新视野大学英语4第三版英语文章译文(1、2、6、8单元)

第一篇：新视野大学英语4第三版英语文章译文(1、2、6、8单元)

Unit2 令人困惑的对美的追求 如果你是一位男士，肯定在某个时候会有女士问你她看起来怎么样。对于如何应对这个问题，你一定得小心。最好的对策就是给一个诚实但又谨慎的回答，然后借口有急事马上脱身。相信我，这是最简单的方法。对于她的这一问题，无论你事先练习多少次，都不会找到正确答案。其原因是，男性和女性对外表的看法截然不同。大多数男性对自己外表的评价在七年级时就形成了，而且终生不变。有些男性认为自己有不可抗拒的魅力，即使随着年龄的增长，他们头发掉光了，脸上布满皱纹，他们仍然拒绝改变这种看法。我相信，大多数男性都不会对自己的相貌感到过分自傲。如果他们偶尔想到自己外表的话，他们愿意认为自己样貌中等。长相普通不会使他们有任何烦恼，因为普通就已经是很好了。男性不是特别注重自己的外貌，也不会从美学的角度去审视自己。他们的打扮方式主要就是刮刮胡子，就像打理自家草坪一样。对于一位男性来说，如果能花四分钟刮刮胡子，结束之后再把粘到头发上的剃须膏擦净，又没有出血太厉害，他就觉得自己已经尽心尽力了。女性可不是这样看待自己的。如果非要我猜测大多数女性对自己的相貌是如何评价的话，那肯定是：“还不够好。” 一位女士，无论她看起来多么吸引人，她对自己的看法总是由于受美容业的影响而蒙着一层阴影。要她认为“我很漂亮”是一件难事。她把身体上的极小的不完美之处加以放大，并且幻想这些缺点十分明显，以至于全世界的人都会注意到并且嘲笑她。为什么女性会把自己的外貌想得这么差呢？ 这种长期的不安全感并不是与生俱来的，而是由许多复杂的心理和社会因素的相互作用造成的，从小时候大人们给她们买洋娃娃时就开始了。女孩成长过程中摆弄的洋娃娃，如果按照身材比例还原为真人大小的话，就会是7英尺高，61 英磅重，大腿纤细，上身丰满。要达到这样的标准是很荒唐的，尤其是当我们想想那种洋娃娃的腰围尺寸，就知道其相对尺寸对任何一个活人来说都是不可企及的。与女孩玩具的这种荒唐标准相比，小男孩们得到的“动作玩偶”却是完全不同的模样。大多数男孩的玩具都样貌古怪，例如那个叫作“蜜蜂侠”的玩偶，一半像人，一半像会飞的昆虫。这个玩偶尽管样子不好看，但仍然非常自信。你肯定无法想象他会问别人说：“这个配饰的紫罗兰色和这件外套配不配呢？” 然而，女性在成长过程中却认为自己应该长得像芭比娃娃或杂志的封面女郎那样，这对大多数女性来说是不可能的。尽管如此，产值达几十亿美元的美容业，在超市化妆品销售专区的配合下，总是在不停地攻击着女性的自尊，使其相信自己只有购买最新的保湿面霜、古铜散粉，以及各种美容器具，才能“激发和恢复”肌肤活力。我曾经看过一期《奥普拉脱口秀》，在节目中，超级名模辛迪·克劳馥和演播室里的观众分享了自己的化妆秘诀。辛迪要求这些中年妇女在脸上敷上黏土面膜和其他去皱产品；她还强调一定要遵守这些方法，例如：往脸上涂抹这些产品时，要用指尖，这样可以保护皮肤的弹性。所有这些妇女都非常忠实地按照辛迪说的做了。可是对任何一个理智的旁观者来说，无论她们如何认真地使用这些产品，她们都不可能拥有辛迪那样的面容或肤色。我并不是说男性优于女性。我的意思是你不可能让一群中年男子在布拉德·皮特的指导下把化妆品敷到自己脸上，期望自己能看起来更像布拉德。与女性不同，男性的外貌美不是社会所关注的唯一焦点。人们会鼓励男性借助其他特征来提升自尊。他们也许会对布拉德说：“是吗？那么帅哥，你对草坪维护又知道多少？” 当然，女性会争辩说她们对外表的热衷追求是出于对来自男性的压力的一种反应。而事实是，大多数男性认为美丽不仅仅来自于口红和香水，而且他们也不会去注意这些额外的细节。四十多年来，我在听男性谈论女性时，从来没有一次听到过哪位男性这样说：“她的指甲真漂亮啊！” 对大多数男性来说，像指甲这样小的东西看起来都一样，无论一个女士的指甲是用粉色指甲油涂得完美无瑕，还是光光的毫无修饰，男性都一概视而不见。女性参与这种极端的从众行为，实际上是把自己置于其他女性的审视之下，因为只有那些女性才有资格评价她们所付出的努力。但是，如此费力地去取悦男性而他们却根本不会注意，同时又只是招致其他女性的指责，这样做究竟有什么好处呢？ 不管怎样，言归正传：如果你是一位男性，当有女士问你她看起来怎么样时，你千万不能说她看起来很糟糕，那样肯定会使她立刻迁怒于你，这也是你咎由自取。但是，你也不能慷慨地大放空洞之词，赞美她的鞋子和裙子是多么相配，因为她知道你是在说谎。她已经花费了无数个小时发愁自己的容貌不能和辛迪·克劳馥的一样。而且，也许因为你的头发和耳廓上粘着剃须膏，她会怀疑你根本没有资格对任何人的外表给出主观评价。

Unit8 有意义的人生 一位动物权利保护运动的天使的去世还比不上一个沉溺于毒品的摇滚明星的死亡。所以，亨利·斯皮拉在1998 年9月因癌症去世的消息根本没有引起公众的注意，只是《纽约时报》上刊登了一则简短的讣告。但是亨利 · 斯皮拉的一生让我们懂得了一些重要的东西，不仅关于现代动物权益保护运动，而且还有一个人改变现代社会的可能性。第一次见到亨利，是我在纽约大学教一个成人教育研修班时他前来听课。我开设了一门关于“动物解放”的课程，吸引了大约20名学生。其中一名学生很另类，完全和通常意义上“动物权利保护者”的形象背道而驰。他的衣着邋遢，头发也未曾梳理。他说话非常直率并且粗俗，有时我甚至认为，我好像是在听一个暴力团伙的杀手在讲话。但是，我情不自禁地被他那种直截了当的说话方式，还有他那庄重的、不是出于宗教目的要帮助处于困境中的动物的誓言吸引住了。在那之后，我很快就离开了纽约。但是有一天，我接到了亨利的电话。他和我聊起了他的工作。我知道，一个多世纪以来，动物权益运动的倡导者一直通过散发带图画的手册、传单以及音频宣传材料，来引起公众对那些可怕的动物实验的关注。但与此同时，用于实验的动物数量从原来区区几百骤增到三千多万。没有哪位活动家曾成功阻止过一项实验或改善了蜗居在狭小困笼中的动物的生活。亨利却改变了这一切。他早期的运动之一就是使一间用毒蒸汽在大约60只兔子身上做实验的实验室被永久关闭。取得上述成功之后，亨利马上转向更大的目标。他谴责露华浓公司用兔子检测化妆品对眼睛可能造成的伤害。他还给露华浓施加了强大的压力，说服其投入75万美元进行研究，以寻找替代方法。雅芳、百时美及其他大型化妆品公司看到露华浓险些遭到抵制，担心自己也会招致同样的愤怒，所以很快也都纷纷效仿。虽然他们的研究历经10年才取得成果，但是正是亨利所作出的这种公开而又明智的监督，才使得这么多化妆品公司现在可以如实地说，他们的产品没有在动物身上进行实验。经过几十年为弱势及受压迫群体所做的抗争，亨利变得非常善于策划各种活动。他在与露华浓的抗衡中获胜，靠的不是财富、立法者或庞大的政府的帮助。他学会了如何发起能够唤醒公众意识的活动，如何开展渎职诉讼以便成功起诉大公司，以及如何为这一事业建立忠实的支持者团队。我们经常认为社会已经变得太大、太官僚，从而个体不可能改变它。在面对强大的跨国公司、冷漠的执政部门和众多复杂的议会规则时，单单一个人，不管他多么具有人道主义，多么富有激情，又如何能促成改变呢？ 亨利的一生都致力于阻止无辜又无助的动物遭受痛苦，尤其是那些被用于研究的动物。他没有袖手旁观，也没有试图为他所看到的苦难复仇。亨利是个很实际的人。他采取了行动。他向公众呼吁，并做了各种成套的宣传材料来帮助普通人成为积极的参与者。1996 年4月21日，我给亨利发了一份传真，告诉他我正在考虑写一本记录其生平和事业的书。我问他我是否可以6月份过去和他待几天，以讨论这一事宜。当天晚上亨利就给我打了电话。他说他很愿意由我来写这本书，但是他不确定自己6月下旬是否还会活在世上。他解释说他已经被确诊得了癌症，所以问我能不能早点来。6 天后我就到了纽约。亨利瘦了很多，而且也没有了我以前在他身上看到的精力。他的生命只剩几个月了。死亡似乎正在向他逼近。11 尽管如此，亨利最了不起的一点就是，你根本看不到他有一丝一毫的沮丧。他说他一直过得很好，因而拒绝听我说同情和安慰的话。他说，他做了自己想做的事，而且很享受所做的一切，为什么要感到沮丧呢？ 亨利的生命并没有像医生预言的那么快终止。在接下来的两年里，他一直坚持工作，通过采访和问卷调查的方式，帮助我准备写书需要的材料。在我开始动笔的时候，我从来没想到亨利能看到完整的初稿，但是他一直活到亲眼看到书在纽约的书店出售。然后，不到一个星期，他就去世了，当时身上穿着他最喜欢的条纹睡衣。一个人活得好的一个根本标志就是，在他回首自己人生的时候，他对自己的成就感到满意，而且能够冷静地接受死亡、面对永恒。亨利的人生似乎缺少了我们大多数人想当然地认为美好人生所必须具备的很多东西。他一生未婚，也从未经历过长期的恋爱同居关系；他没有孩子或别的继承人；他从来不去音乐会、剧院或高级饭店；他也没有给生活艰难者带去抗生素或是给贫困者接种疫苗。他从来没有像我们的漫画书中那些披着斗篷的社会改革家那样被称为英雄。他死后墓地上也没有什么精致的墓碑。他只是关心社会中脆弱的生灵。是什么让亨利·斯皮拉的生活富有深度、目标明确呢？ 在他的这种生活中，他，以及其他人，又发现了什么有意义的东西呢？

Unit6 男人背负的重担 当我还是个小男孩时，我住在弗吉尼亚州一个偏远的地区，那时我所认识的男人们从清晨的第一声公鸡啼鸣一直劳作到日落。他们都是些不起眼的农民、牧羊人，勉强度日，或是焊接工、钢铁工或木匠；他们制作橱柜、挖掘沟渠、开采煤炭，或驾驶卡车，这使他们拥有肌肉结实的上臂。他们训练马匹、填塞炉膛、制造轮胎，站在装配线上将零件焊接到冰箱，或是给汽车发动机上润滑剂。到了傍晚或周末，他们也要同样辛苦地劳作，在自己的一小片土地上耕作，修理出了问题的汽车，修复坏掉的百叶窗和漏风的窗户。在仅剩的闲暇时间里，他们会在当地的啤酒作坊或赛马场附近的酒馆里用盛在廉价铜杯中的啤酒将自己灌得烂醉。我所认识的那些男人的身躯遭受着种种看得见或看不见的扭曲和伤痛。搬运沉重的物品给他们很多人造成了脊柱病和可怕的伤痛。有些人断了肋骨，掉了手指。在传输带上不停地工作使他们有些人患了溃疡。他们的脚踝和膝盖由于经年累月站立在水泥地上疼痛不已。有些人由于焊接火光损伤视觉感官而遭受部分视觉缺失的折磨。有些时候，打量着他们，我会害怕长大。在我们周围的人中，父亲们看上去总是比母亲们要老。男人衰老得更早，长期遭受着因持续劳作带来的病痛。只有女人才活到年老。3 还有士兵也是男人的工作。据我所知，他们几乎不工作，但当战争一打响，他们很多人都会出于爱国热情而战死在疆场或异域前哨的堡垒前。这就是士兵的作用——他们就像工具，如同扳钳、锤子或螺丝一样。这些并非男人们唯一的归宿，我从曾经有过的几位男教师、从看书及看电视中认识到了这一点。但是，那些上电视的男人们——新闻评论员、律师、医生、课征税款的政治家及发号施令的老板们——在我看来就像古老绘画上的人像，遥远而不真实。我不能想象自己长大会变成这些精明世故的人中的一员，就像我无法想象自己能变成一个权力至高无上的国君一样。一份奖学金使我得以上大学，这可是我社交圈子里极其难得的荣耀。不仅如此，它还让我能够穿行于为富人家的孩子打造的史上著名的大学殿堂里。就在这里，我生平头一次碰到女人告诉我说男人是有罪的，因为他们把地球上所有的欢乐和特权都据为己有。我被弄糊涂了，要求她们予以解释。什么特权？ 什么欢乐？ 我想到家乡大多数男人那种艰难严酷、伤痛累累的生活。人们所说的他们从妻子和女儿那里偷走的东西又能是些什么呢？ 难道是每周五天、每年十二个月，如此三四十年里挤缩在纺织厂狭小的空间里，或是在煤矿下挣扎着从岩石般坚硬的泥土中挖出最后一点煤的劳作的权力？ 战死疆场的权利？ 修缮屋顶上每条裂缝和围栏上每个断栏的权利？ 为一个遥远的城市某个富裕财团垒积钱钞的权利？ 在遭遇解雇或煤矿倒闭时感到既害怕又羞耻的权利？ 在这样一个满是富人的陌生世界里，我在理解女人们深深的怨怒方面很是迟钝。这是因为，当我还是一个小男孩时，我就嫉妒过她们。在上大学之前，我所认识的唯一对艺术、音乐或文学有兴趣的人，唯一看上去能够享受一丝自在的一群人就是那些做母亲和女儿的人。而且，她们也不必去参加战争。与父亲们所遭受的狭隘的、封闭的日子相比，母亲们所承担的相对较轻的工作显得更加宽泛一些。她们剪用购物券，探访邻居，在学校或教堂跑跑腿。我仿佛是透过望远镜看到她们的生活，满是闪烁的星星和一缕缕光线，而漏掉了她们生活岁月的真实细节。毋庸置疑，如果我用更具理性的方式审视她们的生活，我就不会那么嫉妒她们了。可在那时，我实在看不出一幢房子能成为什么样的牢狱，因为房子在我看来比任何厂房都更亮堂、更体面。我也没有意识到女人是多么频繁地遭受男人的欺凌，因为这样的事情从未被提及过。即使在那时，我也能够看出一个母亲整日忙碌着应付年幼孩子们的需要是多么地辛苦。但是，作为男孩，如果我那时必须在照顾婴儿和照看机器之间作选择，我想我会选择照顾婴儿。所以，当学校里的女性大吵大囔，谴责我和我所属的性别，说我们霸占着世间的欢乐时，我很困惑。她们要求从性别歧视的束缚中解放出来。我认为别的男孩（女孩也一样）也会有我这样的迷惑，只要他们成长于一贫如洗的农村，成长于码头边或工厂附近——成长于任何让男人和女人的命运同样苍白和严酷的地方。当我在大学里遇到的那些女子们想到男人的享乐和特权时，她们并没有见过我以前认识的那些男人。这些特权阶层的、共和党男人的女儿们渴望继承她们父亲的权力和凌驾世界的贵族身份。她们渴望能对自己的未来拥有发言权。而我也渴望这样。我和这些女儿们之间的区别在于，她们看我时想到的是，我因为自己的性别而自出生起就注定可以成为像她们父亲那样的人，从而也是她们实现自己欲望的敌人。但我比她们更清楚，无论是事实上还是情感上，我都不是她们欲望的敌人。我是她们反抗行动的同盟者。如果那时我就知道如何把这些告诉她们，或如何在中间做一个调停人，她们会相信我吗？ 她们能够理解吗？

Unit1 爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事 在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。她拥有合适的家庭背景，足以胜任一名坚忍而睿智的律师的女友。如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半，我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。“光彩照人”，她已经是了。而我也能施予她足够多的“智慧之珠”，让她变得“谈吐优雅”。在一起外出度过了美好的一天之后，我驱车来到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡树下。我的想法有些怪异。而这个地方能够俯瞰灯火灿烂的城区，我觉得它会使人的心情变轻松。我们呆在车子里，我调低了音响并把脚从刹车上挪开。“我们要谈些什么？”她问道。“逻辑学。” “好酷啊，”她一边嚼着口香糖一边说。“逻辑学的原理，”我说道，“即清晰思考的主要原则。逻辑上出现的问题会歪曲事实，其中有些还很普遍。我们先来看看一种叫做„绝对判断‟的逻辑谬误。” 8 “好啊，”她表示同意。“„绝对判断‟是指在证据不足的情况下所作出的推断。比方说：运动是有益的，所以每个人都应该运动。” 10 她点头表示赞同。我看得出她没弄明白。“波莉，” 我解释说，“这个推断太过简单化了。如果你有心脏病或者超级肥胖症什么的，运动就变得有害而不是有益。所以你应该说，运动对大多数人来说是有益的。” 12 “接下来是„草率结论‟。这似乎不言自明，对吧？仔细听好了：你不会说法语，罗伯也不会说法语，那么这所学校里好像是没有人会说法语。” 13 “是吗？”波莉吃惊地说。“没有人吗？” “这也是一种逻辑谬误，”我说，“这一结论太草率了，因为能够支持这一结论的例证太少了。” 她似乎学得很开心，而我也可以放心地说我的计划正在稳步推进中。我把她送回家，并且定下了下一次约会交谈的日子。第二天晚上，坐在那棵橡树下，我说：“今天晚上我们要谈的第一个逻辑谬误叫„文不对题‟。” 17 她高兴地点了点头。“听好了，”我说，“有个人去申请工作，当老板问他有什么应聘资格时，他说他有六个孩子要抚养。” “哇，这太可怕了，太可怕了,”她哽咽着轻声说道。“对，是挺可怕的,” 我表示赞同地说, “但这不是理由。这个人根本没有回答老板的问题，而只是在博取老板的同情，这就是„文不对题‟。” 21 她眨着眼睛，仍在竭力地忍住眼泪。“接下来”，我小心地说，“我们来讨论„错误类比„。举个例子：学生考试时应该允许看课本，因为外科医生在做手术时可以看X光片。” 23 “我喜欢这个主意，”她说。“波莉，”我抱怨道，“别打岔，这一推论是错误的。医生们不是在参加考试以检查他们学到了多少，而学生却是。他们的情况完全不同，你不能将他们作类比。” 25 “我仍然认为这是一个好主意，”波莉说。经过五个夜晚的辛勤努力，我竟然真的将波莉打造成了一个逻辑行家，她总算能够分析思考了。现在应该是时候让我们的关系从学术向浪漫发展了。“波莉，”当我们又一次坐在那棵橡树下的时候我对她说，“今晚我们不讨论逻辑谬误了。” “哦？”她回答说，有一点失望。我赞许地对她笑了笑，说:“我们在一起已经度过了五个晚上，相互之间挺合得来，我们是蛮相配的一对。” 30 “草率结论，”波莉伶俐地说，“或者是按一般人的说法，这个结论有些不成熟，你不这样认为吗？”

