雅思小作文常用句式

第一篇：雅思小作文常用句式

Task 1 summarization

First paragraph

translate the subject.words may be used: be made up of…;be composed of… Main part

According to the graph… , more specifacally

It is manifest from the graph that… , to be more exact the greatest increase is in…rising from …to … next came sth.over the same period.word may be used:

go up/increase/grow

jump/shoot up/surge

decline/drop/fall

plunge/plummet(急剧下降)

sharply/rapidly/dramatically

slow/gentle

fluctuate

level off at/level out at

peak at/reach the highest point at

bottom at/reach the bottom at

account for/make up/occupy

about/around/nearly/approximately

respectively(eg:In the 2004 Olympics,China and Russia won x and y gold medals,respectively)

expect/predict(eg:A is expected/predicted to reach…)Last paragraph

Therefore, it can be clearly seen from the graph that…

As a matter of fact, the issue of whether/ the phenomenon that/ the issue that________________________is a complex and controversial(复杂的)one.On one hand, many people may feel that ___1____,and correspondingly(相关的)____解释1______;on the other hand, it can be noted that ____2_______and hence(因此)___2的结果_.There is no universal answer to this question;so different people can hold different opinions due to their distinct backgrounds and values.As far as I am concerned, while I agree that under some circumstances___1____, ___2___, is somehow reasonable, however my opinion is that ____________ and it can be greatly substantiated by the reasons addressed below.B:

1)the speaker asserts that____复述或解释题目观点______,Although the speaker’s position is not wholly insupportable, far more compelling arguments can be made for ________自己的观点___________

2)the issue of whether to ____复述_____ is a complex one, since it involves a conflict between our interest in ___doing___ and a legitimate need to ____do____.In my point of view, the final judgment should depend on a case-by-case analysis of two key factors.TOPIC:

1)Since I _______________, I prefer to ___________________.2)In the past, I have often been pleasantly surprised by_________;therefore, I would rather

____________________.3)While there still exist ___________________,our resources/attention should be focused here not in other place.4)If you define ____题目中你认为不对的观点_____, then I would gave to agree that today.5)______结果______is important to me, so I would prefer to _____观点______.承接性句子

1)My reasons for this view involve the notions of respect and trust.2)

二、中间段

1）first…….Second…….finally

2）firstly…..for example;another opinion…..say,…..;in addition,……

3）Although we may not have conclusive scientific evidence of a cause-effect relationship, ample anecdotal evidence establishes significant correlation.Moreover, both common sense and our experiences inform us that people tend to _________________________________.4）The virtues of ______are undeniable.三、例证

1)Moreover, this approach can be used by anyone---排比性例证

2)XXX,CEO of XXX Company, which is major manufacturer of XXX, once pointed out(and I paraphrase)that _________.This illustrates the point that _________.3)Professor XXX, highly respected and well-know professor at china academy of social science, once pointed out(and I paraphrase)that____.This illustrates the point that ____________

4)As head of XXX department at my university once said(and I paraphrase), “_________”.This illustrates the point that ___________.5)According to a recent survey conducted by the XXX department of XXX University among AAA.NNN percent of AAA CCC.The result of the survey also indicates an increase of over NNN percent within NNN years in the rates of BBB.Researchers of XXX believe that _____.In AAA where not CCC, the occurrence of such problems drops dramatically.四、结尾段

1)In my estimation the pitfalls of such a technique outweigh any of its potential advantages.2)I think anyone would be hard-pressed to find fault with this advice.3)To conclude, there is no easy solution to such a complex issue, however, taking into account all the dimensions of the issue discussed in the above analysis, might be the first step out of the dilemma.4)In sum, it is very likely that people will be able to arrive at the same conclusion on this controversial issue due to their different experiences, and conflicting values.Nevertheless, public awareness of the various dimensions of the issue discussed above argument will certainly contribute to the thorough understanding of the problem.5)In conclusion, while some people may still remain unconvinced, the reason that I have

analyzed in above argument should at least make them aware of the complexities of the issue under discussion.There is little doubt that more and more people will come to realize that _____________.五、连贯与衔接

第一，首先 first, firstly, first of all , to begin with, in the first place, to start with 一方面，另一方面for one thing…for another;on the one hand…on the other hand 一般来说 generally speaking, in general 起初 in the beginning, at first

