《空桑生李》阅读答案(附翻译)5篇

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第一篇:《空桑生李》阅读答案(附翻译)

空桑生李

南顿张助,于田中种禾,见李核,意欲持去,顾见空桑中有土,因殖种,以余浆灌溉。后游人见桑中反复生李,转相告语。有病目痛者息阴①下,言“李君令我目愈,谢以一豚。”目痛小疾,亦行自愈。众犬吠声,因盲者得视,远近翕赫②,其下车马常数千百,酒肉滂沱③。间一岁余,张助远出来还,见之惊曰:“此有何神,乃我所种耳。”因就斫④之。(选自东汉·应劭《风俗通义》)

【注释】

①阴:通“荫”。②翕赫:显耀而乱纷纷的样子。③滂沱:下大雨的样子。此处形容多。④斫:砍。

【译文】

南顿张助在田里种庄稼,看见一个李核,想把它带回去,回头看见桑田的空地里有土,于是就种了进去,用剩下的水浇灌。后来有人看见桑树中一再长出李子,就互相转告,有一个眼痛的病人在桑树下乘凉休息,说:“李子神灵如果让我眼睛病好了,我将献上一头猪来表示感谢。”眼痛的小病,自己也会痊愈。众多的狗叫着,因为那位眼睛有病的人能清晰地看东西了,远近地方的人为之而轰动显现得乱纷纷的样子,那些从车马上下来到桑林中的人常常有成百成千,酒与肉纷纷祭上像下大雨那样多。过了一年,张助从远处回来,看见了这种情况惊讶地说:“这里有什么神呀,这是我种的啊。”于是就跑去把树砍了。

【阅读训练】

1.解释加点词语的意义。

(1)顾见空桑中有土

(2)因殖种,以余浆灌溉

(3)以为神,转相告语(文中没有)

(4)有病目痛者息阴下

(5)间一岁余

2.把下列句子译成现代汉语。

(1)有病目痛者息阴下,言“李君令我目愈,谢以一豚。”

(2)众犬吠声,因盲者得视,远近翕赫,其下车马常数千百,酒肉滂沱。3.本文告诉我们什么道理?

【参考答案】 1.(1)回头(2)剩下(3)辗转(原文没有)(4)休息(5)间隔 2.(1)有一个眼痛的病人在桑树下乘凉休息,说:“李子神灵如果让我眼睛病好了,我将献上一头猪来表示感谢。”

(2)众多的狗叫着,因为那位眼睛有病的人能清晰地看东西了,远近地方的人为之而轰动显现得乱纷纷的样子,那些从车马上下来到桑林中的人常常有成百成千,酒与肉纷纷祭上像下大雨那样多。

3.不研究原因,胡乱地猜想,因讹传讹,无知迷信是可笑的。

第二篇:桑生李树文言文翻译

文言文翻译对于有的同学来说有难度,下面是小编整理的桑生李树文言文翻译,欢迎阅读参考!

桑生李树

未知:佚名

南顿张助,于田中种禾,见李核,欲持去,顾见空桑,中有土,因植种,以余浆溉灌。后人见桑中反复生李,转相告语。有病目痛者,息阴下,言:“李君令我目愈,谢以一豚。”目痛小疾,亦行自愈。众犬吠声,盲者得视,远近翕赫,其下车骑常数千百,酒肉滂沱。间一岁余,张助远出来还,见之,惊云:“此有何神,乃我所种耳。”因就斫之。

译文

南人张助在田里种庄稼,看见一个李核,想把它带回去,又回头看见根部枯空的桑树里有土,所以就种了进去,用剩下的水浇灌。后来有人看见桑树中忽然长出了李子,以为是神,就互相转告,有一个眼痛的病人在树下乘凉,说:李树使我的病好了,我要用一只小猪祭谢。眼痛的小病,自己也会痊愈,众人盲目符合,说是失明的人重见了光明,远近轰动,在边上下车马的常有数千,李树旁摆满了酒肉,过了一年,张助从远处回来,看见了惊讶地说:“这算什么神呀,这是我种的啊。”于是就跑去把树砍了。

