第一篇：教师考试--英语写作
写作部分要点解读
一、【学习目标】按照《普通教师定岗英语课程标准（实验）》中的要求制定该部分的学习目标为：培养学生书面表达能力。
能用文字及图表提供的信息进行简单描述；能写出通知、信件等常见体裁的应用文；能描述人物或事件，并进行简单的评论；能根据材料填写简单的表格。
二、【要点解读】情景作文题考查学生初步的书面表达能力。意在要求平时指导学生写作时, 写作题立意要尽量与语言实际使用情形一致，写作提示要尽可能具有开放性，体现“用英语做事”，引导学生表达真情实感，再现生活经历，描述周围的人和物，表达意见、观点，特别是要表达真实意义或个人经验。整体内容要简洁、明了；建议要合情合理，条理清晰，重点突出；可以用连接词保持文章的连贯性。本题是开放性主观题。解这类题的方法一般是认真阅读写作提示，掌握其要求，然后根据要求写出文章。本题能力层级为综合运用，难度预估值为0.75。
三、【学法指导】
（一）了解教师定岗必修模块各种常见体裁应用文的格式
1.Notice通知(Book 1,P.16-P.17)
英语的通知分为两类，即口头通知和书面通知。
口头通知一般不用写题目，也不必写出通知的时间。发布口头通知首先要说明被通知的对象，在正文前面有称呼语且顶左格写，如：“Ladies and gentlemen”，“Boys and girls ”等。为了引起听者的注意，需另起行不顶格写一些引人注意的话，如“Be quiet, please!”，“ May I have your attention?”，“ Attention, please!”等。口头通知还要有结束语，如用That’s all表示通知到此为止。通知的结尾还可以用Thank you以表示礼貌。书面通知一般用Notice作为标题，通常写在正文上方的正中间位置。正文是通知的主体部分，包括通知的对象、事由、时间、地点等，多用书面语、祈使句和将来时态，既要简明扼要，又要准确无误。常见格式：
Notice
正文
发通知的单位
日期
2.Letter书信(Book 1,P.38-P.39;Book 5,P.17;P.56-P.57;P.97)
英文书信分为私人书信（Personal letters）和业务书信(Business letters)。
书信一般包括五个部分：信头(Heading)、称呼(Salutation)、正文(Body of the letter)、结束语(Complimentary close)、签名(Signature)。常见格式：
写信人地址
写信日期
收信人地址
称呼
正文
结尾语
谦称
签名
写信人地址和收信人地址的书写顺序与汉语相反，即由小到大。私人信件一般不写收信人地址。
3.E-mail(Book 2,P.36-P.37)
首先,必须要在标题（Heading）栏的“收件人(To)”框中输入收信人的E-mail 地址。“主题(Subject)”框的内容应简明地概括信的内容，短的可以是一个单词,如greetings；长的可以是一个名词性短语，也可以是完整句，但长度一般不超过35个字母。“主题”框的内容切忌含糊不清。
E-mail一般使用非正式的书信文体,因此正文前的称呼通常无须使用诸如“Dear Mr.John”之类的表
达。在同辈的亲朋好友或同事间可以直呼其名,但对长辈或上级最好使用头衔加上姓。如：Tommy或者Mr.Smith。
E-mail文体的另外一个特点是简单明了，便于阅读，太长的内容可以以附件的方式发出。一个段落大多仅由一到三个句子组成。信尾客套话通常也很简明。常常只须一个词，如：“Thanks”，“Best”，“Cheers”，不需要用一般信函中的“Sincerely yours”或“Best regards”。
4.Diary日记(Book 2,P.101)
日记就是记所做过的有趣的或有意义的事，动词多用过去时。常见格式：
星期月，日天气（如：Sunny）
正文
天气的写法有：fine/sunny/clear, rainy, windy, snowy, cloudy等。
5.Speech发言稿(Book 3,P.36-P.37)
发言稿一般由称呼语、正文和结束语三部分组成，开头和结尾有固定格式，写正文时观点要鲜明，条理要清楚，语言要简洁明快。常见格式：
Good morning, everyone!
