21世纪大学英语第二册 unit 3 整理大全

第一篇：21世纪大学英语第二册 unit 3 整理大全

Unit 3

1.Conflict

N.冲突，矛盾

• Conflict between A and BA与B之间的矛盾

– 宗教(religion)和科学之间的矛盾

 The conflict between religion and science

• Be in conflict(with …)有矛盾

– 这两个政党(party)从选举(election)以来就一直有冲突。

 The two parties have been in conflict since the election.武装冲突 •

 This is a serious dispute and could lead to armed conflict.Vi.(同……)冲突；(同……)抵触

– 英国的移民法与国际法有抵触么？

 Do British immigration laws conflict with any international laws?互相矛盾的意见【建议、证词】

 Conflicting opinions/ advice/ evidence

• We have planned an exciting publicity _B_ with our advertisers.A)struggleB)campaign

C)battleD)conflict

The test results are beyond _D_;they have been repeated in labs all over the world.A)negotiationB)conflict

C)bargainD)dispute • •

2.Qualify

Vt.& VI.(使)具有[取得]资格

• Qualify sb.to do sth.赋予(某人)做……的资格

– 他所受的培训使他具有担任那项工作的资格。

 His training qualified him for the job.• Qualify(for/as)sth.取得……的资格

– 你有取得作为做一名教师的资格么？

 Did you qualify as a teacher?

Adj.qualified有资格的, 适合的, 胜任的– 他很适合担任那个职位。

 He is well qualified for the position.N.qualification合格证书;资格, 条件;限制, 限定性条件;

– 杰克取得了行医资格证书。

 Jack has obtained a medical qualification.– 你有资格做这份工作。

 You have all qualifications to do the job.– 该合同对双方都提出了几个限制性条件。

 The contract has several qualifications for both parties.3.Contract

• 口头协定An oral(a verbal)contract 违约，背约A breach of contract婚约Marriage contract

– 他与这家公司签订有两年的(雇佣)合约。

 He has a two-year contract(of employment)with the firm.Vt.(与…)订(…的)合同；承包(…)

– 他们缔结了一项协议。

 They've contracted an agreement.Vi.Vt.染患（疾病、恶习等）；缩小，（金属肌肉等）收缩

– 我儿子感染了肺炎

 My son contracted pneumonia(肺炎).– 坏习惯很容易养成。

 Bad habits are easy to contract.– 金属冷却时体积缩小。

 Metal contracts as it become cool.N.契约, 合同

– 你一旦达成正式协议, 就应该和对方签订合同。

 Once you have reached formal agreement, you should enter into a contract with

the other party.• Contractionn.订约；(分娩时)子宫收缩；收缩, 缩短；缩减

• Contractorn.立合同的人，工程承包商

The advertisement says this material doesn’t _C_ in the wash, but it has.A)contract

C)slimB)shrink D)dissolve •

4.Apparent

• Be apparent to sb.…对某人来说很明显

Adj.显然的, 明白的, 清晰可见的– 大家都看的出她焦虑不安。

 Her anxiety was apparent to everyone.Adj.貌似的；表面上的 The apparent improvement in this year’s profits is due to the selling off of some

of the company’s property.5.Approve

• Approve of sb.sth.或者doing sth.赞成某人干某事

Vi赞成，同意，支持

– 我不赞成(人们)在床上吸烟。

 I don’t approve of smoking in bed. I don’t approve of people who smoke in bed.N.•

• Approval赞成，同意；认可，批准 • Disapproval不赞成，反对 If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.A)approveB)will approve

C)can approveD)would approve

6.Justify

Vt.证明（行为、言语等）正常、合理，为……辩护

• Justify to sb.by doing 以…向（某人）证明…

– 这个男孩为自己辩护说他没有首先动手打人。

 The boy justified himself by saying he did not begin the fight.– 他说他来晚了, 企图以此向我辩解

 He tried to justify himself to me by saying that he was late.Adj.•

N.• • justification正当的理由;辩解的理由 These teachers try to be objective when they _B_ the integrated ability of their students.A)justify

C)indicateB)evaluateD)reckon Justified(in sth.)有正当理由的，合理的7.Ensure

Vt.确保[某事]发生，担保

• Ensure that ….– 如过你想确保赶上火车，最好乘出租车。

 If you want to ensure that you catch the plane, take a taxi.• Ensure sb.sth

– 由他推荐，可以确保我得到工作。

 His recommendation will ensure me a job.Ensure vs.Assure

• Ensure: 确保某事肯定发生

• Assure: 确保；使确信，使相信

• He _ assured _ us of his ability to solve the problem

The excellent reviews given to the film have _ ensured;assured _ its success.a)run into

• 快速进入…;流入…

– 风暴骤起, 轮船只得急忙躲进海港。

 The ship has to run into the harbor when the sudden storm arises.偶然遇见

– 昨天我在大街上偶然遇到了鲍勃。

 I ran into Bob yesterday on Main Street.– 如果你不当心，会碰到麻烦的。

 You will run into trouble if you don’t take care.

