第一篇:导游现场考试景点讲解要点
导游现场考试景点讲解要点
一、烟台山景区
烟台山景区概况、烟台得名、烟台山领事馆群、冰心纪念馆、烟台开埠历史陈列馆、京剧艺术展览馆、烟台山灯塔、忠烈祠、抗日烈士纪念碑、烽火台、龙王庙、山海景观等。
二、张裕酒文化博物馆
张裕酒文化博物馆的概况、张裕名字及商标的含义、张裕综合大厅的浮雕、名人给张裕题词及含义、地下大酒窖、百年桶王、品酒、巴拿马奖章、张裕特色酒庄等。
三、蓬莱阁景区
蓬莱阁景区概况、蓬莱的传说、海市蜃楼成因、蓬莱水城、人间蓬莱坊、弥陀寺、丹崖仙境坊、龙王宫、子孙殿、天后宫、寿字碑、碧海丹心刻石、蓬莱阁主阁、海不扬波、避风亭、田横山、卧碑亭、苏东坡与蓬莱、三清殿等。
四、长岛景区
长岛概况、黄渤海分界线、九丈崖、月牙湾、庙岛、渔家乐和渔家风俗等。
五、龙口南山景区
南山集体概况、南山集团产业、南山禅寺天王殿、南山禅寺大雄宝殿、南山大佛、南山玉佛等。六、三仙山·八仙过海景区 三仙山概况、三和大殿、蓬莱仙岛、方壶仙境、瀛洲仙境、珍宝馆、龙王庙、玉佛寺、十一面观音殿、楠木馆
七、曲阜“三孔”景区
(一)孔庙
孔庙概况、万仞宫墙、金声玉振坊、棂星门、太和元气坊、奎文阁、十三碑亭、大成殿等。
(二)孔府
孔府概况、历史沿革、大堂、后花园、一贯堂等。
(三)孔林
孔林概况、历史沿革、万古长春坊、二林门、孔子墓甬道等。
八、泰山风景名胜区
泰山概况、石阶盘道、经石峪、十八盘、天街、孔子庙碧霞祠、大观峰、无字碑、玉皇顶、丈人峰、天地广场、王母池、普照寺、岱顶四大奇观等。
九、青岛崂山景区
崂山概况、巨峰天象、太清宫、关岳祠、海印寺旧址、上清宫、龙潭瀑、太平宫、狮子峰、白云洞、观音广场、华藏世界门、明道观、北九水风景游览区、华楼风景游览区等。
十、威海刘公岛风景名胜区
刘公岛概况、中国甲午战争博物馆、龙王庙、中国甲午战争博物院陈列馆、博览园、国家森林公园等。
第二篇:山西省导游现场考试口试景点讲解:悬空寺导游词
山西省导游现场考试口试景点讲解:悬空寺导游词
各位朋友:
大家好!欢迎您在这个吉祥美好的日子,光临中华五岳之一的北岳恒山。
莽莽苍苍蜿蜒起伏的北岳恒山,有许多奇特的景观,古有“恒山十八景”之说,其中最负盛名的便是建于北魏后期距今已有1500多年历史的悬空寺。
悬空寺始建于北魏太和十五年(公元491年),金、明、清均有重修,现为明清建筑风格,是国家级重点文物保护单位。整个建筑具有险、奇、巧的特点,共有楼阁40余间,从低到高三层迭起,最高处三教殿距峡谷深处的高度曾为90余米,由于1500余年峡谷河床沙石沉积,现高度仅为45米,但站在三教殿仍有身临险境的感觉。这座纯木构建筑,瞩目远望,仿佛是一幅玲珑剔透的浮雕,大有凌空欲飞之势,鬼斧神工,令人叹为观止。民间道:“悬空寺,半天高,三尺马尾空中吊”,大诗人李白则用“危楼高百尺,手可摘星辰,不敢高声语,恐惊天上人”来形容之。据史料记载,初建时,寺院高出地面近百米,而支撑寺院的仅仅是十几根碗口粗的柱子。悬空寺为什么建在这悬崖峭壁之上而不与地相接?据史料记载,南北朝时期,随着政治势力的分裂,道教也分为南北天师道场。北魏时期,太武帝拓跋焘崇信道教,曾一度灭佛兴道,并且迎请嵩山道士寇谦之来京都平城设立道坛。太和十五年(公元491年),孝文帝拓跋宏下诏将天师道场移到恒山,就在当年,按照寇谦之道长“上延霄客,下绝嚣浮”的遗训修建了“崇虚寺”,后来人们根据崇虚寺建筑悬空的特点,改称如今的“悬空寺”。
悬空寺以西为正,大门朝南,整个建筑由南向北扩建而成,越往北走地势相对越高越狭窄。寺院由三部分组成,每部分都有一座三层式的楼阁,内设悬梯连接。第一部分是一个标准的寺院布局,由于建于悬崖峭壁之间,所以将一个平面的寺院布局立体化了。第一层是禅堂;第二层是大雄宝殿的两个配殿,为比肩式楼阁。真正体现“悬”的地方是第二部分和第三部分。两座楼之间飞架悬空栈道连接,半插飞梁为基,巧借岩石暗托。插入岩石里的横梁使用当地产铁杉,事先用桐油浸过,起到防虫防腐作用。之前先将木楔置于洞内,后将横梁插入,因石洞口小肚大,外边用力越大里边咬合就越紧,这样固定的横梁就把压力传到了岩石上。在横梁的下面用木柱支撑,这些木柱长短不一,有的着力,有的则虚设,甚至可以晃动,根本不受力,悬空寺像这样形似虚设、可以晃动的支柱有十多根。当然,这些虚柱不仅仅是作为装饰用的,一般情况下并不吃力,一旦承重压力增大,就起到一柱顶千斤的作用,从而使悬空寺形成一座似虚而实、似危而安、危中见俏的奇特建筑
悬空寺的选址充分显示出它的合理性,没有花费巨大的劳力去改造地貌,而是因地制宜,巧妙地利用峭壁的凹凸部分依势造殿,显示出各殿阁的主次错落和强烈的节奏感。寺庙建筑半藏绝壁之中,上有巨崖掩护,两旁又有突出的石壁遮挡,下雨时雨水顺崖而下,正好滴在寺庙前檐流入峡谷,避开了雨水对殿宇的侵蚀;山风吹来两旁突出的石壁减缓了风势,减少了对寺庙的威胁。另外,对面高耸的恒山主峰天峰岭遮挡太阳,相对缩短了寺庙的光照时间,就是日照时间最长的夏至时节,每天也只有三四个小时。这些因素是悬空寺巍然屹立1500多年,仍然保持原有风采的重要原因。
悬空寺不仅以建筑奇巧著称于世,最主要的就是反映了“三教合一”的宗教思想。全寺共有大小殿宇40间,其中最著名的就是“三教殿”。三教殿是体现“三教合一”的典型殿阁,位于悬空寺第三部分的最上层。三位教主共聚一堂,中间为佛教创始人释迦牟尼,左边为儒家创始人孔子,右边为道家鼻祖老子,三教供于一殿,在全国各地寺庙建筑中极为罕见。集中体现了中华民族民族共融,世界大同的崇高境界。
悬空寺不仅外形美观,转折升降的木梯上也同样具有艺术价值。木梯上用铁钉组成数十种莲花状的图案,如繁星灿烂,似铁水迸溅,令人赏心悦目,堪称古寺一绝。既起到保护木板和装饰的作用,又赋予了深刻的寓意。香客进寺,踏步而上,可谓“步步登莲,吉祥如意”。集实用、装饰、宗教价值于一身,可见古代建筑工匠的良苦用心。
全寺共有铜铸、铁铸、木雕、石刻、脱纱等塑像80余尊,其中最突出的是大雄宝殿内的3尊脱纱佛像。其做法先用胶泥塑成泥胎,再用南方生产的麻(也叫夏布)一层层地裹,裹到一定成型的厚度,再磨光、油漆、上彩、贴金。塑完后把里边的泥胎从底部掏出,整个塑像形成空壳,高度达50厘米的塑像,净重不超过3公斤,为悬空寺塑像中的一绝。
古往今来,悬空寺以它独特的魅力吸引了不少文人墨客。公元735年,大诗人李白云游至此,挥毫书写了“壮观”两个大字;公元1633年,大旅行家徐霞客游历悬空寺后,在他的游记当中留下了“天下巨观”的赞誉;英国的一位建筑学家曾无限感慨地说过这样一段话:“中国的悬空寺把美学、力学、宗教巧妙地融为一体,达到了尽善尽美,我真正懂得了毕加索所说‘世界上真正的艺术在东方’这句话的含义,悬空寺不仅是中国人民的骄傲,而且是全人类的骄傲。”
第三篇:山西省导游现场考试口试景点讲解:云冈石窟导游词
山西省导游现场考试口试景点讲解:云冈石窟导游词
尊敬的女士们、先生们:
今天,我们将参观举世闻名的佛教艺术宝库——云冈石窟。云冈石窟位于塞外古都、煤海之乡的大同市西约16公里处,从酒店出发需要大约30分钟的时间。利用这暂短的时间,我向大家简单地介绍一下云冈石窟。
云冈石窟是北魏王朝初期开凿的大型石窟,时间约在公元460年的北魏文成皇帝时期,迄今已有1540年的历史。它与甘肃敦煌的莫高窟、洛阳的龙门石窟,并称为中国三大石窟。云冈石窟的开凿比敦煌石窟晚94年,较龙门石窟早35年的时间。它以建筑规模之大、塑像形体之高、保存之完整,而闻名天下。又因对研究中国古代史、佛教史和艺术史有极高的价值,享誉国内外。1961年,国务院将云冈石窟列为全国重点文物保护单位。1973年,法国总统蓬皮杜访华,指名要求参观云冈石窟,9月15日,周恩来总理陪同蓬皮杜总统参观了云冈石窟。我们乘坐的汽车已驶入停车场,大家请按顺序下车,在云冈石窟门前集合。
女士们、先生们,大家现在看到的像蜂窝一样排列的许多洞窟,就是云冈石窟。石窟开凿在武周山的山崖上,武周山的最高处称云冈,故名云冈石窟,原名灵岩寺,亦称石佛寺。云冈石窟为什么开凿在武周山?这与武周山这块风水宝地密切相关。武周山坐北向南,武周川内山清水秀,可以说是“藏风得水”的好地方。武周山,又称武周塞,从北魏的旧都盛乐(内蒙古和林格尔西北)到达新都平城(大同市)均要经过这里。武周山位于内外长城之间,是北魏通向北方的咽喉要道,当时人马商队来往频繁,还驻扎了重要的军队,皇帝经常在这里议论国家大事。武周山成为北魏皇帝祈福的“神山”,他们在这里遥拜北方,祈求神灵保佑江山社稷。因此,北魏皇帝在“神山”开凿石窟,创建寺院,也在情理之中。
所谓“石窟”,就是在石壁山崖上开凿的洞窟,这里冬暖夏凉,幽静神秘。古印度佛教兴起后,佛教信徒、僧侣将石窟作为礼佛和修行的场所。因为,依山雕凿石窟、佛像,比用砖石筑建寺院经久耐用。佛教是汉代经著名的丝绸之路开始传入中国,石窟寺艺术的传人,大约在3世纪。我国新疆天山南麓的克孜尔千佛洞是最早的石窟,沿丝绸之路东行还有帕孜克里克千佛洞,进入河西走廊是著名的敦煌莫高窟,安西榆林窟、天水麦积山石窟,从甘肃继续东进则是宁夏须弥山石窟、大同云冈石窟、洛阳龙门石窟等。武周山的地层岩石属于株罗纪的长石石英砂岩,石质坚硬,结构紧密,有利于石窟和造像的雕凿。
