型的问题必须要结合文章的具体内容来回答。

6、文中某句话有什么含义？或告诉我们什么深刻的道理？请说说你的理解。

问题的回答不是简单地从文中寻找现成的句子就可以解决的，这需要我们的同学平时多读多看多积累，多看并记住一些富有哲理性的名言警句，这样才能真正地理解文章的意思，丰富回答内容，用自己的语言把自己对文章的理解准确地表达出来。

7、比较阅读理解。

考试会把课内文章和课外与之相似内容的文章进行比较阅读，对于这种类型的题目，我们可以从文章的内容、写作特色、感情基调等方面进行比较。

以上是有关记叙文的常规问题回答，下面我们来看看说明文的阅读理解。

8、说明文的阅读理解。

说明文的阅读理解，我们可以抓住三点：说明对象、说明顺序、说明方法。说明顺序就是三种：包括时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。最重要的是说明方法及其作用，常用的说明方法有分类别、举例子、打比方、列数据、作比较、下定义、作诠释、画图表、引资料。其中涉及较多的是分类别、举例子、打比方、列数据、作比较。分类别的作用是可以将复杂的事物说清楚。举例子可以起到使内容具体、加强说服力的作用。打比方的说明方法跟修辞格上的比喻是一致的，这种方法可以突出事物的性状特点，增强说明的形象性和生动性。列数据可以使说明的事物更具体，便于读者理解相关内容。作比较跟修辞格上的对比是类似的，在说明某些抽象的或是人们比较陌生的事物，可以用具体的或者大家已经熟悉的事物和它比较，使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象，事物的特征也往往在比较中显现出来。在回答有关说明文的语言问题时，要注意说明文讲求语言的准确性，语言风格又可以分为平实和生动两种。

阅读常见的就是记叙文和说明文，议论文较少，限于篇幅，不再赘述。希望对你在学习和考试时有所帮助.现代文阅读试题答题技巧方法

1、基本要领：整体把握，抓住关键语句，在文中找答案

2、步骤：（读文章共两遍）

第一遍：通读全篇，大致了解。先整体粗略阅读全文，大致感知文章大意即可；阅读时凭感觉划出自认为重点的词语、句子；[可以稍快] 第二遍：审清题意，回读原文。看一遍题目，确定回答问题的阅读范围，再结合试题（顺藤）找到相关的段、句，截取关键性文字；找出或归纳出答案（摘瓜）。[宜慢，仔细，并回读检查] 最后：理清要点，认真答题。根据答题要求，加工改造，概括提炼。（尽可能利用原文中的关键性文字答题）一解答现代文阅读题应分的三个步骤详解： 第一步，通读全篇，大致了解。

第一遍先整体粗略阅读全文，大致了解文章大意即可，做到心中有数。那么我们要大致了解文章的哪些东西呢？

1、了解文章的大致内容。哪些人？什么事？什么景？什么物？什么话题？怎么写的？为什么要这样写？你是怎么看的？

2、了解文章的大致结构，主要思路。了解文章叙述的基本要素是什么（记叙的人物、事情、时间、地点是什么）？作者的情感变化是怎样的？材料有哪些？是怎样安排的？文章是怎样过渡的？弄清文章的线索、顺序、层次等。

3、了解文章的思想、感情、主旨。

注意事项：用以下几种方法可以达到上面的目的：

一、抓住文章中关键的词句。文章中关键的词句：标题、开头句、结尾句、独立成段的句子、中心句、警句、比喻句、连问句、过渡句、抒情句、议论句、反复出现的词句、重点关联词（如段落开头的词：不但……而且…… 因为 何况 但是然而因此）等等，应特别注意那些体现作者立场观点、反映文章深层次内容、内涵较为丰富、形象生动的词句。注意文章的主旨往往就隐藏在这些句子里。有的散文采用托物言志、象征等手法，相当隐晦，我们也能从这些词句中找到蛛丝马迹。

