第一篇:2011年中考英语写作冲刺辅导0
冲刺2011年中考英语作文辅导
主备人:张献芳
中考英语作文在整个英语考试中有着举足轻重的地位,作文质量的好与差,得分悬殊很大如何写好英语作文给考生带来了很大的困扰。其实,中考英语写作是很容易提高的,因此,同学们大可不必慌张,害怕。那么如何才可以在短时间内提高自己的写作水平呢?这要从对英文写作的评价标准入手。初中英文写作的评价标准通常要考虑以下六个方面:
1.你所表达的内容是否与中文提供的情景一致,是否达意。
2.单词拼写错误,语法时态及句子结构错误是否影响了内容的准确性。
3.扩展部分的逻辑推理是否与所提供的中文情景相关,所用语言是否准确的表达了你的思想。
4.能否使用恰当的关联词或者复合句使文段内容完整,逻辑合理,结构正确。
5.是否注意了必要的造句技巧,句子开头大写及句尾的标点符号。
6.卷面是否整洁。
因此,写作高分不是以高级词汇及从句的堆积取得的。而是由合理的逻辑思维能力,熟练运用英文基础词汇及语法准确表达思想的能力,以及基础写作技巧的运用能力得到的。
一、写作需要注意的地方:
(1)注意篇章结构,合理布局
开始部分:说出文中的要点、核心问题。
正文部分:围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。
结尾部分:对全文的总结和概括。
要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系,内容完整、连贯。前后呼应,祛除与主题无关的内容。
(2)确定主题句
主题句是对全文的概括,是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现
在一篇文章的开头,而后,全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释,扩展。写主题句应注意以下几点:
①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点
②提炼出一句具有概括性的话
③主题句应具有可读性,抓住、吸引读者。
二、写作思路:
审好题
仔细审查所给的内容提示(包括文字和图表等),明确要求写的内容,确定文章的体裁、人称、时态等,理顺思路,确定主旨。
看要点,写片段
对于易于表达的内容,一次成句;对于一时难于表达的内容,写出词组。此时,既注意不遗漏内容要点,也不要随意添加任何内容。
三、写作步骤:
定句型,连词成句
这个环节是成文的关键,一定要注意做到:
(1)选用比较有把握的词汇,用恰当的句型写出确切反映内容要求的句子。在熟悉的基础上,鼓励多用高级词汇和结构复杂的复杂句。如表达“为了……”时,可用inorder to do 或 so as todo.也可用sothat引导目的状语从句。
(2)写出的句子要达意,完整,语法正确,合乎习惯,特别是句式、谓语动词形式要有根有据。
(3)表达限定的内容有困难时,就要想到“AllroadsleadtoRome.”这句话,用变通的方法,以达到“曲径通幽”。如要译“他表哥外强中干”这样一句话,表达起来似乎很难,但我们完全可以通过学过的东西将这句话明白贴切地表达出来:Hiscousinlooks strong but in fact,he is rather weak.(4)尽量避免使用汉语式的英语。例如要表达“她睡得很迟”,不可写成:Shesleptvery late.应该写成:Shewent tobed verylate.因为“sleeplate”表示“睡懒觉”。又如要表达“他一点都不担心他的英语”,不可写成:Heisnot a little worried abouthisEnglish.实际上意思完全相反,表达成“他非常担心他的英语”了。应该是:Heisnot a bit worried about his English.或:He isnotworried about his English at all.连词成句,添减相宜
单句写出后,根据短文的内容要求,确定先写什么,后写什么,按照表述内容的情节发展和实际需要,重新排列组合已写成的句子,划分必要的段落,一般分成三段。
即:文章的开头(Introduction)、文章的主体(Mainbody)和文章的结尾(Conclusion).这样写成文章的初稿。在连词成句的过程中,还要注意以下几点:
(1)句子或段落间的连接不仅仅是个语言问题,也是个逻辑思维方面的问题,这两者是不能分开的。能注意到这一点,你的文章就能达到条理清楚、层次分明的境界。
(2)为了使句子或段落语义连贯,表达合理准确,可以适当加入一些连接词语。如表达转折可用but,however,otherwise等,表达递进可用and,also,besides,Whatsmore等,表达因果so,therefore,asaresult等,表达对比可用atthesametime,meanwhile,while等,表达让步可用though,although,evenif等。有时还需要加入一些必要的过渡句子以达到承上启下的效果。
(3)仔细推敲在文章的哪些地方可用复杂句。切忌生搬硬套,给人一种为了用复杂句而用复杂句的感觉。要用得自然、得体。要顺应行文的需要,与整个文章浑然一体。
尽量使用我们熟悉的宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。
检查,修改,定稿,誊写
检查修改是进一步减少疏漏提高质量的最后程序,这时要对照题目要求,认真检查以下几点:
(1)内容有无遗漏或误词,最好一一对应检查。
(2)体裁格式对不对。
(3)句子是否有语法结构错误,特别要检查句子中的冠词、代词、名词复数、动词的时态、语态、主谓一致等方面是否有错误。
(4)句子是否合乎英语表达习惯,是否达意。
(5)书写字迹和标点符号是否规范清晰,词数是否基本上符合要求。经过认真修改润色的短文,即可认真工整地誊写在指定的卷面上。抄好后再速读一遍,力求完美。
进入了最后的冲刺阶段,同学们个个整装待发,准备就绪。同时,也有很多同学十分迷茫,十分纠结。因为他们不知道如何才能够提高英语的写作部分,亦或是如何才可以取得高分?
四、十大关系代词替换
一)And 并列关系(and)
in addition / and / similarly / likewise / as well as / besides / furthermore / also / moreover / too / not only „„but / even / besides this/that
二)Sequence 顺序(then)出现的时候表示列举
first / initially / second etc/ to begin with / then / next / earlier/later / following this/that / afterwards
三)Consequence 结果(so)前面是后面的结果 / 也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了。as a result / thus / so / therefore / consequently / it follows that / thereby / eventually / in that case / admittedly
四)Contrast转折(but)表对前面论述的转折 / 一般后面才是作者观点however / on the other hand / despite / in spite of /though / although / but / on the contrary/ yet / instead of / rather / whereas /nonetheless / in contrast
重庆市2009年初中毕业暨高中招生考试中的作文题,一篇满分作文写道:I am super excited.On the other hand,I am a little bit nervous because I am afraid of facing problems at new school.作者用On the other hand表示转折,我很
激动,但是还是有些紧张,因为„„两个转折词的应用使得句子间的连接恰到好处,十分连贯。
五)Certainty 确定(of course)强烈的确定 / 后面是作者的坚定论点obviously / certainly / plainly / of course / undoubtedly
六)Condition 条件/ 因为(if)后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。if / unless / whether / provided that / Given that / for / so that / whether / depending on
七)Time 时间(when)before / since / as / until / meanwhile / at the moment / when / whenever / as soon as / just as
八)Summary 总结(in a word)作者的最后总结in conclusion / in summary / lastly / finally / to sum up / to conclude / to recapitulate 重述 / in short / in a word
08年北京中考题中一篇满分作文在文章的结尾处写道:In a word,we can learn a lot form this little hero.作者用In a word概括全篇文章,显得简洁,概括并且具体。
九)Example举例(for example)for example / for instance / just as / in particular / such as / namely
来看看2009年北京中考作文中的一篇满分作文这样写道:I often help my parents do housework,such as,washing clothes,cleaning the room and watering flowers.笔者用了such as进行举例,补充说明帮助父母做家务的种类,显得十分详细。
十)Reason原因(because)since / as/ so /because(of)/ due to / owing to / the reason why / in other words/leads to / cause
我们来看这样一个例子,在2007年中考满分作文中,有个同学这样写道:But I don’t think what you do is right since you are a student.他自如的运用了but 和since这两个连词,使整句话变得非常连贯。
五、经典题例
下面以今年3月中考一模试卷的作文为例,谈谈写中考英语作文的具体步骤和应注意的事项。
原题介绍
目前,扬州正在创建()全国文明城市(NationalCivilizationCity)。作为一个中学生,我们在学校、在家里、在公共场合等等应该做到哪些才能称得上是一个文明的(civilized)人呢?我们又如何为这个活动作贡献(makecontributionto)呢?请你就此写一篇100字左右的短文。
第二篇:冲刺2011年中考英语作文辅导
冲刺2011年中考英语作文辅导
中考英语作文在整个英语考试中有着举足轻重的地位,作文质量的好与差,得分悬殊很大如何写好英语作文给考生带来了很大的困扰。
思路:
审好题
仔细审查所给的内容提示(包括文字和图表等),明确要求写的内容,确定文章的体裁、人称、时态等,理顺思路,确定主旨。
看要点,写片段
对于易于表达的内容,一次成句;对于一时难于表达的内容,写出词组。此时,既注意不遗漏内容要点,也不要随意添加任何内容。
步骤:
定句型,连词成句
这个环节是成文的关键,一定要注意做到:
(1)选用比较有把握的词汇,用恰当的句型写出确切反映内容要求的句子。在熟悉的基础上,鼓励多用高级词汇和结构复杂的复杂句。如表达“为了„„”时,可用inorder to do 或 so as todo.也可用sothat引导目的状语从句。
(2)写出的句子要达意,完整,语法正确,合乎习惯,特别是句式、谓语动词形式要有根有据。
(3)表达限定的内容有困难时,就要想到“AllroadsleadtoRome.”这句话,用变通的方法,以达到“曲径通幽”。如要译“他表哥外强中干”这样一句话,表达起来似乎很难,但我们完全可以通过学过的东西将这句话明白贴切地表达出来:Hiscousinlooks strong but in fact,he is rather weak.(4)尽量避免使用汉语式的英语。例如要表达“她睡得很迟”,不可写成:Shesleptvery late.应该写成:Shewent tobed verylate.因为“sleeplate”表示“睡懒觉”。又如要表达“他一点都不担心他的英语”,不可写成:Heisnot a little worried abouthisEnglish.实际上意思完全相反,表达成“他非常担心他的英语”了。应该是:Heisnot a bit worried about his English.或:He isnotworried about his English at all.连词成句,添减相宜
单句写出后,根据短文的内容要求,确定先写什么,后写什么,按照表述内容的情节发展和实际需要,重新排列组合已写成的句子,划分必要的段落,一般分成三段。
