翻译练习15题

第一篇：翻译练习15题

如何征服大学英语四六级段落翻译？

自2013年12月四六级考试改革以来，翻译部分由原来的句子填空翻译变为段落翻译，难度略微提升，更全面的考查考生的英语综合能力。翻译分值占到15%，时间为30分钟，主要考查的内容为中国文化、历史、经济与社会发展，长度约为150字，13-15分评分标准为译文准确表达原文意思，用词贴切，行文流畅，无基本语法错误。由此我们可以看出，段落翻译重点考查的考生的阅读理解能力，词汇量，语法基础等。

如何做好段落翻译呢?我们应该遵循“四步走”的原则。

第一步，下笔之前，整体快速浏览段落，了解段落大概内容，标出不会翻译的词组或句子。

第二步，开始从头翻译，分清句子结构，根据语境判断调整词汇的意思与选用，搞清句与句之间的逻辑关系，看完后再进行翻译整合，理顺整段的内容和内在联系。

第三步，在基本掌控全局的条件下，下笔翻译，尽量减少涂抹现象，注意单词的拼写与词汇搭配。

第四步，检查复习，重点查看词汇拼写，基本的语法应用和句子的逻辑链接。

以2013年12月真题为例：【原文】 中国结(the Chinese knot)最初是由手工艺人发明的。经过数百年不断的改造，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺(handcraft)代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。

【步骤解析】第一步，我们会发现，这段主要内容是属于中国文化，其中较生僻的中国结和手工艺已给出译文，其他的词汇难易程度，依考生的水平而定。其中“改造、优雅多彩、装饰、祈求好运和辟邪”有一定难度。第二步，确定基本句型和时态，其中“经过数百年不断的改造，在中文里意味着，代代相传”等需要斟酌一下，注意主谓一致，单复数等细节。第三第四步，写完仔细检查。

下面附上翻译范文，供大家学习。【参考译文】

The Chinese knot is originally invented by the handicraftsman.After several hundred years’ innovation, it has evolved into an elegant and colorful art and craft.In ancient times, it was used for recording events, while now it is mainly a decorative handicraft art.In Chinese, “Knot” means love, marriage and reunion.The Chinese knot is often used as a gift to express good wishes or a talisman to ward off evil spirits.The handcraft has passed on for generations and become more and more popular in China and the world

2015年6月大学英语六级翻译常见的两大考点

改革后的翻译可以说是一直考试的重难点，也是让考生最头疼的内容，它除了需要我们有一定的词汇积累，也需要我们不间断的练习，为了方便考生复习，本文为大家整理了英语六级翻译常见考点内容，希望对大家有所帮助。

(1)倒装句

Not only „„..but also„„

So(Such)„that„„..Not until„„„.Neither„..nor„„..Hardly „..when„„..No sooner „„than„„.Only by /through /in „., „„„„..(2)常用词组：尤其是动介词组，如adapt to „., have trouble doing „„，be likely to do„., attribute „to..等类似样式。

2015年6月英语六级翻译练习15题

[练习1] 春节

中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节（the Lantern Festival），即从农历（lunar calendar）最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联（couplets），对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。

Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese festival.In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival.Chinese New Year celebrations run from New Year's Eve to the Lantern Festival, that is, from the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar to the 15th day of the first month.Although regional customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely, usually, every Chinese family gathers for the annual reunion dinner on New Year’s Eve.All the families will thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away any ill-fortune and to make way for good incoming luck.Doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good fortune.Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes and visiting relatives and friends.[练习2] 端午节

端午节(Duanwu Festival)，又叫做龙舟节，是起源于中国的一个传统节日。它是在中国农历第五个月的第五天。2008年，端午节在中国大陆自20世纪40年代以来首次被认定为公共假日。这个节日最为出名的是它的龙舟比赛，尤其是在江河湖泊众多的南方各省。龙舟赛是为了纪念（commemorate）中国古代诗人——屈原——的离世，据说他投江自尽。其它的庆祝活动还有吃粽子（zongzi）和喝雄黄(realgar)酒。

Duanwu Festival, also known as Dragon Boat Festival, is a traditional holiday originating in China.It occurs on the 5th day of the 5th month of the Chinese lunar calendar.In 2008, Duanwu Festival was recognized as a public holiday in mainland China for the first time since the 1940s.The festival is best known for its dragon-boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes, which commemorates the death of Qu Yuan , an ancient Chinese poet who is said to have committed suicide by drowning himself in a river.Other celebrations include eating rice dumplings(zongzi)and drinking realgar wine(雄黃酒).[练习3] 元宵节

中国的元宵节（the Lantern Festival）是人们在中国农历第一个月的第十五天庆祝的节日，标志着这是农历新年庆祝的最后一天。在元宵节这天，小孩子在夜晚提着纸灯出门来到寺庙，并猜灯谜（riddles）。产生于800年前的汤圆（Tang Yuan）是元宵节的传统食物。中国人认为这种球体的形状以及盛用（serve）它们的碗都象征着家庭团圆，并且吃汤圆能给家人在新的一年带来幸福和好运。

