新东方中高级口译词汇必备MP3+文本 Chapter 09 Health[范文大全]

第一篇：新东方中高级口译词汇必备MP3+文本 Chapter 09 Health

第九章 健康

SECTION I: 英译中

A

a period of debility n.体能低落、衰弱期

acne n.痤疮，粉剌

active sleep n.积极睡眠

acute adj.急性的 adrenalin n.肾上腺素

adverse effect n.反作用

aerobics n.有氧运动

AIDS（Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome）

alcoholic poison n.酒精中毒

alkalinity or acidity n.酸碱性

allergy n.过敏

Alzheimer’s disease n.老年痴呆症

amino acids n.氨基酸

anemia n.贫血

anoxia n.缺氧

anthrax n.炭疽

anti-aging adj.抗衰老

antibiotics n.抗生素

antibody n.抗体

antipruritic adj.止痒剂，止痒的 anti-SARS campaign n.抗非典斗争

artery n.动脉

arthritis n.关节炎

artificial heart n.人造心脏

artificial hormones n.人造激素

asthma n.哮喘

avian influenza（bird flu）n.禽流感

B

B.O.（Body Odor）n.体臭

backache n.背痛

bacterium（Pl.bacteria）n.细菌

balm n.止痛膏，香油

behavioral therapy n.行为疗法

belch n./v.打嗝

bioengineering n.生物工程

biologist n.生物学家

bird flu n.禽流感

bleeding n.出血

blemish n.瑕疵，疤痕

blister n.水泡

blood circulation n.血液循环

blood vessel n.血管

bone marrow n.骨髓

艾滋病（获得性免疫缺陷综合）

bronchitis n.支气管炎

bruise n./ v.瘀伤，擦伤，青紫

BSE（bovino spongiform encephalopathy）n.疯牛病

burp n.饱嗝儿，打嗝 v.打饱嗝

C

callus n.老茧

calorie n.卡路里

cancer n.癌，毒瘤

capillary n.毛细管

carbohydrate n.碳水化合物

cardiac adj./n.心脏（病）的 cardiologist n.心脏病专家

cataract n.白内障

cellulite n.脂肪团块

chest cavity n.胸腔 chickenpox n.水痘 cholera n.霍乱

cholesterol n.胆固醇

chronic adj.慢性的

chronic asymptomatic HBV carriers 慢性无症状乙型肝炎病毒携带者

cirrhosis of liver n.肝硬化

（masked palm）civet n.果子狸

cleanse v.清洗，净化

colic n.绞痛，疝气

coma n.昏迷

comatose adj.昏睡的，昏迷不醒的 communicable diseases 传染病

corona virus 冠状病毒

condom n.安全套

congenital defects n.先天性缺陷

contagious adj.传染性的 contraceptive coil n.避孕环

convulsion n.惊厥，痉挛

coronary disease n.冠心病

cough v./n.咳嗽

coughing fit n.咳嗽发作

craving n.强烈的愿望

D

dandruff n.头皮屑

deadly adj.致命的

debilitate vt.使衰弱，使虚弱

dehydration n.脱水

dementia n.痴呆

deodorize vt.除臭

dermatologist n.皮肤科医生

dermatology n.皮肤病学

diabetes n.糖尿病

diagnosis n.诊断

dialysis machine n.透析机

diarrhea n.痢疾，腹泻

die a grim death 惨死

diet plan n.食物计划

dietitian n.营养专家

dilated pupil examination n.瞳孔放大检查

disinfectant n.消毒剂

dizziness n.头昏眼花

dose n.剂量

dream cycle n.做梦周期

dropsy n.水肿，浮肿

duodenal ulcer n.十二指肠溃疡

dyspepsia n.消化不良

E

eating disorder n.食欲紊乱

elasticity n.弹力，弹性

embryo n.胚胎

embryology n.胚胎学

epidemic adj.流行的，传染的 n.时疫，流行病

epidemic encephalitis B n.流行性乙型脑炎

epidemiology n.流行病学

euthanasia / mercy killing n.安乐死

extrovert n./adj.性格外向的（人）

F

fatal n.致命的 fertilization n.授精

fetus n.胎儿

fever n.发烧

fitness center n.健康中心

fitness n.健康

flatulence n.肠胃气胀

flu shot n.（打）抗流感针

foot-and-mouth disease n.口蹄疫

fructose n.果糖

fungus（pl.fungi）n.真菌

futile adj.无效的 G

gasp v.喘气，倒吸气

genes n.基因

genetic information n.遗传信息

genome n.基因组

germicide n.杀菌剂

gestation n.怀孕

GM food（genetically modified food）n 转基因食品

GMOs（Genetically Modified Organisms）n.转基因生物

gingivitis n.齿龈炎

gland n.腺

glucose n.葡萄糖

gum n.齿龈

H

hair-raising adj.使人毛骨悚立的 hatch v./n.孵化

health care products n.保健品

herbal medicine 草药

heart attack n.心脏病发作

heart failure n.心力衰竭

hemorrhoids n.痔疮

hepatitis n.肝炎

hepatitis A n.甲肝 hepatitis B n.乙肝

herbal essence n.草药精，草本精华 heredity n.遗传

herpes n.疱疹

hiccup n./ v.打嗝

high blood pressure n.高血压

high cholesterol n.胆固醇过高

HIV（human immunodeficiency virus）人体免疫缺损病毒，艾滋病病毒

HIV-positive adj.艾滋病病毒测试呈阳性

hoarseness n.嘶哑，刺耳

holistic medicine n.全身（整体）治疗的药物，如中药

homosexually transmitted disease n.由同性恋传播的疾病

hormone n.荷尔蒙，激素

human genome n.人类基因图谱

hypertension n.高血压，过度紧张

hypotension n.血压过低 I immune system n.免疫系统 immunity n.免疫性

implant v./n.植入

impotence n.阳萎

in a vegetative state 处于植物人状态

incubator n.孵卵器，早产儿保育器

infected adj.被感染的 infertility n.不孕，不育

inflamed skin n.皮肤发炎

injection n.注射

inoculate v.打预防针，接种疫苗

insemination n.授精

insomnia n.失眠，失眠症

insulin n.胰岛素

introspective adj.内省，内向的，introvert n./ adj.性格内向的（人）

irregular pulse n.脉律不齐

irritable adj.急躁的 isolation n.隔离

itching adj.发痒的、渴望的

itchy adj.使人发痒的，不安静的，神经质的 IVF（in-vitro fertilization）[ ] n.试管受精

K

kidney stones n.肾结石

kidney transplant n.肾移植 L lactose n.乳糖

laser treatment n.激光疗法

lesion n.感染的皮肤，损伤

living donor n.（活体）器官捐献者

lobe n.耳垂，（肺，肝等的）叶

M

malaria n.疟疾

mandatory testing n.强制测试

manicure n.修指甲

mate v.交配

maternity leave 产假

matrix n.子宫

menopause n.更年期

mental deterioration n.神经退化、衰弱

mental disorder n.精神紊乱

metabolism n.新陈代谢

microbe n.微生物，细菌

micro-organism n.微生物

microprocessor n.微处理器，单片机

migraine n.偏头痛

molecule n.分子

morbidity rate n.发病率

morning sickness n.（孕妇）晨吐

mortality rate n.死亡率

mouth hygiene n.口腔卫生

N

near-sighted adj.近视的 nerve pathway n.神经通道

neurological adj.神经学的 neurologist n.神经科医师

neuropathy n.神经病

nicotine n.尼古丁

numbness n.麻木

nutrient adj.有营养的，养分

nutrition n.营养，营养学

O

obesity n.肥胖症

odds n.可能的机会；几率

odor n.气味

offspring n.后代

OTC drugs n.非处方药

outbreak n.（疫情等）暴发

P

paralysis n.瘫痪

Parkinson’s disease n.帕金森综合症

passive smoking / second-hand smoking n.被动吸烟

pediatrics n.小儿科

pedicure n.修脚，修脚指甲

perceptual skill n.感知能力

person in a vegetative state;vegetable n.植物人 personal hygiene n.个人卫生

pharmaceutical n./adj.药物，制药学的

pharmacist n.药剂师

physical endurance n.体力、体能

pimple n.丘疹，面泡，青春豆

plague n.瘟疫

plethora n.多血症

PMS（pre-menstrual Syndrome）n.月经前不快症状

pneumonia n.肺炎

pore n.毛孔

pregnancy n.怀孕

pressure n.压力

protein n.蛋白质

psychological rest n.心理休息

pulse n.脉搏

quarantine n./v.隔离

R

rabies n.狂犬病

regenerate v.再生

remedy n.药物，治疗，矫正

renal adj.肾脏的

respirator n.口罩；人工呼吸器

a canister respirator n.防毒面具

rheumatism n.风湿

ringing in the ears n.耳鸣

rinse n./ v.冲洗掉，清洗，冲洗

royal jelly n.蜂王浆

S

saccharin n.糖精

SARS-affected area n.非典疫区

SARS epidemic n.非典型性肺炎

scarlet fever n.猩红热

secretion n.分泌，分泌物

sedative n.镇静剂，止痛药 adj.镇痛的 shiatsu n.（日）指压，指压按摩疗法

schistosomiasis n.血吸虫病

skin rash n.皮疹

slow-wave sleep n.慢波睡眠

smallpox n.天花

sneeze v./ n.打喷嚏

snore n./ v.打鼾，鼾声

sore throat n.喉咙痛

soreness n.痛，痛楚

spasm n.痉挛

sperm bank n.（为人工授精提供精子的）精子库 sperm donor n.捐献精子的人 sprain n.扭伤

STD（Sexually Transmitted Disease）n.性传染病

stem cell n.干细胞

sterile adj.不育的，无结果的，消毒过的，无菌的 sterilization n.消毒，绝育

steroids n.类固醇

stroke n.中风

stiff neck n.落枕

stimulant n.刺激物

stinky feet n.臭脚

stolid adj.神经麻木的，感觉迟钝的 stress n.压力，焦虑

stroke n.中风

sub-consciousness n.潜意识

surgeon n.外科医生

swelling n.肿胀

symptom n.症状

syndrome n.综合病症

syphilis n.梅毒

T

test tube n.试管

the terminally ill n.患绝症者；病入膏肓者

thrush n.鹅口疮

toxic adj.有毒的

toxin n.毒素

transplant n./ v.移植

trauma n.外伤，（心理）创伤

trial version n.试验版

tumor n.瘤

typhoid fever n.伤寒

U

ulcers n.溃疡

unconsciousness n.无意识，意识不清

upset stomach n.反胃，肚子痛

urinary incontinence n.小便失禁

V

vaccination n.接种疫苗

vaccine n.疫苗

varicose veins n.静脉曲张

vellus n.毫毛

vicious circle n.恶性循环

virus n.病毒

visual disturbance n.视力障碍

vivacious adj.性格活泼的，快活的

voluntary and confidential testing

自愿的，保密的测试

W

wart n.疣

womb n.子宫

wrinkle n.皱纹

SECTION II: 中译英

中医 TCM（Traditional Chinese medicine）

1.中医名着 famous TCM work

2.《黄帝内经》 Huang Di’s Classic of Internal Medicine / Yellow Emperor'sChinese Medicine