我被逗得笑了起来，她功课还真学得不错，大大超过了我的预期。“亲爱的，” 我开口说，同时宽容地拍了拍她的手，“五次约会已经够多了，毕竟你不需要吃掉整个蛋糕才知道它是不是好吃。”

“错误类比，”波莉立即回应。“你的前提是约会就如同吃东西。可你不是蛋糕，你是个男孩。”

我又笑了笑，不过不觉得那么有趣了，同时还不能表露出我害怕她学得太好了。再错几步我可就无法挽回了。我决定改变策略，转而尝试奉承她的办法。

“波莉，我爱你。请答应做我的女朋友，没有你我什么也不是。” 35 “文不对题，”她说。

“你还真是能在遇到逻辑谬误时一一辨别它们了，” 我说，心里的希望已经开始动摇。“不过不要对它们太死板，我是说这都是些学术的东西。你知道，学校里学的东西和实际生活根本没有什么联系。”

“绝对判断，”她说道，“而且，你自己教的东西应该自己身体力行。” 38 我一下跳了起来，怒火中烧，“你到底愿不愿意做我的女朋友？” 39 “我不愿意，”她答道。

“为什么？”我追问道。

“我对另一位求爱者更感兴趣——罗伯和我重归于好了。”

我极力地保持着平静，说道：“你怎么会甩了我而选择罗伯？看看我，一个聪明过人的学生，一个不同凡响的学者，一个前途无量的人。再看看罗伯，一个肌肉发达的蠢材，一个有了上顿没下顿的家伙。你是否能给我一个充足的理由，为什么要选择跟他？”

“喔，这是什么假设啊！为了让像你这样聪明的人能够明白，我这么说吧，”波莉反驳道，声音里充满了讽刺，“事情的真相是——我喜欢罗伯穿皮衣。是我让他同意你们的协议的，这样他就能拥有你的夹克！”

第二篇：新视野大学英语2文章翻译

Unit 1 English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language.Like other languages, English has changed greatly.The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language.During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the British Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world.The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English.Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American cinema, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet.人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。与其他语言一样，英语也发生了很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语，中古英语和现代英语。英语起源于公元5世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国，他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世纪和现代社会初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。今天，由于美国电影、电视、音乐、贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显著。

中国书法（calligraphy）是一门独特的艺术，是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中国书法艺术的形成、发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中，一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有“字如其人”的说法。中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。

Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world.The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters.In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form.Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that “seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person”.As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art.Unit 2

A MOOC(massive open online course)is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web.MOOCs are a recent development in distance education and have now become a surging trend in higher education.These classes are aimed at expanding a university's reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world.In addition to traditional course materials, MOOCs provide interactive user forums to support interactions between students and professors.MOOCs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course;inspire people to “try on” subjects that they wouldn't otherwise pursue or even try on education itself;provide multiple ways to engage with course material, encouraging multimodal(多模式的)learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles;and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses.慕课是一种网络课程，它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。慕课是远程教育迈出的最新一步，现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。通过这些课程，大学可以扩大影响的范围，从影响成千上万住在城里付学费的学生，扩展到惠及全球上百万的学生。除了拥有传统的课程资料，慕课还给使用者提供互动论坛，支持学生和讲师之间的交流。慕课能够促进参与者之间的交流，使得多种观点、知识和技能涌现到课堂上来；它鼓励人们尝试之前不可能尝试的课程，甚至是尝试新的教育方式；它提供多种学习课程资料的方式，鼓励多模式学习，以各种学习风格满足学习者的需求；另外，慕课促进教学的改善，使技术在面对面授课中得以更好地应用。

近年来，随着互联网技术的发展，我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的数字化学习的平台，数字化教学在教育中发挥着越来越大的作用。和传统教学方式相比，数字化教学方式有很大的优势。一方面，数字化教学使教学资源得以全球共享；另一方面，它拓展了学习者的学习时间和空间，人们可以随时随地通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习。这使得人类从接受一次性教育走向终身学习成为可能。

In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements.Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education.Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages.On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible;on the other hand, it expands the learner's study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere.These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.Unit 4 Valentine's Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries.It is a holiday of love and romance usually by exchanging valentines or love tokens between lovers.There are different origins regarding the festival.One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods.On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christian, but also because he had cured the jailer's daughter of blindness.The night before he was executed he wrote her a farewell letter signed “From your Valentine”.Later, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones.Today, people celebrate Valentine's Day in different ways, sending greeting cards and flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners.The holiday has now become popular all over the world.In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people.美洲和欧洲各国都会庆祝2月14日的情人节。这是一个充满爱情和浪漫的节日，恋人之间通常都会交换情人卡和爱情信物。关于这个节日的起源有着不同的说法。一个传说是罗马人把一个叫圣瓦伦丁的神父关进了监狱，因为他拒绝相信罗马神。2月14日那天，瓦伦丁被处死，不仅因为他是基督徒，而且因为他曾治愈了一位监狱看守双目失明的女儿。他在被处死的前一天晚上给她写了一封署名“你的瓦伦丁”的告别信。后来，2月14日就成了一个人们可以为他们的情人展示感情的节日。现在，人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节，他们发送贺卡、鲜花，赠送巧克力或其他礼品，或共进浪漫的晚餐。现在这个节日已流行世界各地。在中国，这个节日也正越来越受年轻人的欢迎。

农历七月初七是中国的七夕节(Qixi Festival)，是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日。一些大的商家每年都举办不同的活动，年轻人也送礼物给他们的情人。因此，七夕节被认为是中国的“情人节”(Valentine's Day)。七夕节来自牛郎与织女（Cowherd and Weaving Maid）的传说。相传，每年的这个夜晚，天上的织女都会与牛郎相会。所以，在七夕的夜晚，人们可以看到牛郎织女在银河（the Milky Way）相会。姑娘们也会在这一天晚上向天上的织女乞求智慧，以获得美满姻缘。但随着时代的变迁，这些活动正在消失，唯有标志着忠贞爱情的牛郎织女的传说一直流传民间。

July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays.Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers.As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “Valentine's Day”.The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid.The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd.So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi.On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage.But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing.All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.Unit 7

The color and style of a wedding gown can depend on the religion and culture of the wedding participants.For example, in Western cultures brides often choose a white wedding dress, while in China the traditional wedding dress is in red.Though white has become the most preferred color for wedding gowns across the world today, this was not a widespread trend before the Victorian era.White became a popular option in 1840, when Queen Victoria wore a white gown at her wedding.The official wedding photograph was widely published, and many brides chose white to become the followers of the Queen.Many people believed that the color white symbolized virginity, though this was not the original intention.As far as the style is concerned, wedding dresses were once typically short in the front with a longer train in the back.This tendency continued until the late 1960s, when it became popular to revert to long, full-skirted designs.婚纱礼服的颜色和款式可取决于婚礼参与者的宗教和文化。例如，在西方文化中新娘通常会选择白色的婚纱，而在中国，传统的结婚礼服是红色的。虽然白色已成为当今婚纱礼服在世界各地最受青睐的颜色，可是这在维多利亚时期之前并不是一个普遍的潮流。白色在1840年成为了一个受欢迎的选择，那年维多利亚女王在她的婚礼上穿了一件白色的礼服。官方的婚礼照片被广泛刊登后，很多新娘都仿效女王选择白色。很多人相信白色象征着童贞，尽管这不是她们选择白色的初衷。就款式而言，婚纱礼服曾一度是前面短短的、后面是长长的裙摆。这种趋势一直持续到20世纪60年代后期，那个时期全长裙边的设计恢复了流行。

中国是丝绸的故乡，因而有很多与丝绸相关的艺术，刺绣（embroidery）就是其中的一种。刺绣是中国民间传统手工艺之一，至少有两、三千年的历史。从事刺绣的多为女子，因此刺绣又被称为“女红”（women's needlework）。刺绣在中国受到了人们广泛的喜爱。刺绣可用来装饰衣物，如在衣服、被子、枕套（pillowcase）等物品上绣上美丽的图案，也可制作成特别的饰品（ornament）。中国有四大名绣: 苏州的苏绣、广东的粤绣、湖南的湘绣以及四川的蜀绣。各种绣法不仅风格有差异，主题也各有不同。在这其中，苏州的苏绣最负盛名。

China is home to silk, thereby having a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery.Embroidery, with at least two or three thousand years of history, is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts and crafts.Since most embroiderers are women, it's also called “women's needlework”.Embroidery has been much-loved by the Chinese people.It can be used to beautify clothing and things.For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc.can be embroidered with beautiful designs, or a piece of embroidery can be made for a special ornament.There are four most famous types of embroidery in China: Suxiu from Suzhou, Yuexiu from Guangdong, Xiangxiu from Hunan, and Shuxiu from Sichuan, each having its own style and theme.Among the four, Suzhou embroidery has enjoyed the highest reputation.Unit 8

The World Wide Fund for Nature(WWF)is an international non-governmental organization working on issues regarding the conservation, research and restoration of the environment.The organization was originally named the World Wildlife Fund in 1961.In 1986, it changed its name to World Wide Fund for Nature to better reflect the scope of its activities.With over five million supporters worldwide, it is the world's largest independent conservation organization, working in more than 100 countries and supporting about 1,300 conservation and environmental projects.Its mission is to stop destroying the planet's natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature.Currently, much of its work focuses on the conservation of oceans and coasts, forests, and freshwater.Among other issues, it is also concerned with endangered species, pollution and climate change.They now need, above all, money to carry out its missions and handle conservation emergencies.世界自然基金会（WWF）是一个致力于有关保护、研究和修复环境议题的国际性非政府组织。该组织最初于1961年被命名为世界野生动物基金会。1986年，它更名为世界自然基金会，以更好地反映其活动范围。它是世界上最大的、独立的自然保护组织，拥有世界各地超过500万的支持者，在100多个国家开展工作，并援助约1,300个与自然和环境保护有关的项目。它的任务是阻止破坏地球的生态环境，建立一个能使人类与自然和谐相处的未来。目前，其大部分工作都集中在对海洋和海岸、森林、淡水的保护。在其他问题上，它也关注濒危物种，污染和气候变化。现在他们最需要的是资金，以履行其使命和处理与自然保护有关的突发事件。

新中国成立以来，特别是改革开放以来，中国政府在生态环境(eco-environmental)保护方面做出了大量努力，取得了有效进展。政府采取了一系列保护和改善生态环境的重大举措，譬如积极推进重点生态工程，加强生态系统建设(ecosystem)及生物多样性保护(biodiversity conservation)，建立了一批自然保护区(nature reservation)、生态示范区(ecological demonstration zones)、风景名胜区和森林公园。加强生态环境的保护和建设，实现人与自然和谐相处，是构建社会主义和谐社会（harmonious society）的重要目标之一。环境保护和生态文明建设为中国经济、社会的可持续发展提供了坚实的基础。

Since the founding of New China, especially since the economic reform and door-opening to the world, the Chinese government has made considerable efforts in eco-environmental protection and achieved effective progress.The government has taken a series of important measures to protect and improve the ecological environment, such as actively promoting key ecological projects, enhancing ecosystem construction and biodiversity conservation, establishing a number of nature reservations, ecological demonstration zones, scenic spots and forest parks.One of the important goals of building a socialist harmonious society is to strengthen ecological protection and construction and to achieve harmony between man and nature.Environmental protection and ecological civilization construction have provided a solid foundation for the sustainable development of China's economy and society.

第三篇：新视野大学英语4翻译

1.这种植物只有在培养它的土壤中才能很好的生长。

The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2.研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。

Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，一次来为自己的失败辩护。

Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.我们终于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做的。

We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do;we would do it.5.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。

Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world.The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6.当局控告他们威胁国家安全。

They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.1.要是这部喜剧中的人物更加幽默些的话，就会吸引更多的观众。

If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience.2.她从未对自己的能力失去信心，因此她有可能成为一名成功的演员。

She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.3.我从未受过正式培训，我只是边干边学。

I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along.4.随着产品进入国际市场，他们的品牌知名度越来越高了。

As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity.5.她可以编造一个故事，说自己被窃贼打昏，所有的钱都没了，但她怀疑自己是否能够让这个故事听起来可信。

She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.6.谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问，可是这引起了对他的更多的批评。

No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him.1.据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂，市长决定亲自出马调查这件事。

Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in person.2.这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了。These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work.Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs.3.你只需填写一张表格就可取得会员资格，它可以使你在买东西的时候享受打折的优惠。You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods.4.不知道为什么他们的汽车在半路坏掉了，结果他们比原计划晚到了三个小时。

Their car broke down halfway for no reason.As a result they arrived three hours later than they had planned.5.那位官员卷入了一场丑闻，数周后被迫辞职。

The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.6.这个靠救济过日子的人开始慢慢地建立自己的市场，生意日渐兴隆。

The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business is thriving.1.我父母不是对我的教育投资，而是把钱花在了买新住房上。

Rather than invest in my education, my parents spent their money on a new house.2.如今，人们用于休闲娱乐的开支是过去的两倍。

Today, people are spending twice as much on entertainment and relaxation as they did in the past.3.一家公司要成功，它必须跟上市场的发展。

In order to be successful, a business must keep pace with developments in the marketplace.4.与申请这个职位的其他的女孩相比，她流利的英语是个优势。

Her fluency in English gave her an advantage over other girls for the job.5.对于学生而言，没有任何地方比图书馆更好了，在那里所有的图示都任由他们使用。For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all the books are at their disposal.6.我们要充分利用好这个平台，加强交流，拓展合作领域，共谋发展大计。

We should make full use of the platform to strengthen communication, expand cooperation in more areas and seek further development through joint efforts.1.这位小个子男子并不如他看上去那么单纯。

This little man is not so innocent as he appears.2.对这个问题我已束手无策了，所以你不妨去求助于王教授。

There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for help.3.双方高度评价了在不同领域合作取得的成果，并希望合作进步加深。

Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that the cooperation can be furthered.4.一方面，亲民形象能使新政策更易于被民众接受，另一方面，它也能使广直言之路，启进善之门。

On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily accepted.On the other hand, it will “encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructive suggestions”.5.他孤独的感觉时起时落，他有时会对自己，对宠物，对电视机唠叨不休。

His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his pets and the television.6.毕竟，金钱不是万能的，最富有的人不一定是最幸福的。

After all, money is not everything.The richest people are not necessarily the happiest.1.假设你发现了你自己的同事受贿，你会不会无动于衷呢？

Suppose you found out that your colleague takes bribes, would you just ignore it?

2.他如此固执，我们已对他失望了。跟他争论一点意义都没有。

We've given up on him because he is so stubborn.It is pointless to argue with him.3.他突然想到了一个加速实验进程的好办法，但组里的成员对此意见不一。

He hit upon a good method to speed up the progress of the experiment, but opinions differed among members of the group on it.4.今天我能够使自己的职业与兴趣相符，之前我是做不到的。

Today I'm able to square my profession with my interest, which I wasn't able to do before.5.要成为一名驾驶员，视觉上分辨红色与绿色的能力是必不可少的。

The ability to visually distinguish between red and green is essential to becoming a driver.6.这个组由七个人组成，他们经常见面，分享彼此的信息。

The team consisted of seven people who met on a regular basis to share their information with each other.

第四篇：新视野大学英语1教案

New Horizon College English 1.1

Unit 1 Preview The days of a “one-size-fits-all” education system have passed.Traditional classrooms no longer provide the only means of meeting one‟s learning needs.Some students are taking courses online and finding advantages to this new way of learning.The number one advantage is that online learning is more convenient.Students can choose when and where they learn.Another advantage is that students do not feel intimidated by teachers who lack patience or by students with higher skill levels.Students can take time to think through answers before making a reply.There are still many advantages to the traditional classroom, „out if a student studies well independently, he or she might do well to try learning online.Section A Pre-reading Activity The Internet may be able to help you overcome your frustrations with learning English.I started learning English when I was in junior middle school.I didn‟t, however, gain command of the language in the classroom.It was only when I tried learning English through an online course that I finally became proficient.The online course was just as difficult as classroom study, but it provided better results.There were many other advantages to online learning as well.It taught me how to manage my time better to include my online studies in my busy schedule.Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.1.The speaker started to learn English when he was in junior middle school.He gained command of the language after he took English through an online course.2.Online learning has taught the speaker to better manage his time so that he could include his online studies in his busy schedule.Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.Text: Learning a Foreign Language

New Words

<1>reward vt.give sth.in return for good and valuable doings |奖赏；回报 He was rewarded handsomely for his efforts.|他的努力得到了可观的回报。

It is often necessary to reward people for their hard work, if you want them to continue working hard for you.|如果你想要人们继续努力工作，就有必要奖励他们的工作。

n.|[C, U] sth.as a return for good and valuable doings |奖赏；回报

As a reward for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents.|因为通过了考试，父母奖励给她一辆新自行车。

She got no reward for all the hard work she did.|她辛苦的工作并没有得到嘉奖

<2>rewarding a.|giving sb.satisfaction, pleasure, or profit |值得做的，有益的，有意义的 Doing exercise can be very rewarding for everyone.|锻炼身体对每个人都会有好处。She finds her career very rewarding.|她觉得自己的工作很有意义。

<3>frustrate

vt.1.cause sb.to have feelings of disappointment |使沮丧，使灰心

The lack of evidence in this case is frustrating the police.|警方因案件缺乏证据而感到伤脑筋。The difficulties of learning a new language frustrated the students who wanted to use the language right away.|学习一门新语言的困难使那些想立即使用那种语言的学生沮丧不已。

2.cause the failure of sth.|使挫败，使受挫折

The bad weather frustrated our hopes of going out.|坏天气使我们打消了外出的念头。The police frustrated his attempt to escape.|警方挫败了他逃跑的企图。

<4>junior |a.|having a low position, level, or rank |（地位、水平、层次）较低的

She started work as a junior reporter on a local newspaper before working her way up to higher positions.|她从本地一家报社当初级记者干起，通过努力职位不断上升。

Students spend six years in elementary education and three years in junior middle school.|学生在小学上六年，初中上三年。

n.|1.[C] sb.who is younger |年少者 He is my junior by several years.|他比我小几岁。

She married a man seven years her junior.|她跟一个比自己小7岁的男人结了婚。

2.[C] sb.of low or lower position |（地位或等级）较低者；晚辈

She joined the firm a year ago and is now my junior.|她一年前到公司工作，现在是我的下属。

The senior officer should have been aware of what his juniors were doing.|那位上司早该清楚自己下属的所作所为。

<5>positive |a.|1.helpful and encouraging in achieving sth.|积极的

Everyone went to Mary for advice, because Mary was known for having a positive attitude and being able to make other people feel good.|大家都向玛丽讨教，因为众所周知她总是态度积极, 会使大家感觉良好。

We need to take positive steps to improve the situation of families in poverty.|我们必须采取积极措施改善贫困家庭的处境。

2.definite;allowing no room for doubt |确实的，明确的

It seems unlikely to me, but she seemed very positive.|这在我看来是不可能的，但她却非常肯定。

I'm absolutely positive I haven't made a mistake.|我没有错，这一点我绝对肯定。

<6>senior |a.|having a higher position, level, or rank |（地位、水平、层次）较高的 Students leave middle school at the end of their senior year.|学生在中学高年级结束之后离校。The delegation consists of senior figures from education and business.|代表团由教育界和工商界的资深人士组成。

n.|1.[C] sb.who is older |较年长者

Seniors can get a 10% discount in this department store.|老人在该百货店可得到九折的优惠。Her husband was nine years her senior.|她丈夫比她大9岁。