注释

空桑:枯空的桑树,老桑树有枯空的树洞

众犬吠声:一种狗叫,其他的狗也跟着叫起来。形容众人盲目附和

翕(xi)赫:轰动、惊动。

滂沱:原来形容雨很大,这里指摆满了酒肉。

顾;;看见。

语;转告。

间;过了。

乃;这。

【启示】

这个故事批评了那些不进行思考就盲目相信自己的眼睛的人们,以及这种不正常的随波逐流的社会心理、社会现象。

带给我们的启示是:要从客观角度出发看待事情,思考问题,解决问题。

拓展:桑中李树的寓言故事

从前有一个人出门,带了一些李子路上吃。他一路走一路津津有味地嚼着李子,一会儿就吃完了,只剩下几个李子核。把李子核扔到哪里去呢?这人一抬头,见旁边几步路远的地方有一棵桑树,不知道因为什么原因,树干上有一个大洞,里面已经空了。于是他就把核顺手扔进了树洞里。想了想,又弄来些泥土填进树洞将李子核种上。他这样做倒也并不是为了种出李子来,只是一时好玩罢了,种完就走了,也没有当成一回事。日子一长,他也慢慢地把这回事给忘了。

再说那被种下的李子核,天下雨时便得到雨水的滋润,在树上栖息的鸟儿拉的粪便成了天然的肥料,时间长了,竟真的发出芽来,长成了一棵李树。有人见到桑树里长出了李树,觉得很神奇,就把这怪事告诉了周围的人。

有个害眼病的人听说了,认为这棵李树可能是一棵神树,就拄着拐杖探索着来到李树下,向它许愿说:“李树啊,您如果能保佑我的眼疾消除,我就献给您一头小猪。”他一说完,就觉得眼睛疼得没那么厉害了。又过了些天,他的眼睛竟慢慢变好了。他高兴极了,逢人就说:“桑树里长出的那棵李树治好了我的眼睛,果真是一棵神树啊!”然后又准备了小猪,叫人敲锣打鼓地抬到李树下去还愿,附近的人都来看热闹,大家都知道了这棵李树是神树。

就这样,“神树”的事一传十、十传百,很快远近的人就都知道了,而且越传越神:“那棵李树能让瞎子重见光明呢!”“那棵李树可以医好百病呢……”人们都带着祭品慕名而来,祭拜这棵“神树”,希望它保佑自己。

过了一年多,当年那个种李树的人又经过这里,听说了“神树”的事,又见到大家争相祭拜它的盛况,就到树边去看个究竟。这一看不要紧,他不禁哑然失笑:“这棵树是我一年前种下的呀,有什么神奇的呢?”

种树人一语中的,“神树”不神,不过是大家捧出来的罢了。那个害眼病的人病好了只是偶然的,或者根本就只是他自己的心理作用帮他医好了病,哪里又是李树保佑的呢?我们遇到非同一般的现象,不要盲从轻信,要以冷静的头脑仔细分析推测,做出科学的解释。

第三篇:桑生李树原文及翻译

导语:桑生李树这个成语大家都有了解过其背后的故事吗?以下是小编为大家分享的桑生李树原文及翻译,欢迎借鉴!

原文:

南顿张助,于田中种禾,见李核,欲持去,顾见空桑,中有土,因植种,以余浆溉灌。后人见桑中反复生李,转相告语,有病目痛者,息阴下,言:“李君令我目愈,谢以一豚。”目痛小疾,亦行自愈。众犬吠声,盲者得视,远近翕赫,其下车骑常数千百,酒肉滂沱。间一岁余,张助远出来还,见之,惊云:此有何神,乃我所种耳。"因就斫之。

译文:

南顿张助在田里种庄稼,看见一个李核,想把它带回去,又看见根部枯空的桑树里有土,所以就种了进去,用剩下的水浇灌。后来有人看见桑树中忽然长出了李子,以为是神,就互相转告,有一个眼痛的病人在树下乘凉,说:李树使我的病好了,我要用一只小猪祭谢。眼痛的小病,自己也会痊愈,众人盲目符合,说是失明的人重见了光明,远近轰动,在边上下车马的常有数千,李树旁摆满了酒肉,过了一年,张助从远处来,看见了惊讶地说:这算什么神呀,这是我种的啊。于是就跑去把树砍了。