3.《神农本草经》 Shennong’s Herbal Classic

4.《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica

5.《易经》 I Ching;Book of Change

6.万物人为贵 nothing compares to a human life

7.救死扶伤 healing the sick and saving the dying

8.阴阳 yin-yang, the two opposing and complementary principles in nature

9.相生相克 mutual generation and restriction

10.对立制约 mutually opposing and constraining

11.互根互用interdependent and mutually promoting

12.相互转化mutually transformational

13.新陈代谢 metabolism

14.针灸 acupuncture

a）针刺疗法acupuncture

b）艾炙疗法 moxibustion

15.推拿 medical massage

16.穴位acupuncture point

17.针刺麻醉 acupuncture anesthesia

18.综合医院 general hospital

19.中医部 TCM section/ department

20.拔火罐疗法（Chinese）cupping therapy

21.刮痧疗法skin scraping therapy with water, liquor or vegetable oil

22.理疗 physical therapy

Canon of Traditional

23.切脉 feeling the pulse

24.偏方folk prescription

25.秘方 secret prescription（normally of excellent curative effect）

26.祖传秘方 secret prescription handed down from one's ancestors

27.阴阳五行学说 the theory of yin-yang and five elements（metal, wood, water, fire and earth）

28.心 heart

29.肝 liver

30.脾spleen

31.胃stomach

32.肺 lung

33.肾 kidney

34.内伤七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊）internal causes（joy, anger, worry, thought, grief, fear and surprise）

35.外感六淫（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火）external causes（wind, cold, heat, wetness, dryness and fire）

36.中药四性 four properties of medicinal herb a）寒cold b）热hot c）温warm

d）凉cool

37.中药五味five tastes of medicinal herb

a）酸sour

b）苦bitter

c）甜sweet

d）辣spicy

e）咸salty

38.按摩message therapy

39.减肥 lose weight

40.经络 main and collateral channels inside human body;meridian

41.食补保健maintain good health through the intake of nourishing food

42.太极拳 Tai chi quan;Tai chi Chuan;Taijiquan boxing

43.延缓衰老 to defer senility

44.药典pharmacopoeia

45.有机整体 an organic whole

46.瑜珈 yoga

47.中国古代药王神农氏 Shennong, herbal medicine master of ancient China

48.中华医学会 Chinese Medical Association

49.安全第一，预防为主 safety first, precaution crucial.

第二篇：新东方中高级口译考试最新高频词汇

Allocate

分配 Arise

出现

Attach 赋予粘上

Characterize 以。。为特色的 Charge

收费 Collect

收集 Contaminate

污染 Degrade

使降级 Depreciate

贬值 Desert 抛弃 Endanger 危害 Imitate

模仿 Incur招致，引发 Inflict

造成 Lavish

浪费 Maximize 最大化 Oblige

强迫 Overcome 克服 Prohibit

禁止 Pursue

追求 Quit

放弃 Sacrifice 牺牲 Spread 传播

Steer

驶向，掌舵 Trigger 引发，触发 Abuse

虐待，滥用 Acquire

获取 Detect

侦查

Innovate

改革创新 Participate 参与 Survive 生存 Vanish 消失

Wither

退化，萎缩 Coexist 共存

Boom 繁荣，兴旺发达 Blossom 兴旺发达 Perform

履行，表演 Roam 闲逛

Abolition/abolish

废除

Accommodate 供给，调节，住宿 Adore 崇拜；爱慕 Alter 改变 Arouse 激发 Assume 承担

Attend 参加，就读 Censor审查

Commute 来回往返于 Consul 咨询 Cultivate 培养

Determine 取决于，决定 Discourage 不鼓励；妨碍Diversify 使多样化 Divert 使分心 Dominate占优势 Enlighten启发 Exaggerate夸张

Exert 施加（压力、影响）Expel

排除；开除 Explore 探究

Expose 揭露性报道 Hamper 妨碍；牵制 Hinder阻碍 Idealize 理想化

aggressive

alert

arduous

artistic

authoritative

cogent

compassionate

complicated

corrupt

demanding

desirable

eccentric

evil

exotic

fallacious

feasible

fictious

fruitful

glamorous

humane

上进心的

敏锐的，警惕的 费劲的 艺术性的 权威性的 使人信服的富于同情心的 复杂的 腐蚀

要求高的古怪的 古怪的 邪恶的 异国的 荒谬的 可行的 虚假的 有成效的富有魅力的人道的

impressive

给人印象深刻的 inborn

天生的

indecent

不妥的，不检点的 indispensable

不可或缺的 inexhaustible

取之不尽的 infectious

传染性的 inferior

低人一等的 infirm

弱的

influential

有影响力的 ingrain

inhumane

insalubrious

instructive

intellectual

interim

interpersonal

intimate

inward

irreparable

irresistible

irritating

mature

permissive

pernicious

poisonous

potential

pragmatic

preferential

prevailing

prudent

psychological

reverse

rigid

rough

sheltered

sociable

sole

stressful

stringent

unadvisable

uncompromising

unethical

根深蒂固的不人道的有害无益的 有教育意义的 智力的

中间的，过渡的人际关系的 密切的 内在的

不可挽回的 不可抵挡的 恼人的 成熟的

宽容的，许可的 有害无益的 有毒的 潜在的务实的优惠的

占主导地位的，流行的 明智的心理上的相反的 严格的 粗略的受保护的

友善的、好交际的 唯一的 有压力的严厉的不得当的不妥协的不道德的

unhealthy

不健康的 unified

同意标准的 unique

独特的 unjust

不公平的 unscrupulous

肆无忌惮的 unsociable

不善于社交的 vexing

令人烦恼的 vivid

形象的、生动的 unwholesome

不健康的 voluntary

vulnerable

well-grounded contributive

prosperous

abolishment

absurdity

abuse

acquaintance

adaptation

admiration

adventurer

explorer adverse impact adversity

affection

alienation

ambition

amusement

anecdote

apathy

applause

approach

architecture

assault

assessment

association

athlete

availability

barrier

beneficiary

cruelty

budget

废除 荒唐，谬论 滥用 熟人

改写，适应 崇拜 探险者

负面影响

逆境

友情，感情

疏远

志向

娱乐

轶事

冷漠无情

鼓掌

方法

建筑

攻击

评估

联想，联系

运动员

可得到的东西

障碍

受益人

残忍

预算

易受伤害的 有充分证据的 有贡献的 繁荣昌盛的 自愿的 campaign

运动 candidate

候选人 capacity

能力，容量 celebrity

名人 characteristic

特点 cohesion

凝聚力 colleague

同事 collectivism

集体主义 commercial

商业广告 commercialization

commodity

companion/partner

conformity

consensus

consultation

assumption

content

contentment

contribution

correlation

costume

creativity

criteria

evaluation

exception

cyber crime

depression

deprivation

descendant

deterioration

detour

digestion

dignity

discipline

discontent

discrimination

disgust

disorder

disorientation

商品化

商品

同伴

一致

同意

咨询 消费

内容

满意 贡献 相关性

服装 创造性

条件，标准 评价

例外

网络犯罪

沮丧

剥夺

后代

恶化

绕道

消化吸收 尊严 纪律 不满足 歧视 反感 无序状态 迷失方向感

Allocate 分配

Arise

出现

Attach

赋予粘上

Characterize 以。。为特色的

Charge

收费

Collect

收集

Contaminate

污染

Degrade

使降级

Depreciate

贬值

Desert

抛弃

Endanger 危害

Imitate

模仿

Incur 招致，引发

Inflict

造成

Lavish

浪费

Maximize 最大化

Oblige

强迫 Overcome

克服

Prohibit

禁止

Pursue

追求

Quit

放弃

Sacrifice 牺牲

Spread

传播

Steer

驶向，掌舵

Trigger

引发，触发

Abuse

虐待，滥用

Acquire 获取

Detect

侦查

Innovate

改革创新

Participate

参与

Survive 生存

Vanish

消失

Wither

退化，萎缩

Coexist

共存 Boom 繁荣，兴旺发达

Blossom

兴旺发达

Perform

履行，表演

Roam

闲逛

Abolition/abolish

废除

Accommodate 供给，调节，住宿

Adore 崇拜；爱慕

Alter

改变

Arouse

激发

Assume 承担

Attend 参加，就读

Censor 审查

Commute 来回往返于

Consul 咨询

Cultivate 培养

Determine 取决于，决定

Discourage

不鼓励；妨碍 Diversify 使多样化

Divert

使分心

Dominate 占优势

第三篇：新东方中高级口译口试词汇必备文本

第一章 社会

SECTION Ⅰ： 英译中 A abortion 人工流产、堕胎 abuse of power 滥用职权 academic society 学术社团 altruism 利他主义、利他

an aging population 人口老龄化 asylum 庇护 B

D

demography, larithmics人口学、人口统计学 size 数量

growth 增长情况 density 密度 distribution 分布

social demography 社会人口学 economic demography 经济人口学 DINK 丁克一族 discrimination 歧视

benevolent 乐善好施的

a benevolent fund 施善基金

a charitable foundation 慈善基金

eleemosynary relief施舍性的救济

philanthropic contributions慈善捐献

bigamy重婚

birth rate 人口出生率

burglar-proof door/antitheft door 防盗门

C

casuistry 判断是非

chain effect/domino effect 连锁反应、多米诺骨牌效应

charitable 慈善的、仁慈的 civic morality 社会公德

community 社区

community service 社区服务

corruption 贪污

court of ethics 道德法庭

crime 犯罪

arson纵火、纵火罪

crimes committed by Mafia-like gangs 黑恶势力犯罪

drug rehabilitation centers戒毒所

drug traffickers 毒枭

drug-related crimes 毒品犯罪

embezzlement 盗用公款

juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪

organized crime 有组织犯罪

robbery 抢劫

sexual harassment 性骚扰

shop-lifting在商店行窃

smuggling 走私

theft 偷窃行为

age discrimination 年龄歧视

discrimination against women 歧视妇女 feminism 男女平等主义、女权运动 feminist movement 女权运动

femininity 妇女特质、柔弱型、温柔 gender/sexual discrimination 性别歧视 job discrimination 工作歧视

male chauvinism 大男子主义、男权主义思想masculinity 男性阳刚之气 disparity 不一致、不同、不等 drug abuse 吸毒 E

egalitarian 主张人人平等的、平等主义 emotion quotient 情商 F

forum 论坛

favorable location 地理优势 family 家庭

immediate family 直接家庭成员

extended family 大家庭、扩大的家庭 family tree 家谱、家谱图 relative 亲属、亲戚 foster father 养父

legal guardian 法定监护人 stepmother 继母 in-law 姻亲

ex-husband 前夫

adopted daughter 养女 nephew 侄子、外甥 niece 侄女、外甥女

cousin 堂兄弟姊妹、表兄弟姊妹

G gambling 赌博

gay 同性恋者、同性恋者的 grant-in-aid 补助金、赠款 geographic location 地理位置 geographic advantage 地理优势 grey income 灰色收入 H hardened professional惯犯

have an extramarital affair/ have an ultra-marriage affairs 婚外恋

fine 罚款 jury 陪审团 juror 陪审员

life sentence 判处无期徒刑 notary 公证人 notarization 公证 M

make public expose 曝光

material/spiritual culture 物质、精神文化 minimum wage 最低工资

hedonism 享乐主义

home for the aged/ seniors‟ home 敬老院

I

illiteracy 文盲

income disparity 收入分化、贫富分化

infant mortality 婴儿死亡率

IPR/ intellectual property rights 知识产权

piracy 非法翻印、盗版

bootleg 盗版

copyright royalty 版税、版权费

fight against illegal publication 打非

underground publications 地下出版物

anti-fake label 防伪标识

L

law of the jungle 弱肉强食法则

lawsuit 诉讼

lawyer 律师

attorney 律师

appeal to a higher court 上诉

charge 控告

drop a lawsuit 撤销控告

court of appeals 上诉法庭

solicitor 初级律师，只能在低级法庭出庭的律师

suspect 犯罪嫌疑人

defendant 被告

plaintiff 起诉人、原告

capital punishment 死刑

guilty 有罪

verdict 裁决、判决书

serve one‟s term in prison 服刑

bail 保释

money worship 拜金主义 morality 道德 P

Pandora‟s box潘多拉魔盒 pluralism 多元文化论

polarization of rich and poor 贫富悬殊 popularity rate 普及率 poverty alleviation 扶贫

poverty relief office 扶贫办公室 R

racism 种族主义

acculturation 文化适应

assimilation 同化、同化作用

anti-racism education 反种族主义教育 colonialism 殖民主义 ethnic cleansing种族清理

ethnic group 同种、同文化之民族 ethnocentrism 民族优越感 race 人种

stereotype 成见

genocide 有计划的灭种和屠杀 anti-Semite反犹分子、反犹分子的 racial discrimination 种族歧视 bias 偏见

reinstatement 复员、复职 S

sabotage 阴谋破坏、怠工、破坏 single-parent family 单亲家庭 social evils 社会丑恶现象 social welfare 社会福利 food stamps 食品救济券

foreign aid 外援

medicaid 医疗补助

medicare and medicaid医保（保健医疗制度和医疗补助制度）

social security 社会保障

U

urban legend 都市传奇

V

values 价值观

vicious circle 恶性循环

virtuous circle 良性循环

保持国民经济发展的良好势头

maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy

暴发户 new rich;upstart

保护伞 protective umbrella

本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the Twelve Terrestrial Branches；