驱车造访…

– 我们今天到乡下转了一圈, 玩得很愉快。

 We ran into the country today and had a wonderful day.• 加起来, 累计达

– 他们的债务达到了几千英镑。

 They had debts running into thousands of pounds.•(使)碰撞

– 她如此困倦, 以致撞到路灯杆上。

 She was so sleepy that she ran into a lamppost.• •

b)a multitude of

• 大量, 许多

– 有大量反对它的理由。

 There is [are] a multitude of reasons against it.大众, 民众, 群众

– 政治权力一直在民众手中。

 Political power has been placed in the hands of the multitude.•

8.Escalate

•(使)逐步升级;(使)逐步扩大

– 政府开始轰炸敌方的城市, 使战争进一步扩大。

 The government escalated the war by starting to bomb enemy cities.•(使)更高,(使)更大

– 生活费用在迅速上涨。

 The cost of living is escalating.9.Transfer

• 转移;转让;转录

– 布莱克转会到一个意大利足球俱乐部令他的所有拥护者大为震惊。

 Blake’s transfer to an Italian football club came as a shock to all his supporters.转移;迁移

– 这家公司已搬到东部某地。

 The company has transferred to an eastern location.•

10.Accept

• 接受, 领受, 收受

– 如果你接受的话, 请通知我。

 If you accept, please let me know.承担责任;承兑

– 这家公司承兑私人支票。

 The firm accepted personal cheques.• 承认, 同意;认为, 相信

– 请把我当作朋友。

 Please accept me as a friend.•

c)Get into the habit of doing sth.养成···的习惯

– 他养成了一回家就看电视的习惯。

 He’s got into the habit of switching on the TV as soon as he gets home.– 在大学时期，我养成了在图书馆学习的习惯。

•  I got into the habit of studying in the library when I was in college.Once _ he’d got into the habit of eating with chopsticks_(他养成了用筷子吃饭的习惯), he

preferred them to a knife and fork.d)Come to an end中止；结束

– 这份临时工作干完以后，他就又失业了。

 When this temporary job comes to an end, he’ll be unemployed again.e)pick up

• 拾起, 捡起;抬起

– 他抱起孩子, 让她骑在自己的肩膀上。

 He picked up the child and put her on his shoulders.• 安排接取;使搭乘;搭救

– 那艘轮船在沿海每个港口停下, 搭载乘客和接取邮件。

 The ship calls at each port on this coast to pick up passengers and mail.爬〔站〕起来;振作起来

– 他的精神振奋起来了。

 His spirits picked up.使增加〔加快〕

– 一开上高速公路, 车子的速度就加快了。

 The car began to pick up the moment the vehicle got onto the motorway.收拾东西〔屋子〕

– 孩子们, 该收拾吃晚饭了。

 Children, it's time to pick up and have supper.• • •

• 掘, 挖

– 农民们在田里翻地。

 The peasants were picking up in the field.染上

– 我不知道孩子们上哪儿学到这些无礼的字眼的！

 I don’t know where my children have picked up those rude words!

– 他开始鼻塞, 一定是感冒了。

 He must have picked up a cold—he's begun to snuffle.•

• 捉住, 逮住

– 他和一宗凶杀案有牵连, 迟早他们会逮捕他的。

 He was implicated in a murder, and sooner or later they would pick him up.好转;恢复

– 天气什么时候转好?几周来一直很糟糕。

 When is the weather going to pick up? It's been bad for weeks.•

f)at all hours在〔到〕任何时候都没关系

– 你什么时候来我家都没关系。

 You can come to my house at all hours.g)Surpass超过； 优于； 多于；非…所能办到

– 他比他的所有对手都强。

 He surpassed all his rivals.– 你的优异表现已经超出了所有人的期望。

 Your excellent performance has surpassed everyone’s expectations.h)be faced with 面对困难

– 他在毕业后面临一个艰难的选择，是回家乡还是留在大城市。

 He is faced with a difficult choice after graduation: to go back to his hometown

or stay in the big city._ Faced with severe financial problems_(面临严重的财政问题), the company had to lay off some of the workers.

