最新版六级资料翻译答案50篇

第一篇：最新版六级资料翻译答案50篇

Topic 1 文化概述

在中国五千年的文明史上，中国人有无数的发明和创造，如汉字、中医、丝绸、瓷器(porcelain)、指南针、造纸术、印刷术和火药(gunpowder)。这些独特的发明和创造是中国人对世界文明的伟大贡献，证明中华民族是一个富于原创性的民族。与此同时，中国人又有一种开放的胸怀，欢迎远方来的朋友，并以极高的热情吸收和包容外来的文化。大唐盛世和明代郑和七下西洋都表明，中华文明具有开放性和包容性。Over a history of 5 000 years, Chinese people have produced numerous inventions.These unique inventions, including Chinese characters, traditional Chinese medicine, silk, porcelain, compass, papermaking, printing and gunpowder, are significant contributions Chinese made to the global civilization, proving that the Chinese nation is full of creativity.In the meanwhile, the Chinese people have always kept an open mind toward foreign friends and absorbed foreign cultures with great enthusiasm.Both the prosperity of Tang Dynasty and Zheng He’s seven long voyages to the West Seas in Ming Dynasty demonstrate the openness and inclusiveness of Chinese culture.Topic 2 四大发明

说到中国古代的科技文明，就不能不说四大发明（the Four Great Inventions）。人们普遍认为，指南针、火药(gunpowder)、造纸术和印刷术的发明对中国古代的政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用；并且，这些发明经由各种途径传至西方，也影响着世界的文明进程。从历史发展的角度来看，中国古代的四大发明是为人类社会生活带来革命性变化的科学发明，这是中国人对世界文明的伟大贡献。中国的四大发明在人类科学文化史上留下了灿烂的一页，推动了人类历史的前进。

When it comes to science and technology in ancient China, the Four Great Inventions, including compass, gunpowder, papermaking and printing, should always be discussed.It is commonly believed that the Four Great Inventions have promoted the development of politics, economy and culture of ancient China dramatically;moreover, these inventions have a great impact on the civilization of the world since they have been introduced into the Western world in various ways.From the perspective of historical development, the Four Great Inventions of ancient China are scientific inventions that bring revolutionary changes to the social life of human beings, which are great contributions Chinese made to the civilization of the world.The Four Great Inventions of ancient China are brilliant in the history of human science and culture and promote the progress of human history.Topic 3 长

城

说到中国文化，不得不提到长城。从公元前 7世纪到公元 16世纪，在大约2 200 年的时间里，先后有19个朝代修建过长城，所修的长城累计有10万千米以上。主要的长城修建工程是在秦代、汉代和明代。现今存有遗迹的主要是明长城，从东边人海口的山海关(Shanhai Pass)开始，一直到沙漠深处的嘉峪关(Jiayu Pass)，全长6 700 千米。长城是世界历史上最伟大的工程，其建造时间之长、参与人数之多、工程难度之大，在世界上无出其右。

When it comes to Chinese culture, the Great Wall is the one that will be definitely referred to.From the 7th century BC to the 16th century, through about 2 200 years, the Great Wall was built in 19 dynasties and reached a length of more than 100 000 kilometers.Major construction was carried out in Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties.The Great Wall we visit nowadays is mainly the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty, stretching 6 700 kilometers from Shanhai Pass on the eastern seashore to Jiayu Pass in the depth of desert.The Great Wall is the greatest project in the history of the world for its unparalleled span of construction, number of labors and difficulty.Topic 4 移民现象

现在，很多人选择在国外生活，这引起了人们极大的关注。越来越多的人，特别是大量知识分子(intellectual)，移民到美国、英国和加拿大等发达国家。并且，很多在国外学习和工作的人都在为“绿卡”而奋斗。造成这种现象的原因有很多，其中，追求高质量的生活是关键。再者，这些人中大多数人移居国外是想让孩子在那儿接受良好的教育。此外，一些人只是想体验他们所喜欢的异域文化。以上这些就是造成他们决定移居他国的原因。

Nowadays many people choose to live in a foreign country, which has aroused great concern.More and more people, especially plenty of intellectuals, migrate to some developed countries, such as America, Britain and Canada.In addition, there are still many people studying and working in foreign countries struggling for green cards.There are many reasons accounting for this phenomenon.Among all these factors, pursuing high-quality life plays a critical role.Moreover, most of them migrate to some foreign countries with a view to making their children Receive good education there.Besides, some people just want to experience the foreign culture they like.All these above factors contribute to their choice to migrate to another country.Topic 5 中国汉字

近年来，随着经济的快速增长，中国的国际影响力提升了，世界上学汉字的人也多了起来。这套独特的符号系统积淀了丰富的历史文化内容，西方人在学汉字的过程中甚至能体会到这个东方民族的微妙心灵。如今在中国，汉字也越来越受到人们的重视。人们发现，这一文字符号包含着丰富的文化内涵和审美意蕴，在科技飞速发展的今天，反而越来越显示出它的光彩。古老的文字在现代的文化生活中焕发出新的魅力。

With its rapid economic development in recent years, China’s international influence has greatly increased, so the number of Chinese character learners across the world has been on the rise.This unique symbol system accumulates the rich historical and cultural content in it.When Western people learn Chinese characters, they may even understand the delicate thoughts of this oriental nation.Nowadays, great importance is attached to Chinese characters in China.It is found that the glamour of these character symbols with rich cultural and aesthetic connotation is greatly shown especially in the current society with rapid scientific development.These ancient characters are revitalized in modern civilization.Topic 6 郑和下西洋

公元 1405 年 7月11日，地球蓝色的海洋上出现了一支庞大的船队，前后有208 艘船，这是有史以来最大的一支船队，船上所载的各类人员有27 500多人，也是有史以来最多的航海人员。船队由一位叫郑和的人统帅。船队带着中国这个古老国家的瓷器、丝绸、茶叶等数不尽的珍奇，穿越南海、马六甲海峡(the Strait of Malacca)，横跨印度洋，到达亚洲、非洲的很多国家。在此后的28 年间，郑和一共六次下西洋，随船人员共计10万多人，访问了30多个国家。

On July 11, 1405, a huge fleet consisting of 208 ships appeared on the blue sea of the earth.It was the greatest fleet with more than 27 500 crews that the world had ever seen.The Commander of this fleet was Zheng He.Carrying porcelain, silk, tea and other numerous Treasures from China, a country with a long history, the fleet passed through the South China Sea and the Strait of Malacca, traversed the Indian Ocean and arrived at many countries in Asia and Africa.Over the next 28 years, Zheng He led six more fleets with crew members adding up to more than 100 000 people, and visited more than 30 countries.Topic 7中国艺术

中国人创造了很多独特的艺术形式，如纯净的瓷器，千古传诵的唐诗(Tang poetry)，以演员表演为中心的京剧等。这些艺术形式呈现了中国人的心灵世界，显现了中国人独特的美感，成为展示中国人生命力和创造力的窗口，具有永恒的魅力。中国人将艺术当作提升生活品质、慰藉(soothe)心灵的媒介，艺术是中国人人生哲学的延伸。中国的艺术传统是一部记载着中国人生活品位和美感世界的活的图画，反映出中国人的优雅心态。The Chinese have created many unique forms of art, such as pure porcelain, enduring Tang poetry and actor-centered Peking Opera, etc.These art forms with eternal charm reveal the inner world of the Chinese people, demonstrate their unique sense of aesthetics and become the windows that show the vitality and creativity of Chinese people.The Chinese regard art as a way to enhance the quality of life and to soothe the mind.Art is an extension of the Chinese philosophy of life.Chinese art tradition is a vivid picture of Chinese people’s lifestyle and aesthetics, reflecting Chinese elegance.Topic 8 中国园林

中国人建造园林有两干多年的历史，主要有皇家园林(imperial garden)、寺院园林和私家园林。现存的皇家园林，如北京颐和园，都是举世闻名的园林。中国的佛教和道教寺院也多建有园林，如杭州灵隐寺。在这中间，私家园林独具风味。今天，在江南(South“the Yangtze River)和长江沿岸的苏州、扬州等地所见的私家园林，多是明清两代留下的，它们如同一幅幅山水画(the landscape painting)，展现出独特的魅力。中国园林艺术有丰富独特的创造，是理解中华民族美感特点的一个重要领域.Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2 000 years ago, mainly including three styles of garden: the imperial garden, the temple garden and the private garden.The extant imperial gardens today, such as the Summer Palace in Beijing, are world-famous gardens.Many gardens were also built in China’s Buddhist and Taoist temples, such as the Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou.While among the Chinese gardens, the private gardens have a unique ambience.Scattered in South of the Yangtze River and Suzhou, Yangzhou and other places along the Yangtze River, the private gardens are mostly legacies from Ming and Qing Dynasties.They resemble the landscape paintings with distinctive charm.Rich and unique creativity could be found in Chinese gardens, which is an important field to understand Chinese aesthetics.Topic 9 中国诗歌

中国是诗的国度。尤其到了唐代，中国古典诗歌进人了全盛时期(heyday)。唐代近三百年间，涌现出了大批优秀诗人和杰出的诗歌作品。唐代诗歌数量极大，题材广泛，意象(image)和风格多样化，出现了大量思想性和艺术性完美结合的作品。唐诗是中国人的千古绝唱。唐代的伟大诗人不胜枚举，其中李白、杜甫、王维因其诗歌所蕴含的中国文化的意味和情趣而最具代表性。

China is a country of poetry.Especially in Tang Dynasty, Chinese classical poetry reached its Heyday.During the nearly three-hundred-year reign of Tang Dynasty, large numbers of excellent poets and outstanding poems mushroomed.Poetry of Tang Dynasty featured large quantities, wide themes and diversified images and styles, and many masterpieces with perfect combination of great thoughts and artistry emerged.Poetry of Tang Dynasty is Chinese eternal legacies.Li Bai, Du Fu and Wang Wei are the representatives of great poets of Tang Dynasty due to the unique meaning and temperament of Chinese culture in their poems.Topic 10 茶馆文化

中国很多地区依然保留着传统的茶馆文化，尤其是在四川省的省会成都，茶馆遍布城市的各个角落：路边、桥下、公园里，甚至寺院和其他历史景点。泡茶馆（relaxing in teahouse）是当地市民最喜欢的消遣方式之一。工作日的下午三点钟，茶馆里往往人满为患。当地人坐在古色古香的竹椅里，所用的茶具本身可能也是古董。服务人员托着一大堆茶具急匆匆地跑来跑去，将长嘴壶（long-spout kettle）里倒出来的水注满茶杯，为顾客冲泡最优质的茶叶。