注释

空桑:枯空的桑树,老桑树有枯空的树洞

众犬吠声:一种狗叫,其他的狗也跟着叫起来。形容众人盲目附和

翕(xi)赫:轰动、惊动。

滂沱:原来形容雨很大,这里指摆满了酒肉。

顾;;看见。

语;转告。

间;过了。

乃;这。

启示

这个故事批评了那些不进行思考就盲目相信自己的眼睛的人们,以及这种不正常的随波逐流的社会心理、社会现象。

带给我们的启示是:要从客观角度出发看待事情,思考问题,解决问题。

第四篇:《李白传》阅读答案翻译

阅读下面的文言文,完成5~8题。

李白传

白,字太白,山东人。母梦长庚星而诞,因以命之。十岁通五经。自梦笔头生花,后天才赡逸。喜纵横,击剑为任侠,轻财好施。更客任城,与孔巢父、韩准、裴政、张叔明、陶沔居徂徕山中,日沉饮,号竹溪六逸。

天宝初,自蜀至长安,道未振,以所业投贺知章,读至《蜀道难》,叹曰:子,谪仙人也。乃解金龟换酒,终日相乐。遂荐于玄宗。召见金銮殿,论时事。因奏颂一篇。帝喜,赐食,亲为调羹,诏供奉翰林。尝大醉上前,草诏,使高力士脱靴。力士耻之,摘其《清平调》中飞燕事,以激怒贵妃。帝每欲与官,妃辄阻之。白益傲放,与贺之章、李适之、汝阳王琎、崔宗之、苏晋、张旭、焦遂为饮酒八仙人。恳求还山。赐黄金,诏放归。

白浮游四方,欲登华山,乘醉跨驴经县治,宰不知,怒,引至庭下曰:汝何人,敢无礼?白供状不书姓名,曰:曾令龙巾拭吐,御手调羹,贵妃捧砚,力士脱靴。天子门前,尚容走马;华阴县里,不得骑驴?宰惊愧,拜谢曰:不知翰林至此。白长笑而去。尝乘舟,与崔宗之自采石至金陵,著宫锦袍坐,旁若无人。禄山反,明皇在蜀,永王璘节度东南。白时卧庐山,辟为僚佐。璘起兵反,白逃还彭泽。璘败,累系浔阳狱。初,白游并洲,见郭子仪,奇之,曾救其死罪。至是,郭子仪请官以赎,诏长流夜郎。

白晚节好黄、老,度牛渚矶,乘酒捉月,沉水中。初,悦谢家青山,今墓在焉。

选自《唐才子传》

5.下列句中加点词解释不正确的一项是()

A.十岁通五经 通: 通晓

B.白益傲放 益: 更加

C.白时卧庐山,辟为僚佐 辟: 开辟

D.璘败,累系浔阳狱 累系:捆绑

6.下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是()

A.因以命之 衡因上疏陈事

B.以所业投贺知章 何面目以归汉

C.遂荐于玄宗 而君幸于赵王

D.白长笑而去 臣诚恐见欺于王而负赵

7.下列对原文有关内容的分析与概括,不正确的一项是()

A.李母梦见太白金星而生下李白,所以李白的名字中有白字。李白天赋过人,才华横溢。

B.贺知章很欣赏李白的诗才,感叹他是遭贬的仙人。李白后经贺知章的推荐,担任翰林供奉。

C.在朝廷上下,李白都表现出放荡不羁的个性,这说明李白是个决不摧眉折腰事权贵的人。

D.郭子仪曾有恩于李白。后来,李白受牵连下狱,郭子仪又请求用自己的官爵来赎免李白的死罪。

8、把下例文言句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)摘其《清平调》中飞燕事,以激怒贵妃。(3分)

译: ▲ ▲

(2)白游并洲,见郭子仪,奇之,曾救其死罪。(3分)

译: ▲ ▲ ▲

(3)吾儿,久不见若影,何竟日默默在此,大类女郎也。(4分)

译: ▲ ▲ ▲

参考答案及评分细则:

5.C

6.A

7.D

8.①就指摘李白《清平调》中引用的赵飞燕的典故,用来激怒杨贵妃。(摘1分,以1分,句意通顺1分)

②李白漫游到并州,见到郭子仪,感到此人非同寻常,曾解救过郭子仪的死罪。(奇1分,其1分,句意通顺1分)

③我的孩子,很久没有看到你的身影了,为什么整天默默地在这里,像个姑娘一样呢?(若1分,竟日1分,类1分,句意通顺1分)

附参考译文:

李白,字太白,崤山以东人氏。母亲梦见长庚星生下了他,于是用白作他的名,用太白作他的字。李白十岁时就通晓五经,他自己梦见笔头长出花来,此后他天赋过人,才华横溢。李白喜欢纵横之术,练习剑术为打抱不平,他不看重钱财,乐于施舍。又客居任城,与孔巢父、韩准、裴政、张叔明、陶沔住在徂徕山中,天天设酒痛饮,号称竹溪六逸。

天宝初年,李白从蜀中来到京城长安,当时他的本领尚未施展,就把自己所作的诗歌献给贺知章看,贺知章读到《蜀道难》一诗时,感叹地对李白说:你啊,是被贬谪到人间的仙人。于是,解下自己身上的金龟饰物来换酒,与李白整天为乐。于是向玄宗推荐了李白。玄宗在金銮殿召见了李白,与他谈论时局国政。李白献上颂文一篇,皇上很高兴,赐给他饭食,并亲手为他调匀肉汤,降旨任命李白为翰林供奉。李白曾在皇上面前大醉,起草诏书,让高力士为他脱靴。高力士以此为羞辱,就指摘李白《清平调》中引用的赵飞燕的典故,用来激怒杨贵妃。皇帝每次想要给李白官做,贵妃总是阻止。李白更加高傲放达,与贺知章、李适之、汝阳王李琎、崔宗之、苏晋、张旭、焦遂并称为饮酒八仙人。后来他恳求回乡。玄宗赏赐给他黄金,下诏让他回家。

李白云游四方,打算登华山,带着醉意跨在驴身上,路过县衙门,县令不认识李白,十分生气,派人把李白带到公堂上问道:你是什么人,敢这样无礼!李白在供词中不写姓名,只写:呕吐后曾使皇上用手巾擦嘴,吃饭时皇上亲手为调匀肉汤,写字时杨贵妃捧着砚台,高力士帮着脱靴。在天子殿门前尚许我纵马奔驰;华阴县衙门口,却不能骑驴而过?县令看了,又惊又愧,忙行礼道歉说:不知道是翰林学士来到此地。李白大笑着扬长而去。李白曾与崔宗之一起坐船从采石矶到金陵,他身穿宫中特制的绸袍坐在船上,旁若无人。安禄山叛乱时,玄宗避难蜀中,永王李璘统管东南地区。李白当时高卧隐居于庐山之上,被李璘招聘为军中幕僚。后来李璘起兵造反,李白潜逃回到彭泽。李璘失败后,李白受牵连被关在浔阳的监狱中。当初,李白漫游到并州,见到郭子仪,感到此人非同寻常,曾解救过郭子仪的死罪。到这时,郭子仪向朝廷申请解除自己的官爵来赎免李白的死罪,于是皇上下旨把李白改判为流放夜郎。

李白晚年喜欢黄帝、老子的道家学说,在牛渚矶泛舟,带着醉意捕捉月亮,就沉到水底去了。当初,李白喜欢谢家青山,如今他的墓还在那里。

第五篇:翻译暑假作业附答案

With our shared interests and notorious 'special relationship', it is often thought that Britons and Americans are cut from the same cloth.由于共同的利益和出了名的“特殊关系”,英国人和美国人常被认为如出一辙。However, a new survey has revealed that people from both sides of the Atlantic have wildly different personalities.然而,一项最新调查表明,大西洋两岸的两国人民性格差异极大。

Up to 20,000 Britons and Americans took part in a visual personality test which involved selecting which image they most identified with in certain categories.共两万英国人和美国人参加了一项图像性格测试,测试内容包括在特定图片里选择一张最符合自己的图片。

And, as well as confirming some long-held stereotypes, it also appears to confirm that the famous British stiff upper lip still exists.调查还验证了外界长期持有的刻板形象,测试也证实英国人依然是出了名的沉稳内敛。

As reported by The Times, Americans are more likely to be 'caring' or 'energetic optimists' while Britons are twice as likely to be described as 'downhearted'.根据《泰晤士报》报道,美国人更“体贴”、“活力充沛、积极乐观”,而英国人则双倍的“消沉沮丧”。

However, Britons also emerged as more likely to be chilled out.不过,英国人更放松平静。

came when Britons and Americans were asked about romance.还有一项由Visual DNA主持的研究显示了英国人和美国人对待罗曼史的不同点态度。