即:文章的开头(Introduction)、文章的主体(Mainbody)和文章的结尾(Conclusion).这样写成文章的初稿。在连词成句的过程中,还要注意以下几点:
(1)句子或段落间的连接不仅仅是个语言问题,也是个逻辑思维方面的问题,这两者是不能分开的。能注意到这一点,你的文章就能达到条理清楚、层次分明的境界。
(2)为了使句子或段落语义连贯,表达合理准确,可以适当加入一些连接词语。如表达转折可用but,however,otherwise等,表达递进可用and,also,besides,Whatsmore等,表达因果so,therefore,asaresult等,表达对比可用atthesametime,meanwhile,while等,表达让步可用though,although,evenif等。有时还需要加入一些必要的过渡句子以达到承上启下的效果。>
(3)仔细推敲在文章的哪些地方可用复杂句。切忌生搬硬套,给人一种为了用复杂句而用复杂句的感觉。要用得自然、得体。要顺应行文的需要,与整个文章浑然一体。
尽量使用我们熟悉的宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。
检查,修改,定稿,誊写
检查修改是进一步减少疏漏提高质量的最后程序,这时要对照题目要求,认真检查以下几点:
(1)内容有无遗漏或误词,最好一一对应检查。
(2)体裁格式对不对。
(3)句子是否有语法结构错误,特别要检查句子中的冠词、代词、名词复数、动词的时态、语态、主谓一致等方面是否有错误。
(4)句子是否合乎英语表达习惯,是否达意。
(5)书写字迹和标点符号是否规范清晰,词数是否基本上符合要求。经过认真修改润色的短文,即可认真工整地誊写在指定的卷面上。抄好后再速读一遍,力求完美。
经典题例
下面以今年3月中考一模试卷的作文为例,谈谈写中考英语作文的具体步骤和应注意的事项。
原题介绍
目前,扬州正在创建()全国文明城市(NationalCivilizationCity)。作为一个中学生,我们在学校、在家里、在公共场合等等应该做到哪些才能称得上是一个文明的(civilized)人呢?我们又如何为这个活动作贡献(makecontributionto)呢?请你就此写一篇100字左右的短文。2011年新经典中考英语作文 关注时事
H1N1流感
★ 范文01.根据中文大意和英文提示词语,写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的短文。所给英文提示词语供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
世界上已有许多国家发现了新型H1N1流感病毒(H1N1 flu virus)病例。据了解,人感染该病毒后会出现咳嗽、发烧、疲劳等症状。为了加强同学们的预防意识,(21世纪中学生英语报》正在举办征文活动,请你给该报投稿,描述感染该病毒的症状并谈一谈为了预防该病毒我们该怎么做,最后表达我们能战胜病毒的信心。提示词:cough,have a fever,feel tired,prevent,wash,exercise,sleep,believe
Nowadays,many countries in the world have found cases of the new H1N1 flu virus.It’s said that people with H1N1 flu virus will cough,have a fever and feel tired.To prevent the virus,we can do many things.Firstly,we’d better not go to places where there are many people.Secondly,we need to wash our hands often with soap and water,especially after we cough or sneeze.It‘s also a good habit for us to exercise regularly.It can not only help us keep fit but also improve our health against illness.And having a good sleep is important,too.People who are tired or under stress can get sick easily.And then,eat more fruit and vegetable to keep ourselves fit and strong.Last but not least,open the window and keep the air in the room fresh.If we all do these things,we will prevent the virus.So there is no need to be worried.I believe we will win through in the end.上海世博会
★ 范文02.上海世博会对中国的影响
As we all know that 2010 World Expo will be held in Shanghai,this is the first time that China hosted the World Expo.The World Expo has a long history but it has never been held
该文章转载自无忧考网:http://www.xiexiebang.come more exciting and attractive and that we can enjoy life to the fullest.Organizers expected to attract 70 million visitors from all over the world to attend,at the same time it is also the largest in the history of World Expo.It is a good chance for China to show its achievements in many fields.玉树地震
★ 范文03.玉树地震
The earthquake in Yushu
An earthquake happened on April 14th in the Yushu county of Qinghai province.There are many people died in this earthquake.When we heard the news,we were all shocked and sad.But when I think of Wenchuan,I believe that people in Yushu are not alone,because we,all the Chinese,will be with them.We should try our best to help people in Yushu.I will take actions to help the people,such as donating money and things they need for them.And we should make friends with homeless children and cheer them up.If possible,I want to be a volunteer in Yushu and help them build the new house!I hope that they can overcome the disaster and lead happy lives in their rebuilt home soon.★ 范文04.How to Survive an Earthquake
If earthquake happened,firstly,don’t panic and calm down.Secondly,find some safe place to stay and don‘t run in s uch a hurry.If in the room,one should hide himself/herself under something hard,such as desk,table or even bed and keep away from shelf and cupboard,and never take a lift to go downstairs.If in the open air,find an open place and never get close to cars or waterside.Thirdly,we should help each other when we meet trouble.At last,no matter how strong the earthquake is,if only we have the belief to defeat it and never give up,we must be able to overcome any difficulties.2011年中考英语作文预测及范文 保护环境
从2008年6月1日起,国家将禁止商家免费提供塑料袋,掀起全国“拒塑”的环保运动。假如你是李华,准备以“What Can We Do for the Environment” 为题,写一篇保护环境的英语演讲稿。
内容包含:
1.在购物时用布袋子替代塑料袋;
2.尽可能地再利用使用过的课本;
3.离开教室应关灯;
4.最好走路或骑自行车上学;
5.简述理由:保护环境,减少污染,节约能源等
注意:
1.词数:80词左右。开头和结尾已经为你写好,不计入总词数;
2.可根据要点适当增加细节,使行文连贯;
3.文章中不能出现真实姓名和校名,否则以零分处理。
4.参考词汇:布袋子cloth bag塑料袋plastic bag保护protect能源energy污染pollution课本textbook
What Can We Do for the Environment
Hello, everyone.I’m Li Hua.It’s nice to speak about what we can do for the environment,and I think each of us can do a little bit to help with this problem.___________________________________________________
In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment.I believe we can make the world a better place to live in.Thank you for your listening!
参考作文:
What Can We Do for the Environment
Hello, everyone.I’m Li Hua.It’s nice to speak about what we can do for the environment, and I think each of us can do a little bit to help with this problem.The first thing we can do is to use cloth bags in stead of plastic bags when we go shopping.It helps to protect the environment.The second thing we can do is to reuse(再利用)the old textbooks as possible as we can.We should also never forget to turn off the lights when we leave the classrooms in order to save energy.What‟s more, it would be better if we walk or ride a bike to
In fact, even the simplest everyday activities(日常活动)can make a real difference to(对„有影响)the environment.I believe we can make the world a better place to live in.Thank you for your listening!
5、.环境问题:
今天环境变得越来越糟糕,环境问题影响着人们的工作,学习,生活等,而我们的工作,生活,生产等又使环境污染越来越严重..........,如何保护我们的环境?请以“ How to protect/save our environment/world? ”为题写一篇短文。
提示:存在问题: 1.水污染越来越严重 2.砍伐森林严重 3.大气污染严重 4.白色垃圾等。
要求:如何改善/保护环境? 至少:3---4个方面,80字左右的。
范文:
How to protect/save our environment/world?
