施工组织设计 毕业论文 摘要 翻译

第一篇：施工组织设计 毕业论文 摘要 翻译

佛山市狮山镇博爱湖溢流坝工程

施工组织设计

作者：向洪建 专业班级：水利水电工程113 指导教师：朱林

摘 要：佛山市狮山镇博爱调蓄湖水系整治工程建设内容为：新建博爱调蓄湖、挡水溢流堰一座、补水泵站一座、整治河涌两条、排水闸站两座。狮山镇博爱调蓄湖挡水溢流堰工程为博爱调蓄湖与下游河涌水系建设工程的组成部分；是该工程重要建筑物之一。本工程位于南海区狮山镇，狮山镇西南面为北江，西北面为西南涌。

博爱调蓄湖建设包括湖区约 545 亩的水面及 7.265km 的环岛岸线的建设，新建湖区挡水溢流堰一座、补水泵站一座及补水管线。博爱湖将其建成一个具有雨洪调蓄、生态、景观、休闲功能于一体的生态湖区。

其中挡水溢流堰为新建湖区主要调蓄建筑物。该溢流堰为混凝土结构，地基为淤泥质粘土，采用高压旋喷桩处理；溢流堰下游设消力池、海曼、防冲槽等，地基处理采用土方换填措施；下游两岸混凝土翼墙基础均采用高压旋喷桩。

本设计要求根据设计布置和建筑物结构特征、根据现场地形地质条件、气象水文条件及场内外交通、风水电供应、材料供应条件等，确定导流方案，围堰施工方案，基坑开挖，施工临时设施面积，确定溢流坝工程施工方案，进行施工总布置，编制施工总进度计划，提出资源配置计划，作为指导施工管理的纲领、进行成施工本核算的依据。

本次设计分析现场各种因素对建设施工的影响，研究各种可能的对策和措施，经比选确定采用方案；并对方案进行分析计算，使之技术上可靠，经济上合理。经比较筛选，最后得出博爱湖溢流坝工程施工组织设计的具体内容，并绘制出图纸。

关键词：溢流堰；施工组织设计；条件；施工总进度；施工总布置

THE CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATION OF BO’AI LAKE DAM PROJECT IN SHISHAN TOWN FOSHAN CITY Author:Hongjian Xiang

Major and Class:Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering of Class 113

Instructor:Lin Zhu

Abstract:The aim of Bo’ai lake and water system improvement project in Shishan Town Foshan City is build a new Bo’ai lake,a water retaining weir ,a water pump station,the remediation of two rivers,two drainage sluice stations.The Bo’ai retaining weir lake project in Shishan Town is a part of Bo’ai retaining weir and the downstream river construction works;is one of the important buildings of the project.The project is located in Shishan Town, Nanhai District, Shishan town is located on southwest of North River, northwest of the town is southwest River.The project including about 545 acres of water surface and 7.265km of shoreline around the island,to build a new retaining a weir lake,a water pump station and water pipeline.The Bo’ai Lake will be a ecological lake system which can maintain rainwater and flood storage, is a ecological lake, landscape, has leisure functions.The water retaining weir is the main building of the new lake.The water retaining weir is a concrete construction.the base of the weir is sludge clay.Use high-pressure rotary jet grouting pile to process the foundation.In the downstream are stilling pool,the apron, guards against flushes the trough etc.The placement of earth to treat the foundation.The high-pressure rotary jet grouting pile is used to treat the basement of the two sides concrete wing wall.The design requires the determination of the construction scheme and layout,resource allocation plan,construction schedule according to the designed arrangements,the structure characteristics,the site topography and geological conditions, meteorological hydrological conditions,traffic and wind,water,electricity supplement,and material supply conditions, as the guide of the construction management program and the construction of the accounting basis.The design analyses the different influences factors on the construction of the building, do research on different policies and measures, by comparison to determine the scheme,calculate the scheme , make the scheme reliable on technology, reasonable on economic.By comparing, and finally get the the specific content of the project, and draw the blueprint.To work out the diversion scheme, cofferdam construction program, excavation,area of temporary facilities construction.Keywords: water retaining weir,construction organization, conditions,allocation plan, construction layout