本土化localization

奔小康 strive for a relatively comfortable life

本本主义 bookishness

闭门羹 given a cold shoulder

views on life 人生观

W

way of life/ life style 生活方式

SECTION Ⅱ： 中译英 8

爱国运动 patriotic movement

AA制 Dutch treatment/ go Dutch

A 股市场 A-share market

爱国民主人士 patriotic democratic personages

爱国统一战线 patriotic united front

安家费 settling-in allowance

暗箱操作 black case work

按资排辈 to assign priority according to seniority

保证妇女、未成年人和残疾人的合法权益

protect legitimate rights and interest of women, minors and the handicapped

白热化 be white-hot

拜把兄弟 sworn brothers

摆架子 put on airs

白马王子 prince charming

拜年 pay new year‟s call

摆谱 put on airs/ show off/ keep up appearance

班车 shuttle bus

斑马线 zebra stripe

搬迁户 a relocated unit or household

半托/日托 daycare

半脱产 a partial sabbatical from work就是一边学习，一边工作。

搬运工人 transport worker

帮倒忙 trying to help but causing more trouble in the process

傍大款A girl finds a sugar daddy;be a mistress for a rich man;lean on a moneybags

包车 to charter a vehicle;a chartered vehicle 避税 evade tax

避嫌 avoid doing anything that may arouse suspicion 便当 fast food

博彩、博彩业 lottery industry

薄利多销 small profits but quick returns;small profits and good sales 残疾人 the disabled;the differently abled 成年 grow up;come of age 城市居民 city dweller;urbanite

大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age 单亲 single parent 抵制运动 boycott

吊销执照 revoke license

独生子女 the only child in one‟s family

分工协作 coordination and distribution of responsibilities 福利彩票 welfare lotteries

公民、市民 citizen;city resident 户口簿 resident‟s booklet

纪念活动 commemorative activity

家政服务 household management service 结婚 get married 离婚 divorce 再婚remarry

居委会 neighborhood committee;residence committee 流动人口 transient population 民工 migrant labor 名人celebrity

谋生 make a living

农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor 派出所 local police station

贫富分化 polarization of wealth 乞丐 beggar

弃婴 abandoned child;foundling 青春期 puberty 青少年时代 adolescence 全国人口普查 nationwide census 全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign 人口素质 quality of population 日常活动 daily activities 日常生活 daily life;everyday life 扫黄运动 anti-porn drive/campaign 社会保险 social insurance

人口自然增长 natural growth of the population 人口负增长 negative population growth 人口零增长zero population growth 生育 natality

计划生育 family planning

优生优育 better natal and prenatal care and better upbringing 生育能力 fertility

无生育力 infertile;barren;sterile 优生学 eugenics

人才 talent;talented person 社会地位 social status

社会福利彩票 social welfare lotteries

社会稳定 social stability

社交 socialize

社交活动 social activities

渗透、颠覆和分裂活动 infiltrative, subversive and splittist activities

生活津贴 allowance for living expenses ??

生活困难 be badly off

生活条件 living conditions

适者生存 survival of the fittest

寿命 life span

水货 smuggled goods

送温暖工程 heart-warming project

提高思想道德素质 upgrade the ideological and ethical standards

体力劳动 physical labor;manual work

体育彩票 sports lotteries

同胞 compatriot

文明祥和 civility and harmony

务工农民 migrant rural workers

希望工程 Hope Project

选民 voter;electorate

严重暴力犯罪 violent crimes

移民 immigrant

优秀传统 fine tradition

暂住证 temporary residence permit

职称 professional title

人口 population

人口控制 population control

人口质量 population quality

人口密度 population density

人口结构 population composition 人才库 talent bank;brain bank 人才交流talent exchange 人才流动talent flow 人才市场 talent market 人才流失 brain bleed 人才外流brain drain

人才断层 gap in talents ???

历史上的社会制度 social systems in history 25：23 史学 science of history 原始社会 primitive society 母系社会 matriarchal society 父系社会 patriarchal society 奴隶社会 slave society 封建社会 feudal society

资本主义社会 capitalist society 社会主义社会 socialist society 共产主义社会 communist society 社会制度 social systems 君主制monarchy

议会制 parliamentarism

民主集中制 democratic centralism 所有制 system of ownership 公有制 public ownership 私有制 private ownership

全民所有制 ownership by the whole people 集体所有制 collective ownership

中国历史上的一些重大事件 major events in Chinese history

秦始皇统一中国 unification of the country by Emperor Qin Shi Huang 鸦片战争 Opium War

太平天国 Tianping Heavenly Kingdom 戊戌变法 the reform movement of 1898

辛亥革命 the 1911 revolution

新民主主义革命 new democratic revolution

五四运动 the May 4th of 1919

南昌起义 Nanchang Uprising

9.18事变 September 18th incident

长征 Long March

西安事变 Xi‟an Incident

卢沟桥事变 Lugouqiao Incident

南京大屠杀 Nanking massacre1937

抗日战争 war of resistance against Japan

authorization bill授权书 B

bad loans不良贷款 banking银行业

bankruptcy protection破产保护 boom迅速发展 brand names品牌 budget预算

budget deficit预算赤字 budget surplus预算盈余

解放战争 Chinese people‟s war of liberation

土地改革 land reform;Agrarian reform

整风运动 rectification movement

大跃进 the Great Leap Forward

文化大革命 the cultural revolution

十一届三中全会 the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee

CHAPTER 2 REFORM & ECONOMY经济与改革

SECTION Ⅰ： 英译中15

A

a prudent monetary policy 稳健的货币政策

absolute advantage绝对优势

accounting会计学、账目清算、财会

accountant会计

accounting fraud作假帐

accounting scandal财务丑闻

financial statement财务报表

keep the public informed of the financial affairs财务公开

acquire购置、获取、购买、取得所有权

acquisition of assets购置资产

active balance顺差

aggregate demand 总需求

aggregate supply 总供给

allocation of financial resources金融资源配置

ample supply 供应充裕

an average annual increase/ annual return年均利润

anti-dumping measures 反倾销措施

areas for the market access市场准入领域

asset资产

associate company 联营公司

autarky 自给自足、经济独立

budgetary items预算项目 business cycle商业周期 business fraud商业欺诈

business mechanism创业机制

business prototype商业原型、商业模型 C

capital 资本、资金、资产 capital flow资金流量 cash bonuses现金奖励 cash flow 现金流量 cashier's check 本票

certificated public accountant注册会计师 commerce clause 商业条款 commercialization 商品化 commodity商品

common law习惯法、不成文法 company公司

corporate 公司、企业

conglomerate company集团企业、跨行业大企业firm公司，尤指合股合伙公司 enterprise企业、公司、事业 business 工商企业、商务业务

establishment公司、企业、商业机构 house 商业机构、出版公司 outfit 企业、商业组织 venture企业

comparative advantage相对优势

competition and comparison竞争比较 competition mechanism竞争机制 competition竞争 contract 合同

consumer‟s association消费者协会 consumer confidence消费者信心 consumer expectations消费预期 conventional industries传统产业 core competitiveness核心竞争力 cost 成本

cost effectiveness成本效应 cutting edge优势 D dealer经销商

emerging market新兴市场

employment insurance就业保险金

annexation and reorganization of enterprises企业兼并重组 corporate/ entrepreneurial culture企业文化 corporate/ enterprise image企业形象 cross-national corporation跨国公司

enterprising spirit;pioneering spirit创业精神 entrepreneur企业家

entrepreneurship企业家身份

foreign capital enterprise外资企业

deflation通货紧缩

deposit定金、保证金

deprecation 贬值

depression萧条、经济不景气的一段时间

duate 贬值

discount rate贴现率

distribution 流通分配

diversification of investment投资多元化

double, triple, quadruple两倍、三倍、四倍

E

economic globalization 经济全球化

economic growth经济增长

economic leverage经济杠杆作用

economic regulation经济调节

economic returns经济回报、经济效应

economics经济学

economic ills经济弊病

effective corporate management有效的公司管理

loose and tight management张弛有度的 PR（the public relation）公关

risk management风险管理

transparency management透明管理

the two-tier management system双层管理体制

top-down management自上而下的管理模式

make one‟s own management decisions自主经营

managerial and technical staff管理技术人员

managerial expertise管理知识

elasticity弹性、可塑性、灵活度

electronic dealing电子交易

electronic business电子商务

elite精英

foreign invested venture外资企业 individual initiative个人主动性 initial capital 启动资金

listing of a company 企业上市 multinational corporation跨国公司 team spirit团队精神 transformation转型

transnational corporation跨国公司 registered capital注册资本

overseas funded enterprises外资企业 F

fair competition公平竞争 federation 联邦

financial fraud金融欺诈 financial crisis金融危机 financial market金融市场 bullion market金银买卖市场 cash market现金市场 debt market债务市场 discount market贴现市场 equity market股本市场

foreign exchange and derivatives market外汇及衍生产品市场foreign exchange market外汇市场 global financial system全球金融体系 insurance market保险市场 securities market证券市场 fiscal 财政的

fiscal and monetary levers财经和货币杠杆 fiscal budget财政预算

fiscal policy财经政策、财务方针 fiscal year 财政

fiscal lever财政杠杆 fiscal levy财政税收

financial deficit财政赤字 fiscal revenue财政收入 national revenue财政收入 fixed assets固定资产

fund capital/venture capital 资金、资本、风险资金 future market 期货市场 G generate profit创利

equipment manufacturing industry装备制造业 heavy industry重工业

information industry信息产业

knowledge-intensive industry知识密集性产业 light industry轻工业 lottery industry博彩业

manufacturing industry制造业 monopoly industries垄断行业 rubber industry橡胶工业 secondary industry第二产业