The Lantern Festival in China is a festival celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first month in Chinese lunar calendar, marking the last day of the lunar New Year celebration.During the Lantern Festival, children go out at night to temples carrying paper lanterns and solve riddles on the lanterns.Tang Yuan, which was first made 800 years ago, is a traditional food on the Lantern Festival.The Chinese people believe the round shape of the balls, and the bowls in which they are served symbolize family togetherness, and that eating tang Yuan may bring the family happiness and good luck in the new year.[练习4] 中国茶文化

茶在中国社会，无论休闲或正式的场合，都经常被饮用（consume）。过去，下级为上级献茶。现在，年轻一代通常通过献上一杯茶来表达他们对年长一代的尊敬。当儿女因为工作或结婚而离开家后，去餐厅饮茶就成了家庭聚会的一项重要活动。人们在致歉和表达感谢时也为他人沏一杯茶。茶，除了作为一种饮品，也用于传统中药和中式菜肴。

In Chinese society, tea is consumed regularly in both casual and formal occasions.In the past, people of lower rank served tea to higher-ranking people.Now, the younger generation always shows their respect to the older generation by offering a cup of tea.When sons and daughters leave home because of work or getting married, going to restaurants and drinking tea becomes an important activity for family gatherings.People also make apologies and express thanks to others by pouring tea for them.Apart from being a drink, tea is also used in traditional Chinese medicine and in Chinese cuisine.[练习5] 婚礼敬茶

在中国传统的婚礼仪式上，新郎（groom）和新娘(bride)都要跪在他们父母的面前，为他们献茶。那是表达他们感谢的最虔诚的方式。按惯例，结婚夫妻要在他们父母面前说：“谢谢你们把我们抚养长大。”父母通常喝一小口茶，然后给他们发象征着好运的红包。另外一种习俗是新娘为新郎的父母献茶，象征着她即将成为后者家庭的一部分。

In the traditional Chinese marriage ceremony, both the bride and groom kneel in front of their parents and serve them tea.That is the most devout way to express their gratitude.In front of their parents, it is a practice for the married couple to say, “Thank you for bringing us up.” The parents will usually drink a small portion of the tea and then give them money in a red envelope, which symbolizes good luck.Another custom is that the bride serve tea to the groom's parents, symbolizing that she is to become a part of the latter's family.[练习6] 中国龙

龙是中国神话(mythology)里的一种生物，其来源不明确。据说中国的龙是由9种不同的动物组成的，它有9个儿子。龙是中国等级最高的动物，象征着权力、力量和好运。历史上，龙是中国帝王的象征, 并出现在了在秦朝(Qin Dynasty)的国旗上。中国人称自己是“龙的传人（descendants）”。在日常汉语中，优秀杰出的人被比作龙，而无能无为的人被比作虫。就像一句中国成语（idiom）所说：“望子成龙”。如今，龙的形象大多用于装饰的目的。

The Chinese dragon is a creature in Chinese mythology.Its origins are vague.The Chinese dragon is said to be composed of nine different animals with nine sons.The dragon is the highest-ranking animal in China, which symbolizes power, strength, and good luck.Historically, the dragon was the symbol of the Emperor of China, and it appeared on national flags in the Qin Dynasty.Chinese people call themselves ”Descendants of the Dragon“.In Chinese daily language, excellent and outstanding people are compared to the dragon while incapable people with no achievements are compared to the worm.As a Chinese idiom goes: “Hoping one's son will become a dragon”.Today, the dragon is mostly used for decorative purposes.[练习7] 上海

上海座落在长江（the Yangtze River）入海口，中国东部海岸的中部, 截至2010年，其总人口超过了两千三百万。作为中国最大和最繁荣的城市，它是这个国家的金融、贸易、文化和教育中心，而北京是政治中心。上海在过去20年里是世界发展最迅速地城市之一。在过去一个世纪中，上海被贴上了无数的名字标签(name tag), 比如“东方巴黎”和“中国明珠”。上海是一个很受世界游客欢迎的旅游目的地，让它特别具有吸引力的是这座城市中许多不同风格和设计的建筑。

Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of China’s eastern coast with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010.As the largest and most prosperous city in China, Shanghai is the financial, commercial, cultural and educational center of the nation, while Beijing is the political heart.Shanghai has been one of the fastest developing cities in the world in the last two decades.Throughout the past century, Shanghai has had numerous name tags attached to it, like ”Paris of the Orient“ and ”Pearl of China".Shanghai is a popular tourist destination with international tourists.What makes it particularly attractive are the architectures of many different styles and designs throughout the city [练习8] 风筝

中国是风筝的诞生地，潍坊是中国风筝发祥的主要地方之一。放风筝在宋代（Song Dynasty）的潍坊变得流行。那时风筝不仅在整个山东销售，还售到江苏、福建和其他地方。古代中国人用风筝来测量距离，测试风，发送信号，并用于军事行动的通讯。人们所知的最早的中国风筝是单调（flat）的，后来，人们用神话（mythological）人物来装饰风筝;有的风筝上安装着弦（strings）和口哨（whistle），使得在飞行时发出音乐声。一位著名的英国学者把风筝列为中国传入欧洲的重要科技贡献之一。

China is the birthplace of the kite and Weifang is one of the chief places where Chinese kites originated.Kite-flying became prevalent in Weifang in the Song Dynasty when Kites were sold not only across Shandong, but also to Jiangsu, Fujian, and other places.Ancient Chinese used kites for measuring distances, testing the wind, signaling, and communication for military operations.The earliest known Chinese kites 7

were flat.Later, Kites were decorated with mythological figures;some were fitted with strings and whistles to make musical sounds while flying.A noted English scholar listed kites as one of the important contributions in science and technology that Chinese introduced to Europe.练习9：中秋节