第二篇：音乐毕业论文摘要-翻译-目录

音乐教学中如何激发和培养幼儿的学习兴趣

学生：X X，音乐学（音乐表演）专业

指导教师：X X，X X大学艺术学院

摘要

当下学前教育越来越受到社会的关注，音乐教学作为其中的一项也逐渐受到家长的关注。苏霍姆林斯基说过：“所有的智力活动都依赖于兴趣。”所以，没有兴趣就没有创造，只有培养幼儿对音乐的兴趣，才能激发幼儿的创造力和想象力，才能充分挖掘和发挥幼儿的潜能，从而达到音乐教学的目的。本文首先初步的指出幼儿的学习特点，是受兴趣和需求直接驱动，系统的对幼儿的学习特点进行陈述。然后遵循幼儿的学习特点，在音乐教学中激发和培养幼儿的兴趣。本文认为，幼儿音乐教学应注重提高幼儿的审美品位，促进幼儿的情感升华，培养其积极乐观的态度和对美好未来的向往憧憬。

关键词

音乐教学；幼儿；音乐游戏；表现美；兴趣

I

How To Stimulate and Develop Children's Interest In Learning

Music Teaching

Abstract

The current pre-school education is increasingly subject to social concerns, and music teaching as one of an increasingly parents' attention and affirmation.B·A·Cyxomjnhcknn said: “All the intellectual activities are dependent on interested.” Therefore, no interest has not created, only to develop children's interest in music, in order to stimulate children's imagination and creativity, in order to give full play to the children the potential to make it good to feel the beauty and performance of the United States, so as to achieve the goal of music teaching.Firstly, initially pointed out that the learning characteristics of children by the interest and demand for direct-drive system to make a statement on the learning characteristics of children.Then follow the learning characteristics of children, to stimulate and develop children's interest in music teaching.This paper argues that early childhood music education should focus on improving the aesthetic taste of the students and promote students' emotional sublimation, and cultivate a positive and optimistic attitude longing and yearning for a better future.Key words

Music teaching;Child Care;Music gamei;Performance of the United States;Interest

II

目录

摘 要„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„Ⅰ 关 键 词„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„Ⅰ Abstract„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ⅡKey words „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„Ⅱ 目录„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„Ⅲ 绪 论„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1

一、合理选材，精心设计，引起兴趣„„„„„„„„„„„„„2

（一）选取合适材料„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2

（二）教材内容设计„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2

二、鼓励创作，动手动脑，培养兴趣 „„„„„„„„„„„„3

（一）音乐意识加强„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3

（二）教师的引导作用„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3

三、正式差异，因材施教，增强兴趣„„„„„„„„„„„„„4

（一）鼓励幼儿积极自信的参与音乐活动„„„„„„„„„4

（二）挖掘幼儿的乐趣并以此为导向积极培养„„„„„„„4

（三）观察倾听并适当点拨使幼儿不断提高„„„„„„„„5

四、积极评价，恰当鼓励，巩固兴趣„„„„„„„„„„„„„5

（一）重视幼儿从事音乐活动的情感因素„„„„„„„„„6

（二）重视幼儿的探索与创造并给予恰当鼓励„„„„„„„6 结 论„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7 参考文献„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8 致 谢„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9

III

第三篇：毕业论文摘要

长效管理模式对聘用制护士职业状况的影响

聘用制护士的积极性相关因素的调查报告资料：收入，特点是流动性强、专业思想不稳定、缺乏职业发展目标，很大程度与聘用制护士和正式在编护士同工不同酬有关。

职业发展目标的不明确

考核细则和高效奖惩机制是长效管理模式的核心

聘用制护士的管理是护理人力资源研究的重要组成部分，只有建立规范的长效管理模式，制定完整的考核奖惩细则，建立健全保障聘用制护士个人利益的模式，才有利于充分、有效、持久地调动聘用制护士的工作积极性和创造性，稳定护理队伍，提高聘用制护士的综合素质。

晨会提问在护士培训中的应用

护士综合素质，包括主动学习、护患沟通能力、对护理“三基”理论的掌握情况、紧急应变能力，比较合格率或正确率。

临床工作中，如何督促护士更好地掌握理论联系实际的学习方法，从而促进护士专业理论水平的提高，最终提高护理质量。护理技能，快速的判断问题和处理的能力。在全院临床护理单元中开展五分钟晨会提问，对在职护理人员进行护理专业知识学习培训。