The topic of my speech today is....正文
Thank you for your listening.6.Poster海报(Book 5,P.37)
海报主要涉及比赛、影讯和演出，正中先写Poster，然后把内容作为大字标题，如：“Football Match”，“ Film News”等。正文部分要写清具体内容、活动时间、地点，以及参加的规定、主持或举办单位等，时常配以绘画。出海报的单位署名在右下角，日期位于署名的下一行，靠左下角。海报示例：
Poster
Friendly Basketball Match
A basketball match will be held between Class 491 and Class 495 of Senior Grade 2 at 5:00 p.m.on Wednesday, November,18th on the school playground.All are warmly welcome.The School Student Union
Monday, November,16th
（二）教师定岗必修模块各种常见体裁应用文一些常见的句式
1.书面通知的结束语常常有：Please attend it on time.Don’t be late.Everyone is welcome to take part in it.2.英文书信和e-mail的开头语有：Thank you so much for your letter/ gift/e-mail.Glad to receive your letter/e-mail of May,15th.Sorry to have written back to you so late because….I’m writing to ask about….I’m writing to tell you something about….英文书信的结束语写在正文的下方，另起一行。常见的结束语有：Best wishes/regards!Good luck to you!Wish you success/good luck!Give my best wishes/regards to…!Looking forward to your early reply!Do write to me when you have time!
谦称的第一个字母要大写，最后要加逗号。常用的谦称有：Yours;Yours truly;Yours ever;Yours lovingly;Yours faithfully;Yours respectfully;Yours sincerely.3.发言稿开头的常用语：I’m very glad to introduce myself to you.Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone/ladies and gentlemen.The topic of my speech today is….结尾的常用语：That’s all.Thank you.Thank you for your listening.4.海报的常用语：Come and cheer for them.All are warmly welcome.Tickets, 10 yuan for each.Admission free.（三）中学生写作中常见的错误
有相当一部分中学生在写作时因审题不严会导致人称错误、要点遗漏、格式错误，还会在拼写和语法方面犯错误。
1.拼写错误。如：come true(√), come ture(ⅹ);believe(√), belive(ⅹ);first(√), frist(ⅹ)。
2.时态错误。如：We haven’t seen each other since you go to the USA.（应为went）。
3.语态错误。如：We watched the train till it was disappeared.（应去掉was）。
4.用词错误。I hope you have a good time everyday.(应为every day)
5.非谓语动词错误。Play computer games will waste your time.（应为Playing）。
6.语句结构混乱。There are 80% of the classmates agreed with me.（应去掉There are）。
（四）巧用连接词
要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词表示罗列、增加。英语作文常用连接词如下：
First, second, third；
First, then, next, after that, next, finally；
For one thing „ for another„；
On(the)one hand„on the other hand；
Besides, What’s more, In addition, Furthermore, Moreover, Another, also;
Especially, In particular.表示时间顺序
now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment, form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not„until, before, after, when, while, as during.表示解释说明
now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover, furthermore, in fact, actually.,表示转折关系
but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except(for), instead, of course, after all.表示并列关系
or, and, also, too, not only „ but also, as well as, both„ and, either „or, neither„nor.表示因果关系
because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to„, due to„, therefore, as a result(of), otherwise, so„that, such„that.表示条件关系
as(so)long as, on condition that, if, unless.表示让步关系
though, although, as, even if, even though, whether „or„, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how(who, what, which, where, when, whom).表示举例
for example, for instance, such as„, take„ for example.表示比较
be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with(to)„, just like, just as.表示目的for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to.表示强调
in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all.表示概括归纳
in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, as we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion.（五）掌握写作技巧
1.注意篇章结构，合理布局
开始部分（opening paragraph）——说出文中的要点、核心问题。
正文部分（Body paragraphs）——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。
结尾部分（concluding paragraphs）——对全文的总结和概括。
要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容。
2.确定主题句
主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。
写主题句应注意以下几点：
1)归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点；
2)提炼出一句具有概括性的话；
3)主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。
（六）使用较丰富的句式
长短句、从句和简单句等的交替使用能够使文章更加形象、生动。
（七）检查、修改以及规范书写等
四、【习题训练】
1.Notice练习
假如你是班长，请你用英语通知你班同学本周星期六晚上7：30在本班教室举行一次英语晚会，节目有唱歌、朗诵、讲故事、话剧等，要求本班同学都参加，欢迎外班同学光临，请同学们做好准备。词数80左右。
2.Letter练习
假如你是李平，你的好友王华最近病倒了，请你给他写封信安慰他，并给他提一些建议。词数100左右。
3.E-mail练习
你的英国朋友Tom给你发来e-mail，告知你他将来青岛度假，请你用英语给他发e-mail回信。词数100左右。
4.Diary练习
用日记的形式表达你在10月28日（星期二）那天发生的情况：你早饭后准备上学，发现一建筑物着火，立刻报火警，结果上课迟到了。词数100左右。
5.Speech练习
你们班上举行一次讨论会，讨论如何交友，请你以“How to make friends”为题写一篇英文演讲稿，词数100左右。
参 考 答 案
写作部分
1.Notice练习答案
Notice
Attention, please.I have some good news to tell you.We’re going to have an English party in our classroom at 7:30 this Saturday evening.The program includes songs, recitations, storytelling and short plays.Everyone in our class must take part in it and students from other classes are also welcome.Everyone who takes part in the party should perform once.That’s all.Thank you.2.Letter练习答案
Dear Wang Hua,I’m sorry to hear that you have been ill for several days.How are you feeling now?