中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。

【参考译文】 Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America.The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty.The lunar August 15 is a day for people worshiping the moon.On this day, under the dazzling bright moon, families reunite and enjoy the moon’s beauty.In 2006, Mid-Autumn festival was listed as one of China's cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was classified as a public holiday.Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the festival, were gifts people sent to families and friends during the festival and usually eaten on family gatherings.There are characters of “longevity”,“good fortune”and “harmony” on the Traditional moon cakes.练习10：中国园林中国园林是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷一般展现在面前。【参考译文】After 3,000 years of evolvement, Chinese gardens have become a unique landscape.This includes both large gardens built as entertainment venues for royal family, and private gardens built as secluded retreats for scholars, merchants and retired government officials.These gardens have constituted a miniature that is designed in praise of the harmony between man and nature.A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls and consists of various buildings linked by winding trails and corridors, with ponds, rockeries, trees, and flowers scattered in it.Wandering in such a well-designed garden, people may feel that they are walking in a landscape painting.9

练习11：饺子(jiaozi)，是一种以面为皮(dough skin)的充馅食物，在中国北方是比较传统的食物之一。中国北方人过春节，饺子是必不可少的。饺子相传是由中国古代著名的中医张仲景首先发明的，深受汉族人民的喜爱。饺子的历史很悠久，其发展经历了渐进的过程。由于春节标志着农历新年的开始，人们选择吃“饺子”来表达他们对新年的美好祝愿和对美好生活的向往。尽管时代变了，但是这一传统却保留了下来。饺子在中国人的饮食文化中占有重要的地位。

 饺子(jiaozi)，是一种以面为皮(dough skin)的充馅食物，在中国北方是比较传统的食物之一。中国北方人过春节，饺子是必不可少的。



Jiaozi(also called dumplings)is a kind of food with(meat and/or vegetable)fillings and dough skin.It is quite a traditional food in northern China, where jiaozi is absolutely necessary① during the Spring Festival. 饺子相传是由中国古代著名的中医张仲景首先发明的，深受汉族人民的喜爱。

 It is very popular among Chinese Hart people② and it is said that③ jiaozi was first invented by Zhang Zhongjing, a famous practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine in ancient China. 饺子的历史很悠久，其发展经历了渐进的过程。

 Jiaozi has a very long history and its development has undergone a gradual process. 由于春节标志着农历新年的开始，人们选择吃“饺子”来表达他们对新年的美好祝愿和对美好生活的向往。

 As the Spring Festival marks the start of a Lunar New Year, people choose to eat jiaozi to express their best wishes for the new year and yearn for a better life. 尽管时代变了，但是这一传统却保留了下来。饺子在中国人的饮食文化中占有重要的地位。

 Although time has changed, the tradition has remained④.Jiaozi plays an important role⑤ in Chinese food culture.练习12：京剧(Peking Opera)已有200多年的历史，是中国的国剧。与其他地方戏相比，京剧享有更高的声誉，但其实京剧融合了多种地方戏的元素。京剧演员的脸谱(facial make-up)和戏服都很精美，相比之下布景则显得十分简单。表演者主要应用四种技能：唱(song)、念(speech)、做(dance)、打(combat)。京剧比较擅长于表现政治、军事斗争等历史题材。在古代，京剧大多是在户外演出的，因此演员们形成了一种极具穿透力的唱腔，以便每个人都能听到。

京剧(Peking Opera)已有200多年的历史，是中国的国剧。



Peking Opera, as the national opera of China, has a history of more than 200 years. 与其他地方戏相比，京剧享有更高的声誉，但其实京剧融合了多种地方戏的元素。

 Compared with other Chinese local operas, Peking Opera enjoys a higher reputation①;but actually it absorbed many elements of other local operas. 京剧演员的脸谱(facial make-up)和戏服都很精美，相比之下布景则显得十分简单。

 The facial make-up and costumes② of the performers are usually very delicate;by contrast③, the backdrops④ are quite plain. 表演者主要应用四种技能：唱(song)、念(speech)、做(dance)、打(combat)。

 During performance, the performers mainly utilize four skills: song, speech, dance and combat. 京剧比较擅长于表现政治、军事斗争等历史题材。

 Peking Opera is relatively better at exhibiting historical themes like political and military struggles. 在古代，京剧大多是在户外演出的，因此演员们形成了一种极具穿透力的唱腔，以便每个人都能听到。

 In ancient times, Peking Opera was mostly performed in the open air⑤, so the performers developed a piercing style of song⑥ that could be heard by everyone.练习13:中国书法

书法(calligraphy)是中国文化的精髓。书法在中国随处可见，与日常生活紧密相连。书法作品能装点客厅、书房和卧室。它是将汉字写在吸水性良好的宣纸(Xuan paper)上，然后将作品贴在一块镶有丝绸边的厚纸上，安上卷轴(scroll)或用画框装裱起来挂在墙上。书法作品通常是一首诗、一副对联或主人很喜欢的座右铭。主人亲自书写的作品将体现他的愿望、兴趣以及文学或艺术才华。一幅书法作品可以给白色的墙壁增添活力，为宾客友人带来快乐。