提问的内容规定为：护理“三基”内容；危重患者的观察及管理；专科患者的护理和管理；危重疑难或大手术前病例讨论；针对患者的心理活动变化实施的最佳护理措施及时机；最新的护理工作要求及动态信息；护理工作制度；护理服务礼仪规范；卫生法律法规等。护理部督促护士长贯彻实施。② 各科护士长每天总结本科室的护理工作运转情况、存在问题情况及当天护士在工作中暴露的专业知识不足等问题，围绕护理基础及专科护理常规，结合近期护理工作中的薄弱环节及工作重点，联系本病区的实际病例等进行评估，拟定第2天晨会提问的问题，并把问题写在提问记录本上，告知护士。护士获知问题后，有目的地翻阅资料、查看病例或询问病史，经过思考，整理答案。第2天晨会交班后，护士集中，由护士长提出问题，先指定1名年轻护士回答，回答不完善再请高年资护士补充，大家集思广益，得出比较全面、科学的结果。最后护士长作简单的总结，总时间控制在5 min内。每次提问有专人记录。③ 护理部每天上午抽查各科晨会提问执行落实情况，不定期对提问记录本进行检查。每月由护理质量管理与持续改进委员会对提问的情况进行督查，了解护士对所提问题掌握及实际应用情况。

创建学习型护理小组提升护士核心竞争力

创建“学习型组织”的东风，开展“五项修炼”— — 自我超越、改善心智模式、建立共同愿景、团队学习和系统思考L1 宣传活动。由护理部发出倡议，护士长及护士积极响应，营造“创建学习型小组，争做知识型护士”的良好氛围。

每个护理单元为1个“学习型小组”，以科室专科特点命名，护理单元护士长任小组组长，全科护士参与

按学历、年龄分层次培养护理人员，使人才成长形成梯队。，内容包括小组愿景、小组计划、个人愿景、个人规划、科研论文、服务创新、奖惩情况和护理综合质量，分为优秀(≥95分)、良好(90～94分)、一般(85~89分)、差(≤84分)4档。

高校校医院聘用护士的培训管理

强化岗前培训对择优录取的聘用护士，护理部统一组织学习规章制度、行为规范、职业道德、医院现状及发展等，为聘用护士进入临床奠定良好的基础。

注重专科技能培训由护士长负责专科技能培训。① 带教教师的选拔：指定责任心强、综合素质好的高年资护士带教，加强临床实践指导，以充分发挥聘用护士的作用，确保护理质量。② 指定自学内容：以《急救护理学》为蓝本，让聘用护士培训期间及开始单独工作时始终坚持学习，以适应医院门诊和急救的工作需要。增强聘用护士对知识点的学习和掌握，在自学和工作中领会每个知识点对促进患者健康的重大意义。③ 讲授专科知识及各种急救仪器的使用，如心电图、心电监护仪、呼吸机、除颤仪等。通过集中上课、随机教学等形式对聘用护士进行专科技能培训，提高聘用护士的专科知识水平。④安

全教育和培训：新聘人员因缺少工作经验，缺乏锻炼或责任心不强，很容易发生差错，所以要进行安全教育和培训，强化三基训练，随时进行安全教育，要求她们参加医院或护理部组织的各种知识培训。⑤ 护理操作技能培训：对临床常用护理操作进行逐项培训考试，使她们掌握临床常见的基本技能和应急处理技巧。主要采取护理部一护士长二级质量监控，对聘用护士的工作质量进行检查督促。护理部要求护士长把聘用护士作为重点培养对象，护士长定期进行跟班检查，护理部在进行日常护理查房时也将其作为重点抽查考核的对象，对在工作中主动性差、服务态度生硬、技术水平欠缺的聘用护士或出现差错者，护理部在进行教育的同时，根据医院的规定对当事人在给予耐心教育指导后，必要时予以处罚或向医院领导提出解聘的意见。

重视培训处理紧急突发事件的能力 护理部对新聘用护士经常考核紧急突发事件的处理方式，讲解各种专业技术的操作经验和技巧，注重其实际工作能力的培养和提高。如醉酒患者意识障碍时的处理要点(指导陪护有效配合，始终让患者去枕平卧，头偏向一侧，使患者保持呼吸道通畅，以免呕吐物致患者窒息)，使聘用护士感觉到护士在临床中既是护理者，又是管理者。

抓好继续教育工作：加强职业素质教育（着重从医德医风、护理行为、服务质量、沟通技巧等方面进行职业教育）；注重知识更新：采取多种渠道、多种形式拓宽她们的知识面，如利用专题讲座、请专家授课和培训等形式组织她们学习新业务、新知识（“心脏按压和人工呼吸；“抗生素的合理使用”，“常见心律失常的诊断与治疗„„）；发挥骨干作用 注重培养聘用护士中的骨干，尤其是对高学历统招护士，注意充分发挥其作用；严格制度管理，做好思想教育工作坚持制度化管理，坚持领导带头，以身作则。教育聘用护士具备“如果自己今天不努力工作，明天将努力找工作”的观点，以增强在编护士和聘用护士的竞争意识l2]。经常通过中午和下午交接班人员较多时，指出工作中的不足，有针对性地学习相关制度，扬长避短，奖优罚劣。随时了解聘用护士的思想动态、工作表现和要求等，做到管理者平时工作认真抓，有苗头及时抓，出现问题下力抓，有效杜绝重大问题的发生[3]。对个别责任心不强、工作易出现护理安全隐患的聘用护士予以辞退。