现在,大家已随我进入云冈石窟的山门,我身后的石窟参观示意图,大致告诉我们参观路线。云冈石窟依山开凿,东西绵延1公里,现存主要洞窟45个,分为东、中、西三区,东部4窟,中部9窟,西部32窟。此外还有许多小型洞窟。共计1100多龛,大小造像51000多躯。从云冈石窟西行约3公里,武周川北有吴官苍石窟。再溯河西行,距云冈15公里的高山镇,还有焦山石窟。这么多洞窟如果要细看的话,也许你一个星期的时间也看不完,目前开放有40多个洞窟,仔细观看需要2天的时间。按传统参观路线,如果大家时间充足,先从东部第1窟开始,直到第45窟结束。如果仅参观2个小时左右,则主要游览第5、6窟、五华洞、昙曜五窟。
首先我们从东部的第1、2窟开始参观。北魏开凿石窟从公元460年开始,至524年结束,约有70年的开凿历史。从洞窟的形制和雕刻艺术,有关专家将云冈石窟的开凿年代分为早、中、晚三个阶段。第1、2窟至第13窟大致以云冈石窟中期为主,成窟的年代约公元465年至494年之间。由孝文帝迁都洛阳前夕开凿,人们习惯将这些石窟称为“孝文石窟”。大家看到的第1、2窟是一组塔庙式双窟,开凿洞窟时在中央留下一个方柱,在柱子的四面开龛,龛内塑像。第1窟中心塔柱南面下层雕释迎、多宝佛,上层雕释伽;石窟后壁的主像是弥勒菩萨。弥勒菩萨是未来佛,据佛教经典讲,弥勒菩萨将继释迎佛后成佛,广说佛法,教化众生。据说当弥勒降生人世时,世界将充满光明幸福,所以古代有些农民起义常常打着弥勒降生的旗号来组织和号召群众。释迎、多宝佛并列,佛经有这样的传说,当释迦牟尼佛说《法华经》时,忽然地下涌出安置多宝佛全身的舍利塔,现于空中。释迎听到塔中的声音,告诉听经的大众说,这是过去东方世界宝净国土的佛,号为多宝。当释迦佛开启塔门,示现多宝佛身时,宝塔内的多宝佛让出半座给释迦佛。
于是,释迦人塔,与多宝同结跏趺坐,宣讲经义。第2窟中心塔柱南面下层雕释迦、多宝,上层雕三世佛;石窟的后壁主像是释迦佛。两窟的窟门两侧都雕有维摩、文殊对坐问法像。有关维摩、文殊对坐问法是南北朝、隋唐时期流行的题材,敦煌石窟的壁画就有“维摩诘图像”。佛经中有“文殊问疾”的故事,据说有一次维摩居士“示现”病相,众人前去探访。释迦牟尼知道后,派以智慧著称的文殊菩萨带领弟子前去维摩居住处。在维摩居士的丈室里,文殊菩萨和能言善辩的维摩展开大乘佛教义的讨论,使从者心服口服,也令文殊菩萨十分赞叹。第2窟前有一泉水长年涌出,泉水清凉可口,被称为“石窟寒泉”。
女士们、先生们,大家面前是云冈石窟最大的洞窟——第3窟。它被称为云冈石窟之最。洞窟崖面高25米,开窟面宽50米,规模最大。原为大型塔庙窟设计,开凿在孝文帝迁都洛阳之前,因工程浩大,北魏一代未能完工,后室的三尊大像为初唐时期补雕而成。第3窟的前室分两层,上层左右两侧各雕一塔,中部凿方形窑室,主像为弥勒菩萨,壁面满雕干佛。后室的中部塔柱壁面属北魏时期雕凿,高约10米左右的3尊大佛,属唐代作品,分别为阿弥陀佛、观世音、大势至菩萨。据专家考证,第3窟是文献记载的“通乐寺”、“灵岩寺”,当时可居僧人达3000人。
第4窟是塔庙窟,中央雕凿方形立柱,东壁交脚弥勒像保存比较完整,据考证是云冈现存纪年最晚的造像,由北魏晚期正光年间(公元520年——524年)开凿,是第1至第13窟之间仅有的晚期大窟。
现在,大家看到几座宏伟高耸的楼阁,它们建筑在洞窟的前檐,被称为窟檐建筑。据专家考证,云冈石窟的大窟前均有窟檐,但多数因战争或其它因素毁坏,现仅存的窟檐建筑为清代以后建造。第5、6窟是一组双窟,窟檐建于清代的顺治八年(1651年),这组建筑朱红柱栏、琉璃瓦顶、巍峨挺拔、气势非凡,是五间四层的绕廊木构楼阁。第7、8窟同样是一组双窟,辽代这里被称为护国大寺,现在的窟檐是1994年由国家拨款重新建造,对保护石窟起到了重要作用。
第5窟分前后两室,洞窟形状为椭圆形的草庐式。后室佛像布局为三世佛,中间的释迦牟尼佛为结跏趺坐像,高达17米,为云冈石窟中的第一大佛像,大佛的双腿长达15.5米,膝上可容纳120人,一只脚上可站立12人。释迎佛头顶蓝色的螺髻,面部轮廓清晰,白毫点朱,细眉长目,鼻准方直,双耳垂肩,身着褒衣搏带,通肩架裳,给人端庄、肃穆、慈祥之感觉。主佛的右侧是未来世弥勒佛,左侧为过去世迦叶佛。主佛的对面是两层高约1米的8尊佛教造像,衬托着主佛更加高大、雄伟。拱门东侧雕凿着菩提树和树下二佛对坐的造像,属北魏石窟内常见的题材。请大家注意,石窟大佛的后面有一狭长的隧道,你们猜这是做什么用的吗?对了,这是佛教信徒们礼拜绕行的诵经道。
第6窟是云冈石窟中精巧著称的一窟,称“第一伟窟”。第6窟平面呈正方形,后室为中心塔柱,塔高15米,分上下两层。请大家看,四壁和塔柱的佛像采用近似圆雕的高浮雕,佛像立体感很强。四方塔柱上层的立佛是具有极高水平的楼空雕刻法,这种立佛被称为“接引佛”。我们举目四周环视,发现整个洞窟雕饰富丽堂皇,几乎找不到一块没有雕刻的空间,佛像、菩萨、罗汉、飞天、供养人和瑞鸟神兽、花卉等等,真是一座热闹拥挤、琳琅满目的佛国世界。第6窟更具有佛教和艺术感染力的是在中心塔柱的塔腰和四壁上的释迦佛陀本生故事图,艺术家以浅浮雕和高浮雕结合的手法,用连续排列的形式,运用近40幅的雕刻,表现了释迦牟尼从诞生前后到降魔成道、初转法轮的佛传故事。请大家随我的手势来观赏这动人的画面。
(1)迦毗罗卫国是古印度的一个国家,国王是净饭王。他和摩耶夫人,年近40岁未曾生育。膝下无子的国王非常寂寞,一天夜里,摩耶夫人梦见一位菩萨乘白象而来,后来怀了身孕。王纪有喜的消息传开,各国使臣纷纷前来祝贺。
(2)按当地习俗,妇女应回娘家分娩。公元前454年,摩耶夫人带众人回娘家,在途径毗尼公园时休息。当夫人手攀无忧树时,太子从夫人右腋下降生,取名乔达摩•悉达多。太子出生,天空出现五彩样云。
(3)太子降生时,向东西南北四方各行七步,出现步步生莲花的场面。太子一手指天,一手指地,如狮子般怒吼道:“天上地下,惟我独尊。”
(4)天上九龙口吐圣水为太子洗澡,这天称为“浴佛节”。汉传佛教将农历四月初八定为释迦的生日。
(5)天人舞乐,大象眉飞色舞,大家迎接净饭王和太子还宫。
(6)国王请仙人为太子看相,太子相貌出众,不同常人。仙人回票国王说:“太子乃大圣人降世,若留家中将继承王位,若离家则必成佛道”。
(7)国王为太子建造豪华的三时殿,选来美女让太子享乐,欲使太子消除学佛之心。大家看太子却表现深思熟虑和感触人间烦恼的神情。
(8)太子年满17岁,国王为他娶善觉国公主耶输陀罗为妻。按照风俗要试力定婚,太子一箭穿七面金鼓。
(9)太子娶妻后,在宫中娱乐。
10)娶妻生子后,太子向父王提出到宫外游玩要求。
(11)一(14)太子乘车出游,分别遇到老人、病人、死人。在一位法相庄严的僧人引导下,研修解脱人生摆脱苦难之道。
15)太子向父王请求出家修行,遭到父王的拒绝。
(16)太子乘马离宫,四天神托起太子的坐骑逾越城池而去。经过5年寻访,6年苦修,太子终于在菩提树下静坐思维,7天后悟道成佛。
(17)太子成佛后,被誉为释迦牟尼,这是释迦族圣人的意思。太子本身故事中以“鹿野苑初转法轮图”雕刻精美传神而著称,图中释迦牟尼正在启齿讲经,佛身边的诸弟子面带敬意双手合十洗耳恭听,就连佛陀身边的两头小鹿也因闻佛法而面带微笑。
第6窟在总体布局、造像风格、雕刻手法等方面,代表了北魏传统石窟艺术的最高境界,尤其佛像改变了过去的服装,雕成了褒衣博带式的佛装,采用了当时南朝士大夫地主阶层的服饰,被称为“太和造像”。推测孝文帝完成第6窟开凿之后,不久便迁都洛阳。大家在第6窟前室上方的门桅上,可以见到几个牌匾的把钉,这是谁的牌匾?当年清朝的康熙皇帝平定噶尔丹叛乱之后,回北京途经云冈石窟,看到第6窟雕刻的佛像如此精美,于是留下了“庄严法相”四个大字。不知何时,牌匾已不知去向。第7、8窟是孝文帝时开凿的一组双窟,属孝文帝初任皇帝时开凿,细心的朋友会问这样一个问题:“为什么孝文帝时期开凿双窟?”双窟的开凿可能与冯太后擅政有关,冯太后是文成帝的皇后,孝文帝即位时任皇太后,一切朝政大权操纵在这位冯太后手中,这种状况一直延续到冯太后逝世。当时将冯太后和孝文帝并称为二圣或二皇,冯太后世奉佛教,开凿双窟应与冯太后主持朝政有重大关系。
第7窟的主像是三世佛,造像风化严重。后室北壁佛龛分上下两层,上龛正中为弥勒佛,两侧是倚坐佛像,下层佛龛为释迦多宝对坐讲经论法图。前后室壁面分层分段大面积布置了本生故事浮雕,以及佛传故事的佛龛,以释迦佛降伏火龙的雕刻较为精美。请大家抬头观赏窟顶,在平棋藻井图案内六格,每格以莲花为中心,环绕八身飞天。传说飞天又名香音神,以能歌善舞著称,当佛讲经说法时,飞天在天空向凡界播洒四瑞花雨。在南壁拱门的上方,并排雕刻两组相向合掌而跪的6位供养天人的造像,被专家称为“云冈六美人”,这是云冈石窟中最先出现的供养人形象。
