第一篇:高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析1
高中英语必修一知识点总结
第一单元
1)add vt/vi加;添加;增添
add up合计 加起来,但在口语中有时用于否定句,表示“莫名其妙,不说明问题”。add up to 总计共达,所有一切都说明,总而言之。add sth(to sth)把??加到??里去。add to 增加,扩建。
add 表示“继续说,补充说”。区别add和increase add意思是“加,增加”,强调添加。或者表示将数字加起来求和。increase“增加”,表示在数量,产量,尺寸,程度等方面的增加。2)cheat v 欺骗;作弊 n 骗子;作弊者;骗人的事 cheat sb of sth
cheat sth out of sb 从某人处欺诈某物
cheat on/at/in 作弊,欺诈
3)list v 将事物列于表上;编事物的目录 n 名单;目录;一览表 make a list of 造表,列??表 take?off the list 从表上去掉?? stand first on the list 居首位,列前茅 as listed above 如上所列 3)share share in 分享,分担,共用
share sth with sb 和某人共用/共享某事物 share out 分配,分发;得到股息,升股息 share(n.)in/of 一分,部分 4)trust vi/vt 信任,信赖;依赖 trust in 相信,信任,信仰
trust to 依靠(运气等),依赖 trust that? 希望,想
5)suffer vt/vi 遭受,受到,蒙受;受痛苦,受折磨,受惩罚,受损伤 suffer from 受??伤害;患??病痛
注意:suffer 和 suffer from 都不能用于被动语态
6)calm vt/vi/adj.使平静;使镇定。平静的,镇静的,沉着的。calm down平静下来,镇定下来
quite指人对外界事物感触的安静。对人时,侧重不激动,平静温和,不发表意见。still指完全没有声音或者没有动静,突然静止不动。silent主要指人不爱说话,沉默不语。7)concern be concerned about 担心,关心
as/so far as?be concerned 关于,至于,就某人而言 have no concern for 毫不关心
concern oneself in/with/about sth 忙于,从事;关心,关切 have a concern in 和??有厉害关系 be concerned in/with 参与,与??有关
高中各年级课件教案习题汇总语文数学英语物理化学8)separate v/adj 分开,和??分手;单独的,分开的,不同的 separate?from 使??和??分离 9)reason lose one’s reason 失去理智,发狂 by reason of 由于
bring sb to reason 说服某人理智些 within reason 合理 without reason 不合理 listen to reason 听从道理
reason sb into/out of sth 以理说服某人做/不做某事 10)power beyond /out of one’s power 力所不及的,不能胜任的 =not within one’s power in power 当权的,握有政权的 come into power掌权,得势 11)habit form / make a habit of doing=make it a habit to do sth 养成做某事的习惯 be in the habit of 有??的习惯
fall/get into a habit of 沾染(养成)??习惯 break(off)a habit=get out a habit 戒除一种习惯 form good habits 养成良好的习
out of habit 出于习惯
12)according to为介词短语,后跟名词,代词,不能很从句,表示“根据;按照;试??而定”。
according to其后引出的信息应来自别人或者别处,不能来自说话者自己。according to其后不能跟opinion,view等名词。
according as 相当于连词,后跟从句,意为“正像,根据,按照,如果”。
13)join in 区别join;join in;take part in;attend join 参加某个组织或者团体(党派,军队等)
,并且成为其中的一员。
join in 参加正在进行着的活动,如游戏,讨论,辩论,谈话等。
take part in 参加会议或者群众性的活动,并且在其中法会一定的作用。
attend 参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等。重在强调“参与”的动作,不强调参加者的作用。14)dare 作实意动词有人称和数的变化,也有时态的变化;作情态动词,用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中,有时态的变化,但是没有人称和数的变化。
①在肯定据中的dare,dares,dared之后,不定式一遍加to。
②在否定句中和疑问句中的dare之后,不定时一般不加to。
③在用do或者does构成的否定句和疑问句中,理论上虽然应该有to,实际使用却经常把to省略。
I dare say?我敢打赌说?? 15)go through 经历;经受;通过考试;经过;审阅;检查
go with 伴随,与??协调 go up 上升;建起;上涨 go over检查,审查;复习,重温 go out 熄灭;公布;播出 go ahead 进行,进展;(with)赞同 go into从事,参加(某一行业);调查
16)get along with 同??相处;进展
get away 离开;逃
避
get back 回来;拿回
get down 拿下;写下 get in 进入;收获 get down to 开始认真做?? get on/off 上/下车 get over 克服;战胜 get across 被理解 get through 完成;通过;接通电话 get up 起床 get it 明白,理解;猜中
17)with复合结构,也可以叫做独立主格结构,在格式上没有谓语动词,在句中常作状语,表示伴随,原因,方式,条件等。
①with+名词+介词短语。在句中作状语,作后置定语。
②with+名词/代词+过去分词。其中过去分词表示被动或者完成了的动作。③with+名词/代词+现在分词。其中现在分词表示主动或者正在进行的动作。④with+名词/代词+不定式。其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。⑤with+名词/代词+形容词。
18)no longer=not?any longer 表示不再继续或者再现过去某一时刻发生或存在而一直延续的动作/状态时,常用于过去时、现在时或者将来时的句子中。
no more=not?any more 表示再也不重复过去反复发生的动作时,常用于过去时或者将来时的句子中。
When he saw the toy,the baby cried no longer.当看到玩具时,那婴儿不再哭了。Now she wasn’t afraid any more..现在她再也不害怕了。
19)①settle down to 决心去做??,专心去做?? settle on/upon 决定??,选定?? ②have trouble with 使伤脑筋,苦恼;跟某人闹别扭
ask for trouble 自讨苦吃 be in trouble 在困境中,有纠纷 get sb into trouble 陷入困境 make trouble 惹麻烦 put sb to trouble 麻烦某人 take the trouble to do 费力做 3.语法
直接引语变为间接引语(注意:变化时句子一定为陈述句语序。)人称的变化
①直接引语中主语第一人称或者被第一人称所修饰,人称要与“讲话人”的人称一致。②直接引语的第二人称,或者被第二人称所修饰,人称要与“听话人”的人称一致。③直接引语中的第三人称不变化。“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更改”。
二、时态的变化
直接引语——间接引语
一般现在时——一般过去时 一般过去时——过去完成时 现在进行时——过去进行时 现在完成时——过去完成时 过去完成时——过去完成时 一般将来时——过去将来时 时态不变化的情况:
①直接引语是客观真理。
②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to,had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:could, should, would, might)不再变。
第二单元 1)include include是及物动词,后跟名词,代词或者动名词作宾语,或者跟宾语+介词短语等。
including通常为介词,相当于having(sb/sth)as a part,包括(某人某物)在内,可与过去分词included互换。2)present 作形容词,若表示“在场的,出席的”通常用作标标语或者后置定语;若表示“现在的,现有的”,通常用作前置定语。
作名词,也可以表示“目前,现在”,多与the连用,常用的词组at present“现在,目前”;还可以表示“礼物”含有“捐赠”的意思。常有的词组有make sb a present of 表示“将某物赠送给某人”。作动词,表示“赠送,给与”,后跟双宾语;也可表示为“正式介绍,引见某人(尤指向级别、地位较高的人)”。常见用法present one’s apologies/compliments/respects?表示某人的歉意/赞扬/敬意??present oneself 出席,列席; present itself 出现,呈现。3)rule rule over sb/sth 统治某人/某物 rule sth/sb out 把某人/某物排除在外 as a rule 在大多数情况下,通常
表示“控制;影响”时多用作被动语态。
作名词时表示“规则,规章,条例;惯常用法;统治;尺”。4)recognize 为非延续性动词,不用于进行时;强调原来认识的东西意为“认出,分辨出”。表示“承认某人/某物有效或者属实”有时与as连用。
与名词或者名词词组连用,that引导的从句连用,也可表示“认识到,认清某事物”。5)commend 作动词多为及物动词,表示命令,后接名词+不定式。表示“统率,指挥,控制,掌握”,后常接宾语。
作动词或名词都可以跟从句,从句中用should(常省略)+动词原形。
作名词常用词组有:in commend of 统率??的 under the commend of 被??统率的 get/obtian commend of 控制 take commend of 开始担任??的指挥 has commend of 掌握 at/by sb’s commend 奉某人命令的,受某人指挥的
commend oneself 控制自己 6)request 作动词时常用的句型:request sb to do sth;request that sb(should)do sth; request of sb +that从句
作名词时常用的习语有:at sb’s request/at the request of sb 应某人的要求 by request of 由于受到??的要求 make a request for sth from sb 向某人要求某物 7)explain 可作及物或者不及物动词,作及物动词时,间接宾语前要加to。例如:
The teacher explains to the class the questions.The teacher explains the questions to the class.老师向全班解释了这个问题。
explain可接连接代词,连接副词或者that引导的从句。还可以接连接代词或者连接副词所 引导的不定式短语。
8)however 作副词,若表示转折,意为“但是,然而,不过”,可放在句首,句中,句末,要用逗号分开;若修饰形容词或者副词,意为“无论如何,无论怎样”。
作连词,引导让步状语从句。意为“不管怎样,不管用什么方式”。9)imagine 是动词,意为“想象,设想,猜想”后跟名词,动名词,从句(imagine多以否定形式出现),还可以与as连用。
imagine oneself 表示“想像一下,你若??”后面所跟的to be结构常被省略。10)such as与for example的区别
都可以作例如讲,但是such as用来列举事物,放在被列举事物和前面的名词之间,后直接跟名词,没有逗号,一般不如and so on 连用;for example用来举例说明,有时可作独立句,插在句子中,后面一般用逗号隔开。
such as 不能将前面所述的数量全部列出;such作形容词,可与as在句中分开使用,表示“像??这样的”,as是关系代词,引导宾语从句,作主语或者是宾语。11)more than ①more than与数词连用,意为“超过,多于”。
②more than+名词,表示超出该名词所指,意思为“不止,不仅仅是”。③more than+加形容词或者动词,表示加重语气,意思是“很,非常”。
④more than+(that)从句,其基本意义是超过,但可译为“简直不,远非??”
⑤more than之间加入形容词或者副词,有两种含义:一中是普通的比较级用法;另外一种是用来表示“与其说??倒不如说??”。
12)base sth on/upon 意为“以??为基础/依据”,被动形式为be based on/upon 13)关于way的一些短语:
by the way 顺便说说;顺便提起 in a way 在某一方面;在某种程度上
in the way 阻碍,阻挡 on one’s way to/on the way to 在来/去??的路上/过程中 in any way 无论如何 in every way 在各个方面,完全
in no way 绝不,无论如何不 lose one’s way 迷路;误入歧途 14)nearly和almost的用法
①almost=very nearly,表示”几乎、差不多”,常可互换使用。②almost和nearly可互换使用的场合(1)在肯定句中
(2)修饰all, every, always等时(3)在行为动词的否定式前
③只能用almost的场合(1)修饰no, none, never, any以及由no或any的合成词。:(2)修饰表示感觉或心理的动词或形容词。:(3)修饰more than和too。④只能用nearly的场合(1)被very, not, pretty修饰时。
(2)表示要做什么事但后来”没有做”或”避开不做”时。
⑤mostly用作副词,意思是”大体上、主要地、大部分、多半、通常”等。15)come up 走进;上来;提出;发芽;流行;上升;出现;发生 come up to 达到;数到;不负众望;合乎(标准等)
第二篇:六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析
六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit1是小编为你准备的六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit1。想要在考试中取得好成绩,同学们就一定要掌握每个单元的知识点。以下就是六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit1,供你学习使用!