第二篇：新视野大学英语第二册Unit 4 Text

Unit 4 Text A 大学情侣 我微笑着看着我那两个可爱的女儿，她们似乎比她们的父母还是大学情侣那会儿更为成熟。琳达，21岁，在大学一年级交过一个男友，她曾以为会跟那个男孩结婚，但他们已不再来往了。梅丽莎，19岁，还没有一个固定的男友。我的女儿不知何时才能遇到她们的那个“唯一”，她们伟大的爱。她们认为她们的父亲和我有着一段经典的、童话般的浪漫史，从一开始就直奔婚姻的殿堂。也许，她们是正确的，但在那时似乎并不是那么回事。在某种程度上，爱神恰恰在你最没准备时来临。谁曾想到，布奇和我最终会结婚呢？ 他之所以成为我男友，只是因为当时我那肤浅的打算：我要找一个可爱的男友！我们通过我的大学室友介绍在大学食堂相识。在那个命中注定的夜晚，我只是好奇，但对他而言，我认为是一见钟情。他凝视着我的脸，说：“你有一双美丽的眼睛。” 他整个晚上一直盯着我。我真的对他没那么感兴趣，其原因有二。首先，他看起来就像是一个野小子，甚至还有些危险。其次，虽然他很可爱，却似乎有点怪异。他骑着自行车经过我的宿舍，装作与我“偶遇”，看到我时还假装惊讶。我喜欢被重视的感觉，但对他的野性和充满活力的个性却小心谨慎。他很会说话，这会迷倒任何女孩。当我开始爱上他时，恐惧向我袭来。他那令人激动的“坏小子形象”简直太诱人了。究竟是什么吸引了我？ 我，一直口碑极好。为了获得优异的成绩，我的注意力只专注在自己的学习上。但又怎么样呢？ 大学应该是学习的好时间，可也应该有一些乐趣。我已几乎达成了伟大的教育目标，离毕业只有一学期之遥了。但我却还没有享受过任何乐趣，我的生活乏味，没有一点新鲜感！我需要一个男朋友，当然不是任何男朋友。他必须很可爱。于是我那个学期的目标就成为：雄心勃勃，抓住一个我能找到的最可爱的男友。我担心他会怎么看我。不错，我们生活在一个性观念正在发生戏剧性转变的时代，但我是一个传统的女孩，对在校园里似乎常见的新方式还没有心理准备。布奇看上去很出色！我对他的个性毫无免疫力，但我对此很害怕。那天晚上当他向大家宣布我是他女友时，我是同意的。但我随后突然清醒：“噢，我的天哪！我是他女友吗？这是怎么回事？” 紧接着，他在我耳边低声地甜言蜜语：“有一天我要娶你，我会成为一名律师。你会看到这一天的。” 我笑着对自己说：“我绝不会嫁给这个家伙。他是一个没有前途的叛逆者。他是我男朋友，只因为我恨枯燥的学生生活。我只想得到乐趣而已。” 果然，一个月后，我发现他所有的课程都不及格。因而，他将被大学除名。令我厌恶的是，他似乎屈从了自己的命运。我知道还有希望，所以我让他去学院的秘书那儿进行复议。我告诉他：“你要先从宾夕法尼亚大学拿到政治学学士学位，然后进入法律学院。”我以他的名义递交了呈请书，结果被批准了。校方同意复议布奇的情况。我们的男女朋友关系一经确定，他就协调了他的学习和社交生活，结果各门课都通过了。他最终学了法律。尽管布奇的性格有点野，但他在骨子里却是一个完美的绅士，这值得高度赞扬。的确，他有时会在我朋友面前亲吻我的嘴，擅自表达他的爱。我的朋友看到了很惊讶，也很不以为然。但事实上，我们在整整七年的恋爱关系中一直是纯洁和负责的。我们坐在棕榈树下，手牵着手，听着浪漫的歌曲，观赏着日落，编织着和我们自己的孩子在一起的美梦，一直到永远。两年糊里糊涂地过去了。一天，布奇出其不意地手捧着一打红玫瑰跪下向我求婚。我心中充满了深情，也坦诚了对他的爱：“太太太太太浪漫了！” 可我随即从幻想中惊醒。我大喊出来：“天哪。不！我们现在结婚还太早了。我们甚至还没有大学毕业呢！” 我真的很喜欢他，但我对我们感情修成正果的机率却持悲观态度。五年后，我们结了婚。我们忠实的爱和学习之旅带我们走过艰难崎岖的岩石路，走上平坦易行的公路。它是一个永久、浪漫，有时又疯狂的爱情故事。它诠释了一对仍在疯狂地爱着对方的夫妇如何一起度过了29年之久的蜜月。我们的爱从漫不经心的互相吸引开始，但最终却发展出成熟的爱情和富足的生活。