目前，现在 at present, now, currently, by this time 最近recently, lately

第二、第三，其次 second, secondly, third, thirdly, for another

…………………………………………………………………………………………..此外，而且，并且，尤其，同样地，正如，与此同时

Additionally, again, along with, also, and then, as well as, besides, equally, even, further, furthermore, in addition, in other words, just as, likewise, moreover, not only…but also, similarly, to put it another way, to repeat, then, too, what is more

…………………………………………………………………………………………..例如，即

A case in point, after all, as a proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just as, namely, such, specifically, that is, to illustrate, to demonstrate …………………………………………………………………………………………..此后，后来 afterwards, after that, after a while, after a few days, from now on, later, soon, then

为此 for this purpose 换句话说 in other words

确实 as a matter of fact, certainly, indeed, in fact, , surely, truly, undoubtedly, without doubt …………………………………………………………………………………………..显然 obviously, in stark/contrast, clearly 不论怎样 anyway

最重要的是，特别是 most important, above all, in particular 经对比 by contrast, in contrast, by comparison, in comparison,相反/相对的 conversely, instead, on the contrary, otherwise, unlike, whereas, while, yet, rather than

…………………………………………………………………………………………..相同的、相同重要的 equally, equally important, in the same way, in the same manner, like, likewise, similarly, all the same 诚然，让步 admittedly, after all,尽管although, even though, in spite of,…………………………………………………………………………………………..结果 accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in this way, so, therefore, thus 结论 as has been noted/mentioned/stated, at last, finally, in a word, all in all, in brief, in conclusion, in short, in sum, in summary, to conclude, to sum up, to summarize

………………………………………………………………………………………….六、同义词

Only= sole= exclusive= peerless= best Way= method= means

Make= form= shape= create

Man= human= person= individual= anyone Trustworthy= dependable

Trust= depend= entrust= believe Write up= report

Work out= solve= calculate= exercise Wind up= finish Turn up= discover Turn out= conclude Turn into= transform Stand for= represent

Spell out= state in detail Set up= arrange

Rule out= eliminate（消除）Run across= find accidentally Run into= meet by accident Put off= postpone（推迟）Pick out= select

Put up with= tolerate

Make out= understand with difficulty Make up= invent= compose Bring about= cause Look up to= respect

Look up= located information Look over= examine Keep on= continue

Keep up= remain current Carry on= transact= continue Clear up= clarify Cut down on=reduce Fall though= fail Figure out= discover Go after= follow Go before= precede Go up= increase Go over= review

第二篇：雅思小作文写作技巧：句式变化@皇家留学

雅思小作文写作技巧：句式变化

句型的丰富度是雅思写作技巧中非常重要的点，而高分的雅思小作文写作范文往往也是有着丰富的句型搭配和词汇运用，下面天道小编就通过实例来讲解一下如果在雅思小作文写作中运用更丰富的句型技巧。雅思小作文主体部分是对图表进行重点描述的部分，需要大家在备考的时候加以重视。下面为大家整理的是关于雅思小作文写作中不同表达方法的总结，非常详细，对比鲜明，大家一起来看看详细内容吧。一般雅思小作文题目中就有明确要求在文中对所给数据进行分析比较，因此要想将主体段完成好肯定少不了“对比，比较，连接”等连接词以及语句，如while, however, in spite of, in stark contrast等连词，也包括类似it is clear that等插入语。

当然为了拿到高分，除了一些常用的搭配与表达之外，更地道或是更高级的表示也是必须要掌握的，主体段要想写的精彩，除了各式用词之外，也绝对离不开句式的搭配运用，简单的“淡妆”相信是难不倒考生的，但也必须注意结合“浓妆”，适当加入高级的表示方法。

如：中国的出生率从1920年至1935年上升，之后下降到1940年的5%左右。运用不同级别的词汇句式即可写出如下3种表达方式：

“淡妆”级别：China’s birth rate rose from 1920 to 1935.It then decreased to 1940 at about 5%.(用词简单，直接翻译的简单句)

“浓抹”级别：China’s birth rate rose from around 10 percent in 1920 to 15 percent in 1935, and then it fell sharply to somewhere at the vicinity of 5 percent in 1940.(用词调整的并列句)

考官提供范文中也有类似表达：In spite of some fluctuations in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in the three countries.(剑5 P162 Model Answer)