译文：

Calligraphy is the essence of Chinese culture.It can be found everywhere in China, and is closely linked to daily life.Calligraphic works decorate sitting rooms, studies and bedrooms.The Chinese characters are written on Xuan paper which is good at absorbing ink.The work will be pasted on a piece of thick paper with a silk edge, and then mounted on a scroll or put into a picture frame for hanging on the wall.Usually, a calligraphic work contains a poem, a pair of couplets or a motto the owner likes very much.If the calligraphic work is written by the owner himself, it will demonstrate his wish and interest as well as his literary or artistic talent.A calligraphic work can bring vitality to the white wall,pleasure to guests and friends.翻译词汇：

1...的精髓:可译为the essence of。essence在这里意为“精髓，精华，另外它还有“本质”的意思。

2.随处可见:文中译为can be found everywhere，还可以用can be seen everywhere表达。

3.吸水性良好的:可理解为“善于吸水的”，即is good at absorbing ink。

4.安上卷轴:可译为mounted on a scroll。其中mount意为“安装”。

5.装裱起来:可理解为“放进画框”，译为put into a picture frame。

6.一副对联:可译为a pair of couplets。其中couplet意为“对联;对句”。

7.艺术才华:可译为 artistic talent。

8.增添活力:可译为bring vitality to，即“为...带来活力”。

练习14： 赡养父母

在大家庭里，老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈人得到全家的呵护。中国宪法规定赡养父母是成年子女义不容辞的责任。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人提供生活费并帮助他们干家务活儿。在农村，尽管大家庭解体了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还和父母住在同一个院子里。对他们来说，分家不过是分灶而已。结了婚的儿子往往把房子盖在父母家附近，这样父母和子女互相帮助、探望都和过去一样方便。

译文：In extended families, the older members’ opinions are respected, and the youngest members are loved and taken good care of by all.China’s Constitution stipulates that grown-up children are duty-bound to support their parents.In the cities, couples who do not live with their aged parents offer them living allowances and help them with the chores.In the countryside, though quite a number of extended families have dissolved, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents.To them, breaking up the extended family means only cooking their meals separately.Most often they have their houses built near their parents’ home, making it convenient for parents and children to help and visit each other as before.翻译词汇：

大家庭 extended family 宪法 Constitution 规定 stipulate 义不容辞的责任 duty-bound 生活费 living allowance 家务活 chore 解体 dissolve 分家 breaking up the extended family

分灶 cook their meals separately

练习15：中国幸运数字

中国幸运数字(lucky numbers)的概念与其他文化相似。对广东人来说，区别好数字与坏数字的关键是根据发音。例如，2是幸运的，因为它和“容易”的发音相似。3与生活有关。4在汉语里听起来像“死”。6代表好运。8与“繁荣”有关，所有场合都适用。9与“永恒(eternity)”相联系。起初只有皇家(the imperial family)才能用9。例如，故宫就设计有9999个房间。

译文：

The Chinese concept of lucky numbers is similar to that of other cultures.The key to distinguish good or bad numbers for Cantonese is based on sound,For example, the number two is fortunate, because it is similar to the sound of “easy”.Three is associated with living.The number four sounds like “death”in Chinese.Six represents good luck.Eight is associated with “prosperity” and is desirable for all occasions.Nine is associated with“eternity”.Originally it could only be used by the imperial family.For example,the Forbidden City was designed with 9,999 rooms.2015年6月英语六级阅读高频短语汇总

be about to do 刚要，即将

come true 实现

be friends with 与。.友好 bear in mind 记住

bring into effect 实行;使生效

bring into operation 实施;使生效

cannot help 禁不住，忍不住

carry into effect 施行;使生效

cast light on/upon 阐明，使了解 catch fire 着火，烧着

catch one’s breath 喘气，松口气;屏息

catch one’s eye 引人注目 catch sight of 看到，发现 come into effect 生效;实施

come into operation 施行，实行，生效 come to one’s senses 醒悟;苏醒

could not help 禁不住，忍不住 cut short 中断，打断 do one’s best 尽力，努力enjoy oneself 过得快活 fall in love with 爱 上 find fault(with)找岔

gain an advantage over 胜过，优于

get hold of 得到，获得 get rid of 丢弃，摆脱 get the best of 战胜

get the better of 战胜，占上风

第二篇：2011.09.26翻译练习题

翻译练习题：(注意增词法和减词法的应用)

1.Whether one is in a job looking to advance on the career ladder or unemployed looking for

work, the only way to succeed is to market himself or herself.2.Curriculum Vitae or Resume’ Business Cards, and References or Letters of Recommendation

form previous employers must all be in impeccable condition before one takes any concrete action to engage oneself into another working environment.3.Employers’ first point of contact with the applicant will be what they see on paper, so it must

look proficient to create a good impression.4.Happiness is the ultimate principle whoever one is, a prince or a pauper.And undeniably

smile and friendly approach will make one look upbeat and interesting, which will greatly enhance one’s chances of winning the interviewer’s favor and consequently market oneself successfully.5.Consider a variety of questions that one may be asked at interview then consider answers to

the questions.Get a friend to pretend as the interviewer and then rehearse how to tackle them.This will let one brush up on interviewing skills, and make one appear more confident on the day.6.Even if the job applied for does not require professional attire, one should still wear a business

suit, unless told otherwise.If in doubt, the safest option is to dress conservatively.Having the right look will not only help one present the right image, it will increase one’s self-confidence, enabling one to concentrate all their energies into what they have to say, rather than worrying about how people respond to their looks.7.The interviewee’s role in the interview process is to convince the employer that he or she is

the right person for the job.Thus, any clothes, which will distract the employer’s attention from delivering that message, should be avoided.8.An individual’s personality plays an important part in how they perform in their job.Potential

employers can gain an insight into a person’s overall character, especially when these tests are used alongside other tests and methods of assessment.Candidates are usually presented with a series of multiple-choice questions to which there are no right or wrong answers—the employer obtains the information required by analyzing the candidates’ answers.Please translate the following passages