I know that you are devoting all your energy to study.But I just want to say exercise is as important as study.Doing exercise will not waste your time.Instead, it can refresh your mind.After one or two hours’ exercise, you can study more effectively.Only when you have a strong body can you keep on studying without feeling bad.Otherwise your study will be affected by your health.I hope you can take at least one hour’s exercise every day after you recover from your illness.I hope you will be well soon.Yours truly
Ling Ping
3.E-mail练习答案
Tom,I have read your e-mail.I am very glad to know that you will come to Qingdao.I am going to have a one-month holiday after the exam.We can spend our holidays together.We can go swimming, go fishing, climb the hills and enjoy many kinds of delicious seafood.We can also visit our beautiful city and I hope you will love her.At the same time we may learn languages from each other.By the way, please tell me your flight number and the arriving time.I will meet you at the airport.Good luck!
4.Diary练习答案
TuesdayOctober 28thSunny
This morning I went to school in a hurry after breakfast.On the way to our school, I saw a building was on fire.Immediately I phoned the fire police station.I knew the number is 119.The firemen came here very soon.Several minutes later, the fire was put out.When I arrived at school, class had already begun.After I told my teacher and classmates what had happened on my way to school, my teacher praised me.I said, “The heroic deeds of the firemen are more worthy of praising.”
5.Speech练习答案
Boys and girls,My speech is about how to make friends.Everyone needs friends.But how to make true friends is very important to everyone.Firstly, to make friends, you must be friendly to others.You should do your best to make a stranger feel at home, no matter where he is.And you don’t judge a stranger only by his appearance.You should think more of others than of yourselves.Secondly, if you don’t agree with others on a certain matter, don’t argue but talk with them.Finally, don’t believe those who leave their friends when they are in trouble because, as the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
That’s all.Thank you!
第二篇：大学英语三级考试写作
大学英语三级考试写作模板
（一）不同观点列举型（选择型）
（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1．有一些人认为…… 2．另一些人认为…… 3．我的看法……
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____. People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______. As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.The topic of ①________（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②________（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③________（理由二）.Moreover, ④________（理由三）.While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,________（支持B的理由一）.Secondly（besides）,⑥____________（理由二）.Thirdly（finally）,⑦__________（理由三）.From my point of view, I think ⑧________（我的观点）.The reason is that ⑨____________（原因）.As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对或支持这一观点
1．有一些人认为……
2．我也认为……/我不这么认为 3．我的看法……
Some people believe that ①________（观点一）.For example, they think ②________（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③________（为他们带来的好处）.In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④____（我不同意或同意该看法的理由一）.For another thing, ⑤____（同意或反对的理由
之二）． Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥____（我对文章所讨论主题的看法）．
（二）利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over（the issue that）___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, _缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.（三）答题性议论文（提出解决方式或步骤）