“烟熏妆”级别：Increasing from approximately 10 percent in 1920 to 15 percent in 1935, China’s birth rate then plunged to a low of just 5 percent in 1940.(首先导入分词伴随代替常规的China’s birth rate开头，且用词更高深);

十分建议各位考生可根据自己的语言功底适当添加此类级别的句子，以增加新鲜感和色彩，从而提高分数。

当然此类句式也能时常在考官提供的范文中找到：The first potential location is outside the town itself, and is sited just off themain road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west.(剑5 P166 Model Answer)

从就可以看出来，雅思小作文主体部分的写作方法是有很多种的，但是复杂一些的写作方法总是会更容易吸引考官的眼球而且也更容易达到写作的字数要求，所以建议大家都向最后一种表达方式靠拢。总之，丰富的句型能让你的雅思小作文写作更出彩，当然也不是通篇都是相当复杂的句型和生僻词汇就是好事，这样反而让考官觉得整篇雅思小作文写作的表达不够地道，甚至太过生硬，总之要把握好雅思小作文写作中复杂句式使用的度。

第三篇：雅思小作文

雅思小作文对很多人来讲都是一个很复杂的任务，所以掌握一些可以应用在各种图表中的万能模板是十分必要的。现在天道小编就为大家总结了10个雅思小作文的万能模板，希望会对大家有所帮助。

1、通过第一个曲线图，我们可以知道____,也说明了结果是___

According to the first graph, it can be seen that ______________, it can also be concluded from it that ______________.2、一张有趣、有教育意义的、(内容)的图片(这句模板在雅思小作文中的应用非常的广泛。)

There is an interesting and instructive picture which goes like this: __________.3、当前有一张涉及______的增长曲线图，许多人______，然而其他人倾向于___Nowadays there is a growing concern over ______________.Many people like ______________, while others are inclined to ______________.4、目前，共同之处是_________,许多人喜欢______因为_______除此之外还由于_____

Nowadays, it is common to ______________.Many people like______________ because ______________.Besides, ______________.5、(图表所示)_____，就像许多其他事物，被____更加喜爱，然而这一观点正被________所抨击，一些人认为_________，他们指出___________

______________, just like many other things, are preferred by ____________.While being attacked by the idea that ______________, some people consider ______________.They point that ______________.6、每种事物都有两面性和________，是没有异议的，包括利和弊

Everything has two sides and ______________ is not an exception, it has both advantages and disadvantages.7、_____作为_____被观察了许多年，但是人们现在像发现新大陆一样注视着它For years ______________ had been viewed as ______________.But people are taking a fresh look at it now.8、政府保证________，对于这份保证，大多数人做出了强烈地回应，因为_____It has stipulated by the government that ______________.To this stipulation, many people respond actively because ______________.9、_______出现在我们日常生活中是很平常的，无论我们做什么，_______都是不可避免的______________ is a common occurrence in our daily life.Whatever we do, ______________ can't be avoided.10、_____在人群中已经成为热门话题，特别是在年轻人中，激烈的争论无休止______________ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way.

第四篇：雅思小作文

1)The chart/graph/table/diagram/process(show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, describe, indicate)

2)According to/As can be seen from/As shown in/It is clear/apparent from/It can be seen from结尾句型(如果没有可以充分说的，可以不用结尾。结尾不要节外生枝。最好不要出现很明显有结尾特征的词语“in conclusion”)

中间关键句型————☆要注意认真审查题目，弄清楚要描述的数据究竟代表什么，单位是什么，用什么方式表达。

OBJECT(描述物体)

注意点：要明确以一定的顺序来写。从左到右或者是从上到下，从内到外(根据物体自己的特点)等等。把题目中给出的部件详细描述。(如202的自行车)

句型：介绍功能The illustration is of a _______ which is designed to(do something)↓

说明构成部分A ______ is made up of /consists of/comprises How many ?A number of parts/sections↓描述各个部件功能不要用you ,one可以用we, the operator(单数个体)First ,(the cyclist)puts his or her _____on the ____

要有一定的顺序，不要将每个部分单独写出，应该将能够合并的一起结合，注意用以下句型(被动态，定语从句，非谓语动词)

要用关联词

PIE CHART(饼图)

注意点：

1)文字中要表达出总量与分量的关系，在两个以上的PIE中，要注意各个PIE间的比较

2)数据究竟代表什么应清楚

语言点：

1)percentage / proportion

2)(v.)make up/ constitute / account for

3)①the biggest difference between 2 group(A+B)is in…,where A makes up 5% while B constitutes 67%the highest percentage of A, which was approximately 12%