Traditional teahouse culture still exists in many parts of China, especially in Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province.Teahouses are everywhere: on the sides of roads, under bridges, in the parks and even inside temples and other historical sites.Relaxing in teahouse is one of the favorite pastimes of the locals in Chengdu.A teahouse full to the brim-at three o’clock on a workday afternoon-is nothing out of the ordinary.Locals sit on quaint bamboo chairs and drink from traditional tea sets that could well be antiques in their own right.Teahouse waiters scurry around with trays of tea sets, and top up tea cups with hot water poured from long-spout kettles to brew up the high-quality tea for tea drinkers.Topic 11 京剧角色

“生、旦、净、丑”是京剧中的角色分类。“生”是男性正面角色，“旦”是女性正面角色，“净”是性格鲜明的男性配角(supporting role)，“丑”是幽默滑稽或反面角色。每种角色又有表明身份的险谱(facial make-up)、扮相(costume)等，只要演员一上场，你一看便知。在人的脸上涂上某种颜色以象征这个人的性格和品质、角色和命运，是京剧的一大特点，也是理解剧情的关键。简单地讲，红脸含有褒义，代表忠勇(valor)；黑脸为中性，代表猛(vigor)智；黄脸和白脸含贬义，代表凶诈。

Sheng, dan, jing, chou refer to different types of roles in Peking Opera.Sheng is the positive male role, dan is the positive female role, while jing is a supporting male role with a distinctive character and chou is the clown or a negative character.Each type of role has its own facial make-up and costume that expose its identity as soon as he/she appears on the stage.One major characteristic of Peking Opera is the color painted on the face of a character that shows personality, quality, role and fate.It is also the key to understanding the plot.To put it simply, red is appreciative, standing for loyalty and valor;black represents a neutral role, representing vigor and wisdom;yellow and white both suggest cunning, negative characters.Topic 12 羊

羊是一种本性温顺（docile）、易于管理的动物。从岩画（rock painting）上原始人镌刻的形态各异的羊形象中，我们可以看出人类与羊的亲善、和谐关系。羊为人们的生活或祭祀而牺牲，是“有义 personal loyalty之物”。羔羊似乎懂得母亲的艰辛与不易，所以吃奶时是跪着的。羔羊的“跪乳”被人们赋予了“孝顺”和“懂礼”的意义。据文献记载，人们很早就把羊的美德视为人的道德准则和榜样，这反映了人们对羊的精神感受和对羊的秉性的人格化概括。

The sheep is an animal that is docile in nature and easy to manage.From the sheep images of various shapes on the rock paintings carved by primitive men, we can see the good and harmonious relationship between human beings and sheep.Sheep sacrifice their lives for people’s living or worship, and therefore are deemed as embracing personal loyalty.The lamb seems to know the hardship of its mother, sucking the breast on bent knees.Such behavior is considered by people to have symbolic meanings of filial piety and courtesy.According to the documents, people have long regarded this morality of sheep as a moral code and example for human beings, which is a reflection of people’s feeling toward sheep and a personalized summary of sheep’s nature.Topic 13 联合国中文日

联合国中文日是联合国语言日的一部分。根据传说，仓颉(Cang Jie)创造了中国最原始的象形文字(hieroglyph)。上苍因仓颉造字而感动，为其降下一场谷子雨，这就是“谷雨”(the Grain Rain)的由来。中文日因此被定在每年中国农历的“谷雨”，以纪念汉字始祖仓颉。从2010 年开始，联合国每年都在中文日前后举行多种形式的庆祝活动。例如： 2014 年，纽约联合国总部以书画展、茶艺表演(tea-making performance)、歌曲演唱和书法讲座等形式庆祝中文日。

The Chinese Language Day is part of the UN Language Days.According to legend, Cang Jie created the original hieroglyph used in China.The Heaven was moved and rained grain in praise of him, which is the origin of the Grain Rain.As a result, the Chinese Language Day is set on the rain Rain according to the Chinese lunar calendar in memory of Cang Jie, the ancestor of the Chinese characters.Since 2010, the UN has been holding all kinds of celebrating activities around this day every year.For example, in 2014, the UN Headquarters in New York celebrated this day with painting and calligraphy exhibitions, tea-making performances, singing performances, calligraphy lectures, etc.Topic 14 筷子

筷子由两根长短相同的木棍组成，是中国的传统餐具(eating utensil)。筷子出现在三千多年前，它的出现不仅是中国烹饪文化的变革，也是人类文明的标志。此外，筷子在烹饪技巧的发展过程中也起着推动作用。如今，筷子不仅是一种餐具，还成为一种独特的文化形式，对于我们来说，筷子可以作为艺术品来欣赏、研究和收藏。筷子虽小，但仍被世界上许多人所推崇。一项有趣的实验表明，当你在使用筷子的时候，许多关节和肌肉都会得到锻炼。

Chopsticks, the traditional eating utensils in China, are a pair of equal length sticks.Chopsticks appeared more than three thousand years ago.The appearance of chopsticks is not only a revolution of Chinese cuisine culture, but also a symbol of human civilization.Besides, chopsticks have promoted the development of cooking techniques.Today, chopsticks not only area kind of tableware, but also have become a unique culture form, coming in front of us as a work of art for appreciation, research and collection.Chopsticks are small, but they are adored by many people in the world.An interesting experiment shows that many joints and muscles can be exercised when you use chopsticks.Topic 15 风

筝

风筝起源于中国，在这个国家，制作风筝的理想材料一应俱全：丝织品用来做帆，极具韧性的(high-tensile-strength)丝线可以制作风筝线，轻盈的骨架则由韧性十足的竹子制成。据说，风筝是墨子和鲁班在公元前 5世纪时发明的。在13世纪末期，马可·波罗首次将与风筝有关的故事介绍到欧洲。尽管风筝最初只被看作是珍奇物品(curiosity)，但自18世纪开始，风筝被用作科研工具。现在，风筝节已经成为一种流行的娱乐形式，最为著名的就是中国的潍坊风筝节。

Kites originated in China, where ideal materials for making kites were readily available: silk fabric for the sail;high-tensile-strength silk thread for the flying string;and resilient bamboo for the light framework.It is said that kites were invented by Mo Zi and Lu Ban in the 5th century BC.Stories of kites were first introduced to Europe by Marco Polo in the late 13th century.Although kites were initially regarded as curiosities, since the 18th century they have been used as a vehicle for scientific research.Now, kite festivals have become a popular form of entertainment, and the most famous one is China’s Weifang Kite Festival.Topic 16 铜

鼓

铜鼓（bronze drum）文化是远古时代在长江以南及东南亚的广大地区流行的一种典型文化代表。在古代，铜鼓多用于祭神、征战和节日活动。在祭神时，它是神圣的法器（artifact）；征战时，它是号令军队振作士气的军乐 器；在节日里，它又成为最激动人心的打击乐器（percussion instrument）。铜鼓给人们带来的不仅是精神层面的东西，它还有重要的实用价值。许多少数民族依然保留着在传统节日及婚娶和丧葬等场合使用铜鼓的习俗，The bronze drum was a kind of typical culture popularized in the wide area of South of the Yangtze River in China and Southeast Asia in ancient times.More often than not, it was used on such occasions as sacrifice ceremonies to gods, launching ceremonies for the war and festival activities.It was sacred artifact on the sacrifice ceremonies, military musical instrument transmitting orders to soldiers and reviving the morale in the war, exciting percussion instrument in festivals.In addition to its spiritual content, the bronze drum also benefits people with its important value of practical use.Many minority groups still adopt the tradition of playing the bronze drums on the occasions of traditional festivals, wedding ceremony, funeral ceremony, etc.Topic 17十二生肖之鼠

鼠相貌猥琐，鬼鬼祟祟，破坏力强，落得个“老鼠过街，人人喊打”的千古骂名。但它居于中国

三生肖(the twelve symbolic animals)之首，自古以来就令人不可思议。一个较为合理的解释是：鼠常在夜里23时至凌晨 1时四处活动，这是一天当中最黑暗的时候，老鼠此时出没便于隐藏行迹。由此看来，鼠昼伏夜出的（nocturnal）习性是使它能够在十二生肖中独占鳌头的主要原因，与其口碑不佳及相貌可鄙没有关系。

Rat looks mean and stealthy, and always causes mass destruction, winning it the notorious reputation for “A rat crossing the street is chased by all.” However, it ranks first among the twelve symbolic animals, which has always been a wonder since ancient times.A more reasonable explanation is;Rats often move around from 11 pm to 1 am, the darkest hours in a day that is convenient for the rats to hide themselves.Judging from this, the habit of being nocturnal is the main reason why rat is put in the first place in the twelve symbolic animals, which has nothing to do with its bad reputation or contemptible looks.Topic 18 中国寄宿幼儿园

20世纪90 年代，中国寄宿幼儿园(boarding kindergarten)的孩子数量达到顶峰，在当时送孩子去这样的学校是一种地位的象征。不过最近，这一体系不再像当初那样流行。一些私立和公立的(state-run)寄宿幼儿园都陆续关门，其他的幼儿园正在从寄宿变为日托。位于上海的中国福利协会幼儿园(The China Welfare Institute Kindergarten)以前是寄宿幼儿园，但现在22个班里只有3个寄宿班。中国家长现在开始意识到，孩子很小的时候要多花时间陪陪他们，这点很重要，因为孩子们正处于学习的阶段，这是成长过程中一个很重要的阶段。

The number of kids sent to boarding kindergartens in China peaked in the 1990s, when sending a young child to such schools was a symbol of status.Recently, however, the system has become less popular.Some boarding kindergartens, both private and state-run, are closing one after another.Others are switching from boarding classes to day care.The China Welfare Institute Kindergarten in Shanghai used to be a boarding kindergarten, but now in the 22 classes, only 3 classes for young children are residential.Chinese parents are now starting to realize that it’s important to spend more time with their kids when they are very young, because they are learning in this period and it’s a very important stage of growth.Topic 19 家庭观念

中国人重团圆、重亲情、讲孝道（filial piety），并强调家庭的和睦。中国人最期望的就是“家和万事兴”。当家庭中出现矛盾的时候，中国人最忌讳把这些矛盾暴露在外人面前，所以中国人常说“家丑不可外扬”。中国人在家庭中还特别重视父母、长辈的意见，“不听老人言，吃亏在眼前”便是强调长辈的经验对年轻人具有重要的作用。中国人还强调家庭教育对孩子人格形成的重要影响，常说“子不教，父之过”。Chinese people attach great importance to reunion, family love, filial piety and a harmonious relationship among the family members.What they expect most is “the family being in harmony and all affairs prosperous”.When there emerges a conflict in the family, it is a taboo for Chinese people to expose the problem to others.Therefore it is often said by Chinese people, “You’re your dirty linen at home.” In a Chinese family, the opinions of parents and the elders are greatly respected.It is often quoted, “You will suffer losses if you close your ears to the elders”, which reflects that the elders’ experience is of great importance to the younger generation.And Chinese people place emphasis on family education which is believed to have great influence on children’s character building, and this can be demonstrated by the proverb “Failing to educate the children is the fault of the father.“