(1)Interpretation and interpreter

Although the terms interpretation and translation are often used interchangeably, by strict definition, interpretation refers to the spoken language, and translation to the written language.A competent translator should be very acquainted with the following points: a detailed knowledge of the subject matter is equally as important as academic knowledge of the language pairs, in certain cases(technical manuals for example)it plays a greater role.An ability to write well is also important.Proofreading and editing is a good way to break into the industry and the skills gained will help you later on.Although a degree may not be absolutely necessary, a qualification in translation is important.Practice the language!Take a language course or work towards a degree or whatever you feel is appropriate.Read newspapers in that language and keep abreast of the culture, listen to music and news from that country if able to.Travel to the country as often as you are able to.No course of study will ever be 100% perfect.Only you can judge whether it is the right one to meet your needs.Those basic qualifications will help one get started but after that it is one’s experience on the job and performance as a translator that counts.There are more opportunities for free-lance translators than in-house.Attend local translation events and seminars.It will not only help one learn more about different subjects, it will also help one make contacts in the translation and interpreting field.Interpretation is generally categorized into consecutive interpretation(交替式翻译，交传)and simultaneous interpretation（同声传译，同传）.The former refers to the circumstance where the interpreter waits until a complete statement has been spoken and then begins interpreting(so only one person is speaking at a time).It is used primarily to interpret witness testimony, a situation in which everyone in the courtroom needs to hear the interpretation.Simultaneous interpretation is generally considered inappropriate for witness testimony—unless the courtroom is equipped with wireless equipment for that purpose—because hearing two voices at once is too distracting.A court interpreter is anyone who interprets in a civil or criminal court proceeding(e.g., arraignment, motion, pretrial conference, preliminary hearing, deposition, trial)for a witness or defendant who speaks or understands little or no English.Court interpreters must accurately interpret for individuals with a high level of education and an expansive vocabulary, as well as person with very limited language skills without changing the language register of the speaker.For the other languages, the following self-study techniques are suggested:(1)expand your vocabulary,(2)develop your own glossaries, and(3)develop interpreting techniques, namely, consecutive interpretation, simultaneous interpretation, and sight translation.In addition to total fluency in both English and the foreign language, a court interpreter should have excellent public speaking and interpersonal skills.Sometimes the testimony to be interpreted

is shocking or traumatic, and the interpreter must be able to deal with such matters without becoming emotionally involved.The interpreter must also be able to refrain from expressing personal opinions or acting as an advocate for one side or the other in a court case, and must be able to work unobtrusively.The interpreter must be able to work well under pressure and react quickly to solve complex linguistic and ethical problems as they arise.On the other hand, when a problem cannot be solved by the interpreter alone, the interpreter must demonstrate the good judgment required to inform the court of that fact and take whatever steps are necessary to resolve the situation.And finally, good court interpreters constantly strive to improve their skills by reading from a wide variety of sources, attending conferences, researching new terms and concepts, and honing their interpreting techniques.There is a great demand for certified court interpreters in areas with large immigrant populations.Most court interpreters work as freelance or per-diem interpreters, meaning that they are hired by the day or the half day, rather than being permanent employees of the trial courts.Some trial courts, however, have permanent positions for court interpreters.A freelance interpreter must be willing to travel from one trial court to another, perhaps even from one county trial court system to another, to be assured of full-time work.Court interpreters are generally paid by the whole or half day.Currently, court interpreters are paid $265 a day and $147 for half day.Trial court systems that have permanent positions for court interpreters pay between $30,000 and $66,000 per year, depending on location and experience.Interpreters of languages for which there is no state certifying examination are called “registered interpreters of non-designated languages”.Non-designated languages are languages for which there are no state certifying examinations.Registered interpreters must meet the requirements developed for court interpreters as well as pass an English proficiency exam that tests their knowledge of English, court procedure, and professional ethics.Professional associations offer workshops and conferences at which novices are welcome.Introductory courses in court interpreting at colleges and universities are also good sources of information.Attending court sessions at one’s local courthouse will give one a good idea of the kinds of proceedings in which one will be expected to interpret, and one may be able to observe a certified court interpreter at work。