The environmental pollution is worse and worse /more and more seriously today.Water is polluted ,we have no clean water to drink.Many trees are cutting down, some animals is getting less and less.Some factories is pouring(排出)dirty air into the sky , the population is increasing faster and faster , resources is getting less and less…etc.Not only does it affect our lives and health, it also has a great affection in the future.People‟s health has been greatly affected by air, noise and water pollution.Many people died of diseases.In order to live a better life, we need protect our world.We shouldn’t throw away rubbish everywhere.We want to recycle(回收), reduce(减少), reuse(再利用)things.Don’t waste things ,This saves money and reduces pollution.Use things for as long as possible.We don’t use plastic bags.We mus plant more trees and stop the people cutting them.We hope our world will be more an d more beautiful.6、为了保护地球有限的资源,我们应该采取什么措施呢?请根据下面提示写一篇约80词的短文,短文开头已经给出。
提示词:
1.save water, the source of life , protect drinking water, stop polluting, make full use of it;
2.save electricity, crucial, turn off, other electric machines;
3.save forests, useful ,stop cutting down;
4.recycle useful rubbish, save resources
参考作文:
Although the world develops much faster and better, the resources on the earth get fewer and fewer.In order to protect them,something must be done.Save water.Water is the source of life.(水是生命之源)No water, no life.(没有水,就没有生命)So it’s very important for us to do so.Not only should we(我们不仅应该„)protect drinking-water(饮用水)and stop polluting it, but also make full use of(充分利用)it.Save electricity.It is crucial(关键的,至关重要的).We can’t imagine what the life will be like without it.Everyone should do his best to save electricity.Don’t forget to turn off lights or other electric machines(电器)when we finish working.Save forests.They are useful.Please stop cutting them down and use recycled paper instead.Make our world a green one to live in.Recycle useful rubbish.Plenty of rubbish can be recycled like cans, paper, bottles, and so on.We can save resources in this way.突发事件问题是中考书面表达的热点话题,从非典到雪灾,从地震到甲型HINI流感病例(A/HINI flu cases),都频频出现在各地中考试卷中,因此必须重视。但这类文章的写作有一定的难度,掌握基本句式和写作技巧非常必要。
典型例句:
1.one +of + 形容词最高级+ 名词复数
One of the biggest events in China in 2008 is that the earthquake happened in
WenChuan.2.It“s our duty to do sth
It‟s our duty to help them.3.As….as possible
We shoud help them as much as possible.4.here be„。.Here are lots of things we can do.5.We shoud keep calm instead of being afraid.我们要保持冷静而不能害怕。
6.make +sb+ 形容词
It makes many people homeless.7.too … to= so … that
They are too young to look after themselves
例文:
1、汶川大地震
2008年5月12日,四川省汶川地区发生了罕见的大地震,那里的人们痛失亲人和家园。全国人民众志成城,抗震救灾。作为一名中学生,请你谈谈你的做法和感受。
要求:文章语言流畅,逻辑清晰,用词准确,80—100字左右;
词汇参考:地震earthquake,悲痛sorrow,受到感动be deeply moved,安慰comfort,重建rebuild,自愿做某事volunteer to do sth
参考范文:
On May 12th,a big earthquake happened in Wenchun,Sichuan.Many people lost
their relatives and their homes.All the Chinese people feel quite sorrow.A lot of
people volunteer to help them.Some people raise money for them,some people buy
something for them,some people go there to comfort the sad children.Thousands of
soldiers help them to save their relatives and rebuild their homes Even foreign
friends also give them a hand.I‟m deeply moved by these people.So I‟ll use my pocket money to buy some
f food and school things for the children there.I think all of us should try our best
to help them to get out of the trouble together.2、雪灾
2008年春节期间,我国大部分地区遭受雪灾,特别是南方,室几十年未遇。公路、铁路、机场都被迫关闭,电网瘫痪,数百万人不能回家过年。部分山区人民生活异常困难,在各级政府的带领下,人民群众、解放军战士英勇抗击雪灾,涌现出大批可歌可泣的英雄事迹。作为一名中学生,你有何感想?有何打算?能不能改变这种状态?
As we know,our country suffered heavy snow last Spring Festival.Everything
was covered with heavy snow.It made the buses,trains and planes stop.Millions
of people couldn”t go home.Many people suffered trouble.There was no food,water or light in some places.Our government called on people to fight against
heavy snow.As a student,I think we should learn from those heroes.We must study
hard at school.We should learn all kinds of nowledge to make our motherland
stronger,better and richer.3.甲型HINI流感
从电视上看到美国正流行甲型HINI流感(A/HINI flu),部分学校停课你为你正在美国上学的笔友Mike的健康与安全担心。请立即给他写一封email询问他的情况,并给他提出防护建议。
要点:
一。询问
1.他的健康状况;
2.他们学校有无甲型HINI流感病例(A/HINI flu cases);
3.他们是否还上学。
二。建议
1.尽量呆在家里,少去人多的地方;
2.勤洗手;讲卫生
3.多开窗,保持空气新鲜;
4.多吃水果蔬菜。
Dear Mike,From the TV I know many A/HINI I flu cases are reported recently in the United States and many schools are closed as a result.I‟m so worried about you.Are you
alright? Are there any A/HINI flu cases in your school? Do you still have to school
everyday?
To stay away fr om the disease,you’d better stay at home as much as possible
and not go to places where there are many people.Wash your hands more often to
keep them clean;Open the window to have more fresh air in the room;And eat
more fruit and vegetable to keep yourself fit and strong.So far the disease is not so deadly as it seems to be.Do be at ease!Take care
and you‟ll be OK.Yours truly,Li Hua
中考英语作文范文:健康问题,健康问题是中考常考的话题,出题形式多样,有必要下苦功掌握。
健康问题是中考常考的话题,出题形式多样,有必要下苦功掌握。
典型例句:
1.It is very important to keep healthy。
2.How can we keep healthy?
3.We can“t go to sleep too late.We can”t get up too late。
4.We should eat the food healthily。
5.We should do more exercise。
6.Last Tuesday I got a cold and had a pain in my head。
7.I didn“t feel like eating anything。
8.I decided to see the doctor。
9.In the doctor”s office, the doctor looks over me carefully。
10.He said :“Nothing serious.” And he told me to take a rest and drink more water。
11.A nurse gave me an injection.It was a little painful。
12.The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day。
13.A few days later, I felt better.From then on I believe that keeping healthy is the most important thing in the world。
例文:
1、根据图示,简要介绍一下如何才能保持健康,并展开想象,适当发挥。要求:词数80左右。短文开头已给出,不计入总词数。
参考答案:
All of us want to be healthy.First,we should get enough sleep during the night.We can go to bed early and get up early.Staying up late is bad for our health.Second, we must have the right kinds of food.We should eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat.We should drink a lot of water.We should have healthy eating habits.Third, we should do more exercise to build up our bodies.Finally, we should wash hands before meals and brush our teeth twice a day.If we don‟t feel well, we should d go to see the doctor at once.2、卫生健康饮食:健康一直是人们关注的问题我校要举行以“关爱健康”为题的主题班会,请根据下表内容谈谈你的看法,写一篇80字左右的演讲槁。
(1)保持健康的重要性
(2)保持健康的方法
(3)保持健康的结论
(4)(你的看法?)1.多吃水果蔬菜保持饮食平衡避免含糖高脂肪高的食物2.多锻炼健身强体;3.鄙弃不良习惯
范文1:
Dear boys and grils :
Here is my advice about how to keep health / fit.As a middle shool student , first you’d better do more exercise such as playing ball games running swimming and jumping rope(绳子).Then you should pay attention to your diet or meals.Don‟t eat too much meat and suger but more vegetables and fruit.Third you need enough sleep or rest.Next keep yourself happy.As people often say smiling makes younger.Last you mustn‟t drink wine or smoke.They are bad for your health.That is my advice.I hope you are healthy and enjoy your life.Thank you,bye!