Unit 1 How do you go to school?
一、重点短语:
by plane 坐飞机 by ship 坐轮船 on foot步行 by bike 骑自行车
by bus 坐公共汽车 by train 坐火车 traffic lights 交通灯 traffic rules交通规则
go to school 去上学 get to 到达 get on上车 get off下车
Stop at a red light.红灯停 Wait at a yellow light.黄灯等
Go at a green light.绿灯行
二、重点句型:
1.How do you go to school? 你怎么去上学?
2.Usually I go to school on foot.Sometimes I go by bus.通常我步行去上学。有时候骑自行车去。
3.How can I get to Zhongshan Park ? 我怎么到达中山公园?
4.You can go by the No.15 bus.你可以坐15路公共汽车去。
三、重点语法:
1、There are many ways to go somewhere.到一个地方去有许多方法。
这里的ways一定要用复数。因为there are是There be句型的复
数形式。
2、on foot 步行 乘坐其他交通工具大都可以用介词by…,但是步行只能用介词on。
4、go to school的前面绝对不能加the,这里是固定搭配。
5、USA 和 US 都是美国的意思。另外America也是美国的意思。
6、go to the park 前面一定要加the.如果要去的地方有具体的名字,就不能再加the,如果要去的地方没有具体名字,都要在前面加the.(go to school除外。)
7、How do you go to …?你怎样到达某个地方?如果要问的是第三人称单数,则要用:How does he/she…go to …?
8、反义词:
get on(上车)---get off(下车)near(近的)—far(远的)fast(快的)—slow(慢的)
because(因为)—why(为什么)same(相同的)—different(不同的)
9、近义词:
see you---goodbye sure---certainly---of course
10、频度副词:
always 总是,一直 usually 通常 often经常 sometimes 有时候 never 从来不
六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit2是小编为你准备的六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit2。想要在考试中取得好成绩,同学们就一定要掌握每个单元的知识点。以下就是六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit2,供你学习使用!
Unit 2 Where is the science museum?
一、重点短语:
library 图书馆 post office 邮局 hospital医院 cinema 电影院
bookstore书店 science museum科学博物馆 turn left向左转
turn right 向右转 go straight 直行 north北 south南
east东 west西 next to靠近、与……。相邻 then 然后
二、重点句型:
1.Where is the cinema,please? 请问电影院在哪里?
2.It’s next to the hospital.它与医院相邻。
3.Turn left at the cinema,then go straight.It’s on the left.在电影院向左转,然后直行。它在左边。
三、重点语法:
1、问路时要用“excuse me对不起,打扰一下”
2、描述路时可以用顺序词: first首先,next接着,then然后
3、near 表示在附近,next to 表示与…相邻。它的范围比near小。in front of 在。。前面 behind 在……后面
4、在左边,在右边介词要用on,on the left/on the right,但是
东西南北,介词要用in,in the north/east/south/west.5、for 表示持续多长时间,当表示做某事多长时间都要用for.? 如:Walk east for 5 minutes.?? Then walk straight for three minutes.6、乘几路车可以用by the No.301 bus,注意No.中N要大写,后面要加点。如果要用动词可以用take,例如take the No.301 bus.7、当表示某个地方在另一个地方的哪一方向时,要用介词of。如:the hospital is east of the cinema.医院在电影院的东边。
8、表示在哪儿转时,用介词at。如:Turn left at the bank。在银行左转。
9、find表示“找到”,强调找的结果。Look for 表示“寻找”,强调找的过程。
10、在几点前面要用介词at,如at 7p.m.11、英文的书信与中文的书信不完全一样:
开头:英语是在人称后面加逗号,中文是加冒号。
正文:英语是空三个或者五个字母写,中文要空两个中文字格。
结尾:英语的落款与人名是顶格而且是分开写的。中文则是另起一行,放在一起且稍靠后一点儿的地方。英文名字的书写要注意下。
12、近义词:
bookstore==bookshop 书店 go straight==go down直行 after school==after class 放学后
13、反义词或对应词:
here(这里)---there(那里)east(东)---west(西)north(北)---south(南)
left(左)---right(右)get on(上车)---get off(下车)
14、in the front of…表示在…的前面,是指在该地方的范围内,in front of而则表示在该地方的范围外。如:in front of our classroom是指在教室的外面而且在教室的前面。而in the front of classroom则是指在教室里的前面。
15.be far from…表示离某地远。be 可以是am,is,are.My home is not far from school.我家离学校不远。
六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit3是小编为你准备的六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit3。想要在考试中取得好成绩,同学们就一定要掌握每个单元的知识点。以下就是六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit3,供你学习使用!
Unit 3 What are you going to do ?
一、重点短语:
this morning 今天上午 this afternoon 今天下午 this evening 今天晚上
next week 下周 tomorrow 明天 tonight 今晚
post card 明信片 comic book漫画书 newspaper报纸
二、重点句型:
1.What are you going to do on the weekend?你周末打算做什么?
2.I’m going to visit my grandparents this weekend?这个周末我打算去看望我的外祖父母。
3.Where are you going this afternoon? 你今天下午打算去哪里?
4.I’m going to the bookstore.我打算去书店。
5.What are you going to buy?你打算去买什么?
6.I’m going to buy a comic book.我打算去买一本漫画书。
三、重点语法:
1、What are you going to do?你想做什么?询问他人在未来的打算。be going to 后面要跟动词的原形。注意be going to be 意思是 “打算成为什么,干什么职业。”注意一下句子的区别,找出正确回答。What are you going to do this afternoon?What are you going to buy?What are you going to be?When? are you going?Where are you going?How are you going?Who are you going with?
2、this evening 和 tonight的 区别:this evening指的是今天晚上睡觉以前的时间,一般指晚上十二点以前。而tonight指的是今晚,一般是指一整晚的时间,通宵。
3、P30写周末的作文的模板
4、部分疑问代词的意义与用法:
(1)What 什么。用来问是什么,做什么,叫什么,什么样等等。如:What is your name? 你的名字叫什么?
What is your father? 你爸爸是干什么的?
What is your hobby?你的爱好是什么?
What is your favourite food?你最喜爱的食物是什么?
What's your math teacher like? 你的数学老师长得什么样子?
(2)Where,在哪里,到哪里。用来问地点。
如:Where are you from?你从哪里来?
Where are you going to ?你打算去哪里?
Where is my ruler?我的尺子在哪里?
(3)When,什么时候。用来问时间。如:
When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候?
When are you going to ?你打算什么时候去?
When do you go to school?你什么时候去上学?
(4)what time 几点了。用来问具体的时间,如:What time is it? 现在几点了?
(5)What colour什么颜色。用来问物体的颜色。如:
What colour is your schoolbag?你的书包是什么颜色的?
(6)What kind of 什么种类。用来问类别。如
What kind of fruit do you like?你最喜欢哪一种水果?
(7)who谁。用来问人物是谁。如:
Who is your English teacher ?你的英语老师是谁?
Who's that man? 那个男人是谁?
(8)whose谁的。用来问物体的主人是谁?如:
Whose pencil is this? 这是谁的铅笔?
Whose bike is blue? 谁的自行车是蓝色的?
(9)which哪一个。用来问具体的哪一个。如:
Which season do you like best?你最喜欢哪个季节?
Which pencil is ken's? the long one or the short one?
哪只铅笔是Ken的?长的那支还是短的那支?
(10)how怎样?用来问身体状况,或者事情的状况,对事件的看法等。如:
How are you?你好吗?
How is your mother? 你妈妈好吗?
How about you? 你呢?
(11)how many多少个。用来问有多少个,后面要跟名词的复数形式。如:
How many books do you have?你有多少本书?
How many kites can you see? 你能看见多少只风筝?
(12)how much 多少钱。用来问物体的价钱。如:
How much are they? 他们多少钱?
How much is your schoolbag? 你的书包多少钱?
(13)how old 几岁了。用来问年龄。如
How old are you ? 你几岁了?
How old is your father? 你爸爸多大了?
(14)why为什么。用来问原因,一般要用because来回答。如:why do you like spring?你为什么喜欢春天?
Because I can fly kites.国为我可以放风筝。
(15)how long 多长
(16)how tall 多高
5、I want to be…我想成为… 表示理想。相当于I'm going to be ….6、地点名称:fruit stand 水果店? clothes shop服装店? shoe store鞋店? pet shop宠物店? theme park主题公园? the Great Wall长城? plant shop 植物店restaurant 饭店 bus stop 公交车站
7、在哪个门用介词at,at the north/east/south/west gate.8、现在进行时与一般将来时的区别:
六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit4是小编为你准备的六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit4。想要在考试中取得好成绩,同学们就一定要掌握每个单元的知识点。以下就是六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit4,供你学习使用!
Unit 4 what’s your hobby?
一、重点词汇:
hobby爱好 ride a bike骑自行车 dive跳水 play the violin拉小提琴
make kites制作风筝 collect stamps集邮 live居住 teaches教
Watches观看 goes去 does doesn’t=does not
city 城市 county 国家或者乡村 province 省
二、重点句型:
1.What’s your hobby? 你的爱好是什么?
2.I like collecting stamps.我喜欢集邮。
3.He likes collecting stamps,too.他也喜欢集邮
4.Does she teach English? No,she doesn’t.她教英语吗? 不。
5.Does she teach you math? Yes,she does.她教你数学吗? 是的。
三、重点语法:
1、动词变为动名词的规则:
动词变为动名词,即是动词加ing。一般要遵循以下三条规则:
(1)一般情况下,在动词的后面直接加ing。如:play-playing
read-reading
do-doing
go-going
(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,要去掉不发音的字母e,再加ing。如:write-writing dance-dancing
(3)以单元音加单辅音结尾的重读闭音节,要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ing。如:run-running swim-swimming??? put-putting
sit-sitting2、记住like后面要加动词ing,说爱好有三种说法:①I like swimming.②Swimming is my hobby.③My hobby is swimming.注意:She likes drawing pictures, listening to music and making kites.这几个爱好是并列的,都是在like后面,所以都要加ing.3、第48页是写自己或者笔友的作文模板
4、第49页是写自己或者是其他人一天的作文模板,记住要用一般现在时态。
2、关于第三人称单数:
动词变为第三人称单数形式的规则:
(1)在一个句子中,如果主语人称既不是你,也不是我,而是另外的一个人,这时的人称叫做第三人称单数。
(2)在第三人称单词的句子中,动词要使用第三人称单词形式。
(3)动词变为第三人称单数形式,要遵循以下规则:
①一般情况下,在动词的后面直接加s。如:
read--reads
make-makes
write-writes
②以字母s, x, o , sh , ch结尾的动词,在词尾加es。如:do-does
wash-washe
teach-teaches
go-goes
pass-passes
ride-riding
make-making
③以y结尾的动词分为两个情况,以元音字母加y结尾的动词,在词尾直接加s。如:play-plays
buy--buys
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,要把y变为i,再加es.如:study--studies
④以f , fe结尾的名词,先把f,fe变为v,再加-es.⑤特殊变化:have--has
(4)在一个第三人称单数的句子中,只要句子中出现了does或者其否定形式doesn't.该句子中的其他动词就要使用原形。
(5)第三人称单数的肯定句在变为否定句时,在动词的前面加doesn't.动词恢复原形。如:He lives in Beijing.---He doesn't live in Beijing.(6)第三人称单数的陈述句在变为一般疑问句时,用does开头,后面的动词也要变为原形。如:He lives in Beijing.---Does he live in Beijing?注意:用来does,后面的动词就不能用第三人称形式。
3、注意几个单词的变化:hobby(复数形式)-hobbies
have to(同义词)-mus
same(反义词)---different
look the same 看起来一样
六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit5是小编为你准备的六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit5。想要在考试中取得好成绩,同学们就一定要掌握每个单元的知识点。以下就是六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit5,供你学习使用!