2.[C] sb.of high or higher position |（地位或等级）较高者；长辈 Only the seniors made the decisions among us.|在我们中间只有年资较高的人才有决定权。The three vice ministers are my seniors.|三位副部长都是我的上司。

<7>former |a.|of an earlier period |在前的，以前的，旧时的

In former times, people were hanged for stealing in Britain.|以前，在英国小偷被处以绞刑。

The park has been reduced to half its former size.|公园的规模已被缩减到以前的一半大了。

n.|(the ~)the first of the two people or things just mentioned |前者

Between small changes and big changes, the former is more likely.|在小变化和大变化两者之中，前者的可能性更大。

Given the choice between a white T-shirt and a green one, most people would choose the former because green is not popular.|如果让大家选择是要白T恤还是绿T恤，大多数会选择前者，因为绿色不流行。

<8>unlike |prep.|not like;different from |不像；和...不同

He was firm and steady unlike other men she knew.|他坚毅、稳健，跟她认识的其他男人不一样。

Her recent report is quite unlike her earlier work.|她最近的报告与以前的大不相同。

<9>intimidate |vt.|create a feeling of fear |恐吓，威胁

They intimidated him into doing what they wanted.|他们胁迫他干他们要干的事。

John intimidated his brother into not telling their parents the truth.|约翰威胁他弟弟，不准他把真相告诉父母。

<10>opportunity |n.|[C, U] a good moment or chance for doing sth.|机会，时机

He loved music, but because his family was poor, he didn't have an opportunity to take lessons.|他喜爱音乐，但因家里太穷，他没有机会去学。

All he needs is an opportunity to show his ability.|他需要的只是展现自己才能的机会。

<11>online |a.|connected to other computers through the Internet |联线的；联网的；在线的

He took an online course to improve his English.|他选了网上课程以提高英语水平。The result of the online survey has proved to be positive.|在线调查结果证明是积极的。

ad.|doing sth.online |联线地；联网地

I'll just go online and look up her address.|我刚好要上网查她的地址。

Today more than 80% of customer's questions are answered online.| 现今，顾客80%以上的咨询都给予在线答复。

<12>communication |n.|[U] the action of sending and exchanging information |交流；交际；通讯

Mobile phone is an important means of communication.|手机是重要的通讯工具。

Generation gap arises from a lack of communication between the young and the old.|代沟的产生是由于青老年间缺乏交流。

<13>medium |n.|[C](pl.media or mediums)a method for giving information |媒介，媒体 TV is a medium for giving information and opinions.|电视是传递消息和观点的媒体。Light travels through the medium of air.|光通过空气传送。

a.|of middle size, amount, or quality |中等的

They have a medium-sized house in the heart of the city.|他们在市中心有幢中等大小的房子。

What size shirt does he wear—medium or large? |他适合穿哪个尺码的衬衣——大号还是中

号？

<14>modem |n.|[C] |调制解调器

He forgot to get a modem when he bought his computer.|他买计算机时忘记拿调制解调器了。A modem is necessary for connecting to the Internet.|连接因特网必须用调制解调器。

<15>access |n.|1.[U] the right to have or use sth.|享用权

The people in the school have access to that computer lab for free.|这个学校里的人可以免费使用那间电脑室。

Students have access to many different courses to satisfy their individual interests and career plans.|学生可以选择多种课程以满足他们的个人兴趣和职业规划。

2.[U] the means of entering a place |通道；入口 That is the only access into the building.|这是通向大楼的唯一通道。

The road was the only access into and out of the small village.|这条路是进出这个小村子的唯一通道。

<16>participate |vi.|take part |参与，参加

Some members refused to participate.|有些成员拒绝参加。

Only persons aged 8 years or over may participate in the spelling contest.|只有年满8岁或8岁以上的人才可参加拼写比赛。

<17>virtual |a.|1.created by the computer to be similar to the experience of real life |虚拟的

This device helps make virtual reality a more usable and accessible technology.|该设备有助于提高虚拟现实技术的实用性和易用性。

Their recent online studies began with an introduction to the demands of the virtual classroom.|他们新近的在线研究是以对虚拟教室需求介绍开始的。

2.almost what is stated |实质上的；实际上的

It is a virtual certainty that you will become the best student in this class;you've always been the best in everything.|事实上已肯定你将是班上最好的学生； 你一直在各方面都是最棒的。Finding a parking space in the busy season is a virtual impossibility.|想在旺季找到停车位是不现实的。

<18>commitment |n.1.[U] the hard work and loyalty that sb.gives to an organization, activity, etc.|投入, 致力，献身

My commitment to study has made me the most successful person in my small town.|我对学习的投入使我成为小镇上最成功的人。

It's a part-time program, but it's still a big time commitment.|这虽然不是个全职项目，但却需要投入大量的时间。

2.[C] a promise to follow certain beliefs or actions |承诺，许诺，保证 Marriage is a lifelong commitment.|婚姻是终生的承诺。

The governor has made a strong commitment to creating more jobs in the state.|州长信誓旦旦地保证要给州里创造更多工作机会。

<19>discipline |n.|1.[U] a state of order and control;self-control |纪律；自制能力 He did not like the army because of the strict discipline.|因为纪律太严，他不喜欢军队生活。It takes a lot of discipline to eat less and lose weight.|要做到少吃减肥得遵守许多清规戒律。

2.[C] a branch of learning |学科

She has not yet decided which discipline to take at college, but she might study history.|她没有决定在大学选修哪门学科，但她可能学历史。

The traditional academic disciplines are less popular among students, who now prefer subjects such as business studies.|传统的学术科目受学生欢迎的程度有所降低，而今工商类的课程更受他们青睐。

<20>minimum |a.|the least, or the smallest possible |最低的，最小的 The minimum age to buy cigarettes is 18.|购买香烟最低年龄是18岁。

The minimum amount of money to open an account at that bank is ten dollars.|在那个银行开户至少要有10美元。

n.|[sing.] the smallest amount |最低限度；最少量 You have to stay for a minimum of seven days.|你起码要呆上7天。

The price is her minimum;she refuses to lower it any more.|这是她开的最低价，她拒绝再降价。

<21>assignment |n.|[C] a piece of work given to a particular person |任务；作业

Half the workers were given different assignments.|有一半的工人被分配到不同的任务中。The teacher asked her students to finish their assignments every day.|老师要求学生每天完成作业。

<22>embarrass |vt.|make sb.feel ashamed, nervous, or uncomfortable |使尴尬，使难堪 Getting up on stage without knowing what to say embarrassed me.|上台不知道说什么使我感到尴尬。

I hope I didn't embarrass you in front of your friends.|但愿我没有让你在朋友面前感到尴尬。

<23> embarrassing a.|making sb.feel embarrassed |使人尴尬的；令人难堪的 Don't ask me such embarrassing questions.|别问我这种尴尬的问题。The situation is embarrassing.|这种情形令人很尴尬。

<24>frustration n.[C, U] the feeling of being disappointed, annoyed, or upset |沮丧；不安；灰心

Poetry helps me express some of the frustrations I feel at the world.|诗歌一定程度上表达了我对世事的挫折感。

I was close to tears with frustration while trying to complete the difficult math exam, but I held back.|数学考试很难，做题时我沮丧得差点掉泪，但还是忍住了。

<25>post |vt.|put up sth.on a screen, wall, or notice board |发帖子；张贴

Could you photocopy the advertisement and post it on the notice board for us? |你能不能帮我们把广告复印一份贴到公告栏里？

They post notices on the Internet, recommending that all users, whether frequent or casual, have

their disks checked.|他们在网上贴出通知，告诫所有用户检查自己的软盘。

<26>continual |a.|1.continuing without stopping |不间断的，不停的 The continual noise is making me angry.|噪音不断，我很生气。

Despite continual pain, he refused all drugs.|尽管疼痛不止，他仍然拒绝使用任何药物。

2.happening again and again |多次重复的；频繁的

There have been continual requests for improved working conditions.|人们不断要求改善工作环境。

The continual news reports about the economy have scared many manufacturers.|有关经济状况的频繁新闻报道使很多生产厂家担心不已。

<27>continually ad.1.continuing for a long time without stopping |不间断地，不停地 The Museum is continually developing—there's something new to see every year.|博物馆不断地扩展——年年都可看到新东西。

No matter how hard you try not to think about past failures, they continually cross your mind.|不管你怎样努力不去想以往的失败，这些事老在心头萦绕。

2.repeatedly for many times and over a long period of time |多次重复地;频频地 The child was continually changing his mind.|小孩的想法老是在变。

<28>reap vt.1.get sth., esp.sth.good, as a result of what one has done|获得，得到

Now they have come to reap the benefits of their hard work.|现在他们该摘取他们的劳动成果了。

Those who take risks often reap great rewards.|肯冒风险，才有大收获。

2.cut and gather a crop of grain |收割；收获

The women were all out reaping the fields.|妇女们都出去收割庄稼了。

Summer is the time for reaping a harvest of fruits and vegetables.|夏天是收获水果和蔬菜的季节。

<29>benefit n.[C] anything that brings help or profit |益处，好处

Some countries offer newcomers many benefits, such as job training and language lessons.|有些国家为初来者提供许多优惠，如工作培训和语言课程。

Tourism has brought many benefits to the area.|旅游业给这个地区带来了丰厚的收益。

v.be useful or helpful to |有益于

The new teaching program will benefit many students.|这个新的教学项目会使许多学生受益。He expects stocks to continue to rise higher, benefiting from falling interest rates.|他指望股票还能持续涨高，这样就可从下跌利率中赚上一把。

<30>insight n.[C, U] an accurate or deep understanding of sth.|洞悉；深刻的见解 The lecture provides new insights into the way we process language.|这次讲座使我们对语言处理有了新的认识。

Her research has given us some insight into what sparks a child's curiosity.|她的研究使我们对诱发孩子好奇心的因素有所了解。

<31>communicate vi.exchange feelings, opinions, or information with other people |交

流；交际

He is slow in speaking and cannot communicate with other people very well.|他说话慢慢吞吞，与人交流能力比较差。

They couldn't communicate in writing, because William was illiterate.|他们不能书信交流，因为威廉不识字。

vt.|make(opinions, feelings, or information)known or understood by others |传达；传播

Our teachers communicate their ideas very clearly.|我们的老师表达思想非常清楚。She tried to communicate her fears to her mother.|她尽力向母亲表明自己的担忧。

<32>favorite a.(BrE favourite)best liked or most enjoyed |最喜欢的

Of the many colors in nature, red is my favorite color because it is the most beautiful.|在自然界的诸多颜色中，我最喜欢红色，它最美。

Most people at the stadium will be cheering on their favorite players.|在运动场上，大多数人都会为自己喜爱的运动员加油。

n.|[C] sb.or sth.that is loved above all others |特别喜爱的人或物 I like all her books but this is my favorite.|她写的书我都喜欢，但最喜欢这本。

Conflicts in the home often result from one child being thought of as his parents' favorite.|父母视其中一个孩子为掌上明珠常会引发家庭冲突。

<33>gap n.[C] a big difference between two amounts, situations, or groups of people|差距；分歧

There's a ten-year gap between Kay's two children.|凯的两个小孩年龄相差10岁。

The age gap between us didn't seem to matter until we decided to have children.|在我们决定要孩子以前，年龄差距对我们似乎没什么影响。

Phrases and Expressions

<34>at times

|sometimes but not usually |有时，偶尔

He used to go to the theater at times.|他以前偶尔会去看看戏。At times he feels that he wants to leave his job.|有时他真想辞职。

<35>be worth sth./doing sth.|be rewarding enough for the time, effort, money, etc.|值得...的

The watch is worth more than the price.|这表的价值超出标价。

Doing morning exercises is worth the time.|花点时间做早操是值得的。

<36>not only...but also...|不仅...而且...Not only did I find the game very boring, but I also felt it was meaningless.|我觉得这场比赛非常枯燥而且没什么意义。

Not only the story is interesting to us but also the English is good for us to learn.|这故事不仅有趣，而且其英语地道，值得一学。

<37>far from

| not...at all;rather than |一点都不

The composition is far from perfect.|这篇作文太糟了。

I know he was hurt, but he was far from being the person who was hurt most.|我知道他受了伤害，但他还不是受伤害最深的人。

<38>a couple of| two;a small number of |两个；一些，几个

I will need a couple of minutes to complete the report to my boss.|我还需要几分钟时间完成给老板的报告。

I met him a couple of times last year.|去年我遇见过他几次。

<39>get/have/obtain access to

|have the right to have or use sth.|有权享用；可以使用 People living here have access to that swimming pool for free.|住在这里的人可以免费去那个游泳池游泳。

If I could get access to the head offices, I could tell the management my new ideas about how to improve this company.|如果我可以到总部办公室去，我就能向管理部门提出改善公司状况的新主意。

<40>participate in

|take part in |参加

We are expected to participate actively in English class.|我们要积极参与英语课的活动。

She participated in several sports in senior middle school.|在高中时，她参加过好几项运动项目。

<41>keep up with

|keep the same speed as |赶上；不落后

The small child had to run in order to keep up with his brother.|这小孩为了赶上他哥哥只好跑了起来。

I'm having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.|我要赶上班上其他人还有困难。

<42>feel like sth./doing sth.|want to have or do sth.|想要；想做 I feel like a cup of tea.|我想要杯咖啡。

I just don't feel like doing anything tonight.|今晚我什么事情都不想干。

<43>give up |stop doing or stop trying to do sth.|停止，放弃

My teacher told me not to give up no matter how difficult things become.|老师要我无论如何困难都不要放弃。

I've given up trying to get her to change her mind.|我已不再争取让她改变主意。

<44>think out |consider all the aspects and details of sth.before doing it |仔细考虑；推敲；琢磨

I need time to think things out.|我需要时间好好想一下。

She hadn't thought out what she was going to say at the party.|她还没有想清楚自己在聚会上要说些什么。

<45>come across |meet, find, or discover sb.or sth.by chance |偶然遇到；偶然发现 I've never come across anyone like her father before.|我从来没有遇到像她父亲那样的人。While I was cleaning the house, I came across some old baby pictures of my father that I had

never seen before.|在打扫房间时，我偶然发现了几张我父亲还是婴儿时的老照片，这些照片我过去从未见过。

<46>reap the benefit(s)|get sth.as a reward for sth.done |获得益处，得到好处

Only a part of the people have reaped the benefits from the new policy.|只有一部分人从新政策中受益。

But the teenagers should reap the benefits of a more personal, better-run service.|然而青少年应该享受到更加个性化、实施质量更好的服务。

<47>trade for |exchange for |用...换...I traded my old car for a new one.|我把旧车换成了新车。

In order to pay off his debts, he had to trade his piano for money.|为了还债，他只好把钢琴拿去换钱。

<48>give sb.insight(s)into |give sb.a deep understanding of sth.|深刻理解

The discussion gave us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.|这场讨论使我们对当前经济危机的原因有了真正的认识。

The story gave us insight into his determination to win and his desire to become the best.|这件事使我们对他决心获胜、渴望完美的心情有了深刻的认识。

<49>now that

|because of sth.or as a result of sth.|既然，由于

Now that you have come, you may stay here.|你既然来了，就留在这里吧。

Now that we know each other better, we get along fine.|既然大家相互了解更深了，相处也就融洽了。

<50>instead of |而不是；代替

They raised prices and cut production instead of cutting costs.|他们又是提价，又是减产，却没有降低成本。

He took English as his major instead of Japanese.|他选择学英语，而没选日语。

<51>reach out to |communicate with;contact |接触，联系

Online learning helps us reach out to new friends.|网络学习使我们接触新朋友。

I realized at the same time he was reaching out to me；he was also asking for help.|我同时也察觉到他正在联系我；他在寻求帮助。

学外语

学习外语是我一生中最艰苦也是最有意义的经历之一。虽然时常遭遇挫折，但却非常有价值。

我学外语的经历始于初中的第一堂英语课。老师很慈祥耐心，时常表扬学生。由于这种积极的教学方法，我踊跃回答各种问题，从不怕答错。两年中，我的成绩一直名列前茅。

到了高中后，我渴望继续学习英语。然而，高中时的经历与以前大不相同。以前，老师对所有的学生都很耐心，而新老师则总是惩罚答错的学生。每当有谁回答错了，她就会

用长教鞭指着我们，上下挥舞大喊：“错！错！错！”没有多久，我便不再渴望回答问题了。我不仅失去了回答问题的乐趣，而且根本就不想再用英语说半个字。

好在这种情况没持续多久。到了大学，我了解到所有学生必须上英语课。与高中老师不同，大学英语老师非常耐心和蔼，而且从来不带教鞭！不过情况却远不尽如人意。由于班大，每堂课能轮到我回答的问题寥寥无几。上了几周课后，我还发现许多同学的英语说得比我要好得多。我开始产生一种畏惧感。虽然原因与高中时不同，但我却又一次不敢开口了。

看来我的英语水平要永远停步不前了。

直到几年后我有机会参加远程英语课程，情况才有所改善。这种课程的媒介是一台电脑、一条电话线和一个调制解调器。我很快配齐了必要的设备并跟一个朋友学会了电脑操作技术，于是我每周用5到7天在网上的虚拟课堂里学习英语。

网上学习并不比普通的课堂学习容易。它需要花许多的时间，需要学习者专心自律，以跟上课程进度。我尽力达到课程的最低要求，并按时完成作业。

我随时随地都在学习。不管去哪里，我都随身携带一本袖珍字典和笔记本，笔记本上记着我遇到的生词。我学习中出过许多错，有时是令人尴尬的错误。有时我会因挫折而哭泣，有时甚至想放弃。但我从未因别的同学英语说得比我快而感到畏惧，因为在电脑屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根据自己的需要花时间去琢磨自己的想法。突然有一天我发现自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我说起英语来灵活自如。尽管我还是常常出错，还有很多东西要学，但我已尝到了刻苦学习的甜头。

学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但它又无比珍贵。它不仅使我懂得了艰苦努力的意义，而且让我了解了不同的文化，让我以一种全新的思维去看待事物。学习一门外语最令人兴奋的收获是我能与更多的人交流。与人交谈是我最喜欢的一项活动，新的语言使我能与陌生人交往，参与他们的谈话，并建立新的难以忘怀的友谊。由于我已能说英语，别人讲英语时我不再茫然不解了。我能够参与其中，并结交朋友。我能与人交流，并能够弥合我所说的语言和所处的文化与他们的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。Exercises IX.1．我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。

2．没有任何其他语言能像英语那样让你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了过硬的英语知识，你就可以体验奇妙的文化之旅。

3．写作不仅仅要写老师布置的话题，而且要写自己感兴趣的东西，例如，给朋友写电子邮件。

4．远程教学课程是指授课者与学生通过计算机通信技术进行交流的课程。

5．语不但是世界上最有用的语言，也是世界上最易学、易用的语言之一。

6．远程教学课程在时间安排止给予学生更多的自由，但与其他课程比，这些课程要求学生有更强的自律能力。XI．

The topic of the paragraph-My learning experience in junior middle school.The cause: I had a kind and patient teacher who often praised all of the students.The effect:I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes.I was at the top of my class for two years.XII.I am proud to say that I succeeded in learning a foreign language.It was a real challenge and, needless to say,it took a lot of practice.I carried a small dictionary with me everywhere I went as well as a notebook in which I listed new words I came across.I also managed my time carefully so that I met the standards of the course and finished assignments on time.After years of persistence, I reaped the benefits of all my hard work.Section B Reading Skills: Finding Out Word Meanings Text: Keys to Successful Online Learning

