第一篇：第7部分： 短文写作
第七部分：短文写作（第51题，30分）
一、基本写作步骤 1．审题
所谓审题，就是审清作文的要求和所给的材料，如图表说明、关键词、段首句、提纲等等。审题是写作的第一步，也是文章成功的关键所在之一。在考试之中，由于时间仓促，心情紧张，匆忙审题，造成离题万里的现象屡见不鲜。因此可以说能否审清题意是作文、乃至考试成败的关键。在平时进行写作练习的时候，就要有意识地养成认真审题，仔细研究的良好习惯。
弄清作文要求之后，就要确定文章的主题思想。主题思想明确、深刻，才能确保文章言之有物，顺理成章。围绕主题去构思、写作文章，才能思路清晰，不致节外生枝离题万里。2．提纲
提纲有利于作者理清思路。尤其在考场上，根据提纲写作，能写出层次分明，逻辑性强，表意清晰的好文章，可避免考试时由于情绪紧张而造成的不应有的失误。
提纲有多种类型，可详可略，写作时也可根据自己的经验和特点编写适合于自己的提纲。常见的提纲种类有罗列式提纲、主题式提纲、句子式提纲。所谓罗列式提纲，就是根据题目和所给材料，围绕中心思想，罗列一系列相关的词、短语或句子。主题式提纲比较简略，只写出文章的主题思想即可，写作时依据主题思想，围绕重点，进行扩充和展开。句子式提纲比较详细，顾名思义，就是用句子把文章的主要观点写出来。3．成文
文章的组织结构：一定要按所列提纲写。一般分为开头、正文、结尾3部分
（1）开头；如引语法、主题句法、提问法、事例法、描述法等。常用句式：
① There is an old /popular saying /proverb which says /goes…..② Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the importance/ seriousness of …
③There are different opinions among people as to …Some believe … Others，however, disagree with it.They think…
④….has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.It
has brought us a of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.⑤ One of our ancient philosophers said, …..Chinese people have always been
holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality.(2)主体： 要注意启承转合，常用句型：
① On the contrary, there are some people in favor of …….They believe
…..Moreover, they think…..② There are many ways to …..First, _____.Second _____.Finally, ______.③ Confronted with______, we should take a series of effective measures to _____.For one thing, ____.For another, ______.Finally, _______.(也可用于结尾)④ Although the popular belief is a fact, a current study(survey/investigation)indicates that...(3)结尾
总结文章的主要内容，或者提出希望或展望未来，或者对文章提出的观点进行反问，启发读者思考。如：An open China has realized the
importance of business.Why should we give up this opportunity and rely on agriculture? 常用句型：
① From what has been discussed /mentioned above, we may conclude that…
② Therefore, it is not difficult to draw /come to the conclusion that….③ Only in this way/ in doing so, can sth.be really ….④ Given the reasons /consideration I have just outlined/ discussed/ presented, I strongly recommend that …..无论是何种类型，英语
（二）作文基本上是三段式作文，根据不同的类型，三段的写法不同。所用的模式也不同。
二、各类型作文的写法和常用句型
（一）图表 / 看图作文
1.写作模式：描述图表/图画-分析图表/图画-总结全文（也可以展望未来或发出倡议或表明自己的态度）2.常用句型：
（1）表示说明的开篇句式：
As we can see from the chart / graph / table/ picture…
The chart/graph/ table displays/ illustrates/ describes/ indicates/ points out that … It is clear/ apparent from the chart/ table/ graph that… The figures/ statistics in the chart reflect/ show/ reveal that … The table/chart /graph shows(that)… According to the table/chart /graph, … As is shown in the table/chart /graph, …
As can be seen from the table/chart/ graph/picture, … It can be seen from the figures/statistics that … We can see from the figures/statistics that … As we can see in this picture, … This picture shows that …（2）描述图表的句式：
A takes up/ occupies/ accounts for 20% of the total population/ output/ income/ expenditure/ consumption.On the top of the list is…, which accounts for 60%.On the bottom is …, which takes up 20%.Compared with A, B has a higher percentage.A is second to B.（A仅次于B。）
There was a very slight/ small/ slow/gradual/ steady/ marked/ large/ sharp/
rapid/ sudden/ dramatic rise/ increase/ drop/ decrease/ decline/ fall/ reduction in 2008.The number of…declines/rises by …% from… to… The number of… remains steady/ stable/ the same… The price leveled off.（3）表明个人观点的句式
As has been shown above, we can safely say that … As far as I am concerned, … To the best of my knowledge, … As to me, ….In my view / opinion, …（4）表示总结概括的句式
In conclusion / In summary / In a word / In a nutshell / In brief, … 3.例文：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition
on the topic How Are Working People Doing Physical Exercises? You should write
words or so and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below.1.描述下列图表所表达的信息;2.谈谈你对此现象的看法.3．根据此现象提出建议
Sample writing: As we can see from the chart, on the top of the list is the number of working
people seldom doing physical exercises, which accounts for 60%.What follows are
working people doing exercises once a month at a percentage of 25%.On the
bottom is the number of people doing regular exercises, which takes up only 15%.Although more and more working people are realizing the importance of physical
exercises, they cannot spare their limited time to do some exercises because of
the heavy burden of supporting their families on their shoulders.Apart from
that, their daily lives at the office cannot provide them with the exercise
their body needs.Lack of physical exercises is one of the main contributing factors to poor health among the working people.In order to stay healthy and concentrate on their work more efficiently, all
people, especially working people should take some physical exercises.Society
should encourage people to take exercises regularly.The problem of insufficient
exercises among working people should be solved as soon as possible.(174 words)
（二）对立观点型作文
1.写作模式：引出话题-摆出两种观点-我的观点 2.常用句型：
（1）点明主题的常用句型
The issue of whether… or not has been widely argued/ debated about.…has become a hot topic among people When it comes to …, people will have a heated discussion.（2）具体介绍两种对立观点的常用句式
Some people suggest/ hold the opinion that… But / However/ Nevertheless/ other
people hold a different point of view.Some people are inclined to think that…On the contrary, there are many people
who won't agree, and they claim…（3）陈述自己观点的常用句式
In my eyes/ view/ As to me/ To the best of my knowledge/ As far as I am concerned…
I'm in favor of…/ I am on the side of/ My favor goes to the former/ latter
opinion to some extent.The main reason is that… Furthermore…
There is probably some truth in both arguments, but I prefer …to…
In my opinion, both sides are partly right.When we… we should take into
consideration all aspects of the problem and then make the right decision.Considering one after another, I stand on the side of the latter opinion.As to me, I prefer the former one.请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】Choose the most suitable topic sentence for the third
paragraph in the following passage.The following is a short essay entitled
Advertisements based on the following outline.You should choose the most
suitable topic sentence for the third paragraph.1.各种各样的广告随处可见2.人们对广告持不同的观点3.我认为……With the advent of material prosperity, advertisements have become more and
more important in our daily life.If you are observant enough, it's not
difficult for you to notice they appear everywhere.When you walk along the
streets, you can see large billboards with pretty girls smiling at you.You read
newspapers, and see half of the pages covered with ads.You turn on TV, and you
see commercial advertisements time and again.Whether you like it or not，advertisements fill your life.We have to admit that advertisements can play a
useful role in our life.For one thing, they give the latest information about
products.Were there no advertising, consumers could not know about goods sold
in various shops.People can find what they need in the shortest time at the
lowest price.For another, more people are attracted by the advertisements to do
more shopping, which will boom the economic development.However, there are also
some opinions against advertising.Some people think that advertisements do not
give much information but only try to persuade you to buy.They create a demand
for goods that are not really needed.Besides, advertising adds to the cost of
goods.You can see and hear advertisements almost everywhere, which does great harm to people's
health.________________________________________________________.We should see
the function of them, but we cannot overemphasize it.We can never put our
complete trust in what advertisements say.Before making a buying decision, we have to think carefully to make a wise choice.A． As far as I am concerned, I
prefer banning advertisements.B． Weighing the pros and cons of advertising, I
think being for it is better than being against it.C． To the best of my
knowledge, we should have a proper attitude to advertisements.D． Which of the
two above-mentioned opinions is more correct?【答案】C 【解析】本题考查对立观点型作文中引出个人观点的句子。A，B和C都可以作为引出个人观点的句式，但根据下文可以看出在本文中作者保持的是一种中立的态度，并没有明确赞成或反对广告，故A和B都不合适。所以答案为C。【知识点】对立观点型作文 3.例文：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition
on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? You should write 150