Topic 20科举考试

科举考试（Keju）是中国古代人才选拔的一种方式。由于采用分科目选举人才的办法，所以叫作科举。隋炀帝于公元 605 年开设进士科，用考试的办法来选拔人才，这标志着科举制度的开始。它把读书、考试和做官三者紧密结合起来，揭开了中国人才选拔史上崭新的一页。唐朝承袭了隋朝的人才选拔制度，并进行了进一步的完善。因此，科举制度逐渐完备起来。科举考试实行了1 000多年，在实践中逐渐形成的一些较好的制度至今仍在我们的社会生活中发挥着作用。

Keju, or the imperial examination, is a means to select talents held in ancient China.It got its name since it adopted the method of selecting talents through a range of different subjects.In605 AD, Emperor Yang of Sui established the imperial examination system to select talents, which symbolized the official formation of Keju.The system interconnected learning, examination, and the selection of officials closely, opening up a new page in the annals of talents selection system.The Tang Dynasty followed and further improved the talents selection system of the Sui Dynasty.Consequently, the imperial examination system gradually became perfect.During the over 1 000 years’ implementation of the imperial examination, some good systems have been set up in practice, exerting an influence on our social life till today.Topic 21 造纸术

东汉(Eastern Han Dynasty)末年，蔡伦的造纸术被广泛应用。到了公元 3至5世纪的两晋时期(period of Eastern and Western Jin Dynasties)，人们开始在纸上写字，并由此发展出写在纸上的书法艺术。中国的造纸术先后传到了现在的越南、朝鲜和日本。公元 7世纪左右，又传到了印度。造纸术还通过陆上丝绸之路传到了西亚和欧洲。欧洲的造纸业大致从公元12世纪开始，在之前，欧洲人主要使用羊皮等来书写，据说书写一本《圣经》需要300多张羊皮，可见其昂贵程度。造纸业的兴盛开创了人类文明的新纪元。In the late of Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun’s papermaking technology widely came into use.In the period of Eastern and Western Jin Dynasties(the 3rd to 5th century AD), people began to write on paper and calligraphy on paper was developed correspondingly.Chinese papermaking technology was introduced to Vietnam, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and Japan, and around the 7th century was introduced into India.Papermaking technology was also introduced to West Asia and Europe through the Silk Road.The papermaking industry in Europe started in about the 12th century.Before that, the Europeans mainly wrote on sheepskin.It is said that writing a Bible needed more than 300 sheepskins, indicating the expensiveness of it.The rise of papermaking industry started a new era of human civilization.Topic 22 中国经济发展势头

当前我国经济发展势头良好，经济增长的内在机制（the internal mechanism）不断增强，基本做到了速度、质量和效益的统一。但是，我们也要清醒地看到，世界上没有一个国家的经济发展可以长盛不衰，永远保持高速度。中国也不例外。改革开放取得的成就是有目共睹的，但是新的矛盾和问题也出现了，如国企（state-owned enterprise）改革问题、贫富分化问题、腐败问题、金融风险问题、生态环境破坏问题等。这些问题都需要我们高度重视，尽快找到有效的解决办法。

At present our economy enjoys good momentum of growth.The internal mechanism for economic growth has been increasingly strengthened.We have, to a large extent, struck the right balance among speed, quality and economic benefit.But we must keep a clear mind and realize that there are no countries in the world that can keep an economic boom with high-speed growth.China won’t be an exception.The achievements of the reform and opening-up are obvious to all.But now there are also some new problems.These include the problems.In the reform of state-owned enterprises, the enormous gap between the rich and the poor, corruption, risks in the financial sector as well as ecological and environmental damage.We need to pay high attention to the problems mentioned above and find effective solutions in the shortest time.Topic 23 上海自由贸易试验区

发展中国（上海）自由 贸易试验区(China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone)是国家战略，是深化改革、扩大开放的重大举措，意义深远。这项重大改革以制度创新为着力点，重在提升软实力(soft power)，各项工作影响大、难度高。建设中国（上海）自由 贸易试验区是顺应全球经贸发展新趋势，实行更加积极主动开放战略的一项重大举措。建设自由贸易试验区的主要任务是探索中国对外开放的新路径和新模式，推动加快转变政府职能和行政体制改革(reform of administrative System)，促进转变经济增长方式和优化经济结构。

Developing the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone is a national strategy, and a major initiative for deepening the reform and expanding opening-up, which has a profound and important influence.This major initiative focuses on institutional innovation and emphasizes on promoting soft power.All the work is significant but in great difficulty.Building the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone is a major move to conform to the new trend of global economic and trade development and implement a more proactive opening-up strategy.The main task of this action is to explore the new path and pattern of Chinese opening-up, speed up the transformation of government function and the reform of administrative system, foster the transformation of the economic growth pattern and optimize the economic structure.Topic 24 科技园区建设

在经济增速放缓的大背景下，作为推动新型城镇化建设的重要载体，科技园区(high-tech Zone)的建设至关重要。在创新成为重要经济驱动力的今天，科技园区作为全球知识经济中企业和研究机构的创新、创业最佳栖息地，不仅承载着推动技术创新、加速知识转移（knowledge Transfer)、加快经济发展的使命，也是城市经济发展与竞争力的重要来源。科技园区如何充分发挥其在“新型城镇化”进程中的巨大作用，已经成为人们关注的焦点。

In the context of slow economic growth, the construction of high-tech zone is crucial as an important carrier to promote the new urbanization.Today when innovation becomes a major economic driver, high-tech zone, the best habitat for the innovation and new business of enterprises and research institutes in the global knowledge economy, not only takes on the mission of promoting technological innovation and accelerating knowledge transfer and economic growth, but also plays an important role as a source of economic growth and competitiveness in cities.How the high-tech zone gives full play to its great function during “new-type urbanization” has been focused on.Topic 25 中国经济结构的改善

中国经济已经出现了明显的结构改善的迹象。一方面，贸易顺差(trade surplus)出现了明显的而且是持续的下降，其主要原因不是出口的放缓，而是进口的加速；另一方面，居民消费占GDP的比重并不像统计所说的持续下降，而是从2007 年开始就持续上升。这些结构调整方面的明显改进并不是具体政策调整所带来的，而应归功于市场，是市场的力量推动结构调整。中国经济应该坚定不移地沿着市场化(marketalization)的方向走下去。

It is shown that the structure of Chinese economy has been’ obviously improved.For one thing, trade surplus has declined dramatically and continuously.The primary reason is not the slowdown in the export but the acceleration of import.For another, the proportion of residents’ consumption on GDP does not keep declining as statistics show, but has kept rising since 2007.The obvious improvement of structure comes up owing to the market rather than some specific policy adjustment.It is the power of the market that promotes structure adjustment.Chinese economy should unswervingly go on the path of marketalization.Topic 26 会展业

会展业(exhibition industry)在中国被誉为朝阳产业。目前，中国的会展业已经成为新的经济点。北京奥运会和上海世博会的成功举办对中国的会展业发展意义深远。这两件国际盛事不仅让世界认识了中国，更为重要的是，为中国会展业引入了大量的外国资金、技术和人才。但是，我们也必须清醒地认识到制约中国会展业发展的因素。中国的会展业起步较晚，直至最近才发展成一个独立产业，其出现和发展都带有自发性和随意性。

Exhibition industry is referred _to, in China, as sunrise industry.At present, China’s exhibition industry has become a new economic growth point.The Beijing Olympic Games and the Shanghai World Expo were successfully held, which exerted a far-reaching impact on the development of exhibition industry.The two international events have not merely made China known to the world.More importantly, they have introduced abundant foreign capital, technologies and talents to the exhibition industry of China.However, we must also be well aware of the constraining factors of China’s exhibition industry.Starting relatively late, China’s exhibition industry did not develop into an independent industry until very recently.Both the emergence and the development of the industry are spontaneous and random.Topic 27 贸易争端

中国加入世贸组织以后，中国与美国和欧盟通过协商、磋商，已经解决了大量的贸易争端。中国的传统是提倡“以和为贵”，做生意就要和气生财，希望和美国、欧洲的商人能够和气相处，能够共同解决出现的贸易问题。在遇到贸易争端的时候，一些国家不是寻求妥善解决问题的办法，而是动辄设限，这种作风无益于解决贸易争端，也会有损他们的形象。作为礼仪之邦(etiquette）中国一般的做法是首先劝说他们多倾听大家的意见。

Since the entry into WTO, China has settled numerous trading disputes with America and European Union through consultations and negotiations.With the traditional concept of harmony in mind, China firmly believes that harmony, once realized in business, can bring wealth.Therefore, China has been expecting a harmonious existence with American and European businessmen and a joint effort to solve trading problems.Confronted with trading disputes, instead of seeking out appropriate solutions, some countries frequently set limits, which is no good for solving problems and at the same time damages their images.On the contrary, China, bearing the name of “state with etiquette”, generally talks them into listening more to others’ proposals first.Topic 28 投资环境

中国正在努力改善其投资环境以吸引更多外资。迄今为止，中国的对外投资领域已从工业扩展到金融、房地产(real estate)、外贸及服务业。根据最新的调查，欧盟对中国的投资迅速上升，然而来自美国的实际投资却有所下降。东南亚依旧是重要的投资来源，并且投资结构已经有所改善。外国投资者对高科技领域及研发中心(R＆D center)的投资表现出极大的兴趣。此外，对通信设备、计算机、电子产品及运输设备的投资也大幅增加。

China is working hard to improve its environment to attract more foreign investment.Up to now, foreign investment in China has extended from industry to finance, real estate, foreign trade and service.According to the latest survey, the investment from European Union has increased rapidly while that from America has experienced a moderate decrease.Southeast Asia remains an important source of foreign investment, and the structure of investment has been improved.Foreign investors are showing great interest in the investment of high-tech fields and R&D centers.In addition, they have also increased substantially the investment in telecom equipment, computer, electronics and transportation equipment.Topic 29 生态观光

从20世纪80 年代初起，以探险和自然观光为主题的旅游活动越来越受欢迎。伴随着全球环境意识的增强及对多元文化的尊重，生态观光(ecotourism)已经成为旅游业中快速发展的一个组成部分。度假者可以享受都市里五星级酒店的舒适，可以品味高雅餐厅的宜人，而爬山、徒步旅行则成为另一种诱人的选择。但是，生态观光并不只是到偏远的(remote)地方旅行，这一概念也强调教育游客去认识当地风土人情和文化遗产。

Since the early 1980s, tourism centering on adventure and natural sightseeing has become increasingly popular.With the enhancement of global environmental consciousness and increasing respect shown for cultural diversity, ecotourism has become one of the fastest growing sectors of the travel and tourism industry.Tourists can stay in an urban five-star hotel enjoying the comforts or sit in an elegant restaurant tasting the delight, but people can also choose to climb mountains and go hiking, which are the attractive alternatives offered to people.But ecotourism means more than just traveling to remote destinations.It also emphasizes educating visitors about local conditions and customs, as well as cultural heritage.Topic 30 新丝绸之路