New Words

<1>community n.1.[C] a group of people who have the same interests, religion, race, etc.|团体；界

There are four ways you can help provide this important service to our academic community.你可以通过四种方式协助向我们学会提供这项重要服务。

According to Mr.Ellison, business online will quickly evolve into a Web-based business community.|艾立森先生认为，网上交易会很快演变为基于网络的商务社团。

2.[C] the people who live in the same area, town, etc.|社区居民；社区

The murder has shocked the local community who never expected such a thing to happen in their small town.|这桩凶杀案让当地居民很震惊, 他们谁都没想到在这小镇上会发生这样的事。They made regulations to better manage the community.|他们确立规章制度，以更好地管理社区。

<2>expand v.make or become larger in size, number, or amount |（使）变大；（使）扩张；（使）膨胀

Ever since he started school, he has tried to expand his mind with new information.|从开始上学起，他就想用新知识充实头脑。

Pepsi has aggressive plans to expand overseas.|百事可乐雄心勃勃，计划拓展海外市场。

<3>aware

a.having knowledge or understanding |意识到的；知道的

New babies are sometimes not aware of other people.|新生儿有时意识不到他人的存在。We were not aware of the rain until we went outside.|直到我们走出门才意识到下雨了。

<4>unique a.1.unusually good and special |极不寻常的，极好的

We have developed a unique method for preparing beef.|我们发明了一种加工牛肉的好方法。The exhibition provided a unique opportunity to see the artist's work.|这次展览是一次欣赏该艺术家作品的好机会。

2.being the only one of its type |唯一的，独特的，独一无二的 The music is unique to that country.|这是那个国家特有的音乐。

Each person's fingerprints are unique.|每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。

<5>ideal a.1.the best or most suitable that sth.could possibly be |最好的；理想的 An ideal place for a home would be near a park.|理想的家居应靠近公园。

I'm afraid the working conditions here are far from ideal.|恐怕这里的工作条件不够理想。

2.as good as one can imagine, but not likely to be real |想象的；理想化的 The ideal design would never be put into practice.|脱离实际的设计永远不会付诸实施。Plato dreamed of an ideal society.|柏拉图梦想有一个理想社会。

<6>forum n.[C] a place where people publicly discuss sth.|论坛；讨论会

The association began as a forum for sharing ideas about management problems.|那个协会开始时是个论坛，交流关于管理方面的问题。

It also provided a forum for the latest research results.|它还为最新研究成果提供了一个论坛。

<7>remove vt.1.get rid of sth.so that it does not exist any longer|消除 I can't remove this stain from the carpet.|我去不掉地毯上的污渍。

It would be best for the government to remove, rather than reduce, the tax burden placed on poor farmers.|最好是由政府免除贫困农民的缴税负担，而不是减轻负担。

2.take sth.away from the place where it is |移开，挪走 Tom paused to remove his sunglasses.|汤姆略作停顿，取下了太阳镜。

Remove the pot from the heat and allow it to cool.|把罐子从火上拿开，使其冷却。

<8>visual a.relating to seeing |视觉的

Children learn to read by understanding visual symbols.|儿童是通过理解视觉符号来学会阅读的。

Even if you don't buy anything, shopping is enjoyable for the visual experience alone.|你就是不买东西，逛逛商场也大饱眼福。

<9>barrier n.[C] sth.that prevents sb.from doing sth., or limits what they can do 障碍 Dance is an entertainment without a language barrier.|舞蹈是一种没有语言障碍的娱乐形式。A lack of education is a barrier to a good job.|受教育程度不够是找好工作的一大障碍。

<10>hinder vt.make it difficult for sb.to do sth., or for sth.to develop |阻碍，妨碍，阻止 The high cost of the vaccine has severely hindered its use.|疫苗价格昂贵严重影响了它的使用。The project has been somewhat hindered by financial restraints and much remains to be done.|项目在一定程度上受到资金限制，许多事仍然没做。

<11>addition

n.1.[U] the act of adding sth.to sth.else |添加

The addition of more meat into my diet has caused me to gain weight.|在饮食中添加肉食使我体重增加。

In 1987, the house was rebuilt with the addition of a second floor.|1987年房子翻修了一次，增加了一个楼层。

2.[C] sth.that is added to sth.else |增加物

A bottle of wine would make a pleasant addition to the meal.|这顿饭要再有一瓶葡萄酒可就锦上添花了。

Additions are made to the name list from time to time.|那份名单在不断进行补充。

<12>reflect v.1.think quietly and deeply |深思，考虑，反省

Things were very different before the war, he reflected.|他想，战前的局势真是大不一样。She reflected for a moment and then decided to change her mind about getting married at such a young age.|她考虑了一阵子，最后决定改变主意, 不那么年轻就结婚。

2.show or be a sign of a particular situation or feeling |反映, 体现 After listening to her friends, she believed that their anger did not reflect their real attitudes.|听了朋友的话后，她相信他们生气并不说明他们的真正态度。

His ideas reflected the influence of his family background.|他的想法反映了家庭背景的影响。

<13>environment|n.[C, U] the physical and social conditions in which people live |环境；周边状况；自然环境

Do girls learn better in an all-female environment? |女孩在纯女性的环境下学习状况是否会更好呢？

It's not a very safe environment for children there.|儿童处在那样的环境下不太安全。

<14>critical

a.|1.very important |极为重要的，关键性的

His help is critical to our success.|他的帮助对我们的成功非常关键。

Practice is a critical factor in learning a language.|练习是学习一门语言的关键因素。

2.giving a careful judgment of the qualities of sth.|评论的

His assignment was to write a 20-page critical review of Jane Austin.|他的作业是写一篇20页的文章评论简·奥斯汀。

He made a critical analysis of the event.|他对这一事件作了评论性的分析。

<15>perspective|n.|[C] a way of thinking about sth.|视角；观点

Lawyers and economists often approach problems from different perspectives.|律师与经济学家看待问题的角度往往是不同的。

We must look at the problem in the right perspective if we are to make positive change in the way we do things.|如果要积极地改变我们做事的办法, 必须以正确的眼光看待这个问题。

<16>peer n.[C] a person of the same age, class, or position |同龄人；同等地位的人 The boy was popular with his peers.|那个男孩很受同龄人的欢迎。

American children did not do as well in math as their peers in China.|美国儿童在数学方面的表现不如中国儿童。

<17>instruct vt.1.teach sb.sth., or show them how to do sth.|教育，指导

Without anyone to instruct me on values, I learned the difference between right and wrong by myself.|没有人教，我自己就学会了判断价值的正误。

He was sent to instruct the workers in operating the new machine.|他被派去教工人们操作新机器。

2.officially tell sb.what to do |指示，命令；通知

Tourists are instructed not to take pictures inside the building.|游客被告知楼内禁止拍照。The manager instructed his secretary to cancel all his appointments.|经理要秘书取消他所有的预约。

<18> instructor |n.|[C] a teacher |教师；指导者

He worked as a dance instructor in London.|他在伦敦担任舞蹈教师。

Teaching methods and techniques may vary by instructors.|教授方法和技巧因教师而异。

<19>arise vi.(arose, arisen)1.come into being;appear;happen|出现；发生

What can teachers do when legal problems arise? |如果出现法律问题，老师们能做些什么呢？ All staff members are expected to work overtime, if the need arises.|如果有需要，全体员工都要加班工作。

2.(from)come from |（由...）引起，（由...）产生

Errors and mistakes often arise from poor judgment.|差错与过失往往来自于判断失误。The civil war arose from the social injustices present in the country.|内战的爆发是因为该国存在社会不公现象。

<20>absolute a.complete or total|完全的；十足的

There was absolute certainty in his voice and no doubt about the actions he should take next.|他的口气绝对的肯定，下一步怎么办是不容置疑的。

He has absolute confidence in what was about to happen.|他对即将发生的事完全有信心。

<21>

absolutely ad.completely and in every way|完全地；十足地

This statement should be absolutely clear in the minds of everyone concerned and should not be misunderstood under any circumstances.|所有相关人员必须对该声明做到心中完全有数，在任何情况下都不允许曲解。

The work of the sales team was absolutely critical to the mission of the company.|销售组的工作对完成公司的任务至关重要。

<22>explicit

a.expressed in a clear and direct way |清楚的；直截了当的

He's not being very explicit about his plans, is he? |他对他的计划有意含糊其辞，是吗？

Mr.Smith left explicit instructions that he wasn't to be disturbed.|史密斯先生明确指示不允许任何人打扰他。

<23>comment n.[C] an opinion about sb.or sth.|意见；评论

The author gives useful comment on many of the ideas discussed.|作者对于许多议题都给予了有用的意见。

He was new to the team and wasn't sure whether or not he should give his comments on their direction.|他是新来的，不知道是否应该对他们的指示发表意见。

vi.express an opinion about sb.or sth.|评论

Officials for those companies refused to comment on this issue.|负责那些公司事务的官员拒绝对此事发表评论。

I am in no position to comment on the matter.|我无权对此事发表评论。

<24>reinforce vt.make sth.stronger |强化；加固

Cultural and family values often reinforce traditional beliefs.|文化和家庭价值观往往强化传统信仰。

When the wall began to fall apart, it became clear that somebody should reinforce it with new materials.|大墙开始倒塌，显然要用新材料来加固。

<25>requirement|n.sth.that is needed or necessary |要求；要求的东西

I knew that concentration was the first requirement for learning.|我知道专心致志是学习的首要条件。

The faculty agreed on a change in the requirements.|系里同意对要求进行修改。

<26>likely ad.probably |可能地

He very likely does not understand the nature of the risk that he describes.|他很有可能并不理解自己所谈的风险的实质。

Profit will most likely have risen by about $25 million.|利润极有可能要增加2,500万美元左右。

a.probably going to happen, or probably true |可能的；有希望的 It is likely that investors will face losses.|投资者有可能受到损失。

An unsuitable bed is the most likely cause of back trouble.|背部的不适极有可能是因为床铺选用不当。

<27>commit vt.1.decide to use for a particular purpose |使用；用于

They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poor nations.|他们呼吁西方国家向贫穷国家投入更多资金。

A lot of money and time has been committed to this project.| 大量资金和时间都已投入到该项目。

2.do sth.wrong or illegal |犯（错误、罪行等）；干（蠢事、坏事等）The crime had been committed in cold blood.|这宗犯罪真是残酷。

He said this was the worst mistake that he had ever committed.|他说这是他犯的最大的错误。

<28>assimilate vt.take in new ideas, information, etc.| 吸收，理解，掌握 It will take time to assimilate all these new ideas.|消化吸收这些新想法需要时间。

The person we are looking for must be flexible, creative, and able to assimilate new ideas.|我们在物色的人必须能随机应变，有创造力，能吸收新想法。

<29>provide

vt.give sth.to sb.or make sth.available to sb.|提供

New Horizon College English provides a new way of learning English and its Web site is definitely worth visiting.| 新视野大学英语教材为英语学习提供了新模式，其网站无疑值得访问。

The money will be used to provide the school with new computer equipment.|这笔资金将用于为学校添置新的计算机设备。

<30>input n.[U] information or some other kinds of resources that are put in/into |输入；投入

Any information that you put into a computer is taken as input.|输进计算机的任何信息均被视为输入。

Almost everyone involved had some input into what went wrong, so they should all share the

blame.|几乎所有人都参与了，所以都要对出现的错误承担一定责任。

<31>essential a.completely necessary |必不可少的，非常重要的 It is essential to remember every detail.|记住每个细节非常重要。

Summarize your essential points on one page.|把你的要点总结在一张纸上。

n.[C](usu.pl.)sth.necessary |要素；要点 the essentials of English grammar |英语语法要点

Details may hide the essentials.|细节会使要点难以辨认。

<32>challenge vt.1.question the rightness of sth.|质疑，对...表示怀疑

They challenged the authority of what he said.|他们对其发言的权威性提出了质疑。

Six states have challenged the law in federal court.|有六个州已就该法律向联邦法院提出质疑。

2.invite sb.to compete against oneself |向...挑战

To prove that he was faster than his friend, John challenged him to a race.|为了证明他比他的朋友跑得快，约翰提出与他赛跑。

Growing forces of opposition are challenging this government.|反对派力量不断增长，对这届政府正形成威胁。

n.[C, U] sth.that needs a lot of skill, effort and determination to achieve |挑战，考验

I like the challenge of learning new things.|我喜欢了解新事物要面临的挑战。

You may find your first couple of months on the job quite a challenge.|在工作的头几个月，你会感到巨大的挑战。

<33>normally

ad.in the usual way or to the usual degree |通常；正常地 The museum isn't normally as crowded as this.|博物馆通常不像这样拥挤。

Although they normally work a 40-hour week, much overtime is often required.|尽管他们一般一周工作40小时，还是常常被要求加班。

<34>sequence n.1.[C, U] a series of related events, actions, etc.that happen or are done in a particular order |连续；一连串

a sequence of good news |一连串的好消息

the sequence of events leading to the war |导致战争的一连串事件

2.[C, U] the order that sth.happens or exists in |次序，顺序 The chairs are numbered in sequence.|椅子按顺序编号。The numbers are out of sequence.|这些号码顺序乱了。

<35>sequential a.connected with or happening in a particular order |连续的 The numbers are arranged in sequential order.|这些号码是按顺序排列的。It's not sequential;it's more like a web.|这不是连续的，而更像一个网络。

<36>vital a.1.very important |极其重要的

His evidence was vital to the defense case.|他的证词对辩护案件极其重要。

In this job, the ability to remain calm is vital.|在这个工作岗位上，保持镇静的能力非常重要。

2.full of life and force |有生命的，充满生机的

He is a strong, vital man.|他是一个身体强壮、充满活力的人。

The music sounds fresh and vital.|这种音乐听起来清新且富有活力。

<37>personally ad.by oneself |亲自

The President wrote to us personally to thank us for our hard work.|总统亲自写信给我们，感谢我们所付出的艰辛劳动。

The teacher wants to talk to you personally.|老师想亲自和你谈谈。

<38>effective a.1.producing the desired result |有效的，起作用的

Effective communication is vital in problem solving.|有效沟通对解决问题十分重要。

The advertisement was simple but remarkably effective.|广告虽然简单，但效果却非常显著。

2.being put into practice |生效的

The effective date of the agreement has been delayed to January 1 next year.|这个协议的生效日期推迟到了明年的1月1号。

The new law will be effective from April 16th.|这部新法律要从4月16号起生效。

<39>facilitate vt.make it easier for sth.to happen |使容易；有助

With modern technology, the process of communication is greatly facilitated.|有了现代化设备，交流的过程大大便利了。

Guests take advantage of local transportation in order to facilitate cultural exchanges.|旅客利用当地的运输系统促进文化交流。

<40> facilitator n.[C] sb.who helps people do things effectively |促进者，推动者

The tutor is the facilitator of learning, while the learner is active.|家教固然能促进学习，学习者自身才起主动作用。

I hope that we will continue to have the same facilitator as last semester;she was a lot of help.|我想继续聘用上学期的学习辅导员；她有很大帮助。

Phrases and Expressions

<41>play a role |1.do sth.and have an influence on it |起作用

Online learning is playing a very important role in education.|网络学习在教育中起着重要的作用。

Clearly there are many factors that play a role in the decision-making process.|显然，在决策的过程中，有许多因素在起作用。

2.act a role in a play or film |扮演一个角色

Many famous actors dreamed of playing the role of Hamlet.|很多著名的演员梦想着能够扮演哈姆雷特这一角色。

<42>be/become aware of

|know about a situation or a fact |认识到，知道，觉察到 Are you aware of my coming? |你知道我要来吗？

I was not aware that you had already heard of the news.|我不知道你们已经听说了这个消息。

<43>in addition |what is more;moreover |另外，加之

In addition, we usually spend a week of the first term in Paris.|此外，我们通常会在春季去巴黎呆上一周。

In addition to the 40,000 students taking class on campus, the University has over 300 students on distance-learning.|除了在校的40,000名学生外，该校还有300多名远程学习的学生。

<44>reflect on

|think carefully about sth.|深思，考虑

She sat reflecting on how much had changed since she'd bought the farm.|她坐在那里，想着自从自己买下农场后所发生的变化。

He had time to reflect on his successes and failures.|他有时间对自己的成功和失败进行反思。

<45>speak up

|1.say sth., esp.to express an opinion |说出意见或看法

There was a brief silence, then he spoke up.|先是短暂的沉默；接着他发了言。

If you never speak up, people will not know how you feel.|如果不把想法说出来，大家不会知道你是怎么想的。

2.speak louder |大声说

Could you speak up so I can hear you, please? |麻烦您声音大点好么？ Speak up so grandma can hear you.|说大声点, 祖母才会听得到。

<46>be finished with |complete the job that one was doing |做完，完成 Aren't you finished with the wash up yet? |你还没把餐具洗完吗？

When you are finished with the book, give it back to me.|书看完后就还给我吧。

<47>allow for |consider sth.when making a plan or decision |为...留出余地；考虑到

We must start early to allow for troubles we might have in finding her house.|考虑到她的房子不好找，我们得早点出发。

It will take you an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.|把路上耽搁的时间算进去，你要用一个小时才能到车站。

<48>on sb.'s part/on the part of sb.|done or experienced by sb.|某人所做的；就某人而言 It was the mistake on my part.|这是我的错。

There are still doubts on the part of the students.|这些学生仍然心存疑虑。

<49>catch up(with)|improve and reach the same standard as other people |赶上，追上 He is studying hard to catch up with his classmates.|他正努力学习以赶上其他同学。Run faster!They are catching up with us.|跑快点！他们快追上咱们了。

<50>remind sb.of sth.|make sb.remember sth |使想起；提醒

The photo always reminds me of college days.|这张相片总让我想起大学里的日子。

She never forgets to remind her husband of his promises.|她从不忘记提醒丈夫他曾许下的诺言。

网络学习的成功秘诀

虽然常规的学校依然存在，但虚拟课堂在今天的教学领域中起着重要的作用。随着学生就业机会的迅速增多，越来越多不同年龄层的人开始意识到这种在家就学的网上学习方

式。然而，网络学生需要具备一些特别的素质才能取得成功。以下是网上学生要取得成功必备的一些理想素质。

1.与人分享生活、工作及学习经验，这些是网上学习的一部分。许多人发现网上学习需要他们运用各自的经验，同时又为他们提供了相互交流的场所。这一交流场所消除了一些学生自我表达的视觉障碍。此外，学生在答题之前有时间进行思考，这就使得网上环境开放而友好。

2.能通过书写进行交流。虚拟课堂的交流几乎都是书面形式。因而很重要的一点是学生要具有书面表达能力。有些学生书面表达能力差，有待提高，可以在网上学习之前提高或将其作为网上学习的一部分。这常常需要他们加倍努力。不管是单独学习还是小组学习，学生们就学习内容交流观点和见解，并展开讨论，同时了解其他同学的意见。这样，学生可以从同龄人那里得到启发，既跟老师学，又互相学习。