words or so and you should base your composition the outline below.1.有些人认为某些数字会带来好运。2.有些人认为运气与数字无关。3.我认为…… Sample writing: Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? When it comes to whether lucky numbers can bring good luck, people will have a
heated discussion.It's very common to see that some people will spend a large
sum of money on numbers like “6” or “8” when buying phone numbers or plate
numbers for their cars without any reluctance.Some people take it for granted that some lucky numbers can bring them good
luck.For instance, the so-called lucky number “8” is widely used now because it
is sounded like “getting rich” in Chinese and is believed to bring good fortune.On the contrary, there are many people who won't agree, and they claim that
numbers have nothing to do with luck.They regard numbers simply as mathematic
symbols for counting.They are anything but a mystery.They laugh at those who
think numbers can bring good luck.I'm in favor of the latter opinion.I think our society is very modern now.We
mustn't count on the so-called lucky numbers to fulfill our wishes.Whether we
can have good luck depends on ourselves.If we work hard, good luck will come to us.(186 words)
（三）现象分析型作文 1.原因分析型作文
（1）写作模式：引出现象-分析引起现象的原因-我的观点（2）常用句型： ① 引出现象的句式：
With the rapid development of …, many formerly unimaginable things come into
reality.The phenomenon of … is an example.With …, … has become an increasingly serious problem in society.With the increase of population, housing shortage is becoming a more and more
serious problem in large cities.② 引出原因的句式
There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most typical ones.There is probably a variety of reasons for the dramatic increase/decline in … First… Second…Finally…
Why did …? For one thing…, for another… Perhaps the primary reason is …
The change is chiefly caused by the fact that… The failure mainly comes from several factors that… We can regard … as a result of…
A number of factors could account for /contribute to /lead to/ result in…
…, partly because …, partly because… 2.后果分析型作文
（1）写作模式：引出现象-分析该现象的后果或影响-解决方法或我的观点（2）常用句型： 引出后果或影响的句式
There are a number of terrible consequences of … Perhaps the most serious one is ….It will have/produce/bring about a far-reaching/profound effect/influence/impact on…
The effect / influence / consequence of … is not only limited to… but also
This leaves some serious consequences of…
It may cause /create/ bring/ result in/ lead to/ give rise to a set of problems.3.例文：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition
on the topic On Fake Commodities You should write 150 words or so and you should base your composition the outline below.1．假冒伪劣商品充斥于各个角落 2.假冒伪劣商品的原因和危害 3．怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品 Sample writing: On Fake Commodities Today, there are many fake commodities sold in the market.Some can do great
harm to us.Why there are so many fake commodities? There are always two reasons, I think.First, the factories spend less time and
less money in producing the fake commodities than the good ones.In this way，they can make a greater profit.Second, the fake commodities are always cheaper
and many people like to buy them.As a result, the fake commodities became more
and more widely spread.It's very obvious that fake commodities are harmful.For
example, there is a man just catching a cold.If the man takes some fake
medicine, perhaps he will get worse, or even die.He is so poor just because he
has bought some fake commodities.The fake commodities do harm to the people, at
the same time, they do harm to society.Many factories selling good commodities will go bankrupt in a short time, which
will cause many workers out of work.There are many ways to eliminate fake commodities but the following ones may be
effective.First, the laws of the protection of consumers should be enforced to
severely punish those who produce or sell fake commodities.Second, consumers
should be taught how to tell good commodities from fake ones.Third, they should
be advised to protect their own interests and not to be led astray by false
advertisements.In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the
problem of fake commodities and launch a campaign against them.Only in this way
will fake commodities be possibly eliminated from the market in the future.(272 words)
（四）评论型作文
1.写作模式：引出需要评论的话（一定要直接或间接引用原话）-分析该引语的内涵-我的观点（可以适当引用名人名言或谚语，最好照应开头部分）2.常用句型：（1）引述的句式 As a proverb goes, “…” An old saying goes like this, “…” Lincoln once remarked, “…”（2）分析引语的句式
From this saying, we can see / know / conclude that…
This saying / statement tells us / reveals / shows / points out that … 3.例文
Directions: For this part.You are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay
entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark，“Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend the first four
sharpening the axe.” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Sample writing: The Way to Success Abraham Lincoln once observed, “Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.” As far as I'm concerned, this
remark can be interpreted as follows: If you want to successfully achieve a
certain goal, you must be well prepared for it at first.A good preparation
involves sufficient learning, good strategies and a healthy mentality.To be well prepared, you must first equip yourself with the required knowledge
and skills.Only in this way can you move smoothly in all kinds of tough and
complex situations.In the process of preparation, you will formulate good
strategies which can contribute to reducing the potential mistakes, thus leading
to higher efficiency.Finally, you must learn to cultivate a healthy mentality.You must be fully prepared for the possible setbacks you may encounter and
devote yourself wholeheartedly to whatever goal you pursue.In a word, success comes to those who are well prepared for it.The way to get
prepared is also a way to improve yourself.By sparing no effort to “sharpen
your axe”, you will successfully arrive at your destination.(189 words)请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】Choose the most suitable opening sentences for the
following passage.The following is a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds
Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, “Quitting smoking is
the easiest thing in the world.I've done it hundreds of times”.Choose the most suitable opening
remarks
for
the essay.____________________________.There is
something provoking and interesting in this paradox, which sets us thinking
about how to achieve success.Modern society provides people with more
opportunities than before, and there are stories which tell us the possibility
of somebody getting successful overnight.Actually that is not the case.Before
these people become successful, a lot of hard work has been done.Take super
girl Zhang Liangying as an example, before she became famous, she used to spend
day and night practice her singing.With her strong will and painstaking
efforts, she finally made it and now she is a world-famous singer.What we
usually see is the result, but what we ignore is a long process of struggling
forward and overcoming various obstacles.Take “quitting smoking” for example，which is, to most people, a difficult task, so people always give up the idea
for they don't have the strong will.In a nutshell, strong will is an indispensable part of success.Strong will is the best policy to make your
dreams come true.Concentrate on what you are engaged in, persist in there and
be patient, for “Where there is a will, there is a way”.A． Some humorous
saying goes like this, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world.I've done it hundreds of times”.Quitting smoking seems easy, but in reality
it is rarely achieved.B． There is a humorous saying about quitting smoking，which means quitting smoking is both easy and difficult.C． What do you think
about quitting smoking? Is it very difficult or very easy? If you are in the
former group, then you are right.D． Everybody wants to give up smoking, but
how? How can well quit smoking successfully?【答案】A 【解析】本题考查评论型作文的开头写法。评论型作文的开头部分需要直接或间接引用原话，最好直接引用，只有A做到了这一点。B，C和D都没有引用需要评论的话，而且和下文不能起到很好的衔接关系，下句中的this
paradox显然指的是需要评论的话语，故选择A。【知识点】评论型作文
（五）应用文 1.信函类
（1）写作模式：简单表明写信的目的-具体阐述写信的意图-自己的希望及信笺结尾套语（2）常用句式： ① 申请信