新丝绸之路(New Silk Road)是一条全长15 000多公里、贯通中亚的公路干线通道。建设新丝绸之路的初衷是通过这条连接亚欧两大陆、辐射30多个国家的大动脉(artery)促进国际贸易。随着经济全球化的快速发展，特别是中国经济的腾飞，中国与中亚国家、欧洲国家之间的往来在广度和深度上都有了空前的发展。新丝绸之路沿线国家已不满足于仅仅建设交通运输生命线，还要不断加深沿线区域经贸合作，形成新丝绸之路经济带。

The New Silk Road, more than 15 000 kilometers in length, is a main road passage running across Central Asia.The New Silk Road was intended to boost international trade through the artery that connects Asia and Europe, and radiates over 30 countries.With the rapid development of economic globalization, especially the rise of Chinese economy, China has made unprecedented contact with Central Asian and European countries, both in breadth and in depth.Countries along the New Silk Road are not satisfied with building a lifeline of transportation.They also want to deepen economic and commercial cooperation with districts along the road to frame the new Silk Road Economic Belt.Topic 31 中国快递企业

根据快递企业(express delivery enterprise)的性质及规模，可将我国快递企业分为四类。一是外资企业，外资快递企业具有丰富的经验、雄厚的资金和发达的全球网络；二是国有企业，国有快递企业依靠其背景优势和完善的国内网络在快递市场处于领先地位；三是大型民营企业，大型民营快递企业在局部市场站稳脚跟后，已逐步向全国扩张；四是小型民营企业，这类快递企业规模小、经营灵活但管理比较混乱，主要经营特定区域的同城快递(intra-city express delivery)和省内快递业务。

According to the nature and scale, express delivery enterprises in China can be divided into four kinds, including the foreign-funded enterprises, the state-owned enterprises, the large-sized private enterprises and the small-sized private enterprises.The foreign-funded express delivery enterprises have rich experience, sufficient fund and a developed global network;the state-owned enterprises lead the market due to their advantageous background and widespread domestic network;the large-sized private enterprises gain a foothold in local markets and have gradually expanded to the rest of the country;the small-sized private enterprises, characterized by small scale, flexible operation and messy management, specialize in intra-city and provincial express delivery in specific regions.Topic 32 生物产业

生物产业是国家确定的一项战略性新兴产业。过去五年，中国生物产业的年均增速超过了20%。随着城镇化和工业化大幅推进，我国面临日趋严峻的人口老龄化、食品安全、能源短缺、生态环境恶化等挑战。为保障人口健康、粮食安全和推进节能减排，亟须加快新型药物、作物新品种、绿色种植技术、生物燃料(biofuel)和生物发电(bioelectrogenesis)、生物环保技术、生物基产品(bio-based product)等的开发培育和推广应用，因此，生物产业将继续呈现高增长态势。

Biological industry is an emerging industry of strategic importance designated by the state.During the past five years, the annual growth rate of China’s biological industry has been beyond 20% on average.With large-scale urbanization and industrialization, China is facing the worsening challenges such as the aging population, food safety, energy resources shortage and ecological environment deterioration.To ensure residents’ health, safety of food and the promotion of energy conservation and emissions reduction, the development and application of new drugs, new crop varieties, green planting technology, biofuel and bioelectrogenesis, biological environmental protection technology, and bio-based products, ect.are urgently needed to be accelerated.Therefore, biological industry will keep high growth.Topic 33 矿产资源概述

中国拥有丰富的矿产资源，是世界上少有的矿产自给自足的国家之一，所有世界已知的矿产都能在这里找到。迄今为止，地质学家已经探明储量的矿物使中国在矿产总储量上位列世界第三。已经探明储量的能源包括煤、石油、天然气；放射性矿物包括铀(uranium)和钍(thorium)。中国可直接利用的煤炭主要分布在北方地区，尤以山西、内蒙古自治区、陕西和新疆储量最为丰富。石油资源主要分布在西北部、东北部以及东部地区的大陆架(continental shelf)。

China is rich in mineral resources, and all the world’s known minerals can be found here, which makes China one of the world’s few self-sufficient countries.To date, minerals whose reserves have been confirmed by the geologists make China rank third in the world in total reserves.Proven reserves of energy sources include coal, petroleum, and natural gas;and radioactive minerals include uranium and thorium.China’s coal reserves that can be directly used mainly distributed in north China, with Shanxi, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shaanxi, Xinjiang taking the lead.Petroleum reserves are mainly in Northwest and Northeast China as well as the continental shelves in East China.Topic 34 中国矿产资源开发

中国是世界上最早开发利用矿产资源的国家之一。过去50 年，中国在矿产资源勘探（survey）开发方面取得了巨大的成就，这为中国经济的持续、快速、健康发展提供了重要保障。中国是一个人口众多、资源相对不足的发展中国家，主要依靠本国的矿产资源来满足现代化建设（modernization program）的需要。同时，中国还不断努力引进国外资本和技术开发本国矿产资源。中国政府高度重视可持续发展和矿产资源的合理利用，把可持续发展确定为国家战略，把保护资源列为可持续发展战略的重要内容。

China is one of the first countries in the world to develop and utilize mineral resources.Over the past five decades, China has made great achievements in the survey and exploitation of its mineral resources, which has provided an important guarantee for the sustained, rapid and sound development of Chinese economy.China is a developing country with a large population and a relative shortage of resources.It mainly depends on the exploitation of its own mineral resources To meet the needs of its modernization program.Meanwhile, China has made constant efforts to introduce foreign capital and technology to exploit its own resources.The Chinese government attaches great importance to sustainable development and the rational utilization of mineral resources.It has made sustainable development a national strategy and the protection of resources an important part of this strategy.Topic 35 中国高铁

我国地域辽阔、人口众多，要解决大规模人口流动问题，最安全可靠、最快速便捷、最经济环保的交通方式就是高速铁路（high-speed rail。高铁的诞生满足了现代社会人们生活、工作、出行节奏快的需求。自2007 年修建第一条高速铁路“京津”高铁开始，几十条高铁相继开通运营，中国高铁运营里程（operating mileage）已达1万多公里，位居世界首位。而随着中国高铁“走出去”步伐不断加快，中国高铁正成为一张让世界了解中国的新名片。

Considering China’s vast territory and large population, high-speed rail is the most secure and reliable transport to solve the mobility problem of the large-scale population.With the highest speed and greatest convenience, it is also the most economical and most environment-friendly The birth of high-speed rail meets the needs of modern people to live, work and go outdoors at a fast pace.Since 2007 when the first high-speed rail line “Beijing-Tianjin” line was built, dozens of lines have been built and operated successively, making China’s high-speed rail operating mileage reach over ten thousand kilometers, ranking first in the world.As China’s high-speed rail accelerates its pace to expand overseas, it is becoming a new business card for China to introduce itself to the world.Topic 36 中国房地产

中国的房地产本质已经发生了极大的变化。十五年前，城市人口主要由国企工人构成，住房由国家统一安排分配。现在的年轻人则需要购买商品房，若没有房子，连对象都难找，然而，买房却并不容易。在中国，政府对资金调控极其严格，而炒股又有很大的风险性。这样一来，房子就成了具有保障性的投资商品。中国有13%的城市家庭至少拥有两套房。因此，中国房地产非常火爆。

The nature of real estate has changed greatly in China.Fifteen years ago, workers in state-owned enterprises, who then comprised a high proportion of the population in cities, were assigned accommodation by the government.But nowadays, young boys have to purchase commercial residential houses because they can hardly find a girlfriend if they do not have their own houses.Buying a house, however, is difficult.Because of the strict capital controls by government and the capricious stock market, the house has become a reassuring investment.Thirteen percent of urban households in China own two or more houses.That’s why China’s real estate has boomed.Topic 37 中国经济发展成就

在党中央(the CPC Central Committee)的领导下，我国经济建设的各方面都取得了巨大成就。我们完成了诸多造福百姓的工程，如西部大开发(Western Development)、南水北调(South-To-North Water Diversion Project)等。用水用电更加方便快捷，出行选择也多种多样。我国的国际地位不断提高，对世界经济发展产生了巨大影响。加人世界贸易组织后，我国的经济政策牵动着世界的一呼一吸；成功举办北京奥运会和上海世博会，赢得了世界的关注与尊重。总之，中国经济取得了辉煌成就，中国经济的明天一定更美好。Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee, we have made great economic accomplishments in all aspects.We have completed many projects bringing benefits to common people, such as Western Development and South-to-North Water Diversion Project.We have easier access to water and electric power, and we have more choices when traveling.Our country’s international status keeps on increasing, making great influence on the world economy.Joining the WTO enables our economic policies to affect the activities of the world.Successfully holding the Beijing Olympic Games and the Shanghai World Expo brings more attention and respect from the world.In a word, Chinese economy has made amazing achievements and will definitely have a brighter future.Topic 38 中国的国际地位

随着经济的高速发展和综合国力的增强，中国在世界上的影响日益增大。2008 年北京举办奥运会，2010 年上海举办世博会，这意味着有几千年历史的中国，正以前所未有的广度和深度向世界各国开放，并从各个方面融人国际社会。在这样一个历史性的时刻，国际社会比过去任何时候都更加关注中国，各国朋友都迫切希望对中国文化有一种比过去更真实、更生动、更深入的认识。

With the rapid development of Chinese economy and comprehensive national strength, China’s international influence has been increasing.The 2008 Olympic Games and 2010 World Expo were respectively held in Beijing and Shanghai, which means China, a thousand-year-old country, is opening to the world with unprecedented breadth and depth, and being integrated into international community in various aspects.At this historic moment, international community is more focusing on China than ever before.People from all over the world are eager to have a realer, deeper, and more vivid understanding of Chinese culture than that in the past.Topic 39 西藏的发展 由于西藏地处“世界屋脊”(Roof of the World)，自然条件恶劣，也由于几百年落后的封建农奴制社会(feudal serfdom)形成的各种社会历史条件的限制，西藏在全国还属于欠发达地区。但是，过去60 年的发展已经极大地改变了其昔日贫穷落后的面貌，西藏人民生活水平大大提高。社会经济的发展极大地丰富了西藏人民的物质文化生活。2000 年，西藏全区各族人民已基本摆脱贫困，实现温饱。部分群众生活达到了小康水平。随着人民生活逐步富裕，冰箱、彩电、洗衣机等消费品进入了越来越多寻常百姓家。

Located on the Roof of the World, Tibet is still an underdeveloped area in China due to its harsh natural conditions and various social and historical restrictions formed by the backward feudal serfdom with a history of hundreds of years.However, the development in the past 60 years in Tibet has dramatically changed its former poverty and backwardness and the Tibetan people’s living standards have remarkably improved.People’s material life has been greatly enriched by the economic development.In 2000, people of various ethnic groups in Tibet basically shook off poverty and had adequate food and clothes.Part of them began to live a well-off life.As people’s livelihood improves, consumer goods such as refrigerators, color TVs and washing machines have entered more and more ordinary people’s homes.Topic 40 社区公益