Briton's are more reserved and less likely to share romantic secrets with friends, family and colleagues.Americans, however, are four times more likely to be called a 'true romantic'.They are more flirtatious and much more likely to take a sexual attitude towards love.英国人比较矜持,不太和朋友、家人及同事分享私人感情。美国人全然不同,称得上“真正的浪漫者”的数量是英国人的四倍。他们喜欢调情,更倾向于性。British people, on the other hand, are five times more likely to be called 'more reserved'.而另一方面,被称为“保守者”的英国人可能是美国人的五倍。

The survey results appear to confirm what actor Michael Caine once famously said.这个调查结果正好验证了演员迈克尔·肯恩的名言。

'I think what is British about me is my feelings and awareness of others and their situations.“我想我性格中英国人的方面在于我顾及他人及他们所处的环境。”

'English people are always known to be well mannered and cold but we are not cold-we don't interfere in your situation.“英国人一向被认为礼貌而冷漠,但我们并不冷漠,我们只是不介入你的处境。”

go home and cry on our own.'

“如果我们心碎了,我们并不会在人前一脸悲苦,我们会回家哭泣。” Another intriguing insight into attitudes came when people were asked about money.他们各自的金钱观也非常有意思。

British people are three times more likely to be described as 'careful spenders' or 'home improvers' than their counterparts in the U.S.英国人被视作“谨慎花钱的人”或“家庭贡献者”的可能性是美国人的四倍。However, Americans display almost entirely opposite characteristics.They are 13 times more likely to 'flash their cash' and show off their money.美国人完全相反,他们炫耀手中钞票的可能性是英国人的13倍。Passage 2 Goldman Sachs CEO Lloyd Blankfein gave the keynote address at LaGuardia Community College's 41st commencement today at the Javits Center in Manhattan.高盛集团首席执行官劳尔德-贝兰克梵在曼哈顿贾维茨中心参加了拉瓜迪亚社区大学的第41届毕业典礼并发表演讲。

He delivered his address to an audience of around 1,000 graduates from the college.劳尔德-贝兰克梵在有约1000名毕业生参加的这次活动中发表了演讲。

projects in Brooklyn and working his way to becoming the CEO of Goldman Sachs.他在发言中谈及了自己在布鲁克林街区长大,并最终成为高盛集团首席执行官的经历。

He also gave some advice for the graduating class telling them to be confident, find a job they like, be a “well-rounded, complete person”, give back to the community, keep an open mind, surround themselves with ambitious people and put themselves in situations with the opportunity for growth.他同时向毕业生们提出了一些建议,包括要自信,要找到自己喜欢的工作,做一个“全面、完整的人”,要回报社会,保持开放的心态,要与有野心的人为伍,要积极投身到有利成长的机会中。Here's his full speech: 以下是劳尔德-贝兰克梵演讲的全文:

President Mellow, distinguished faculty, friends, family, and the Graduating Class of 2013.麦罗校长,各位尊敬的老师,朋友,家人以及2013年的毕业生们:

It is a great honor for me to share in your accomplishment and pride today.But I must admit that I approached this address with some trepidation.I suppose that more commencement speeches have been delivered more seriously, listened to more attentively, and forgotten more promptly than any other form of human communication.我很荣幸能在今天分享你们的成就和荣耀。但是我必须承认,我是带着一些不安来参加这次活动的。我想,曾经有更多更认真的毕业典礼发言,收到更加用心地倾听,但是相比其他任何沟通形式,也更加迅速地被遗忘。

experience.And my own experience, in many respects, is not that different from many of yours.所以,我会尽量简短而实用。我的全部建议都是来自我自己的经历。而我的经历,从很多方面来看,和你们当中的很多并没有什么不同。

I grew up with the idea that college was more an aspiration than an expectation.I saw my parents struggle most of their lives and the daily battle to keep afloat sometimes even drained what hopes and dreams they had for me.They didn't go to college and neither did my only, older sibling.在我成长的环境中,大学更多是一个美好愿望而不是理所当然的事情。我见证我父母大半生的奋斗,每天仅为了维持生计而努力工作,有时甚至会打消任何他们对我的期望和梦想。他们都没有上过大学,我唯一的兄长也没有读过大学。My father sorted mail for the post office.He worked nights because it paid 10% more than a day shift.My mother was a receptionist at a burglar alarm company — one of the few growth industries in our neighborhood.I grew up in the Linden Houses, which, as some of you know, is a housing project in East New York.我的父亲在邮局整理邮件。他选择夜班工作只是因为报酬比白班多了10%,我的母亲是一个防盗警报公司的接待员——这也是我所在社区为数不多的增长行业之一。我在林登小区长大,你们当中的很多都知道,这是纽约东区的一个住宅项目。