I am writing to apply for the post of … advertised in … Immediately I saw your advertisement in the paper for …, I felt it was just the
kind of post for which I have the qualifications and for which I have been
looking for some time.I feel I have the necessary qualifications and experiences needed for the
position of… advertised in the paper.I hope I may be granted an interview, when I can explain my qualification more fully.I would like to apply for admission to your college.I should like to further my studies in …department of your university.My major interests are…., and I understand your university has a good program in those fields.② 邀请信及答复 Thank you for your letter of …
It is a pleasure for me to invite you on behalf of ….to accept… It is with the greatest pleasure that I write to cordially（诚挚地）invite you to attend the meeting.It is very kind of you to ask us for dinner this coming Saturday evening.But，to our deep regret, we cannot accept it.③ 批评、抱怨、投诉信 I am writing to complain about….I think it's high time you realized…
I must tell you that unless you do something about the situation I will be
forced to take legal action.To be frank, I am not prepared to put up with the situation any more.请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】Choose the most suitable ending paragraph for the
following letter.Suppose you are Zhang Ying.Xiao Wang, your former classmate is
going to visit you during the week-long holiday in Beijing.Write according to the suggestions given below.1.表示欢迎2.提出度假安排的建议3.提醒应注意的事项Dear Xiao Wang,Words
failed to express my excitement when I learned that you would spend the holiday
with me.It's been three years since we graduated from high school.I miss you
so much that I can't wait to see you.Now that it will be the first time you
have visited Beijing, I am sure your journey will be exciting, rewarding and
full of a lot of fun.I've made a rough plan for this holiday as follows.On the
first day you arrive here, I will show you around my new campus.Especially I
will take you to visit our newly-built modern library.During the following
three days, we are about to go sightseeing around Beijing.We can visit many
scenic spots and historical attractions, such as the Summer Palace, the
Forbidden city, the Great Wall etc.On the fifth day, we can visit Beijing Zoo, since you are quite interested in wild animals.The next day, we can go
shopping.There are many splendid markets and shopping malls in Beijing.On the
last day, you can have a good rest before setting off.If there is any
inconvenience for you in this plan, please let me know immediately._____________________________________________________________.Yours，Zhang Ying A． I'm writing to you to talk
about your one-week stay in Beijing.B． I am looking forward to your reply and
wish you a good journey.C． I'm looking forward your solving this problem in an
agreeable way.D． With deepest gratitude I write you here a few lines.【答案】B
【解析】本题考查信函类作文的结束段落的写法。A和D都是开头段落的写法，故首先应排除；C是投诉类书信的结束段落的写法，故在本文中不合适。正确答案为B。【知识点】信函类作文 ④ 感谢信
Thank you so much for ….I warmly appreciate your hospitality.I don't know to thank you for your kindness to me.With deepest gratitude I write you here few lines.I am writing to thank you, on behalf of my wife and on my own behalf, for the
lovely time we had at your party last night.⑤ 道歉信
I am awfully sorry that I cannot …
I am very sorry for my rudeness /thoughtlessness / bad manners.I feel sorry for my failure to …
I am writing to express my sincere apology for my … I regret to inform you that I am unable to …
I believe you can understand that I have not intended to hurt you.I feel guilty for what I have done to you.⑥ 其它类型信函开头及结尾： I am writing to you with reference to ….Thanks so much for your letter, which arrived….I would like to know some information on … I would be grateful if you could /would ….It will be appreciated if you can /could ….I look forward to hearing from you.I hope you can write back to me at your earliest convenience.Best regards.Best wishes for you.3.例文 假如你是Jim
Lee，你最近对你所在班的60名同学（男女各半）进行了上网目的的调查。现在调查结果（如下表所示）用英语给某报社的编辑写一封信报告此事，以引起舆论的关注。
注意：
1.报告应包括图表所示的内容；
2.叙述调查结果时要避免重复使用百分比； 3.叙述过程中要适当添加评语； 4.词数：150左右。Sample writing: Dear Editor,
I'm very honored to write this letter to you about a survey I have recently made
among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class about their purposes of getting on the Internet.The girl's favorite is chatting, and the portion of those fond of
chatting is 35%.On the contrary, very few boys like chatting on the internet，accounting for less than 5%.What the boys like doing most is playing games and
reading news is just next to that.Both boys and girls like reading news and
sending e-mails on the Internet.Maybe they think it's the most convenient way
to get the latest information.In order to keep themselves well informed about
the development of the world affairs, they have taken advantage of the internet.What we should pay attention to is that only a very small part of the boy and
girl students, use Internet as a tool to study despite its great convenience and
promptness.As far as I am concerned, students should make good use of the
internet to serve them both in their life and study, especially in the latter perspective.What do you think about it? I'm really looking forward to getting your reply.Best regards for you.Yours sincerely,
Jim Lee
(215 words)2.演讲类
Directions: Write A Campaign Speech in no less than 150 words based on the outline below.1 你认为自己具备是什么条件(能力，性格，爱好)可以胜任学生会主席工作，如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？ Sample Writing: Dear brothers and sisters, May I have your attention please? Today I am very honored to stand here to have
the chance of running for the president of the students' union.I am a junior in the English Department.Since I came into the university, I have always been the
monitor of my class.I have done a very good job for my classmates, and my
classmates and my teachers all think highly of me.I am good at communication
and I have very strong organizing abilities.Most importantly, I'm very willing
to help others and can derive great pleasure from offering a helping hand to
others.Moreover, I have a variety of hobbies, for example, basketball，football, pingpong, etc.I am sure that I am qualified for this position.If I
become the president, I will try my best to do well.I will organize some
suitable activities for you.You will never be disappointed in choosing me as
president since I will do many things for you to meet your demands.I will
greatly appreciate it if you will give me a chance, and I will never let you down.Thank you for your attention.(197 words)3.通知类（一般了解）
通知的文体是考试中常见的一种文体也是对学生写作能力的一个必要的要求。通知是一种安排活动或布置工作时使用的文体，包括了口头通知和书面通知。口头通知是当面向有关人员口授有关活动的信息，而书面通知是以布告的形式把事情通知给有关人员。通知的要素是时间，地点，对象，事件具体内容，注意事项等。通知的语言应该是简洁明了，直截了当。还应该注意要有一定的逻辑顺序。注意：
（1）口头通知在开头一般都会以如下形式出现： Ladies and gentlemen Boys and girls May I have your attention, please? I have something important to tell you.结尾时会以以下句子结束： That's all.Thank you.（2）书面通知在正文之前的正中位置写 Notice 字样。在结尾要注明通知的发布人和发布日期。例1：广播通知：
你校学生会将为来访的美国朋友举办一个晚会，要在学校广播中宣布此事，并欢迎大家参加。为使美国朋友能听懂，请你用英语写一篇广播通知。要点如下： 宗旨：欢迎来访的美国朋友 组织者：学生会
时间：7月 13 日（星期六）晚上7:30 活动内容：音乐，跳舞，唱歌，游戏，交换小礼品（请包装好，签名并在包装外面写上几个祝愿词）
May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.The Students'
Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, July 13, to welcome our
friends from the United States.The party will be held in the roof garden of the
Main Building.It will begin at 7:30 PM.There will be music, dancing, singing，games and exchange of gifts.You may bring along a small gift for this purpose.Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.Don't forget: 7:30, Saturday evening, roof garden, Main Building.It's sure to
be a lot of fun.Everybody is welcome.例2：下面是有关英语演讲比赛的信息,请根据此用英语写一则通知.活动：英语演讲比赛 目的：提高英语口语 组织者：学生会 参加范围：高中学生 报名时间：5月25日以前 报名地点：学生会办公室 比赛时间：6月9日 下午4:00 比赛地点：教学楼五楼礼堂 评奖：前五名优胜者获奖 Notice We are going to have an English-speaking contest for senior students so as to
improve our oral English.It will be held in the auditorium on the 5th floor in
the teaching building 4:00pm, June 9th.Those who want to take part in the
contest are supposed to come to sign up at the office of the Students' Union before May 25th.All the senior students are welcome to join in the contest.The first five
winners will be given prizes.Please try our best and get ready in time.Wish you success!