Currently, there is a widespread concern over（the issue that）__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.（四）谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.（also theoretically）
A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
第三篇：大学英语四级考试-写作篇
大学英语四级考试——写作篇
（一）2004年初教育部高教司组织制定并在全国部分高校开始试点《大学英语课程教学要求（试行）》，《教学要求》规定，大学英语课程的教学目标是：培养学生的英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，使他们在今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流。在《大学英语四、六级考试改革方案（试行）》中，写作能力测试部分（Writing）比例为15%，其中题材包括议论文、说明文、应用文等。
命题趋势
从题型上看，2000年之前，四级作文主要考议论文，从2000年起作文命题指导思想开始变化，开始考更能体现考生实力的记叙文、描写文以及书信演讲类应用文。自2000年1月至2006年6月十三次考试中除2006年1月“Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?”2003年1月“It Pays to Be Honest”及2000年6月“Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?”外，其他九次皆为 说明文、记叙描写文或应用文。最后这两类文章是考查考生英语表达基本功的最佳方式，因此近年来成为出现频率最高的题型。
从题材上看，四级考试作文命题贴近大学生的学习和课余生活，反映社会变化、发展和进步。在平常的训练中，论说文重点准备关于大学校园生活的话题，如学习生活、社会工作、兼职打工等；应用文重点在咨询信、投诉信、介绍信、请求信、建议信、道歉信、邀请信等私人和公务信函以及开幕词等致辞的写法。
题材类型
四级考试作文出题形式包含有图表类以及非图表类两大形式，其中非图表类有：
（1）观点论述题——提出明确个人观点，并对已经提出的观点提供充分、符合逻辑的论据。常用句型表达有：
In my opinion„„I ' m of the opinion that„„I think„„I argue for(against)„„I have three main reasons for my opinion„„
（2）不同物比较题——将两物进行比较（compare）或对照(contrast),比较两物/两观点的相同点，对照两个方面的相异点。常用表达有：
Similarly„„on the contrary„„in contrast„„contrary to„„prefer A to B„„
Compare with A„„B has the following advantages„„I like A more for the following reasons„„
（3）不同观点比较题 ——常用表达有：
Different people have different opinions„„some people insist that„，while others maintain„„
（4）信件
2002年6月的四级作文考了图表题。进行此类作文时，考生切忌堆砌数据，而应对图表进行准确地概括和描述后用更多的篇幅来揭示图表的含义或分析其现象的原因。
写作要求
《大学英语教学要求》规定，四级写作的要求为：“能完成一般性写作任务；能描述个人经理、观感、情感和发生的事件等；能写常见的应用文；能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出120个词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯；能掌握基本的写作技能。”英语四六级作文有四个基本考点：
1、切题-----所谓切题是指在形式上诸如段落、字数、文体、格式等方面满足题目
要求，并在内容上没有偏差。
2、表达清楚、条理清晰------考查学生掌握文章结构，明确文章主题观点，有头有尾，论证说明安排有主次，有轻重。
3、文字通顺，连贯性较好----考查学生对过渡句和连接词或词组的掌握和运用，要求文章句子内部与句子之间通顺连贯，不突兀。
4、基本无语言错误----考查学生对言基本功的掌握，包括语法与拼写两部分。
考生在写作中，应当做到：注重语法、评写以及标点的正确使用，用词恰当；遵循文章的特定文体格式，使体裁符合试题要求；合理组织文章结构，以实现内容的统一和连贯；根据写作目的和特定读者，选择恰当的语言。
出题热点
综观写作题材的选择，我们可以发现，出题热点还是比较集中。以下是常见文章题材内容：
1、方便------发明，计算机，网络，快餐，新科技
Key words: convenience;convenient;bring us much convenience2、效率-------相对时间内量最大
Key words: efficient;efficiency;save/waste time3、节省和浪费-----针对大学生生活习惯
Key words: diligent;economical;thrifty;save space;metro/subway/tube;
costly;time-consuming;lavish;
selfish;selfishness;conservative;isolated;improve;enrich4、心理精神健康------体育运动，生活习惯，室内/室外运动
Key words: independence;dependant；cooperation;team spirit;compete;
creation;creative;tolerance;tolerant;
physical;psychological;mental;healthy;mentally unhealthy;
sociable;popular;party animal5、娱乐-----新发明
Key words:recreation;entertainment;relaxation;
amusement park;leisure time;kill the time;
pleasure, autonomous, tired6、环境
Key words:environment;pollution;poisonous;contaminated;separated wastes;recycle7、身体健康
Key words: disease;energetic;dynamic8、风险
Key words:risk;hazard;danger;threaten9、经验-----------谚语，抽象话题
Key words:social;sophisticated;skillful10、人道、正义、公平
Key words:humane;fair;justice;fair;help;love
大学英语四级考试——写作篇
（二）命题作文按照要求，体裁基本可以分为观点论证、利弊选择、现象解释、途径点评以及应用文写作这五类。各类体裁按照评分标准，各有其写作技巧，考生在平时的训练过程中应多注意培养针对不同体裁文章的写作技巧和思路。
1． 观点论证型
观点论证型作文要求考生根据题目给出的论点，按照所给提纲的结构要求对其进行论证，然后表明自己的立场和观点，通过摆事实、讲道理的方式论述事理，发表意见，确立或否定某一主张。
审题思路考生拿到作文题后首先应确立论证的主题、写作结构以及材料选择与组织。写作步骤
表明观点，提出论点； 论证观点，以事实和数据为依据例证论点； 得出结论或表明个人看法和做法。
基本模式
第一部分：总结描述，用一两句话概括、描述当今社会存在的某种观点，并做
简单的扩展——主题句+扩展句 第二部分：列出论据，说明观点成立的理由——主题句+举例 第三部分：表明自己的观点并结束全文。结尾部分一定要总结自己的观点。类型范例