3.说出你的困难。记住，虚拟课堂里老师看不见学生。这就意味学生必须直接明了地表达自己的看法和要求。如果碰到技术方面的问题，或在理解课程中遇到困难，必须大胆说出来，否则任何人都无从知晓问题所在。如果某人不理解某个问题，或许别人也有同样的问题。如果有哪个学生能解决，他(她)也许就会帮助你。学生在给他人解释问题时，自己对该问题的认识也加深了。

4.认真对待课程。网上学习并不比课堂学习容易。事实上，许多学生说它需要花更多的时间和努力。网络课程的要求不低于其他任何一种优质课程。然而，取得成功的学生认为网上学习是一种便捷的受教育方式，但并不容易。晚上或周末，为了完成作业，许多网络学生在电脑前一坐就是几个小时。别人已完成作业和学习，开始玩耍，而此时网络学生却很可能还在上课。他们每门课程每周要上4到15小时。

5.把批判性思维和决策作为网上学习的一部分。网络课程要求学生根据事实和经验做出决定。对学生来讲，理解并消化信息，并通过批判性思维做出正确的决定是十分必要的。在积极的网络环境中，学生从老师、同学那里感受到自己的价值，对自己的学习也感到满意。

6.三思而后答。在虚拟课堂上做出有意义、高质量的回答是网上学习的重要部分。要花时间斟酌并仔细作答，提倡对不同观点进行验证和质疑。网络学生往往并不总是对的；他们应做好准备，迎接挑战。

7.跟上课程进度。网上学习通常是循序渐进的，要求学生专心投入。与网络课程保持同步，并按时完成所有功课至关重要。一旦落后就很难赶上。学生要有成功的欲望，而且也要渴望这种经历。老师可能会与学生面对面交流，提供帮助并提醒他们跟上进度的必要性。

正如许多优秀教师并不能有效地用网络辅助教学一样，并不是所有学生都具备在网上学习中取得成功所需的素质。具备上述素质的人通常能够成为优秀的网络学生。一旦拥有这些素质，网上学习说不定将是你最有价值的发现之一。

Exercises

Section C Comprehensive Exercises

Unit 2 Preview Do you ever have difficulty talking to your parents? You‟re not alone.Young people and their parents usually fail in their attempts to communicate with each other.As a result, their two different worlds can move in separate directions or collide head-on.This is what is known as the “generation gap”

What can be done about this problem? The best solution is for both sides to practice better listening skills.Hearing what has been said and actually listening are entirely different matters.Listening means making the effort to truly understand and connect with what someone else is trying to say, and it is the key to effective communication.Section A Pre-reading Activity You are about to read an early morning exchange between daughter and her parents.From the exchange, you will find that they think about the same things in very different ways.You will also find how they misunderstand each other.They seem to be blind to what is important in each other„s lives.This creates the so-called gap between the older and the younger generations.Yet, from another point of view, the exchange also shows the parents‟ deep concern for their daughter, who doesn‟t seem to know it.1.They have an early morning exchange.2.2.They misunderstand each other and seem to be blind to what is important in each other‟s lives.This creates the so-called gap.Text: Deep Concern

Language Point

Language Point 1 | The radio clicked on.Rock music blasted forth.(Para.1)|Meaning: As soon as the radio turned on with a short, sharp sound, rock music began playing loudly.Language Point 2 | Sandy sang along with the words as she lay listening to her favorite radio station.(Para.1)| Meaning: Sandy sang the song that was playing on her favorite radio station while she was still in bed.Language Point 3 | Sandy, turn that music off!(Para.2)| Meaning: Sandy, stop that music!

Language Point 4 | Steve Finch burst into her room.(Para.2)| Meaning: Steve Finch entered her room suddenly.Language Point 5 | Why do you have to listen to such horrible stuff?(Para.2)| Meaning: Why do you have to listen to such bad music?

|Language Point 6 |...though it does have rhythm.(Para.2)| Meaning:...though it really has rhythm.Here “does” is used for emphasis(强调)and should be followed by the bare infinitive form of the verb.More examples:| He does have a brother in England.他的确有个弟弟在英国。She did go to

see the doctor yesterday.她昨天的确去看病了。

Language Point 7 | I can't stand it.(Para.4)| Meaning: It is too much for me to bear.Language Point 8 | Then she grabbed the soap and washed thoroughly, including her hair.(Para.5)| Meaning: Then she took the soap suddenly and washed herself all over, including her hair.Language Point 9 | It isn't healthy to eat standing up.(Para.7)| Meaning: It isn't good for your health if you have your breakfast while standing up.Language Point 10 | I'll brush my teeth when I'm done.(Para.12)| Meaning: I'll brush my teeth when I have finished my breakfast.|Language Point 11 | It's disgusting.(Para.13)| Meaning: It's bad, and I don't like it.Language Point 12 | Stop bugging me.(Para.16)| Meaning: Stop bothering me.Language Point 13 | Sandy Finch, you're too young to wear that much makeup.(Para.19)| Meaning: Sandy Finch, you're not old enough to wear so much makeup.Notice that the mother greeted the daughter by full name, which means the mother was very firm in her opinion and/or wanted to be sure to get her daughter's full attention.Language Point 14 |...and bolted out of the house.(Para.20)| Meaning:...and left the house quickly.Language Point 15 | After Sandy had left for school, Jane Finch sat down in peace and quiet to drink her coffee.(Para.21)| Meaning: After Sandy had left for school, Jane Finch sat down calmly to drink her coffee.Language Point 16 | No, thanks, honey.My stomach feels upset—like its full of knots.(Para.23)| Meaning: No, thanks, dear.I am not feeling well in stomach.It seems full of knots.Notice that the expression “it's full of knots” may come from the idiom “knots in ones stomach”, which means a tight uncomfortable feeling caused by a strong emotion such as fear or anger.Language Point 17 | I don't think I'm old-fashioned, but hearing those tuneless, offensive lyrics repeatedly makes my blood boil.(Para.23)| Meaning: I don't think I am unwilling to accept new ideas, but hearing those unpleasant songs over and over makes me angry.Language Point 18 |...different music appeals to different generations...(Para.24)| Meaning:...people of different age groups like different types of music...Language Point 19 | Maybe eating breakfast will help me get rid of some of the knots in my stomach.(Para.25)| Meaning: Maybe eating breakfast will help me feel better.Language Point 20 |...that music could have a negative influence on Sandy.(Para.27)| Meaning:...the music could have a bad effect on Sandy.Language Point 21 |...she and Sandy could still talk things over.(Para.29)| Meaning:...she could still have a good discussion with Sandy about these things.Language Point 22 | She knew she had to have patience and keep the lines of communication with her daughter open.(Para.29)| Meaning: She knew she had to be patient and keep communication with her daughter effective.Language Point 23 | She wanted to be there as an anchor for her, but at the same time she would give her freedom to find her own identity.(Para.29)| Meaning: She wanted to be a person who can make her feel safe and supported but at the same time let her find out who she is by herself.New Words

<1>concern n.1.[U] a feeling of worry |担心；忧虑

In the story the parents show their great concern for their daughter.|故事里，父母对他们的女儿表现出极大的担心。

The recent rise in crime is a matter of great public concern.|近来犯罪的增多是公众非常担忧的事情。

2.[C] sth.that makes sb.worried |关心的事；担心的事

His main concern is to be able to provide money for his family.|他主要关心的是为家里赚钱。Your private life is not my concern.|你的私生活与我无关。

vt.|1.make sb.feel worried |使担心；使忧虑

It isn't your problem—don't concern yourself with it.|这不是你的问题，你用不着担心。

What concerns me most is that despite pay increases, production has not improved.|最令我担心的是虽然工资增加了，生产却没有上去。

2.be about sth.|涉及，与...有关系

This article concerns the issue of generation gap.|这篇文章讲的是代沟问题。

This study concerns couples' expectations of marriage.|这项研究涉及夫妻对婚姻的期待。

<2>click vi.make a short, sharp sound |发出咔嗒声 The key clicked in the lock.|钥匙在琐里咔嗒响了一声。

Her shoes clicked against the floor as she walked.|她走动时，鞋在地板上咔噔咔噔作响。

n.|[C] a short, sharp sound |咔嗒声

The door opened with a click.|门咔嗒一声开了。

I heard a click, and then the phone went dead.|我听到咔嗒一声电话就挂了。

<3>blast vi.produce a lot of noise, esp.music |发出响亮的声音（尤指音乐）Music blasted from the radio.|收音机里猛地响起了音乐。

A machine gun blasted just outside the tent.|帐篷外，机关枪突然嘟嘟嘟地响起来。

vt.|break up by explosion |爆破

They had to blast their way through the mountainside.|他们不得不沿着山坡炸出一条路来。The first shot missed and blasted a hole in the wall.|第一枪打偏了，在墙上炸出了一个洞。

n.|[C] an explosion |爆炸

The blast completely destroyed the building.|爆炸彻底摧毁了这栋建筑。

The blast killed 168 people and hurt hundreds.|爆炸炸死了168人，炸伤了数百人。

<4>forth ad.out;forward |出来；向外

The sun came forth from behind the clouds.|太阳从云后出来。

The house was still burning with thick black smoke pouring forth.|房子还在燃烧，冒出浓浓的黑烟。

<5>burst vi.(burst, burst)move somewhere suddenly or quickly, esp.into or out of a place |冲，闯

Several students burst into the schoolmaster's office just as he was about to leave.|校长正要离开时，几个学生闯进了他的办公室。

She burst out of the room without saying a single word.|她什么也没说，冲出了房间。

<6>horrible a.1.very bad or unpleasant |糟糕的；使人不愉快的 This tastes horrible!|真难吃！

The weather has been really horrible all week.|这一周天气真是糟糕透了。

2.shocking;frightening |可怕的；令人恐惧的

What a horrible story!|可怕的故事!It's horrible to hear that so many people in the world are hungry and don't have food.|听到世界上有这么多人挨饿，没东西吃，感到很可怕。

<7>stuff n.[U] sth.that one does not know the correct name |东西

What's the green stuff at the bottom of the bottle? |瓶底上那绿色的是什么东西？

I don't know how we're going to get all this stuff into the car.|我不知道我们如何将这些东西全部搬进车里去。

vt.|push sth.into a space |填；塞

The pillow was stuffed with feathers.|枕头里塞满了羽毛。

The rooms are stuffed with antiques and priceless treasures.|这几间房子都塞满了古董和无价之宝。

<8>rhythm n.[C, U] a regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements |节奏 I'm not keen on the tune but I love the rhythm.|我不特别喜欢那曲调，但喜欢它的节奏。You need to feel the rhythm of the music in order to dance properly.|为了跳好舞，你需要感受音乐的节奏。

<9>grab vt.take sth.suddenly or roughly |抓住，夺得

Helen grabbed the toy car from her little brother.|海伦抢去了弟弟手上的玩具汽车。

She grabbed her clothes and ran out when the alarm went off.|警报响起时，她抓起衣服就往外跑。

<10>thorough a.including every possible detail |全面的，彻底的 The doctor gave the patient a thorough check-up.|医生为病人做了全面检查。

The police made a thorough search of the house and found the child hiding under a chair.|警察彻底搜查了那所房子，发现孩子藏在椅子下。

<11> thoroughly ad.carefully and completely |完全地；彻底地 We thoroughly enjoyed our holiday.|我们假期玩得非常开心。

Eating only thoroughly cooked foods will reduce your risk of illness.|只吃完全煮熟的食物可以减少生病的危险。

<12>makeup n.[U] paint, powder, creams, etc.that people put on their face |化妆品 She hadn't taken off her stage makeup yet when I saw her.|我见到她时她还没有缷去戏妆。After I put on my makeup, I'll be ready to go with you to the restaurant.|我化好妆后，就准备和你去饭馆。

<13>toast n.1.[U] bread made brown by heating |烤面包 He had toast for breakfast.|他早餐吃了烤面包。

She had a slice of toast and a cup of coffee.|她吃了一块烤面包，喝了一杯咖啡。

2.[C] an act of drinking, esp.in order to thank sb., wish sb.luck, etc.|祝酒，干杯

We drank a toast to our teacher's health.|我们干杯祝老师身体健康。

I'd like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.|我提议为新娘新郎干杯。

vt.|hold up one's glass and wish sb.success, happiness, luck, etc.|祝酒，干杯

Let's toast the friendship between our two countries.|让我们为两国的友谊干杯。Let's toast Edward for a job well done.|让我们为爱德华出色的工作干杯。

<14>disgusting a.very unpleasant |令人厌恶的，令人反感的 A bad egg has a disgusting smell.|臭蛋味道很难闻。

Rubbish was piled everywhere—it was disgusting.|到处堆着垃圾，真叫人恶心。

<15>bug vt.(infml.)bother;annoy;trouble |打扰；使烦恼

It really bugs me when people come around without calling first.|有些人不先打电话就来，实在讨厌。

It just bugs me that I have to work so many extra hours for no extra money.|我必须加班加点地干这么多小时，却没有额外的工钱，实在让人烦恼。

<16>eyeliner n.[C] |描眼膏；眼线笔

French eye-liners are well-known to the world.|法国眼线笔世界有名。She was wearing thick, black eyeliner.|她描了浓浓的黑色眼线。

<17>tattoo n.[C] patterns made by putting ink into the skin |文身

She said she hated to see the tattoo on his arm.| 她说她讨厌看见他手臂上的刺纹。He has a tattoo of a snake on his left arm.|他的左臂刺了一条蛇。

vt.|have patterns made by putting ink into the skin |在身上刺文身

He had the words “I love you” tattooed on his chest.|他胸前文着“我爱你”的字样。The man's left arm was tattooed with a snake.|这男人的左臂刺了一条蛇。

<18>pierce vt.make a hole in |穿孔于，打眼于

Many women have pierced their ears.|很多女士都扎了耳朵眼。

Rose underwent emergency surgery after a bullet pierced her lung.|一颗子弹穿了她的肺后，罗斯做了紧急手术。

<19>bolt vi.move fast or run away suddenly |奔；窜

The noise of the explosion made the horses bolt.|一声爆响，把那些马吓跑了。

Before I could say a word, she turned and bolted out the front door.|不等我说话，她转身就窜出了前门。

<20>upset a.feeling ill, worried, or anxious |不适的；心烦的；苦恼的

Phone and tell the teacher that you get an upset stomach.|打电话告诉老师你的胃不舒服。I was quite upset at losing my purse.|我丢了钱包，心里非常不快。

vt.|(upset, upset)make sb.worried, anxious, or ill |使心烦；使苦恼；使不适

The news of his son's disappearance upset him.|他儿子失踪的消息使他心烦意乱。What upsets me most is the fact that she told a lie.|最让我不安的是她撒了谎。

<21>knot n.1.[C] an uncomfortable feeling, esp.in the stomach, caused by fear, anger, etc.|紧张（感）；心窝揪紧 a knot of fear |一阵恐惧

There was a knot of tension in his stomach.|他感到一阵紧张。

2.[C] a join made by tying rope, cloth, etc.|（绳索、布条等打成的）结

Please tie a knot at the end of rope.|请在绳子的一端打个结。Can you help me undo the knot? |帮我打开这个结好吗？

<22>awful a.very bad or unpleasant;terrible |糟糕的；可怕的 It would be awful if they found out.|如果他们知道了真相，那就糟了。I felt awful about not being able to help.|我帮不上忙，心里很难受。

<23> tune n.[C] a number of musical notes that form a pleasing pattern of sound |曲调；旋律

I can't remember the tune of that song.|我记不起那首歌的调子。

I've heard that tune before, but I don't know the words to the song.|我听过这个曲子，但记不起歌词了。

<24>tuneless a.without tune;not having a pleasant tune |不成调的；不悦耳的

A young man walked by, singing a tuneless song.|一个年轻人从身边走过，哼着不成调的歌。The song is tuneful, but her voice is tuneless.|歌很有旋律，可她的嗓子不动听。

<25>offensive

a.causing offense;unpleasant |讨厌的；令人不快的

There are complaints that the advertisement was offensive to women.|有人投诉说这则广告是对女性的冒犯。

There is an offensive smell in the room.|房间里有难闻的气味。

<26>lyric n.[C](~s)words of a song, esp.a popular song |歌词 I like the lyrics of this song.|我喜欢这首歌的歌词。

He wrote some great music, but the lyrics he wrote weren't that good.|他创作了一些好音乐，但他写的歌词不怎么样。

<27>appeal vi.1.(to)attract;interest |使喜欢；吸引

This music is too old-fashioned to appeal to young people any longer.|这音乐太老，不能再吸引年轻人。

The idea of working abroad really appeals to me.|到国外工作对我真的有吸引力。

2.make a strong request for help, support, etc.|恳请；呼吁

The police are appealing to the public for any information about the murder victim.|警方呼吁公众提供有关被害者的情况。

The police have appealed to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.|警察呼吁所有知情的人来和他们谈谈。

<28>rid a.no longer annoyed by sb.or sth.unpleasant or unwanted |摆脱...的 Just give him the money and you can be rid of him.|给他点钱，你就可以摆脱他了。Take the medicine, and you can get rid of this cold.|把药吃了，感冒就好了。

vt.|(rid, rid)make sb.or sth.free from sth.unpleasant or unwanted |使摆脱，使去掉

You must rid yourself of these old-fashioned ideas.|你必须抛掉这些陈旧的观念。Will science finally rid us of this disease? |科学最终会让我们根除这种疾病吗？

<29> piercing n.[C] a hole made through part of one's body in order to wear jewelry there |刺穿的孔

She has piercings in both of her ears.|她两耳都打了耳朵眼。

Body massage and ear piercing are offered at the small shop.|这家小店提供身体按摩和穿耳孔服务。

<30>negative a.1.bad or harmful |不好的；负面的；消极的

I'm feeling very negative about my job—in fact I'm thinking about finding a new one.|我觉得我的工作很没劲，事实上我正考虑找一份新工作。

All this had a negative effect on my work.|所有这些对我的工作都产生了负面影响。

2.saying or meaning no |否定的

What is the negative form of this word? |这个词的否定形式是什么？

He gave a negative answer without any explanation.|他没有解释，只是给了否定回答。

<31>influence n.[C, U] an effect on sb.or sth.|影响；作用

The fact that he's rich and famous had no influence on our decision.|他有钱有名气，但这不会影响我们的决定。

The parents were worried about the influence of Western films and TV programs on their children.|父母们担心西方电影和电视节目会影响孩子。

vt.|have an effect on |影响

You must decide for yourself.Don't let anyone else influence you.|你必须自己决定，别受他人 的影响。

How much does TV advertising really influence what people buy?| 电视广告对人们购物的影响到底有多少？

<32>patience n.[U] the quality of being able to remain calm, esp.when there is a difficulty or one has to wait a long time |耐心；忍耐（性）

I'm sorry.I've got no patience with people who don't even try.|对不起，我不能容忍那些连试一下都不肯的人。

This type of medical research requires great patience.|这种医学研究需要极大的耐心。

<33>anchor n.1.[C] sb.or sth.that provides support and a feeling of safety |依靠，靠山 Parents need to be an anchor for their children.|父母应当是孩子的靠山。

Dad was the anchor of the family and I could always go to him for help.|爸爸是家里人的依靠，我随时可以去找他帮忙。

2.[C] a heavy metal object that is dropped into the water from a boat in order

to keep the boat in one place |锚

In the morning we weighed anchor and sailed on.|清晨我们起锚继续航行。We dropped anchor a few yards offshore.|我们在离岸几码远的地方抛锚。