The Students' Union 结 尾
以上是本次《英语
（二）》串讲的内容，请同学们在听串讲课程时，把重点放在改版后试卷上的七大题型的做题方法上。如果觉得自己基础比较薄弱，建议同学们听一下我们的精讲课程。鉴于本考试七个部分大部分都是全新题型，同学们平时在学习教材的过程中要有意识地往新题型上靠拢，多联想、多思考相关题型的解题方法。教材上课文可能会在考试中入选，请同学们在认真听精讲课所讲解的单词及语言点的基础上结合串讲所分析的七大题型的做题方法，真正理解考试各题型的精髓所在，一定要把课上所学的理论应用于实践。同时要练习常见体裁的写作，积累常用词汇和句型，大致掌握常见模板，并辅以一定的写作练习。相信在我们的共同努力下，同学们一定会取得自己满意的成绩。预祝大家考试成功！
第二篇：短文写作词汇
短文写作词汇
2009-03-16 22:51
（1）段落开头常用词语
As far as „.is concerned就„而言，就„什么而论；When it comes to 谈到„;As regards至于..关于..;with respect to 至于„关于..;As the proverb goes有句谚语说道„;It is commomly believed that人民普遍认
为„;generally speaking一般来说；First of all首先;In the beginning首先；In the first place 首先；To begin with首先；To start with首先；At first glance乍看起来’„;Secondly其次；Last but not the least最后一点，但也是最总要的一点；It can be argued that也许有人会说„;It goes without saying that不言而喻；It is no doubt that毫无疑问；According to..据..;until recently直到最近；So far=by now迄今为止；It has been found that..已经发现；It has been provedthat..已经证明..;It can’t be denied that..无可否认..It is possible that..有可能..;It is estimated that..据估计..;It is evident that..显而易见的..;It is generally
agreedbelieved that..人民普遍认为..;It is predicted that..据估计估测；It is proposed that..有人建议；IT is claimed that..有人声称；It is expected that„有人希望盼望；It is well-known that众所周知；It is no secret that..无庸讳言；It must be pointed out that..必须指出的是..;It must be admitted that..必须承认；It stands to no reason that..„是有道理的；Now that we know that„现在既然我们知道„;So long asAs long as..只要；We are all aware that„我们都认识到„;What calls for special attention is that..值得引起特别注意得是..;While..虽然„;In spite of..虽然„;As..so..正如..也„;It is hardly an accident that„..不是偶然的；In addition to„除了„还有..（2）表示举例的常用词语
For instance 例如；for example例如；A case in point is..一个典型的例子就是„;An interesting example is that..一个有趣的例子是„;As is shown by the case of„正如同..的例子说明..;Let me cite an example of..请允许我举一个„的例子。
（3）表示衔接和转折的常用词语
表对比和转折：although..尽管..;however但是；yet但是；conversely相反地是；on the contrary恰恰相反；expct for 除了..;;in contrast与之形成对比的是；nonetheless 但是；despite虽然；in spite of 虽然；otherwise 否则；on the other hand另一方面；still..可还是„;whereas„可是..instead..反之..;unlike不像„while虽然..;different from 和..什么不同得是..;It does’t follow that„„并不意味着„;in like manner 类似的；likewise 和„相似，similarly与之相似的„just as..so..正如„,„.也„;by compaarrison相比较；unlike„和„不同；distinguish from与„不同 表因果：because(of)因为；consequently..所以,„结果„;accordingly按照„;therefore..所以...;for this reason„正因为如此；As a result„结果；owing to „因为..;tankd to „因为..,多亏..;hence„所以；thus..所以；on account of „因为;in that..因为；result from.因为..而导致；result in
导致；lead to导致；lie in在于；
表递进和补充：furthermore还有；moreove还有；in addtion另外；what’s more 另外apart from..除了..;coupled with加上；besides除了„;not only..but also不仅..而且..表强调：above all„特别是；certainly当然；indeed确实；more importantly更重要的是；obviously很明显；to be sure 当然；undoubtedly毫无疑问；coupled with加上。
表结论：in short..总之； in brief..总之；to sum up..总之；in conclusion总之；in summary总之；to summarize总之；all in all总之；in a word总之；to make(cut)a long story short„简而言之；everything considere„总而言之;I will conclude by sayingciting 最后我要..;therefore,we haveb every reason to believe that..所以我们有理由相信„
常用谚语
As a popular saying goes,“Nothing venture,nothing have”不入虎穴，焉得虎子
As a proverb says,“Everything has two sides”凡是都有两面性
As a proverb says,“Where there is a will ,there is a way”有志着，事竟成。
As a popular saying goes“A man is known by company he kepts.”观其交友，只其为人
As is known to all,“No pains,no gains”没有苦就没有甜（不劳而获）
A full cap must be carried steadily.学问越大越要谦虚
Action speak louder than words.行动比语言更响亮
Adversity leads to prosperity痛苦通向昌盛
All’s well that ends well。结果好就一切都好
Beauty is but skin deep.美丽只是外表罢了（不能以貌取人）
Well begun is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半
Look before you leapp.三思而后行
Later better than never.迟做总比不做好
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.两鸟在林不如一鸟在手 Birds of a feather flok together.物以类聚。人以群分
Bitter pills may have wholesome effects.良药苦口
Once bitten,twice shy.一次被咬。下次胆小
Blood is thicker thanwater.血浓于水
A new broom swoops clean.新官上任三把火
Misery loves company.同病相连
Misfortunes never comes singly.祸不单行
There is a crook in the lot of every one.人生总有不如意处
Love me,love my dog.爱屋及乌
What’s donecannot be undone.事已定局，无可返回
Never offer to teach fish swim.不要般门弄斧
Make hay while the sun shines晒草要趁太阳好（抓紧时机）
Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse.宁为鸡头，毋为凤尾
An hour in the morning is worth two in the eveving一日之际在于晨。Man proposes,God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天
第三篇：英语作文短文写作
第二部分
短文写作模板
1.画图式（1）双图类比
Upon carefully observation,we will find that the two pictures above are closely related in meaning.In the upper one,______①.In the lower one,however,_______②.The pictures convey a clear and strong message to us that _______③ 描述段：