Unit 5 what does your mother do?
一、重点短语:
Singer歌手 writer作家 actor男演员 actress女演员 artist画家
TV reporter电视台记者 engineer工程师 accountant会计 policeman警察
Cleaner清洁工 salesperson售货员work工作
二、重点句型:
1.What does your mother do? 你妈妈是干什么的?
2.She is a TV reporter.她是一个电视播音员。
3.Where does she work? 她在哪儿工作?
4.She works in a school.她在学校工作。
5.How does she go to work? 她怎么去工作?
6.She goes to work by bus.她乘公交车去工作。
三、重点语法:
1、一些由动词变化而来的职业名词:
teach-teacher clean-cleaner sing-singer dance-dancer
drive-driver write-writer TV report-TV reporter
act-actor act-actress art-artist engine-engineerplay basketball/football/baseball-basketball/football/baseball player
2、提问职业有两种方式: What is your father? 或者What does your father do?
3、a/an的区别,跟元音发音有关。例如:a singer/writer/TV reorteran actor/actress/artist/engineer/accountant
4、What are you going to be ?问的是长大想干什么,注意用“be”.I'm going to be a …记住p61和63有关职业信息的内容
5、记住几个地点: shoe /car/air-conditioner company? 鞋/汽车/空调公司
6、做“对句子划线部分提问”试题时,一般应该遵循三个步骤:
(1)确定与句子划线部分相应的特殊疑问词,并且特殊疑问词代替相应的划线部分。
(2)把特殊疑问词代替划线部分后的句子变成一般疑问句。
(3)最后再把特殊疑问词提到句首。
以上三个基本步骤可以用三个字来概括,即:定,问,提。例如:This is a book.①This is what.②Is this what ③What is this ?
注意:句①②只是一种变化过程,不必写入试题中。句③才是试题所要求的形式和结果,必须写到试题上。以上三个步骤是对句子划线部分提问最基本的过程。
然而对不同句子的不同成份提问时,还要注意以下几点:
(1).如果句子的划线部分是主语,只找出相应的特殊疑问词,用来代替划线部分即可。如:
1)He teaches us English.Who teaches us English?
2)My mother's clothes are over there.Whose clothes are over there?
(2).如果句子的划线部分是谓语(包括谓语动词),不论原来的谓语动词是何种形式(时态、语态),都要将谓语动词变为do的相应的形式:不论原来的谓语动词后面跟的是人、物还是地点,一律用What来代替。如:
1)They are playing football.①They are doing what.②Are they doing what? ③What are they doing?
2)They wolf is going to kill that man.①They wolf is going to do what.②Is the wolf going to do what?
③What is the wolf going to do?
(3).如果句子的划线部分是定语,并且在谓语部分,这时,需将特殊疑问词和紧跟其后的名词一起提到句首。如:
1)That is his pen.①That is whose pen.②Is that whose pen ③Whose pen is that?
对定语划线部分提问题,如果划线部分是所属关系,特殊疑问词用whose;如果划线部分指具体的“某一个”时特殊疑问词用which;如果划线部分指内容或职业时,特殊疑问词用what;如果划线部分指数量时,特殊疑问词用how many(可数)或how much(不可数)。如:
1)They are the legs of the desk.①They are whose legs.②Are they whose legs? ③Whose legs are they?
2)I like red one.①You like which one.②Do you like which one? ③Which one do you like?
3)They have five English books.They have how many English books.Do they have how many English books?
How many English books do they have?
职业男女的称呼区别:actor-actres salesman-saleswoman salesperson 男女售货员都可以 mailman-mailperson
六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit6是小编为你准备的六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit6。想要在考试中取得好成绩,同学们就一定要掌握每个单元的知识点。以下就是六年级英语上册知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit6,供你学习使用!
Unit 6 where does the rain come from?
一、重点短语与单词
rain雨 cloud云 sun太阳 stream小溪 come from来自 seed种子
soil土壤 sprout嫩芽 plant植物,种植
二、重点句型:
1.Where does the rain come from? 雨来自哪?
2.It comes from the clouds.它来自云。
3.How do you do that? 你是怎么做的?
4.What should you do then? 然后你应做什么?
三、重点语法:
1、名词变形容词:
rain-rainy cloud-cloudy wind-windy sun-sunny snow-snowy
2、We can see water in the sea/river/lake/stream/rain/snow
3、注意表示顺序的词:first 首先,then然后,next接下去
4、记住第71页的水循环的图和72页的过程。
5、注意几对来自:wheat----flour---bread sheep---mutton apple----apple juice pig---pork cow----milk
6、注意植物的生长顺序,有可能考到排列顺序题P736、should 是情态动词,后面加动词的原形。文化知识点:水在不同的温度下有三种状态 ice water vapour
第三篇:高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit19-20
高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit19-20
☆重点句型☆
1.She dressed herself as a lawyer's clerk.2.I offer you six times what you have just offered.3.I never knew so young a body with so wise a head.4.You shall get justice.5.It's silly of sb.to do sth.6.He has no choice but to cry.7.I'd come to if 1 had time to spare.8.I offer ten times the money that Antonio has borrowed.9.It is not yet known how these were conveyed over a dis-tance of 380 kilometres.10.In terms of technical development, people were going from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age.☆重点词汇☆ 1.merchant n.商人 2.deny v.否定 3.enemy n.敌人
4.reasonable adj.合乎情理的 5.weakness n.弱点 6.judgement n.判断 7.gentleman n.绅士 8.greeting n.问候 9.envy vt.& n.嫉妒 10.accuse vt.指控 11.fortune n.机会
12.bargain n.& adj.讨价还价(的)13.bless vt.保佑 14.legal adj.法定的 15.deed n.行动 16.requirement n.需要 17.declare vt.宣布 18.court n.法庭 19.justice n.公正 20.therefore adv.因此 21.worthy adj.值得的 22.mercy n.仁慈 23.punish vt.惩罚 24.order vt.& n.命令 25.emperor n.皇帝 26.clothing n.衣服 27.dozen n.(一)打
28.spare adj.额外的 vt.腾出
29.average adj.平均的 30.accompany vt.陪伴 31.quality n.数量
32.square adj.平方的 n.广场
☆重点短语☆ 1.pay back 偿还
2.have mercy on 对……表示怜悯 3.at the mercy of 任由……摆布 4.go about 着手干 5.as far as I know 就我所知 6.tear up 撕毁
7.go down on one's knees 跪下 8.tend to 趋于
9.in terms of 就……而言 10.in the eyes of 在……看来 11.1end a hand 帮助 12.serve as 作为
13.may / might as well do sth.还是做某事好 14.be seated 就座
15.take sb.in one' s arms 拥抱某人 16.have a hand in 插手 ☆短语闯关☆
下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语,请你根据 汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词,每个词4分,80分才 能过关,你一定能过关,做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我 们就开始吧? 1.pay ____ 偿还;报答
2.have mercy ____ 对……表示怜悯 3.go ____ 开始做;着手干 4.as ____ as I know 就我所知 5.tear ____ 撕毁;取消(合同等)6.____ the mercy of任由……摆布或控制 7.go down ____ one's knees 跪下 8.tend ____ 朝某方向;趋于
9.____ terms of 就…而言;用……的话;以…的观点 10.in the ____ of在……看来 11.lend a ____ 帮助 12.serve ____ 作为;当作 13.dig ____ 挖出;掘起
14.have a ____ in 参与;插手;对某事负部分责任 15.remind sb ____ sth 使某人想起……;提醒 16.have sb ____ your power 使某人在你的控制下 17.date to(=date from)追溯到…… 18.take ____ 发生 19.be ____ 坐下
20.cut ____ 切断;割掉;剪掉 21.offer ____ 奉献;献出;献上 22.take ____ 拿走;拿开 23.send ____ 让走开
24.____ least反正;无论如何;至少 25.link...把……和……联系起来
☆交际用语☆
1.Correct me if I'm wrong, but...2.One of the most important facts is...3.As far as I know...4, You shouldn't forget that...5.You could, for example 6.What shouldn't be forgotten is...7.I wonder what I who...8.I'd like to know more about ,..9.What I'd really like to find out is...10.I' m curious about...☆单词聚焦☆ 13.accompany vt.1)陪伴 She accompanied me to the doctor's./ The minister was accompanied by his secretary to the hospital.2)伴随 Lightning usually accompanies thunder.3)伴奏 The well-known singer W&S accompanied at the electrical organ by his school teacher.7.bargain 1)bargain n.交易,合同交易;协议;廉价买到的东西A bargain's a bargain./ He made a bargain with his wife “You take care of the children and I'll cook.” / This jacket is a real bargain at such a low price./ It's a real bargain.2)bargain vi.(常与with,for连用)讲价;谈条件 If you bargain with them they might reduce the price, she bargain-ed with the trader till he sold her the fruit cheaply.[比较] charge n.费用,价钱;v.要价,收费 charge sb some money for(doing)sth.因做某事向人索价 此外,charge还可作“看管,负责”解。take charge(of sb./ sth.)照管,管理 in charge(of sb./ sth.)照管,管理 in the charge of sb.在……的管理之下 Who is in charge here? = Who takes charge here? This project is in the charge of Mr.Smith.11.dozen dozen n.pl.(dozen,dozens)(作为实数及用作定语时,复数不加“s”)一打,十二个(pl.dozens)若干;几十;许多 several dozen exercise-books 几打练习本 / some dozen(of)people 约十二个人 / some dozens of people 几十个人 / pack pencils in dozens 按打包装铅笔习惯用语:by the dozen 按打计算 / I've bought a dozen eggs for dinner tonight./ The institute has dozens of telescopes through which we can observe the satellites tra-velling in space.3.envy嫉妒;羡慕
(1)vt.Better be envied than pitied.宁可让人妒忌,不要让人怜悯。/ I envy him his success.我很羡慕(嫉妒)他的成功。(2)n.They only say such unkind things about you out of envy.他们纯粹出于忌妒才说你这些坏话。/ He was filled with envy at my success.他十分羡慕(嫉妒)我的成功。▲搭配:
① feel envy at...对……感到嫉妒 ② out of envy 出于嫉妒/羡慕 ③ envy sb 嫉妒/羡慕某人
④ envy sb sth = envy one's sth 嫉妒/羡慕某人某事
I don't envy you your journey in this bad weather.我并不羡慕你在这种坏天气去旅行。【考例1】I bought a new type of cellphone, which was the ____ of all my classmates.A.admire
B.wish
C.respect
D.envy [考查目标] 考查词语在具体语境中的用法。
[答案与解析]D...is the envy of sb.意为“……是某人所羡慕的”。【考点lO】expect 的用法 ▲构词:
① expectation n.[C;U] 预料;预期;期待;期望;盼望
② unexpected adj.未预料到的 ▲句型:
① expect that clause 以为;认为;期望 ② expect to do sth 期望干某事 ③ expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事
④ sb didn't expect sb to do sth 没料到某人会干某事 ⑤ expect so / not料想如此/不会如此
⑥...as / than(sb)expected 如……预料/比预料更
⑦ as is / was / might be expected;as might have been expected果然;不出所料;正如所料 ⑧ had expected to do sth 表示“本希望(本想),但未实 现”。
⑨ beyond(one's)expectation 出乎(某人)意料;料想不到;较预期的更大/好 ▲辨析:desire;expect;hope;want;wish 该组词均可表达愿望,但:
expect表示“期待。期望,盼望”,有把握,有根据地认为某事将要发生或期待某事的发生,着重相信或认为有客观可能。hope表示想做某事或期望出现某种有利的结果,隐含这种希望可以实现,意为“希望于某事”。want为普通口语用词,指对满足某种实际需要的渴求。
wish表示一种心愿和渴望,渴望的程度比desire弱,或表示一种不能实现的愿望,也用来表示对人的祝福。
desire既可作动词。也可作名词。最正式、严肃,强调感情的强烈和热切,强调“主观愿望的热切性”,含有“强烈希望做某事”的意思。例如:
He desires a college education.他想受大学教育。/ I expect that we'll succeed this time.我想这次我们一定会成功。/ I hope everything goes well with your work.祝你工作如意,事事顺心。/ I don't want your child to be spoiled.我不愿你的孩子被宠坏。/ I wish I had tried more things at college.我以前读大学时,若能多尝试一些事情多好。/ How I wish I could buy a house like that.啊,假如我能 买一栋那样的房子该多好。
▲友情提示:expect表示“期待,期望,盼望”,有把握、有根据地认为某事将要发生或期待某事的发生,着重相信或认为有客观可能。【考例10】(2004北京春招)I arrived late;I ____ the road to be so icy.A.wouldn't expect
B.haven't expected C.hadn't expected
D.wasn't expecting [考查目标]考查expect的时态所表示的含义。
[答案与解析]C I hadn't expected 表示“我当时没有意料到……”,与过去的事实情况相反。4.fortune n.机会;运气
make a fortune 发财致富 / push one's fortune 追求名利,努力抬高自己的地位;力图发迹 / run a fortune 冒风险 / seek one's fortune 寻求出路,力图发迹 / try one's fortune 碰运气
He made a considerable fortune selling waste materials.他靠卖废料发了大财。/ Fortune favours the brave.【考点9】hand的用法 ▲构词:
① handshake n.[C] 握手 ② handstand n.[C]手倒立 ③ handtruck n.[C]手推车 ④ handwriting n.[U]笔迹,书法 ⑤ handful n.[C](一)把;少数。少量 ⑥ handkerchief n.[C]手帕
⑦ handbag n.[C]女用皮包,手提包 ▲ 搭配:
① hold out one's hand 伸出手
② hold one's hand 握着某人的手
③ reach(out)for...= reach(out)one's hand for...伸手够…… ④ raise one's hand(s)= put up one's hand(s)举手 ⑤ hand down 把……传下去/发下去 ⑥ hand in 上交;递交;提交 ⑦ hand out 分发;发放;散发
⑧ hand(over)to...移交给……,拿给(另一个)⑨ go hand in hand with 与……齐头并进 ⑩ by hand 手工;用手(区别于用机器等)⑪ hand in hand 并进;联合;手拉手;紧密合作 ⑫ from hand to hand 从一人之手转到他人之手 ⑬ at hand 在手边;即将到来;即将来临;在近处 ⑭ a green hand 生手;没有经验的人 ⑮ a handful of 少量的;一把;很少的 ⑯ be short of hands 缺人手
⑰ give / lend sb a hand(with sth)(在某方面)帮某人一下忙
⑱ shake hands with sb = shake one's hand = shake sb by the hand与某人握手 ⑲ catch / take sb by the hand = catch / take one's hand抓住/拉着某人的手 ⑳ Hands up!举起手来!(命令)比较:Hands off!请勿动手!(不要用手摸!)▲ 句型:
① hand sb.sth = hand sth(on)to sb = hand(on)sth to sb 把……交给……
② on the one hand..., on the other hand 一方面…,(但)另一方面…(可连用,也可单独使用)(第一个the和第二个hand可以省略)③ have a hand in(doing)sth 参与;插手;对(干)某事负部分责任
【考例9】(2004福建)It's certain that he will ____ his business to his son when he gets old.A.take over
B.think over C.hand over
D.go over [考查目标]考查 hand over 的意思。
[答案与解析]C
hand over...to sb 把……移交给某人。【考点6】hope 的用法 ▲构词:
① hopeful adj.有希望的;有前途的 ② hopefully adv.有希望地
③ hopeless adj.没有希望的;不可救药的 ▲搭配:
① in the hope of = in hopes of = hoping 怀着……的希望
② hope for sth 希望……;期待…… ▲句型:
① hope to do sth(既表示愿望又表示对此很有把握)希望…… ② hope that clause 希望……;预祝…… ③(be)in the hope / hopes of doing sth 希望…… ④(be)in the hope / hopes that clause 希望…… ⑤ express the / one's hope to do sth 希望…… ⑥ express the / one's hope that clause 希望…… ⑦ It is hoped that...= Hopefully...人们希望……
⑧ I hope so.我希望如此。I hope not.我希望没有。(我希望不。)⑨ had hoped to do sth 或had hoped that sb would do sth 表示“本希望(本想),但未实现” ⑩ There is little / no / not much hope of(doing)sth 干某事的希望不大 ⑪I s there little / no / not much hope that...? 没有干某事的希望 / 可能吗?
⑫ Is there any hope of doing sth? Is there any hope that…? 有十某事的希望吗? ▲辨析:desire;expect;hope;want:wish(见本讲考点10)▲友情提示:千万不可使用hope sb to do sth 结构。【考例6】(2004江苏)--You haven't lost the ticket, have you?--____.I know it's not easy to get another one at the moment.A.I hope not
B.Yes, I have C.I hope so
D.Yes, I'm afraid so [考查目标]考查语境中的交际用语。
[答案与解析]A
根据上下文的语境可以得出答案。1.mercy n.仁慈、怜悯
They showed little mercy to the enemies.他们对敌人毫不怜悯。/ We were treated with mercy.人们对待我们很仁慈。have mercy on 对……表示怜悯 She was so kind that the showed much mercy on the poor.她很仁慈对穷人很怜悯。at the mercy of 任由……摆布,受……控制 She is at the mercy of her emotions.她完全受自己感情的支配。【考点2】order 的用法 ▲搭配:
① obey orders 服从命令 ② in order that 为了;以便 ③ in order to 为了;以便 ④ in order 整齐;按顺序;有条理 ⑤ out of order 失灵,出故障
⑥ take orders from sb = take one's orders 接受命令 ⑦ send orders to sb 传令给…… ⑧ give an order 下命令
⑨ take / have one's order 请某人点菜 ⑩ keep order 维持秩序 ⑪ have orders 奉命 ▲句型:
① order sb.to do sth 命令某人干某事 ② order sth to be done 命令干某事
③ order(that)sh / sth(should)+ V.命令干某事 ④ order sb sth 给某人订购某物
⑤ in order to do sth;in order that-clause 为了……
⑥ We used the computer in order to save time.= We used the computer in order that we might save time.我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。⑦ There came an order that...= An order came that...传来……命令 ⑧ May I take / have your order? 你点菜吗?(饭店服务员用语)▲辨析:command;direct;order 三词均意为“命令”,但
command语气较强,多用于正式的场合。direct语气较弱。
order语气较强,但比较局限和具体,多用于军事指挥中,接宾语从句时需用虚拟语气。例如:The men did as their officer had commanded.士兵遵照长官的命令行事。/ The general directed that his men should retreat.将军命令他的部下撤退。/ The police ordered the demonstrators to stop.警方命令示威者停止前进。【考例2】(1996上海)--I wonder if I could use your telephone.--____.A.I wonder how
B.I don't wonder C.Sorry, it's out of order
D.No wonder, here it is
[考查目标]考查交际用语。
[答案与解析]C
out of order 表示“出故障”。【考点4】pay的用法 ▲构词:
① pay phone 公用电话
② payday 发薪日 ③ pay envelope 工资袋
④ well-paid 高薪的 ▲ 搭配:
① pay back 偿还/归还(借款等);报答;报复;回敬 ② pay for sth 付钱;支付;为……付m(代价)③ pay off(one's debts)还清(债务)④ pay sb back for...报答某人什么 ⑤ pay one's debt 还账
⑥ pay...a visit = pay a visit to 访问……;拜访…… ⑦ get / be paid = get one's pay 领工资;得到报酬 ⑧ pay taxes / rent / the bill 纳税/交租金/付账 ⑨ pay one's respects to sb 向某人表示敬意 ⑩ pay attention to 注意 ▲ 句型:
① pay sb some money for(doing)sth 干某事付给某人多少钱 ② pay sb + 钱付给某人多少钱 ③ pay for(doing)sth 为(干)某事付钱
④ pay + 钱 + for(doing)sth 为(干)某事付多少钱 ⑤ pay sb to do sth 雇某人干某事 ▲ 辨析:fee;pay;salary;wage salary 指定期发放的工资,常以一个月或一年为期限,多为白领工作人员或管理部门的人员的工资 wage 多用复数wages,指体力劳动者的工资,指每周所发的工资或计时计件工资 pay 指发给军人或其他公务员的“薪水”,经常指永久性的、定期付给一定数量的钱 fee指为某种专业服务而付出的钱(如付给律师的)。例如:
The fee for the concert is 100 yuan.音乐会的票价是100元。We can't afford private school fees.我们负担不起私立学校的学费。It's a dirty job but the pay is good.这是份很脏的工作,但工资不错。My salary is paid directly into my bank account.我的薪金是直接拨入我的银行户头的。What's the average wage in this country? 这个国家的平均工资是多少? 【考例4】(NMET 1998)Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour.A.pay
B.paying
C.paid
D.to pay [考查目标]考查 get paid 的含义。
[答案与解析]C get paid 领工资;得到报酬。【考点8】serve 的用法 ▲构词: ① service n.服务 ② servant n.仆人,佣人
③ service-charge = tip n.服务费,小费 ④ a service industry 一种服务性行业 ▲ 搭配:
① serve sb heart anti soul 全心全意为人民服务 ② serve as / for 某物当……用;用作;起……作用
③ serve one's turn / need / purpose 适合某人的目的 /需要 / 心意 ④ serve in the army 服役
⑤ provide good after-sales service 提供优质
⑥ community service 社区服务 ⑦ go into service 投入使用;去帮佣 ⑧ in service 当佣人;在职;服兵役;使用中
⑨ do sb a(great)service 帮某人个(大)忙;给某人...(大)忙 ⑩ be at one's service 听候某人吩咐;听凭某人使用 ⑪At your service.愿为您效劳;听候您的吩咐
▲ 句型:① serve sb(with)sth = serve sth to sb 拿/用……招待/款待某人 ② Can I be of(any)service to you? 我能帮你什么忙吗? ③ be of service to...对……有用/有帮助/有好处
【考例8】(NMET 1993)In some parts of the world, tea ____ with milk and sugar.A.is serving
B.is served C.serves
D.served [考查目标] 考查固定短语。
[答案与解析]B 考查 be served with 固定短语。6.so young a body [说明]在一个带有形容词的名词词组中,不定冠词a / an通常放在adj.的前面。但是,如果adj.前有so, too, how, quite 时,a / an应放 adj.的后面。其结构是:so / too / how / quite + adj.+ a / an + n.。He is so good a student./ It is too difficult a job for me.12.spare 1)adj.备用的,多余的,剩余的 a spare tire 备用轮胎 / spare cash 余款
If you have a spare bed, may I stay tonight? / Have you any spare time to help me? 2)n.节约,抽出
spare no effort / pain 不遗余力 / spare no expense 不惜工本 / Please spare me your opinions, just tell me the facts./ Can you spare this time to help me? / Can you spare me this book for a while? ▲ 搭配:
① in one's spare time 在空余时间;在业余时间 ② spare no pains / efforts to do sth 不遗余力地去做某事 ③ spare one's energy 节省精力
【考例3】(2005湖北)They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to ____.A.spare
B.catch
C.leave
D.make [考查目标]考查几个与时间名词搭配的动词含义。
[答案与解析]A 题意为“他们出发晚了,只剩下几分钟的时间赶往机场”。to spare = be able to afford to give(time, money, etc.)意为“多余。余富”。
【考点5】turn 的用法
▲ 构词:turning n.[C]拐弯处,拐角处 ▲搭配:
① turn around / round 转过身;转过来
② turn away 把……打发走;解雇;拒绝;把脸扭开 ③ turn down 关小;调低;拒绝 ④ turn green 变绿
⑤ turn in 上缴;移交给警察
⑥ turn off 关掉(自来水、电灯、收音机等);切断 ⑦ turn on 开;旋开(电灯、无线电等)⑧ turn over 翻到;翻身;翻(书页);翻动;翻耕(土地);把…翻一翻;移交(工作);转让(公司)⑨ turn to 翻到;转向;求救于;求助于
⑩ turn up 调大;出现;到达;找到;转弯;转向 ⑪ turn...into...把……变成…… ⑫ wait one's turn 等着轮到某人 ⑬ by turns 轮流地.依次 ⑭ turn out 结果证明是;生产 ⑮ turn into 进入
⑯ in turn 依次;反过来(表示对比)
▲句型:
① turn + n.= become a / an / the + n.变成