Unit 4 Text B 恋爱预留日 每天我都焦急地等你来上课。我迫不及待地等待我们的互相微笑，互问早安。你在离上课仅几秒前才出现，在那之前，我对任何东西都无动于衷，只会注意你的到来。我不温习功课，却期待着你的脚步声，期待听到你的声音。今天你又来晚了, 但我不介意，因为在想约你出去的冲动被克制了一个月之后，今天我感觉大胆多了。今天，我要采取行动。我知道约会方式近年来有了显著的改变，对许多女性来说，邀请男性出去已不是什么大胆的举动。但是，因为我所受的传统教育，邀请你出去这一简单的概念似乎非同寻常。从小到大，这一信息很明确：男性必须主动出击，联络女性。他们应该打电话，要求约会，并支付约会的费用。然而，在大学这么些年，我了解到的并非如此。我的许多女性朋友通过主动提出与男性交往，让她们的社交生活迸出了火花。我的女性朋友都认为，女性必须更多地参与约会的过程。“我不能无所事事、一味等待，”我的前室友曾说。“虽然这很难，但如果我想约会，我必须邀请男人出去！” 更多的女性在争取主动，在邀请男性出去。许多男性说他们认同这一新现象。他们都松了一口气，约会不再仅仅取决于男性自己的意愿和勇气来踏出第一步。那么，我为什么还这么紧张？ 我告诉自己要放松，因为如今的约会要比以往来得轻松。一个大学的约会可以是两个人一起做任何事，从一起学习到一起共度闲暇时间，如看电影。我的同龄人大多喜欢非正式的约会，因为它花费更少，且舒适。学生邀请人打网球要比他们计划一个正式场合的约会更感轻松。非正式约会的额外好处是，它鼓励人们在开始浪漫的关系前，先建立起健康的友谊。这样，年轻人可以更容易放松心情和了解对方。例如，我的室友和她的男友在他们来电之前做了四个月的普通朋友。他们经常与一群共同的朋友出去。他们轮流买单。“他就像任何其他的朋友一样，”我的室友笑着说。另一位朋友认为，非正式约会能改善人们的社会生活，使他们周旋于更广泛的社交圈。当她想要让一个男人知道她对他很感兴趣时，她会说：“嘿，我们去喝一杯酸奶吧”或“来一杯茶如何？” 可谁来买单？ 这可不如以前那么容易了，因为求爱的传统规则正在发生重大变化。初步统计的数字也证明了这一点。众多的青年男子说，在约会几次后，女性应该帮着一同买单。几乎相等百分比的女性要求自己买单，哪怕是第一次约会。但巨大的困惑仍然存在，新规则还有待澄清。我自己过去的约会教会了我一些东西。“各付各的” 或是让我的约会对象买单可以说都是绝对的挑战。有一个约会对象在我们第一次约会时，还没等我提出相左的建议，就掏出了钱包。在晚餐后散步时，他告诉我他想跟我谈恋爱。当我解释我对做朋友更感兴趣时，他似乎感到不快。他解释说，因为我接受了他请我吃晚餐，所以他认为我会跟他恋爱。他似乎对请我吃饭一事很生自己的气，而我也很后悔让他这么做。另一个约会对象，在我急忙打开钱包掏出钱，并提出各付各的时，他皱起了眉头。我客气地问道：“我欠你多少钱？” 他说：“嗯，嗯，你真的不欠我什么，但如果你坚持……” 他显得极为尴尬。对他而言，我要付钱的行动已传达了他被拒绝的信息。在试图搞清约会的新规则时，每个人似乎都感到困惑。谁应请谁出去？ 谁应付钱？什么时候付？ 所以，虽然我认为穿着正式地去一个传统、正式的约会是一种乐趣，但我还是乐意去非正式的约会，因为它给我的社交生活带来了有价值的一面。因为是非正式约会，压力较小，且更平等。我可以送别人玫瑰，别人也可以送我！非正式约会值得去做，因为它管用。所以，我在这里等待着。没有神奇的方案可以确保他会说“好的”。我得放松，做我自己，并用一种没有废话的方式邀请他出去。他终于到了。在悄悄地溜到他的书桌时，他拍拍我的肩膀，说：“嗨，早上好啊！” “早上好，”我谨慎地回答。因为紧张，我的心紧揪着，可是我征服了恐惧，问道：“嘿，这个周五下课后一起吃午餐，怎么样？” “你的意思是期中考试后吗？”他用难以掩饰的热情说：“我很愿意和你一起吃午餐。” 我很激动，笑得很开心，并跟他确认：“那，我们就定了那天啦！” “好，就那样！”他兴高采烈地回答。

第三篇：大学英语精读第二册 Unit 10 Profits of Praise

Are we too quick to blame and slow to praise? It seems we are.Unit Ten Profits of Praise

It was the end of my exhausting first day as waitress in a busy New York restaurant.My cap had gone awry, my apron was stained, my feet ached.The loaded trays I carried felt heavier and heavier.Weary and discouraged, I didn't seem able to do anything right.As I made out a complicated check for a family with several children who had changed their ice-cream order a dozen times, I was ready to quit.Then the father smiled at me as he handed me my tip.“Well done,” he said.“You've looked after us really well.”