Nowadays, „„is a common thing / has become more and more popular.For example, „„.There are different attitudes towards it.Some people believe that„„ / some people have the idea that „„;while other people view differently, they contend that„„.And some others„„.In my opinion / As far as I am concerned / From my point of view, I prefer„„.Personally speaking, I would rather„„.As long as / With the development of„„, we’ll certainly that„„ in the end.2． 利弊选择型
利弊选择型作文要求考生能对一个论题的正反两个方面加以阐述分析，进一步作出选择，推导出自己认为合理的解决该问题的模式。
审题思路考生拿到作文题后首先应该确立协作主题、写作结构以及材料选择与组织。写作步骤
主题：分析问题事实存在是否有讨论的必要性
开头段：点明主题，指出争论焦点 中心段1：阐述提纲中列举的一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明 结构：主题句+理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3 中心段2：阐述提纲中列举的另一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明
结构：主题句+理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3
结论段：表明自己的观点，结束全文
类型范例
These days we often hear that„„.It is common that„„.People hold different views about„„.Some people believe / have the idea that „„.They say that„„.They point out that„„.For example„„.But on the contrary, other people disagree with them.They firmly believe that„„.They argue that„„.In my own opinion, the former / latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, „„.For another, „„.Last but not the least, „„.3． 现象解释型
现象解释型作文要明确描述社会生活中存在的一种现象，要求考生根据自己的思考说明该现象所反映的社会问题，并且解释该现象存在或发生的原因。
表述类型现象解释型作文有两种表述类型，其中包括文字描述型和图表说明型。考生拿到作文题，应就给出信息确立写作主题、结构以及材料的选择和组织。
写作步骤1 文字描述型可以将文章分为三段，指出现象；解释原因；分析优劣褒贬，最后明确主旨，并且给出建议。
第一部分：描述现象，引起话题； 第二部分：对现象进行细致分析，结实现象发生或变化的原因； 第三部分：针对现象做出评论，表明自己的态度、观点或做法以及如何在日常
生活中有效发挥该现象的优势或避免不利的方面。
解释、描述句型
（1）Everybody knows that„
（2）It is true that„
（3）
（4）
（5）
（6）One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is„ The chief reason is that„ To take„for an example„ Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned„
（7）There are several causes for this significant growth in„：First„Secondly„
Finally„
（8）Different people observes it in different ways.写作步骤2 图表说明型是现象解释性作文的变体。在此类作文中，题目提供的主题信息由图表来呈现，表现某一现象的细节、变化或发展趋势，要求考生对所给信息进行分析，然后描述，说明现象存在和变化的原因，预测发展趋势，并且在此过程中阐述个人看法。
第一部分：描述图表中数据的主要趋势，对数据进行分析比较，总结归纳图表 内容所呈现的主要特征； 第二部分：对现象和变化进行细致的分析，解释现象发生或变化的原因；
第三部分：针对现象和变化做出结论。
图表、描述句型
（1）It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998.（2）There is an increase of 20% in total this year.（3）The table shows that it is decreased twice than that of the year 1996.（4）Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent.（5）The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995.（6）It has decreased almost two and half times, compare with„
类型范例
From the chart / graph / table / figure, we can clearly see that„„.Obviously that„„.In
my mind, there are three reasons can explain this phenomenon.To begin with / The main reason is„„.What is more / In addition that„„.Thirdly / Lastly / Apart from that„„.As a result / In short„„.Considering all these„„.For one thing„„.For another„„.In conclusion / In brief / To sum up„„.4． 途径点评型
途径方法型作文通过给出提示性文字或图表提出（或反映）社会生活中存在的某一现实问题，要求考生指出问题的危害性或解决该问题的紧迫性。然后对问题进行分析，提出解决方案或应对措施，最后表明考生自己的态度和做法。
审题思路了解途径方法类作文的特征，按照下列思路进行写作：首先概述现状，提出问题；其次分析和解决问题；最后总结全文或提出建议。
写作步骤
明确所要讨论的主题
开头段：阐述为什么要讨论该主题，其重要性以及作用 中心段1：分析主题讨论问题的原因
中心段2：讨论解决问题所必须的条件或具备的因素
结论段：得出结论，重申问题的重要性
或者从各个方面提出解决该问题的建议和方法
类型范例
With the improvement of„„, there are„„.For example, „„.So it is high time„„.The reasons are: First / At first / To begin with„„.Secondly / The second / In addition / Furthermore / Besides, „„.Lastly / Finally / Last but not least„„.But how to„„？In my opinion, I think / as far as I am concerned„„.On the one hand„„.On the other hand„„.Therefore, I believe„„.