社区公益(community public benefit)以公益机构为主体，为达成公益目的而鼓励社区发动居民积极参与各种公益服务或活动。近年来，越来越多的机构和企业投身到社会公益事业之中，或进行大额捐款，或成立慈善基金，力图在履行社会责任的同时，凸显企业的品牌和产品。显然，这是社会公益不成熟的一种表现，因为那些有着巨大社会需求的社区公益服务，由于需要长期默默无闻的服务和关怀，还没有得到更多的关注。

The community public benefit whose main body is public organizations encourages residents to take part in various kinds of public services or activities to reach the goal of public benefit.In recent years, more and more organizations and enterprises devote themselves to public benefit by donating large amounts of money or establishing charitable funds to advertise their brands and products while fulfilling their social responsibilities.Obviously, it is a reflection of immature public benefit, because the community public benefit service with large social demand hasn’t been paid more attention to due to the need of long-term obscure service and care.Topic 41 新型农村合作医疗制度

新型农村合作医疗制度(New Rural Cooperative Medical System)目的是为了解决农民的就医问题，减轻农民因疾病带来的经济负担，提高农民健康水平。新农合将逐渐发展成为较为完善的农村医疗保障制度。它的发展直接影响广大农民的健康问题。由于中国地区经济发展不平衡，各地新型农村合作医疗制度采取了不同的实施方案。自 2010 年以来，新型农村合作医疗制度已基本覆盖农村居民。

The New Rural Cooperative Medical System(the NRCMS)aims to solve the rural residents’ medical problems, alleviate their financial burden of diseases, and improve their health.The NRCMS will gradually develop into a complete rural medical security system.The development of the NRCMS will directly influence the health of all the rural residents.Due to China’s unbalanced economic conditions among different areas, various implementation plans are adopted in the NRCMS from place to place.The NRCMS has basically covered all the rural residents since 2010.Topic 42 绿色就业

绿色就业(green job)是在经济绿化的过程中产生和发展的，指的是从事绿色经济活动的就业。绿色经济是对产业结构、产品生产的技术和工艺、产品生产的组织方式进行“绿化”。绿色就业就是采用绿色技术、工艺和原材料进行生产的就业，就是从事绿色产品生产和服务的就业，就是从事环境和生态保护工作的就业。世界上很多国家看到了绿色产业蕴藏的巨大就业潜力，纷纷采取措施，开发绿色项目，刺激绿色消费，以创造更多的就业岗位。

A green job emerged and developed from green economy, which refers to work that is relevant to green economic activities.The industrial structure as well as the technologies, techniques and organization mode during production of green economy are “greened”.Green job adopts green technologies, techniques and raw materials to produce green products, offer green services and provide jobs in the environmental and ecological protection.Many countries in the world notice the huge employment potential of green economy and take measures in succession to develop green projects and stimulate green consumption so that more jobs will be created.Topic 43 中国家庭结构的变化

改革开放以来，中国社会的家庭结构发生了巨大的变化。越来越多的传统大家庭模式被以核心家庭为主的多样化的小家庭模式所取代。与此相一致的是，越来越多的以父辈为权威的大家庭让位于以子女，特别是独生子女(only child)为中心的小家庭制度。人口老龄化(population aging)进程的加速与家庭制度的演变使养老问题的严峻性愈加凸显。大众传媒和各种娱乐设施极大地转移和丰富了人们的生活内容，人们已经不再把家庭作为唯一的娱乐场所。

The family structure in Chinese society has been undergoing dramatic changes since the reform and opening-up.More and more traditional extended families have been replaced by various small household patterns, especially nuclear families.Correspondingly, more and more extended families with the elders as authorities are giving place to smaller families with children, especially the only children, as the centers.The changes of family patterns, along with the acceleration of population aging, make the provision for the aged a increasingly severe problem.Mass media and various recreation facilities greatly distract people and enrich their life, so that families are no longer the only place to enjoy themselves.Topic 44 互联网

网上交流活跃是中国互联网发展的一大特点，论坛帖文(forum post)、博客文章数量之大，在世界各国都是难以想象的。中国的网站十分注重为网民(netizen)提供发表言论的服务，约80%的网站提供电子公告服务(Bulletin Board Service)。据抽样调查，每天人们通过论坛、新闻评论、博客等渠道发表的言论达300多万条，超过66%的中国网民经常在网上发表言论，就各种话题进行讨论，充分表达思想观点和利益诉求。中国网民踊跃参与网上信息传播和网上内容创造，大大丰富了互联网上的信息内容。

Vigorous online interaction is a major characteristic of China’s Internet development, and the huge quantity of forum posts and blog articles is far beyond that of other countries.China’s websites attach great importance to providing netizens with opinion expression services, among which about 80% provide Bulletin Board Service.According to a sample survey, each day people post over three million messages via forums, news commentary sites, blogs, etc., and over 66%of Chinese netizens frequently post topics on various subjects to fully express their opinions and interests.Chinese netizens actively participate in online information communication and production, greatly enriching Internet contents.Topic 45 网上银行

网上银行拥有许多优势。网上银行从不关门，每天24小时、每周 7天全天候营业，而且只需轻点鼠标即可完成交易。当你的财务发生问题，而你附近又没有营业厅或自动取款机时，你可以马上登陆网上银行来处理你的财务。网上银行处理并确认交易的速度通常达到或者超过了自动取款机的运行速度。网上银行现在还提供账目总计、股票报价等先进的工具，以帮助你更有效地理财。

Online banking has a lot of advantages.It never closes, offering services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and all you need to do is just a slight click of the mouse.If your nearby banks or ATMs are not available when financial problems arise, you can immediately log on to your online banking and cope with your business.In terms of the speed of the execution and confirmation of transactions, online banking is generally no slower than ATMs.Online banking now offers advanced tools, including account aggregation, stock quotes and so on to help you manage your assets more effectively.Topic 46 环境保护

当今世界，环境保护已经成为各国政府和各界人士共同关心的问题。过去10 年，海平面上升和森林砍伐的速度都是前所未有的；生态恶化、物种灭绝(extinction)、温室效应等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境和健康。中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济与保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化(modernization)的过程中，将环境保护视为一项基本国策，并在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动。

Nowadays, environmental protection has become an issue that the governments of all countries and people from all walks of life commonly care about.During the past ten years, the speed of sea level rise and deforestation has been unprecedented while a series of environmental problems, such as deterioration of ecosystem, extinction of bio-species, and the greenhouse effect, have posed a serious threat to human living conditions and health.As a developing country, China is confronted with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment.Based on its national conditions, China has, in the process of promoting overall modernization, made environmental protection one of its basic state policies, and carried out nationwide campaigns of pollution prevention and treatment as well as ecology and environment protection.Topic 47 老龄化

联合国(United Nations)标准规定，当一个地区65岁及以上的老人占总人口的7%时，该地区就被视为进入老龄化社会(aging society)。老龄化会对国家财政造成巨大的影响，但老龄化的影响并不止于此。在老龄化社会里，劳动力市场、储蓄方式以及人口流动都会发生变化。中国社会保障制度并不健全，大多数老年人都依靠子女赡养。小家庭的增多和传统价值观的缺失都会使老龄化问题更加严重，从而对中小家庭造成沉重负担。

According to the standard of the United Nations, a society is considered an aging society when the proportion of people aged 65 and above is more than 7%.The impacts of aging society on state finance are huge.However, the impacts are much wider.In an aging society, labor markets, saving patterns and migration movements will change.Social security system in China is weak, and most of the elderly are supported by their children.Declining family size and the erosion of traditional values magnify the challenge, which places a heavy burden on small and middle sized households.Topic 48 妇女地位

在中国，妇女占了大约一半的人口，常被称为“半边天”(“Half the Sky”)。在过去的几十年里，中国妇女的社会地位经历了历史性的变化。社会主义社会不仅从法律上确立了男女平等，而且采取了经济手段来帮助妇女获得平等地位，缩小男女之间的社会差距。妇女在社会各界发挥着巨大的作用。但是，不平等现象仍然存在。比如，男女就业机会方面不平等，入学机会方面不平等，在某些农村地区，妇女生了女孩儿还会受到歧视。

In China, women account for nearly half the total population of the country and are often called “Half the Sky”.Over the past decades, the social status of Chinese women has experienced historic changes.The socialist society has not only established legal equality between men and women, but also adopted economic means to help women achieve gender equality and narrow the social gap between men and women.Women are playing an important role in all fields of life.However, inequality still exists.For example, men and women are unequal in the opportunity for employment and enrollment in schools.In some rural areas, women will be discriminated by others if they give birth to a female baby.Topic 49 非物质文化遗产

保护和弘扬先人创造的优秀非物质文化遗产(intangible cultural heritage)，是全民族的共同责任，也是中国文化产业发展的重点。非物质文化遗产是中华传统文明的一部分，凝聚着中华民族文化的精华。截至2013 年底，我国已有38个项目列入联合国“人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录”，居世界第一。根据文化部公布的信息，我国共有87万个非遗项目，可以说历史有多悠久，民间艺术就有多悠久；文化有多灿烂，民间艺术就有多灿烂；生活有多美好，民间艺术就有多美好。

Protecting and promoting the excellent intangible cultural heritage created by our ancestors is the common responsibility of the whole Chinese nation and the emphasis of the development of China’s culture industry.Chinese intangible cultural heritage is a part of the traditional Chinese civilization, condensing the essence of Chinese national culture.By the end of 2013, China has 38projects listed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists, ranking first in the world.According to the information released by the Ministry of Culture, there are 870 thousand intangible cultural projects in China.In a manner of speaking, the longer the history is, the more could be;the better the life is, the more beautiful the folk arts could be.Topic 50 自主创业

自主创业(self-employed)的好处之一是盈利归自己所有，利润是对自己努力、能力和创造力的回报。自主创业的第二个好处是个人才智和能力能直接反映在收入上。自主创业的第三个优势是自己做老板能够控制自己的工作时间。但是创业并不是一帆风顺(go smoothly)的事。首先，做自己的老板把责任直接放到了个人的肩上。其次，自己做老板时，一单成功的生意可能会带来很大的盈利，而一单失败的生意可能会造成破产。第三个弊端是没有稳定的工资，收入浮动很大。

One of the advantages of being self-employed is that the profits that the business makes belong to the owner.The profits earned are the reward for the owner s effort, competence and creativity.Another advantage is that a person’s earnings directly reflect his intelligence and abilities.The third advantage of being self-employed is that a person as the boss can control his working hours.However, being self-employed does not always go smoothly.First, being one’s own boss means placing the responsibility directly on that individual’s shoulders.Second, though the self-employed can earn considerable profits with a successful business, losses can force them out of business.The third disadvantage is that self-employed people have no stable wage and their Earnings can vary greatly.