GNP at factor cost按成本要素计算的国内生产总值

go public上市

go to chapter 11申请破产保护

go under倒闭

government spending政府开支

grey income灰色收入

Great Depression 大萧条

Gross domestic product 国内生产总值

Gross national product 国民生产总值

H

head-hunter 猎头公司

hedge保护、防御手段

hedge fund对冲基金

high return高收益、高回报

holiday economy假日经济

human capital 人力资本

hyper-inflation恶性通货膨胀

I

immediate yield直接汇报

incentive动力

industry工业、产业、行业

advertising industry广告业

aerospace industry 航空和航天工业

aircraft industry飞机制造工业

basic industry基础工业、重工业

book industry图书出版业

brewing industry啤酒酿造工业、酿制工业

capital-and-technology-intensive industries资金技术密集型产业

car industry汽车制造工业

electronic industry电子工业

entertainment industry娱乐业

service industry developing in all areas 服务业全面发展 textile industry纺织行业 tertiary industry第三产业 tourist industry旅游业 industrialization 工业化 infrastructure基础设施 interest cut降息

interest group利益集团 interest rate 利率

international competitiveness 国际竞争力 international settlement国际结算 J

joint effort共同努力 joint venture合资企业 joint stock system股份制 K

Keynes 凯恩斯

Keynesian theory凯恩斯经济理论 L

labor 劳动力

labor intensive industries劳动密集型产业 late charge 滞纳金 leasing 出租业务 legal person法人

legitimacy合理性、合法性

legitimate rights and interests正当权益 liability of fault过失责任

limited liability corporation有限责任公司 listed companies上市公司 logistics物流 M

M&A Macroeconomic control 宏观调控 Macroeconomics宏观经济学

make ends meet收支平衡、日子过得去 marginal return边际报酬 market市场

market diversification市场多元化 market economy市场经济

market intelligence 市场情报、市场调查 market saturation市场饱和

patent专利

patent grant专利许可 patent law专利法规 pension退休金、养老金

per capita GDP人均国内生产总值 per capita income 人均收入 performance业绩

plunge;dip;down 猛跌、小跌、下跌 portfolio一组投资 positioning定位

market share市场占有率、市场份额

market supervision 市场监管

marketization市场化

market-oriented employment mechanisms市场导向的就业机制

mass production批量生产

mechanism机制

merger合并

merger and bankruptcy兼并破产

merit价值

microeconomics微观经济学

modern market economy现代市场经济

monetary货币的

European monetary integration欧洲货币一体化

convertible currency可兑换货币

monetary lever货币杠杆

monetary policy 货币政策

monetization货币化

withdrawal of currency from circulation货币回笼

monopoly垄断

multi-functionality多功能性

multi-lateral trade negotiation多边贸易谈判

O

old age pension养老保险制度

oligarchy寡头政治、寡头政治的执政团

oligopoly求过于供的市场情况

on-the-job training 岗位培训

opportunity cost机会成本

optimize优化

overheating过热

P

paragon模范、典范

potential market潜在市场

practical productive forces现实生产力 primary productive forces第一生产力

printing and packaging business 包装印刷业 private enterprise私营企业 private property私人财产 private sector私营部分 privatization私有化 produce农产品 productivity生产力 profit利润

promotion促销 propaganda宣传

proprietary intellectual property rights自主知识产权protectionism保护主义 public sector公共部门 public services公共服务 purchasing power购买力 Q

quality control质检 R

raffle 抽奖售货

real economy实体经济 recession 衰退、不景气 regime政权、机制 rent 租金

regional protectionism地方保护主义 resources资源

restructure改组、重组 retail gap零售空间 S

saturation;be saturated n./ adj.饱和 sales volume n.销售额 satellite town n.卫星城 savings n.储蓄

scale operation n.规模经营 scarcity n.缺乏 securities n.证券

stock , bond, securities 股票，债券，证券

securities, options and futures 证券、期权及期货 A share A股

speculative ad,j.投机性的 stabilize prices v.稳定物价

start / build… from scratch v.从零开始； 白手起家 storage and transport n.储运

strategic planning n.战略部署，战略计划 strong（currency）adj.（货币）坚挺 strong demand n.需求强劲 subsidy n.补助金，津贴 sunrise industry n.朝阳产业 sunset industry n.夕阳产业

B share B 股

bear market 熊市

bull market 牛市

China's Securities Regulatory Commission（csrc）中国证监会

joint stock company 参股公司

long-term government bonds 长期国债

long-term treasury bonds for construction 长期建设国债

rally 反弹，股市价格和成交额在下跌后显着的上升

the Dow Jones industrial average 道琼斯工业指数

the Nasdaq composite index 纳斯达克综合指数

the Nikkei average 日京指数

s & p（Standard and Poor's composite Index））标准普尔指数

London SE（stock exchange）伦敦证券交易所

New York se 纽约证券交易所

Shanghai se 上海证券交易所

Shenzhen se 深圳证券交易所

seeking financing by listing on the stock market 上市融资

securities investment 证券投资

state stock reduction;reduce state's stake in listed companies 国有股减持

state-held shares 国有股

stock index 股票指数

stock option 股票期权

treasury bonds（t-bonds）国库券

the securities and futures ordinance（sfo）证券及期货条例

separation of powers n.权利分离

SEC（securities and exchange commission）（美）证券交易委员会

slump n./v.（经济）衰退，滑坡

soar / surge / climb n./v.（价格）上涨

soho（small office;home office）soho一族（小型办公室和家庭办公室）

solvency [ ] n.偿付能力

sources of investment n.投资主体

supply n.供给

supply side economics n.供方经济学 T-hour service n.全天候服务 tangible benefits n.实惠

technology-intensive product n.技术密集产品 tender-invitation n.招商

the distribution（allocation）of resources n.资源配置 the economic structure n.经济结构 the industrial structure n.产业结构

the macro-control system n.宏观调控体系 the market system n.市场体系 the open economy n.开放型经济

the order of the market economy n.市场经济秩序 the potentially largest market潜在的最大市场 the world trade organization世贸组织 trade n./v.贸易

ASEAN（Association of South-East Asian Nations）东南亚国家联盟ASEAN Free Trade Area 东盟自由贸易区 EU（European Union）欧盟

chamber of import and export trade 进出口商会 diary product 奶制品

durable consumer goods, consumer durables 耐用消费品 FMCG（fast-moving consumer goods）快速消费品 grassland farming 牧业 horticultural product 园艺品 ice-free harbor 不冻港

L/C（letter of credit）信用证 lamb 羊羔

milk powder奶粉 mutton 羊肉

produce 农产品

protectionism 保护主义 quotation of prices 报价单 retail market 零售市场

sea and air shipping service 海上和空中运输服务 single-product export country 单一产品出口国 steel 钢铁

the most competitive products 拳头产品 timber 木材

timber product 木器

SECTION Ⅱ： 中译英30

按劳分配 distribution according to one‟s performance 按资排辈 to assign priority according to seniority 保税区bounded zone

奔小康 strive for relatively comfortable life 博鳌亚洲论坛Boao Forum for Asia 不良贷款 bad loans

产品本土化 product localization 产业不景气 industrial depression

产业的升级换代 upgrading of industries trade balance 贸易平衡

trade bloc 贸易集团（如：欧盟）

trade conflicts 贸易冲突

trade in commodities and services 商品和服务贸易

trade monopolies and regional blockades 行业垄断和地区封锁

trade sanction 贸易制裁

trade deficit（surplus）贸易逆差 / 顺差

trade volume 贸易额

wholesale market 批发市场

wool export 羊毛出口

traditional industries n.传统产业

transaction n.交易

triple n./v./adj.增长两倍

turnover n.销售额

TV shots n.电视广告

TQC（Total Quality Control）n.全面质量管理

U

unemployment insurance失业保险

unemployment rate失业率

urban economics城市经济学

utility设施

V

venture capital风险资金

veto 否决

vicious circle恶性循环

Virtual Economy虚拟经济

virtuous circle良性循环

W

welfare state福利国家

work force职工总数、劳动力

world multi-polarization世界多极化

产业格局 industrial pattern

产业结构升级 upgrading of an industrial structure 超负荷运转 overloaded operation 承包责任制 the contract responsibility 城市经济学 urban economics

城乡居民收入 income of urban and rural residents 城镇化 urbanization

城镇居民可支配收入 urban per capita disposable income 持续快速健康发展 sustained, rapid and sound development 充足的发展空间 ample room for development 重复生产 duplication of production 出口加工区 export processing zone

出口商品和服务 goods and services for export 储运 storage and transport 传统产业 traditional industries

传销 pyramid sales;multi-level marketing 创业机制business mechanism

刺激经济活动 stimulate economic activities 刺激有效需求 stimulate effective demand

促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy 大幅度跃升 rise by a big margin 大开发 the large-scale development 带动经济增长 spur economic growth 独资公司 exclusively-funded venture 翻两番 quadruple

繁荣与稳定 prosperity and stability

非公有制经济 non-public sectors of the economy 风险资金 venture capital 房地产 real estate 首付 down-payment 业主 home owner

房产权威部门 housing authority

住房贷款 housing loan

房屋空置率 housing vacancy rate

个人购房贷款 individual housing loan

按揭 mortgage

物业 property management

房地产开发商 real estate developer

未售出的存量房 stockpile of unsold houses

房契、产权 title

改革的力度 the momentum of reform

改组、重组 restructure

高新技术产业 high and new technology industries

个人消费贷款 individual consumption loan

个体、私营 self-employed or private enterprises

更具活力更加开放的经济体系 a more open and viable economic system

工业园区 industrial park

公司法人责任制 the corporate legal person responsibility system

公投 referendum

公有制经济 the public sector of the economy

股份制 joint-stock system

固定资产投资 investment in the fixed assets

国际信托投资 international trust and investment

国民经济 the national economy

国民经济的支柱 pillar of the national economy

国民经济命脉 the lifeline of the national economy

国有经济的布局和结构 layout and structure of the state sector

国有企业 state-owned enterprises（SOE）

国有企业改革和发展 the reform and development of state-owned enterprises

合法经营 lawful business operations

黑市 black market

基础设施 infrastructure

减员增效downsize staffs and improve efficiency

节约的，经济的economical

经济弊病economic ills

经济带economic belts

经济发展的良好势头a good momentum of economic growth

经济杠杆作用economic leverage

经济结构战略性调整strategic adjustment of the economic structure

经济全球化 economic globalization

经济特区 special economic zones（SEZ）

经济文化交流 economic and cultural exchanges

经济效益好 good economic returns

经济增长 economic growth

经济总量 economic aggregate

可持续发展 sustainable development

跨越式发展 leapfrog development

扩大内需 expand domestic demand

拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth

劳动力 labor

劳务输出 export of labor services

两岸经济合作 cross-straits economic cooperation

民营科技企业 non-public scientific and technological enterprises

南北差距 the north-south gap

农村富余劳动力 surplus rural labor

农业的市场竞争力 competitiveness of agriculture in the market

泡沫经济bubble economy

贫富悬殊 income disparity

贫困地区 impoverished areas

贫困人口 impoverished people

瓶颈制约 bottleneck restrictions

取得领先地位 assume leadership

取缔非法收入 outlaw illegal gains

人民币非常坚挺 the RMB is very strong/ firm

三资企业（中外合资企业、中外合作企业、外商独资企业）

Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative businesses and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises in China