<34>identity n.[C] who or what a person or thing is |身份；本体

To escape the police, he had to conceal his identity.|为了躲避警方，他不得不隐瞒身份。She applied for a teaching job under a false identity.|她用假身份申请从事教书工作。

Phrases and Expressions <35>along with |together with |一起，一道

Along with hundreds of others, she lost her job when the factory closed.|工厂倒闭，她和其他几百名工人一起失去了工作。

The mother was saved from the fire along with her baby.|母亲和婴儿都被从火中救了出来。

<36>turn off |stop using a piece of equipment by moving a switch |关闭

Please turn all the lights off as you leave the building;we can't afford to waste power.|离开时请将所有的灯关掉，我们浪费不起电。

She turned off the water, dried herself, and dressed in jeans and a shirt.|她把水关掉，擦干身上的水，然后穿上牛仔裤和衬衫。

<37>burst into |1.enter a place suddenly |闯入

She burst into the manager's office and demanded to speak to him.|她冲入经理办公室，要求当面跟他说话。

His partner was so excited about the news that he burst into the room to tell him.|他的伙伴听到这消息非常激动，冲进房间去告诉他。

2.start suddenly |突然开始

She burst into laughter.|她突然笑了起来。

Afterwards, she went straight to the ladies' room and burst into tears.|然后，她径直走进卫生间

哭了起来。

<38>over and over | again and again;repeatedly |一再，反复

Read the word over and over until you can say it correctly.|一遍一遍地读这个单词，直到你读对了为止。

They kept asking the same question over and over again.|他们反复问同一个问题。

<39>reach for |move one's hand or arm in order to touch or hold sth.|伸手去摸；伸手去取 There was no time for me to reach for my gun.|我来不及伸手掏枪。

There was a noise outside, so Bill reached for his flashlight.|比尔听到外面的声响，便伸手去拿手电筒。

<40>turn up |increase the amount of heat, sound, etc.by moving a switch |调大，开大 He turned the heat up because it was very cold inside the house.|他把暖气开大了点，因为屋里非常冷。

Is the sound turned up too loud for you? |你看这声音是否开得太大了？

<41>turn down |reduce the amount of heat, sound, etc.by moving a switch |调小，开小 She could not bear the music and turned down the volume.|她受不了这种音乐，于是把音量关小了。

Can you turn the TV down? I'm trying to work.|你能把电视的声音开小点吗？我正想静心工作呢。

<42>as well as |in addition to |除...之外；和

He's worked in Japan as well as Italy.| 他在日本工作过，也在意大利工作过。

Flowers are chosen for their scent as well as their look.|选花既要闻其香，又要观其色。

<43>turn on |cause water, gas, etc.to flow or equipment to operate |打开开关 Please turn on the light for me;it's getting dark.|天黑了，请给我开开灯。

Jack turned on his computer and checked his email.|杰克打开电脑，查看电子邮件。

<44>as usual

|in the way that happens most of the time |像往常一样，照例

Everything went on as usual, as if nothing had happened.|一切照常进行，好像什么也没发生过。

As usual, they'd left the children at home with the babysitter.|像往常一样，他们将孩子留在家里由保姆看管。

<45>in peace and quiet |calmly;in a peaceful state |平静地

I'm tired—can't you just leave me in peace and quiet? |我累了，你不能让我静一静吗？

I wish she would just leave me in peace and quiet so that I can think about the problem without interruption.|我希望她能让我静一静，这样我可以不受干扰，好好想一想这个问题。

<46>wake up |(cause to)stop sleeping |（使）醒来 Wake up, Jimmy, it's 8: 00.|醒醒，吉米，八点钟了！

I'll wake you up when it's time to leave.|到了走的时候我会叫醒你。

<47>make one's blood boil | make sb.angry |使某人生气

Her tuneless music made her father's blood boil.|她那难听的音乐使她父亲很生气。Whenever I think about it, it makes my blood boil.|我一想起它就生气。

<48>get rid of

|1.free oneself from sth.unwanted or unpleasant |摆脱；除去

I've tried all sorts of medicines to get rid of this cold.|为了治好感冒，我已经试了各种药物。This is an effective way to get rid of weeds.|这是一种除草的有效方法。

2.throw away or destroy sth.that one does not want|丢弃；扔掉

We're moving, so we have to get rid of a lot of our old furniture.|我们要搬家，不得不扔掉很多旧家具。

We should encourage the governments of the world to get rid of all nuclear weapons.|我们应该鼓励各国政府销毁所有的核武器。

<49>knots in one's stomach |an unpleasant tight feeling |紧张，不安 He said he felt knots in his stomach.|他说他感到不安。

She had knots in her stomach before meeting his parents for the first time.|她第一次见他的父母时感到紧张。

<50>in any case |no matter what happens |无论如何；不管怎样

The cost may be lower than we first thought, but in any case it will still be a lot.|费用也许比我们当初想象的低，但无论如何仍相当可观。

I don't understand why you're against it.In any case, I'm going to try.|我不明白为什么你不同意，无论如何我要试一试。

<51>talk sth.over |talk about sth.thoroughly and seriously, esp.in order to settle a problem or reach a decision |商议；讨论

If you're worried about this change of career, why don't you talk it over with your family? |如果你对这次变换职业担心的话，为什么不和家人商量一下呢？

She wanted me to go to her office to talk things over.|她要我到她办公室把事情谈清楚。

深深的忧虑

收音机“咔嗒”一声，摇滚乐就大声地响开了。音乐像枪声似的将桑迪吵醒。她看了一下钟，早上6点一刻。她躺在床上，听着她喜欢的电台广播，嘴里哼着歌词。

“桑迪，” 她父亲喊道，“桑迪，把音乐关了！”史蒂夫·芬奇冲进她的卧室。“你为什么一定要听这么糟糕的音乐？ 还听了一遍又一遍。虽然有节奏，可恐怕不是真正的音乐。”

“我喜欢这种音乐，爸爸。这是我最喜欢的。您听一下吧，您肯定会喜欢的。” 桑迪伸手把音乐开得更响。

“别，别开那么响，我受不了。把收音机音量调低点，这样我和你妈妈就听不到了。我敢肯定，那音乐既伤你的耳朵，又伤你的大脑。”

桑迪走进浴室，打开淋浴喷头。然后她抓起香皂，浑身上下洗个遍，连头发也洗了。

淋浴后，桑迪梳了梳头发，穿上一件旧的绿色圆领衫和一条牛仔裤。接着她化好妆，走进了厨房。和往常一样，她不知道早餐该吃什么，便抓了杯牛奶，站在洗涤槽旁吃烤面包。就在此时，她妈妈简走进了厨房。

“桑迪，你怎么不坐下吃饭？ 站着吃饭对身体不好。” “我知道，妈妈，可我没时间坐着吃。” “昨天做作业了吧，宝贝？” “做了。”

“刷过牙了？”

“妈妈，我还没吃完饭呢。吃完了再刷。”

“桑迪，你怎么穿那件旧圆领衫呢？ 难看死了。” “妈妈，请别这样。” “别怎么样？” “别这样烦我。”

“桑迪，你怎么描起眼线来了？”

“我是描了，妈妈。我都描了几个月了。难道不漂亮？” “桑迪·芬奇，你还小，不能化这么浓的妆。”

“妈妈，我都15岁了，到了可以化妆的年龄了。给您说实话吧，学校的女孩子都化妆有些还文身，有的还戴耳环、鼻环、舌环呢。妈妈，我现在没时间给您说，我快迟到了，得走了。再见。” 桑迪匆匆吻了一下妈妈的脸颊，拿起书冲出了屋子。

桑迪离家上学后，简·芬奇平静地坐下来喝咖啡。没过一会儿，她丈夫走了进来。

“史蒂夫，喝点咖啡吧？”简问道。

“不，谢谢，亲爱的。我胃不舒服，心乱如麻。可能是因为那讨厌的音乐每天早上把我吵醒。我想我还不至于老得落伍吧，可没完没了地听那毫无韵律、令人讨厌的歌曲实在让我生气。”

“你知道，亲爱的，不同年龄的人喜欢不同的音乐，” 简劝说道。“还记得我们听过的一些音乐吗？”

史蒂夫笑了，“你说得有道理。也许吃点早饭能让我感觉好一点。” “你注意到了吗，今天早晨我们15岁的女儿都化了什么样的妆？我真不敢相信自己以前没有注意到。我想我们应该感到幸运，因为我们女儿的最大问题还只是化妆。我看到其他年轻人在镇上游手好闲，还文身，浑身穿了许多洞。”

“令我担心的是，”史蒂夫说，“那种音乐对桑迪可能有负面的影响。我不知道我们的女儿到底怎么回事。她在变，我很担心她。化妆品，糟糕的音乐，谁知道以后还会有什么花样？

我们得和她谈谈。新闻里报道的尽是惹上麻烦的青少年，可他们的父母却不知道自己的孩子有什么问题。”

“哦，我倒不认为她的音乐如此糟糕。但不管怎么说，你还是说得对，我们需要和桑

迪谈谈，” 简说道。

去上班的路上，简·芬奇一面开着车，一面想着她的桑迪。她知道自己想说什么，得对桑迪说什么。她和桑迪之间还可以进行交流，这令她很高兴。她知道自己得有耐心，得保持自己和桑迪之间沟通的渠道畅通。她想在桑迪的身边，做她的保护人，同时又给她寻找自我的自由。Exercises IX．

1．我认为那些在镇上游手好闲、在身上又文身又穿洞的青少年是在表达他们的个性。

2．因特网提供了一种更快捷的方式，让我们与全球的新老客户取得联系，并保持沟通渠道畅通无阻。

3．父母与自己十多岁的孩子的沟通问题不仅仅在于“代沟”，而且还在于双方都不完全理解对方的思想。

4．当父母与子女间有了这类沟通障碍时，青少年面临的问题可能更大。

5．青少年常常要经历这么一个阶段，在这个阶段，他们觉得父母会让他们没面子，害怕他们达不到自己朋友的标准。

6．比如，青少年希望在外呆到很睌，但是当第二天早上要起床上学时，那又是另一回事了。

Structured Writing XII.The first thing you should do to make tea is to boil water.While waiting for it to boil, you can get your teapot out and put the right amount of tea leaves into it.When the water has come to boil, pour it into the teapot.Then wait for a few minutes to 1et the leaves steep.Next? Enjoy the tea.Section B Reading Skills: Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions Text: Is There a Generation Gap? Language Point Language Point 1 | As a result, many parents fear that peer opinions will become more highly valued and that they in turn will lose influence.(Para.1)| Meaning: Because of this, many parents worry that their children will pay more attention to peers' opinions than to theirs.Language Point 2 | Several questions were asked to tap into basic beliefs and values...(Para.2)| Meaning: Several questions were asked to learn about people's basic beliefs and values...Language Point 3 | Across the generations, there was great consistency in the responses.(Para.2)| Meaning: All four generations have nearly the same answers.Language Point 4 | These studies show that while young people tend to value their peers' evaluations over parents on things like music, clothing and what's “cool”...(Para.3)| Meaning: These studies show that while young people are more likely to prefer their peers' opinions to their parents about such things as music, clothing, and what's “cool”...Language Point 5 |...they continue to look to parents for basic values and guidance in the more important areas of life, such as career and lifetime goals.(Para.3)| Meaning:...they continue to

depend on their parents for basic values, help, and advice in the more important areas of life, such as profession and lifetime goals.Language Point 6 | Perhaps, though, the problem does not lie in a difference of opinions or values, but in the way we relate to and communicate with each other.(Para.4)| Meaning: Perhaps, though, the problem is not that there is a difference of opinions or values between the old and the young, but that they have different ways of understanding and communicating with each other.Language Point 7 | Here are some tips from an article entitled “Bridging the Generation Gap” that might help.(Para.4)| Meaning: Here are some pieces of useful advice taken from an article with the title “Bridging the Generation Gap”.Language Point 8 | An attitude of respect and trust can be contagious.(Para.5)| Meaning: An attitude of respect and trust can bring about the same feelings in other people.In other words, if you respect and trust others, others will respect and trust you.Language Point 9 | Questioning can sound like interrogation.(Para.6)| Meaning: To children the questions parents ask may seem to be questions police ask criminals.Language Point 10 | Instead, adopt an attitude of curiosity rather than control.(Para.6)| Meaning: Instead, you should show your desire to know about your child, not to control him or her.Language Point 11 | If your object is only to listen, you should be careful not to be preparing your response while your teen is still talking.(Para.6)| Meaning: If you just want to listen to your child, you should pay attention to what he or she says rather than think about how to give a reply.Language Point 12 | Ask whether your child wants to hear it before sharing your point of view.(Para.7)| Meaning: Ask whether your child wants to hear your opinion before telling him or her about your ideas on that particular subject.Language Point 13 | If you state your case with a “This is what makes sense to me” attitude as opposed to “This is the right way to see things”, he or she can listen more openly instead of planning rebellion.(Para.7)| Meaning: If you tell your story with a friendly attitude instead of a commanding one, he or she will listen more willingly to you rather than rebel against you.
Notice that “This is what makes sense to me” is taken as a modifier that describes attitude.Language Point 14 | Any way you can get across the message “We're in this together” can help bridge gaps that conflicts might otherwise create.(Para.8)| Meaning: Any method by which you make your teen understand “We shall work on this together” can help bridge gaps that might be caused by other differences between you and your teen.
Note that “you get across the message” is a clause that modifies “any way” while “that conflicts can otherwise create” is a clause that modifies gaps.“We're in this together” is in apposition(同位)to “the message”.The word “in” here means involved in.32

Language Point 15 | Instead of “You're ruining your life!”, say “I'm concerned about what might happen if...” “What do you think you might do in a situation like that?”(Para.9)| Meaning: Do not say “You're ruining your life!” Just say “I worry about what might happen if...” or “What do you think you might do in a situation like that?”

Language Point 16 | Whether it's about checking in by the phone, putting things away, or drinking out of the milk carton, “Do as I say and not as I do” will not improve the relationship.(Para.10)| Meaning: Whether it is about reporting ones arrival at a place by the phone, about putting things where they are usually kept, or about drinking out of the milk carton, parents will not make the relationship better if they themselves do not follow the rules that they give to their children.
The implied meaning of this sentence is that whatever the rule is about, parents should follow it before asking their teens to obey it.Language Point 17 | Showing self-acceptance and tolerance for imperfection is very encouraging to teenagers(as well as other people around you)and tends to make you easier to approach with questions, regrets, and challenges.(Para.11)| Meaning: Accepting yourself and admitting that you are not perfect is very encouraging to teenagers(and to other people around you)and is likely to make you an easier person for other people to ask questions, express regrets, and present challenges.Language Point 18 |...like losing your cool or saying something hurtful during an argument.(Para.11)| Meaning:...like losing your self-control or saying something hurtful during a discussion.Language Point 19 | The humor, energy and sense of possibility teenagers often have can awaken parents to positive sides of themselves they had forgotten or neglected.(Para.12)| Meaning: Teenagers are full of humor and energy, and they think that everything is possible.This can make parents aware of their own strong points which they had forgotten or given little attention to.
Note that “teenagers often have” is a clause modifying “the humor, energy and sense of possibility”.New Word

<1>concept

n.[C] a thought, idea, or principle |概念；观念

The concept that “big is beautiful” is no longer as popular as it was.|“大就是美”这种观念不再那么流行了。

This section has introduced some of the basic concepts used by many sociologists.|本节介绍了许多社会学家使用的某些基本概念。

<2>consistency n.[U] the quality of always being the same |一致性；连贯性

Your work lacks consistency.Sometimes it's excellent but at other times it's full of mistakes.|你的工作缺乏稳定性，有时做得很好，有时则错误百出。

Consistency of performance depends on several factors.|表演的稳定依赖于几种因素。

<3>response

n.1.[C] a reply |回答

I've sent out 20 letters of inquiry but I haven't had any responses yet.|我发出了20封询问信，但还没有收到回复。

Her response was to leave the room and slam the door.|她的反应是离开房间把门砰地关上。

2.[C, U] an action done as a reaction to sth.|反应，回应 She opened the door in response to the knock.|听到敲门后她便开了门。

The report has aroused a strong response from the readers.|这篇报道引起了读者的强烈反应。

<4>refute

vt.prove that sb.or sth.is not correct |反驳，驳斥

I knew he was lying but I had no evidence with which to refute his story.|我知道他在撒谎，但我没有证据反驳他。

<5>tend vi.be likely to do sth.|倾向于，趋于

People tend to need less sleep as they grow older.|随着年龄增长，人们对睡眠的需求往往在减少。

It tends to rain here a lot in the spring.|这里春天往往雨水很多。vt.|take care of;look after |照料，照顾

She tended her husband during his long illness.|丈夫长期卧病，她一直照料他。

ane was outside tending the garden when the fire broke out.|发生火灾时，简在外面护理花园。

<6>evaluate vt.judge the value, quality, or degree of sth.|评价；评估

|The school has only been open for six months, so it's hard to evaluate its success.|该学校仅开办了六个月，现在很难估计其成绩。

It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments.|很难评估不同治疗方法的效果。

<7> evaluation n.[C, U] a judgment about the value, quality, or degree of sth.|评估；评价 We need to carry out a proper evaluation of the new system.|我们需要对这个新的系统做适当评估。

They took some samples of products for evaluation.|他们取了一些样品进行评估。

<8>guidance n.[U] help and advice |指导，引导

They offer practical guidance to people starting their own businesses.|他们给开始自己创业的人提供切实可行的指导。

Your teacher can give you guidance on choosing a career and writing a job application.|你的老师可以指导你如何选择职业和写就业申请。

<9>career n.[C] a job or profession one is trained for and intends to follow for part or the whole of one's life |职业；一生的事业

His career in politics is rather successful.|他的政治生涯很成功。

Overall, I am very pleased about this new turn in my career.|总的说来，我对自己事业中的转机很满意。

<10>trend n.[C] a change toward sth.new or different |趋势；倾向

Lately there has been a trend towards hiring younger employees.|近来的一种趋势是雇用年轻的员工。

A lot of the students don't think for themselves;they just follow the latest trends.|很多学生不用脑思考，他们只会跟随最新潮流。

<11>apply vt.use sth.such as a method, idea, etc.|使用，应用

New technology is being applied to almost every industrial field.|新技术被应用到几乎每个工业领域。

These ideas are often difficult to apply in practice.|这些思想在实践中往往难以应用。

vi.|request sth., esp.in writing |申请

She said she would apply to the department for a computer.|她说她会向系里申请要部电脑。How many jobs had you applied for before you were offered this one? |在得到这份工作之前，你申请了多少工作？

<12>individual a.single or particular |单个的；个别的

The education department decides on general teaching policies, but the exact details are left to the individual schools.|教育部门决定总的教育方针，但确切的细节留待各个学校自己处理。He has his own individual method of organizing his work.|他以自己独特的方式组织自己的工作。

n.[C] one single person or thing |个人；个体

Are the needs of society more important than the rights of the individual? |社会的需求比个人的权利更重要吗？

Effects of the drug vary from individual to individual.|这药的效果因人而异。

<13>teen n.[C](infml.)a teenager |少年，十几岁的孩子

Many teens continue to look to their parents for guidance in their studies.|许多十多岁的孩子学习时依然依赖父母给予帮助。