② the percentage of A in…..is more than twice that of B, the ratio is 67% to 45%(0 compared to 0)

③in…,while a greater percentage of A than B are found in…….(the former is 0 and the latter is 0)④there are more A in……,reaching 0,compared with 0 of B

⑤A , which used to be the……..,has become less important, which declined(increased)sharply from 0 in 1978 to only 0 in 1998.⑥The biggest loss was to某区域.The biggest gains in A were made by某区域.FLOW CHART(曲线图)

注意点：

1)抓住“变化”和“趋势”

2)有两种情况其一是在不同时间段内的数据比较，另外是单独数据的全程描述。前者适合于数据代表的物体较少且时间界限明确的情况下，后者适合于描述数据对象很多且时间划定不清晰。当然依据考试中的题目来决定。

语言点：

1)变化状态幅度词(要依据描述的情况决定)轻微-----slightly, slowly(速度), steadily(平缓)逐渐----gradually显著-----significantly , markedly急剧-----rapidly , dramatically , abruptly ,sharply突然---suddenly趋势---trend inclination tendacy

2)变量幅度词语★增加-----increase, jump ,go up ,rise, climb , ascend , level up ,surge,★减少----decrease, drop ,go down ,fall,----, descend, level down ,★水平----keep/stay/remain/maintain stable ,----steady ,be similar to ,there is little/hardly any/no change★最高-----reach a highest point/the top/the summit/the peak/the most/peak in,at★最低-----reach a lowest point/the bottom//rock/hit a trough /bottom out★交叉-----correspond with in----year;---crossing the line for-----

3)时间幅度词语During the period 1970—1999;From 1970 to 1999;Since the early 1970s;In 1970------then in 1980-----ten years later

4)基本句型

There was变化趋势in the number of A from 1986-1990(over next…..yeas),which was followed by变化趋势and then变化趋势until 1998 when there was变化趋势for the next….years

From 1990 onwards, there was变化趋势in the number of A which then变化趋势at 0 in 1994.In 1990,the number reached(was)0,but 30 years later there was变化趋势.After变化趋势from…to…,A begin变化趋势over the next….years.The number of…increased rapidly from 1988 to 1990 during the five-year period〓There was a rapid increase from 1988 to 1990 during the five-year period

A has almost/nearly/about/over a quarter/half/twice/one third /as many students as/as much money as /B;

A has about/approximately/exactly/precisely the same number/proportion/amount of students/money as…..It has reached something of a plateau,X percent/an average of X percent in the past few years in 1998.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998...the percentage of...is sightly larger/smaller than that of.....the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of.....decreased year by year while...increased steadily....here is an upward trend in the number of..(year)witnessed/saw a sharp rise in.....a has something in common with b/ the difference between a and b lies in..柱状图(Bar chart)

注意点：

1)柱图主要是陈列的数据比较多，不能将所有的信息写出，只能抓住重点与关键点来写(这些点可以是最大、小值；最高、低值；差距最大最小点等等)都需要结合题目来分析，对于一些点的特征具有相似性应该采用统一合并的方法，不能每有项都列出。

2)应该根据一定的顺序来写，否则会因逻辑不合理而失分

语言点：1)一般是以比较极与最高级的句子形式出现如

Low income consumed more hamburghers than other group(=more than other /group/ on hamburghers),spending more than twice/ as much as hamburghers than FC and Pizza(both about 40%)

High income favoured pizza,spenting 0,followed by FC at 0,then hamburgher at 0.High income appear to less than other /group/ on hamburghers,pizza remain their most popular fast-food, followed by FC.In 1975,among 3 of the world’s largest cities, San Paulo had the highest population(about 0.5 billion),and……is the second highest(about…..)……had the lowest population(about….).As a result in 1990,the number of….appears the largest population, closely followed by…,then…….at……

The table below shows the figures for imprisonment in 3 countries between 1930-1960 in great Britain, the numbers in prison has increased from….in 1930 to….in 1940,apart from in 1950 when the numbers in prison fell by….On the other hand , New Zealand and Australia are the only two countries in which the numbers in prison remain steady from 1930-1960,although there have been slightly fluctuations in this trend.In the period 1975to 1990,all cities showed a growth, Tokyo and Newyork had by far the largest increase(about…..).san Paulo had the smallest growth(about…)