第二篇：六级翻译

时光的唯一作用就在于它筛出了糟粕，因为只有真正优秀的文学作品才能存留下来。那些杰出的伟人不会从这个世界消失，它们的灵魂保存在书本里，云游四方。书是活的声音，它所包含的智慧今人依然聆听。因此，我们依然时刻受到过去伟人的影响。那些世界巨匠像过去一样活在人世间。

The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products;for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.The great and good do not die from this world.Embalmed in books,their spirits walk abroad.The book is a living voice.It is an intellect to which one still listens.The great and the good will be always remembered as time goes by.书籍具有不朽的精神，他们是迄今为止人类所创造持续最久的产品。宇宙会损坏，塑像会颓废，但是书籍却能常存人间。对于思想而言，时间并不重要，它们今天让然能同多年前第一次在作者的头脑中刚刚产生时那样鲜活。当年的话语和思想如今依然通过书本在向我们生动的述说。

Books possess the essence of immortality.They are by far the most lasting products of human effort.The universe can be damaged,temples and statues decay,but books survive.Time is of no account with great thoughts,which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author's minds ages ago.What was then said an thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page.老年为少年之过来人，少年为老年之候补者，老与少，只不过时间上之差别而已。然中国习惯，对老少之间，往往划有无形界限。在客观上，有时重老而轻少，有时重少而轻老。在主观上，老者自恃其老，少年自矜其少。几千年来，遂形成老者自以为持重练达而菲薄少年为少不更事；而少年自以为新锐精进而轻蔑老者为老朽昏庸。此真所谓偏颇两失之见也。Old Age and Young The aged are the antecedents of the young, and the young are the candidates of the aged.The difference between age and youth is only a matter of time.But, according to the Chinese custom, there is always an invisible line of demarcation between them.Objectively speaking,sometimes the aged are held in esteem and the young are made light of;sometimes it is just the other way round.Subjectively speaking, the aged are self-conceited because of their good old age, while the young think no small beer of their own youth.For thousands of years it has been assumed that the aged, thinking themselves experienced and more skillful, look down upon the young for their greenness in worldly affairs, while the young, thinking themselves fresh in life and more energetic, call the aged old fogies.Either of these views, of course, is far from being impartial.《红楼梦》问世二百年以来,通过汉文原文和各种译文读过此书的人,不知有多少亿！这么多的读者哪一个是先看批评家的文章,然而再让批评家牵着鼻子走,按图索骥地去读原作呢?我看是绝无仅有的。一切文学作品,特别是象《红楼梦》这样伟大的作品,内容异常地丰富,涉及到的社会层面异常地多,简直象是一个宝山，一座迷宫。而读者群就更加复杂，他们来读《红楼梦》，会各就自己的特点，欣赏该书中的某一个方面，受到鼓舞，受到启发，引起了喜爱；也可能受到打击，引起了憎恶。总之是千差万别。Ever since the publication of

A Dream of Red Mansions some 200 years ago, hundreds of millions of people have read its Chinese original or its translations in various languages.Of these innumerable people, how many have read the novel by starting with a perusal of the critics' articles and allowing themselves to be led by the nose by the critics as to how to read the novel? Next to none.All literary works, especially a monumental

one like A Dream of Red Mansions, are extremely rich in content and involve diverse social strata-to such an extent that they virtually resemble a mountain of treasure or a labyrinth.And the readers are even more complicated, differing from each other in family background.They will each appreciate a certain aspect of the novel according to their own individuality.They may feel inspired and enlightened, and hence love it, or they may feel hurt, and hence loathe it.In short, there actions vary.一个好青年必须身体健康。无论从事什么行业，健康的身体才是成功的基础。它使我们能够努力工作，坚定不移；使我能够奋斗，坚持下去。除此之外，我们更能适应当前的工作，能为成功而奋斗，能够忍受艰苦，能够报效国家。一个好青年必须培养良好，高尚的品格。很多学问渊博的人误入歧途。他们对社会甚至对国家的破坏大于贡献。他们只追求自己的利益，而不知道道德为何物。这个观点看来，“德行”对一个优秀青年更为重要。对于一个好青年来说，学问是自己的事，不能依靠别人。

A good young man must have a healthy body condition.No matter what kind of job you engaged in,a healthy body is the base of success.It makes us work hard and unswervingly;it makes us endeavor and insist.Besides these,we can adapt to the present job better,fight for the success,bear the hardships and serve our country.A good young man must cultivate a fine and lofty character..Many learned people go astray and the harm they have done to the society or even the country exceeds his dedication.They only chased after their personal interests without knowing what the morality is.From this point of view,“morality”is more important to an excellent young man.To a good young man,knowledge is his own business,and he can not depend on others.九寨沟的山水风光，纵有万丽千奇，一旦离开原始的自然美，就一切都没有了。”他们的见解是精辟的。当你步入沟中，便可见树正群海荡漾生辉，瀑布舒洒碧玉。一到金秋，满山枫叶绛红。盛夏，湖山幽翠。仲春，树绿花艳„四时都呈现出它的天然原始，宁静幽深。All the beauty of Jiuzhaigou is endowed by nature.If the natural charm were removed, there would be no more of Jiuzhaigou.Mystic lakes and sparkling waterfalls captivate your eyes as you enter the ravine.The trees are their greenest in spring when intensified by colorful flowers.In summer, warm tints spread over the hills and lake lands.As summer merges into autumn, the maple trees turn fiery-red, splashing color through the thickly forested hills.Tranquility pervades primitive Jiuzhaigou throughout the year.近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。

亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。

In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development.To change their destiny,the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard struggle.Asia's development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of the industrious and talented Asian people.The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging

path of development that is universally applicable.They never shy away from reform and innovation.Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development.截至2003年12月，欧盟15个成员国来华投资项目数已达16158个，合同外资金额约650亿美元，实际投入378亿美元。与此同时，中国的一些大企业如联想、海尔、华为、TCL等，也开始在欧盟投资设厂或成立营销、研发中心。欧盟还一直是中国引进先进技术和设备的重要来源。中国与欧盟在先进技术，尤其是高科技产品方面的合作有助于欧盟扩大对华出口，也有利于中国企业产业升级、技术更新，符合双方利益，具有很大的发展空间。

By the end of December 2003, the 15 members of the EU had altogether invested in 16,158 projects in China with the contractual investment worth of US$ 65 billion and with the actually utilized investment ofUS$ 37.8 billion.At the same time, some of China's big companies like Lenovo, Haier, Huawei Technologyand TCL have started to make investment in the EU member states to establish plants or marketing, R centers.The EU has always been an important source of technology and equipment import for China.The Sino-EU cooperation in the field of advanced technologies,especially the new and high-tech products, helps expand the EU export to China and also helps Chinese enterprises upgrade their industries, renovate their technologies.All these are in the interests of both sides and have considerable space for further growth.尽管全球大量的电子产品和鞋等都是中国制造，但这些产品的设计都是在欧美或日本完成的。中国公司制造自己品牌的产品时，通常是模仿国外。但如今不同了，他们都想开创自己的品牌。随着中国公司在设计上的改进，跨国公司意识到，他们的产品需要专门针对中国消费者的品味进行“量身定做”了。这些使中国设计产业开始繁荣起来。

Although large numbers of global electronic products and shoes are made in China,the design of these products are finished by Europe and America of Japan.In the past,the Chinese companies usually imitated foreign countries when producing their own brand products.But nowadays it is all different.They want to create their own brand.Along with the design improvement of the Chinese companies,the multination companies realize that their product need to be “tailored”to be the taste of Chinese consumers.All of these make the Chinese design industry become prosperous.我们的现代化建设，必须从中国的实际出发。无论是革命还是建设，都要注意学习和借鉴外国经验。但是，照抄照搬别国经验、别国模式，从来不能得到成功。这方面我们有过教训。把马克思主义的普遍真理同我国的具体实际结合起来，走自己的道路，建设有中国特色的社会主义，这就是我们总结长期历史经验得出的基本结论。

Our country's modernization must start from the reality of China.Either on the revolution of the construction we need to learn and draw the experience from the foreign countries.But we will never win the success if we mechanically copy other countries' experience or formats.We have already had the lesson in this aspect.It is the basic conclusion which we summarized the long-term historical experience that we should combine the Marxism's universal truth with out specific situation together,walking on our own roads and building up the socialism with Chineseaharacteristic.

第三篇：六级 翻译（范文模版）

上海自贸试验区，称之为“pilot free trade zone”（简写pilot FTZ）。其中“pilot”一词为“试验”之义。商务部的英文页面在发布相关信息时，也曾有“China(Shanghai）Pilot FTZ”的表述

“一带一路（One Belt and One Road）”是指“丝绸之路经济带（the Silk Road Economic Belt）”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路（the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road）”。总书记在去年9月和10月分别提出建设“一带”和“一路”的战略构想，强调相关各国要打造互利共赢的“利益共同体（benefit community）”和共同发展繁荣的“命运共同体（fate community）”。

“一带一路”是习近平担任中国最高领导人之后提出的重要国际性合作倡议（international cooperation initiative）之一。“一带一路”的建设，顺应了全球化趋势和各国抱团取暖、共同合作的愿望，有着良好的发展前景。此次APEC北京峰会还将讨论启动亚太自由贸易区（the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific），一旦与“一带一路”成功对接，将史无前例地将北美、西欧、东亚这三大世界经济中心连为一体，塑造世界地缘经济（geo-economy）的新格局。

另一个热门辞汇是习近平说的“老虎苍蝇一起打”，外媒直译成“Hunting Tigers and Flies”。

外媒报道中国的热门辞汇是：“中国经济新常态”译为“China's New Normal”；“一带一路”译为“The Belt and Road Initiatives”；

互联网+（Internet Plus）

出处：我想站在“互联网+”的风口上顺势而为，会使中国经济飞起来。（李克强答记者问）

2015年译文：Everyone stands a chance to fly when there is favorable wind blowing from behind.I believe with the tail wind generated by our Internet Plus strategy we will be able to bring Chinese economy offto a new level.中国制造2025（Made in China 2025）

出处：要实施“中国制造2025”，坚持创新驱动、智能转型、强化基础、绿色发展，加快从制造大国转向制造强国。（2015年李克强政府工作报告）

译文：We will implement the “Made in China 2025” strategy, seek innovation-driven development;apply smart technologies;strengthen foundations;pursue green development;and redouble our efforts to upgrade China from a manufacturer of quantity to one of quality.大众创业、万众创新

出处：推动大众创业、万众创新。这既可以扩大就业、增加居民收入，又有利于促进社会纵向流动和公平正义。

译文：We will also encourage people to start their own businesses and to make innovations, which will not only create more jobs and increase personal incomes, but also improve upwards social mobility and social equity and justice.餐桌污染（food contamination）

出处：着力治理餐桌污染，食品药品安全形势总体稳定。

译文：Serious efforts were made to prevent food contamination, and on the whole the situation was kept stable in food and medicine safety. 