It was and is a tough neighborhood, though it produced some accomplished people who, despite or because of their background, did well.I attended Thomas Jefferson high school, which has since shut down as a high school and operates different training programs for various skills.Up until high school, I shared a small apartment with my extended family, which included my grandmother, my sister and my nephew.但是也产生了一些有成就的人,有些是因为这一背景而成功,有些是因为克服了这一背景而做出了成绩。我在托马斯-杰斐逊高中毕业,学校在之后关闭了高中部,仅仅提供多种技能培训项目。直到高中毕业,我一直和我庞大的家庭分享一间小小的公寓,包括了我的奶奶,我的妹妹和我的侄儿。Passage 3 有一种人我最不喜欢和他下棋,那便是太有涵养的人。杀死他一大块,或是抽了他一个车,他神色自若,不动火,不生气,好像是无关痛痒,使得你觉得索然寡味。君子无所争,下棋却是要争的。当你给对方一个严重威胁的时候,对方的头上青筋暴露,黄豆般的汗珠一颗颗地在额上陈列出来,或哭丧着脸作惨笑,或咕嘟着嘴作吃屎状,或抓耳挠腮,或大叫一声,或长吁短叹,或自怨自艾口中念念有词,或一串串的噎嗝打个不休,或红头涨脸如关公,种种现象,不一而足,这时节你“行有余力”便可以点起一支烟,或啜一碗茶,静静地欣赏对方的苦闷的象征。我想猎人困逐一只野兔的时候,其愉快大概略相仿佛。因此我悟出一点道理,和人下棋的时候,如果有机会使对方受窘,当然无所不用其极,如果被对方所窘,便努力作出不介意状,因为既不能积极地给对方以烦恼,只好消极地减少对方的乐趣。背景介绍

《下棋》是梁实秋散文中较有代表性的一篇,其显著特点之一,就是细致入微地写出了下棋、观棋和悟棋的独到而深刻的感受。下棋的最大乐趣在于自己局势有利时,静静地欣赏对方痛苦不堪的种种窘态。梁实秋先生一口气用了八个“或”字,把对方的窘态绘声绘色、惟妙惟肖地列举出来,使人如临其境,如闻其声。而在自己处于下风时,也应不动声色,减少对方的乐趣。难点解析

1.君子无所争: “君子”即 “gentleman”,“争”即 “竞争”(contest),下棋也算是两人间的比赛,所以这里选用“contest”。全句译为“A real gentleman seldom contests with others.”。

“下棋却是要争的”:这里的“争”也有 “竞争”的意思,但更含有一种想赢的心态,因此译为“do sb.down”,有“胜过某人”的意思。全句译为“He will, however, seek to do his opponent down in a game of chess.”。3.“当你给对方一个严重威胁的时候”:译为“when you put him on the spot”,词组“put sb.on the spot”意思是“使人为难,使某人陷入窘境”。4.“头上青筋暴露”:“青筋”即“blue veins”,全句译为“see blue veins standing out on his temples”,“头上”译为“on the temples”,“temple”指“太阳穴”。

5.“黄豆般的汗珠”: “黄豆般的”即“the size of soybean”,故词组译为“drops of cold sweat the size of soybean”。

6.“一颗颗地在额上陈列出来”:“一颗颗”并不需要译出,因为前面的“drops”一词已经体现出来 了。

7.“哭丧着脸作惨笑”:“哭丧着脸”译为“a long face”,即“闷闷不乐的,不悦的脸色”。“惨笑”译为“a wan smile”,“wan”原意为“无血色的,苍白的”。全句译为 “...wear a wan smile on his long face”。8.“咕嘟着嘴作吃屎状”:意思是 “涵养低的人落下风时嘟囔着嘴心情不好”,译为 “purse his lips in displeasure”,“purse”指“皱起,缩拢”。9.“抓耳挠腮”:“scratch his head”。

10.“大叫一声”:“let out a sharp cry”。“cry”一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。“shout”指有意识地高声喊叫,常用于提出警告、发出指令或唤起注意等。“exclaim ”多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。“roar”指发出大而深沉的声音、吼叫或咆哮。“scream”指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出的尖叫声。“shriek”指因惊恐、痛苦等或其他感情而发出比scream更为尖锐、刺耳的叫声。“yell”多指求援、鼓励时的呼叫,也可指因外界因素刺激而发出尖厉的声音。“call”指大声说话或喊叫,以引起某人 的注意。