There were no figures given for male part-time workers.In unemployed group, men enjoyed more leisure time---over 80%,compared with 40% for women(同一群体的比较), markedly more than women in retired group(不同群体的比较).表格/统计图(Table chart)

注意点：

1)同柱状一样对数据间的变化与特殊显著数据的描写要求很高

2)选择好顺序

流程图(Flow Chart)

注意点：

1)与物体、地图的描述一样，保持相同的作题原则

2)一定要按照顺序来说明

3)明确图片上要求说明的内容是什么，不要随意编造

描写程度

appreciablyadv.显著地，可观的He's looking appreciably thinner.considerablyadv显著地

markedlyadv显著地

remarkablyadv 显著地

considerablyadv.可观的The percentage is considerably higher than …

graduallyadv缓慢地gradual adj.缓慢的gradually decline

roughlyadv.粗糙地、大略地、大概地The percentage is roughly at 7%.roughadj.粗糙的、大略的、大概的slightadj.轻微的a slight slip, error, change, improvement

Slightlyadv.轻微地、微小地The patient is slightly better today

moderateadj.适中的、稳健的、温和的moderate price increases

moderatelyadv.适度地;不过分地

marginaladj.轻微的、边缘的、不重要的、微小的a marginal difference between ….Substantialadj.数目大的;可观的、显著的a substantial improvement, decrease

dramaticallyadv.巨大的、夸张的、引人注目的Her attitude changed dramatically.dramaticadj.戏剧的、夸张的、巨大的Obviouslyadj.明显地He was obviously drunk.approximateadj大约的，近似的 an approximate price, figure, amount, etc

approximatelyadv.大约地，近似地=roughly

twice, three timesadv.两倍 三倍

discrepantadj.有差异的，有矛盾的，不一致的=different

intermediateadj.中间的,介于两者之间,中等的at an intermediate point, level, stage

outnumbervt.在数量上超过The demonstrators were outnumbered by the police

specifically adv.特别地

respectivelyadv.分别地

描写变化趋势

diminishv.使减少His strength has diminished over the years.declinev.减少，下降，衰退n.衰落 降低a declining birth-rate

reducev.减少，下降n.减少increase profits by reducing costs

reductionn.减少

decreasev.变小或变少;减少n.减少Student numbers have decreased by 500.downwardadj.adv.下降，减少，恶化a downward trend in prices

curtail v.减少 削减（开支、花费）缩短（时间、假期）等We must try to curtail our spending curtailmentn.缩短;减少;削减

fluctuatev.涨落、波动The price fluctuates between 5 and 6.fluctuationn.波动、变化wide fluctuations of temperature

shackn.震荡、波动

stationaryadj.静止的，不动的a stationary phase of this curve 静止不动期

dwindlev.逐渐变少或变小;减少;缩小 dwindling hopes, popularity, profits

mountv.（数量、密度）上升、增加The death toll mounted to 100.multiplyv.增多, 增加Our problems have multiplied since last year.ascendv.上升;升高Ascending trend上升趋势

upwardadj., adv 上升，升高the upward trend in prices

increasev.增加, 增大（数目数量）n.增长The rate of inflation has increased by 2%.steadilyadv.稳定，保持不变remain steadily at 1000 for 2 years

triplev.变成三倍The figure has tripled.doublev.变成两倍The price of houses has virtually doubled over the past few years.constantly adv.持续地

固定用法：

In terms of…就。。方面来说Think of it in terms of an investment.Next come …,下一个说说。。Next come Guangzhou, it’s a smaller city than Beijing stay constantly at …保持稳定在。。

The correlation between A and BA和B的相互联系

According to the survey in 2004, the tendency of… can be observed from the graph above被动语态开篇句