从第7窟走到相连的第8窟,发现两窟的主要造像、造像组合及其纹饰风格均基本相近。值得注意的是供养天人行列上方雕出了仿木构屋檐,这是中国传统瓦顶建筑式样,说明孝文帝初期佛教开始融人中国传统文化。第8窟门拱东西两侧的雕像,是云冈石雕中罕见的艺术品,西侧是三头六臂的坞摩罗天乘孔雀的造像,东侧为三头八臂的摩醯首罗天骑牛的造像。两组造像中,以鸠摩罗天像著名,被认为是东西方艺术最巧妙的组合。坞摩罗天又称坞摩罗什,音译是“童寿”,他是后秦时代的高僧,是中国佛教史上著名的翻译家,译出了《妙法莲花经》、《阿弥陀经》、《金刚经》等佛教经典,人们将他尊为佛教护法之神。鸠摩罗天雕像给人智慧(三头)、力量(六臂)、安详(面善)、吉祥(手托吉祥鸟)的感觉。他乘坐的孔雀,是名为“那罗延夫”的神鸟,口衔玉珠,爪趾雄健,尾巴卷起长长的羽毛。第8窟的造像给人丰富的想象力和感染力,但又因四壁雕刻被严重风化而让人痛惜。
女士们、先生们,大家请随我参观云冈中部的“五华洞”。第9窟至第13窟,在清代晚期被施以彩绘,彩绘后的五个洞窟异常华丽,五彩斑斓,被人称为“五华洞”。“五华洞”分为两组,分别为第9、10窟和第11、12、13窟。第9、10窟是一组双窟,开凿时代略晚于7、8窟,为冯太后的阉官王遇负责设计监造,两窟初建于公元484年。第9、10窟的前室雕凿四根八角柱,每窟洞开三门,颇具汉魏以来中国建筑’“金楹(金柱)齐列,玉局(柱础)承跋”的遗风。大家看到的前室侧壁屋形龛、后室窟门上方屋形檐等雕刻,都是仿汉民族木结构的建筑形式。
第9窟后室主佛释迦像,面相方圆,右袒式的服装。西北壁下层雕凿附有榜题的分栏长卷式画面,是太子本生故事图,手法简朴。后室两侧雕护法像,显示出高超的石窟寺艺术魅力。
第10窟的主像是弥勒菩萨,壁画布置有释迦多宝并坐像。后室门楣雕饰非常精细,门楣上方的须弥山层峦叠嶂,山间二龙交首盘环,山腰间有参天的林木和奔跑的动物,山体左右雕有阿修罗天和坞摩罗天护法神。这组雕塑动静结合,虚实相问,对称均衡,别具匠心。
第9、10窟的顶部均雕有飞天造像。大家看那凌空飞舞的是歌舞神紧那罗,饰栏干圆拱龛中的伎乐神乾闼婆为她伴奏,把人们带入歌舞升平的天堂世界。飞天造像群的仙人,或吸腿跳,或倒踢,或掖腿,或双飞燕,其舞姿优美,可与敦煌的飞天造像相媲美。
第11、12、13窟是一个组合的整体形式,以第12窟为中心。第12窟是凿前后室的洞窟,前室外壁上方凿屋檐,下方雕列柱。洞开三门。后室南壁中央上凿明窗,下开窟门。两侧的11、13窟则于窟门上方各开明窗,与12窟形成左右对称的立面布局。
第11窟为塔庙窟,塔柱下层皆以立佛雕像出现,上层南面为弥勒菩萨,其他三面为倚坐佛像。窟东壁有太和七年(公元483年)邑义信士女等造95驱石庙形象铭,西壁有太和二十年(公元496年)铭龛和七佛立像。第11窟的题记是云冈石窟研究的重要资料,太和七年是现存最早的题记。
第12窟为佛殿窟,主像下龛为释迦多宝,上龛是弥勒菩萨。前室雕交脚坐佛像。第12窟是云冈石窟中著名的音乐窟,也叫佛籁洞。后室的雕像分上下两层,布局庄严肃穆
第四篇:上海2010年导游现场考试景点讲解:玉佛寺英文导游词
上海2009年导游现场考试景点讲解:玉佛寺英文导游词
Ladies and gentlemen, today we are going to visit a famous Buddhist temple---the Jade Buddha Temple.Before visiting the temple, I’d like to say a few words about the religious situation in Shanghai.Our constitution stipulates that every Chinese citizen is ensured the freedom of religious belief.There are four major religions in practice in Shanghai, namely, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, and Christianity, which is sub-divided into the Catholic Church and the Protestant Church.When it comes to Buddhist temples in China, they are usually classified into three sects, i.e.temples for meditation, for preaching and for practicing Buddhist disciplines.The Jade Buddha Temple is a temple for meditation, and is well-known both at home and abroad.The temple was first built during the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, when a monk named Hui Gen went on a pilgrimage to Burma and brought back five jade statues of Sakyamuni.On his way back to Mount Putuo via Shanghai, he left two jade statues here, one in sitting posture and the other, reclining.He had a temple specially built as a shrine for these two statues in 1882.later the temple was partly destroyed by fire and in 1928 a new temple was completed on the present site.Just opposite the temple gate, there stands a giant screen wall.Various designs, such as dragon, phoenix, elephant, crane and peony are carved on it.In Chinese legend, all these things are considered the symbols of fortune, wealth, longevity and auspiciousness.Chinese people used to set up a wall in front of the house so as to keep the evils away.Now ladies and gentlemen, please turn around.Here we can see the temple gate.It is also called the Sanmen Gate, or say, the Gate of Three Extrications.The door in the middle is called the Door of Emptiness, to its right is the Door of Non-phenomenon, and to its left, the Door of Non-Action.Sanmen Gate is also called the Mountain Gate because most famous temples in China are found deep in mountains.But the Sanmen gate does not open except on the first and the fifteenth of every lunar month.Now this way to the entrance.Ladies and gentlemen, the first hall is the Heavenly King Hall.We will use the rear door, please follow me.