①此处应该填写第一个描述句：第一幅图画的内容 ②此处应该填写第一个描述句：第二幅图画的内容 ③总结两幅图的表层含义
The pictures are thought-provoking,and what they illustrate is a common
phenomenon
in
today’s society:______④.______⑤.Hence,______⑥，ais shown in the pictures given above.Aside from that,another telling example is ______⑦.解释段：
④点出图画寓意
⑤展开寓意，挖掘其深层次含义 ⑥再次总结，强调寓意
⑦此处应该填写一个与图画主题相似的例子，并加以说明。⑧Considering the current issue and worsening situation,we should call for some
immediate
action
imposed
by
the authorities.⑨Nevertheless,it is the responsibility of _______to_______in building a wholesome outlook toward the world and life.Therefore,it’s the duty of ordinary people to actively participate in the action.In my opinion,what’s most important is ______⑩.评论段（消极）
⑧对图画进行消极评论，经典结尾段开头句
⑨笔锋一转，对这样的消极现象，谁（如政府、社会、家长等）应该承担怎么样的责任
⑩提出作者的评论
（2）双图类比
Nowadays,_______①has become a matter of great concern of the general public in our society,especially for those who are confronted with this problem.There are,ais vividly illustrated in the pictures.In the left picture ______②，while in the right ______③.This is something we should give more though to.描述段
①总结图画主题，一般可以用 and 或 or 连接两个名词。注意英语喜欢用名词作标题类的内容。
②此处应该填写第一个描述句：第一幅图画的内容 ③此处应该填写第二个描述句：第二幅图画的内容
The purpose of the drawing is to show us that _______④，yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously._______⑤.Such cases can be found in almost all walks of life.解释段
④此处应该填写第一个描述句：点出图画寓意 ⑤展开寓意，挖掘深层次的含义
⑥Accordingly,it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings.On the one hand,_______ ⑦.On the other hand,______⑧.⑨Only by _______can_______.⑩Therefore,it’s the duty of ordinary people to actively participate in the action.评论段（积极）
⑥对图画进行积极评论，经典结尾段开头句 ⑦评论一 ⑧评论二
⑨使用了 only by doing sth.can sb.do sth 的倒装句型 ⑩经典高度抽象的结尾末句。
（3）单图动态
What is
presented
here
is
a
rather
meaningful drawing.______①.What makes this drawing extraordinary is________ ②，which clearly indicates ________③.描述段
①此处应该填写若干个描述句，注意动态图应该用现在进行时 ②此处应填写图画亮点（人物，动作或场景）③总结图画的含义 Undoubtedly the drawing conveys the meaning that _______④.That is to say,_______⑤.Such a practice is very helpful in terms of the following aspects.⑥For one thing,______.For another,_______.解释段
④展开寓意，挖掘深层次的含义 ⑤强调寓意
⑥此处填写两个解释句，分析该图画现象的意义
Numerous examples can demonstrate_______⑦.A case in point is _______⑧.Another illustration is closely related to us,_______⑨.On the whole,these examples effectively clarify the saying that_______⑩.举例段（积极）
⑦举例段万能末尾首句，该处填入图画寓意 ⑧例证一 ⑨例证二
⑩点明主题，可以填入一个谚语或文章主题
（4）单图静态
Ais conveyed in the picture,_______①.Simple as it is,the drawing renders us pondering awfully.Accordingly,what this thought-provoking picture depicts reflects a common phenomenon in today’s society:_______②，which has aroused great concern and should be given enough consideration.It goes without saying that its symbolic meaning that _______③，with the harmonious society echoed vigorously nowadays in China ought to be weighed conscientiously.描述段
①描述图画内容，注意静态图应该用一般现在时 ②此处填入一个反映当今社会现实的情况的句子 ③点出图画寓意
Why do we lay emphasis on this,several points analyzed below might equip us with the deeper understanding of what we are heading for.④For one thing ______,for another.No better illustration of this idea touched on above can be maintained than the case as listed below,_______⑤.It follows that,no issue in china is as basic to _______⑥.解释段
④此处填入对图画寓意进行分析的陈述句 ⑤此处填入一个反映图画寓意的事例 ⑥进一步说明
Judging from what has been argued above,people have come to realize ______⑦.As for me,it is necessary that some effective steps be made to ______⑧.To begin with,we should______;moreover _______⑨.Only by undergoing these measures,can we _______⑩.态度段
⑦展开寓意，挖掘其深层次含义 ⑧联系自我，总结、强调寓意 ⑨此处填入表达作者态度的陈述句 ⑩展望前景，经典结尾末句，使用倒装
（5）单图单意-----积极图
When we use the word / phrase _______①，we do not simply mean _______②，Which is a very narrow definition.The picture below illustrates the real meaning of it,by stressing the fact that_______③.描述段
①根据图画凝练一个单词或词组 ②此处填入该单词和词组的字面意思 ③描述图画内容
The implied meaning of the drawing should be taken into account seriously.To begin with,______④.What’s more,______⑤.As an example of ______,we should remember ______⑥.And the social phenomenon has arisen the great concern of our whole society.解释段
④此处填入揭示图画积极涵义一的陈述句 ⑤此处填入揭示图画积极涵义二的陈述句 ⑥围绕主题，举例说明
As far as I am concerned,the best way to ______⑦.We should always be ready to ______ ⑧.In this way,we can help to make______better,for,as the picture shows,______⑨.态度段
⑦此处应填入我的态度 ⑧从个体扩展到群体，深化主题 ⑨把图画内容再次简单描述，画龙点睛
（6）单图单意----消极图