remain beneath …保持在。。以下

climbing up to…攀升到。。

during this stage/period在此期间

As for…,对于。。来说，说到。。As for Japan, the situation may be more serious

常用名词

bar chart 柱状图=histogramn.直方图

pie chart饼状图flow chartn.流程图

diagram图示、图解、图片illustrationn.图示 图解 示意图

curve曲线图=graphn.图表，曲线图

proportionn.比例，百分比=sharen.份额 比例 分享 股份

top, Peakn.顶点bottom, hemline n.底点，最小值

maximumn.最大值minimumn.最小值

trend n.趋势=tendencyn.趋势

inclinationn.趋向，趋势He has an inclination to be fat

discrepancy n.差异，不一致=difference

breakdown= statistical analysisn统计分析,详细分析

the table gives a breakdown of amount of expenditures

counterpartn.对应的另一方，比较的另一方 this product is better than its counterparts

对于数据描述性的题，需要在内容中体现的有： 最大值，最小值，相同值，相异值，增加值，减少值，和两个图标的相互关系

对于趋势描述性的题，需要在写作中体现的有： 上升，下降，波动，稳定，峰值，谷值，交点，倍数，和两个曲线的相互关系

值得注意的是写作线索，例如一个图表，是关于不同房子价钱的不同，你到底应该按照价钱为叙事主线叙述，还是为叙事主线？选好主线小作文成功了一半。我刚开始小作文有的写的不错，有的感觉很冗长，为什么?就是因为写作线索没选好，这里告诉大家：选择写作线索，应应该以数据少的东西作为写作线索，例如，一个柱状图，两个年份2000 2006年，每个年份三个房价，分别是公寓、别墅、茅草屋的价钱。这时候就应该以年份为写作线索。先写，2000年3个房价分别多少，然后再写2006年3个房价多少。

再举例，如果是三个年份2000 2002 2006，两个房价分别是别墅价钱，公寓价钱，那么应该以房屋价钱为线索，先写别墅多少，3年趋势如何，再写公寓价钱多少，三年趋势如何。明白了不？

第五篇：雅思小作文

饼图Pie

As shown in the first chart, oil was the world’s main energy source, accounting for 37% of the energy consumption in 2005.Followed by coal and natural gas, constituting 28% and 23% respectively.By comparison, the proportion of nuclear power was small, 6%, equating that of hydro-electricity.Saudi Arabia accounts for the largest proportion of the world’s oil reserves, 20%, well ahead of Canada, the country with the second biggest reserve, 14%.Behind Canada are four Middle East countries, namely Iran(10%), Iraq(9%), Kuwait(8%)and United Arab(8%).By contrast, the reserves of Venezuela, Russia and the united states are relatively small, making up 6%, 5% and 2@ respectively.The remaining 18% is found in other countries.Pic

The three pie charts show how university students in three countries spent their money in the year 2003.In general, students in countries A spent slightly more than those in country B(US$5,000 and US$4,500 respectively).In comparison, student expenditure in country C was considerably lower, at only US$1,500 per year.Accommodation and food were the two biggest items of expenditure.Altogether they constituted around 60% of the total students’ expenditure in all the three countries.The difference is that in country A and B accommodation spending exceeded food spending while the reverse was true for country C.The rest of the students’ spending was divided among leisure, books and others.Leisure spending constituted a larger percentage(around 20%)of student expenditure in both country A and B, while in country C more money was spent on books(12%)than on leisure(12%).Overall, as wealth decreased, the percentage of students’ spending on non-essential items reduced.柱状图Bar

Pic

This bar chart shows the changes in the amount of oil discovered worldwide every 5 years from 1950 to 2005 and the predicted figures from 2010 to 2020.In 1950, the world oil discovery stood at 20 billion barrels a year, which grew dramatically over the next 15 years to reach a peak at approximately 56 billion barrels in 1965.However, from this year onwards, the growth of oil discovery was suddenly replaced by a sharply downward trend, with some ups and downs, to approximately 6 billion barrels a year in 2005, about 1/10of its peak amount in 1965.It is predicted that 7 billion barrels of oil will be discovered worldwide in the year 2010, and this figure is forecast to decline steadily to an all-time low of only 3 billion barrels in 2020.In conclusion, this chart shows that world oil discovery peaked in the 1960s but has been declining for over 40 years, and this trend is expected to continue into the near future.The bar chat shows information about the areas of land damaged by human activities in four major continents of the world.The area of land damaged in Africa and Asia are similar, totalling approximately 1,200 million hectares for each, while in Australia and Europe the numbers are considerably lower, averaging between 300and 400 million.Looking at the causes behind land damages, it can be seen that in African, Europe and especially Australia, breeding is the leading cause of land loss, damaging approximately 500, 100 and 400 million hectares of land respectively.Next comes tree-cutting which takes away slightly larger areas of land than farming in all the three regions.Asia shows a slightly different picture, where tree-cutting activities have led to the largest amount of land loss(450 million hectares).Breeding and farming account for the remaining damage(380 and 420 million hectares respectively).Overall, breeding causes the most pervasive damage to land around the world.折线图 line