(in the Heavenly King Hall next to the southern entrance)Here we can find the statue of a fat and smiling monk with bared belly.He is Bodhisattva Maitreya.His smile is so contagious that you will smile with him and forget all your worries.So he is also called the Laughing Buddha.According to Buddhist scripture, he is now practicing Buddhism in the Tusita Heaven.After 4000 years, which is equal to 5.67 billion years on the earth, he will become successor to Sakyamuni under a Long Hua Tree in Hualin Garden.Hence another name the Future Buddha.But this statue we see here is not the real image of Bodhisattva Maitreya, it is just his incarnation..it is said that During the Five Dynasties Period, 1000 years ago, there lived in Fenhua in Zhejiang Province a monk named Qi Ci, who always carried a wooden staff with a cloth sack on his shoulder.He often went around towns and in streets to beg alms.Therefore he became known as “the Cloth Sack Monk”.He always smiled and laughed, looking as happy as ever.When he was dying, he left the message saying that he was the incarnation of Bodhisattva Maitreya.So his image is enshrined in the Buddhist Temple as the incarnation of Bodhisattva Maitreya.(on the eastern side of the Heavenly King Hall)On the two sides of the hall are enshrined four statues.They are so-called Four Heavenly Kings.In the Buddhist legend, there is in the center of the world a highest mountain called Mount Sumeru.Halfway on it is a mountain called Mount Ghandara with four peaks.On each peak lives a Heavenly King protecting the Buddhist heaven.The first one is the Southern King---King of Developing Merits.His duty is to educate all living creatures and develop king-heartedness.He is holding a sword in his hand which can emit a ray to chop off the enemies’ heads.The one next to him is the Eastern King---King of Protection for Buddhism.He is holding in his hand a pipa, which is somewhat like a guitar.With this pipa, he offers music to the Buddha.Meanwhile this pipa is a magic weapon.It can send out a musical rhythm to defeat the enemy by tormenting brain and causing him to lose combatability.Now ladies and gentlemen, please come over to this side.(on the western side of the Heavenly King Hall)The first one on this side is the Northern King---King of Virtue.He is so called because of his virtue.He is holding a parasol-shaped stela in his hand.The parasol can be opened into a canopy in Buddhist processions.It is at the same time a magic umbrella.Once it is opened in the battle field, the sky turns dark and a wind-storm rises, defeating the enemy with a dizzy spell and then it closes up capturing all the enemies.Next to him is the Western King---King of Far Sight.He observes the world with his penetrating eyes.He is holding a dragon-shaped silk rope.The rope is actually a net, with which he converts people to Buddhism just like catching fish with a net.This dragon also has a magic power.It can spurt water from its mouth and drown the enemy in floods.(in the Heavenly King Hall next to the rear door)The Statue facing the rear door is Bodhisattva Skanda.He is always dressed in armour with a worrior’s club in his hand.Originally he was one of the eight heavenly generals under the Southern King of Developing Merits.Later he has been enshrined here because of his bravery.He is also a god of message, a fleet-foot runner, so when visitors come to the temple, he will immediately report to the Buddha in the Grand Hall.Now ladies and gentlemen, that’s all for the Heavenly King Hall.Please follow me and look out the threshold and the steps.Now we can see a giant tripod in the courtyard.It is actually a giant incense burner.It was donated by some Buddhist laymen who believed that by donating something the Buddha they can help purify the souls of their dead relatives from sins and relieve them from purgatory.Now this is the main hall, known as the Grand Hall or Grand Hall of the Great Sage.It is the main structure in every Buddhist temple, where the statue of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism is enshrined.