“长吁短叹” :译为“sigh and groan”。“sigh”即“叹息,叹气 ”,“groan”即 “呻吟,抱怨”。

12.“自怨自艾口中念念有词”:“自怨自艾”译为“bitterly”即可“口中念念有词”译为 “repent his folly”,“repent”指 “后悔、忏悔”,“folly”指“愚蠢、荒唐事”。

13.“一串串的噎嗝打个不休”: “打嗝译为 “hiccup”,全句译为“keep hiccupping unceasingly”。

14.“红头涨脸如关公” :译为“flush crimson with shame”。“flush”即“发红,发亮”。“crimson”即 “深红色”。15.“行有余力”: “feeling carefree”。

16.“啜一碗茶”: “啜”在这里译为名词 “sip”,“sip”有 “啜饮、抿、小口喝”的意思,全句译为 “take a sip from your teacup”。17.“静静地欣赏对方 的苦 闷的象征”:“欣赏”译为“savor ”,因为“savor ”有 “尽情享受”的意思,可 以体现出 占上风者 的从容、惬意。全句译为 “savor the signs of your opponent’s discomfort”。

18.“我想猎人 困逐一只野兔 的时候,其愉快大概略相仿佛”:“其愉快大概略相仿佛”译为“the pleasure is by no means less than...”,用“by no means less than”表示做强调。“猎人困逐一只野兔”要注意“困”字,可以译为“at one’s mercy”,表示野兔任其摆布。全句译为“The pleasure you have from it, I believe, is by no means less than that a hunter gets from a deadbeat rabbit at his mercy.”。参考译文

The last man I would like to play chess with is a man with too much self-control.When he sees a huge piece of his position taken by his opponent(as in Go), or a chariot, lost to his opponent through an erroneous move(as in Chinese chess), he remains calm and unruffled, as

you feel flat and insipid.A real gentleman seldom contests with others;he will, however, seek to do his opponent down in a game of chess.When you put him on the spot, you can expect to see blue veins standing out on his temples and drops of cold sweat the size of soybean appearing on his forehead.He will either wear a warm smile on his long face, or purse his lips in displeasure, or scratch his head, or let out a sharp cry, or sigh and groan, or bitterly repent his folly, or keep hiccupping unceasingly, or flush crimson with shame, and such like.And at such a moment, feeling care-free, you can light a cigarette or just take a sip from your teacup and savor the signs of your opponent ’s discomfort.The pleasure you have from it, I believe, is by no means less than that a hunter gets from a deadbeat rabbit at his mercy.And from this I have found out something—when engaged in a game of chess, you should resort to every conceivable means to embarrass your opponent, and try hard to remain calm when you yourself fall into difficulty.If you are unable to cause your opponent to suffer, why not try to let him find as little pleasure as possible from your trouble? Passage 4 隐逸的生活似乎在传统意识中一直被认为是幸福的至高境界。但这种孤傲遁世同时也是孤独的,纯粹的隐者实属少数,而少数者的满足不能用来解读普世的幸福模样。

有道是小隐隐于野,大隐隐于市。真正的幸福并不隐逸,可以在街市而不是丛林中去寻找。晨光,透过古色古香的雕花窗棂,给庭院里精致的盆景慢慢地化上一抹金黄的淡妆。那煎鸡蛋的“刺啦”声袅袅升起,空气中开始充斥着稚嫩的童音、汽车启动的节奏、夫妻间甜蜜的道别,还有邻居们简单朴素的问好。(节选自《新民晚报》2009年11月19日)背景介绍

意皆美,犹如一幅随意浸染的写意画,旨在唤起身处在物质财富日趋丰富、人际关系渐趋淡漠的现代社会中的人们对简单却又充满人情味的岁月的美好回忆。正如美国散文家罗纳德• 邓肯(Ronald Duncan)所言:“It would seem that happiness is something to do with simplicity, and that it is the ability to extract pleasure from the simplest things.”。难点解析

1.隐逸的生活: “隐逸的”意为“隔绝的”,故译为 “a secluded life”。2.幸福的至高境界:the supreme state of happiness。