范文2:
Dear boys and girls:
I’m talking about how to keep health/fit.Today many teenagers are unhealthy because they do less exercise, eat more junk food, and they usually do not have enough time to sleep.If we wish to keep fit, my advices are as follow:
Firstly, we must keep taking exercises every day , and eat lots of fruit and vegetables.Secondly, try to sleep for about 8 hours a night, and remember to “early to bed early to rise”.Finally, stay away from cigarettes / smoking/ drugs毒品.Besides(除此之外), don’t forget to breathe(呼吸)the fresh air in the open air.Keep happy every day.That is my advice.I hope you are healthy and enjoy your life.3、根据中英文提示,写出内容完整、意思连贯、符合逻辑的稿件。(字数不少于60词,英文提示词供选用)
有写学生不爱吃学校的午饭,常到校外去吃他们所喜欢吃的食物。但有些食物并不利于他们的身体健康。“英语角”打算针对这个问题展开讨论。请你准备一篇讨论稿,谈谈你的看法和建议。
参考词汇:not like, go out of school, be afraid, be back, more delicious, offer
范文:
We know that some of our students do not like eating lunch at school because the food isn‟t delicious.So they often go out of school to buy
something which they like to eat.But I‟m afraid that it‟s bad for their health to eat lunch outside the school, because some of the food they buy isn‟t healthy enough.In my opinion, if our schools want more students to be back and enjoy lunch inside, they should make the food more delicious, and also they should offer our students a larger choice of food as well.多彩校园
学校简介
★ 范文13.在一次英语班会上,老师请同学们以Proud of My School 请根据下面所给的提示写一篇发言稿。内容包括学校面貌,你在校的活动,以及你喜欢学校的原因。
提示词:bigsmall,trees,play games,family,be kind to,befeel proud of
Proud of my school
My school is very big with several tall buildings.We have a beautiful playground with lots of trees around it.There are many flowers everywhere.My busy school life always makes me happy.I have lots of fun at school.I not only have all kinds of classes,but also take part in colorful activities after classes.I play games and do lots of sports,like playing basketball,football and table tennis.I love my school because it‟s like a big family.The students are friendly and the teachers in my school are as kind to us as our parents.I feel proud of my school because it is one of the best schools in my heart.I„m leaving my school.I‟ll never forget the days I„ve spent here.友情至上
★ 范文14.假设你叫Liu Yan,初中三年,你与同学们在一起学习、参加各种活动,相互帮助,彼此之间建立了深厚的友谊。校园网的英语论坛开辟了 “Thank you letter” 专栏。请按下面的要求给你的同学Ling Feng写一封感谢信。注意:1.这封信要表达你对Ling Feng的感谢;2.信中要简述感谢Ling Feng的原因,适当举例,并谈谈自己的感受;提示词语:thank you,at the end of,kind,forget,help„ with,stay in touch
Dear Ling Feng,I would like to thank you at the end of our middle school education.You have been very kind and helpful since we knew each other.You have given me so much help that I will never forget.Last term,I caught a bad cold and had to stay at home for a w week.When I was worrying about the lessons,you came to my home after school and helped me with every subject.With your help,I didn’t fall behind others.Since then,we have become very close friends.I think I’ll try to help others just like you.Thank you again.Even though we may go to different schools,I’ll always stay in touch with you.I wish you success for the future.Yours,Liu Yan
课余活动
★ 范文15.体育锻炼与参加夏令营
Most of us spend one or two hours on sports one week,some do less than one hour.As for me,most of my sports time is for running.Sometimes playing basketball with my friends is also fun for me.I think it’s necessary for everyone to go out to do sports because it’s good for our health and study.And I’d love to take part in the summer camp.First we’d better hold some parties with foreign students in order to know each other better.Next we can visit some museums,places of interest to open our eyes.Finally I hope we will have a chance to live in foreign families.I think it’s a good way to understand the different cultures between different countries.I really want to make friends with foreign students because we’re in the same world.At the same time,the activities can help us relax ourselves after the examinations and improve our English.运动会
★ 范文16.一家英文报社正在举办征文活动,请你积极参加。题目是“一次难忘的运动会”。内容要求:你或你的朋友参加了什么项目,结果怎样,感觉如何?提示词语:year,take part in,field event(relay race,high jump,long jump,shot put,excited,take the first prize.This year,I took part in the relay race,I was running the last lap.It was the final event on sports meet.Everyone was paying attention.All the runners got ready at the starting line.As soon as the race began,everyone was too excited to stop cheering.When it was my turn,I could feel the Class 4’s runner catch up with me.So I try my best to run faster,finally,our class won the first prize in the most exciting event.I was happy that I won another prize for my class.This is the most unforgettable sports that I had.毕业感想
★ 范文17.初中生活马上就要结束了,三年的初中生活一定给你留下了很多挥之不去的回忆。请你给大家讲一个最值得你回忆的故事。包括时间、人物、事情经过和事后你的感想(请不要写出真实的学校名称以及真实姓名)。
提示词供参考。three years,memories,one of,one day,think,happy/ sorry
How time flies!I have studied in my school for three years.And I will graduate from middle school in a month.I am eager to share my happiness and sadness with you.I had so many memories in three years’ life.On of them impressed me very much.I still remember,when I began to learn English,I found it too difficult.No matter how hard I tried,I still couldn’t do well in it and almost gave it up.As soon as my English teacher found my problem,she had a talk with me about how to learn English well.Since then,she has kept helping me.Little by little,I’ve become interested in English and I’m good at it.I think I am so lucky to become one of her students.I’ve learned a lot from her.I will try to help others when they are in trouble.I think it is a happy thing to help others.