重点词汇+同义词扩充

competent: capable, able adept, skilled

acquaint: familiarize, notify, inform

primarily: chiefly, mainly, principally, predominantly

fluency: eloquence, facility, glibness

traumatic---shocking, distressing, upsetting, painful

resolve---solve, settle, come to a decision

strive---endeavor, do one’s utmost, make every effort, go all out

hone---refine, polish, perfect, enhance

novice---beginner, apprentice, greenhorn

第三篇：10月18日翻译练习题

Protection of the milk supply endangered by a federal program is therefore left to the states themselves.Inquiries addressed to the health officers or other appropriate officials revealed that no tests had been made and that it simply was not known whether the milk was contaminated with pesticides or not.Meanwhile, after rather than before the control program was launched, some research into the peculiar nature of heptachlor was done.Perhaps it would be more accurate to say that someone looked up the research already published, since the basic fact that brought about belated action by the federal

government had been discovered several years before, and should have influenced the initial handling of the program.This is the fact that heptachlor, after a short period in the tissues of animals or plants or in the soil, assumes a considerably more toxic form known as heptachlor epoxide.The epoxide is popularly described as “an oxidation product” produced by weathering.The fact that this transformation could occur had been known since 1952;when the Food and Drug Administration discovered that female rats, fed 30 parts per million of heptachlor, had stored 165 parts per million of the more poisonous epoxide only two weeks later.一项由联邦政府主导的牛奶供应计划已陷入危机中，只好由州政府自己操作.通过向卫生部门或其它相关部门调查，发现没有对牛奶进行质量检测，甚至不知道牛奶是否受到杀虫剂的污染。同时，在这个保护牛奶供给质量项目开始实施之前而不是之后，对七氯(一种杀虫剂)病理形成因素已经开始研究中了.更准确地说有人见到研究结果已经公布了，正是对七氯的研究结果才使得联邦政府开始开展这个迟到了好几年的质量保护项目，而且这个结果应该会影响到该项目的初始操作。研究结果表明，七氯在动植物组织或土壤内短时间存在后，会形成一种毒性更大的物质叫做环氧七氯。环氧化物普遍被认为是一种氧化产物，人们从1952年就已经知道这种氧化物的转变会发生。当时美国食品药物安全局通过一项实验表明，当一个雌性老鼠被喂食30PPM的七氯后，再短短两个礼拜后，体内便能形成165PPM的环氧七氯。

杜婷

34号

第四篇：NAATI翻译练习题(中英)

Tax Burden’s a Barrier to Competition

税负有碍竞争

Australia now has one of the highest business tax burdens(that is, business tax raised relative to GDP)in the world, and that the business tax burden is considerably higher than in countries with far higher levels of overall taxation and spending than Australia.目前澳大利亚的商业税负(即相对于其GDP来说，所征得的商业税)为全球最高。而且在许多总体税负和支出远高于澳大利亚的国家里，它们的商业税负却较澳大利亚而难以望项其背。

乒乓乓[-0Australian companies face a tax burden more than double that of their rivals in the US, almost double that of companies in Britain, higher than most of our regional competitors, and higher than all the other countries in the OECD, except for Norway and Luxembourg.Many of these countries are continuing to reform their business tax structures to further reduce the tax burden on business.澳大利亚公司所承担的税负相当于美国公司的两倍多，也几乎是英国公司的两倍，同时高于来自本地区其它国家的竞争对手，并且高于除挪威和卢森堡之外的所有欧洲经济合作与发展组织成员国。这些国家中，大部分都在不断改革商业税的结构以进一步减轻商业税负。

This means Australia is losing ground as a competitive investment destination.It is noteworthy that Australia's share of global inward foreign direct investment has fallen from 4.1 per cent in 1990, to 2.1 per cent in 2005.这意味着澳大利亚正逐渐丧失其作为投资地的竞争优势。值得一提的是，澳大利亚在1990年吸引的直接外资占全球外资总额的4.1%，这个比例在2005年下跌到了2.1%。

Arguments that the rise in the business tax burden reflects the strong growth in profits in Australia are flawed.According to this year’s Federal Budget papers, the effective corporate tax rate has risen in recent years.有人认为提高商业税负反映了澳大利亚的商业利润提升迅猛，这一说法有失偏颇。根据今年的联邦预算文件，有效公司税率近年来有所增长。

In addition, Treasury's own revenue experts have acknowledged that the increase in business taxes reflects more than rising corporate profits, to such an extent that they have revised the way they forecast tax revenues.另外，财政部的御用税收专家承认增加商业税负所反映的问题远甚于公司利润的增长，因此他们修正了先前对税收的预测。

Only by having a competitive business tax system will we avoid our companies becoming branch offices of overseas businesses and attract sufficient foreign investment to maintain our prosperity.只有建立一套具有竞争力的商业税负制度，我们才能免于沦为海外跨国公司的分支机构，并且吸引充足的外资来维持经济繁荣。

Word count: 250 words

NAATI真题2007-11-28 13:53Action Required to Make Education Australia’s Advantage 必须采取措施打造澳大利亚优势教育

Too many young Australians are being left behind by our school education system, a discussion paper released today by the Business Council of Australia has found.今天，澳大利亚工商会(Business Council of Australia)发布了一份论述报告，指出澳大利亚绝大多数的年轻人由于本国学校教育体制的不力，正逐渐落后于别国的同龄人。

The paper highlights that Australia is at risk of falling behind countries such as Finland, Japan and Korea when it comes to measuring key education outcomes in areas including maths and science learning and attainment.该报告强调，如果对数理化学习和造诣等方面的重点教育成果进行评估，澳大利亚可能会落后于芬兰、日本和韩国等国家。

In responding to this challenge, the paper identifies a five-point plan to overhaul school education so that every young Australian has access to a world-leading education system.为解决这个问题，报告列出了整改学校教育的五点方案，旨在使澳大利亚的全体年轻人能接触世界先进的教育体制。