Ais vividly depicted in the cartoon,_______①.The scene is presented in an artistic and ironic manner.What is strikingly noticeable is _______②,but it can be easily explained by _______③show in the picture.描述段
①描述图画内容
②此处填入消极图中的关键人物或事物 ③通过图画中的其他场景或人物得到解释
The purpose of the drawing is to show us that due attention has to be paid to
the
_______④.First
and foremost,_______.⑤Furthermore,_______.Last but not least,_______.解释段
④点出图画寓意
⑤此处应填入造成这种现象原因的陈述句
⑥It is imperative for us to take drastic measures.To begin with,relevant laws and regulations should be made to severely punish those who ______⑦.In addition,we should ______⑧.⑨Only in this way can we curb the current evil phenomenon revealed in the picture.解决段 ⑥对图画所折射的社会消极现象提出解决方案，经典结尾段开头句
⑦方案一，此处应该填入社会消极现象或行为的制造者 ⑧方案二
⑨万能解决段结尾末句，使用倒装句，表示强调
(7)单图双意
①Anyone who takes a closer look at the data in the drawing can be surprised to find that ______②.③It goes without saying that _______.Nevertheless , _______④.Why does this phenomenon appear? 描述段
①此句含有定语从句，被动语态，且为长主句结构，是经典的开头句
②此处应该填写一个描述图画内容的句子 ③谚语；不言而喻，此处应该填写反驳的观点 ④此处应该填写要支持的观点
⑤It is______that______.To get a sense of that,we must turn first causes for it._______，⑥two cases in point are _______.⑦If you push the exposure further,you will see that_____also has its negative aspects.In fact,______.What would our society be like if there were no ________⑧？ 解释段
⑤强调句，强调图画主题的积极方面 ⑥解释图画主题的积极方面
⑦采用两分法，提出图画主题的消极方面 ⑧特殊虚拟句，表达强烈感情
It is obvious that we should face up to every new trouble,so the top priority task for us to set about is to ______⑨.Perhaps,it is ripe time for us to tackle _______⑩.解决段
⑨提出扬长避短的方案
⑩强调寓意，深化主题，展望未来
（8）图中带字
As it is show in the picture above,_______①.Accordingly,this far-reaching picture reflects a common phenomenon in today’s society:______②.描述段
①结合文字，描述图画内容 ②解释深层含义
As a matter of fact,it is not rare to find in our every day life deeds of similar nature.For in stance,_______③There are several reasons accounting for this.Since we have to live in an on-the-move lifestyle,we may_______④.Furthermore , ________⑤.解释段 ③此处应该填写一个或几个例子，为主题服务 ④此处应该填入原因一 ⑤此处应该填入原因二
Judging from what have been argued above,people have come to realize the value of _______⑥.⑦It is,therefore,necessary that some effective steps be made to _______.To begin with,_______ ⑧ In addition,_______ ⑨.Only in those ways,can we make people,even _______,_______⑩.解决段
⑥经典末段首句，承上启下，此处应该填入文章主题 ⑦句式的多样性，采用了形式主语 ⑧此处应该填入方案一 ⑨此处应该填入方案二
⑩万能解决段结尾末句，使用倒装，插入语..2.图表式
（1）模板一
It is obvious in the graphic / table that the rate / number / amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up / grown / fallen / dropped considerably in resent years(as X varies).At the point of X1,Y reaches its peak value of _______① 描述段
说明：X,X①和 Y 都是表示图表上的某一点或数量 ①此处应该填入数量的多少 What is the reason for this change?Mainly there are _______② reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic / table.First of all,_______③.More all,_______⑤.解释段
②此处填入几个原因 ③此处填入第一个原因 ④此处填入第二个原因 ⑤此处填入第三个原因
From the above discussions,we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend decided in the graphic / table will continue for quite a long time⑥[(if necessary measures are not taken)].评论段
⑥括号里的适用于那些不太好的变化趋势
（2）模板 2 The chart gives us an overall picture of the _______①.The first thing we notice
is
that
_______②.This
means
that
importantly,_______④.Most
important
of as_________,________③.描述段
①此处应该填入图表主题 ②此处应该填入图表的最大特点 ③进一步说明图表主题 We can see from the statistics given that _______ ④.⑤ After V.ing _______,the_______.The figures also tells us that ________ ⑥.In the second column,we can see that ________accounts for ________⑦.解释段
④图表细节一（强调幅度和时间）⑤细节一中的第一个变化 ⑥图表细节二 ⑦进一步描述
Judging from these figures,we can draw the conclusion that _______⑧.The reason for this ,as far as I am concerned is that ________⑨.It is high time that we ________⑩.观点段
⑧此处应该填入结论 ⑨此处应该给出原因 ⑩发出倡议
其他作文模板，主页妞努力收集，连载中。。。。以后有不错的考研资料、经验我都会发一份在这个微博： 新浪微博 @考研新视界
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第四篇：赏析短文写作指导
赏析短文写作指导
• 第一、先明白命题的考核目的，然后准确、全面、透彻地解读文本。抓住关键句，进行思路分析。
• 第二、赏析短文的表述：文章结构要完整，一般采用“总说——分说——总结”的结构。首先要单刀直入、开门见山地提出论点，也就是提出你对该文的总体评价。然后就原作内容进行复述、介绍、引用，在此基础上进行分析评价，也就是采用“述评结合”的方法，一定要“述 ”和“评”相结合。• 第三、适当地运用鉴赏的常用术语。• 第四、表达要准确、简洁。
写作赏析短文的专业术语(一)主题思想：
立意深刻独到,鞭辟入里；突破定势,标新立异；主旨深远,意蕴丰富；言近旨远,耐人寻味；言有尽而意无穷；人无我有,人有我奇；意境深远．(二)构思技巧：
构思,是作者对自己将要动手写作的文章从内容到形式所作的总体设想。构思的外在表现形式为文章结构。文章的构思技巧主要从作品的立意、选材、结构安排、体裁、意境、表现手法等方面去判别。常见的鉴赏角度和术语：
①从立意的构思及其表现看,常用术语有开门见山、见解独到、画龙点睛、卒章显志、形散神聚、以小见大、发人深省、托物言志、寓言寄意、对比反衬、欲扬先抑、欲抑先扬、欲擒故纵、反弹琵琶、逆向思维等。
②从选材、组材的构思及其表现看,常用术语有