二、弄清文章的结构。

从结构形式入手比较容易把握文章的思想内容，也就是说，把结构层次弄清了，也就比较容易理解文章的中心思想。从这一点来讲，弄清结构是记叙文阅读的基础。弄清记叙文的结构，可从下面几方面进行。

（l）找出文章的线索。记叙文的线索形式有：以时空转移为线索，以一人、一事、一物为线索。

阅读文章要设法找出文章的线索，就能沿着它弄清段落层次结构。

（2）明确文章的顺序。记叙的顺序，要求我们掌握顺叙、倒叙和插叙三种顺序方法。

顺叙，指记叙的时候按照事情发生、发展和结局的时间顺序来写。如《皇帝的新装》。倒叙，指记叙的时候把后发生的事情写在前面，把先发生的事情写在后面。插叙：如《羚羊木雕》

阅读时，注意倒叙、插叙的起止点，对找出记叙的线索，把握文章的结构将有所帮助。

（3）理清文章的层次。理清文章的层次是弄清文章结构的重要一环。4）把握文章的详略。文章在选择和使用材料时要有主有次，有详有略。

第二步，审清题意，回读原文。

在对文章有了整体把握后，我们再仔细阅读题干，找出每一题的出题点，回读原文，将题干和文章对应起来，那么回读原文的方法和步骤是什么呢？

1、找准了原文中对应题目的相关区域。看题目涉及到文中哪些段落或区域，和哪些语句有关。

2、联系上下文，抓住关键词句。只要找准了原文中的相关区域，认真揣摩上下文意，就能准确抓住关键词句，大多数题目的答案是能够在原文中找到的。

3、分析综合，顺藤摘瓜。结合试题（顺藤）找到相关的关键段、句，深入理解文章，分析综合，归纳出答案（摘瓜）。

第三步，理清要点，认真答题。

1、引用原文。题目要求引用原文答题的，直接找出答案认真的写上。

2、抓住对应的关键词句。没有明确要求引用原文答题的，不能机械地照抄原文的句子。一般来说，答案中涉及到的一些关键词语、句子就在原文中，我们应抓住这些重要的词句，进行有效的提取、剪辑、概括、重组、归纳。

3、组织好语言作答。先根据分值理清好答几个要点，再作答。答题时要紧扣题意，尽量包含文中对应的关键词句，选用恰当的句式，选取适宜的角度作回答，即如何问就如何答，按照题干要求将文中的已知信息重新进行排列组合，使所答充分、到位、准确、有条理。但还有一些题目无法用简单的重组文章语言的方法来回答，那就需要把自己的理解用自己的语言组织起来进行表述。

4、还有一些题目是以选择题形式出现，所以我们要了解这类题错误选项设置的规律（如断章取义、偷换概念、范围不清、无中生有、强加因果、偶然必然已然未然有意混淆），把选项和原文中的相关语句进行一对一的比较，做出准确的判断和选择即可。

第四篇：2014实战演练题目

请各参赛队从如下题目中选一个进行，以国赛论文格式提交。9月6日下午3点答辩，地点另外通知！

问题A：车辆右行

在一些规定汽车靠右行驶的国家（即美国，中国和其他大多数国家，除了英国，澳大利亚和一些前英国殖民地），多车道的高速公路经常使用这样一条规则：

【要求司机开车时在最右侧车道行驶，除了在超车的情况下，他们应移动到左侧相邻的车道，超车，然后恢复到原来的行驶车道（即最右车道）。】

1.建立和分析一个数学模型，来分析“靠右行驶”在轻型和重型交通中的性能（即低负荷和高负荷），以及“靠左行驶”对安全系数的影响。

2.你可以研究交通流量和安全二者间的平衡，最高或最低车速限制的作用（即，过低或过高的车速限制），和其它在这个问题陈述中没有明确说明的影响因素。

3.这条规则能否有效地提升交通流量？如果不能，请分析并建议一个替代方案（可能和上述规则的类型完全不同），这个方案可以提升交通流量，安全性，和/或您认为重要的其他因素。

第五篇：六级真题

Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on thesaying “Help others, and you will be helped when you are in need.” You can cite examples toillustrate your views.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Be Generous with Your Help