社会经济稳定 social and economic stability

社会就业比较充分a higher rate of employment

社会生产落后 the backwardness of social production

社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy

社会主义现代化建设 socialist modernization

深化国有企业改革to deepen SOE（state-owned enterprises）reform

生活富裕 an affluent life

世界经济波动world economic fluctuations

市场经济秩序 the order of the market economy

市政工程 municipal works;public works

试点工程、试点项目 pilot project

收入悬殊 excessive disparity in income

私营部分 private sector

私营企业 private enterprise

商业银行 commercial banks 建设银行 construction bank 工商银行 industrial & commercial bank 中国银行 bank of China 农业银行 agricultural bank 交通银行bank of communications 招商银行 merchants bank 税收taxation 农业税 agricultural tax 保税区 bonded area 消费税 consumption tax 个人所得税 personal income tax 财产税 property tax 保护关税 protective duty/tariff 岁入税；关税收入revenue tax 营业税 sales tax 关税 tariff 逃税、漏税 tax evasion 免税期 tax holiday 纳税人 tax payer 税收政策 tax policy 税收减除 tax relief 脱贫致富shake off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 拓宽消费领域expand the scope of consumption 投资 investment 投资地点investment destination 投资环境investment environment 投资机构investment institutions 投资热investment fever 投资者investor 投资政策investment policy W 外商直接投资foreign direct investment 外向型经济outward-looking economy 外资企业overseas-funded enterprises;foreign-funded company 完善的社会主义市场经济体制full-fledged socialist market economy 温饱 having only adequate food and clothing 稳定物价 stabilize prices 稳健的货币政策the sound monetary policy 外汇 foreign exchange 外汇储备 reign exchange reserves 外汇管理局 SAFE（State Administration of Foreign Exchange）

外汇管制 foreign exchange control

外汇汇率 foreign exchange rate

外商直接投资 direct foreign investment

X

西部地区China's western region

西部大开发 the large-scale development of China‟s western region

下岗失业人员再就业reemploy laid-off workers

消费需求的不足insufficient consumer spending

消费者权益日 International Day for Consumers' Rights and Interests

国际交流和合作international exchanges and cooperation

新的经济增长点new growth areas in the economy

需求疲软weak demand

Y

亚洲金融危机the Asian financial crisis

衣食住用行food, clothing, housing, transport and daily necessities

优化消费结构optimize the consumption structure

Z

招商inviting tenders;leasing

振兴装备制造业revival of the equipment manufacturing industry

政府资助项目government-sponsored programs

质检QC（quality check）

中部地区the central region

中长期国外投资medium-and long-term foreign investment

中国出口商品交易会（广交会）China Export Commodities Fair（Guangzhou Fair）

中国加入世贸组织China's entry into the WTO

中国购物中心论坛 China Shopping Center Forum

中国电信 China Telecom

中国联通 China Unicom

中国移动 China Mobile

中信（中国国际信托投资公司）Citic group

中央银行 the Central Bank / PBOC

专卖店 exclusive agency;franchised store

资源消耗低low resources consumption

资源优化配置 optimize resource allocation

自负盈亏responsible for one's own profits and losses

自给自足autarky

自由贸易free trade

自由贸易区free trade zone

自由职业人员free-lance professionals

重点项目 key project

国家重点工程national key projects

南水北调 South-to-North water diversion

西电东送 West-East electricity transmission project

西气东输 West-East natural gas transmission project

第三章 文化，艺术，娱乐

Section I 英译中

音乐

aria n.独唱曲，咏叹调

background music n.背景音乐

band n.乐队

baritone n.男中音

bass n.低音部，男低音，低音乐器

beat n.节奏，鼓点

brass n.铜管乐器，或铜管乐队

Broadway musicals n.百老汇音乐剧

canon n.卡农，一种乐曲形式，其中同样的旋律被一个或多个声部重复，同一调或相关调彼此在时间上重合 chord n.和弦，和音

composer n.作家，作曲家

concerto n.协奏曲

conductor n.管弦乐队、合唱队指挥

contemporary music n.当代音乐

crescendo n.声音渐增，渐强

decrescendo n.渐弱

dissonanc n.不谐和音，不一致

duet n.二重奏

finale n.（戏剧的）最后一场，结局，终曲，（电视剧）最后一集

flat n.[音]降半音

fox trot n.狐步舞，狐步舞曲

fugue n.[音]赋格曲

genre n.类型，流派

acid jazz 酸性爵士

alternative 另类（非主流）音乐，如gay music（同性恋音乐）

bluegrass 蓝草音乐--起源于美国南方的民间音乐，特色为音乐轻快和象爵士乐那样即兴演奏

blues 布鲁斯歌曲（蓝调音乐）

Celtic 凯尔特音乐（尤指爱尔兰风格）

classical 古典乐

country 乡村音乐

dance 劲爆蹦迪音乐

easy listening轻音乐

electronica 电子音乐

environmental music 环境音乐

experimental 实验音乐

folk 民族音乐

fusion 融合音乐

heavy metal / hard rock 重金属摇滚

hip-hop / urban 嘻蹦乐，又译嘻哈

house 电子乐的一种（注：Hip Hop或Rap源于纽约黑人区，House Music源于芝加哥，但多为白人所作，同时House Music主要为强调Bass Line及Drums的音乐花招，并不涉及文化觉醒或社会运动等主题。）

Indie-Rock独立音乐（属于另类音乐）

jazz 爵士乐

Jazz Blues 爵士布鲁斯

Latin 拉丁乐

musicals 音乐剧

New Age 新时代乐风--以在某些乐器上宁静的即兴创作为特征的现代音乐，例如风琴、吉它或合成器。以梦幻般的悦耳音乐和民族器乐的乐风而闻名

Punk /New wave 朋克 / 新浪潮

R & B 节奏布鲁斯

Rap 说唱

Reggae 雷鬼乐，一种风格独特的牙买加音乐

Retro 怀旧音乐

Soft rock 慢摇滚

soul music（美国黑人）爵士灵歌，结合了福音唱诗以及节奏布鲁斯音乐的特点

soundtrack 电影配乐

swing 摇摆乐，形成于1935年前后的一种流行舞蹈音乐，以爵士乐为基础，但运用更简单的和声和节奏形式以及更大的管乐队

Techno 强烈动感的电子音乐

Trance 非常Hi的电子舞曲，迷幻电子乐

gospel n.福音音乐

harmony n.[音]和弦，和声，悦耳的声音组合 hymn n.赞美诗，圣歌v.唱赞美歌

improvisation n.即席创作

lip synching v./n.对口型，假唱

lyrics n.抒情诗，歌词

march n.[音] 进行曲

melody n.旋律

opera n.歌剧

opus n.作品

orchestra n.管弦乐队

a large musical ensemble consisting of string, woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments

percussion n.打击乐器，鼓点

polka n.波尔卡舞曲

pop music n.流行音乐，通俗音乐

quartet n.四重奏，四重唱

Renaissance n.文艺复兴，有文艺复兴时期的艺术风格的音乐

the period in Western Europe from 1400-1600;the style of music from this period

repertoire n.（准备好演出的）节目，保留剧目

an inventory of compositions mastered and performed by a musician or ensemble

Requiem Mass n.安魂曲

a Mass for the dead

rhumba n.（=rumba）伦巴舞蹈，伦巴乐曲

a ballroom dance based on the Afro Cuban rumba

rhythm n.节奏，韵律

rock n.摇滚乐

salsa n.萨尔萨舞曲，拉丁美洲一种流行舞曲

samba n.桑巴舞（一种源自非洲的巴西舞）

score n.乐谱

solo n.独奏曲，独唱

sonata n.[音]奏鸣曲

a multimovement composition for solo instrument, or instruments and keyboard accompaniment

soprano n.女高音

symphony n.交响乐，交响曲

tango n.探戈

an Argentinean dance in duple meter with long, gliding steps

tempo n.（音乐）速度、拍子，发展速度

the speed of the music, based on the beat

tenor n.[音] 男高音

a high pitched male voice

theme n.[音] 主题，主题曲，主旋律

theme and variations n.[音]主题与变奏

trio n.三重唱

vocal range n.音域

waltz n.华尔兹舞，华尔兹舞曲

SECTION II: 中译英

2.1 中国文化

四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China

[扩展]

火药gunpowder

印刷术 printing

造纸术paper-making

指南针the compass

中国古代哲学家 Ancient Chinese Philosophers

孔子 Confucius

孟子Mencius

老子 Lao Tzu

庄子Chuang Tzu

墨子Mo Tzu

孙子Sun Tzu

（注：see attached for famous quotations of Ancient Chinese Philosophers 引言见附录）

道Tao , “the way”，the principle of the workings of the universe

仁 humaneness（also mean: humanity, benevolence, goodness, virtue）

四书The Four Books

《大学 》The Great Learning

《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean

《论语》The Analects of Confucius

《孟子》The Mencius

书法五大书体five major styles of calligraphy

篆书 seal script / seal character

隶书 official script / clerical script

行书 running script / semi-cursive script

草书 cursive script

楷书 regular script / standard script

中国画 traditional Chinese painting

水墨画Chinese brush painting;ink and wash painting

工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting

六艺： six classical arts

[扩展]

礼rites

乐music

射archery

御riding

书writing

数arithmetic

孙子兵法The Art of War

汉字 Chinese character

（汉字）笔画 stroke

偏旁部首 radical

书写体系 writing system

汉藏语系Sino-Tibetan

汉学家Sinologist / Sinologue

中国热 Sinomania

同宗同源 of the same origin

华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors

单音节 single syllable

汉语有 “合理的逻辑性” Chinese language is “soberly logical”（Edward Sapir, American linguist）

汉语四声调the four tones of Chinese characters

level tone阳平

rising tone阴平

falling-rising tone上声

falling tone去声

武术 martial art

中国武术 Kung fu

武术门派 styles or schools of martial art

习武健身practice martial art for fitness

古代格斗术ancient form of combat

中国武术协会 Chinese Martial Art Association

武林高手top martial artist

气功Qigong, deep breathing exercises

柔道 judo

空手道Karate

跆拳道tae kwon do

拳击boxing

摔跤wrestling

击剑fencing

仗剑走天涯walk the earth（with a sword）

武侠小说 tales of roving knights;kung fu novels

中国文学Chinese literature

《三国演义》Three Kingdoms

《西游记》 Journey to the West;Pilgrimage to the West

《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions

《山海经》 the Classic of Mountains and Rivers

《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror；Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers

《西厢记》 the Romance of West Chamber

《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes;Tales of the Water Margin

《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio;Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio

《围城》Fortress Besieged

《阿Q正传》 The True Story of Ah Q

春秋 the Spring and Autumn Annals

史记 Historical Records

诗经 The Books of Songs；the Book of Odes

书经 The Books of History

易经 I Ching;the Book of Changes

礼记 the Book of Rites

孝经Book of Filial Piety

三字经 three-character scripture； three-word chant

八股文 eight-part essay;stereotyped writing

五言绝句 five-character quatrain

七言律诗 seven-character octave

中国建筑 Chinese architecture

四合院 quadrangle, the traditional Chinese single-story houses with rows of rooms around the four sides of a courtyard

蒙古包（Mongolian）yurt

碑刻，碑文，碑铭inscriptions on a tablet

碑林the forest of steles, tablet forest

道观Taoist temple

殿hall

烽火台 beacon tower

鼓楼 drum tower

华表 ornamental column

回廊corridor

祭坛 altar

假山rockeries

角楼watchtower

廊 corridor

牌楼 pailou, decorated archway

桥bridges

石舫 stone boat

石窟 grotto

水榭 pavilion on the water

塔 pagoda;tower

台 terrace

坛altar

亭阁 pavilion

钟楼 bell tower

柱pillar, column, post 陵墓 emperor‟s mausoleum/tomb

重要文化遗产major cultural heritage 优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts 文物cultural relics 中国结 Chinese knot 旗袍Cheongsam 中山装Chinese tunic suit 唐装traditional Chinese garments（clothing），Tang suit 景泰蓝cloisonné