以小见大、以点带面,正反映衬(对比对照)、摇曳多姿,形散神聚、巧设线索、明暗交织,选材典型、多角度描写、详略得当等。
③从结构安排(或者说上下文的关系)的构思来看,常用术语有前后照应(首尾呼应)、层层铺垫、巧设伏笔(铺垫)、巧设悬念、巧妙勾连,层层推进(层层深入、步步递进)、层层剥笋,对比烘托、摇曳多姿,红线串珠(彩线串珠)、形散神聚、浑然天成,总分总式,并列结构,纵横捭阖、开合自如,情节波澜、张弛有度等。
④赏析意境、表现手法等方面的构思技巧,常用术语有
虚实结合、虚实相生、思维严密、构思精巧、不落窠臼、运用蒙太奇手法等．(三)艺术手法：
1.表达方式：叙述、描写、议论、抒情、说明等。
2.表现手法：比兴,联想和想象,象征, 烘托,对比,渲染,用典,讽喻． 3.修辞手法：比喻、拟人、排比、反复、对偶等。
4.写作技巧：以动衬静,动静结合；虚实结合；点面结合；侧面描写；粗笔勾勒；工笔细描；绘形绘声绘色；
5.描写手法：肖像描写、动作描写、心理描写、环境描写(景物描写)、细节描写等。6.抒情方式：直接抒情(直抒胸臆),间接抒情(情景交融、借景抒情、托物言志、寓情于景、情景交融、情景相生、以乐景衬哀情)。(四)语言特色：
清新明快, 简洁洗练, 含而不露, 简笔勾勒,浓墨重彩, 体物入微, 穷形尽相, 诗情画意,富有哲理, 耐人寻味, 形神兼备, 语言浅近明白如话, 言简意丰, 行云流水,平实质朴,诙谐幽默, 辛辣讽刺, 准确精当, 形象生动,惟妙惟肖, 淋漓尽致, 留有空白, 情韵悠长,力透纸背, 入木三分。把握赏析短文的写作方法,规范答题格式 ㈠、标题 基本要求： ①使用题目给定的标题
②格式:正标题空四个格子,副标题另起一行,空六个格子 ㈡、领起段写作要求：
①明确赏析对象,紧扣所选的题目写(正标题是观点,副标题是写作角度)②做出总体评价 基本格式：
(1)赏析“主题思想及其表现”的常用格式：
a、本文通过记叙(描写)……,表达了作者……的思想感情．
例：《项链》通过描写玛蒂尔德以十年的含辛茹苦去赔偿一条借来的假项链的悲剧故事,尖锐地讽刺了小资产阶级虚荣心和追求享乐的思想。b、……是《……》的主题．
例：描写群众的愚昧和革命者的悲哀是鲁迅的短篇小说《药》的主题思想． ②赏析艺术手法：
本文主要采用了……的艺术手法,生动形象地表现了……,具有很强的艺术感染力．(手法+表达效果)例：朱自清在《荷塘月色》一文中大量运用了比喻的修辞手法,描摹景色形象生动,表达感情细腻入微。(《鲜明的比喻—— 艺术手法简析》领起段)③构思技巧：
a、……是《……》构思上最突出的特点．
例:以时间、地点、情感为线索,三线并进,娓娓道来,是《在山阴道上》谋篇布局上最突出的一个特点。(《简析 谋篇布局的技巧》领起段)b、《……》构思上最大的特点是……． 例：《在山阴道上》一文在谋篇布局上最大的特点是文章以明、暗两条线索相互交错,使文章条理清晰,布局精巧。(《简析 谋篇布局的技巧》领起段)㈢、主体部分基本要求：
①紧扣领起段提出的观点分析． ②边叙边议． ③注意条理,适当运用序数词． ④适当提段． ㈣、总结段 基本要求： ①再现观点
②运用术语(如“总之”“综上所述”“总而言之”等)例：a.总之,《在山阴道上》一文以时间、地点、情感三条线索,环环相扣,密不可分,从而使情感升华,主题深化。(《简析 谋篇布局的技巧》总结段)b.总而言之,《荷塘月色》一文运用鲜明的比喻,既形象地描写了荷塘月色的美景,也传达了作者对荷塘的喜爱之情。
范文引路：
怎一个妙字了得(正标题是观点,是写作的小的切入点)——赏析《登泰山记》的艺术手法(副标题是写作角度)《登泰山记》一文巧妙地运用了侧面烘托和比喻拟人等艺术手法,生动地描写了泰山雪后初晴的瑰丽景色和日出时的雄浑景象,具有很强的艺术感染力．(领起段： 手法+表达效果 ①明确赏析对象,紧扣所选的题目写②做出总体评价)抓住特征巧妙烘托,是本文写作上的一个重要特征。本文描写景物很少直接写出,而是采用侧面烘托的办法。(评)例如,先用“其级七千有余”(叙)暗暗点出泰山的雄伟(析),然后借山顶俯视所见“半山居雾”和在日观亭时“足下皆云漫”的图景(叙)从侧面烘托泰山的高峻(析)。又如写雪,除“冰雪”“雪与人膝齐”等正面描写外,又以“明烛天南”“白若”“绛皓驳色”(叙)等作侧面烘托,给人以想象,又生动有趣(析)。
本文使用比喻和拟人手法也各具特点。(评)“苍山负雪,明烛天南”(叙).作者不言冰雪覆盖青山,却说青山背负着雪,赋予静态的青山以人的动态,用语新颖、传神(析).“汶水、徂徕如画,而半山居雾若带然”(叙),作者纵目远眺,夕阳照耀着泰安城,汶水、徂徕好像自然天成的山水画,而山腰间停留着的云雾好像飘带一般。“半山居雾”,不仅把动态的物写成静态,使人感受到那种特有的宁静气息,而且设喻新奇,给人以美的享受(析).“回视日观以西峰,或得日,或否,绛皓驳色,而皆若偻”(叙),这一比喻,写出了西南诸峰的特点,更显出日观峰的雄峻,且赋予山峰以人的感情,形象而生动(析)。(主体部分：①紧扣领起段提出的观点分析．②边叙边议．③注意条理,适当运用序数词．④适当提段．)总之,本文巧妙的运用多种艺术手法,写出了泰山的神秀壮丽,能唤起人们对泰山的向往,让人深刻地感受到祖国山河的壮美,真乃怎一个妙字了得。(总结段：①再现观点②运用术语(如“总之”“综上所述”“总而言之”等)文章的写作技巧为设喻说理，借拔牙写剿匪，特别指官匪，生动 形象。作者自己口中的那些虫牙，不但不能为自己的身体服务，反而危害自己的身体，根本没有替作者造福的能力。作者非但不能通缉他们，还要袒护他们，但他们却仍要与作者作对。这巧妙的隐喻了当时黑暗的社会现实，体现了当时官员的腐败无能。不为民为国造福，反而危害人民，危害国家。而人民还要在他们的苛政之下生活，还要送东西孝敬他们。
作者起先反对在口中剿匪，认为自己要有文王之德，而后受到了劝告，要剿匪；事成后，全无痛苦，还装了十来根方方正正的假牙。这隐喻；贪官污吏被满门抄斩后，换上一批尽职尽责的官员，为人民造福。通篇采用设喻说理，暗喻当时的社会现实。通俗易懂，十分有趣。
本文语言幽默、诙谐。把拔牙比作剿匪，把牙齿拔光就是要把国土上的官匪肃清。作者没有一本正经地讲述自己的主题，而是从自身出发，从牙齿出发。庄严之中也带着一点小俏皮。作者形象地揭露出一些官位处于国家栋梁之位，被人民滋养，却危害国家；不为人民造福，却残害人民。本文的语言让读者欣赏的同时，也给人一种幽默的感觉。可读完后，却能使读者陷入沉思。
这篇文章具有强烈的讽刺意义，讽刺了那些官匪，对待他们千万不可采取隐忍、孝敬的态度，对官匪的仁慈是不对的，对他们唯一的办法就是兴兵伐纣，替天行道。
第五篇：短文写作妙笔生花开头语
短文写作妙笔生花开头语
文章的开头除了要表明主题外，还有一个重要的任务就是吸引阅卷老师的注意。因此，开头一定要具有与众不同的吸引力，这样才能给阅卷老师留下深刻的印象。下面介绍几种实用有效的开头方式及常用句型：
1）现象法
所谓现象法，就是在文章开头就指出某种社会现象或问题。这种开头方式在六级写作中十分常见，主要应用于现象解释型作文和问题解决型作文。
【常用句式】
① Recently/ Presently the phenomenon/ issue/ problem of„ has been brought into focus./ aroused public attention/ become a heated topic/ been in the limelight.② With „, there arises a heated debate as to„
③ With the steady/ rapid/ amazing development of„, people begin to„④ In the past„ years, many„ have been faced/ troubled/ confronted with„
⑤ Nowadays/ Recently, one of the hottest/ most popular topics/ problems many people complain/ concern about/ talk about/ discuss is„
⑥ Nowadays, our society is/ we are witnessing more and more„
⑦ In the past„ years, there has been a sharp/ dramatic increase/ growth/ rise/ decline in „ According to an official report/ survey/ poll, „
⑧ In recent„years, „has experienced an alarming increase/ growth/ rise/ decline in„
【例13】
Nowadays, one of the hottest problems many people complain about now is piracy.Books, tapes, VCDs and other high-tech products have been pirated.For instance, when a new product comes onto market, most probably, its pirated version will soon show up in the market, too.【分析】本段文字是关于如何解决盗版问题的文章开头，运用了现象法，段首句使用了句式⑤。
2）对立法
所谓对立法，就是引出人们对要讨论问题的不同看法和观点，然后提出自己的看法或者表明自己偏向哪一看法。这种开头方式方式一般用于有争议的主题，主要适用于对比选择型作文。
【常用句式】
① When asked„, a great/ vast majority of people/ most„ say that„ But I think/ view quite differently./ But in my eye/view,„
② When it comes to„, some people believe that„, but some others argue/ claim that„(the opposite/ reverse is true).There is probably some truth in both arguments/ statements, but „(I tend to agree to/ would prefer the former/ latter.)