职业教育vocational education；professional education 《红楼梦》由曹雪芹和高鹗所著。小说以贾氏家族为故事核心，描述了贾家从一个富裕、有权有势的家族沦落为破落家庭的过程。小说成功塑造了100多个经典人物，他们分属于清朝的不同阶层。《红楼梦》对中国的封建社会有深刻的描绘,如果要了解中国人复杂的价值观,最好先能读懂《红楼梦》。毛主席评价道：“《红楼梦》不仅是爱情故事，也是历史故事，因为它描述了封建时代的兴败。”

【翻译词汇】

《红楼梦》 A Dream of Red Mansions

由…所著 be attributed to

家族 clan

富裕 affluent

权势 prestige

沦落为 descend to

塑造 portray

阶层 rank

封建社会 feudal society

复杂 complexity 参考译文：

A Dream of Red Mansions is attributed to Cao Xueqin and Gao-E.The author chose Jia Clan as the focus, depicting how an affluent and influential family with prestige lost its favor and descended to crash.In the novel, about 100 classic characters are successfully portrayed.These characters concern people of all ranks in the Qing Dynasty.A Dream of Red Mansions is a remarkable story about Chinese feudal society.To understand Chinese values in all its complexity, one can do no better than to read A Dream of Red Mansions.“It is not only a love story, but also a history story, because it describes the success and failure of the feudal period,” said Chairman Mao.翻译原文：

最近，一些地方大学开始将方言列为某些学生的必修课程，学生们要学习当地方言，然后被评分以作为毕业的依据之一。一方面，支持此种做法的人认为，将方言列为必修课可防止其消失，从而使当地传统文化和文化多样性得以弘扬，同时城市独特的个性得以保留。另一方面，反对此种做法的人争论说，当地学生与外地学生相比有很多绝对优势，因此将方言列为必修课会引起教育不公平的问题。而且，将方言列为必修课程还会引起一些其他问题，如教材使用、师资问题和考试标准等。在我看来，方言作为传统文化不可缺少的一部分和一种交流工具，可以让学生自愿学习和使用，而不是强制完成。

【翻译词汇】

方言 dialect

必修课程 compulsory course

依据 judging factor

支持 approve

消失 extinguish

文化多样性 cultural diversity

弘扬 enhance

个性 identity

争论说 contend

绝对的 absolute

引起 give rise to/bring forth

考试标准 examination standard

不可缺少的 indispensable

自愿地 voluntarily

学习acquire 参考译文：

Recently, it has been practiced by some local universities that dialect is made a compulsory course for some students, under which students are subject to learning the local dialect and then graded as one of the judging factors for them to graduate.On the one hand, people approving the practice maintain that it will help to prevent the dialect from extinguishing so that the local traditional culture and the cultural diversity can be enhanced, and the unique urban identity can be preserved simultaneously.On the other hand, people in opposition to the practice contend that it will give rise to the appearance of educational inequality, for the local students will enjoy absolute advantages over those from other places.Moreover, the inclusion of dialect in compulsory courses will bring forth other problems like teaching material, teachers and examination standards.As far as I am concerned, dialects, as an indispensable part of local traditional culture as well as a tool for communication, can be acquired and used voluntarily, not compulsorily.翻译原文：

选秀(draft),指选拔在某方面表现优秀的人。中国自古就有，古代选秀一般是宫廷选秀。从2004年《超级女声》开始，大众选秀节目开始进入我们的视线，这类几乎“零门槛(zero of threshold)”的选秀活动让所有人都有机会成为明星。之后的《好男儿》、《快乐男声》、《我型我秀》还有《中国好声音》等等选秀活动一一登场，几乎一刻都没有让中国的电视观众闲着。通过这些选秀活动，很多有才能的 “平民百姓”实现了自己的梦想，走上了星光大道(avenue of stars)。

参考译文：

A draft refers to a procedure during which people who perform well in a certain aspect are picked out.In ancient China, there were also drafts which generally referred to court drafts.From the year 2004 when Super Girl was on, talent show programs began to come into our sight.Such kind of nearly“zero threshold”talent show offers everyone an opportunity to become popular.Later,there came MyHero, Super Boy, My Show and The Voice of China.As these talent show programs appeared oneby one,Chinese TV audience hardly had time to rest.Through these talent show programs, man ytalented “ordinary people”realized their dreams and stepped on the avenue of stars.翻译原文：

故宫，又名紫禁城，为明清共二十四位皇帝统治中国近500年的皇宫。它位于北京市中心，在天安门广场的北侧，形状为长方形。南北长960米，东西宽750米，占地72公顷，总建筑面积达15万平方米。故宫是世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代木构宫殿。它分为外朝和内廷两部分，外朝是皇帝上朝处理国家大事的地方，内廷是皇帝和皇室的居住地。1987年，故宫被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产。

翻译词汇：

故宫 the Imperial Palace

紫禁城 the Forbidden City

天安门广场 Tian’anmen Square

长方形 rectangular

建筑面积 floor space

现存 in existence

上朝 give audience

处理 handle

世界文化遗产 World Cultural Heritage 参考译文：

The Imperial Palace, also called the Forbidden City was the palace where the 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for roughly 500 years.The Imperial Palace is located in the center of Beijing, on the northern side of Tian’anmen Square, rectangular in shape, 960 meters from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, with an area of 72 hectares and a total floor space of 150 000 square meters.It’s the world’s largest and most integral palace made of wood in existence.The Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court.The outer court was the place where the emperors gave audience and handled state affairs, while the inner court was the living quarters for the emperors and their families.In 1987 the Imperial Palace was listed by the UNESCO as one of the World Cultural Heritage sites.庙会(temple fair)是中国的一种传统民俗活动。有传说认为，庙会源于古人祭祀土地神(village god),后来渐渐演变成商品交易市场和文化表演场所。庙会通常在庙里或寺庙附近的露天场地举行，时间常在节日或特定的日子。有些庙会只在春节举行。尽管不同地区的庙会时间不同，但是内容相似。农民和商人出售自己的农产品、玉器、花鸟鱼虫等;工匠摆摊展示并出售手工艺品;民间艺术家搭建舞台表演歌舞;普通民众来庙会购买商品、观看表演以及品尝特色小吃。

【参考译文】

The temple fair is a traditional folk activity in China.Legend has it that it originated in ancient times when people offered sacrifices to the village god, which later gradually evolved into a marketplace for people to exchange products and a place for cultural performance.The temple fairs, usually on the open ground or near a temple, are held on festivals or specified days.Some are held only during the Spring Festival.Although different places hold their temple fairs on various dates, the contents are similar.Farmers and merchants sell their farm produce, jade articles, flowers, birds and fish, etc.;craftsmen set up their stalls to show and sell their handicrafts;folk artists establish a stage for singing and dancing;ordinary people come to the temple fair to buy goods, watch the performances and eat special snacks.网上炫富

1.目前有一些人喜欢在网上炫.2.人们对这一现象的看法不一

3.我的看法

Displaying Wealth Online

Nowadays, it is not rare to see people displaying their wealth on the Internet.Some post pictures of luxury goods, such as brand clothes and bags, luxurious automobiles or jewelries.Some write about their experiences in which a lot of money is spent.People have different responses to this phenomenon.Some say that it is people’s right to share their possessions or experiences with others on the Internet, as long as the things are legal and the experiences real.However, some criticize that the rich people are too arrogant.What’s worse, there are also a few who are not actually rich but put fake photos only to satisfy their vanity.In my opinion, sharing is a good thing, and it is exactly the spirit of the Internet.But people should make careful choice on what they are sharing.After all, showing off is not very nice, not to mention faking.

第四篇：六级翻译[推荐]

1)quite 相当 quiet 安静地 2)affect v 影响, 假装 effect n 结 果, 影响 3)adapt 适应 adopt 采用 adept 内行 4)angel 天使 angle 角度 5)dairy 牛奶厂 diary 日记 6)contend 奋斗, 斗争 content 内容, 满足的 context 上下文 contest 竞争, 比赛 7)principal 校长, 主要的 principle 原则 8)implicit 含蓄的 explicit 明白 的 9)dessert 甜食 desert 沙漠 v 放 弃 dissert 写论文 10)pat 轻拍 tap 轻打 slap 掌击 rap 敲，打 11)decent 正经的 descent n 向 下, 血统 descend v 向下 12)sweet 甜的 sweat 汗水 13)later 后来 latter 后者 latest 最近的 lately adv 最近14)costume 服装 custom习惯 15)extensive 广泛的 intensive 深刻的 16)aural 耳的 oral 口头的 17)abroad 国外 aboard 上(船，飞机)18)altar 祭坛 alter 改变 19)assent 同意 ascent 上升 accent 口音 20)champion 冠军 champagne 香槟酒 campaign 战役 21)baron 男爵 barren 不毛之地 的 barn 古仓 22)beam 梁，光束 bean 豆 been have 过去式 23)precede 领先 proceed 进 行，继续 24)pray 祈祷 prey 猎物 25)chicken 鸡 kitchen 厨房 26)monkey 猴子 donkey 驴 27)chore 家务活 chord 和弦 cord 细绳 28)cite 引用 site 场所 sight 视 觉 29)clash(金属)幢击声 crash 碰 幢，坠落 crush 压坏 30)compliment 赞美 complement 附加物 31)confirm 确认 conform 使顺 从 32)contact 接触 contract 合同 contrast 对照 33)council 议会 counsel 忠告 consul 领事 34)crow 乌鸦 crown 王冠 clown 小丑 cow 牛 35)dose 一剂药 doze 打盹 36)drawn draw 过去分词 drown 溺水 37)emigrant 移民到国外 immigrant 从某国来的移民 38)excess n 超过 exceed v超过 excel 擅长 39)hotel 旅店 hostel 青年旅社 40)latitude 纬度 altitude 高度 gratitude 感激 41)immoral 不道德 的 immortal 不朽的 42)lone 孤独的 alone 单独的 lonely 寂寞的 43)mortal 会死的 metal 金属 mental 神经的 medal 勋章 model 模 特meddle 玩弄 44)scare 惊吓 scarce 缺乏的 45)drought 天旱 draught 通风, 拖 拉 draughts(英)国际跳棋 47)assure 保证 ensure 使确定 insure 保险 48)except 除外 expect 期望 accept 接受 excerpt 选录 exempt 免 除 49)floor 地板 flour 面粉 50)incident 事件 accident 意外 51)inspiration 灵感 aspiration 渴望 52)march 三月, 前进 match 比 赛 53)patent 专利 potent 有力的 potential 潜在的 54)police 警察 policy 政策 politics 政治 55)protest 抗议 protect 保护 56)require 需要 inquire 询问 enquire 询问 acquire 获得 57)revenge 报仇 avenge 为...报 仇 58)story 故事 storey 楼层 store 商店 59)strike 打 stick 坚持 strict 严 格的 60)expand 扩张 expend 花费 extend 延长 61)commerce 商业 commence 开始 62)through 通过 thorough 彻底 的(al)though 尽管 thought think 过 去分词 63)purpose 目的 suppose 假设 propose 建议 64)expect 期望 respect 尊敬 aspect 方面 inspect 视察 suspect 怀 疑 65)glide 滑翔 slide 使滑行 slip 跌落 66)steal 偷 steel 钢 67)strive 努力 stride 大步走 68)allusion 暗示 illusion 幻觉 delusion 错觉 elusion 逃避 69)prospect 前景 perspective 透视法 70)stationery 文具 stationary 固定的 71)loose 松的 lose 丢失 loss n 损失 lost lose过去式 72)amend 改正, 修正 emend 校 正