② turn + adj.(green / yellow / deaf)变得 It's one's turn to do sth = Now comes one's turn to do sth 轮到某人干某事了;该某人干某事 一般疑问句:Is it one's turn to do sth? 特殊疑问句:Whose turn is it to do sth? take turns(at)doing sth / to do sth = take one's turn to do sth = do sth by turns = do sth in turn 轮流千某事
“(结果)证明”可表达为:...turn out(to be)+ 名词或形容词;It turns / turned out that + 句子。例如:The meeting turned out to be a great success.结果会议开得很成功。= It turned out that the meeting was a great success.▲ 辨析:①become;get;go;grow;turn 该组词作系动词用时,均表示变化,但
become意为“变成,成为,转为”,多用于书面语,多指有一种状态向另一种状态的变化,所表示的变化过程往往已经完成,其后可接形容词、名词等作表语。
get意为“变成,……起来”,多用于口语,多指由一种状态变成另一种状态,表示短时间的状态变化,其后接形容词、不定式或现在分词等作表语。
go常指由好变坏或由正常情况变成特殊情况。如:go bad / blind / mad / crazy / wrong / red变坏 /变瞎 / 变疯 / 出毛病 /(气得脸)变红;表示短时间的状态变化,其后接形容词等作表语。grow有“逐渐变成新状态”之意,强调变化过程。
turn意为“变成”,表示成为完全不同的事物,强调变化的结果。其后可接形容词作表语,一般表示东西变质,人或天气变坏及颜色的变化等,后接名词时,名词前无冠词。例如:Johnson has become a lawyer, but Michael remains a waiter at a hotel.Johnson已做了律师,可Michael却还在一家宾馆当服务员。/ Don't get too excited!不要太激动!/ Meat goes bad easily in summer.肉在夏天易变坏。/ The smoke grew thicker.烟变得更浓了。/ The milk turned sour.牛奶酸了。He has turned journalist.= He has become a journalist.他已经成了一名记者。
② close shut;turn off 该组词均表达“关,关闭”之意,但close意为“关,关闭,封闭”,是较正式的用语,常指把门窗、箱子、盒千等关闭起来或将使用着的路封闭起来。shut意为“关,关闭,关牢”,可与互换使用,但其意味更强,强调关的结果,含有关紧或关牢之意。turn off 意为“关.关闭”,常用于电源、电灯、电视、收音机等电器及水流等液体的关闭。【考例5】(2004浙江)We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn't quite ____ as planned.A.make out
B.turn out
C.go on
D.come up [考查目标] 考查动词短语辨析。
[答案与解析]B
make out表示“分辨”;turn out表示“结果是”;go on 表示“继续”;come up表示“问题等被提出”。结合上下文的意思应该选turn out。
【考点7】waste 的用法
▲ 搭配:a waste of……的浪费 ▲ 句型:
① waste sth 浪费;消耗
② waste time / money +(in)doing sth 浪费时间/金钱干某事 ③ waste time / money + on sth 浪费时间 / 金钱……
④ It's(a)waste of time / money / breath + to do sth./ doing sth 干某事是白费时间/钱/口舌 【考例7】(NMET 1995)You're ____ your time trying to persuade him;he'll never join us.A.spending
B.wasting
C.losing
D.missing [考查目标]考查动词的辨析。
[答案与解析]B 根据上下文的意思”他不会加到我们中的,所以你是在浪费时间”。[牛刀小试1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空:(spare, hope, waste, hand, expect, envy)1.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had ____.2.Children are tired of learning often because they ____ to do better than they can.3.I ____ to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind.4.After all the students had taken their seats, the teacher ____ out the examination papers.5.How I ____him the pleasures he had during the vacation!6.The school building is limited, so we have no ____ room to hold this meeting.7.First come, first ____.☆词语比较☆
1.now that, due to, because of, owing to(1)now that 作“既然”讲时,相当于since。now that中的that可省去。Now(that)you are well again, you can travel.你既然恢复了健康,就能够旅行了。
(2)due to 作“起因于、归功于”时,常作表语或跟在名词后。Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious results.粗枝大叶造成的错误可能带来严重后果。/ The team's success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。
(3)because of “由于、因为”,在句中作状语或表语。His anger is because of your bad deeds.他是因你的失礼行为而生气。
(4)owing to “由于、因为”,常在现代英语中与because of,due to换用。Owing to unfavorable weather, I was unable to carry on with it.由于天气不好,我不能把它进行下去。2.pay back, pay off, pay for pay back是“偿还,报复,报答”的意思
pay off是除“还清”的意思外,常用的意思还有“有报酬” pay for是“付……款”的意思。
How can I pay you back for all your kindness? 你的这番好意我该怎么报答呢? / Soon they paid off the loan.不久他们把贷款还清了。/ His hard work paid off when he got the promotion.他得到了提升,他的努力没有白费。/ Do you have to pay for your schooling? 你上学要付学费吗? 3.announce, declare 这两个词都含有“宣布”的意思。其区别主要是:
announce 所宣布的是公众较感兴趣的事情,常带有“预告”的意思
declare 一般用于较为正式的场合,特别是用于官方场合。例如:It has been announced that they will be married next week.据宣布,他们将在下周结婚。The price of rice was announced in the papers.大米的价格已在报上公布。declare war 宣战 declare peace 宣布和平The arrested man declared himself(to be)innocent.被逮捕的人声称自己是无罪的。
declare 还有一个重要的意思是“申报(纳税品、房地产等),例如:Do you have anything to declare? 你有什么要申报纳税的吗? 4.combine, connect, join, unite 此组动词意为“联合、连接”。
(1)combine 意为“结合、联合”,指为了某一目的而把两事物结合在一起。We must combine theory with practice.我们必须把理论和实践联系起来。
(2)connect “连接”,指用东西把两事物连接在一起,或两事物直接相连,二者仍保持原状。The two cities are connected by a railway.两座城市由铁路相连。
(3)join 意为“连接”,指以线、绳、桥等把两物或两地连接在一起,和 connect 意思相近,也可指两物互相紧密相接。We had better join the island to the mainland with a steel bridge.我们最好建一座钢筋桥把这个岛与大陆连接起来。/ Where does this stream join the Changiiang River? 这条河和长江在哪里汇合?(4)unite 意为“联合”,指两种以上的事物结合为一体,有合二为一的意味,强调结合后的统一性。The two companies will unite into one.这两家公司将合并成一家。/ The whole family united to help him.全家齐心协力帮助他。5.worth,worthy(1)worth adj.价值……的 a car worth $20000 价值2万美元的一辆小汽车 How much is this bicycle worth? It's worth £50.be worth doing 值得一做 It isn't worth waiting for him.(值得……的)(2)worthy adj.有价值的;配得上的;可尊敬的(常作表语,其后常跟被动语态动词不定式或of加名词或被动语态动名词)值得……的;应该……的
a worthy life 有价值的生活 a worthy man 高尚的人
a man worthy of praise(to be praised)值得称赞的人 acts worthy of punishment 应该受处分的行为
She says she helps only the worthy poor.她说她只帮助那些值得她去帮助的穷人(不包括那些她认为好吃懒做等不配取得帮助的人)。6.believe, believe in, trust 三者均有“相信”的意思。believe指“相信某人(所说的话)”。I don't believe what she says.believe 后可跟 that 从句,表示“相信,认为”。He firmly believes that I can do it well alone.believe in 表示“信任,信仰(真理、宗教、原则等)”。The western people mostly believe in God.trust 指“相信(某人的品德、为人、能力等)”。I don't trust him.(= I don't believe in him.)☆短语归类☆ 2.as far as I know as far as I know = as far as I am concerned 就我所知
They returned at nine, as far as we know.据我所知,他们是九点返回的。As far as I know, he is still working there.就我所知,他还在那儿工作。
as far as I can see 据我看As far as I can see, the wea-ther is not likely to clear up.据我看,天气不大可能放晴。【考点4】in + 名词 + of ① in the eyes of 在……心目中;在……看来 ② in terms of 就……而言;根据 ③ in the area of 在……领域 ④ in time of 在……的时候
⑤ in honor of 为纪念;为向……表示敬意 ⑥ in case of 万一
[例句] You are only a child in the eyes of your teacher.在老师眼里你只是个孩子。Many of the scientists and engineers are judged in terms of how great their achieve-ments are.人们往往从成就的大小来评价一些科学家和工程师。There have been many developments in the area of language teaching。语言教学领域有很多发展。
【考例4】As for Latin America generally,there is no reason why, ____ available resources, it cannot become a highly industrialized area.A.in terms of
B.by means of C.rather than
D.next to [考查目标] 此题主要考查短语辨义。
[答案与解析]A by means of 通过。rather than 而不是。next to 几乎;仅次于,除……之外。
9.be in love with sb.该短语意为“爱上某人”,其中的be可用fall替换,即fall in love with sb.也意为“爱上某人”。Henry was / fell in love with Mary.make love to sb.向某人示爱
15.may / might as well do 最好,还是做某事好,做某事也无妨 Since nobody else wants the job, we might as well let him have it.既然谁也不要这份工作,我们不妨让他去做吧。There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed.没事可做,是去睡觉也无妨。【考点5】含 mercy 的短语
① have mercy on / upon 对……表示同情(怜悯)② show mercy to sb.怜悯/同情某人 ③ beg for mercy 乞求宽恕
④ at the mercy of 任……摆布;在……掌握中 ⑤ leave...to the mercies of 让……受……的摆布 ⑥ throw...on one's mercy 请求……宽恕 ⑦ without mercy 无情地
[例句]They had no mercy on the prisoners.他们对犯人毫不留情。They showed little mercy to the enemies.他们对敌人毫不怜悯。He went down on his knees and begged for mercy.他跪下来乞求宽恕。I shouldn't like to be at the money of such a cruel man.我不愿任由这样凶残人的摆布。The slaves were left to the mercies of their master.奴隶们受尽了主人的虐待。He threw himself on my mercy.他请求我宽恕他。He was treated without mercy.他受到虐待。
▲友情提示:mercy 在以上短语中使用时,常作不可数名词(但第⑤个短语除外)。【考例5】She is a kind-hearted woman and often has mercy ____ these who are in trouble.A.a;for
B.不填;on C.some;to D.much;with [考查目标]此题主要考查短语的介词搭配问题。
[答案与解析]B
have mercy on / upon 是固定短语,只能使用介词 on 或upon。另外,短语中的mercy是不可数名词,前面不可加不定冠词。
10.on one condition该介词短语意为“规定一个条件”。He allowed me to do it on one condition.on condition that 这是一短语连词(=only if),引导条件状语从句。I'll give you the day off on condition that you work on Saturday morning.【考点1】pay 短语 ① pay back 偿还;报复
② pay for 付……的钱;为……付代价 ③ pay off 还清;付完丁资后解雇;成功
[例句] Have l paid you back the $20 you lent me? 你借给我的20美元我还给你了吗? He paid me back by not coming.他采用不来的办法报复我。Before he pays he likes to know what he's paying for.在付钱时,他喜欢知道他要付什么钱。He paid dearly for his careless slip.他为自己粗心的失误付出了巨大的代价。Our plan certainly paid off;it was a great idea.我们的计划当然成功了,那是个很好的主意。When the building was completed, he paid off the laborers.大楼建好后,他付完工人的工资,打发他们离开。▲ 辨析:pay back 还给。只说归还,但不谈还清与否;而pay off是还清了。【考例1】It's high time the sum was paid ____ to the bank with interest.A.for
B.off
C.back
D.on [考查目标]此题主要考查短语辨义。
[答案与解析]C
正确分析各选项的意义。题意是:到向银行还本付息的时候了。