Suddenly my tiredness vanished.I smiled back, and later, when the manager asked me how I'd liked my first day, I said, “Fine!” Those few words of praise had changed everything.Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit;we cannot flower and grow without it.And yet, while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.Why“beautiful”even housewives.Do you ever go into a house and say, “What a tidy room”? Hardly anybody does.That's why housework is considered such a dreary grind.Comment is often made about activities which are relatively easy and satisfying, like arranging flowers;but not about jobs which are hard and dirty, like scrubbing floors.Shakespeare said, “Our praises are our wages.” Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she of all people should get her measure.Mothers know instinctively that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding.Still, we're not always as perceptive as we might be about applying the rule.One day I was criticizing my children for squabbling.“Can you never play peacefully?” I shouted.Susanna looked at me quizzically.“Of course we can,” she said.“But you don't notice us when we do.”

Teachers agree about the value of praise.One teacher writes that instead of drowning students' compositions in critical red ink, the teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time, and commenting favorably on them.“I believe that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual

standard,” writes the teacher, “and that he waits hungrily for a brief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too.”

Behavioral scientists have done countless experiments to prove that any human being tends to repeat an act which has been immediately followed by a pleasant result.In one such experiment, a number of schoolchildren were divided into three groups and given arithmetic tests daily for five days.One group was consistently praised for its previous performance;another group was criticized;the third was ignored.Not surprisingly, those who were praised improved dramatically.Those who were criticized improved also, bus not so much.And the scores of the children who were ignored hardly improved at all.Interestingly the brightest children were helped just as much by criticism as by praise, but the less able children reacted badly to criticism, needed praise the most.Yet the latter are the very youngsters who, in most schools, fail to get the pat on the back.To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment's thought and a moment's effortand yet consider the results it may produce.“I can live for two months on a good compliment,” said Mark Twain.So, let's be alert to the small excellences around us-and comment on them.We will not only bring joy into other people's lives, but also, very often, added happiness into out own.

第四篇：21世纪 大学英语读写教程第二册Unit 10

Unit 10The Next 30 Years

I.Teaching Objectives

1.Understand the audio materials of this unit.2.Grasp the key words , phrases and structure.3.Master the skills of writing and reading in this unit.1)Developing prediction+illustrations passages

2)Scanning for organization in reading materials.II.Teaching Content

1.Lead-in Activities

2.Text Organization

3.Skill Learning in Writing and Reading.Language Points(key words, phrases and difficult sentences)

5.Grammar Focus(“As” used as a conjunction to mean “and so too”).Guided Practice(exercises, oral practice and group work)

III.Teaching Process

1.Warm-up Questions/Activity

1)Group Writing

looking for one aspect about the future development or problems and focusing on it and working together with the group members to write up a whole paragraph:

What will happen and what will the future be like in the next 30 years?

2)General introduction : This article looks to the future in the next 30 years.It predicts about living standards,life expectancy, lifestyle and risks and problems.The author describes a beautiful blue print passionately and imaginatively.We are lucky and happpy to enter another hitech era and enjoy the advance of technology but we also must hold a caucious attitude toward the future dangers and problems.2.Text Organization

The text can be divided into four parts:

Part I(para1-2)General introduction: Influenced by years of reading articles and books about the future, the author offers his predictions in the next 30 years.Part II(para4-14)There will be great new achievements in the next 30 years: rising living standards, increased life expectancy and better lifestyle.Part III(para16-18)Humans will also face some dangers and problems in the next 30 years: violence and environmental devastation.Part IV(para19)A conclusion—Despite the above-mentioned problems, human civilization is still making genuine progress.3.Skill Learning in Writing and Reading

1)Writing Skill: Developing prediction+illustrations passages

This kind of passage begins with general prediction, and then is supported by illustrations.Example:

The trends indicate that next semester, teachers will be better off than ever before.All of

them will receive salaries much higher than their parents and grandparents ever dreamed of.At the same time, treated with greater respect by their students, teachers around the globe will enjoy their work much more.As a result, their mental and physical health will improve.Happy and satisfied teachers will become commonplaces.2)Reading Skill: Scanning for organization in reading materials.When you’re reading a text in order to find specific information, scanning it first to get an idea of the way the text is organized can be a big help.Visual clues—things like numbers and dates;lists, sections and subtitles(小标题);dialogs, quotations and recurring phrases—are easy to see in a text, and can often give us a good picture of its organization and content before we start reading.When we read in our own language, we usually notice the visual clues automatically, without thinking about them.When you’re reading in English, paying conscious attention to visual clues before you read can improve your comprehension and make your reading more efficient.4.Language Points