第三篇:冲刺2011年中考英语作文辅导
冲刺2011年中考英语作文辅导
中考英语作文在整个英语考试中有着举足轻重的地位,作文质量的好与差,得分悬殊很大如何写好英语作文给考生带来了很大的困扰。
思路:
审好题
仔细审查所给的内容提示(包括文字和图表等),明确要求写的内容,确定文章的体裁、人称、时态等,理顺思路,确定主旨。
看要点,写片段
对于易于表达的内容,一次成句;对于一时难于表达的内容,写出词组。此时,既注意不遗漏内容要点,也不要随意添加任何内容。
步骤:
定句型,连词成句
这个环节是成文的关键,一定要注意做到:
(1)选用比较有把握的词汇,用恰当的句型写出确切反映内容要求的句子。在熟悉的基础上,鼓励多用高级词汇和结构复杂的复杂句。如表达“为了……”时,可用inorder to do 或 so as todo.也可用sothat引导目的状语从句。
(2)写出的句子要达意,完整,语法正确,合乎习惯,特别是句式、谓语动词形式要有根有据。
(3)表达限定的内容有困难时,就要想到“AllroadsleadtoRome.”这句话,用变通的方法,以达到“曲径通幽”。如要译“他表哥外强中干”这样一句话,表达起来似乎很难,但我们完全可以通过学过的东西将这句话明白贴切地表达出来:Hiscousinlooks strong but in fact,he is rather weak.(4)尽量避免使用汉语式的英语。例如要表达“她睡得很迟”,不可写成:Shesleptvery late.应该写成:Shewent tobed verylate.因为“sleeplate”表示“睡懒觉”。又如要表达“他一点都不担心他的英语”,不可写成:Heisnot a little worried abouthisEnglish.实际上意思完全相反,表达成“他非常担心他的英语”了。应该是:Heisnot a bit worried about his English.或:He isnotworried about his English at all.连词成句,添减相宜
单句写出后,根据短文的内容要求,确定先写什么,后写什么,按照表述内容的情节发展和实际需要,重新排列组合已写成的句子,划分必要的段落,一般分成三段。
即:文章的开头(Introduction)、文章的主体(Mainbody)和文章的结尾(Conclusion).这样写成文章的初稿。在连词成句的过程中,还要注意以下几点:
(1)句子或段落间的连接不仅仅是个语言问题,也是个逻辑思维方面的问题,这两者
是不能分开的。能注意到这一点,你的文章就能达到条理清楚、层次分明的境界。
(2)为了使句子或段落语义连贯,表达合理准确,可以适当加入一些连接词语。如表达转折可用but,however,otherwise等,表达递进可用and,also,besides,Whatsmore等,表达因果so,therefore,asaresult等,表达对比可用atthesametime,meanwhile,while等,表达让步可用though,although,evenif等。有时还需要加入一些必要的过渡句子以达到承上启下的效果。
(3)仔细推敲在文章的哪些地方可用复杂句。切忌生搬硬套,给人一种为了用复杂句而用复杂句的感觉。要用得自然、得体。要顺应行文的需要,与整个文章浑然一体。尽量使用我们熟悉的宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。
检查,修改,定稿,誊写
检查修改是进一步减少疏漏提高质量的最后程序,这时要对照题目要求,认真检查以下几点:
(1)内容有无遗漏或误词,最好一一对应检查。
(2)体裁格式对不对。
(3)句子是否有语法结构错误,特别要检查句子中的冠词、代词、名词复数、动词的时态、语态、主谓一致等方面是否有错误。
(4)句子是否合乎英语表达习惯,是否达意。
(5)书写字迹和标点符号是否规范清晰,词数是否基本上符合要求。经过认真修改润色的短文,即可认真工整地誊写在指定的卷面上。抄好后再速读一遍,力求完美。经典题例
下面以今年3月中考一模试卷的作文为例,谈谈写中考英语作文的具体步骤和应注意的事项。
原题介绍
目前,扬州正在创建()全国文明城市(NationalCivilizationCity)。作为一个中学生,我们在学校、在家里、在公共场合等等应该做到哪些才能称得上是一个文明的(civilized)人呢?我们又如何为这个活动作贡献(makecontributionto)呢?请你就此写一篇100字左右的短文。
第四篇:中考各科冲刺辅导
名师教路:中考各科冲刺捡分技巧
在每年的中考中,一些考生超常发挥,比平时多考几十分的现象并不少见。中考内容相对基础,只要考生基础知识扎实,冲刺阶段的复习方法和策略得当,并且保持较好的状态,中考来个提升并不是神话。《毕业生》请来省实、六中、铁一、七中、47中和天河中学的初中名师,从知识薄弱点、复习重点、备考策略,到最后阶段时间安排、考场突围等各个层面,为考生冲刺备考提供最全面的指导。
语文
还有10分提升空间
●广东实验中学初中部语文科组长 楚云
剩下的20天对于偏重记忆的语文学科来说相当关键,倘若方法得当,考生至少还有10分的提升空间。
刚刚结束的模拟考反映,学生有以下几大共性问题:审题不认真,“采分点”不完整;表达不准确,对修辞手法、说明方法和论证方法等不能准确表述;格式不规范,尤其是概括内容、赏析语句题;用时不得当,导致作文或个别阅读题没能完成;书写不整洁,直接降低了阅卷老师的作文评分。
针对这些问题,冲刺阶段,考生应该抓住以下突击点:
第一,基础题要足够熟练。这部分包括字音、字形、病句、词语运用、古诗文积累和赏析等知识,其中在试卷中约占30分的古诗文是最大的长分点。只要肯投入时间和精力,分数就能明显提高。
第二,阅读题要足够规范。这部分涉及到说明文、议论文和记叙文这三种文体。力争对其文体常识、主要考点及其基本题型、变式题型、答题格式,甚至评分标准等等了然于胸,从而保证在考场上规范、准确地作答,这是众多考生的当务之急。
第三,作文题要足够真切。这部分要求考生切合题目要求,抒写自己的真情与思考。切记要加强素材积累(准备5-10个能够“以小见大”的通用素材),浏览考场佳作,多对全命题、半命题作文进行审题、选材和立意训练。
●名师教路
训练自己的应试节奏
大致说来,从现在到6月15日中考还要进行两轮复习:6月5日前,进行各种模拟题的综合训练。语文成绩较好的考生要做好查漏补缺与归类比较复习;成绩中等的考生要注意总结方法、反思答题思路;成绩不理想的考生要通过多做中考试题和自我订正来提高能力。6月5日-14日,要全面回顾书本知识,重点温习记忆内容,翻阅错题集、试卷集、作文本、素材积累本等等。具体策略:
1.回归课本,强化默写:把初中各册书细心地看一遍,牢记课后生字词、课下注解、重要作家作品的文学常识、文言文词句翻译,还有教材中的知识短文与课后的附录(包括名著导读)等等;利用记忆力最好的清晨、临睡前和边角余料时间把需要背诵的古诗文多背诵几遍,并默写出容易写错的词句。
2.演练真题,掌握节奏:找几套各省市去年的中考试题来进行演练,尽量按中考的要求来完成,培养考场感觉,特别要“吃透”近五年来广州市中考语文试题的考点和题型;另外,不妨有意识地训练自己的应试节奏,即:基础知识(含古诗文阅读)用25分钟,三篇现代文阅读约用45分钟,作文约安排50分钟。
3.归纳错题,重视运用:用心做好错题集,并经常翻看,以了解自己常犯的错误,避免在考场上重蹈覆辙;同时还应注重知识的运用,例如将词语放到具体语境中来记忆,把病句放到预设语段中来理解,根据课内某篇文章联想到主题内容或写作手法相似的课内外其它文章等等。
4.紧跟老师,鼓励自己:紧跟老师的安排能让复习变得更加有序,利用点滴的收获来对自己进行鼓励则能让复习变得更加富有成就感。
●考场突围
对于基础知识的选择题争取一次通过,不要养成回头改答案的习惯。
1.先看作文,接着默写。拿到试卷后先看作文题,作文立意能有较长的思考时间;而选择头脑最清醒的时候完成默写,也可减少错别字的出现。
2.研读题目,划出题干。这能最大限度避免因审题失误造成的幼稚丢分。
3.细心选择,毫不拖沓。对于基础知识的选择题争取一次通过,不要养成回头改答案的习惯。
4.端正态度,潜心阅读。现代文阅读首先考查的是阅读态度,换言之,认真读懂文章,从原文中筛选出信息是准确作答的前提。特别要提醒的是,对文章的理解首先应该忠实于原文、忠实于作者的主张,所以一定要在答题前弄清楚文章的中心与脉络。
5.工整书写,杜绝潦草。
数学
抓好专题训练和查漏补缺
●广州市第七中学数学科副科长 尹双玲
中考前一模主要暴露的问题有:1.“双基”不扎实,如演算类的试题不能计算完整或计算结果出错;2.因粗心没有审清题意,答非所问;3.用惯性思维去解题,导致解题出现偏差;4.语言表达不完整和不清晰,答题不规范;5.答题时间分配不合理,缺乏答题技巧。
针对这些问题,在仅有20天左右的时间里要制订周密的计划。在立足“双基”强调“能力”的同时,要注意查漏补缺,复习的要求是:“回顾、模拟、强化、调节”,通过回顾教材,模拟训练,从而温故知新进一步提高应试能力。
最后阶段的冲刺复习主要集中在热点、难点、重点知识内容上,并要注意数学思想的形成和数学方法的掌握。其主要目标是:完成各部分知识的梳理、归纳、糅合,使各部分知识成为一个有机整体。
1.成绩中下的学生,重在夯实基础,切忌走马观花,好高骛远。中考试题中 “双基”类型题占很大比例,要在这部分试题上保证得分,建议老师要策略性地鼓励这类学生,习题的难度要加以控制,以中、低档为主。主要目标是“增分”。
2.成绩中等的学生,要有选择地做模拟卷,主攻中档题,突破综合题,同时控制解题时间,确保“既好又快”。在解综合题时可以先跟着老师走,弄清解题基本策略。至少要做出综合题的第一第二小题。主要目标是“增速”。
3.成绩较好的学生,做题要立足一个“透”字。可通过做题巩固知识,每一题不要蜻蜓点水过一下,要会举一反三。考生要发挥主观能动性,预留充分时间思考综合题。主要目标是“增法”。
●名师教路
注意新题型 把握好考点
首先,复习要紧扣教材突出重点。中考以考查“双基”为主,有很大比例是基础知识,即使是一些难度较大的“压轴题”,也是采取“入口宽”、“步步高”的命题原则,中考命题有些是教材中题目的引申、变形或组合,所以必须深钻教材,绝不能脱离课本。中考进入了倒计时,在这种有限的时间里,仍然要以教材为基础,注意新教材中出现的新题型,把握好考点。
其次,模拟训练要强化适应及时反馈。1.审题要细,读题要有耐心。2.重视基础题。考高分的同学往往都是填空、选择题无误,所以基本类型题要做到准确无差错,这比做多少难题都有用。3.重反思,抓粗心。粗心的背后是有原因的———知识的负迁移、知识点不熟练、平时解题不规范等。4.重典型题、记录错题,避免再犯。
第三,安排好复习时间。考前第三周:在老师引导下的专题复习中重视数学思想方法的复习和领悟,对常用于数学解题的通法要熟练;考前第二周:按中考的时间来做中考模拟题,不要看答案,限时完成,做完找出不足之处,错误的记录在错题集上;考前一周:把课本从头到尾认真地看一遍,要做一些相应的习题来帮助理解和记忆,复习整理错题集,成绩好的考生要复习压轴题。考生要学会向审题多要1分,向规范多要1分,向仔细多要1分,向心态多要1分。
考生要有充分的心理准备迎考,考场上要沉着冷静,仔细读题,保证会做的题都做对。从以往的考试结果看,因审题不细、答题不规范所导致丢分的分值通常5~8分,这些分数如果自己注意,完全可以争取过来。考生要学会向审题多要1分,向规范多要1分,向仔细多要1分,向心态多要1分。此外,还要注意处理好速度与正确率的关系。
英语
听力阅读写作都有技巧可循
●广州市天河中学初三英语科备课组长 王瑾
天河区调研室英语中心组成员 陈晓春
这次模考暴露出来的普遍问题包括,知识点掌握不够系统,部分内容混淆,造成解题时判断失误。近年来,中考英语加强了对英语知识点及阅读能力的综合考查。除单项选择外,语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解都是以短文的形式出现,这说明,试题不仅要求考生掌握词汇和语法知识,还要求能够对其进行综合运用能力。