第四篇：大学英语四级考试短文写作
大学英语四级考试短文写作
四项基本技能：听、说、读、写
传统上：听和说、读和写
现在的新视角：听和读（input）、说和写(output)
一． 四级英语评分标准
120个词：（10句话）：每一段写3－4句话，写3个自然段
出题方式：命题作文、看图画或图表作文，根据所给文章（中文或英文）写出文章概要或大意，给出关键词作文等。
二． 四级作文题型
（一）正反阐释题
2000年6月
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you.You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:
1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是。。
2.也有人持不同意见。。
3.我的看法和打算
99年6月； 98年6月 97年6月； 96年6月；95年1月；05年12月； 06年12月
（二）阐释原因、描述危害题
00年1月；99年1月；97年12月；01年1月
（三）永恒话题
97年1月
（四）写一封信
01年6月；02年1月；03年6月（见证书）；04年1月；04年6月；05年1月；
05年6月
三． 四级作文评分原则
CET作文采用总体评分（Global Scoring）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Reward Scores）,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。
1． 第一段要推敲
第二段看有没有主题句，第一句就写主题句
第三段总结
看作文就是看两点：第一看组织结构，第二看语言表达
2．检查五个方面的语言错误：
1）检查三个一致问题：主谓一致，时态一致，单复数一致
4）检查拼写错误
3．格式有2种：
（1）每一段缩进去4个字母，每一段之间不空行（传统格式）
（2）每一段顶格写，每一段之间空一行（流行格式）
4．评分标准：
11分――切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
14分――切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本无语言错误，仅有个
别小错。
字数不足酌情扣分。
注：只写一段者：0－4分；只写两段者：0－9分（按规定三段的作文）提供三点提
纲的作文
建议：无论提纲是几点，都要写到三段或四段
经原国家教委批准，四、六级考试已从1997年6月份起采用“作文最低分”制计算成绩，其中足见国家对提高大学英语写作能力的重视程度。按规定，考生作文若为0分，无论其总分是否高于60分，均作不及格处理；若其作文分高于0分，低于6分，报成绩时，需从总分中减去6分，再加上实得作文分。也就是说，要从总分中减去实得作文分与6分之间的差额部分。
四． 四级英语作文范文
1． Should Firecrackers Be Banned?
2． Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?