讨论：目前，国内各医院护士短缺、编制不足、待遇低、流动性大，主要通过招聘临时护士解决人力不足的问题。护理工作是医院医疗服务工作的重要组成部分，对聘用护士管理水平的高低直接影响着医院的整个医疗水平。因此，控制护理风险，提高护理质量是每位护理管理者的重要任务。

我院在聘用护士录取和专科技能培训中，主要特点是理论考试试题结合基层医院特点，注重以基础护理为主，辅以常见内外科疾病及急诊急救知识相结合；其次是选拔资深护士、护士长亲自带教；在以《急救护理学》为蓝本、以专科知识为主要自学内容，培训各种抢救仪器使用基础上，高年资带教教师自始至终进行指导和跟踪培训；护理部经常抽查，严格制度管理，注重实际能力的培养。使聘用护士很快适应工作，能独挡一面完成工作任务。几年来，我们运用这种跟踪管理的办法在临床上已初见成效。当然，在管理中尚存在很多不足。对带教教师提出更高的标准化和文字化的要求；对新人人员培训形成制度化、内容文字化、管理精细化是我们今后努力的方向。

规范化培训护士基础护理能力评价分析

基础护理能力是护理人员岗位胜任的关键能力。

测评工具以卫生部护理技能评价标准及理论提问为依据，结合医院“护理技术操作质量评分表”综合形成。，主要测评项目包括：密闭式输液、各种注射、静脉采血、给氧、配药、无菌技术、雾化吸入、口腔护理、生命体征监测等，基础护理能力测评方式采取对照测评标准进行行为观察和效果评价。讨论：提示护理管理人员在注重护理基础专业能力的同时不要忽略新进护士的社会化教育，包括专业思想的巩固、职业道德和价值观的建立等。学历；提示加强培训护士护理基本技能培养，是保证临床护理质量的关键，进一步证实卫生部要求立足岗位，加强护理人员技能训练的必要性。同时，也为护士规范化培训内容及技能培训的要求重点提供了进一步完善的依据；

存在问题包括：在操作过程中护士沟通能力较为薄弱，主动关心病人不够，出操作过程中护患融洽沟通及对护理操作对象的有关解释说明，对相关知识的宣传指导方面在意识和能力上都显示出欠缺。另

外，培训护士在基础护理操作方法的掌握和熟练程度方面还有待进一步加强；在护士职业安全保护方面意识不够，操作过程中还暴露出无菌技术观念较薄弱的现象。针对测评过程中存在的薄弱环节，如沟通和健康指导能力、基础护理操作技术的方法及熟练程度、操作过程中的职业防护意识和能力等采取针对性措施进行加强，使其符合临床护理工作要求。提高培训护士的基本护理专业水平和岗位胜任能力。

合同制护士管理实践与体会

形成了一整套规范的管理模式，即规范准入、规范培训、规范试用、规范考核管理。

规范准人管理，健全组织医院成立招聘护士领导小组，下设办公室具体负责。面试及考试考核，依照医院人事管理制度，对新进人员均要进行岗前培训，培训内容为：一是相关医疗法律、法规、部门规章、医院各项规章制度以及护理各项制度；二是医德医风、护士行为规范、安全防护知识、院感知识；三是由护理部组织基础护理知识讲座及基本技能操作培训。最后对以上内容进行考试考核合格后，才能进人临床试用期。

严格带教严格岗位培训 为了能尽快提高其业务水平和业务技能，除每月组织他们参加全院护士两次业务学习、一次全院护理大查房、一次护理技能操作培训外，还要求他们参加科内每月一次的专科知识讲座、专科技能培训、护理业务查房和读书报告会等。严格考核录用综合评定其综合能力，科室进行专科理论考试、技能操作考核、民主测评均合格后进行日常考核，护理部每季进行抽查考核，内容为： “三基三严”、护理各项操作规程(三基理论，科内每季考试一次，护理部半年考试一次；护理技术操作，科内每月培训考核一次，护理部每月组织抽考一次)、医德医风、行为规范、遵守各项规章制度等。每月考核结果与年终个人考核挂钩，年终科内个人考核成绩位居末位者，实行末位淘汰制，予以解聘。