最后阶段,考生主要进行模拟练习以及试卷分析,并做好应试准备。
在客观题方面,继续将复习指导书中的语法练习点融入平时的作业中,同时针对历年中考题型强化训练,使考生做到灵活运用,触类旁通。从近年的中考题来看,对听力能力的考查分量逐渐加强,因此在复习中,有必要对听力进行适量的强化练习,特别是对“独白”这种比较长的非对话形式作分解,指导考生快速提高听力。
在主观题方面,考生要注意提示句或词的意思,以确保首字母的填写正确。还要关注常练句型及其意思相同表达不同的句子差异,同时记忆常用词组,提高写作能力。
●名师教路
最后阶段,听课尤为重要
1.最后阶段,听课尤为重要。老师往往在模拟考后会针对学生存在的问题做针对性的训练。考生应把这段时间的错题整理到错题集里,有空就看看,避免再犯类似错误。
2.坚持进行听力训练。听力部分是35分,在最后这段时间,可遵循先快速浏览试题及选项,再边听边做笔记的方法进行练习。
3.阅读理解进行限时训练。阅读理解比重较大,对于拿高分尤为关键。阅读理解题可以分为六大类:A。事实询问题;B。推理判断题;C。数据推算题;D。识图解意题;E。主旨大意题;F。常识题。考生可以有针对性地选择一些自己薄弱的内容去训练。最好进行限时训练,每隔一天训练一次,每次半个小时看4-5篇文章。
4.背诵范文提高作文水平。作文训练中,考生要认真审题,抓住要点,掌握主旨,将材料里的相关内容描述出来。首先要确定文章内容和中心思想,其次要确定文章的时态、人称和事件发生的时间、地点。
●考场突围
做听力题要当机立断,不要犹豫,要相信第一感觉。
1.听力部分。首先心态要沉着,通常放音前,考生会心跳加速,略感紧张,这是正常的,但必须尽快平静下来,集中注意力;其次,要像平时训练的一样,拿到试卷后,快速浏览和推测,放音的时候,再把听到的信息与推测进行对比,快速确定答案;再次,边听边做笔记,将时间、年龄、价格等数字和关键词记下。注意,做听力题要当机立断,不要犹豫,要相信第一感觉。
2.作文部分。要遵循内容全面、一句一意、避生就熟这三个原则,成文后从人称的搭配、动词的时态、名词的单复数形式、语句是否通顺等等做检查,要特别注意书写工整。
政治
关注时事热点话题
●广州市第47中学初三政治备课组长 谢志伟
这次一模反映出三大问题:1.在复习中,有部分同学的基础知识仍然不够扎实,某些基本概念、观点掌握不熟,理解不到位,直接影响了第一卷选择题的得分率;2.审题不够细心,对所给材料属于社会生活的哪一个领域,有些学生还把握不准,导致知识点运用不当;3.答题规范性较差,不用政治术语做答,文字的组织概括能力还显不足,条理性较差,不懂得分点分段、写序号。
距离中考还有近一个月的复习时间,考生应注意把握政治学科的复习方向,提高复习效率。
第一,重视基础知识的回顾与复习。掌握基础知识是解答题目的基础,没有对基础知识的熟练掌握,解题方法和技巧就如同“空中楼阁”,缺少根基。
第二,关注时事政治热点。时政热点是历年中考政治的重头戏,包括选择题和部分问答题都会以时政热点作为情境资料,要求考生联系课本有关知识回答相关问题。要关注长效热点,如民族政策,可持续发展是每年中考的热点话题,今年时政热点较多,如:广州实施垃圾分类、幸福广东、中国特色社会主义法律体系形成等。
第三,熟悉《考试指导书》中列出的中考问答题基本题型的答题方法和解题技巧。
第四,了解自己在本学科考试中失分的原因,俗话说“知彼知己,百战不殆”。
●名师教路
重视《考试指导书》
1.结合《考试指导书》对基础知识加强复习。每天应抽出一定时间认真阅读、理解和熟记《考试指导书》有关重点概念和观点,并通过相关选择题训练加以巩固,了解这些基础知识可能以怎样的形式出题。
2.选择典型题例(问答题)进行有效训练,并做好练后小结。“一模”考试后,任课老师都会将各区模拟考试卷印发给学生进行训练,这些试题具有一定的代表性和典型性。在完成习题后,考生应认真听好老师对练习的讲评,积累解题经验,学会举一反三。
3.时间安排要得当。在复习时间安排上,可参照以下建议:5月中至5月底,进行适量的习题训练,培养答题的“感觉”,同时,进行基础知识的回顾与梳理;5月底到6月中旬,重点回归课本,复习好基础知识,加强对课本及《考试指导书》的熟悉,形成较为清晰的知识体系。
●考场突围
对考试中可能会出现的各种情况进行充分估计,并且要自己设想解决问题的方法。
首先,要注意劳逸结合。复习阶段要规律作息,保持充沛的精力和清醒的头脑。
其次,考前对考试过程中可能会出现的各种情况进行充分估计(如遇到难题不会做,该怎么办?),并且要自己设想解决问题的方法。
再次,考试时,拿到题目不要急于答题。一定要看清题意要求和材料,再开始组织答案,特别是曾经见过的材料,更要看清设问要求,不要主观臆断随意套用曾经做过的答案。
化学
●广州市六中珠江中学化学科科长 孙小莲
考生应该好好利用这次一模卷,对自己的整体复习情况把把脉。认真分析错题和没把握的题,找出错的原因和与满分的距离,针对问题将知识与能力的缺漏补上,做到举一反三,不犯类似错误。
中考化学试题着重考查初三学生应知应会的基础知识和基本技能,来源于课本内容改编的题约为35分左右。客观题以容易题为主,突出对学科基础知识和基本观念如分类观、元素观、微粒观、守恒观、过程观以及绿色化学观念的考查。主观题贴合生活实际,从物质的性质与用途的关系、化学反应与能量的关系、化学反应的条件控制等角度设计试题,突出对学生科学素养方面的考查,基于条件控制的实验探究题是近几年的中考热点题型,实验方案设计题仍然是保留题型。
基础较薄弱的学生,应将复习的重点放在基础知识和基本技能上,先将课本的内容扎扎实实地阅读一遍,将课后作业重做一次。在题型方面抓好选择题、填空题、计算题的解题能力训练。
基础较好的学生,也要将课本通读一遍,然后将复习的重点放在图表数据分析、流程图、综合实验、实验探究和实验方案设计题等拉开分距的题型训练上。多做各区的模拟题,找准自己与满分的差距,争取中考拿高分。
在时间安排上,5月下旬,考生可主要做查漏补缺和小专题突破练习;6月1日-8日,做一些各区模拟考试题的整合练习;9日-11日,回归课本,回归错题;12日-14日,完成一至两份模拟题,把握做题节奏。
●名师教路
把握中考热点问题
1.重视基础知识和基本技能的复习。要重视课本的阅读,阅读有关概念和实验原理,加深理解,弄清本质。
2.重视实验与科学探究的复习。在掌握基础知识的基础上,利用近几年中考题中的实验探究题做题组练习,归纳方法,寻找解题规律,启迪思维。
3.把握中考热点问题。要多注意:与环境保护相关的问题(核辐射、水污染等),能源危机与开发新能源问题,防火、防爆、防毒等安全知识,食品安全问题。
4.整理做过的试卷。对曾经做错的题,找出错误的根源,理清解题思路,尽量不犯重复的错误。
拿到试卷后,先花5分钟左右通读整份试题,再开始答题。
●考场突围
1.把握好做卷的节奏。拿到试卷后,先花5分钟左右通读整份试题,再开始答题。Ⅰ卷部分的20道选择题,用时控制在15分钟左右最好。Ⅱ卷非选择题部分控制时间在50分钟左右,保证将题目读懂之后才下笔在问卷上作答,检查后再填到答卷上。
2.注意按题目要求作答,规范使用化学用语。
3.不要凭印象做题。考生已经做过无数道题,中考肯定会碰到似曾相识的题目,这时要认真审题。
4.遇到比较复杂的题目,考生要仔细读几遍题目要求,找出已知条件以及问题要求。审题时,仔细分析题目中一些关键性的字、词、句,多角度推敲,看是否有隐含条件。
物理
●广州市铁一中学物理科副科组长 李雪
这次模考,物理科暴露的主要问题有两个:粗心和计算能力薄弱。因粗心丢分主要体现在成绩较好的考生身上,包括不能规范答题、不重视解题过程和审题不仔细。考生在平时的练习中,不注意细节,比如学科语言、实验步骤的规定顺序、潦草书写、作图时虚线实线不分、不看清题目等等,在考试中就会有所体现,以致失分。很多考生平时用惯了计算器,但中考规定不得携带计算器,因此考场上连最基本的计算错误都出现了。
现在距离中考只有不到一个月的时间,建议学生在物理备考上,做好三方面的工作:
第一,回归课本,建立知识框架。基础知识和基本能力是物理学科中考的重要内容,所以课本是复习依据,考生在复习课本时,有一个先读薄又读厚的过程。
第二,重视模拟演练,提高中考应试能力。考生在复习过程中要处理好“三个关系”。一是质与量的关系,改变重量轻质的题海训练,突出题目的典型性、代表性;二是处理好速度与正确率的关系,综合训练试卷要在课堂上定时完成,以在规定的时间内做对为原则。三是处理好整体复习与个性复习的关系。物理中考内容侧重基础,考生自己另搞一套,特别是部分优等生,容易偏向难题怪题,把握不好中考动向,是非常不可取的。复习应以老师安排为主,可根据自己的情况有所侧重和调整。
第三,真正落实查漏补缺。
●名师教路
课本,先“读薄”再“读厚”
1.回归课本时,应先通读课本,接着对着目录,一边回忆,一边把重要的物理概念、规律和公式列出来,做个总结,梳理自己都学到了哪些物理知识(“读薄”)。然后,回头再看课本,注重物理概念、规律形成的过程以及伴随的科学方法,教材中的实例分析(包括各类插图、相关的生活和科技方面的实例),各种实验的原理、研究方法、过程,课后习题,相关的物理学史。特别是一些重要结论,要逐字逐句地推敲,深刻领会它的含义及其成立的条件和适用范围(“读厚”)。
2.课堂上要做好定时训练,做到“四认真”:认真对待考前的每一次训练;认真书写每一个字,每一个字母符号等;认真锤炼每一句话;认真分析每次考试的得与失,包括课堂小测试。课后要做好自查消化,落实好训练的每一套题。
3.如何查缺漏?整理每一份模拟试卷,进行综合分析。把错题的类型按教材的章节写在错题前边。譬如:电阻、电功率、电的综合计算„„尽量分得细一些,不能笼统。再把失分的类型写在每张卷子上边。譬如:电阻2分,电功率3分,光1分„„再之后,逐题写上出错原因。譬如:不会、审题不细、马虎„„将几次模拟卷子放到一起,很快就能看出漏洞在哪里。
4.缺漏如何补?首先要自己补。找出一个大本子,认真地记录每章节或每个知识点漏洞,然后找专项练习做(很多练习册的专项练习都分得非常细致)。有的缺漏是知识点理解不透彻,仅靠做题不能解决,这时就要找老师讲解。老师往往能发现你的问题,教给你解决的方法。
答题时切忌不分段,不分点,答案眉目不清,难以取得高分。
●考场突围
1.仔细审题,不能想当然,特别是那些似曾相识的题目,更要留心。
2.答题要完整准确,条理清楚,要点突出,书写规范。该说的话要说够,不能丢三落四;切忌不分段,不分点,答案眉目不清,难以取得高分。但也不要啰嗦,有关无关的话扯一大通,让评卷老师找要点。对于计算题,要把计算过程一步一步地、清楚地反映在答题过程中,有利于成绩的评定。
3.答完试题后,要认真检查,逐一复核,检查时最好重新审题,防止误答和漏答。
第五篇:英语写作辅导
英语写作辅导
英语短文的结构及段落的组织
一、短文的结构
文章、段落、句子、词组、单词
从文到段,从段到句,是篇章结构的主要内容。
了解篇章结构,是进行写作的必备常识。
一篇文章通常可分为以下三种段落:
(一)引言段(Introductory Paragraph):向读者介绍此片文章的主题及背景材料。在文中起到开宗明义,即“启”的作用,是全文的主题所在。
(二)主题段(Body Paragraph(s)):也叫正文,是文章的主体部分,也是情节发展、事实说明或者层层递进的部分,把要论述的,具体而明晰。文章内容要具有 一致性、连贯性,在文章中起到“承”和“转”的作用。
(三)结尾段(Conclusion Paragraph):也叫结束语,是由通篇文章所得出的简短结论,或者事情发展到了最后一个情节,即故事的结束、结局、其作用是概括全文内容,进一步强调或者肯定文章的中心思想,用以加深印象,在文章中起到“合”的作用。
二、文章的段落
段落是英语作文的基本结构单位,是文章中相对独立的一个部分。
段落与文章的三个组成部分相对应,通常由三个部分组成:主题句、发展句和结尾句。短文写作的技巧与套路
一、写作步骤
1.多读多练 充分准备 2.细读指令 认真审题 3.理清思路 构思布局 4.精选素材 列出提纲 5.动笔写作 组织成文 6.用词简洁 篇幅适中 7.认真检查 仔细修改
二、写作套路 1.写作类型 1)现象阐释型
通常要求考生对某一现象进行解释说明,分析其原因并加以评论。其基本结构是:首先描述现象并说明其现状;然后分析这种现象的原因或相关因素;最后提出建议或总结观点。典型题目如:
Why College Students Have Difficulty Finding Jobs?