8.be seated(= sit down)意为“坐下”,是正式用语,而sit down 是非正式用语。Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen.14.tend 常与to连用 vt.有……的趋势,有某种倾向People under stress tend to express their full range of potential./ He tends to pitch the ball too high.[牛刀小试2] 1.After three years of hard work,they had at last paid ____ all the money they had borrowed.A.for
B.off
C.on
D.back 2.Mr.Stevens kept ____ of his business by telephone when he was in hospital.A.relation
B.connection
C.information D.track 3.He ____ his collar to stop the cold wind.How he wished he were sitting in a warm room!A.put up
B.picked up C.tore up
D.pulled up 4.The wealth of a country should be measured in ____ of the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.A.terms
B.charge C.time
D.honor 5.They were lost at sea, ____ the mercy of winds and waves.A.in
B.on
C.at
D.under ☆句型诠释☆
1.Next to him lay a cushion, upon which the man could work metal.本句前半句为倒装句。正常的语序为A cushion lay next to him,倒装的目的是为了强调地点状语。In front of my house stands a tall tree which can be seen from far away./ At the foot of the hill lies a large lake. 2.“……就……”英语表达法(1)as soon as 归纳:
as soon as 引出的时间状语从句既可以放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,表示它所指的动作发生在另一分句所指的动作之前。as soon as 可以与动词的一般现在时,一般过去时或完成时态连用,主句的动词使用相应的动词现在时,过去时或将来时。He started as soon as he received the news.他一得到消息就出发了。As soon as he had got into the car, I said “good morning” to him in French and he replied in the same language.他一上车,我就用法语向他道了声早安,他也用法语作了回答。
(2)hardly / scarcely / barely...when / before...no sooner...than...归纳:
注意搭配关系:hardly / scarcely / barely和no sooner不可以放在when / before和than之后。hardly / scarcely / barely和no sooner否定
词位于句首时,句中的主语和谓语必须部分倒装。hardly / scarcely / barely和no sooner引导的是主句,表示它的动作发生在从句之前,故常用过去完成时;而when / before和than引导的从句只能与一般过去时连用。该句型含惊奇之意。Mrs Winthrop had no sooner left the room than they began to gossip about her.温思罗太太刚离开房间,他们就议论起她来了。Scarcely / Hardly / Barely had he begun to speak when I sensed that he was in trouble.他刚一开口,我就感到他遇到麻烦事了。No sooner had we set out than a thunderstorm broke.我们一动身就遇上了大雷雨。
(3)the moment / the instant 归纳:名词短语the moment / instant / minute / second 和副词immediately / directly 可以用做连词,相当于as soon as,引导的是时间状语从句;从句既可放在句首,也可放在句中。The moment I saw him, I knew that there was no hope.一见到他,我就知道没希望了。The instant you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise.你一出帐篷,便会大吃一惊。We will leave the minute you're ready.你一准备好,我们就走。She returned immediately she heard the bad news.她一听到这个坏消息,就返了回来。I left directly the clock struck twelve.钟一敲十二点我就离开了。
(4)on + 动名词(或表示动作的名词)归纳:动名词(或名词)结构表示它所表达的动作刚一发生或完成,句子谓语所表示的动作就接着发生。它相当于as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train.他们一到英国便乘火车去水晶宫。He was greeted by the Prime Minister on his arrival at the airport.他一到机场,便受到总理的欢迎。
另外,each time,every time 如同上面四种类型一样,可直接用作从属连词,引导状语从句。Every time I listen to his advice, I get into trouble.我每次听了他的劝告,都会遇到麻烦。I'll think of my hometown each time I listen to that song.我每次听这首歌,都会想起家乡。3.as...as...与比较级的用法
(1)...as + 形容词(副词)原级 + as...;not as / so + 形容词(副词)原级 + as...I study as hard as you.我学习和你一样努力。He doesn't get up as / so early as his parents.他起床没有他父母亲早。
(2)……倍数 + as + 形容词(副词)原级 + as...Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CD.= Line AB is twice longer than / 3 times the length of Line CD.线段AB是线段CD的三倍长。
(3)as + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + as;as + 形容词 + 复数名词 + as I haven't got as much money as I thought.我的钱没有我想像的那么多。
(4)as much / many as 多达……,……那么多This factory produces as much as 100 tons of steel a day.这家工厂每天产铁 100 吨。As many as 700 different languages are spoken in Africa.在非洲人们所说的语言多达700多种。5.x times + n.通过结构,应掌握英语里表示倍数的表达句型。A is x times the size(height, length, width...)of B.A is x times as big(high, long, wide...)as B. A is x times + adj.-er than B.The size(height, length, width...)of A is x times that of B.The meeting-room is three times the size of our office.= The size of the meeting-room is three times that of our office.三倍以下通常用double或者twice来表达两倍。His weight is double what it was ten years ago./ This railway is twice longer than that one./ The room is twice the size of that one.= This room is twice as big as that one.☆句型归纳☆
【考点1】As far as I know...据我所知……
as far as是连词,本意为“和……一样远”。引申意为“就 ……(程度,范围)而言,至于,尽……”。类似的还有:as long as“和……一样长”。“只要”;as good as“和……一样好”。“实际上,事实上,和……几乎一样”;as well as “和……一样好”,“既……又……,不但……而且……”。例如:As far as I know, he isn't coming to the party.就我所知,他不会来参加这次聚会。As far as he is concerned, he can't afford such an expensive car.就他而青,他买不起这么贵的汽车。
【考例1】(2004北京、安徽)____ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.A.As long as
B.As far as
C.Just as D.Even if [考查目标] 本题考查连词的用法。
[答案与解析]B 选项A中的 as long as 表示“只要”;选项B中的 as far as 跟其后的I can see 一起表示“据我看,据我所知”;选项 C 中的Just as表示“就在……时”;选项D中的Even if表示“即使”。
【考点2】lf you offered me six times what you have just offered, I would still take my pound of flesh.如果你给我已经支付的六倍的钱。我还是要拿走我的那磅肉。倍数的表达方式有如下几种:
① A + be + 倍数 + the + 长(宽、高)的名词形式 + of + B。例如:
The new building is four times the size of the old one.新房的面积是旧房的四倍。
② A + be + 倍数 + 形容词或副词的比较级 + than + B。例如: The sun is a million times larger than the earth.太阳比地球大100万倍。③ A + be或其他动词 + 倍数 + as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as + B。例如:The car runs three times as fast as I walk.汽年行驶的速度是我走路的三倍。
【考例2】(2004全国卷 III)It is reported that the United States use ____ energy as the whole of Europe.A.as twice
B.twice much C.twice much as
D.twice as much [考查目标]本题考查倍数的表达方式。
[答案与解析]D
表示倍数的名词要放在as...as的前面。
【考点3】We can find several such ideas in Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice.在莎士比亚的作品《威尼斯商人》中。我们可以找到好些这样的理念。
在本句中find表示“找到,发现,发觉,感到”,后接名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语等作宾语补足语。例如:Tom has found his short-wave radio very helpful.汤姆发觉短波收音机很有用。Jim found it hard to take the crowded bus.吉姆觉得很难搭上拥挤不堪的公车。
【考例3】(NMET 2003)A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.A.smoke
B.smoking C.to smoke
D.smoked [考查目标]本题考查find后接宾语补足语的用法。
[答案与解析]B find后接现在分词作宾语补足语时,表示动作正在进行;接过去分词作宾语补足语时,表示动作的“完成和被动”。根据语境可知,厨师在厨房抽烟要被开除,但是要抓住把柄.只能是他“正在抽烟”。
【考点4】For trade and cultural links as well as life in Britain and the construction of a building such as Stone-henge。people in the Bronze Age must have had knowledge about certain things and certain fields of science.鉴于贸易与文化的联系及英国生活和像巨石阵的建筑结构。青铜时代的人一定了解很多事情并对一些科学领域有所涉及。
must可以用来表示对事情的肯定的推测:对现在的推测用must + 原形动词,对过去发生的事情的推测用must + have done。如果把握不大,则可用may / might + 原形动词表示对现在的推测,用may / might + have done 表示对过去的推测。而can / could + 原形动词(表示对现在的推测)以及can / could + have done(表示对过去的推测)一般用于否定或疑问句。例如:It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he may have had a hand in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones.可能这个巨石王和这些石头有关系:他可能参与策划建立这个纪念碑,或者帮助运输和竖起巨石。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.地上是湿的,昨晚一定下雨了。
【考例4】(2003上海)My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who ____ have taken it? A.should
B.must
C.could
D.would [考查目标]本题考查不同的情态动词在推测(或猜测)句型中,分别表示不同把握(或语气)程度的区别。
[答案与解析]C
should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上来做”;must have done 表示“一定做了某事”;could have done表示“可能做了某事”,同时,could用于疑问句;would have done表示“应该会做某事”。根据上下文语境“我的英汉词典不见了”,可知“可能会是谁拿走的呢?” [牛刀小试3] 1.--Excuse me, is this the right way to the Summer Palace?--Sorry.I’m not sure.But it ____ be.(2004 湖北)A.might
B.will
C.must
D.can 2.My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday after-noon so he ____ your lecture.(2002 上海)A.couldn't have attended
B.needn't have attended C.mustn't have attended
D.shouldn't have attended 3.Michael ____ be a policeman, for he is much too short.(1994 上海)A.needn't B.can't
C.should
D.may 4.The WTO cannot live up to its name ____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.(NMET 2000)A.as long as
B.while
C.if
D.even though 5.Americans eat ____ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.(2002 上海春招)
A.more than twice
B.as twice as many C.twice as many as
D.more than twice as many 6.After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for ____ an hour, thinking of her young and happy days.(2003 上海春招)A.as tong as
B.as soon as C.as much as
D.as many as 7.We advertised for pupils last autumn, and got ____ 60.(1998 上海)A.more than B.more of C.as much as D.so many as 8.You'll find this map of great ____ in helping you to get round London.(NMET 1998)A.price
B.cost
C.value
D.usefulness 【交际速成】
【考点1】如何用英语表达失望(2005名校示范卷)--Give me two tickets for the 8 : 00 show.--The 8 : 00 show tickets are sold out.--____.A.Thank you.B.Why didn't you keep one for me? C.What a shame!