Overall, the world population rose sharply from less than 500 million in the 1400s to 6 billion in 2000, a growth of 12 times over 600 years.The increase was more dramatic after 1800 and only in the 1700s was there an obvious decline(1.2 billion to 0.9 billion).The ozone hole was at its smallest size of about 400 thousand square km in 1980, but 20 years later, it was enlarged by 9 times to 3.6 million square km.The only period when there was a reduction in size was in the early 1990s(from 2 to 1.2 million square km).流程图diagram

The diagram shows the stages in the process of making chocolate.Chocolate comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in parts of south America, Africa and Indonesia.The tree produces large red pods which contain white cocoa beans.Firstly when the pods are ripe, they are harvested, the beans are removed and they are fermented for several days in large wooden boxes.During the fermenting process, the beans turn brown.Next, the brown beans are spread in the sun to dry.They are then put in large sacks and transported by train or lorry.After this, the beans are taken to a chocolate factory where they are roasted in an oven at temperatures of between 250 and 350 degree Celsius.After being roasted, the beans are crushed and the outer shell is removed.This part is not needed for making chocolate.Finally, the inner part of the bean is pressed and liquid chocolate is produced.(pic)

The chart describes how water is obtained outdoors.According to the figure, the first step of obtaining water outdoors is to find a hole with green plants on its bottom.Next, remove the green plants in the middle and put a container there.Then, cover the hole with a plastic sheet and place two stones on both ends of it to secure its position.A third stone is laid on the middle of the plastic sheet so that the middle part is also the lowest part.When the sun shines on the green plants in the hole, water evaporates from these plants.The vapour rises up and then cools down to form water drops on the plastic sheet.When there is more and more water, it flows along the sheet to accumulate on the lowest part.Finally, water falls down into the container directly under the middle stone.Thus, water is collected successfully through evaporation from green plants.Pic

In cool climate special attention is given to the use of building materials that have a high thermal mass.Insulation is used on the outside of heavy materials such as concrete, brick or adobe.This kind of material stores heat and slowly releases it while external insulation ensures that all heat absorbed by wall materials is released inside the building.Careful positioning of the building and large windows facing winter sunlight also assist to passively heat the house.The roof has an extreme angle to assist with snow runoff and roof overhang does not interfere with sunlight.Homes in warm climate require the opposite approach.Insulation and reflective roof material aim to keep heat from the sun out.Windows are placed under a wider roof overhang so that they are shaded form direct light in the day and so that cooler night air can move through the house when the windows are open.Map地图

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The three diagrams illustrate what the village of Kelsbey looked like in 1780, 1860, and 2000.In 1780, Kelsbey had only 100 homes, but it had a large expense of woods in the eastern part of the village and four plots of farmland in the middle.In the west there was a river running from north to south.The year 1860 saw a doubling of the number of homes but the size of farmland and woods was reduced by half.In the same year, a bridge could be seen over the river and a road was constructed linking the river to the residences.140 years later, the number of homes more than doubled to 500, but farms and woods completely disappeared.Several school buildings and sports facilities were constructed at the south-eastern corner of the village, which were connected with the residential area in the north by a newly-built road.Some shops opened up along the river bank and a large stretch of wetland for birds was established at the southern end of the river.大作文

Body paragraph A

It is first important to realise that art is the key part of cultural legacy;therefore, it is meaningful to conserve the art for the cultural diversity.For example, painting in different culture has a range of styles, genres, tools and materials.If we did not protect it, a form of art would be disappeared.Besides, some work of art such as graffiti, spark people’s imaginations and provide them a novel perspective to view the world.The arts can develop a culture which people pursue art as a hobby.Furthermore, arts also improved the environment attractive, which is reflected in architecture and gardening design.Body paragraph B

Although arts are very important, we observe public facilities should get more subsidy than arts from government.Citizens are more interested in the availability of public facilities, such as, water and electricity supply, schools, libraries and roads, these facilities have a direct impact on their daily lives.By contrast, for most people, sculptures, paintings or operas are luxury items, which cannot bring any tangible benefit to them.Another reason is that the arts can sometimes yield high returns and therefore succeed in receiving business sponsorship.This is particularly the cause when arts include music, movies, operas and creative arts.Therefore, it is pointless to support the use of public funds for this purpose, if basic facilities are underfunded.