Why College Students Take a Part-time Job?
Chatting on Line
2)问题解决型
通常要求考生从试题的提示行文字入手,描述其反映出的问题,提出解决方案或应对措施。其基本结构是:首先引出要解决的问题及其严重性或必要性,并简要分析其产生的原因或带来的危害和影响;然后提出解决问题的办法或措施;最后表明自己的态度,提出建议并展望前景。典型题目如下: How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic How to Succeed in a Job Interview How I Finance My College Life Staying Healthy hatting on Line 3)对比选择型
这类作文的标志十分明显,其要求比较明确,即直接要求考生比较两种观点或两种做法,进而表明自己对问题或事物的态度或观点,也就是做出选择。其基本结构:首先对要评论的事物或现象进行整体介绍;然后陈述两种不同的观点或做法及其理由;之后表明自己的观点或态度。典型题目如: It Pays to Be Honest Should Education Be Commercialized? Choose a Famous University or a Favorite Major? Reading Selective or Extensively? 4)利弊评述型
此类作文要求考生客观地分析和评论某一事物的正反两方面,或在某一问题上反映出的两种不同看法,并不需要明确表明态度,说明事物的对与错,尤其是会有较大争议的问题,可采用平衡利弊的态度,提出某种希望和设想。典型题目如: The Positive and Negative Aspects of Skyscrapers The Development of a Private Car Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good LUCK? College Life in Internet Era My View on Examination 5)观点论证型
此类作文一般要求考生根据题目所给的论点,按照题目要求通过摆事实、讲道理的方式对该论点进行论证或反驳。其基本结构是:首先提出要论证或反驳的论点;然后提出论据对其进行论证或反驳;最后表明自己的立场和看法。典型题目如:
Harmful of Fake Commodities Why I Attended College The Job I Like Best The Benefits of Making Friends of Different Kinds 2.段落类型
(1)描述段:一般首先对命题中提供的信息(如某现象、问题、背景或事件)进行提炼和概括,然后进行扩展描述。
(2)说明段:主要对原因、危害、影响、作用、方法、过程等进行分析说明,段落的组织必须要注意以下两点:一是要条理清楚,尽量使用一些比较清晰的表达方式。如说明原因时,可以使用the main reason, what is more, as a result等短语,以突出文章的条理性;二是要根据标题和提纲内容确定合适的说明角度和说明方法,如说明原因或举例说明等。(3)议论段:通常是考生根据文章的主题提出、论证或总结某项观点。写议论段时应做到观点明确、论证充分,并有令人信服的数据和例子来支持论点,使文章具有说服力。议论段主要有四种:提出观点段(有时是提出一种观点,有时是提出两种对立观点)、论证观点段、对比论证段(对两种观点进行对比论证,有时可分成两段来分述两种观点)和总结观点段。3.写作模板 1)现象阐释型
①Nowadays, there exists a social/economic/environmental phenomenon, which has aroused great concern among people around us./ 总体现象has increasingly become a common concern of the public./ 总体现象is commonly accepted by the people from all walks of life.②According to a survey, …。
③There are a couple of reasons booming this phenomenon./This problem/phenomenon has a great effect on … ④Firstly,/above all/First of all/原因一/影响一⑤Secondly/what’s more/ furthermore(原因二/影响二)⑥Besides/Finally(原因三/影响三)
⑦As a result/ Therefore/ consequently,(结果)⑧As far as I am concerned/ As to me /In my opinion, “我”的观点/态度/做法⑨furthermore,进一步说明 ⑩Therefore/ based on the above discussions, I can conclude/ it can be concluded that…(总结全文)(1)描述段:描述现象 ①开门见山,总述现象
②阐释现象的具体表现或变化(2)说明段:阐述原因
③承上启下,引出原因/因素/影响 ④具体阐述原因一/因素一/影响一
⑤列举原因二/因素二/影响二(可以用例证支持)⑥列举原因三/因素三/影响三(可以用例证支持)⑦总结以上原因或因素导致的结果/该现象的最终影响(3)议论段:表明观点
⑧我对此现象的思考或看法(可能是个人选择或者是对现象、趋势或影响的评述)⑨进一步说明自己的看法或陈述理由 ⑩总结全文
例:
Cards 1.现代城市中持卡的人越来越多; 2.原因在于。。; 3.“我”的看法。
①Nowadays, holding cards has become a common phenomenon.②According to a survey, over 80%of people in big cities hold various kinds of cards issued by banks, restaurants, supermarkets ,etc.(描述段)③There are a number of reasons for it.④ First of all, it is convenient to consume by cards.⑤What’s more, it is safer to carry cards than cash.For example, if one’s cards are lost, the owner needn’t worry too much because no one else can get the money out without the password.⑥In addition, cards can give card holders certain privilege or discount in service.⑦Therefore, holding cards, especially among the youth, becomes fashionable recently.(说明段)⑧ As for me, cards have a bright future.⑨With the development of science and technology, cards will become much safer and easier to use.⑩Therefore, it can be concluded that more people will use cards.(议论段,表明观点)
模仿练习1 • Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags outline:
1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用 2.造成的问题
3.限制使用的意义 模仿练习2 • On Power Failure •
1.很多城市缺电现象严重 •
2.分析原因 •
3.提出建议 模仿练习3 • Online Education • Outline:
1.目前网络教育形成热潮
2.我认为这股热潮的的原因是……
3.我对网络教育的评价 模仿练习4 Skipping Classes on College Campus Outline:
1.大学里逃课现象时有发生; 2.分析学生逃课的原因; 3.如何减少逃课现象 2)问题解决型
①In recent years, increasing numbers of people关注/牵涉/参与不良现象或某一问题 ②It is obvious that 危害一/作用一 ③Additionally, 危害二/作用二④therefore, special/considerable attention should be paid to 该问题
⑤on the one hand/ firstly, 方法一 ⑥On the other hand/ secondly, 方法二⑦ In addition/ thirdly, 方法三
⑧Of course, following these suggestions/methods may not surely solve the problem, but it is worth of trying ⑨As for me/ in my opinion, “我”的思考或看法 ⑩Only in this way… 倒装句总结全文/undoubtedly, it is necessary/ essential… 根本途径(1)描述段:描述问题
①开门见山,综述不良现象或某一问题 ②问题的危害一/解决问题的作用一 ③问题的危害二/解决问题的作用二
④承上启下,表达解决问题的必要性和紧迫性,引出解决问题的方法或相关因素(2)说明段:说明方法因素 ⑤解决方法一/决定因素一 ⑥解决方法二/决定因素二 ⑦解决方法三/决定因素三(3)议论段:
⑧指出这些方法不一定能成功解决问题,但付出总是值得的 ⑨“我”倾向的方法和途径
⑩提出根本途径或建议,应该采取的态度,总结全文 例: How to Treat the Parent-Child Relationship 1.父母与孩子之间的代沟越来越大; 2.代沟带来那些影响;
3.如何消除代沟,并改善父母与孩子之间的关系。
①More and more people are paying attention to the generation gap between parents and their children.②Obviously, the generation gap is a source of family disharmony.③Additionally, it may lead to a number of social problem.④Therefore, measures should be taken to deal with the issue.⑤On the one hand, parents should be more tolerant to their children , remembering that a child is a child and there is always such a stage in one’s growth.⑥On the other hand, children should also understand that without parents’ guidance, they won’t be able to grow up healthily.⑦ Finally, parents should spent more time with their children.⑧Of course , following these suggestions may not surely solve the problem, but it is worth the effort.⑨As for me, mutual understanding is the key solution.⑩Undoubtedly, it is essential for both parents and children to understand each other for a good parent—child relationship.模仿练习1 • How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic
• 1.Importance of solving the problem of
heavy traffic • 2.Ways to solve the problem of heavy traffic • 3.My suggestion 模仿练习2 • How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities.• 1.解决住房问题的重要性
• 2.三种可能解决住房问题的方案:
1)多造高层建筑;
2)向地下发展;
3)疏散城市人口。• 3)对比选择型 • 3.我的建议
①When asked about/ when it comes to事物/问题 , different people will offer different opinions.②Some people take it for granted that观点一③ in their opinion, 选择观点一的理由一④Besides,选择观点一的理由二