(in the Grand Hall)Ladies and gentlemen, in the middle of the hall is the statue of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism.On his right is Medicine Buddha and on his left is Amitabha Buddha.Each is seated on a lotus blossom and has a back halo.Sakyamuni’s original name was Siddhartha Gautama.He was a contemporary of Confucius.He was born to a warrior’s family in the Himalayan foothill in ancient India, or say, in present-day Nepal.He spent his youth in great luxury.But he renounced the human world at the age of 29 in search of an ultimate solution to the problems of human sufferings.After six years of spiritual discipline he got enlightened at the age of 35.he spent the remaining 45 years of his life teaching his religion and establishing a community for monks to continue his work.He was entitled “Sakyamuni”, which means “the great sage of the Sakya Clan”.He died at the age of 80.On his chest there is a sign that resembles a swastika but it has nothing to do with Hitler’s fascism because it is in an inverted order.It is actually a religious talisman used in ancient orient, symbolizing the concentration of happiness and auspiciousness.The Medicine Buddha is responsible for the Eastern Bright World.Since he can relieve people of all pains and sufferings, he is called the Medicine Buddha.He is holding a wheel, which signifies the unremitting effort of converting people to Buddhism just like turning a wheel.Amitabha Buddha is in charge of the Western Paradise.He is holding a golden lotus blossom stand with which he extradites Buddhist believers to the Western Pure Land, therefore he is also called the Buddha of Guidance.In front of the Medicine Buddha is a hollow wooden fish.It is actually an instrument used by the monks to accompany the chanting of their prayers.But do you happen to know why it is in the pattern of a fish? Now let me tell you about it.The monks think that fish is the most diligent animal in the world because it never closes its eyes, therefore the image of the fish is used to advise people that they should practice Buddhism as diligently as the fish.On both sides of the hall stand 20 Heavenly Gods, all protectors of Buddhist laws.They all bend slightly as if they are listening attentively to Sakyamuni’s preaching.The first one on the right side is Brahma, the chief god of Brahmanism in ancient India.It was believed in ancient India that all living creatures in the world, including gods and men, were created by him and he was thus honored as the Great Creator.Next to him is Yamaraja, the God of Hell, who is in charge of the nether world.The fourth one on this side is Goddess of Loving Children.There is an interesting story about her.It is said that before she became a goddess she was a wicked woman.She herself had many children, 500 in all, including 3 sons and 497 daughters.Her favorite child was her youngest son named Ai Nu, now standing by her side.As she always ate the children of other people, Buddha decided to convert her.One day, he hid Ai Nu in a jar.When the woman found her child missing she looked for him everywhere but could not find him.Then Buddha came up to her and said, “If you are worried when your child is missing, what about other mothers whose children you have eaten?” From then on she began to discipline herself and finally became a goddess.This is the Emperor of the Solar Palace, or say the Chinese Apolo, opposite him is the Chinese Diana, the emperor of the Lunar Palace.The last statue on this side is the Dragon King.