五． 主题句练习
1.确定以下主题句是否恰当。
Players on one team take turns batting, and the other team tries to put the batters out.The batter hits the ball and then tries to run around the bases and get “home” safely.The other team tries to put the batter out by catching the ball before it hits the ground, throwing the ball to the base before the batter gets there or by tagging the batter with the ball.The batter can stop at any one of the three bases if it is impossible to make it “home”.university you want to attend to get the necessary forms and information concerning that particular university’s entrance requirements.Then you must follow the steps outlined in their response.You will probably have to send copies of your high school diploma, get letters of recommendation, and write an essay on why you want to study there.You may have to achieve a certain score on the TOEFL test and have your scores forwarded to the university.Finally, you will have to contact the American embassy to start the procedures to obtain a student visa.refreshing swim.Then I walk along the beach and collect shells.Later you’ll find me relaxing in the warm sunshine and making sand castles.Then I sleep for a while before I open the basket of food and drinks that I always pack to take.those students can get to class on the bus.Many universities have a special shuttle bus that is provided for student transportation.Some students like to ride to class on bicycles.This is good exercise.Also, it is easier to find a space to leave a bicycle than to find a parking space for a can on a crowded university campus.Those students who live close to campus or on campus can enjoy a leisurely walk to their classes.2.写出相应的主题句。
1．______________________________________________________________________.The white pages of an American telephone book give the phone numbers of residences.The blue pages contain the numbers of government offices, and the yellow pages have advertisements and business numbers.There are maps as well as indexes at the back of the book.The telephone books of larger cities ma provide separate books for different sections of the city, while those of small towns may have room to include the numbers from several towns all in one book.2.________________________________________________________________________.First, the fast-food restaurant is good for people who must have a quick bite because of a busy schedule.Second, the food is inexpensive yet tasty.A person can eat an enjoyable meal out and stay within a limited budget.Finally, the food is usually consistent.For example, a cheeseburger from a well-known fast-food restaurant looks and tastes about the same no matter where in the world it is purchased.Consequently, buyers know exactly what they are getting.3.选出不支撑主题句的例子。
1）Ways to get rid of hiccups
A.breathe into a paper bag
B.hold your breath to the count of 10
C.have someone frighten you
D.make an appointment with your doctor
2)Steps for planning a trip
A.purchasing a map
B.working late
C.making an itinerary
D.reserving a ticket
3)Reasons for car accidents
A.fast driving
B.drinking and driving
C.not following traffic regulations
D.giving signals
4)Advantages off small apartments
A.good school facilities
B.easy to clean
C.cheaper to furnish
D.relatively inexpensive
5)Characteristics of a good restaurant
A.efficient waiters
B.tasty food
C.jacket and tie required
D.pleasant atmosphere
第五篇：如何准备考研英语写作考试
如何准备考研英语写作考试？对于考研作文准备，这里有两点建议：一是多积累，二是多动手。不少考生有这新的感受，当面对一个作文题时，觉得有话可说，可就是不知如何表达，其原因是头脑中所掌握的句式太少。好的句式要从阅读实践中不断吸收。有用的句式积累多了，表达就会更加自如。由于考研准备时间有不限，必须采取非常措施，以便尽快提高自己的应试水平，达到临考最佳状态。单纯的题海战术不可取，最好的办法是多研究历年的真题，多利用真题中的语言材料，通过消化吸收提高自己的应试水平和表达能力。譬如，语法结构和词汇题中就有不少典型地道的英语句式和表达法；完形填空题可以学习谋局布篇和用词；翻译中的划线句子多为复杂句、长句，更能为写作所用；阅读题中的评议材料更是取之不尽、用之不竭。另外，真题的难度也正好是与要求考生所要达到的水平相当，具有针对性。做题量不在多，关键在于做有心人，多多积累所见到的语言材料，反复背诵，才能把自己的努力体现到考试的最终得分上去。从现在做起，多一份积累，多一分信心，也就多一分胜算，不要漫无目标，茫茫然不知准备工作如何着手，最后什么也没抓着。
“多动手”不仅仅指要多写，更要在写完之后多比较才能找差距。写作文一定要写真题的作文，写完后与优秀典型的范文进行比较和对照，检查一下文章是否切题，行文是否连流畅，有无严惩的语法错误错误，是否包含提纲全部要点，用词是否广泛，句式是否有变化，练习时还要在35分钟之内限时完成，另外，更为有效的办法是背范文，对范文中的词语进行替换，句式进行改写，把优秀典型的范文译成中文，过几天后，再根据中文译成英文，看是否与范文一致。这样的练习进行几次之后，让自己都会惊喜。在学习范文的时候，内容并不重要，要学习其结构思路、语言表达，同时还要比较同一题型不同范文的写法，譬如第一段如何写，第二段，三段又如何写。通过横向的比较，对付这种题型的思路也就会自然而然地领会于心了。
如果考生有充分的时间，还可以参考本人编写的《最新大学英语高分作文》，其中包括了历年四、六级以及考研真题，还有热门话题30篇。写作佳句500例，均经本人精心写成和细心挑选。
语言的长城需要无数的巨石来堆砌，大家的智慧与艰辛一定会筑就胜利的辉煌！在此，本人衷心地祝愿大家今天斗志昂扬，明天梦想成真！
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