BCA President, Mr Michael Chaney, said: “While far-reaching changes have taken place in the way the wider community works, communicates and is organised, many aspects of our school system have not changed since the 1960s”.澳大利亚工商会主席迈克尔·钱尼(Michael Chaney)说，“尽管我们全社会在组建、运作和交流方面发生了深远的变化，但是我们的学校体制在许多方面仍停留在20世纪60年代的水平。

The paper identifies the following five strategies required to lift school education outcomes: 报告列举了开发学校教育成果必需的五点策略如下：

1.Greater early intervention – identifying potential learning problems before they become entrenched, difficult and costly to address.1.尽早介入--及时发现潜在的学习问题，以免它们发展得根深蒂固，解决起来则难度大，代价高。

2.Increased customisation – making education and training more responsive to the needs, interests and aspirations of individual learners.2.加强因材施教--使教育和培训更能针对不同学生的需要、兴趣和志向。

3.Strengthening the teaching profession – improving the professional support structure and conditions for teachers and school leaders to strengthen their ability to develop and work as highly qualified, knowledgeable professionals.3.完善教学职业--为教师和学校领导改善专业支持结构和条件，从而提高他们工作和发展的能力，使他们成为高素质、有学识的教学人员。

4.Increased investment – increasing public investment in education.4.增加投资--增加教育领域的公共投资。

5.Improved governance – clarifying roles and responsibilities and improving mechanisms for ensuring that education and training is meeting the needs of individuals and the Australian society.5.加强管理--明确分工和职责，改善机制，以确保教育培训能满足澳大利亚社会及个人的需要。Vaccine delivered in GM rice to cure cholera

转基因水稻疫苗可治霍乱

A new rice-based vaccine could give developing nations a cheap and effective treatment against the killer disease cholera, Japanese researchers say.日本科研人员宣布，一种新的水稻疫苗可以为发展中国家提供廉价而有效的疗法，治疗足以致命的霍乱病。

Unlike conventional cholera shots, which have to be refrigerated right up to the point of delivery, the genetically modified rice vaccine has a shelf life of several years at room temperature.传统的霍乱疫苗针剂在交付使用之前需要一直冷藏。与传统疫苗针剂不同，这种转基因水稻疫苗可以在室温下保存数年。

That would make the experimental treatment not only cheaper but much easier to distribute in cholera hot spots like Africa, Latin America and parts of Asia.这样一来，这种实验性疗法不仅成本低廉，而且更便于在霍乱病高发地带如非洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲部分地区推广。

Dr Tomonori Nochi at the University of Tokyo's Institute of Medical Science and colleagues publish their research online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.东京大学医学研究所的野地智法博士和他的同事在美国国家科学院汇刊(the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)在线发表了他们的研究成果。

The researchers inserted a gene from cholera bacteria, Vibrio cholerae, into the genome of the Kitaake rice plant.研究员将一种从霍乱孤菌提取出来的基因植入Kitaake水稻的基因组中。

The gene expressed a subunit of the disease-causing cholera toxin B, about 30 micrograms of which accumulated in each rice seed.该基因显现出一组致病性B型霍乱毒素的子群，每颗水稻种子里可积聚约30微克这种毒素。

Mice then ate the transgenic rice in the form of powder, absorbing the cholera toxin B antigen.接着，让白鼠进食磨成粉末状的转基因稻米，从而吸收了B型霍乱毒素抗原。

This caused their immune system to release very specific antibodies that were capable of neutralising the cholera toxin.这使得白鼠体内的免疫系统释放出特殊的抗体，这种抗体可以灭杀霍乱毒素。

The rice-based vaccine was also resistant to digestion by gastric juices in the stomach and remained active even after long-term storage at room temperature.另外，该水稻疫苗还不容易被胃液消化，而且在可以在室温的贮藏条件下长期存活。

“Rice-based mucosal vaccines offer a highly practical and cost-effective strategy for orally vaccinating large populations against mucosal infections, including those that may result from an act of bioterrorism,” the authors conclude.发明者总结说：“黏膜性水稻疫苗提供了极其实用且合算的办法为大规模人群进行口服预防接种，以防止 黏膜传染病，包括那些由生化恐怖袭击引起的传染。”

Cholera bacteria, which are typically spread through contaminated food and water, cause acute diarrhoea that can lead to dehydration and shock.霍乱菌，主要通过受染的食品或水传播，会引起急性腹泻，从而可能导致脱水和休克。

第五篇：阿房宫赋翻译及练习题

阿房宫赋

练习题

一．古今异义：

①各抱地势，钩心斗角（古义：宫室建筑的精巧 ；今义：指人各用心机，互相排挤）

②一宫之间，而气候不同齐（古义：指天气（雨雪阴睛）的意思；今义：指一个地区的气象概况）③燕赵之收藏，韩魏之经营（古义：搜集保存；今义：筹划、计划或组织）④可怜焦土（古义：可惜；今义：怜悯）

二．词类活用：

1、六王毕（毕 形作动 灭亡）四海一（一 数作动 统一）

2、骊山北构而西折（北,西 名作状 从骊山；向北；向西）

3、未云何龙，不霁何虹（云,龙，虹 名作动 飘来云彩；出现蛟龙；出现彩虹）

4、辇来于秦（辇 名作状 乘辇车）

5、尽态极妍（妍 名作形 姿态的美好）

6、燕赵之收藏，韩魏之经营，齐楚之精英(收藏，经营，精英 动作名 金玉珍宝等物)