(at the back of the Grand Hall)Ladies and gentlemen, behind the statue of Sakyamuni there is a giant mural sculpture.In the middle is the statue of Bodhisattva Guanyin.Guanyin was originally named Guanshiyin but later abbreviated into Guanyin because the character “shi” was one of the characters in the Tang Emperor Li Shimin’s name and was considered a forbidden name.Guanyin often takes the image of a goddess in order to convert women to Buddhism.Actually he can incarnate into 32 images to convert people from all walks of life and relieve people from all kinds of sufferings.Any living creature in trouble needs only to recite his name and he will respond to the cry and readily come to help riding on the head of a huge turtle.That’s why he is described as a Bodhisattva of Great Mercy.By her two sides are her two disciples, San Cai the boy and Long Nu the girl.Above Guanyin is a statue of Sakyamuni when he was doing ascetic practices in a forest.A monkey on the right is offering preaches to him and a deer on the left is giving him milk to drink.Now a few words about San Cai, the boy and Long Nu, the girl.It is said that when San Cai was born, a number of treasures came with him, hence his name.By the way, “Can” in Chinese means “wealth”.He was later converted by Bodhisattva Manjusri, the Bodhisattva of Great Wisdom, and went on a pilgrimage to the south in search of teaching.He was going to call on 53 teachers and then met Guanyin, hoping to obtain the guidance to buddhahood.There are altogether 53 statues on the mural sculpture, excluding the 18 arhats.They were all supposed to be San Cai’s teachers.He came to them one after the other.Guanyin was his 27th teacher.Long Nu, the daughter of Dragon King, was a genius.At the age of 8 she often attended lectures by Manjusri.Later she met the Buddha and attained buddhahood.Below are 18 arhats, all disciples of Sakyamuni.According to Buddhist scripture, Sakyamuni asked them to stay permanently on the earth to help convert people to Buddhism.Arhats have three characteristics, namely, they can rid of all worries, they should be supported and offered by all people, and they enter nirvana once for all and never incarnate again.(in the Hall of the Reclining Buddha)Ladies and Gentlemen: in the middle of the hall we can see a jade statue of the reclining Buddha.This is Sakyamuni in his deathbed, or say, entering nirvana.We can see him looking slightly upward and reclining on his right arm.Some may ask why he looks so calm and carefree.It is said that in his entire life-time he had taught 500 disciples, therefore, he felt no worry because he firmly believed that his disciples would carry forward his principles and preach his doctrines to emancipate mankind.This statue, 96 cm long, is carved out of a single piece of jade.It was brought from Burma together with the other statue in sitting posture.The carving was exquisitely done with delicate features and a slender figure, it is considered a rare Buddhist relic, which contributes to Jade Buddha Temple’s reputation.Now ladies and gentlemen, over here we can see four pictures on the wall of the hall which describe the life story of Sakyamuni.The first one, “Tonsure”, describes Sakyamuni having his head tonsured and clothes changed into a monk’s robe when he came a monk at the age of 29;the second, “Enlightenment”, after six years ascetic practice he became enlightened and attained buddhahood at the age of 35;the third, “Preaching”, Sakyamuni is preaching to his first five disciples;and the fourth, “Nirvana”, Sakyamuni entered nirvana at the age of 80.(before entering the Jade Buddha Chamber)Ladies and gentlemen, we are going to visit the last main structure on the axis---the Jade Buddha Chamber.It is located on the second floor.Please do not take pictures or video tape-recording in the chamber.