③ Now, it is commonly/ generally/ widely believed/ held/ acknowledged that„.They claim/ believe/ argue that„ But I wonder/ doubt whether„
④ Nowadays there is no agreement among people as to„.Some people focus on/ advocate/ favor „ while others may think„.(From my point of view, „)
⑤ When faced with/ In the face of„ quite a few people claim that„ but other people argue„⑥ There is much discussion/ public debate/ controversy nowadays as to the problem of„ Some people say that„ Others hold that„
⑦ There is a general debate over the phenomenon of „ People who are against/ object to it claim/ hold „ But people who advocate it, on the other hand, claim/ argue „
⑧ The value of this form of„ is now being questioned by„/There is growing skepticism toward„
【例14】
Nowadays there is no agreement among people as to the best measure of a country’s success.Some people focus on rich economy while others may think it is the quality of life that has nothing to do with money
【分析】本段文字是关于什么是社会成功的标准的文章开头，运用了对立法，段首句使用了句式④。
3）观点法
所谓观点法，就是开门见山，直截了当地提出本文要论证的观点或要解决的问题。这种开头方式主要适于观点论证型作文和问题解决型作文。
【常用句式】
① Now there is a growing awareness/ recognition of the necessity to„/Now people are becoming increasingly aware/ conscious of the importance of„
② It is true that„ No one can deny „
③ „, which has been generally accepted.The truth of it is deep and profound/ self-evident.④ Now people in growing/ significant numbers are beginning/ coming to realize/ accept/ be aware that„
⑤ Nowhere in„ / Never in history has the issue/ change/ idea of„ been more evident/ visible/ popular/ serious than in„
⑥ Perhaps/ Maybe we should/ it is time to rethink/ reexamine/ have a fresh look at the idea/ value/ attitude/ wisdom/ desirability that„
【例15】
Now there is a growing awareness of the necessity to protect our natural resources form being exhausted.Having realized that natural resources cannot be reproduced if they are exhausted, people are turning to other things for replacement of natural resources.【分析】本段文字是关于如何保护自然资源的文章开头，运用了观点法，段首句使用了句式①。
4）比较法
所谓比较法，就是通过对过去、现在两种不同的倾向、观点进行比较，从而引出文章要讨论的观点。一般来说，对过去的观点都只是一笔带过，而将写作的重点放在现在的即文章要讨论的观点上。这种开头方式主要适用于观点论证型作文。
【常用句式】
① For years, „had been viewed as„ But people are taking a fresh look now.With the growing/ development of„, people„
② People used to think that„(In the past, „)But people don’t share this view now.③ It is a tradition/ custom/ practice/ traditional way„ But now/in recent decades things have changed.【例16】
People used to think that children should be obedient.If they were obedient, their parents would be very proud and very pleased, and consequently, they would be the favorite ones of their parents among other children.But people do not share this view now.They now think it is of great
importance that their children have their own thoughts.【分析】本段文字是关于孩子应该有独立的思想和观点的文章开头，运用了比较法，段首句使用了句式②。
5）问题法
所谓问题法，就是先将要讨论的问题进行设问，然后在解答的过程中引出观点。这样开头的好处在于从一开始就能引起读者的兴趣，但需要注意的是，如果问题设计不好，就会导致首段中心不突出，主题句表达苍白等负面效果，因此使用时要慎重。这种开头方式主要适用于对比选择型作文和现象解释型作文。
【常用句式】
① Should/ What„? Opinions of/ Attitudes towards/ Answers to„ vary widely/ greatly/ from person to person.Some„ are favor of/ view/ regard/ think of„ Others believe/ argue/ claim„② “Why do/ have „?” Many „ often ask/ pose the question like this.③ One of the basic/ hot topic facing our society is: What/Why „?
④ How do you think of the problem of „? In seeking answer to this q
⑤ Why is there a „ in society? It is no easy task to identify the causes for it.【例17】
Should euthanasia be legalized? Answers to this question vary greatly from person to person.Some people are in favor of the idea of euthanasia.Others argue that the legalization may bring about some problems.【分析】本段文字是关于安乐死是不是该合法化问题的文章开头，运用了问题法，段首句使用了句式①。
6）引用法
所谓引用法，就是在文章开头引用名人名言、箴言、谚语或有代表性的看法，来引出文章要论述的观点。这种方法通过引用切合主题的名言警句，一方面可以突出主题，另一方面也能为文章增加文采，容易给人留下深刻的印象。但是这种开头要求考生必须有一定知识储备，对所使用的名言警句等要应运自如。另外，所引用的名言警句一定要为中心服务，不能单纯为了增加文采而引用。这种开头方式主要适用于观点论证型作文。
【常用句式】
① One of the great/ early writers/ philosophers/ scientists said/ wrote/ remarked, “„”If this is true/ the case, then the present/ current view/ value/ attitude/ situation should make us wonder whether„/ ponder over„
② “„” The same idea/ complaint/ attitude is voiced/ echoed/ shared by„
③ “„” How often we hear/ We are used to hearing/ Many people have heard(such)statement/ words/ complaint like/ as this/ those.④ There is an old/ popular saying/ proverb which goes that„.The truth of it is profound and significant./ Under its simplified cover, a truth is ironically pointed out, that is, „
⑤ One great „ had ever said/ once remarked, “„”Now it still has a realistic/ profound significance./ Now it is still working in our modern society./ Now more and more people share this belief./ The remark is still confirmed by people in today’s society./ the remark has been shared by generations./ The view has been echoed by many …
【例18】
There is an old proverb which goes that the grass is always greener on the other side of the valley.Under its simplified cover, a truth is ironically pointed out, that is, people are not contented with the already blessing situation.On the contrary, we always think that there are people around us
who are much more fortunate than us.In fact this kind of opinion is very dangerous.【分析】本段文字是关于成功是靠运气还是靠努力奋斗的文章开头，运用了引用法，段首句使用了句式④。
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