1)In less than 3 years the world will reach the outstanding year 2000, and in less

than four----on January 1, 2001, to be precise-----a new millennium will begin.(para1)

outstanding: adj.striking, great

precise: adj.a)exact in form, detail, measurements, time, etc.精确的b)particular;exact;very 恰好的c)sharply clear极清楚的Example:

Now the time is about four o'clock, or to be precise, it is one minute past four.2)I am encouraged to offer my personal view of what is likely to happen in the next 30 years—a view that is heavily influenced by years of reading articles and books about the future.(para1)a view:an idea/a notion/an attitude

3)The problems and dangers now facing the world are, in my judgement, for outweighed by solutions and opportunities.(para2)

Paraphrase----In my opinion, though the world is faced with problems and dangers , what is much more important is that there are solutions to these problems and dangers as well as opportunities for solving them.In one’s judgement: in one’s opinion

Examples:

In my judgement, we should do it.In the parents’ judgement, children should be more independent.outweigh: vtbe more important than

4)It is true enough that humans have an extraordinary genius for making mistakes, but it is balanced by our strong tendency to notice and correct them.(para2)

Paraphrase----It is true , indeed, that humans are especially capable of making mistakes, but it is also true that they always tend to see the mistakes and correct them.Genius: n.special quality

Examples:

Its simplicity is the genius of the plan.Competition is the genius of market-oriented economy.balance: vt cause to be equal in importance, amount, weight, etc.;offset

tendency:n inclination;way a person or thing tends to be or behave

Examples:

He has a tendency to talk too much.Prices are showing an upward tendency.5)The trends indicate that humans will be better off economically 30 years from now than they

are today.(para4)

be better off: be in comfortable economic ciecumstance;have more money than beforeExamples:

She was much better off after she got a second job.Most people believe that people will be off in the future.6)Expertise will flow easily and cheaply to places where it is needed.Paraphrase----Special skill and knowledge will be available conveniently and at low cost to

people in different places who need it.(para4)

7)New materials will permit improvements in products ranging from refrigerators to

automobiles;…(para5)

Paraphrase----New materials will make it possible to affect improvements in a large variety

of products including refrigerators and automobiles.range from…to…: vary from…to…

8)…stocking and underwear may not wear out during the owner’s lifetime.(para5)

Paraphrase----stocking and underwear may last as long as the wearer’s life.9)Life expectancy will rise around the world,…(para7)

life expectancy: the length of time a person, animal, or plant is expected to live

Examples:

Women usually have a longer life expectancy than men.Bats have a life expectancy of around twenty years.10)Happily, increasingly sophisticated medicines and devices to assist the ill and disabled will

become available in the coming decades.(para8)

Paraphrase----Luckily, more and more advanced medicines and devices which provide

help for the ill and disabled people will be invented in the next few decades.11)…beyond the typical retirement age of 65.(para8)

Paraphrase----after they retire normally at the age of 65.the typical retirement age: the age at which most people retire

something that is typical is the most usually, or the most characteristic.Examples:

typical tropical weather

a typical mistake of Chinese students of English

12)A global culture will develop rapidly and take its pick of clothing styles, foods, drinks,games, sports and customs from countries everywhere.(para10)

take one’s pick(of): choose as one wants

Examples:

Take your pick.Choose whichever one of three styles you like.With so many houses for sale, a buyer with money can take his/her pick.13)Space-planes should be in service within the next 20 years,….(para11)

be in service: be in use;be in operation

Examples:

We need to replace the airplanes now in service with new ones.The ferryboat has been in service here for about ten years.14)We will push the frontiers of human settlement in all directions.(para13)

Paraphrase----We will expand the areas for human existence wherever possible.15)The Moon will acquire its first permanent base,…(para13)

Paraphrase----The first permanent base(for human settlement)will be set up on the Moon.16)The pace of ocean development will speed up as the seaside nations increasingly assert

their ownership of the resources off their shores.(para14)

Paraphrase----Ocean development will be quickened as the coastal nations more and

more claim their rights to the resources in waters off their coasts.speed up:(cause to)move or happen at a faster rate.Examples:

Warmth speeds up chemical reactions.Bad housing and poverty sped up the breakdown of their marriage.17)The biggest single cloud hanging over the next 30 years…(para16)

Paraphrase----The one biggest serious problen facing us over the next 30 years….18)…thousands upon thousands of others will almost certainly perish during the next 50 years

as their habitats shrink.(para18)