(in the Jade Buddha Chamber)Ladies and Gentlemen, the statue in front of us is the Jade Buddha in sitting posture.Since Buddhism is a leading religion in China, there are a great number of statues of Sakyamuni all over the country, and most of them are made out of stone, clay, or wood, but a jade statue of the Buddha of this size is rare.It is 1.92 meter in height and 1.34 meter in width.The jewels on his head, arms and feet are all genuine ones.They were donated by Buddhist believers.The statue was carved out of a single piece of jade.It is soft in luster, even in color, pure and flawless in texture and exquisite in workmanship.This statue reflects Sakyamuni’s getting enlightened.We can see that his left hand rests on his left knee showing his great determination of deep meditation while his right hand stretches out onto the ground indicating that he had devoted himself to the emancipation of all mankind and this could only be witnessed by the great earth.When monk Hui Gen found the jade in Burma, he had it excavated under the permission of the Burmese King and had the Tibetan artisans carve it into a Buddha Statue, so it is a crystallization of the friendship of different nations.This statue looks life-like, with gentle and soft features and is considered a precious relic of Buddhist art.This is the reason why the temple enjoys a high reputation.In the cabinets on both sides are kept a complete set of Buddhist scripture, Da Zang Sutra, which was block-printed in 1870.this set of scripture covers Sakyamuni’s teachings by moth, Buddhist doctrines, and Buddhist theories.(in the courtyard in front of the Abbot’s Room)
This is the Abbot’s Room, where the abbot priest lives.It is also a sermon hall where the monks attend lectures by the abbot priest.On the middle wall is hung the portrait of Priest Dharma, honored as the founder of the Chan Sect in Chinese Buddhism.
第五篇:河南省导游考试景点讲解:云台山导游词
河南省导游考试景点讲解:云台山导游词
各位游客朋友们:大家好!首先我代表我们**旅行社对大家的到来表示热烈的欢迎!我是本次旅程的导游员**,大家可以叫我**,坐在我身旁的这位是咱们本次旅程的安全大使周师傅,周师傅具有多年的驾驶经验和娴熟的驾驶技术,安全问题大可放心。在车上,大家可以尽情的欣赏沿途的风景,我们很荣幸也很乐意为大家服务。旅途中,如果大家有什么意见或者建议都可以向我们提出来,我们会虚心接受,并尽可能的满足大家的合理要求。俗话说呢是“有缘千里来相会,百年修得同船渡”,我想我们本次旅程也算是百年修得同车行了吧。相聚是一种缘分,我希望大家能够珍惜这份情意,在相聚的日子里,能够相互关心相互爱护,为咱们本次旅程留下一段圆满而美好的回忆!
接下来我就简单介绍一下咱们今天的旅游行程:现在我们已经踏上旅途,出郑州,跨黄河,穿武陟,过修武,就到达了咱们今天的旅游目的地——太行云台山景区。或许好多朋友呢是第一次来焦作,那么借此机会我就向大家简单介绍一下焦作的相关情况:
焦作——陈氏太极拳的发祥地、煤炭等矿产资源丰富、旅游资源独特。2002年,焦作市进入中国优秀旅游城市行列,焦作的山水品牌开始在全国叫响。目前,焦作已成为一个全国新兴的旅游热点城市。焦作的云台山属于太行山系,位于豫晋交界的修武县境内。因山势险峻,主峰孤峦秀矗,形似一口巨锅,覆盖在群峰之上,山间常年云雾缭绕,故得名“云台山”,这里有大小名峰三十余座,峰峦叠翠,雄奇险秀。朋友们,现在我们已经来到了云台山所在的修武县境内,修武位于豫西北太行山南麓,古称宁邑,历史相当悠久。公元前1028年,周武王伐纣途中遇雨而暂住宁城,修兵练武,遂得名修武,秦朝设县制,沿用至今。修武县气候温和,占天之时,土地肥沃;兼地之利,农副特产驰名于世,矿藏资源种类繁多。修武县旅游资源得天独厚,境内大小奇峰70多处。今天我们要参观的云台山,就是其中最具代表性的景点之一。说曹操,曹操到。
朋友们,云台山马上就要到了,我们今天的旅游时间是5个小时,5个小时之后准时到停车场集合,我们的车牌号码是“豫NA1111”,同时也请大家记好我的手机号1393700****,以防哪位先生或小姐一时迷恋美景而乐不思蜀。现在就请大家准备好随身携带的物品,随我一起下车进入景区游览,感受北方太行山水的美景。
云台山属太行山系,是豫北的名山。因山势险峻,主峰孤密秀矗,形似一口巨锅,兀覆在群峰之上,山间常年云雾缭绕,故得名云台山。
云台山位于河南省焦作市东北30公里的修武县境内。北邻山西省,东接辉县市,西与方山对峙,南面是一望无际的孤原。这里有大小名峰三十六座,峰峦叠翠,雄奇险秀。主峰茱萸峰有一片茂密森林,为国家级森林公园,堪称”园中园”。景区规划总面积约55平方公里。分为三大体系:
一、峰岳景区:茱萸峰、三秀峰、叠彩洞、浓秀谷;
二、沟谷景区:温盘峪、子房湖、小寨沟、老潭沟、武周寨;
三、宗教景区:真庆宫、万善寺、玄帝观、百家岩。这里自然景观优美,人文景观丰富。汉献帝刘协、魏晋”竹林七贤”、唐朝孙思邈、唐太宗李世民及其大将尉迟敬等均在此留下了历史遗迹。
云台山山险水秀,气候凉爽宜人。这里泉源丰富、植被茂密,原始次生林覆盖了整个山峦,各种树木和奇花异草种类达400多种。中药材蕴藏丰富,除人参、灵芝外,还有闻名全内外的四大怀约,以及茱萸、当归等200多种。唐朝孙思邈曾在些采药练丹,至今这一带山区还流传着他服仙丹升天的故事。在云台山景区售票处,有一村庄名”岸上”,背靠一天然屏障,山势突兀,拓面而起,此山名为”翠屏峰”,峰顶有”阎王鼻”。你看那阎王仰脸向天,自鼻以上是黑的,鼻以下的部分是白的,当地人说此阎王黑白分明,辨是非,昼断阳,夜审阴,是当地的主宰,权力至高无上。
在阎王鼻山脚下,有一佛教庙祠,即万善寺。跨过山门,为弥勒殿。大雄宝殿供奉释迦牟尼,这尊像是泰国捐赠的金佛。你看那佛像胸间的“”(音万),意为太阳光芒四射或燃烧的火,后来作为佛教吉祥的标记,以表示吉祥。寺院的后门,有一小溪自高处流入清池,是优质的矿泉水,泉旁小庙,是财神爷,他虽不能名列佛寺,但来烧香的人,却也不忘烧柱香,以求财旺。
(温盘峪、子房湖景区)
沿公路而上,过了迎宾洞,左边的山谷相裂成隙。这便是温盘峪景区。峪深80余米,最宽处不过丈余,峪上群山环抱,致使这又窄又深的峪内空气不能与外界的空气很好地交流,便形成了自己独特的小气候,这里冬暧夏凉,温度适中,仿佛处在恒久的温暖中,故名温盘峪。这谷南端的瀑布名为“白龙瀑“,传说白龙在此居住。
走过山壁间开凿的隧洞,我们进入温盘峪景区。首先直入眼帘的是“一线天“。人行其间山体相合只留下一线天地,甚是奇妙。
景区内秀幽雄险,集泉、瀑、溪、潭于一谷,素来享有“盆景峡谷“的美誉。峡谷南北长约1公里,宽3-10余米,两岸峭壁山石秀丽,仿佛鬼斧神工,雕凿而成一巨大盆景,又好象名山大川浓缩后的精华,园林专家称之为”自然山水精品廊“,景区内有逍遥石、相吻石、灵龟戏水、双狮吸水、龟背石等景观。
峪内有九龙潭,相传为古时九龙栖息之地,分别为白龙潭、子龙潭、眠龙潭、青龙、黄龙、卧龙、黑龙、首龙等,因峪内司温,潭水常年气温在10度左右,夏季水凉不宜游泳,但却是冬泳的好云处。行至黑龙潭,一持瀑布从山壁间喷薄而出,如堆雪飘杨,十分壮观。动态的水流入静态的水中,十分美丽。
在汉朝初建国后,张良在帮助刘邦建立汉业之后,功高震主,惟恐遭到刘的毒害,再三恳求,告老还乡而去。张良回到家乡之后,仍然坐卧不安,觉得还不太保险,便偷偷地微服出午,隐居到了去台山。因张良字子房,故此处的村庄叫:子房村“,源叫“子房湖”。现在的景区是在原有湖泊上加高修建的,湖面 300余亩,长约8华里,最宽处300米,水深呈阶梯状分布,北浅南深,深处约地100米,水容量为1亿立方,是一中型水库。