D.Never mind.[答案与解析]C 这道题考查的是英语中失望的表达方式。根据上下文可知。一方想“买两张演出票”,而对方却说“票卖完了”,那么买票方的反应会是“真可惜!(C项)”而不可能是“谢谢(A项)”、或质问对方“为什么不给我留票?(B项)”或“没关系(D项)”。故只有C项正确。【归纳】人在生活中经常会遇到让人失望的事情,在英 语中用来表达失望的方式有:
① What a shame!
② What a pity!③ It's a pity / shame that...④ Everybody will be disappointed..例如:It's a pity that you missed yesterday's football game.It was exciting.你错过了昨天的足球赛真是太可惜了,很精彩的。
【考点2】怎样用英语表达因没弄明白或是出于好奇而“想知道”--Paul, I'd like to have a talk with you at tea break.--____ Have what with me? A.Yes, please.B.Sorry? C.Thanks.D.You're welcome.[答案与解析]B 这道题考查的是对别人说话的反应。根据上下文可知,一方“喝茶时想跟你谈谈”.而对方没有听清楚(“要跟我做什么?”),所以应说声“对不起”。故只有B项正确。
【归纳】常见的表达因没弄明白或是出于好奇而“想知道”的方式还有: ① I wonder what / who--
② I'm curious to...③ I wonder if / whether
④ I'm curious about...⑤ I really want to know...⑥ I'd love to know...⑦ What I'd really like to find out is...⑧ I'd like to know more about...例如:I'd like to know more about it.我想了解更多。--You can surf the Internet or go to visit it yourself.你可以去网上查查或亲自去看看。[牛刀小试4] 1.--What's your head teacher like?--____.(2005 名校示范卷)A.He looks like my father B.He is an excellent teacher C.He likes music very much D.He works very hard 2.--I just heard that the tickets for tonight's show have been sold out.--Oh no!____.(2005 名校示范卷)A.I was looking forward to that
B.It doesn't matter C.I knew it already D.It's not at all interesting 3.--I was going to organize a picnic but finally decided against it.--How could you do that? ____.(05名校示范)A.Everybody will be disappointed B.There's nothing to feel sorry about C.I think you deserve it D.Well, it all depends 4.--At lunchtime, I'd like to have a chat(闲谈)with you.--____ Have what with me? A.I apologize.B.Pardon? C.I see.D.Forgive me.5.--Why didn't you tell Ann the truth?--____.(2005 名校示范卷)A.Yes, I was afraid to be scolded by her B.No, but I wanted to C.But I did D.I always hate telling lies 6.--May I take your order now?--____.--OK.I'll come back in a few minutes.(05名校示范卷)A.Please bring us the bill B.No, everything is fine C.Yes, we would love to D.No, not yet.We need more time ☆精典题例☆
()1.____ you've got a chance, you might as well make fun use of it.A.Now that
B.After
C.Although D.As soon as 【解析】选A 本题的意思是“既然你已得到一次机会,你还是充分利用它为好”。可以看到,句中含有一个状语从句。now that = since意为“既然”。
()2.With the old stone bridge ____, a new steel one was going to be built there.A.torn down
B.tearing down C.was torn down
D.being torn down 【解析】选A 该题考查 with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 这一结构。tear down是“拆毁”的意思。bridge与tear down 是被动关系,因此tear down应用过去分词,即torn down。()3.While watching television, ____.(2005全国III)A.the doorbell rang
B.the doorbell rings C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings 【解析】选C 分词短语充当状语,其逻辑主语是句 子的主语。如果选A、B,watching的逻辑主语则是the doorbell。不符合逻辑。We heard the doorbell ring.其意是“我们听到铃声响了”,ring是宾语补足语。()4.It is known to all that ____ you exercise regularly, you won't keep good health.(2005重庆)A.unless B.whenever
C.although D.if 【解析】选A unless意思为“如果……不(if…not)。本题意思是“众所周知,要是你没有经常锻炼,你就不能保 持健康。”
()5.You didn't let me drive.If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.A.drove;didn't get B.drove;wouldn't get C.were driving;wouldn't get D.had driven;wouldn't have got 【解析】选D 含有if从句的虚拟语气表示过去发生 的事,从句用过去完成时,主句用过去将来完成时,即 would + have + 过去分词。这句话意思是:你不让我开 车。如果我们轮流开车,你不会那么累。
()6.He hurried t0 the station only ____ that the train had left.(2005广东)A.to have found
B.finding C.found
D.to find 【解析】选D only to do 在句中充当状语,表示“结果……,竟然发现……”。“结果发现火车已经离开了。”()7.The matter____ your fate cannot be taken for granted.A.relating to
B.related to C.relate to
D.to relate to 【解析】选B 该题考查动词relate用法。relate to “与…有关”,此处是过去分词作matter的后臵定语,相当于一个定语从句:The matter which / that is related to your fate...taken for granted“想当然”。由此句可以判断B正确答案。()8.If you keep on, you'll succeed ____.A.in time
B.at one time C.at the same time
D.on time 【解析】选A 该题考查介词短评的辨析。in time有“及时”之意,还有“迟早、总有一天”的含义,相当于sooner or later。其他选项均不合题意。
()9.I would love ____ to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go
B.to have gone C.going
D.having gone 【解析】选B 表达未曾实现的愿望。
()10.Little Jim should love ____ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken
B.to take C.being taken
D.taking 【解析】选A表示将来的意愿,little Jim是动词take的承受者,故应用不定式的被动式。
第四篇:五年级数学上册各单元重难点及复习资料
小学数学五年级上册单元知识点
第一单元《小数乘法》知识点
小数加减法的计算方法:计算小数加减法,要先把小数点对齐,然后按照整数加减法的法则进行计算。
1.小数乘整数意义:求几个相同加数的和的简便运算。
如:3.6×5表示5个3.6的和是多少或者3.6的5倍是多少。小数乘小数的意义:就是求这个数的几分之几是多少。
如:2.6×0.4就是求2.4的十分之四是多少。8.5×3.4就是求8.5的3.4倍是多少。
2.小数乘法的计算方法:计算小数乘法,先按整数乘法算出积(也就是末位要对齐),再看因数中一共有几位小数,就从积的右边起数出几位,点上小数点;乘得积的小数位数不够时,要在前面用0补足,再点小数点;小数末尾有0的要去掉。
3.一个数(0除外)乘大于1的数,积比原来的数大,一个数(0除外)乘小于1的数,积比原来的数小。
4.小数四则运算顺序跟整数是一样的:即有括号的要先算括号里的,没有括号的要先算乘除法,后算加减法,同级运算按照从左往右的顺序计算。
5.整数乘法的交换律、结合律、分配律,对于小数乘法也适用。6.小数点向右移:
小数点向右移动一位,小数就扩大到原数的10倍; 小数点向右移动两位,小数就扩大到原数的100倍;
小数点向右移动三位,小数就扩大到原数的1000倍;…… 小数点向左移:
小数点向左移动一位,小数就缩小到原数的 ; 小数点向左移动两位,小数就缩小到原数的 ; 小数点向左移动三位,小数就缩小到原数的 ;……
第二单元《小数除法》知识点
1.小数除法的意义:已知两个因数的积与其中的一个因数,求另一个因数的运算。
如:2.6÷1.3表示已知两个因数的积2.6与其中的一个因数1.3,求另一个因数 的运算。
2、小数除法的计算方法:(1)计算除数是整数的小数除法: 按整数除法的计算方法去除,商的小数点要和被除数的小数点对齐;
除到哪一位,商就写在哪一位的上面。整数部分不够除,商0,点上小数点,继续除;如果有余数,要添0再除。
⑵计算除数是小数的除法:
除数是小数,先要变整数,按照“三步走” ~ 一看二移三再算。一看:除数有几位小数;
二移小数点:把除数和被除数的小数点同时向右移动相同的位数(一看几位就移几位);当被除数的位数不够时,在被除数的末尾用0 补足;
三再算: 按照除数是整数的小数除法进行计算。3.取近似数的方法:
⑴取近似数的方法有三种,①四舍五入法 ②进一法 ③去尾法
⑵一般情况下,按要求取近似数时用四舍五入法,进一法、去尾
法在解决实际问题的时候选择应用。
⑶取商的近似数时,保留到哪一位,一定要除到那一位的下一位,然后用四舍五入的方法取近似数。
4.循环小数:一个数的小数部分,从某一位起,一个数字或者几个数字依次不断重复出现,这样的小数叫做循环小数。依次不断重复出现的数字,叫做这个循环小数的的循环节。
5.循环小数的表示方法:
一种是用省略号表示,要写出两个完整的循环节,后面标上省略号。如:0.3636…… 1.587587……
另一种是简写的方法:即只写出一组循环节,然后在循环节的第一个数字和最后一个数上面点上圆点。如:1.2, 0.354, 3.7312.6.有限小数:小数部分的位数是有限的小数,叫做有限小数。无限小数:小数部分的位数是无限的小数,叫做无限小数。
(无限小数包括无限循环小数和无限不循环小数,即循环小数一定是无限小数,无限小数不一定是循环小数)
第三单元《观察物体》知识点
1.从不同的角度观察物体,看到的形状可能是相同的,也可能是不同的;观察长方体或正方体时,从固定位置最多能看到三个面。
第四单元《简易方程》知识点
1.用字母表运算定律:
(1)加法交换律:两个数相加,交换加数的位置,和不变。字母表示:a+b=b+a(2)加法结合律:三个数相加,可以先把前两个数相加,再加上第三个数;或者先把后两个数相加,再加上第一个数,和不变。
字母表示:(a+b)+c=a+(b+c)(3)乘法交换律:两个数相乘,交换因数的位置,积不变。字母表示:a×b=b×a(4)乘法结合律:三个数相乘,可以先把前两个数相乘,再乘以第三个数,也可以先把后两个数相乘,再乘以第一个数,积不变。
字母表示:(a×b)× c = a×(b×c)(5)乘法分配律:① 两个数的和与一个数相乘,可以先把这两个数分别与这两个数相乘,再把积相加。
字母表示:(a+b)×c=a×c+b×c ② 两个数的差与一个数相乘,可以先把这两个数分别与这两个数相乘,再把积相减。字母表示:(a-b)×c=a×c-b×c
(乘法分配律:(a ± b)×c=a×c ± b×c)各类典型的简便算法题型:
⑴ 25 × 7.1 × 0.4 ⑵ 12.5 × 32 ⑶ 13.1 × 101 =(25×0.4)×7.1 = 12.5×(4×8)= 13.1×(100+1)= 10×7.1 =(12.5×8)×4 = 13.1×100+13.1×1 = 71 = 100×4 = 131+13.1 = 400 =144.1 ⑷ 13.1×101—13.1 ⑸13.1×9.9 ⑹17.9×9.21—7.9×9.21 = 13.1×(101—1)= 13.1×(10—0.1)= 9.21×(17.9—7.9)= 13.1× 100 = 13.1×10—13.1×0.1 = 9.21×10 = 1310 = 131—1.31 = 92.1 = 129.69 2.字母与字母之间的乘号可以省略不写,数字与字母之间的乘号也可以省略不写,但是一般把数字写在字母前面。
如 a×b = ab,3×a = 3a 3.用字母表示计算公式:
长方形的周长公式: C = 2(a + b)长方形的面积公式: S = ab 正方形的周长公式: C = 4a 正方形的面积公式:S = 4.读作:a的平方,表示:两个a相乘。如:2a表示:两个a相加,或者是2乘a。
5、①含有未知数的等式称为方程。
②使方程左右两边相等的未知数的值叫做方程的解。③求方程的解的过程叫做解方程。
6、常用的数量关系:(1)路程=速度×时间
速度=路程÷时间 时间=路程÷ 速度 ⑵ 总价=单价×数量
单价=总价÷数量 数量=总价÷ 单价(3)总产量=单产量 × 数量
单产量= 总产量÷ 数量 数量= 总产量÷ 单价
(4)工作总量=工作效率 × 工作时间
工作效率= 工作总量 ÷ 工作时间
工作时间= 工作总量÷工作效率
(5)大数-小数 = 相差数
大数-相差数 = 小数 小数 + 相差数 = 大数(6)一倍量×倍数=几倍量
几倍量÷倍数=一倍量 几倍量÷一倍量=倍数
(7)差=被减数-减数 被减数=减数+差 减数=被减数-差(8)和=加数+加数 加数=和-另一个加数
(9)积=因数×因数 因数=积÷另一个因数
(10)商=被除数÷除数 被除数=除数×商 除数=被除数÷商 7.等式的性质:
等式两边同时加上或减去同一个数,左右两边仍然相等; 等式两边同时乘以或除以同一个数(0除外)左右两边仍然相等。
8.列方程解应用题的步骤:(1)弄清题意,找出未知数,用x 表示;(2)分析并找出数量之间的等量关系,列出方程;(3)解出方程(方程中,得数后面不用写单位);(4)检验答案,写“答”。
通常设要求的量为 x,但是如果要求的问题有两个, 如 …和…分别(各有)多少?