Seeing the police, the teens ran away.|一看到警察，这些少年就跑开了。

<14>relate vi.(to)be able to understand a situation or the way sb.feels or thinks |理解；适应；和睦相处

The magazine deals with scientific subjects that ordinary people can relate to.|该杂志讨论的科学话题一般人都能看懂。

Laurie finds it difficult to relate to children.|劳利感到很难与孩子沟通。

V.show or make a connection between two different things |把...联系起来

I don't understand how the two ideas relate.|我不明白这两个观点之间有什么联系。

The report relates heart disease to high levels of stress.|这篇报告认为心脏病与精神压力过大有关。

<15>entitle vt.1.give a title to a book, play, etc.|给（书、剧本等）题名；定名

Have you read the novel entitled Crime and Punishment? |你读过《罪与罚》这部小说吗？

The last song is entitled “Into the Woods”.|最后一首歌叫《走进森林》。

2.give sb.the right to have or do sth.|使有权做；给予...的资格

Only members of the company are entitled to use the facilities.|只有公司职员有权享用这些设施。

Being a member entitles you to discounts on tickets.|成为会员可以使你享受折扣票。

<16>attitude n.[C] a way of feeling or thinking about sb.or sth.|态度；心态 She shows a very positive attitude to her work.|她的工作态度很积极。

Officials took the attitude that the problem was not their responsibility.|官员的态度是，这问题不是他们的责任。

<17>contagious a.1.(of an action, thought, etc.)that is likely to cause a similar response in others |有感染力的

Her contagious smile impressed me most.| 她的微笑富有感染力，给我留下深刻印象。

Trust is contagious.You trust other people and they will trust you.|信任是有感染力的。你信任他人，他人就信任你。

2.(of a disease)that can be passed from one person to another |传染的

Measles is highly contagious.|麻疹的传染性很强。

Most eye infections are contagious.|多数眼睛感染是会传染的。

<18>confidence n.1.[U] the belief that one can do sth.well |信心，把握

The company is looking forward with confidence to the next five years.|那家公司对未来五年充满信心。

I developed much more confidence in my ability and I've pushed my grades up.|我对自己的能力信心更足，而且我的成绩也提高了。

2.[U] the belief that sb.or sth.is good and one can trust them |信任，信赖

We have complete confidence in your ability to do the job.|我们完全相信你有能力做这项工作。

What is most important is to maintain the customers' confidence in our product.|最重要的是要保持消费者对我们产品的信赖。

<19>self-confidence n.[U] confidence in oneself |自信

Passing the test helped her gain self-confidence.|她通过了考试，这帮助她获得了自信。

He's new on the job, but he has plenty of self-confidence.|他干这项工作是个新手，但是他非常自信。

<20>sound vi.(linking verb)seem |听起来；好像

This proposal sounds good to me, and I'm interested in seeing how it actually works.|这个建议听起来很好，而且我很想看如何实施它。

It sounds to me as if he needs professional help.|我觉得他好像需要职业帮助。

<21>interrogation n.[C, U] the process of asking sb.questions for information, sometimes using threats |审问，盘问

He said he had the right to silence during the police interrogations.|他说警察审问时他有权保持沉默。

The interrogation of terrorist suspects gave the police a lot of information.|通过审问恐怖分子嫌

疑犯警察获得了很多信息。

<22>adopt vt.1.decide to use sth.|采用；采取

She decided not to adopt her husband's name when she got married.|她决定婚后不从夫姓。These standards have been adopted by many cities;others have established their own standards.|很多城市采用了这些标准；其他城市建立了自己的标准。

2.take sb.else's child into one's family and legally become its parent |收养，领养

The couple adopted a baby boy.|那对夫妇领养了一个男婴。She was adopted when she was four.|他四岁时被人领养了。

<23>curiosity n.[U] the desire to know or learn |好奇心；求知欲 She asked the question out of curiosity.|她问这个问题是出于好奇心。

The news aroused a lot of curiosity among local people.|这条新闻引起了当地人的极大好奇心。

<24>view n.1.[C] an opinion or idea about sth.|观点，意见 In my view, she has done nothing wrong.|依我看，她没有做错。

I don't agree with the view that longer prison sentences stop people from committing crime.|我不同意判重刑会阻止人们犯罪这一观点。

2.[U] ability to see sth.;sight |视力；视线

The car turned the corner and was no longer in our view.| 那辆车拐过街角就从我们的视线中消失了。

Frank hit him in full view of all the guests.|弗兰克当着所有客人的面打了他。

<25>oppose vt.disagree with sth.such as a plan or idea and try to change or stop it |反对 Some people oppose the use of death penalty.|有的人反对使用死刑。

The local people opposed the building of an airport nearby.|当地居民反对在附近修建机场。

<26>rebellion n.[C, U] opposition to sb.in authority;refusal to obey |反抗；反对；对（权威等的）蔑视

As a result of the workers' rebellion, their working conditions have been improved.|工人们反抗的结果是，他们的工作条件得到了改善。

Teenage rebellion is something that many parents are concerned about.|青少年叛逆是很多父母关心的事情。

<27>chore n.[C] a regular piece of work or job, esp.in a house |家庭杂务；日常零星工作 Everyday chores like shopping and housework take much of her time.|购物、家务等日常杂务占去了她很多时间。

Husbands should do their share of the household chores.|丈夫也应该承担部分家务活。

<28>conflict

n.[C, U] a state of disagreement or argument between people or groups |冲突；争论

There is a conflict between what they are doing and what we need.|他们所做的事与我们的需要有冲突。

I came into conflict with one of my key managers.|我与我的一个重要经理发生了冲突。

vi.(of ideas, beliefs, etc.)cannot exist together or both be true |冲突；抵触

His statement and yours conflict.|他的话和你的话相互矛盾。

The company's desire to make large profits often conflicts with consumers' interests.|公司想赚大钱，这往往与顾客的利益冲突。

<29>credibility n.[U] the quality of deserving belief and trust |可信性；可靠性

The accident has damaged the credibility of the nuclear power industry.|这一事故损坏了核能工业的可信度。

There are questions about the credibility of these reports.|对于这些报道的可靠性，有人提出了质疑。

<30>ruin vt.|destroy or spoil completely |毁坏，毁掉 The war ruined the ancient city.|战争毁掉了那座古城。

A long strike would ruin the company.|长期罢工会毁掉这家公司。

<31>carton n.[C] a box made from stiff paper or plastic |硬纸盒；塑料盒 a carton of orange juice |一盒橙汁

I took a ballpoint pen and punched a hole in the carton.|我拿了一支圆珠笔，在盒子上戳了个洞。

<32>admit vt.accept or agree that sth.is true or sb.is right |接受；承认 He admitted his guilt.|他承认有罪。

You may not like her, but you have to admit that she's good at her job.|你可能不喜欢她，但你得承认她工作很出色。

<33>acceptance n.[U] the act of accepting or being accepted |接受；认可

The new theory is gaining acceptance among the experts.|这一新理论正被专家所接受。His calm acceptance of whatever comes his way surprised us.|无论发生什么，他都能冷静接受，这使我们很吃惊。

<34>Self-acceptance n.[U] the act of accepting oneself |自我接受

Self-acceptance may be even more difficult than getting other people to accept you.|自我接受也许比让别人接受你更难。

Self-acceptance is important to most youngsters.|自我接受对多数青少年来说很重要。

<35>tolerance n.[U] the ability to accept or allow sth.that one does not like or agree with |包容；宽容

We should have tolerance for those with different views.|我们应该包容不同意见的人。

My biggest weakness was my lack of tolerance for any error.|我最大的缺点是我不能容忍任何错误。

<36>perfection n.[U] the state of being perfect or without fault |完美 He aims at perfection in everything he does.|他做事样样追求完美。

The perfection of a person's looks is only skin deep.True beauty comes from the inside.|外貌的完美是肤浅之美。真正的美来自内心。

<37>imperfection n.[C, U] the state or quality of not being perfect |不完美

He admits that there are imperfections in the social system.|他承认社会制度有不完美的地方。The design of the test has some imperfections.|这一考试的设计有不完美的地方。

<38>approach v.move closer |接近，靠近

She heard footsteps approaching from behind.|她听到身后有脚步声向她靠近。As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs.|在我靠近房子时，我注意到楼上有盏灯亮着。

vt.begin to consider or deal with |处理

What is the best way to approach this problem? |着手处理这个难题的最好办法是什么？

It might be possible to approach the issue in a different way.|或许可以用另一种方式来处理这个问题。

n.1.[C] a method of doing sth.or dealing with a problem |方法；途径

Parents don't always know what approach to take with teenage children.|父母往往不知道怎样对待十多岁的孩子。

The company needs to adopt a different approach to this matter.|处理这个问题，公司需要一种不同的方法。

2.[U] the act of moving closer |接近，靠近

With the approach of winter, animals begin collecting food.|冬天来临，动物开始储藏食物。At their approach the boy ran away.|他们走近时，小男孩跑开了。

<39>hurtful a.painful to the feelings |伤感情的；刻薄的 His words were hurtful.|他的话很伤感情。

Don't say such hurtful things to your friend.|别对你的朋友说这样伤感情的话。

<40>argument n.1.[C] a disagreement, esp.one that is noisy |争论，争吵

She had an argument with her father about music.|她和她父亲为了音乐问题而争吵。She told the police that she and her husband had an argument before he left.|她告诉警察，在丈夫离开前，她和他吵了架。

2.[C] a reason given to support or oppose sth.|论据；论点

His argument was that if they bought a smaller car, they would save money.|他的理由是，如果买辆小的车，他们就可以省点钱。

Do you agree with the argument that violence on TV makes people behave violently? |电视里的暴力使人们行为充满暴力，你同意这种观点吗？

<41>humor n.[U](BrE humour)the quality of causing fun |幽默；诙谐

|It's an awful situation but at least you can see the humor in it.|处境虽然尴尬，但你至少可看到其中的幽默。

Do the best you can, hope for the best, and try to keep a sense of humor.|尽力干，往好的方面想，力求保持幽默感。

<42>possibility n.[C, U] sth.that might happen or be true |可能（发生）的事；可能性 There is a strong possibility that they will win the election.|他们很有可能在选举中获胜。

What's the possibility of the weather getting better before the weekend? |周末之前天气好转的可能性有多大？

<43>awaken v.wake up or make sb.wake up |醒来；唤醒

He awakened to see it was already 10 in the morning.|他醒来时，发现已是上午10点。We were awakened by a loud knock at the door.|敲门声音很大，把我们吵醒了。

<44>neglect vt.give little or no attention to |忽视，忽略

The garden has been neglected for a long time.|花园已很久没有人照管了。

Four security guards were accused of neglecting their duties.|四位保安人员被指控失职。

n.[U] failure to look after sth.or sb.properly |忽略，疏忽

The accident was caused by neglect of duty.|事故是由于玩忽职守引起的。

After years of neglect, the road was in poor condition.|由于几年无人维护，这条路的路况很糟糕。

Phrases and Expressions <45>as a result |because of sth.that has happened |结果是

There was a heavy snow and, as a result, she was late.|她由于下大雪而迟到了。

A terrible earthquake took place last week.As a result, 2,500 people were killed.|上周发生了可怕的地震，结果死了2,500人。

<46>in turn |1.as a result of sth.|因此，转而

One of the members told the story to his friend who, in turn, leaked it to a reporter.|一名成员将情况告诉了他的朋友，这个朋友转而将消息告诉了记者。

Stressful environment leads to unhealthy behavior, which in turn increase the risk of heart disease.2.one after the other, esp.in a particular order |依次；轮流

There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn.|女士们依次发言，听众对每个人报以欢呼。

We drove in turn so that each of us could rest a bit.|我们轮流开车，以便大家都能休息一会。

<47>tap into |understand sth.such as people's ideas, beliefs or attitudes |了解

The survey is aimed to tap into people's attitudes toward the new policy.|这项调查旨在了解人们对新政策的态度。

The program helps people tap into more job opportunities.|这个项目帮助人们了解更多的就业机会。

<48>get ahead |make progress or be successful |取得进步；成功

The best way to get ahead is through hard work.|成功的最佳途径是努力工作。

She soon found that it wasn't easy to get ahead in the movie business.|她很快发现很难在电影业发展。

<49>look to |depend on sb.to do sth.|依赖；指望

He always looked to his father for advice.|他经常依靠父亲给他提供意见。

They're looking to the new manager to make the company profitable.|他们正指望新经理能使公司赢利。

<50>feel like |feel as if |感觉好像；似乎

They felt like they were giving away company secrets.|他们觉得好像在泄露公司秘密。I stayed there two days, but it felt like a week.|我在那里呆了两天，但觉得好像呆了一周。

<51>the way |(used to introduce a clause)in the way that |以...方式，以...方法

He does not bother about small matters the way his elder brother does.|他不像他哥哥常为琐事而操心。

He tried to decorate his house the way we did.|他尽力像我们一样装修房子。

<52>sound like |seem |听起来；似乎

Becoming a doctor sounds like a good idea.|当医生似乎是个好主意。

Malta sounds like a great place for a holiday.|马耳他似乎是个度假的好地方。

<53>rather than |instead of |而不是

It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me.|让我生气的是他话中的意思，而不是他所说的话。

Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them.|发展核科学应该是为了造福人类而不是伤害人类。

<54>point of view |a particular way of seeing or judging a situation, person, event, etc.|观点，意见

He always put his point of view with courage.|他总是大胆地说出自己的观点。

From an economic point of view, the new development will benefit the town greatly.|从经济角度看，新的发展大大有利于这个城镇。

<55>as opposed to |used to compare two things and show they are different from each other |与...对照；而不是

This is a book about business practice as opposed to theory.|这本书讲的商业实务而不是理论。Students have discussions as opposed to just listening to the teacher.|学生们展开讨论，而不是单纯地听老师讲。

<56>get across |(cause to)become understood or accepted |（被）理解；（被）接受

It is hard to get some Chinese jokes across to foreigners because of cultural gap.|由于文化差异，一些中国笑话很难被外国人理解。

We must get across the simple fact that drugs are dangerous.|我们必须让人知道这个简单的事实：毒品是很危险的。

<57>be concerned about

|give one's attention to or worry about sb.or sth.|担心

If you are concerned about your baby's health you should consult a doctor immediately.|如果你

担心婴儿的健康，就立刻带他去看医生。

She is concerned about her son's performance at school.|她很担心儿子在学校的成绩。

<58>check in |1.(AmE)call a person to say where one is and what one is doing |打电话报平安

He called to check in and tell us how he was doing.|他打电话报平安，告诉我们他的情况。She checks in with her mother at least once a week.|她一个星期至少打一次电话给妈妈报平安。

2.report one's arrival, as at a hotel desk, airport, etc.|登记入住；办登机手续

We've checked in at a local hotel.|我们已在当地一家旅馆办理了入住手续。

Passengers should check in two hours before the time their plane leaves.|旅客要在起飞前两小时办理登机手续。

<59>put sth.Away |put sth.where one usually keeps it |把某物收好或放好 Put the books away on the bookshelf.|把书放回到书架上。He put his toys away every night.|他每晚都把玩具收拾好。

<60>lose one's cool

|lose one's calmness and self-control |失去冷静

His teacher lost his cool when the boy was late again.|男孩又迟到了，他的老师很生气。

I should not have lost my cool and behaved in that manner.|我真不该生气，做出那样的行为。

<61>awaken sb.to sth.|make sb.aware of sth.|使某人意识到某事

We must awaken people to the need to protect our environment.|我们必须使人们认识到保护环境的必要性。

The program awakens us to the danger of pollution.|这个节目让我们认识到污染的危害。

有代沟吗？

“代沟”这一术语出现于20世纪60年代。代沟的概念之一是指父母和孩子有不同的价值观和信仰。因此，很多父母害怕孩子赞成伙伴的观点，父母转而失去影响力。虽然这个术语还是常常被使用，有人却开始问这个问题：“今天的社会还有代沟吗？”

有一项研究比较了四代人：18-30岁的人，31-48岁的人，49-62岁的人，63岁和63岁以上的人，问了几个问题以了解人们对一些问题的基本信仰和价值观，如“努力工作是成功之道”，“美国是世界上最佳的生活地”。四代人给出的答案非常接近。

许多对年轻人的研究驳斥了代沟这一观念的存在。这些研究显示，较之父母对音乐、服装和何为“酷”的评价，年轻人更趋于赞同伙伴的见解，与此同时，在生活中更重要的方面，如职业生涯、终身目标等，他们还是继续依赖父母的基本价值观和指导。

当然，总趋势是不能时时用于个例的。觉得在我们和我们的十多岁孩子之间好像存在令人不快的“代沟”，需要弥合它，这是自然的。然而，问题也许不在于见解和价值观的不同，而在于我们相互理解和沟通的方式。下面的建议摘自于一篇题为“弥合代沟”的文章，也许对弥合代沟有所帮助。

尊重他人。尊重与信任是能感染人的。年轻人往往以父母看待他们的方式看待自己。反过来，当你表示你尊重他们有能力决策和从错误中学习时，他们会因此而获得自信和自尊。

多听少说。询问听起来可能像审问，不要这样。应该抱有好奇的态度而不是控制之心。问些这样的问题：“怎么会这样？你现在怎么看？当时吃惊吗？现在打算怎么做？你有什么计划？这事你是不是需要帮助？”如果你的目的只是听，在孩子说话时，你就需小心别在心里琢磨怎么回答。这样你会听得更好，而孩子也会受到鼓励说得更多。

先问孩子是否想听，然后才说你的观点。只有当孩子说“是”时才继续说下去，而且要简洁。不要说教，不要期待孩子同意你的观点。说话时，如果你的态度是“我是这样理解的”，而不是“这样看问题才对”，孩子就可能更愿意听，而不会有逆反心理。

用“我们”而不用“你”。“离开家之前我们要做家务，我们怎么料理必须做的事呢？” 不论你用什么方式，只要能将“这是我们共同的事”这一信息传达给孩子，就有助于弥合本可能由冲突带来的鸿沟。

保持冷静。交谈时生气或者太激动，你就可能轻易地毁了自己的可信度。不要说“你毁了你的一生！”而要说“我担心如果......会怎么样。在这种情况下，你想你可能怎么办？”

不要使用双重标准。青少年非常警惕双重标准。别指望他们遵守你自己都不遵守的规则。无论是打电话报平安，还是叫他们收拾东西，或用奶盒喝牛奶，“照我说的做”而不是“照我做的做”是不会改善关系的。

承认自己的错误，说说你从他们身上学到了什么。表现出自我接受和对不完美的容忍能很好地鼓励青少年（以及你身边的其他人），也往往能让他们更容易接近你，向你提出问题、表达遗憾甚至对你提出挑战。当你认为自己做错了事或说错了话，比如发了脾气或争论时说了令人伤心的话，就道歉。

有欣赏之心。青少年常有幽默感，充满活力，看什么事都觉得可能，这些能使父母意识到自己身上已被忘记或忽略的好的方面。当十多岁的孩子体验到被人爱时，他们通常表现得更可爱。Exercises

Section C Comprehensive Exercises

Unit 3 Preview When we are faced with a problem that we are unable to solve, a simple act of kindness from a stranger may provide a solution, lift our spirits, and even change our lives.Further, their actions may give us an example to follow in our own lives.Even when facing personal problems of our own, we need to choose to make other people‟s lives better with our courage, imagination, and generosity.We should live our daily lives with the goal of helping others, and provide support without thinking of our own gains.If we live our lives in this way, we will find the satisfaction and purpose that we seek.Section A Pre-reading Activity In this story, a man describes that he felt ashamed when walking down the street with his crippled father when he was younger.He did not like the way people stared at the two of them.His father, on the other hand, never showed that he noticed others‟ reactions to his disability.He was very active and often took part in activities with his son.Over time, the son learned that his father had a very good heart.His father has been gone for many years now and he regrets not telling him how much he admired him.He often remembers the example his father set 1.Because his father was crippled.2.2.He felt ashamed to be with his father when he was younger.Now he regrets not telling his father how much he admired him.Text: A Good Heart to Lean On

Language Point

Language Point 1 | More than I realized, Dad has helped me keep my balance.| Meaning: Dad supported me emotionally and mentally more than I knew.Language Point 2 | He was severely crippled and very short...(Para.1)| Cultural Notes: Whereas at one time it might have been acceptable to call a person a “cripple” if injuries or deformities kept him from walking properly, it is no longer so.Nowadays we use the terms “handicapped person” or “disabled person”/individual instead of “cripple”.Some especially sensitive people prefer the terms “handi-capable person” and “specially-abled person”.Language Point 3 | I would inwardly struggle at the unwanted attention.(Para.1)| Meaning: I tried to overcome my feelings of embarrassment caused by the people who watched us;I did not want them to watch us.Language Point 4 | If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let on.(Para.1)| Meaning: He never showed that he was aware of it or troubled.Note that the conjunction “if” is used here to mean “although”.| More examples:| If she's poor, at least she's honest.
她虽然穷，至少她是诚实的。
It was a nice meal, if a little expensive.
那是一顿美餐，虽然贵了点。

Language Point 5 | It was difficult to coordinate our steps—his halting, mine impatient...(Para.2)| Meaning: We had difficulty walking together at the same speed because he was slow and unsteady and I walked quickly, having no patience to wait for him...Language Point 6 | But as we started out, he always said, “You set the pace.I will try to adjust to you.”(Para.2)| Meaning: But when we began our walk, he always said, “You set the speed of our walk and I will try to change my speed to keep up.”