3.孤傲遁世:意为“冷漠处世,独自隐居”,故可译为 “aloofness and retirement”。

4.“纯粹的”可以用genuine 来表示,recluse: a person who leads a secluded or solitary life(隐 士),故 “纯粹的隐者”译为“genuine recluses”。5.不能用来:does not suffice to,suffice to 为固定词组,表示 “能够干”。6.解读普世的幸福模样 :construe what happiness is for all,construe意为“to understand or explain the sense(解读,解释)”。

7.有道是小隐隐于野,大隐隐于市 :意为所谓的隐士看破红尘隐居于山林只是形式上的“隐”而已,而真正达到物我两忘的心境,反而能在最世俗的市朝中排除嘈杂的干扰,自得其乐,因此他们隐居于市朝才是心灵的升华所在。出处可参照白居易的《中隐》。故可译为 “As a common saying goes, while the ‘lesser hermit ’ lives in seclusion in the country, the ‘greater hermit ’ does so in the city.”。

8.晨光:the early morning sunshine。9.透过:filters through。

古色古香的雕花窗棂 :the carved old-style latticed windows on the walls。

11.精致的盆景 :the exquisite potted plants。12.化上一抹金黄的淡妆:faintly gild...。

13.煎鸡蛋的“刺啦”声 :这里将名词转化为动词,sizzle意为“a h issin g soun d(as of something frying over a fire)(发出的咝咝声)”,故译为 “eggs sizzle in frying pans”。14.充斥着:fill with。

15.稚嫩的童音:the soft voices of children。

16.汽车启动的节奏:the chugging rhythm of car engine。

17.夫妻间甜蜜的道别:the sweet exchange of goodbyes between husbands and wives。

18.邻居们简单朴素的问好:the brief greetings among neighbors。参考译文

A secluded life has traditionally been deemed, as it seems, the supreme state of happiness, although such aloofness and retirement breed loneliness as well.Few people in fact end up as genuine recluses, whose contentment does not suffice to construe what happiness is for all.As a common saying goes, while the “lesser hermit”lives in seclusion in the country, the “greater hermit”does so in the city.Not necessarily in solitude does reside true happiness which can be found in busy streets rather than in the woods.Here in the city lanes the early morning sunshine filters through the carved old-style latticed windows on the walls and faintly gilds the exquisite

begins to fill with rising sounds: the soft voices of children, the chugging rhythm of car engines, the sweet exchange of goodbyes between husbands and wives, as well as the brief greetings among neighbors.(译文选自第二十二届韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛)Passage 5 The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的,在这种经济中,消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.因此,在美国的经济体系中,个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合,一起决定了什么应该被制造,以及资源如何被用来制造它们。

If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.另一方面,如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降,那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给,而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消 费者购买产品。

In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.在美国经济中,私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权,也指其他一些特定的权利,如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位)自由签定合同的权利。

At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的,哪些员工工作效率最高,这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。Passage 6 1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店,送走了最后一批客人,已是次日凌晨3点了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡,披衣走到窗前,往外看去,只见四周峰峦叠翠,湖面波光粼粼。望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊,我想了许多,许多……

这次到台湾访问交流,虽然行程匆匆,但是,看了不少地方,访了旧友,交了新知,大家走到一起,谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中,有着各自不同的生活经历,但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记,都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。在世纪之交的伟大时代,我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强,海峡两岸人民也将加强交流,共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨

大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪,这是我们必须回答的问题。

日月潭水波不兴,仿佛与我一同在思索……

On february 2, 1997, our delegation checked into the Zhongxin hotel by the side of the riyuetai lake.It was already 3 o'clock early the next morning by the time I saw off the last group of guests.For a long time, I could not fall asleep, even though I was comfortably lying in the bed.Putting on my clothes again, I got off the bed and walked to the window.Extending my eyes into the distance through the window, I was greeted by the view of the surrounding mountains and hills shrouded in layered greenness and the silvery flickering of waves scuttling across the surface of the pool.Looking at the sole naturally-formed picturesque lake in Taiwan, I felt an infinite train of thoughts passing through my mind …

The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances.Whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century.Although the young people on the mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts(environments / milieus), with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture.They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation(they share the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation).In this great epoch at the turn of the century, our motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness.People across the Taiwan straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland.The precious opportunities and the tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground(forefront)of the historical arena(stage).At this transitional phase between the two millennia, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to seek an answer.In the riyuetai lake, the waves across the lake surface have by now all vanished.enveloped in utter tranquility, the lake has joined me in deep thoughts…

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