题目中的已知条件一般会出现: …是…的…倍,看清楚: “是谁的几倍”,就假设谁为 x。
例如:果园里一个有苹果树和梨树180课,苹果树的棵树是梨树的2倍。苹果树和梨树分别有多少棵?
解:设梨树有x 棵,那么苹果树有2x 棵。x + 2x = 180(1+2)x = 180 运用:乘法分配律
x = 180 x = 180 ÷ 3 x = 60 苹果树: 2x=2×60=120 答:苹果树有120棵,梨树有60棵。
第五单元 《多边形面积》知识点
1.长方形面积=长×宽 字母公式: S = ab 长方形周长=(长+宽)×2 字母公式:C= 2(a+b)2.正方形周长=边长×4 字母公式:C= 4a 或者C= a×4 3.平行四边形面积=底×高 字母公式:S= ah 4.三角形面积=底× 高÷2 字母公式:S= ah÷2 梯形面积=(上底+下底)×高÷2 字母公式:S=(a+b)h ÷ 2 6.计算圆木、钢管等的根数:(顶层根数+底层根数)×层数 ÷2 7.等底等高的平行四边形面积相等; 等底等高的三角形面积相等。等底等高的三角形和平行四边形面积关系:三角形的面积是平行四边形面积的一半,平行四边形的面积是三角形面积的2倍。
8.计算组合图形面积的方法:把组合图形分割或添补成几个简单的平面图形,再求这些简单图形面积的和或差。
例1: 一个三角形的面积是20平方厘米,高是5厘米,它的底是多少厘米?
思路分析:以三角形的面积公式为等量关系式列方程解答。解:设它的底是x 厘米。5x ÷ 2 = 20 5x = 20 × 2 5x = 40 x = 40 ÷ 5 x = 8
答:它的底是8厘米。
例2:一个梯形的上底是12厘米,下底是18厘米,它的面积是135平方厘米,这个梯形的高是多少厘米? 思路分析:以梯形的面积公式为等量关系式列方程解答。解:设这个梯形的高是x厘米。(12+18)x
= 135(自己做)÷
第六单元《统计与可能性》知识点
1.平均数 = 总数量÷总份数
2.中位数的含义:将一组数据按从大到小(或从小到大)的顺序排列,处在最中间位置的那个数据叫做中位数。
3.求中位数的方法:
(1)数据为单数个:把数据按从大到小(或从小到大)的顺序排列,处在最中间的那个数是中位数。
(2)数据为双数个:把数据按从大到小(或从小到大)的顺序 排列,最中间的两个数据的平均数是中位数。
中位数的优点: 不受偏大或偏小数据的影响,用它代表全体数据的一般水平更合适。
第七单元 数学广角
数不仅可以用来表示数量和顺序,还可以用来编码。(1)邮政编码:六位阿拉伯数字组成。
前两位数字表示省(直辖市、自治区);前三位数字表示邮区;前四位数字表示县(市);最后两位数字表示投递局(所)。
(2)身份证号码:18位阿拉伯数字组成。
前1,2位数字表示:所在省份的代码; 第3,4位数字表示:所在城市的代码;第5,6位数字表示:所在区县的代码; 第7~14位数字表示:出生年月日;第15,16位数字表示:所在地区派出所的代码;第17位数字表示性别:单数 表示 “男性”;双数 表示 “女性”。(也就是倒数第二位数字)第18位数字是校验码。
各类单位换算:
(1)长度单位换算:
1千米=1000米 1米=10分米 1分米=10厘米 1米=100厘米 1厘米=10毫米(2)面积单位换算:
1平方千米=100公顷 1公顷=10000平方米 1平方米=100平方分米
1平方分米=100平方厘米 1平方厘米=100平方毫米(3)体积单位换算:
1升=1000毫升(4)重量单位换算:
1吨=1000 千克 1千克=1000克 1千克=1公斤
(5)人民币单位换算: 1元=10角 1角=10分 1元=100分(6)时间单位换算:
1世纪=100年 1年 = 12月 大月(31天)有:135781012月 小月(30天)的有: 46911月平年2月28天,平年全年365天, 闰年2月29天,闰年全年366天
1日=24小时 1小时=60分 1分=60秒 1时=3600秒
例题: 0.2小时=(12)分钟 ← 1小时=60分,0.2×60 = 12
5300平方米=(0.53)公顷 ← 1公顷=10000平方米,5300÷10000=0.53 5.2升=(5200)毫升 ← 1升=1000毫升,5.2 × 1000 = 5200 20平方分米=(0.2)平方米 ← 1平方米=100平方分米,20 ÷ 100 =0.2
“0”的特性
1.“0”不能做除数;
2.一个数加上0还得原数; 字母表示:a+0= a 3.一个数减去0还得原数; 字母表示:a-0= a 4.被减数等于减数,差是0; 字母表示:a-a = 0 5.一个数和0相乘,仍得0; 字母表示:a×0= 0 6.0除以任何非0的数,还得0; 字母表示:0÷a(a≠0)= 0
第五篇:大学英语重难点总结
大学英语《四》的学习重点难点,请大家认真复习。
一.词汇四级词汇量以及一些常用的词组
二.口语要开始口语的练习
三.语法
1.名词名词复数的规则变化其它名词复数的规则变化名词复数的不规则变化不可数名词量的表示定语名词的复数不同国家的人的单复数名词的格
2.冠词和数词不定冠词的用法定冠词的用法零冠词的用法冠词与形容词+名词结构冠词位置数词
3.代词人称代词的用法人称代词之主、宾格的替换代词的指代问题并列人称代词的排列顺序物主代词双重所有格反身代词相互代词指示代词疑问代词关系代词
4.形容词和副词形容词及其用法以-ly结尾的形容词用形容词表示类别和整体多个形容词修饰名词的顺序副词及其基本用法兼有两种形式的副词形容词与副词的比较级as+形容词或副词原级+as比较级形容词或副词+than可修饰比较级的词many,old和farthe+最高级+比较范围
和more有关的词组
5.动词系动词什么是助动词助动词be的用法助动词have的用法助动词do 的用法助动词shall和will的用法助动词should,would的用法短语动词非谓语动词
6.动名词动名词作主语、宾语和表语worth 的用法
7.动词不定式不定式作宾语不定式作补语不定式主语It's for sb/It's of sb不定式作表语不定式作定语不定式作状语用作介词的to省to 的动词不定式动词不定式的否定式不定式特殊句型too…to…不定式特殊句型so as to不定式特殊句型Why not不定式的时态和语态动名词与不定式
8.分词分词作定语分词作状语连词+分词(短语)分词作补语分词作表语分词作插入语分词的时态分词的语态
9.动词的语态let 的用法短语动词的被动语态表示“据说”或“相信”的词组不用被动语态的情况
主动形式表示被动意义被动形式表示主动意义need/want/require/worth
10.动词的时态一般现在时的用法一般过去时的用法used to/be used to一般将来时be going to/willbe to和be going to一般现在时表将来用现在进行时表示将来现在完成时比较过去时与现在完成时用于现在完成时的句型比较since和forsince的四种用法延续动词与瞬间动词过去完成时用一般过去时代替完成时将来完成时现在进行时不用进行时的动词过去进行时将来进行时一般现在时代替将来时一般现在时代替过去时一般现在时代替完成时一般现在时代替进行时现在进行时代替将来时时态一致时态与时间状语
11.句子的种类句子的种类感叹句结构强调句结构用助动词进行强调反意疑问句
12.倒装倒装句之全部倒装倒装句之部分倒装以否定词开头作部分倒装so,either,nor作部分倒装only在句首要倒装的情况
as,though引导的倒装句其他部分倒装
13.主谓一致并列结构作主语谓语用复数主谓一致中的靠近原则谓语动词与前面的主语一致谓语需用单数指代意义决定谓语的单复数与后接名词或代词保持一致
14.虚拟语气真实条件句非真实条件句混合条件句虚拟条件句的倒装特殊的虚拟语气词:shouldwish的用法比较if only与only ifIt is(high)time thatneed“不必做”和“本不该做”
15.名词性从句引导名词性从句的连接词名词性that-从句名词性wh-从句if,whether引导的名词从句否定转移
16.定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句介词+关系词as,which非限定性定语从句先行词和关系词二合一what/whatever/that...关系代词that的用法
17.状语从句地点状语从句方式状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句比较while, when, as
比较until和till表示“一…就…”的结构
18.连词并列连词与并列结构比较and和or表示选择的并列结构表示转折或对比表原因关系比较so和 such
19.情态动词情态动词的语法特征比较can 和be able to比较may和might比较have to和mustmust表示推测表示推测的用法情态动词+have+过去分词should和ought tohad better表示最好would rather表示“宁愿”will和would情态动词的回答方式带to的情态动词比较need和dare