⑤ however, others hold that观点二⑥ They maintain that观点二/选择观点二的理由一⑦And观点二/选择观点二的理由二
⑧Weighing up these two arguments, I am for the former/ later viewpoint/ choice.⑨”我”的理由⑩Therefore , as stated above, 重申观点/选择(1)议论段:提出观点
①开门见山,指出人们对某事物/问题存在不同的观点/选择 ②提出观点一/选择一
③提出观点一/选择一的理由一 ④提出观点一/选择一的理由二(2)议论段:对比论证 ⑤提出观点二/选择二 ⑥提出观点二/选择二的理由一 ⑦提出观点二/选择二的理由二(3)议论段:总结观点 ⑧标明“我”的倾向 ⑨阐述“我”的理由
⑩总结全文,重申“我”的观点/选择
例:To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond 1.在大企业工作的特点; 2.在小企业工作的特点; 3.我的选择。
①To the question whether to work in a large enterprise or in a small firm, different people may have different answers.②Some may choose to be a small fish in a big pond.③They hold that they can derive a sense of pride from being a member of a famous organization such as General Motors.④Besides, they can work with people from different parts of the world.⑤Still others may prefer to be a big fish in a small pond.⑥According to them, in a small company, they may be given greater responsibilities without much restriction.⑦Consequently, they can show their talents fully and freely.⑧Weighing up these two choices, I am for the latter.⑨I prefer to work in a small enterprise, where I can get more chances of promotion.⑩I’d rather become an important figure within my own small pond.练习1 Money Outline: 1.有人认为金钱是万能的。
2.有人说金钱是万恶之源(the source of all crimes)3.我对金钱的看法。模仿练习2 Choose a Famous University or a Favorite Major Outline: 1.有人认为应该选择重点大学; 2.有人认为应该选择重点专业; 3.我的观点。模仿练习3 Reading Selectively or Extensively? 针对阅读,人们有不同的看法: 1.有人认为应该精读; 2.有人认为应该泛读; 3.“我”的看法 模仿练习4 The Best Means of Transportation Outline:
1.私家车越来越多,污染问题、交通问题随之产生; 2.人们出行时其实有多中交通方式可以选择; 3.从健康和环保节能出发,我认为最好的交通方式是 4)模板一(驳论)
①Up to now, many people hold it true that某观点 ②They believe进一步说明此观点③However, recent survey/ research shows that 与上述观点相反的论点 ④The arguments for this point of view can be listed as follows.⑤Above all, 论据一⑥For example,(支持论据一的事例)⑦Furthermore,论据二及支持论据二的事例 ⑧Most importantly, 论据三
⑨All that has been discussed above points to the fact that重申本文论点 ⑩Therefore,与该观点相符合的做法和态度
(1)议论段:提出观点
①指出普遍存在的某种观点活态度或做法 ②进一步说明此观点
③转折提出与之相反的本论文观点 ④承上启下,引出对观点的论证(2)议论段:论证观点 ⑤列举论据一
⑥举例说明论据一
⑦列举论据二并加以说明 ⑧列举论据三
(3)总结段:总结观点 ⑨承接上文,重申观点
⑩总结全文,可表达我们应该坚持该观点或采取该观点相符合的做法 模板二(立论)
①People are familiar with/it is widely accepted that某观点②As we know,观点正确性的表现③Therefore,小结观点④There are numerous examples supporting this argument.⑤ A case in point is 例一 ⑥For another example, 引出说明例二⑦Moreover, 阐述第三个例子
⑧From what has been discussed above, we should understand that重申观点 ⑨But(one thing we have to notice is that)提出个人建议 ⑩Therefore,总结全文(1)议论段:提出观点
①开门见山,直接提出观点 ②阐述观点正确性的表现 ③小结观点
④承上启下,引出对观点的论证(2)议论段:论证观点
⑤列举支持论点的具体事例一 ⑥列举支持论点的具体事例二 ⑦列举支持论点的具体事例三(3)总结段:总结观点
⑧承接上文,重申观点 ⑨指出坚持该论点应该注意什么 ⑩总结全文,指出正确的态度或做法 例1
Wealth and Happiness 1.每个人都想获得财富,财富似乎就是幸福,其实不然; 2.世界上有许多东西是财富换不来的。
①Up to now, many people still hold that wealth can bring happiness.②They believe that with a great amount of money, they must live a happier life.③However, recent survey shows that wealth is not necessarily associated with happiness.④The arguments for this point of view can be listed as follows.⑤Above all ,good health plays an important role above wealth in a happy life.⑥For example, people can buy medicine with money, but cannot buy health.⑦Furthermore, wealth may encourage those harmful habits which may ruin the wealth owner, such as addition to drugs and gambling.⑧Most importantly, there is one thing essential to happiness which cannot be bought with wealth---love.⑨All that has been discussed above shows that wealth is not equal to happiness.⑩Therefore, we should not be crazy about money and earn it with honest work.例2
Blood Donation ①In modern society, it is widely accepted that blood donation is good for health.②As we know, donating blood benefit both society and people.③Therefore, people should be encouraged to donate blood regularly.④Many remarkable facts can support this argument.⑤First of all, according to medical research findings, donating blood can effectively reduce the happening of certain disease.⑥What’s more, donating blood regularly could reduce the pace of aging.⑦Besides, donating blood regularly could help people keep good mood.⑧All mentioned above tell us that blood donation does more than harm to health.⑨We should hold a positive attitude towards it.⑩Therefore, it can be concluded that bllod donation should be encouraged under the scientific instruction.5)利①For the past years,某事物has been widely accepted by people/has come into people’s daily life.②No one can deny that 某事物的好处.③For one thing, 好处一④For another, 好处二
⑤However, just as all coins have two sides, there are also disadvantages about某事物的弊端.⑥For example 弊端一⑦Moreover, 弊端二.⑧Finally,弊端三
⑨In my opinion, “我”的建议⑩only in this way, can we 总结全文.弊评述型(1)议论段:
①开门见山,总述现象 ②分析某事物的有利面 ③举例说明好处一 ④举例说明好处二 ⑤举例说明好处三
(2)说明段:
⑥承上启下,引出对弊端的讨论 ⑦举例说明弊端一 ⑧举例说明弊端二
(3)总结段:
⑨“我”的建议(如何趋利避害)⑩总结全文 例
The Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Computers 1.家用电脑的普及; 2.家用电脑的好处;
3.家用电脑带来的问题。
①Nowadays, computers have come into people’s home as one of common household appliances.②There is no doubt that like TV, home computers benefit people greatly.③With the computer, the home becomes a library, a school, an office and an entertainment center.④All kinds of information can be close at one’s finger tips.⑤In addition, home computers bring people far away closer to us.⑥Despite the convenience that home computers bring about, they have disadvantages.⑦For example, people, especially the youth, may easily get addicted to computer games.⑧Besides, since nearly everything can be done in front of the computer, we may become more isolated from people around us.⑨In my opinion, we all should consider how to control home computers, so that they won’t control us.⑩Only in this way, can we make full use of them, while avoiding of the side effects.模仿练习1 The Development of Private Cars Outline:
1.私家车普及的好处; 2.私家车带来的问题; 3.“我”的看法 模仿练习3 Reading Selectively or Extensively? 针对阅读,人们有不同的看法: 1.有人认为应该精读; 2.有人认为应该泛读; 3.“我”的看法