When it comes to the topic of help, we are frequently told that, “Help others, and you will behelped when you are in need.'' Simple as the saying is, it implies the importance of helpingothers in need.What I learn from the remark, in short words, is that helping others is helpingyourself.Examples can easily be found to make this point clearer.The story of the ant and the dove is acase in point.An ant slipped into the river when drinking along the river.A dove heard his criesfor help and threw him a leaf, which helped the ant float back to the bank.After a few days, ahunter was raising his gun to the dove as she was building her nest.Seeing this, the ant ranquickly to bite the hunter's leg.The dove heard the hunter's scream and flew away.All in all, this example indicates that when we offer our help to others, we are leaving a wayopen for the future.Helping others is a virtue, and we should take some measures to carryforward this virtue and do others a favor.Only in this way can we build a loving andharmonious society.Part IV Translation(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.洞庭湖位于湖南省东北部，面积很大，但湖水很浅。洞庭湖是长江的蓄洪池，湖的大小很大程度上取决于季节变化。湖北和湖南两省因其与湖的相对位置而得名：湖北意为“湖的北边”，而湖南则为“湖的南边”。洞庭湖作为龙舟赛的发源地，在中国文化中享有盛名。据说龙舟赛始于洞庭湖东岸，为的是搜寻楚国爱国诗人屈原的遗体。龙舟赛与洞庭湖及周边的美景，每年都吸引着成千上万来自全国和世界各地的游客。

Part IV Translation Dongting Lake is a large, shallow lake in northeastern Hunan province, China.It is a flood basinof the Yangtze River.Hence, the lake's size largely depends on the season.The provinces ofHubei and Hunan are named after their location relative to the lake.Hubei means ”North of theLake“ and Hunan, ”South of the Lake“.Dongting Lake is famous in Chinese culture as thebirthplace of dragon boat racing, which is said to have begun on the eastern shores ofDongting Lake as a search for the body of Qu Yuan, the Chu poet(340-278 BC).Togetherwith the lake and its surrounding beauty, the racing appeals to thousands of tourists fromother parts of China and beyond each year.Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in science or humanitiesat college, write an essay to state your opinion.You are required to write at least 150 wordsbut no more than 200 words.Part Ⅰ Writing Whether to Major in Science or Humanities at College? Nowadays, as the whole society place increasingly considerable value on education, thequestion of whether to major in science or humanities at college is not only a concern forstudents, but also a focal point for parents.Some believe that to dig into science is a betterchoice because it promises us a brighter future;others may hold the opposite view thathumanity knowledge is the foundation of humanity quality.As for me, both arguments are justified.However, I believe that the important thing is notabout which subject is better, what matters most is people who will have to make the decision.In other words, we should not lay one-sided emphasis on the advantages of either subject;onthe contrary, the students themselves, their interests and preferences, pros and cons aresupposed to be taken into consideration.For example, if a student is more adept athumanity and that’s where his real interests lie, then he should dedicate to the study onhumanity.Whether to major in science or humanities is a critical choice for every student because itsresult has a profound influence on personal career development and life style.Thus we shouldfigure out what we really care about so as not to put the cart before the horse.Part IV Translation(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.明朝统治中国276年，被人们描绘成人类历史上治理有序、社会稳定的最伟大的时代之一。这一时期，手工业的发展促进了市场经济和城市化。大量商品，包括酒和丝绸，都在市场销售。同时，还进口许多外国商品，如时钟和烟草。北京、南京、扬州、苏州这样的大商业中心相继形成。也是在明代，由郑和率领的船队曾到印度洋进行了七次大规模探险航行。还值得一提的是，中国文学的四大经典名著中有三部写于明代。