朝廷使者 royal court envoy 文人 men of letters 雅士 refined scholars 文化产业culture industry 文化底蕴cultural deposits 文化事业cultural undertaking 文化交流cross-cultural communication 文化冲突culture shock 民族文化national culture 民间文化folk culture 城镇文化urban culture 乡村文化rural culture 当地文化native culture 表演艺术performing art 现代流行艺术popular art, pop art 纯艺术high art 高雅艺术refined art 电影艺术cinematographic art 戏剧艺术theatrical art [扩展] 生（男性正面角色）male（the positive male role）

旦（女性正面角色）female（the positive female role）

净（性格鲜明的男性配角）a supporting male role with striking character 丑（幽默滑稽或反面角色）a clown or a negative role 花脸painted role 独角戏 monodrama；one-man show 歌舞喜剧musical 滑稽场面，搞笑小噱头shtick 滑稽短剧skit 京剧票友 amateur performer of Beijing Opera / Peking Opera fan 京剧人物脸谱Peking Opera Mask 口技 ventriloquism

木偶戏 puppet show

旁白voice over

皮影戏 shadow play;leather-silhouette show

说书 story-telling

叠罗汉 make a human pyramid

折子戏 opera highlights

踩高跷stilt walk

哑剧 pantomime;mime

哑剧演员 pantomimist

戏剧小品 skit

马戏circus show

单口相声monologue comic talk, standup comedy

特技表演stunt

相声witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk

杂技 acrobatics

京韵大鼓the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment

秦腔shaanxi opera

篆刻sealcutting

阴文characters cut in intaglio

阳文characters cut in relief

图章 seal

刻刀graver

拓碑 making rubbings from stone inscriptions

拓片 rubbing

工艺，手艺 workmanship / craftsmanship

手工艺品 handicraft

木雕wood carving

黄杨木雕boxwood craft

雕漆carved lacquerware

石雕stone carving

微雕 miniature engraving

象牙雕ivory carving

竹雕bamboo engraving

贝雕shell carving

冰雕 ice sculpture

彩塑painted sculpture

瓷釉enamel

刺绣embroidery

卷轴scroll

蜡染batik

泥人 clay figure

漆画lacquer painting

漆器Lacquer ware

青瓷色Celadon

双面绣two-sided embroidery

水墨画Landscape/ ink painting

苏绣Suzhou embroidery

檀香扇sandalwood fan

唐三彩Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

陶器 pottery

制陶业Ceramics

文房四宝The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study---a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper

砚刻inkslab engraving

宜兴陶Yixing pottery

折扇Folding fan

枝编工艺Wickerwork

织锦，挂毯Tapestry

纸工艺品papier mache

中国画Chinese painting

民间传说 folklores

寓言fable

传说 legend

神话mythology

玉皇大帝God of Heaven

八仙 the Eight Immortals

嫦娥 Chang‟e, the Chinese moon goddess

伏羲 Fu Xi, God of Fishery and Husbandry

福禄寿三星god of fortune, god of prosperity, god and longevity

财神 god of fortune

灶神 god of the kitchen

共工 Gonggong, God of Water

后羿 Houyi（a legendary hero who shot down nine suns）

黄帝 Yellow Emperor

夸父 Kuafu（a fabled sun-chasing giant）

女娲 Nuwa : a goddess who patches up the sky

盘古 Pan Gu , creator of the universe

神农 Patron of Agriculture

禹 Yu , the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty

祝融 Zhurong, God of Fire

古为今用，洋为中用make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china 赋诗inscribe a poem

对对联matching an antithetical couplet

阳历Solar calendar

公历Gregorian calendar

阴历Lunar calendar

天干heavenly stem

地支earthly branch

闰年leap year

二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms

十二生肖zodiac

Rat 鼠

Ox 牛

Tiger 虎

Hare 兔

Dragon 龙

Snake 蛇

Horse 马

Sheep 羊

Monkey 猴

Rooster 鸡

Dog 狗

Pig猪

猴年 year of monkey

本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches

传统节日traditional holidays

春节 Spring Festival

拜年pay a New Year visit

爆竹，鞭炮firecracker

除夕 Eve of Chinese New Year

春联 Spring couplets

辞旧迎新 ring out the old year and ring in the new

饺子 Jiaozi, boiled dumpling

锅贴 pot sticker

庙会 temple fair

鸣钟辞旧岁ring out the old year

年画（traditional）New Year pictures

年夜饭 the Eve Feast;family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year‟s Eve

年终大扫除 year-end household cleaning

守岁 stay up late on the New Year‟s Eve

团圆饭 family reunion dinner

压岁钱 New Year gift-money;money given to children as a New Year gift

舞龙dragon dance

元宵节 Lantern Festival（15th day of the first lunar month）

元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings

花灯festival lantern

灯谜lantern riddle

狮子舞 lion dance

踩高跷stilt walking

清明节 Pure Brightness Festival / Tomb-sweeping Day（April the 5th）

扫墓sweep tomb sites of loved ones

古文明研究中心 Research Center for Ancient Civilizations 中外学者 Chinese and overseas scholars 考古学家 archaeologists 人类学家 anthropologist 历史学家 historian 地理学家geographer

江南水乡 the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River 水乡景色 riverside scenery 2.2 体育，娱乐

2008夏季奥运会 2008 summer Olympics

祭祖offer sacrifices to the ancestors

踏青go for an outing in spring

端午节 Dragon Boat Festival（5th of the fifth lunar month）

赛龙舟dragon boat race

粽子 zongzi（pyramid-shaped dumpling made by glutinous rice wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves）

Departed soul 亡灵

忠臣loyal minister

诗人屈原Quyuan the poet

中秋节 Moon Festival / Mid-Autumn Day（15th of the eight lunar month）

月饼 mooncake

赏月 appreciate the glorious full moon

团圆 reunion

桂花 sweet osmanthus

重阳节 Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day

赏菊 admire the beauty of chrysanthemum

登高 climb mountain

中药TCM traditional Chinese medicine（详见HEALTH一章）

秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin

皇太后 Empress Dowager

汉高祖刘邦founder of the Han Dynasty（206BC-220AD）

成吉思汗 Genghis Khan;Temujin

才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies

文明摇篮 cradle of civilization

夏朝 Xia Dynasty

明清两代（of）Ming and Qing dynasties

中华文明 Chinese civilization

文明摇篮 cradle of civilization

地名：特别注意四川和陕拼法

四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan

陕西 Shaanxi 主办2008年奥运会 host the 2008 Olympic Games 奥运会火炬 Olympic torch 奥运村 Olympic village 奥运选手 Olympian

奥运会核心精神 the core spirit of the Olympic games 更快、更高、更强 Citius, Altius, Fortius 东道国 host country 主办城市 host city

冬奥会 Olympic Winter Games

国际奥委会 IOC（International Olympic Committee）会歌 anthem 会徽 emblem 申办 bid

申办成功 win the bidding 板球 criket

公开赛 open / open tournament 锦标赛 championships

国家体育总局 State Physical Culture Administration 健美运动 bodybuilding 教练 coach / trainer 举重 weight lifting 马术 equitation

球类运动 ball games 赛马 horse race 射击 shooting 射箭 archery

室内运动 indoor sports 室外运动 outdoor sports

体育道德、运动家精神 sportsmanship 田径 track and field 跳高 high jump

跳远 long jump

马拉松 marathon

职业选手 professional athlete

自行车赛 cycling

跨栏 hurdle race

体操 gymnastics

接力赛 relay race

冰球 hockey

娱乐 recreation / entertainment

[扩展]

豆沙sweet bean paste 蛋黄egg yolk

咸蛋黄 marinated egg yolk 海鲜seafood 扇贝scallop 大葱scallion 葱green onion 肉馅minced meat 鱼糜minced fillet 虾糜minced shrimp

《伯尔尼公约》（有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约）Berne Convention

比基尼 bikini

茶道 sado

敞蓬车 convertible

宠物医院 pet clinic

传媒 media

吹风会 briefing

大开眼界 open one's eyes;broaden one's horizon;be an eye-opener

大众传媒 mass media（of communications）

发烧友 zealot;enthusiastic fan

狗仔队 paparazzo（singular），paparazzi（plural）

广告妙语 punch line

吉尼斯世界记录 Guinness Book of Records

家庭影院 home theater

票房 box office

泼水节 Water-Sprinkling Festival

群众精神文化生活people's cultural life

人体彩绘 body painting

迪斯尼乐园 Disneyland

米老鼠 Mickey mouse

唐老鸭 Donald Duck

特技演员stunt man

替身演员 stand-in;double

选美 beauty contest, beauty pageant

综艺节目 variety show

2.3 饮食文化

各大菜系 major styles of cooking / cuisine

粽子Zongzi: a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves（eaten on the Dragon Boat Festival）

月饼moon cake

蜜饯candied preserved fruit / sweetened preserved plums 饺子Jiaozi boiled dumpling 八宝饭8-treasure rice 鲤鱼carp

青鱼black carp 草鱼grass carp

欧洲鲫鱼crucian carp 鲫鱼golden carp 鲈鱼bass

桂鱼Chinese perch 石斑鱼garoupa

三文鱼/ 大麻哈鱼salmon 金枪鱼tuna 鳕鱼cod

年糕rice cakea room with one bed for one person n.单人房（一张床）

twin rooma room for two persons with a double bed n.双人房（一张床）

triple rooma room directly facing the ocean n.面朝海洋的房间

ocean view-a room from which it is possible to secure a view of the ocean（usually located on the side of the hotel）海景房

wet bar小吧台 n.（旅馆房间里有自来水和水槽的小吧台）

book/ reserve a room v.订房

booth n.餐厅中的包厢或火车座

bowling alley n.保龄球场

check in v.入住

check out v.结账、退房

close-circuit television n.闭路电视

deposit n.预定金

discotheque n.迪斯科舞厅

front desk;reception desk n.前台

gym n.健身房

hotel registration form n.旅馆登记表

karaoke n.卡拉OK

lobby n.大堂

make a reservation 预订

massage parlor n.按摩室，（挂按摩院招牌的）妓院

pool table n.台球桌

stay at v.在……下榻

2.air transportation n.空运，坐飞机旅行

connecting flight n.转接班机

direct flight n.直航（不换飞机，但中途可能有停）

electronic ticket n.电子机票

non-stop flight n.直达航班

baggage allowance n.免费行李配额

coach class n.经济舱

commercial carriers n.客运飞机，列车等

first class n.头等舱

air mile n.空英里，空中飞行的长度单位，相当于一国际海里（6,076.115英尺）

travel insurance n.旅行保险

PAI（personal accident insurance）n.人身意外伤害险

force majeure n.不可抗力（如风暴，战争等）

3.car rental n.租车

van n.厢式车； 商旅车

compact adj./ n.小型轿车

mid-sized adj.中型汽车

full-sized adj.大型轿车（六人坐）

sedan 四门轿车

convertible 敞蓬车

drop-off charge n.甲地租车，乙地还车所收取的费用

Value Added Tax（VAT）n.增值税（欧洲国家对货品和服务所课征的营业税，一般可退还给游客）

4.hotel n.旅馆

apartment hotel n.酒店式公寓

B & Bthe Sun Watching Peak

玉皇顶 Peak of the Heavenly Emperor

黄山 Mount Huangshan;Yellow Mountain 紫金山天文台 Purple Mountain Observatory 南天门The Heavenly Southern Gate 午门meridian gate