第五篇：六级翻译

(一）《孙子兵法》（The Art of War）是中国古代最重要的一部军事著作之一，是我国优秀传统文化重要组成部分。孙子（Sun Tzu），即该书作者，在书中揭示的一系列具有普遍意义的军事规律，不仅受到军事家们的推崇，还在经济领域，领导艺术，人生追求甚至家庭关系等诸多方面，均有广泛的指导作用。《孙子兵法》中许多名言警句（epigram），富有哲理，意义深远，在国内外广为流传。如今《孙子兵法》中的语言，在世界军事史上具有重要地位。

译点精析：

1、普遍意义的——universal，军事规律——military laws

2、具有广泛的指导作用——play an extensive guiding role.“广泛的”还可以翻译为far-reaching或broad

3、人生追求——the pursuit of life

4、名言警句——famous sayings and epigrams5、意义深远——have profound meanings

6、广为流传—— be widely circulated。”流传“还可用spread表示

参考译文：The Are of War is one of the most important ancient Chinese military literary works,and serves as an important part of outstanding traditional culture in China.Sun Tzu,The author of the book,revealed a series of universal military laws which are not only valued by militarists but also play an extensive guiding role in several fields such as economy,art of leadership,the pursuit of life and even family relationship.There are a lot of famous sayings and epigrams in The Art of War that are rich in wisdom and have profound meanings and are thus widely circulated both at home and abroad.Nowadays The Art of War has been translated into many languages and it also plays an important role in the military history of the world.（二）太极（Tai Chi）是中国文化史上的一个重要概念。太极拳（traditional Chinese shadow boxing）包含一系列缓慢的动作，旨在修炼身心。它是一种舞蹈却不需要随音乐起舞，你只需聆听内心的节奏。太极拳是中国武术（martial art）的一种，他创自数千年前，原本是一种自卫的技艺。全世界成千上万人练习它，主要是由于它对人类健康的神奇作用。因为他将身体动作，平静、冥想（meditative）心境结合起来，所以他长被称作“冥想运动（meditation in motion）”。

【译点精析】

修炼身心——physical and spiritual practice或者physical and mental practice。

不需要音乐起舞——dot no need to dance to music,其中dance...to固定表达，随着...起舞

一种自卫技艺——a self-defensive skill,defensive 译为防御的，防卫的。

它对人类健康的神奇作用——its miraculous effects on human’s health

将身体动作，平静、冥想（meditative）心境结合起来——combines the body’s movements with the calm and meditative state of mind。将...与...结合起来可译为combine...with...state of mind心境

【参考译文】

Tai Chi is a significant notion in Chinese cultural history.Traditional Chinese shadow boxing includes a series of slow movements aiming at the physical and spiritual practice.It is a kind of dance but you do not need to dance to music.You just need to listen to the rhythm of your heart.Traditional Chinese shadow boxing is a kind of Chinese martial art.It was created thousands of years ago and originally used as a selfdefensive skill.It is practiced by thousands of people around the world mostly because of its miraculous effects on human’s health.It is often called “meditation in motion”because it combines the body’s movement-s with the calm and meditative state of mind.（三）电子书（e-book）通常指数字化出版物，它可以包含文字、图片、声音、影像或几者兼有。现在人们经常使用智能手机（smartphone）、平板电脑（tablet）或者专门为电子书制造的电子阅读器来阅读电子书。电子书内容丰富，便于存储，而且价格低廉，有助于阅读的普及。从传统意义上讲，电子书是纸质书的电子化，但现在许多电子书并没有纸质的对应物。电子书以数字形式存储，因此人们随时都可以阅读。2012年，美国电子书的销量首次超过精装书（handcover book）。

[译点精析]

1、数字化译为digitized，而不是digital，是要强调动作概念。

2、专门为...制造译为specially made for...3、阅读的普及：the popularity of reading

4、版本的英文表达version，纸质书译为printed books

5、纸质的对应物：”对应物“可译为equivalent

6、超过：可用surpassed表示，还可以用exceed表示 冲刺备考建议

首先，在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，特别化。常用的简单的表达方式尽量不要用了，选择一些不常用的复杂一点的表达方式会让我们的翻译内容显得更有水平。

其次，掌握重点核心表达，多背搭配，同时利用经典搭配多造句子，完善语法结构。这样不仅可以扩展思维、开阔思路，同时可以提高自己的写作水平。

最后，分析历年真题，强化重点语法知识。如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等。

翻译原文：E-books generally refer to digitized publications.They can include words,pictures,sounds,images,or a combination of two or more.Now people often read e-books with smartphones,tablets,or e-books readers that are specially made for e-books.E-books have colorful contents and are convenient to store.Their prices are cheap and they are conductive to the popularity of reading.E-books are traditionally believed as an electronic version of the printed books.but now many e-books exist without any printed equivalent.E-books are stored digitally,so they can be read at any time.In 2012,e-books sales in the United States surpassed hardcover book sales for the first time.（四）孔子是中國著名的思想家，教育家，以及儒教（Confucianism）的創立者。他的學說深刻影響了中國兩千多年的歷史。孔子因其哲學家思想而著名，他在當時說過很多著名的言論。這些言論幫助人們認識自然，世界和人類行為。他也幫助過政府和帝王。孔子教他們如何成功管理自己的王國。孔子的言論主要收錄在《孔子論語》（Analects of Confucius）一書中。它們反映了孔子政治和道德觀。

Confucius is a famous ancient Chinese thinker ,educator ,and founder of Confucianism which deeply influences China for more than two years.Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China.Those sayings helped people learn about nature ,world ,and human behavior.He also helped the government and the emperor.He taught them lessons on how to rule his kingdom successfully.Confucius's thoughts were mainly collected in the Analects of Confucius.They relects Confucius's thoughts on politics and ethics.解析：

第二句的學說即是儒教，所以可以用定語從句將其與第一句連接起來。影響可以說influence，have an influence on···

Be famous for=be known for因···而著名。

Teach sb.Sth.教某人某事

（五）京剧（Peking Opera）已有200多年的历史，是中国的国剧。与其他地方戏相比，京剧享有更高的声誉，但其实京剧融合了多种地方戏的元素。京剧演员的脸谱（facial make-up）和戏服都很精美，相比之下舞台布景则十分简单，表演者主要应用四种技能：唱、念、做、打。京剧较擅长于表现历史题材的政治，军事斗争，故事大多取自历史演义和小说话本（historic and fictional stories）。在古代，京剧大多是在户外演出的，因此演员们形成了一种有穿透力的唱腔，以便每个人都能听到。

【译点精析】

1,享有更高的声誉——enjoys a higher reputation

2, 戏服——costume

3,相比之下——by contrast

4,舞台布景——backdrop，如果不知道这个词，也可以用background。

5,政治军事斗争——political and military struggle，斗争还可译为battle。

6,在户外——in the open air或者outdoors。

7,形成可用develop表示，而不用shape或form。”有穿透力的“译为piercing。唱腔乍看可能不好翻译，其实就是歌唱的风格，即style of song。

【参考译文】

Peking Opera,as the national opera of China,has a history of more than 200 years.Compared with other Chinese local operas,Peking Opera enjoys a higher reputation,but actually it absorbed many elements of other local operas.The facial make-up and costumes of the performers are very delicate;by contrast,the backdrops are quite plain.During performance,the performers mainly utilize four skills:song,speech,dance,and combat.Peking Opera is better at performing political and military struggle with historical themes and the performed stories are mainly from historic and fictional stories.In ancient times,Peking Opera was mostly performed in the open air,so the performers developed a piercing style of song that could be heard by everyone.自驾游（self-driving tour）属于自助旅游的一种类型，是近年来我国新兴的旅游方式，以自由、灵活、富有个性化等突出特点被旅游者接受和喜爱。自驾游在选择目的地、参与旅程设计和体验自由等方面，给旅游者提供了极大的灵活性，与传统的参团旅游（group tour）相比更具有自身的特点和魅力。随着自驾旅游者增多，自驾游市场已经成形，越来越多的旅行社、汽车俱乐部、汽车租赁公司（car rental companies）看好这个市场，并涉足这一市场的开发。

【译点精析】

1、自助旅游——self-help travel/self-service travel

2、新兴的旅游方式——a new travel mode/a new way of travel

3、自由、灵活、富有个性化等突出特点——striking characteristics of being free,flexible and personalized。striking——显著的，突出的

4、提供了极大的灵活性——provides travelers with great flexibility5、目的地——target place/destination

6、看好这个市场，并涉足这一市场的开发——are optimistic about this market and get involved in the development of the market，其中“看好”——are optimistic about表示“对...持乐观态度”“涉足”——get involved in

【参考译文】

Self—driving tour,a sort of self—help travel,is a new travel mode in China in recent years.It has won traveler's acceptance and love for its striking characteristics of being free,flexible and personalized.It provides travelers with great flexibility in selecting target place,participating in devising travel procedures and experiencing freedom,which endows it with its own characteristics and charm compared with traditional group tour.As self—driving tourists increase,self—driving tour market has taken shape.More and more travel agencies,car clubs and car rental companies are optimistic about this market and get involved in the development of the market.颐和园是世界上保存最完整的皇家园林，也是当今中国最大的皇家园林。它坐落于北京西北部的郊区，占地290公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖构成。在1998年12月，联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)将颐和园列入《世界遗产名录》。该名录宣称“颐和园的人工景观与自然景观和谐地融为一体，堪称中国风景园林设计中的创造性杰作”。

The Summer Palace is regarded as the best-preserved imperial garden in the world,and is the largest of its kind in modern-day China.Situated in the northwestern outskirts of Beijing,the

palace occupies an area of 290 hectares and consists mainly of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.In December 1998 , UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List.It declared

the Summer Palace an“ outstanding expression of the creative art of Chinese Landscape Garden Design,incorporating the works of humankind and nature in a harmonious whole.”

汉语多重复，而英语则常常需要避免重复，因此在翻译重复的汉语是，多采用桶词异译法，或者采用代词来进行替代。该句中of its kind来翻译重复的皇家园林。最后一句，对原文据需进行了调整，原文的两个分句是因果关系，而译文采用了伴随性定语从句来翻译。