沿湖而行,可见对面山峦中有“达摩峰”。相传印度僧人达摩来中国传教,到达少林寺,面壁10年仍常有杂念涌入心头,于是走出寺庙,要找一处绝妙的静处修行。后来就来到去台山,在子房湖西畔山峦上静坐。此处人迹罕至,达摩高居山巅,终山岚流云为伴,山灵一片净化像山样入定下来,不久即化仙而去,此处则留下了“达摩峰”和与之遥遥相对的“佛龛峰“。
在子房湖西畔,可见一沟名”黄楝沟“,里面景色宜人,最奇处是沟朝天伸展而出的几个山峰,相连成佛掌,故名“佛掌峰”。佛掌峰上有“天堂”,是一独家独户的自然小村庄。古时,苛捐杂税沉重,有人躲在佛掌峰上,开垦良田,遍栽果树,在上边过起了自给自足的小农生活。躲过了官府的索取,无忧无虑,快乐似神仙,故给自己的家园名之“天堂”。
再往前走,即见子房湖尽处,有两个小村庄绕子房湖东西而扎,这即是子房村,是张良的后世子孙繁衍而成的。在隋末唐初,刘武周和李世民先后在此屯粮食、兵器,故后人称之为“东仓”“西仓”。(老潭沟、小寨沟景区)
老潭沟景区的特点为山雄水秀,峰高瀑急,沿水路溯水而上。山势高峻挺拔,水流急湍深邃。
过了低山头,前面出现了两条岔道,一条是台阶石梯,登上后可沿山坡石坂路向前行,路两旁郁郁葱葱,树可遮天,这些树木在石缝中生长,多有几百年的树龄;一条路是水路,橡皮船过“幽潭”,攀“仙渡”,可见昔屋一间,有若与世隔绝,旁有小道,直通“天瀑”。
“天瀑“是云台山景观之最,也是中华之最,此瀑落差310米,瀑宽约5---7米。天瀑之高雄冠九州,可谓”飞流直下三千尺“。瀑布如雷贯耳,沿途我们早有所闻,其势之壮,不见其面,已早闻其声。
与天瀑遥遥相望的对面山上,有“观瀑台“,此台为看水景的最佳观赏点。观瀑台边有一组山瀑持壁,瀑上青苔恰似孔雀落壁,被美称为“孔雀泉”
另外沟内还有“私语泉”“波浪石坪”’独秀峰””双秀峰””路功”等景点。沿路登监山顶,便是豫、晋两省分界处。
出了老潭沟不远处,有一石桥横架河谷,是通往”小寨沟”风云景区的通道。
踏阶而行,路边有碑,上书”小寨沟”。站在此处向对面山峰间寻找,可见高山群岚之中,有一古代官吏,头戴乌纱帽,乐悠悠地坐在山上,这就是当地人传说的唐公石。传说,明朝嘉庆年间,唐成因审了诰命,名声大振,却又遭到排挤,仕途坎坷,历遭磨难,在遭贬途中,经此地游山玩水以泄愁闷,越觉官场险恶。从此消了仕途之念,在此化仙而云,留下了这块山峰供后人纪念。
“小寨沟”旧名”小潭沟”,后唐王李世民在此消来了刘武周,此处是隋营唐寨,故名小寨沟。沟内多彩多姿的泉瀑溪流引人入胜,故也称”潭瀑川”。眼前出现了第一潭,即”龙蛇潭”,小寨沟地处深山老林人迹罕至,水多,潮湿,常有蛇蟒出入。相传有家夫进山砍柴,见有巨蟒在此饮水,蛇大为龙,因而得名。
过了龙蛇潭,有上下或者称山水两条道路通往景区。水路是供游客游览的,山路是回来的路,水路走不远,即见有群瀑自高岩处跌落,人称”九叠瀑”。瀑分三层,每个断层有两条瀑布相吸相融一个潭里,如情人一般,故此称”情人瀑”。
过了减肥石,即是”金龙卧波”,再往上走,忽然眼前一片开阔,”丫字瀑”迎面而来,瀑高十余米,深五、六米,地而开阔孤坦,但见四面青山相环绕,一块巨石仿佛自天而降,落在这里,供销游人休憩、乘凉、野餐、照相。
“清清漪池”水浅而清,色彩艳丽,青苔把一潭水映得碧绿无尘,不管有风无风,池内涟漪轻荡故名之,水池有鱼,但鱼体透明。水帘洞”处只出山崖上一挂瀑布分散成帘子状倾泻下来,此水四季长流。旁有”狮子头”,其造型如一头活生生的小狮子一样逼真,故名之。
“狮头石”前整个山崖被水溶蚀而成钟乳状,下有两股水在离地米高处喷出,此乃”不老泉”在魏晋时景区内有逸人王烈,不食人间烟火,渴饮此泉,饿食黄精,寿至338岁,仍然健步如飞,不减少年。您不妨来尝一下。
我们进入小寨沟尽端,迎面可见几块怪石,有”唐王试剑石“、点将台,是李世民当年点将收兵的地方。站在”点将台“上,悬崖高耸,人如坐井底,故名”坐井观天“;县崖青苔高挂山崖,仿佛一只孔雀高挂架上,雀尾下一挂水帘,称作”凤尾串珠“。另外还有”灵龟吐珠“、”云龙播雨“”唐王饮马池“”石舟 “”蝴蝶石“。
(叠彩洞、茱萸峰景区)
子房湖旁有两条岔道,下道是通往小寨沟景区、老潭沟景区;上道便是直通山西的修陵公路。叠彩洞景区和茱峰景区盘恒在此。叠彩洞是连接豫、晋两省的公路遂洞,大小23条洞,首尾相连总长4000多米。它是由我县土专家张有臣设计规划的。在外只见一排巨大的阶梯层层递上,在洞里都是180度的转弯和 45度以上的爬坡。这就是景区有名的“暗十八盘”,勤劳善良的人民用十二年的时间修建了这条路。
沿公路自下而上,爬山穿洞,仰望山巅,只见一座座山峰拔地而起,峭壁悬崖,高达万仞。沿途山峰形态各异,在这里您可以找到l’小象攀山””双驼峰“梦笔生花”等各个景点。
出了十二号洞,迎面而来一块奇峰异石高立在对面山上,这块石头随着车行视线的转变,可由灵芝、傣族少女逐渐变成一摩登少女。因此处石秀、水秀、花草秀,故名”三秀峰”。
坐车前驶片刻,眼前忽然一片开阔,这个景点名为”西瀛观”,游客到此,都会有心旷神怡的感觉。
肢下这一片湖是我们经过的子房湖,一个小时的路程,已经是抬高了五六百米的高度,在子房湖东南即是温盘肉区景,相传古时在温盘峪居信有九条龙,谷南的白龙和谷北的黑龙经常腾云驾雾来到”西瀛观”品茗赏景,还常常摆下棋局对弈。
上车前行即进入茱萸峰游览区
车蜿蜒而上,进入了一片茂密的森林区,这整个山遍覆大的松柏,枫想乔木,这里属原始次生林区,被国家林业部批准为”国家级森林公园”
茱萸峰山势突兀,为云台山的主峰,海拔1300多米。后来真武帝在此苦志修行成仙而云,此处便成了闻名遐尔的道教圣地,方圆百里的人们常来此烧香求愿,据说十分灵验。渐渐地,人们把这里亲切地称为”小北顶”,就是说这里离北天门很近,常被天神关注,他们会满足人们祷告时的祈求,好再让人们来此烧香还愿。于是有了”烧高篝”的说法,如果谁家的子孙发达了或是添丁了,那一定是他们家的老人们早年在这里烧了”高香”求来的。
各位旅客朋友,现在我们已经来到了位于焦作修武的北国的名山圣水——云台山。云台山因其山势高耸,森林茂密,山间常有云雾缭绕,因此又被称为“云台山”。从地理学的观点看,云台山在地形上是属于南太行山地的一部分,故又称“太行云台山”。
云台山北邻山西省,东接辉县市,西与方山对峙,南面是一望无际的孤原。这里有大小名峰三十六座,峰峦叠翠,雄奇险秀。主峰茱萸峰有一片茂密森林,为国家级森林公园,堪称“园中园”。汉献帝刘协、魏晋”竹林七贤”、唐朝孙思邈、唐太宗李世民及其大将尉迟敬德均在此留下了历史遗迹。云台山山险水秀,气候凉爽宜人、泉源丰富、植被茂密,原始次生林覆盖了整个山峦,各种树木和奇花异草种类达400多种。中药材蕴藏丰富,除人参、灵芝外,还有闻名国内外的四大怀药怀地黄,怀山药 ,怀牛膝,怀菊花,以及茱萸、当归等200多种。沿公路而上,过了迎宾洞,我们可以看到左边的山谷相裂成隙。这便是温盘峪景区了。温盘峪峪深80余米,最宽处不过丈余,峪上群山环抱,形成了自己独特的小气候,这里冬暧夏凉,温度适中,仿佛处在恒久的温暖中,故名温盘峪。相信大家也亲身体验到了,这里的景色秀幽雄险,集泉、瀑、溪、潭于一谷,素来享有“盆景峡谷“的美誉。峡谷南北长约1公里,宽3-10余米,两岸峭壁山石秀丽,仿佛鬼斧神工,雕凿而成一巨大盆景,又好象名山大川浓缩后的精华,园林专家称之为“自然山水精品廊”,景区内有逍遥石、相吻石、灵龟戏水、双狮吸水、龟背石等景观。峪内有九龙潭,相传为古时九龙栖息之地,分别为白龙潭、子龙潭、眠龙潭、青龙潭、黄龙潭、卧龙潭、黑龙潭、首龙潭等,动态的水流入静态的水中,十分美丽。这座湖叫做子房湖,相传是汉朝著名谋士张良的隐居之地,因张良字子房,故名子房湖。向西看呢,我们就可以看见对面山峦中有“达摩峰”。相传印度僧人达摩来中国传教,到达少林寺,面壁10年仍常有杂念涌入心头,于是来到云台山,在子房湖西畔山峦上静坐。那里人迹罕至,达摩高居山巅,终日与山岚流云为伴,天灵一片净化像山一样入定下来,不久就化仙而去,此处便留下了“达摩峰”和与之遥遥相对的“佛龛峰”。沿湖而走呢,我们就进入了老潭沟、小寨沟景区。老潭沟景区山雄水秀,峰高瀑急,而最有名的莫数天瀑了。
“天瀑”是云台山景观之最,也是中华之最,此瀑落差310米,瀑宽约5--7米。天瀑之高雄冠九州,可谓“飞流直下三千尺”。外沟内还有“私语泉”“波浪石坪”“独秀峰”“双秀峰”“路功”等景点。“小寨沟”旧名”小潭沟”,后唐王李世民在此消来了刘武周,此处是隋营唐寨,故名小寨沟。沟内多彩多姿的泉瀑溪流引人入胜,故也称”潭瀑川”。大家请注意,我们现在要乘车通过子房湖旁的修陵公路进入云台山的主峰茱萸峰,茱萸峰山势突兀,为云台山的主峰,海拔1300多米。后来真武帝在此苦志修行成仙而云,此处便成了闻名遐尔的道教圣地,方圆百里的人们常来此烧香求愿,据说十分灵验。渐渐地,人们把这里亲切地称为”小北顶”,就是说这里离北天门很近,常被天神关注,他们会满足人们祷告时的祈求,好再让人们来此烧香还愿。于是有了”烧高香”的说法。至于这到底是不是灵验,大家可以亲自去证实一下,好了茱萸峰到了,请大家下车时拿好自己的东西,爬山时注意安全,两小时后我们在车前集合,希望大家能好好地领略一下云台山的秀丽风光。