天坛 the Temple of Heaven 紫禁城the Forbidden City 故宫the Imperial Place

故宫博物院 the Palace Museum 护城河Moat 回音壁echo wall

居庸关Juyongguan pass 长寿山the longevity hill 九龙壁the nine dragon wall 黄龙洞the yellow dragon cave 大清真寺great mosque

黄帝陵Huang Di Mausoleum 十三陵Ming Tombs

中山陵Dr.Sun Yat-sen‟s Mausoleum

成吉思汗陵 Mausoleum of Genghis Khan 鲁迅故居Luxun‟s former residence（重庆）渣滓洞 Cinder Cave（重庆）红岩村 Red Crag Village（延安）宝塔山 Pagoda Hill 东方威尼斯Oriental Venice 苏州园林 Suzhou gardens 狮子林 Lion Grove Garden 怡园 Joyous Garden 留园lingering Garden

网师园 Garden of the Master of Nets

耦园（谐音偶，佳偶之意）Garden of Couple‟s Retreat西湖 West Lake 苏堤 Su Causeway

白堤 Bai Causeway

断桥 Broken Bridge

外西湖 Outer West Lake

九寨沟jiuzhaigou

布达拉宫Potala Palace

日月潭 Lake Sun Moon

3）名胜古迹places of scenic beauty and historical interests / scenic spots and historical sites

[扩展]

堡fort, fortress

避暑山庄 mountain resort 避暑胜地 summer resort 冬季旅游胜地Winter resort 度假胜地 holiday resort 佛教胜地 Buddhist resort 滑雪胜地Ski resort 冰山iceberg 火山 volcano 青山green hill

场所site, venue, locale, seat

城堡castle

长廊The Long Corridor

殿hall

拱顶vault

鼓楼 drum-tower

荷塘lotus pond

湖石假山Lakeside rocks and rockeries

祭坛 altar

角楼watchtower

九曲桥Bridge of Nine Turnings

廊 corridor

陵墓 emperor‟s mausoleum/tomb

楼 tower;mansion

牌楼pailou, decorated archway

桥bridges

水榭 pavilion on the water

塔 pagoda;tower

台 terrace

坛altar

梯staircase

亭阁 pavilion

亭台楼阁pavilions, terraces, and towers;a general reference to the elaborate Chinese architecture

溪streams

行宫A temporary imperial palace

钟楼bell-tower

柱pillar, column, post

碑刻，碑文，碑铭inscriptions on a tablet

碑林the forest of steles, tablet forest

碑座 pedestal of the tablet

壁画 murals;fresco 出土unearth

道观Taoist temple

道教名山Taoist mountain 堤防embankment 地下军团buried legion 雕塑Sculptures 雕像 statue 顶点Summit

定情之物token of love 洞穴/岩洞 cave;cavern 仿古制品 antique replica 复制品Replica

高超工艺 superior workmanship 孤柏Lone cypress

古董antique, antiquity, curio 古迹place of historical interest

古建筑群 ancient architectural / building complex 古墓 ancient tomb

古松Age-old pine trees 古玩店 antique/curio shop 国家公园 national park 海平面Sea level

号称五岳之首 rank first of the five great mountains in china 后裔Descendant 回廊corridor

甲骨文 inscription on bones and tortoiseshells 假山rockeries

建筑风格Architectural style

江南水乡 south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River 景象Spectacle

领略自然景观的魅力 appreciate the charms of natural landscape

蜜月度假胜地 honeymoon resort

名山 famous mountain / mountain resort

名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers

摩崖石刻Carved out of a cliff

瀑布 waterfall, fall

小瀑布 cascade

飞瀑plunging waterfall

曲阜Qufu

曲径winding path

人文景观places of historic figures and cultural heritage

雪山Snow-capped mountain 釉面砖Glazed tile

御花园 imperial garden

园林建筑Garden architecture 原始森林virgin forest 藻类algae

植物园botanical garden 主题公园 theme park

自然景观natural attraction;natural landscape / scenery 综合建筑building complex

人造物品Artifact

日出Sunrise

日落Sunset

溶洞water-eroded cave

溶岩景色，喀斯特地貌Karst scenery

石舫 stone boat

石灰池Calcified pond

石灰岩洞limestone cave

石窟 grotto

石牌Stone steles

石桥Stone bridge

石笋stalagmite

石像Portrait stone

世界第八大奇迹eighth wonder of the world

世界七大奇迹seven wonders of the world

世界文化遗产保护地World Heritage Sites（WHS）

世界之窗 Window of the World

书法真迹 calligraphic relics

水乡景色 riverside scenery

私家园林Private garden

四大奇观Four wonders

缩影Miniature

天下第一洞The most spectacular cave unparalleled elsewhere in the world

天下第一泉The finest spring under heaven

武当功夫 Wudang martial arts

险峰perilous peaks

香格里拉Shangri-la（earthly paradise or utopia--generally secluded and peaceful）

镶嵌inlay

修复Renovate

雪峰snow-topped peaks 坐佛Sitting Buddha

5）历史人文 history and human culture [扩展]

春秋时期The Spring and Autumn Period 吐蕃王国 Tubo Kingdom 王朝dynasty

旧石器时代Paleolithic times

新石器时代 the Neolithic Age;New Stone Age' 玛雅文化 Mayan civilization

母系氏族社会 matriarchal clan society 清朝帝王Qing emperors

文成公主Tang Princess Wencheng

春秋时代The Spring and Autumn Period

大思想家和教育家A great thinker and educator 慈禧太后Empress Dowager CiXi 祭祀offer sacrifices 君主monarch

皇妃Imperial concubine 丞相Prime minister 太监Court eunuch 古装Ancient costume 朝代dynasty

历代various dynasty 少数民族ethnic minority 蒙古族Mongolian 藏族Tibetan 维吾尔族Uygur

纳西族Naxi minority

阿坝藏族自治州Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 古代器具Ancient utensils 考古学家archaeologist

发掘unearth 吉尼斯世界纪录The Guinness Book of World Records 公元 AD（Anno Domini）公元前 BC（Before Christ）诞生地 Birthplace 历史文物 historical relics 历史遗迹 historical site 青铜器Bronze ware 文人men of letters 雅士refined scholars

景色如画 picturesque views

乐不思蜀too delighted to be homesick

琳琅满目 a superb collection of beautiful things;an eyeful of goodies 鳞次栉比 row upon row of;packed with

玲珑剔透 exquisitely carved/ made/ wrought 流连忘返 linger on;too delighted to leave 绿水青山 green hills and clear waters

迷人 enchanting / bewitching / fascinating 墨客骚人 men of letters

奇峰异石 picturesque peaks and rocks 文物cultural relics

西域western countries

6）经典描绘语句 classic descriptions

[扩展]

八方来客 tourists from all parts of the world

保存完好 well-preserved

波光粼粼的湖sparkling lake

苍松翠柏 green pines and cypresses

层峦叠嶂 range upon range of mountains / the hills rise around…

姹紫嫣红 a blaze of bright colors/ colorful

崇山峻岭 steep mountains

船移景换 each turn of the boat affords a different scenery / view

纯洁 purity

雕梁画栋 carved beams and painted pillars

洞天福地 scenery of exceptional charm

陡峭的precipitous

阴云蔽日 overcast

飞流急湍 whirlpools and rapids

峰回路转 the paths running sinuously amid the peaks

高超工艺 / 工艺精湛exquisite workmanship / superior craftsmanship

古香古色of antique beauty

宏伟的Majestic

宏伟挺拔 towering magnificence

湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills

华丽的gorgeous

吉利的propitious

极目远眺 look as far as the eye can see

金碧辉煌 splendid and magnificent

尽收眼底 hold a panoramic view

惊叹不已（be）marveled;marvel at…

惊涛拍岸 raging waves pound on the banks 奇花异草 exotic flowers and herbs 奇珍异宝 rare treasure 巧妙设计well-designed

青山不断 green hills roll on endlessly 清澈见底limpid 曲折tortuous

群山环抱 surrounded by mountains / hills

日出（日落）的壮丽景色 the glory of the sunrise（sunset）如画picturesque 如诗poetic

山峦迭翠 range upon range of green hills

山水风光 scenery with mountains and rivers;landscape 闪闪发光glittering，sparkling, winkling 赏心悦目 delightful

天方夜谭（lit.）the Arabian nights（褒义）exotic

（贬义）a sheer fallacy

天下奇观wonder;marvelous spectacle 蜿蜒流淌的河水winding river 蜿蜒曲折 winding/ zigzagging

万紫千红 a variety of colors;a riot of colors 巍然屹立 towering

蔚为壮观splendid/ spectacular

闻名遐迩 known far and wide;well-known;famous;world-renowned 无边无际boundless

无可抗拒的overpowering

熙熙攘攘 crowded/ hustle and bustle 侠义心肠chivalrous 仙境wonderland

鲜花盛开flowers in blossom

相映成趣 form delightful contrast

心旷神怡 completely relaxed and happy/ delighted

雄伟险峻 precipitous

悬崖绝壁cliff/precipice

绚丽多姿 colorful

烟波浩渺 a wide expanse of misty waters

一览无余 hold all views in sight/ in a single glance

依山傍水 nestling under a mountain and near a river

意犹未尽linger on

优雅的exquisite, graceful, elegant

诱人景色 inviting views

鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey

郁郁葱葱luxuriantly green

枝繁叶茂 luxuriant

庄严grandeur

庄严肃穆solemn

壮丽景色 spectacular scene

忽暗忽明，幻影迭显 mysteriously veiled in mountain mist

船行水上，人游画中 people tour in „pictures‟ while boats sail on water

上有天堂，下有苏杭 In heaven there is the paradise, and on earth there are Suzhou and Hangzhou./ As there is the paradise in heaven, so there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth.五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳 Trips to China‟s five great mountains render trips to other mountains unnecessary, and a trip to Huangshan renders trips to the five great mountains unnecessary.桂林山水甲天下，阳朔山水甲桂林 Guilin landscape tops those elsewhere,and Yangshuo landscape tops that of Guilin.五岳 china‟s five great /sacred/ divine mountains

天下第一奇山 the most fantastic mountain under heaven

黄山四绝 the four unique scenic features: picturesque rocks, legendary pines, the sea of clouds and hot springs