护士分组层级管理在急诊护理管理中的实施探讨

分组分层方法根据护理人员职称、学历、工作经验和专业技术水平能力进行护士分层分组管理；将急诊组主管护师、护师、高年资护士、低年资(和见习)护士、输液室护士分为5个层级梯队，科护士长全面管理，实行护士长一组长一主管护士一护师一高年资护士一低年资(和见习)护士的分组层级管理框架。护士长对小组的管理 每月召开组长会议一次，向护士长汇报本组护理人员护士工作、学习、生活情况。每月科室培训考核小组对护士进行抽查考核，了解培训效果。

充分利用人力资源，增强了护士的自豪感；调动护理人员的积极性，保证急诊护理队伍的稳定；有利于护理人才的培养，保证护理安全在排班上注意新老搭配，使年轻护士各班次均得到主管护士、护师的工作指导和心理支持，有利于工作能力的提高，利于护理人才综合素质的培养，有利于护理安全。使护理管理更系统化实施分组层级护理管理，在原有护理部一科护士长一护士长三级管理体系基础上，又形成了护理组长～高年资护士一低年资护士三级业务管理体系，完善了护理质量控制系统，护士长通过对组长的授权作用，发挥和培养组长管理能力，全面了解本科护理人员工作、学习、生活和技术培训效果；同时根据各小组意见及时解决护理工作中的问题，不断改进护理管理方法。密切了医护关系，提高医护配合的默契。

第四篇：摘要翻译

要

牵引变电所作为电气化铁道的供电电源，是铁路供电系统的重要组成部分，直接影响铁路行车安全。由于所内集中的电气设备较多，发生雷击时，很容易引起设备故障，进而影响铁道供电的安全性和可靠性。因此，可通过将避雷器安装在理想的位置，以防止雷击对牵引变电所内设备造成损害，保证牵引供电系统的安全可靠性。

本设计采用EMTP(The Electromagnetic Transients Program,电磁暂态分析程序)应用软件，以哈大线牵引变电所为例，建立220kV牵引变电所仿真模型，对其雷电侵入波的特性进行仿真分析，比较雷击点、杆塔冲击接地电阻、避雷器安装位置等不同因素对牵引变电所内电气设备上过电压的影响，并根据分析结果确定避雷器的最佳安装点。

根据基于EMTP的牵引变电所仿真模型，针对不同避雷器设置方案对雷电侵入波防护效果的模拟和分析结果，选择的最佳避雷器安装方案为：在变压器和互感器入口处均设置避雷器。

As the power supply of electrified railway, traction substation is an important part of the railway power supply system, which directly affects the safety of railway traffic.Because of the large amount of centralized equipment in traction substation, it is easy to cause equipment failure by lightning, and then affect the safety and reliability of railway power supply system.Therefore, the a The Electromagnetic Transients Program e equipment in traction substation from lightning strikes and to ensure the safety and reliability of tractive power supply system.This design uses EMTP(The Electromagnetic Transients Program)application software, take the railway traction substation as an example, the establishment of 220kV traction substation simulation model, electromagnetic transient simulation software, to analysis lightning invasion wave of 220 kV traction substation simulation.Effect on the equipment of lightning struck point, the surge ground-resistance and the place arrester ridded are compared, to ensure the right location of arrester.According to the traction substation model, which based on the EMTP, the effect of lightning overvoltage by different installation scheme about arrester is simulated and analysed.According to the simulation results, it is adopted as lightning protection design scheme that arresters should be located near transformer and mutual inductor.

第五篇：摘要翻译

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC), a single official economic forum at first, now has developed into a economic cooperation organization that plays an important role in the world.As the continually expanding of its scale , its original several members now become 21.Its importance for the world has been greatly improved, and its influence for international regional economic cooperation also has rapidly expanded.This paper makes some introduction to APEC, but the emphasis of it is to study APEC’s influence for international trade and the relevant countermeasures analyses.In 2014, APEC is held again in China.China has joined APEC for 25 years, as the opening of APEC meeting, Chinese actual economic change in this 25 years once again becomes the focus of attention for scholars.For this issue, this paper talks about Chinese development process in this 25 years, and the concerned focus and establishment of countermeasures in 2014 APEC meeting, so that the impact that China’s entry into APEC makes for Chinese trade can be grasped as a whole.For the development situation and existing problems of APEC in recent years, this paper offers some relevant suggestions.And according to the meeting content and development situation, this paper also analyzes APEC’s future planning.