Language Point 7 | He went to work sick...(Para.3)| Meaning: He went to work even when he was ill...| Here the adjective “sick” indicates a clause “even when he was sick”.| More examples:| He went to bed hungry last night.
他昨晚是饿着肚子上床睡觉的。
The tomatoes should be picked green.
这些西红柿应该青的时候摘。

Language Point 8 |...despite nasty weather.(Para.3)| Meaning:...although the weather was very bad.Language Point 9 |...and would make it to the office even if others could not.(Para.3)| Meaning:...and he would arrive on time at the office even if others could not.Language Point 10 | It was a matter of pride.(Para.3)| Meaning: It(getting to the office on time)was something that my father was proud of.Language Point 11 | Once there, he would cling to the handrail...(Para.4)| Meaning: As soon as he got there, he would hold on to the handrail for support...| “Once” as a conjunction introduces an adverbial clause in which the subject and the verb “be” can often be omitted.| More examples:| Once(they are)in bed, the children usually go to sleep very quickly.
一上床，这些孩子通常很快就睡着了。
Once(it is)damaged, it takes many years for the environment to recover.
环境一旦遭到破坏，需要许多年才能恢复（正常）。

Language Point 12 |...the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept free of ice.(Para.4)| Meaning:...the lower steps that had no ice on them because of the warm air from the tunnel.Language Point 13 | When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage it must have taken...(Para.5)| Meaning: When I think of it now, I am surprised at how brave he must have been...Language Point 14 |...subject himself to such shame and stress.(Para.5)| Meaning:...make him experience such shame and stress.Language Point 15 | And at how he did it—without bitterness or complaint.(Para.5)| Meaning:(I am amazed)at how he subjected himself to shame and stress without pain or complaining.45

Language Point 16 | He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able.(Para.6)| Meaning: He never said that other people should feel sorry for him.And he didn't show any jealousy of those who were luckier or could do things he could not.| “Nor” is used after a negative statement in order to add something else that the negative statement applies to.Note the use of the past auxiliary “did” and the reversed order.| More examples:| I have never been dishonest, nor do I plan to start being so now.
我从来没撒过谎，现在我也不打算开始破这个例。
I have never been to Paris, nor has my wife.
我从未去过巴黎，我妻子也没去过。

Language Point 17 | What he looked for in others was a good heart...(Para.6)| Meaning: He tried to find qualities of, kindness, honest, etc.in other people...| Note that “good heart” is used to refer to the kind, honest, and generous nature of a person.|

Language Point 18 |...I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people...(Para.7)| Meaning:...I believe that it is suitable to judge whether a person is good or bad by whether he or she has a good heart or not...Language Point 19 | But I know at times I don't have one myself.(Para.7)| Meaning: But I know sometimes I don't have a “good heart”.Language Point 20 | Unable to engage in many activities...(Para.8)| Meaning: Although he was unable to take part in many activities...| Here “unable to...” is used to show concession.In English, adjectives or adjectival phrases are often used, especially at the beginning of a sentence, to show reason, concession, etc.| More examples:| Glad to accept, the boy nodded his agreement.
那男孩乐意接受，点头表示同意。
Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote.
主席急于作出决定，要求投票表决。
Rather nervous, the man opened the letter.
那个人很紧张，拆开了信。

Language Point 21 |...my father still tried to participate in some way.(Para.8)| Meaning:...my father still tried to take part in some activities in one way or another.Language Point 22 | When a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going.(Para.8)| Meaning: When a local baseball team had no manager, my father managed to make it run smoothly.| Pay attention to the structure of “find oneself + prep./V-ing/V-ed”.| More examples:| At dusk, they found themselves at a valley.
黄昏时，他们来到一个山谷。
I found myself agreeing with everything she says.
我发现她说什么我都同意。
They woke up to find themselves surrounded by water.
他们醒来时，发现被水包围了。|

Language Point 23 |...where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.(Para.8)| Meaning:...where he could enjoy himself by just sitting and watching.| In English, “have a good(hard, difficult, etc.)time” is usually followed directly by

-ing verb phrases without using any preposition.|

More examples:| I had a hard time finding you.
我费了好大劲才找到你。
She had a difficult time persuading him to accept the job.
她好不容易劝说他接受了那份工作。
In Spain she had a good time swimming and sunbathing on the beach.
在西班牙，她又游泳又在海滩上晒太阳，过得很愉快。

Language Point 24 | On one occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving.(Para.9)| Meaning: Once a fight suddenly started at a beach party and everyone at the party struck and pushed each other.Language Point 25 | He wasn't content to sit and watch...(Para.9)| Meaning: He wasn't satisfied just sitting and watching...Language Point 26 |...but he couldn't stand unaided on the soft sand.(Para.9)| Meaning:...but he couldn't stand on the soft sand without help.| The adjective “unaided” is used here to show the condition of being without help.|

Language Point 27 | But the next day people kidded him by saying...(Para.10)| Meaning: But the following day people made fun of him and said...Language Point 28 |...it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive before the fight began.(Para.10)| Meaning:...it was the first time any fighter was asked to admit defeat before the fight started.Language Point 29 | And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office.(Para.11)| Meaning: And when I came home from the Navy for a holiday, he made sure that I visited his office.Language Point 30 |...and I could have done this, too, if things had been different.(Para.11)| Meaning:...and I could have done the same thing too, if I had not been severely crippled like this.| Pay attention to the subjunctive mood used in the sentence.|

Language Point 31 | He has been gone many years now...(Para.12)| Meaning: He has been dead for many years now...| “Be gone” is a more pleasant, less direct way of saying “be dead”.This use of language is called euphemism(委婉语).| Another example:| His father passed away(= died)last year.
他父亲是去年过世的。

Language Point 32 | I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks.(Para.12)| Meaning: I don't know(even today)whether he realized that I was unwilling to be seen with him during our walks.Language Point 33 | If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was，47

how I regretted it.(Para.12)| Meaning: If he did realize that I was embarrassed, I regret not telling him that I was sorry, and that I didn't deserve to be his son, and that I regretted having behaved that way.Language Point 34 | I think of him when I complain about trifles...(Para.12)| Meaning: I think of him when I express feelings of unhappiness about unimportant things...|Language Point 35 |...I am envious of another's good fortune...(Para.12)| Meaning:...I wish I had another person's good luck...New Words

<1>lean vi.1.be against a wall or other surface |倚，靠

There is a ladder leaning against the wall.| 有一架梯子靠在墙上。

The old man leaning upon his stick at the gate is John's grandfather.| 那位在大门边倚着拐杖的老人是约翰的祖父。

2.bend in a certain direction |倾斜，倾向，偏向

Don't lean out of the window when the bus is moving.|公共汽车开出时，别把身子探出窗外。Just lean forward for a moment, please.|请向前靠一会儿。

<2>balance n.1.[U] mental or emotional calm |平静，镇静

She soon recovered her balance after she lost her temper.|她发脾气后不久就恢复了平静。His wife helped him keep his balance during difficult times.|他的妻子在他困难时候帮助他保持沉着心态。

2.[U] a state in which all weights and forces are evenly spread so as not to fall |平衡，均衡

Horse riders need a good sense of balance.|骑马的人需要有良好的平衡感。

It's difficult to keep one's balance on an icy street.|在结冰的街道上保持平衡是不容易的。

v.(cause to)be even and keep in balance |（使）平衡，（使）均衡

When you ride a bicycle you must learn to balance.|骑自行车必须学会保持平衡。

Balancing my cup of coffee in one hand, I managed to open the door.|我拿稳手中的咖啡杯，设法打开了门。

vt.|consider in relation to sth.else;compare |权衡，比较

You have to balance the positive points of living in a big city against the negative ones.|你必须权衡居住在大城市的利弊。

They balanced the profit and loss to see what had been gained.|他们比较盈亏情况，看看赚了多少。

<3>severe a.1.very bad or serious |恶劣的，严重的；剧烈的 She is suffering from a severe headache.|她头疼得厉害。

The dry season is becoming more and more severe.|旱灾日益严重。

2.strict or hard in thinking or treatment|严格的，严肃的，严厉的

Drug dealers face a severe punishment.|贩毒者会受到严厉的惩罚。

The president came under severe criticism for the new tax policy.|新的税收政策使总统受到严厉抨击。

<4> severely ad.in a strict way |严重地；严格地，严厉地

The house was severely damaged in the hurricane.|房屋在飓风中遭受严重损坏。My mother was suffering severely from a cold.|我母亲正患重感冒。

<5>cripple vt.make sb.unable to walk or move properly |使跛，使残废 He was crippled in an accident.|他在一次事故中变成了残废。He has been crippled with pain.|他感觉很疼，走路一瘸一拐。

n.[C] sb.who is physically disabled, esp.unable to walk |跛子，瘸子

Though he is a cripple, he supports his family by working hard.|虽然腿脚不便, 他还是努力干活养家。

She has gone from being a healthy young woman to being a cripple.|她从一个健康的年轻女子变成了残疾人。

<6>inward a.1.located within;inside, esp.in the mind or spirit |在内的，内部的（尤指头脑中、精神上）

inward doubts |内心的怀疑

He helped others to achieve inward peace.|他帮助别人以获得自己内心的平静。

2.going toward the inside |向内的

an inward curve |向内的弧线 an inward movement |向内移动

<7> inwardly ad.in mind or spirit |内心（或精神）方面

She was inwardly sad but she would not say anything about it.|她内心痛苦，却不会在言辞中表现出来。

She hates him inwardly.|她从心底恨他。

<8>bother vt.make sb.feel worried or upset |使苦恼

What bothers me most is my inability to keep up with others.|令我烦心的是我跟不上其他人。His rudeness bothers me.|我讨厌他的粗鲁。

vi.|make an effort to do sth.|尽力，费心

Few people ever bothered to talk to him.|很少有人费心和他讲话。

I never bother to iron my shirts, so they're often a bit wrinkled.|我从不愿意花精力去熨衬衣，所以它们常常有点皱。

<9>coordinate vt.cause different parts, body parts, etc.to work together very well |使协调 The plan was not very well coordinated.|那项计划协调得不好。

We must coordinate our efforts to help people who have been affected by the flood.|我们必须齐心协力去帮助遭受水灾的灾民。

<10>halt v.stop |暂停，中断，中止

The project halted for lack of fund.|那个项目因缺乏资金而停了下来。No one can halt the advance of history.|谁也阻挡不了历史的前进。

n.|[sing.] a stop or pause |暂停，中断，中止

The car came to a halt in time to prevent an accident.|汽车及时刹住，避免了一场事故。Production was brought to a halt by a strike.|由于罢工，生产停顿了。

<11>impatient a.1.easily annoyed;not patient |不耐烦的，没有耐心的

Don't be so impatient!The bus will be here soon.|别这样不耐烦！公共汽车很快就来。You're too impatient with her.She's only a child.|你对她太没耐心了，她还只是个孩子。

2.very eager to do sth.or for sth.to happen;anxious |急切的，渴望的

They were already impatient to try.|他们已经迫不及待，跃跃欲试了。

Many business students are impatient to become managers.|许多商科学生急切地想成为经理。

<12>pace n.1.[sing.] speed of walking or running |步速；走（跑）的速度

They quickened their pace as they approached their cars.|他们接近汽车时加快了步伐。She slowed down her pace so I could keep up with her.|她放慢了速度，以便我能跟上她。

2.[sing.] the speed at which sth.happens |速度，速率；节奏

The pace of change in the computer industry is very fast.|计算机工业发展变化速度很快。I like the pace of life in the city.| 我喜欢这个城市的生活节奏。

vi.walk with slow, regular, even steps |踱步，慢步走

The policeman paced up and down the street.|警察在街上踱来踱去。

Sarah paced back and forth in the hallway, waiting for the doctor to come back.|莎拉沿着走廊走来走去，等医生回来。

<13>adjust v.(to)become or make suited(to new conditions)|（使）适应

The former soldiers had difficulty in adjusting to ordinary life.|退役军人难以适应普通人的生活。

The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature.|人体能很快自行调节以适应气温变化。

<14>subway n.1.[C](AmE)a railway under the ground in a city |地铁 He travels to work by subway every day.|他每天乘地铁上班。I don't ride the subway late at night.|夜间太晚时我不乘地铁。

2.[C](BrE)a path for walking under a road or railway|地下通道，人行隧道

The subway to the other side of the road was under repair.|过街地下通道正在维修。

|People are advised to walk through a subway to cross a street.|人们过马路时应走地下通道。

<15>despite prep.in spite of |尽管，不管

They had a wonderful holiday despite the bad weather.|尽管天气不好, 他们的假日仍然过得很愉快。

Despite the fact that she wants to see him, she turned down his invitation.|尽管想看到他，她还是拒绝了他的邀请。

<16>nasty a.1.unpleasant;horrible;disgusting |令人不快的，令人厌恶的 She could never forget that nasty sight.|她永远也忘不了那令人作呕的情景。I'm so glad you didn't get that nasty flu.|你没染上那讨厌的感冒，我很高兴。

2.unkind|不友善的，恶意的

第五篇：新视野大学英语 book 1 unit 3 text A 译文

新视野

book 1 unit 3 text A 译文

课文

互联网时代的大学生活 大学校园长久以来都是学术之地，也是新技术的前沿。现在随着手提电脑和智能手机的大量出现，加上每天24小时不间断的网络连接，大学校园正在转而

进入电子设备的新时代。在典型的现代校园里，每幢建筑和大部分室外公共区域都提供无线互联网接入，学生可以把手提电脑带到任何地方。课堂上，她用手提电脑记笔记，有时如果教授的课一点都没意思，她就会给朋友发送即时信息或电子邮件。在寝室，她甚至会给近在咫尺的室友发送即时信息。她离不开智能手机，甚至对住在楼上的朋友也要发短信；在从上一堂课去下一堂课的路上她也要用智能手机听音乐。欢迎来体验21世纪的大学生活：通过源源不断的信息流，学生之间、师生之间以及学生和课堂作业之间建立了电子化的联系。在许多学校，无线互联网连接覆盖了校园的各个角落，大学整体上也因此成为世界上互联网最普及的地方。4 学生们说他们非常看重动动手指就可获得无限的网上信息，还可以在凌晨两点给教授发电子邮件，并能在第二天早上收到教授的回复。一位工程专业的学生说：“我觉得无论在课内还是在课外，我都有一种交流手段。”

很多学生不仅使用智能手机自创语体发短信而且也用智能手机来做更正经的工作，比如练习外语、分析戏剧课的脚本等。在一所大学的有关美国广播电台历史的课上，学生们用智能手机录下他们自己的广播节目。教授这门课的教师说：“这提高了学生学习这门课的兴奋感。”学校也鼓励教授录下授课内容并发布 到网上。一位一流大学的主管说：“我们意识到，像这样一种能够引起学生关注，并促使他们深入思考的工具也许大有潜力。” 对于大多数本科生来说，永不间断的互联网是大学生活的动力。网络工具不只是玩具，而且是储存和管理几乎各种信息的强大工具。随着世界上越来越多的人使用这些工具，它们已经变得不可或缺。所以，学生应该运用互联网所创造的奇迹来完成作业、复习讲座提纲、参与课堂讨论、与朋友们进行网上社交。但是，在做这些的同时，学生们必须记住，要控制和平衡好时间。上网时间过长就意味着在现实生活中学习、锻炼或和朋友叙谈的时间过少。学生们不应该让电脑屏幕上的互联网世界使他们脱离外面的现实世界。大学在20世纪90年代中期迎来互联网，那时许多大学开始给学生寝室接入高速网络。在过去的几年中，学校率先把校园变成了被无线网络覆盖的世界。事实上，美国最近的一项研究发现，信息技术的投入占高校预算的5%-8%，比20世纪80年代中期约2%-3% 的投入有所增加。新视野

book 1 unit 3 text A 译文有一所大学里，学生用无线网络发送即时信息、复习家庭作业以及查看银行账户余额。而就在沿公路往前九英里处，另一所大学一直有种技术不如别人的自卑感。为了弥补这一点，该大学花了数万美元给每一名入学新生免费赠送了一台苹果ipad。有些大学至要求所有学生拥有或租用一台手提电脑。有人说注重技术可以使学生作好准备面对被网络连接的世界。一位大学校长指出：“你必须与世界保持同步，学生们期望通过高带宽获取信息。如果你不能提供，你就会在竞争中处于劣势。” 其他大学正努力从同行当中脱颖而出。大学之间用最现代的网络和最热门的系统来吸引学生的竞争已经达到狂热的地步。一些商科专业的学生可以领到免费的便携式电脑。在永久在线模式下，他们可以根据需要随时随地获取信息。一所大学甚至为新生配备了智能手机，以丰富其大学经历，为他们在一个日新月异的世界上取得成功作好准备。大学还为那些不喜欢随身携带手提电脑的学生提供了若干个机房。而且，许多大学为那些熬夜学习的学生开设了24小时电脑维修店，电脑第二天就可以修好，而且在电脑送修期间，学生可以使用维修点提供的代用电脑。在过去10年里，世界各地的大学都在更换其计算机系统，主要是为了给学生提供最先进的免费系统。随时随地的网络连接使教育深受裨益。随着计算机技术的广泛应用，我们将培养出善于解决问题和善于思考的一代人，这对于世界的未来是至关重要的。