Paraphrase----…lots and lots of other species of animals will inevitably become extinct

during the next 50 years when their natural homes become smaller and smaller.shrink: vi.＆vt.(cause to 0)become smaller

Examples:

The world’s forests are shrinking at an alarming rate.The hot water shrink my woolen sweater.5.Grammar Focus

“As” used as a conjunction to mean “and so too”

Procedures:

1)Explains to Ss that the conjunction as ,which means “ and so too”, can be used to refer back to what has just been said in order to say that it also applies to someone or something else that follows.Examples:

The 21st century will be a century of fantastic achievements, but it may be accompanied

by horrors on an unheard-of scale, as was the 20th century with its world wars and atomic bombs.David works hard , as do my brothers.2)Put the following sentences on board;

3)Have Ss translate the Chinese into English in pairs

Peter is a high school teacher,___________（他父亲退休前也是中学老师）.(as was his

father before he retired)

John likes classical music,_____________（他女朋友也喜欢古典音乐）.(as does his girl friend)

He believed ,___________（和全家一样），that the King was their supreme lord.(as didi

the family)

She traveled a great deal, ____________（她的大多数朋友也是这样）.(as did most of her

friends)

6.Guided Practice(exercises, oral practice and group work)

1)Summary

A)Ask several students to retell the text by using their own words.B)Talk about the main idea or theme of the text.2)Exercises

EX.II , p282(Comprehension of the Text)

EX.III, IV, p283-284(Vocabulary Revision)

EX.V,VI, p284-285(Word Building: the prefix en–, out-)

EX.XII, p285-286(Structure: “It is true that…”.)

EX.VIII, p286(Structure : “as be/will…”)

7.After-class Assignments

1)EX.IX, p286-287(Cloze)

2)EX.X, P287-288(Translation)

3)EX.XIII, Writing(Write paragraphs beginning with general predictions and supported with illustrations P290)

4)Preview text B ,(Do exercise XIV.before reading text B)

Text B Our Forecasts 30 Years Later

Language points:

1.It was packed with ideas about …(para1)

Paraphrase----It contained a lot of ideas about…

2.when it comes to foreseeing what lies ahead?(para1)

Paraphrase----speaking of predicting what will hjappen in the years to come.when it comes to(sth.): on the subject of;concerning

Example:

Joe is not good at sports, but when it comes to arithmetic he is the best in the class.3.…, I decided to evaluate the forecasts made in the February 1967 issue of The Futurist(para2)Paraphrase----I decided to find out whether the forecasts made in the February 1967 issue of The Futurist had turned out right or wrong.4.Transplants are now a standard part of medical practice and would be even more common except for the shortage of usable organs.(para10)

a standard part of medical practice:a very usual part of the business of a doctorpractice : n.business of a doctor;medical profession

5.… are used as temporary substitutes for failing natural hearts…((para10)

Paraphrase---…are used to replace human hearts that do not function properly on a short-time basis…

failing: a.weak;not effective;likely to become useless

6.The notion that cities would push higher and higher into the sky as people crowded ever more

tightly together proved quite wrong.(para14)

Paraphrase---The forecast that cities would build higher and higher buildings as more and more people poured into cities and made them more densely populated than ever before turned out to be quite wrong.7.Laws rarely barred cars from city cores, but traffic jam and high parking charges made the centers so unattractive to drivers that legal restrictions were unnecessary.(para14)

Paraphrase---Laws usually do not prohibit cars from entering city centers, but because of the slow-moving traffic and high parking fees, drivers would rather avoid entering city centers, which makes it unnecessary to enforce such lawa on them.8.Credit cards will virtually eliminate currency by 1986.(para17)

Paraphrase---Credit cards will almost replace all cash by 1986.…hunger persists in some areas(para18)

Paraphrase---people in some areas are still going hungry

10.…in terms of the large sums, cash has been losing out fast to checks and credit cards.(para18)Paraphrase---with regard to large sums of money, cash is being fast replaced by checks and credit cards.11.What once was an exotic and mysterious force…(para22)

Paraphrase---a force which was once considered fascinating and mysterious(referring to laser in the context)

12….they sometimes know what they’re talking about.(para22)

Paraphrase---They(weather forecasters)have the expertise to give fairly accurate forecasts on many occasions

know what they’re talking about: understand a subject because of one’s experience

13….the term itself was offensive to teachers and is now obsolete.(para28)

Paraphrase---the exoression “teaching machines” was displeasing to teachers and is no longer in use now

14.…the forecasters seem to have given a fairly good account of themselves.((para34)Paraphrase---The forecasters seem to have made fairly accurate predictions.15.…curing ancient ills.(para34)