7、鼎铛玉石，金块珠砾（鼎 玉 金 珠 名作状 把宝鼎、把宝玉、把黄金 把珍珠）（名作动 当作铛 石 块 砾）

8、族秦者秦也（族 名作动 灭族）

9、后人哀之而不鉴之（鉴 以……为鉴）

10、朝歌夜弦（歌,弦 名作动 奏乐）

三．文言句式

1.戍卒叫，函谷举（被动句）

2.使负栋之柱，多于南亩之农夫（介宾短语后置）

3.灭六国者六国也（判断句）

4.明星荧荧，开妆镜也；绿云扰扰，梳晓鬟也；渭流涨腻，弃脂水也；烟斜雾横，焚椒兰也。雷霆乍惊，宫车过也；辘辘远听，杳不知其所之也。（判断句）5.四．一词多义 一：

1、六王毕，四海一（统一。）

2、楚人一炬，可怜焦土（数词。）

3、黄鹤一去不复返（一旦。）

4、而或长烟一空，皓月千里（全，都。）

5、上食埃土，下饮黄泉，用心一也（专一。）

6、合从缔交，相与为一（一体。）

爱：

1、秦爱纷奢，人亦念其家（喜爱。）

2、使秦复爱六国之人（爱护。）

3、不爱珍器重宝肥饶之地（吝惜。）

4、晋陶渊明独爱菊（喜欢。）

取：

1、奈何取之尽锱铢，用之如泥沙（夺取。）

2、青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝（提取。）

3、今入关，财物无所取（拿。）

4、留取丹心照汗青（着，助词。）译文

六国为秦所灭，天下被统一。蜀山的树木被砍伐一空，阿房宫殿得以建成。（它）覆盖了三百多里地，几乎遮蔽了天日。（阿房宫）从骊山北边建起，折而向西，一直通到咸阳（古咸阳在骊山西北）。渭水和樊川，浩浩荡荡地流进了宫墙。每五步一座高楼，每十步一座亭阁；长廊像绸带一样迂回曲折，（突起的）屋檐（像鸟嘴）向上撅起。这些亭台楼阁啊，各自依着不同的地势，参差错落，精巧工致。盘旋的样子，迂回曲折的样子，像蜂房那样密集，如水涡那样套连，矗立着不知道它们有几千万座。长桥卧在水上，没有云怎么（出现）龙？那楼阁之间的通道架在半空（像彩虹），（可是）并非雨过天晴，怎么会有虹霓产生？高高低低的楼阁，分辨不清，使人辨不清南北西东。人们在台上唱歌，歌乐声响起来，好像充满暖意，如同春光那样和乐；人们在殿中舞蹈，舞袖飘拂，好像带来寒气，如同风雨交加那样凄冷。就在同一天内，同一座宫里，而气氛感觉却截然不同。（六国的）宫女妃嫔、诸侯王族的女儿孙女，辞别了故国的楼阁宫殿，乘坐辇车来到秦国。（她们）日夜奏琴歌唱，成为秦皇的宫人。（清晨）只见（光如）明星闪亮，（原来是她们）打开了梳妆的明镜；又见乌云纷纷扰扰，（原来是她们）一早在梳理发鬓；渭水涨起一层脂膏，（是她们）泼下的脂粉水呀；轻烟缭绕，香雾弥漫，是她们焚烧的椒兰异香。忽然雷霆般的响声震天，（原来是）宫车从这里驰过；辘辘的车轮声渐听渐远，不知它驶向何方。（宫女们）极力显示自己的妩媚娇妍，每一处肌肤，每一种姿态，都娇媚极了。（她们）久久地伫立着，眺望着，希望皇帝能宠幸光临；（可怜）有的人三十六年始终未曾见过皇帝的身影。燕国赵国、韩国魏国、齐国楚国收藏的金玉珍宝等物，都是多少年、多少代，从人民那里掠夺来的，堆积如山。一旦国家破亡，不能再占有，都运送到阿房宫中。把宝鼎（看作）铁锅，把美玉（看作）石头，把黄金（看作）土块，把珍珠（看作）砂砾，扔得到处都是，秦国的人看着，也不觉得可惜。

唉！一个人所想的，也是千万人所想的。秦始皇喜欢繁华奢侈，老百姓也眷念着自己的家。为什么搜刮财宝时连一分一厘也不放过，挥霍起来却把它当作泥沙一样呢？甚至使得（阿房宫）支承大梁的柱子，比田里的农夫还要多；架在屋梁上的椽子，比织机上的织女还要多；突出的钉头，比仓谷里的粟粒还要多；参差不齐的瓦缝，比人们身上穿的丝缕还要多；直的栏杆，横的门槛，比九州的城郭还要多；琴声笛声，嘈杂一片，比闹市里的人声还要喧闹。（这）使天下人们口里虽不敢说，但心里却充满了愤怒。秦始皇这暴君的心却日益骄横顽固。于是驻守边关的士兵起义，函谷关被刘邦攻占；项羽放了一把大火（烧毁秦宫），可惜那豪华的宫殿就变成了一片焦土。