Part IV Translation The Ming Dynasty, which ruled China for 276 years, was depicted as one of the greatest erascharacterized by good governance and stable society in human history.During this period, theblossom of handicraft industry accelerated the process of market economy and urbanization.Agreat deal of commodities, wine and silk included, were available on the market.In themeantime, clocks and tobacco products, among many other foreign goods, were imported.Major commercial centers like Beijing, Nanjing, Yangzhou and Suzhou took shapesuccessively.It was also in the Ming Dynasty that the fleets headed by navigator Zheng Hehad made seven large-scale expeditions to the Indian Ocean.What's also noteworthy is thatthree of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese Literature were written in the Ming Dynasty.Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots.Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives.You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.写作参考答案

The evolution of modem robot technology seems to be a mixed blessing.Optimists say that more robots will lead to greater productivity and economic growth, while pessimists complain that we will experience the greatest unemployment crisis in human history.As for me, the world where robots substitute manual and mental labor is delightful rather than fearful.There is no doubt that human society is benefiting tremendously from robots.On the one hand, industrial robots can assist in carrying out dirty, dull and dangerous tasks while offering increased productivity and safety.On the other hand, domestic robots can provide household services, freeing human beings from the boredom of the daily chores.We aren't giving robots ”easy jobs", but those that most of the time we aren't willing to do and even could never do.Without robots, these jobs would remain undone or be done inefficiently.In spite of the potential of machines to replace workers, technological progress has always eliminated some specific jobs.But in the meantime, it also has created new opportunities for human employment, at an even faster rate.Robots are very likely to permeate much of our daily life in the coming years, but it is not necessary to worry they will snatch jobs from us, because we will assign more challenging jobs to them.【解析】

本题要求考生围绕“在未来，越来越多的人工劳动将被机器取代会是怎样一番情景”写一篇作文，考生既可以阐述其积极的一面，也可以论述其不利的一面。根据题目要求，可以采取以下布局；

第一段；提出人们对机器人所持的不同态度，并表明自己的立场。机器人替代体力劳动和脑力劳动让我们的生活更加轻松快乐。

第二段：具体从两个方面来分析机器人取代人力劳动的积极意义。

第三段：总结全文，指出机器人不会抢走我们的工作，因为我们会让它们做更多的事。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.旗袍（qipao）是一种雅致的中国服装，源于中国的满族（Manchu Nationality）。在清代，旗袍是王室女性穿着的宽松长袍。上世纪 20 年代，受西方服饰影响，旗袍发生了一些变化。袖口（cuffs）变窄，袍身变短。这些变化使女性美得以充分展现。

如今，旗袍经常出现在世界级的时装秀上。中国女性出席重要社交聚会时，旗袍往往是她们的首选。很多中国新 也会选择旗袍作为结婚礼服。一些有影响的人士甚至建议将旗袍作为中国女性的民族服饰。翻译参考答案 表达难点

1.第一句有两个谓语动词“是一种……”及“源于……”，可将前者处理为英文句子的谓语成分，后者作“服装”的后置定语，形式既可用非谓语动词（originating from）也可用定语从句（that originates from...）。

2.第二句可以处理成一个定语从句，主干是“旗袍是长袍”，“王室女性穿着的”是修饰长袍的定语。用非谓语动词作定语，“旗袍”和“穿”是被动关系，因此用过去分词形式。3.第三句的“发生变化”可以用 undergo changes 这个搭配。“受西方服饰的影响”可以用分词作状语的结构 influenced by...，也可以处理成 due to the influence of...。4.第二段都是体现旗袍重要性的一些短句子，如逐一翻译，译文会显得比较松散，可以使用一些结构或词语将它们衔接起来，比如 not only...but also..., moreover, even 等。参考译文

Qipao is an elegant type of Chinese dress that originates from the Manchu Nationality.In the Qing Dynasty, it was a loose gown worn by females of the royal family.In 1920s，it underwent some changes due to the influence of western dress.Its cuffs became narrower and the length was shortened as well.Such changes allow the beauty of female to be fully displayed.Nowadays Qipao is not only frequently seen on world-class fashion shows, but also the first-choice dress for Chinese women to attend some important social gatherings.Moreover, many Chinese brides choose it as their wedding gowns.Some influential figures even have suggested making Qipao a national dress for Chinese women.