Paraphrase---…solving age-old problems

第五篇：大学英语精读第二册 Unit 6-The Making of a Surgeon

大学英语精读第二册 Unit 6:The Making of a Surgeon Unit Six：The Making of a Surgeon

A famous surgeon tells about the importance of self-confidence from his own experience.The Making of a Surgeon

How does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a “surgeon”? As my year as chief resident drew to a close I asked myself this question on more than one occasion.The answer, I concluded, was self-confidence.When you can say to yourself, “There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon”and I could live with it.So, once I had made a considered decision, I no longer dwelt on it.Reviewing it wasn't going to help and I knew that with my knowledge and experience, any decision I'd made was bound to be a sound one.It was a nice feeling.In the operating room I was equally confident.I knew I had the knowledge, the skill, the experience to handle any surgical situation I'd ever encounter in practice.There were no more butterflies in my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest.I knew that even if the case was one in which it was impossible to anticipate the problem in advance, I could handle whatever l found.I'd sweated through my share of stab wounds of the belly, of punctured lungs, of compound fractures.I had sweated over them for five years.I didn't need to sweat any more.Nor was I afraid of making mistakes.I knew that when I was out in practice I would inevitably err at one time or another and operate on someone who didn't need surgery or sit on someone who did.Five years earlierI wouldn't have been able to live with myself if I had had to take sole responsibility for a mistake in judgment.Now I could.I still dreaded errorsbut a surgeon needs conceit.He needs it to encourage him in trying moments when he's bothered by the doubts and uncertainties that are part of the practice of medicine.He has to feel that he's as good as and probably better than any other surgeon in the world.Call it conceit-call it self-confidence;whatever it was, I had it.NEW WORDS

surgeon

n.doctor who performs operations 外科医生

self-confidence

n.自信心

making

n.means of gaining success 成功之道

resident

n.住院医生

conclude

vt.arrive at a belief or opinion by reasoning 得出结论

surgical

a.of, by, or for surgery 外科的；手术的competently

ad.with the necessary skill 称职地；胜任地

competent

a.near

vt.approach;come closer to

emergency

n.sudden and dangerous happening needing immediate action 紧急情况；急症 encounter

vt.be faced with(difficulties, danger, etc.);meet unexpectedly 遭到；意外地遇见

dread

vt.fear greatly 畏惧

critical

a.important at a time of danger and difficulty 紧要的；关键性的particular

a.belonging to some one person, thing, or occasion 特定的case

n.instance of disease or injury 病例

infrequently

ad.seldom;not often

relax

vi.become less tense 放松

n.residency

n.the last stage of a doctor's training at a hospital 高级专科住院实习（期）constant

a.happening all the time;unchanging 不断的；始终如一的resolve

vt.solve 解决

resolution

n.considered

a.carefully thought out 经过深思熟虑的dwell

vi.live(in a place)居住

bound

a.very likely;certain 一定的，必然的sound

a.correct;based on good judgment 正确的，合理的confident

a.sure of oneself and one's abilities 自然的confidence

n.handle

vt.manage, deal with 处理

butterfly

n.蝴蝶

abdomen

n.belly 腹（部）

anticipate

vt.see beforehand 预期

anticipation

n.sweat

n.汗

vi.流汗

stab

n.thrust made with a pointed weapon 刺；戳

belly

n.肚，腹部

puncture

vt.make a small hole in(sth.)with sth.pointed 刺穿

compound

a.having more than one part 复合的n.break in a bone 骨折

compound

n.复合性骨折

inevitably

ad.unavoidably 不可避免地

inevitable

a.err

vi.make mistakes;do wrong

operate

vi.perform a surgical operation 动手术

surgery

n.外科；外科手术

sole

a.unshared;one and only 唯一的responsibility

n.责任；责任心

avoid

vt.escape;keep or get away from 避免

conceited

a.having too high an opinion of oneself 自负的conceit

n.too high an opinion of oneself

trying

a.hard to endure or bear;very difficult 难受的；恼人的bother

vt.annoy, trouble 烦扰，麻烦

uncertainty

n.uncertain condition;doubtPHRASES & EXPRESSIONS

draw to a close

come to an end 结束

live with

learn to accept(sth.unpleasant);tolerate 学会；适应；容忍

dwell on

think, write, or speak a lot about 老是想着；详述；强调

(be)bound to(do)

(be)certain to(do)一定..., 必然...in practice

(医师,律师等)在开业中;在实践中

butterflies in the stomach

feelings of nervousness 忐忑不安

cut open 切开,给...开刀

in advance

ahead of time 预先,事前

at one time or another

sometime or other 早晚

sit on

delay taking action on;do nothing about 拖延;搁置

PROPER NAMES

Nolen

诺兰(姓氏)

Walt

沃尔特(男子名 Walter 的昵称)

Larry

拉里(男子 Lawrence 的昵称)