2.3 古代世界七大奇迹

1.巴比伦空中花园 The Hanging Gardens of Babylon

2.阿尔忒弥斯神庙 The Temple of Artemis（Diana）at Ephesus

3.宙斯神像 The Statue of Zeus

4.摩索拉斯陵墓 The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

5.罗德岛太阳神巨像 The Colossus of Rhodes

6.亚历山大灯塔 The Pharos（Lighthouse）of Alexandria

7.埃及金字塔 The Pyramids of Egypt

2.4中国部分世界自然和文化遗产名录

1.长城 the Great Wall of China

2.紫禁城 the Forbidden City

3.敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang

4.周口店北京人遗址 Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site

5.泰山Mount Tai

6.黄山 Mount Huangshan

7.武陵源风景名胜区 Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Area

8.九寨沟风景名胜区 Jiuzhaigou Scenic and Historic Area

9.黄龙风景名胜区 Huanglong Scenic and Historic Area

10.承德避暑山庄 Changde Imperial Mountain Resort

11.孔府Confucius Family Mansion

12.孔庙Confucius Temple

13.孔林 Confucius Cemetry

14.武当山古建筑群 Ancient Building Comoplex at Wudangshan

15.布达拉宫 Potala Palace and Jokhang Temple

16.庐山风景名胜区 Lushan National Park

17.峨眉山、乐山大佛 Mount Emei and Leshan Giant Buddha

18.武夷山风景区 Mount Wuyi

第五章 外交和军事

SECTION I: 英译中

1.1外事礼仪

A

acknowledge v.承认

a gathering permeated with a spirit of cordial friendship 充满亲切友情的聚会

a rewarding trip 不虚此行

accommodate vt.供给…住宿，招待； vi.适应，配合

add a new page to the history of 给…的历史增加了新的一页

agenda n.议程

alumnus（alumni）;alumna（alumnae）n.校友

B

banquet n.宴会

BBQ party n.烧烤会

Bon Appetite!int.祝你胃口好！

Bon Voyage!int.旅途愉快！

buffet n.自助餐

buffet reception n.冷餐招待会

C

cheek-to-cheek embrace 贴脸拥抱

cheers int.干杯

closing speech n.闭幕致辞

cocktail party n.鸡尾酒会

colleague（s）n.同仁

commerce ties n.商业关系 coexistence n.共存，共处

congenial atmosphere n.融洽气氛

I‟ve long heard of you 久仰

impromptu speech n.即席讲话

in the company of …/ accompanied by… 在…的陪同下

costume party;masquerade n.化装舞会

courtesy call n.礼节性拜会

D dinner / dinner party n.晚宴

distinguished guest n.贵宾； 佳宾

draw to a close 即将结束

E eloquent remark n.雄辩的（动人的）演讲

entertain v.招待

extraordinary arrangement n.特殊安排；精心安排 eye salute n.注目礼

F farewell ceremony n.欢送仪式

feel honored and privileged 感到荣幸

feel pleased and honored 感到愉快和荣幸

feel proud and honored 感到骄傲和荣幸

fellow citizens n.同胞们

foreign affairs office n.外事办

fulfill one‟s ambitions 展鸿图；酬壮志

G generous hospitality 盛情款待

genuine friendship 真挚友谊

give a dinner for a visitor from afar 接风洗尘

goodwill visit n.友好访问

gracious invitation n.盛情邀请

gracious remark n.热情的演讲，评论

Guest of Honor n.主宾

gun salute n./v.礼炮

H heartfelt gratefulness n.由衷的感谢

hearty embrace n.热烈拥抱

hearty gratitude n.衷心的感谢

heritage n.传统

hospitality n.好客

host a farewell dinner for someone 为…饯行

host country n.主办国；东道主国家

host n.主人

I

inauguration n.开幕式；就职典礼

incomparable hospitality n.无比盛情的款待

itinerary n.活动日程，路线

K, L

kind words of welcome n.友好的欢迎词

lasting friendship n.长久的友谊

long-awaited guest n.盼望已久的客人

look back at the past 回顾过去

look into the future 展望未来

luncheon n.午餐会

M, N, O

motorcade n.车队

nodding acquaintance n.泛泛之交

occasion n.场合；时刻

opening address n.开幕致辞

opening ceremony n.开幕式

P

pay a return visit v.回拜

picnic party n.野餐会

propose a toast v.祝酒

R

receive;play host to v.接待

receptionist n.接待员

reception n.招待会

regard n.尊重；敬意

regards n.问候

renew old friendships（and establish new contacts）友）

S

seating arrangement n.席位安排

signing ceremony n.签约式

sincere gratitude n.真挚的感谢

speech of welcome / address of welcome n.欢迎词

state banquet n.国宴

sworn friend n.刎颈之交

T

take this opportunity 趁此机会

toaster n.祝酒者

重温旧情

（结交新

toast n.祝酒词 U unequalled adj.无与伦比的 unprecedented adj.前所未有的 W warm reception n.热情接待 warm welcome n.热情欢迎 wedding reception n.喜宴

welcoming banquet n.欢迎宴会 welcoming ceremony n.欢迎仪式

common interest n.共同利益 common prosperity n.共同繁荣 communiqué n.联合公报

community of nations n.国际社会 compassion n.同情，怜悯 consolidate v.巩固

constrain vt.约束；强迫

containment n.遏制，遏制政策

contradictory;self-contradictory adj.矛盾；自相矛盾 convention n.大会；条约； 协定； 惯例

1.2两国关系

A

a resolution n.决议

abundant accomplishment n.丰硕的成果

accord with /agree with/conform to/meet v.符合 acknowledge vt.承认

assert v.宣称； 维护

attempt n./ v.尝试

B

beckon v.召唤

boost v.促进，刺激，增进

bilateral adj.双边的

bilateral channels n.双边渠道

bilateral cooperation n.双边合作

bilateral diplomatic activities n.双边外交

bilateral relations n.双边关系

bully v.欺侮；以强凌弱

C

cast off v.丢弃，摆脱

cause n.原因、理想、事业、目标

channel n.渠道

channels of dialog n.对话渠道

chaos n.混乱

clash n.冲突

coercion n.强迫，高压政治

collapse n.溃败；崩溃

commitment n.承诺，义务

common aspiration n.共同希望

common causes n.共同目标；共同理想

common desire n.共同愿望

common developmen n.共同发展

convergence n.集中

counterpart n.相应的、对等的人或物

counterproductive adj.起反作用的； 反效果的 courtesy n.礼貌

crises n.危机；危险期 D

dawning n.黎明；开端 decline n./vi.下降；衰落 defy vt./n.挑战；公然挑衅 delay v./ n.耽搁；拖延 decency n.合宜，得体 delightful adj.令人愉快的 deteriorate vt.使恶化；变糟 deterioration n.衰败 disparity n.不等；不同 dispute n./ v.争端 diverse adj.多变的

diversity n.多样化；气象万千 dominate v.压倒；统治；占优势 E

emancipate vt.释放； 解放 embody vt.体现

embrace v./ n.拥抱；信奉 encroach on 侵犯，蚕食 encroachment n.侵犯 endeavor n.努力

enduring adj.持久的；不朽的 enrich vt.充实

equitable adj.公平的；公正的 era n.纪元

erupt v.突然爆发

escalation n.升级

exacerbate vt.恶化，使…加剧 F flaunt v./n.炫耀；标榜

fluctuation n.波动；起伏不定 foil vt.阻挠；挫败

formulation n.明确表达；简洁陈述 foundation n.基础；基金会 G guarantee n./vt.保证

justice n.正义 L, M

legitimate adj.合法的

maintain v.维持；坚持认为

make great contribution to 对…有重大贡献 malignant adj.恶性的；致命的 manifold n./ adj.多方面的 meddle v.干涉

memorable adj.令人难忘的 mentality n.心理，思维状态

guidance n.指导

gunboat policy（尖船利炮）强权政策

H

hamper v.妨碍；牵制

harness v 管理，支配，控制

hereby adv.在此

hostility n.敌意、敌对状态

I

ideal arena n.理想的场所，舞台

impair v.损害

impetus n.动力

implement n.贯彻

in a friendly manner adv.以友好的方式

in a wide range of areas（就）广泛领域

incapacitate v.使不能胜任

incentive n.动机；动力

in-depth adj.彻底、深入的 integral adj.整体的

international community 国际社会

intervention n.干涉

interventionist n./ adj.主张干涉他国内政者

intimidate v.恐吓，威逼

intricacy n.错综复杂

irresistible adj.不可抗拒的 J

jeopardize v.危及

joint communiqué n.联合公报

joint declaration n.联合声明

joint efforts n.协力

juncture n.时刻、关头；接合点

jurisdiction n.权限；管辖权； 管辖区域

might n.势力，兵力 mighty adj.强大的 mimic vt./adj.模仿

mistrust n.不信任；疑心 multilateral adj.多边的 mutual benefit 互利互惠

mutual complementarities 互补 mutual confidence 相互信任 mutual consultation 共同协商 mutual courtesy 礼尚往来 mutual promotion 相互促进 mutual respect 相互尊重 mutual supervision 互相监督 mutual trust 相互信任

mutual understanding 相互理解 N, O

negotiation n.谈判；协商 objective n.目标；目的 obstacles n.干扰；障碍 obstruct n./v.阻碍 origin n.起源；渊源

overshadow v.弱化；使…黯然失色 P

paralysis n.瘫痪，麻痹

partnership n.合作、合伙关系 peace-loving adj.爱好和平的 perish v.毁灭、死亡 permeate v.渗透

phenomenal adj.非凡的；杰出的 pioneering adj.开拓性的 pool（efforts）v.协力

potential n.潜力；adj.潜在的 prejudice n.偏见； v.损害

prerequisite n.先决条件； adj.首要的，必要的 prescribe v.指示； 规定

prevailing adj.占优势的；盛行的 prior to 在…之前

profound adj.深刻的，意义深远的 proliferation n.扩散

promising adj.有前途的，有希望的

promote/facilitate/enhance/strengthen/ advance v.加强；促进

strengthen the bond 加强联系；加固纽带 subordinate n./ adj.次要、下属、从属的

subsequent adj.后来的，接着发生的，连续的 summit

n.峰会；首脑会议

symbol / symbolize n./ v象征 T

thereby adv.从而

threat v./n.威胁，恐吓 trailblazer n.开拓者

prudence n.审慎；慎重

pursue v.追求

R recognition n.承认，认可

reflect v.反映

refrain v.节制；制止

regime n.政权，体制

resentment n.不满、怨恨

resolutely adv.坚决地； 果敢地

resolution n.决心；决议

respectable adj.可敬的

respective adj.分别的，各自的restructure v.重组；体制改革

reunification n.统一

rhetoric n./adj.修辞； 空话

rival n./v.竞争对手

rivalry n.竞争；敌对状态

S safeguard v./ n.扞卫

sanction v./ n.制裁

score v.取得（成绩、成果…）

setback n.挫折；退步

signify v.表征，意味着

solidarity n.团结

sound adj.健全的source n.来源

sponsor n./v.赞助；主办

stability n.稳定

status quo n.现状

steadfastly adv.踏实地；坚定地

straightforward adj.坦率的；直截了当

trailblazing adj.开拓性 trample n./ v.践踏

tranquil adj.安静、宁静的 transcend vt.凌驾； 超越 trans-century adj.跨世纪的 transition n.转变、过渡 turmoil n.**；冲突 tackle v.处理；对付 take shape v.成形 tense adj.紧张的 U

undermine v.破坏

undesirable adj.不受欢迎的 union n.联盟；工会

unswervingly adv.坚定不移地 V

vigorous adj.强健的； 精力充沛的 volatile adj.不稳定的；多变的 SECTION II: 中译英 中国外交

1.“走出去”（战略）going global 2.安全security, safety 3.霸权hegemony

4.闭关锁国的过去closed-door past 5.闭关政策closed-door policy 6.标准criteria

7.博大深远extensive and profound 8.不对抗non-confrontatio 9.不合理irrationality 10.不结盟non-alignment

11.不可克服的困难insurmountable difficulty

12.不平等inequality 13.不懈的努力 unremitting efforts 14.采取具体步骤 undertake concrete step 15.差距gap 16.尝试attempt 17.充满活力dynamism 18.崇高的事业lofty cause 19.崇高理想grand ideal 20.处理分歧address differences 21.穿梭外交shuttle diplomacy

53.高层次、全方位的对话high-level and all-directional dialogue 54.高峰论坛summit（forum）55.高级官员senior officials 56.隔阂estrangement

57.各国人民的福祉well-being of all nations 58.公告proclamation 59.公平fairness

60.公正，正义justice 61.共识 consensus 62.共赢all-win 22.打破障碍beak down barriers

23.单边的 unilateral

24.单边主义 unilateralism

25.邓小平外交思想 Deng Xiaoping's diplomatic thoughts

26.低估 underestimate / underestimation

27.地方矛盾regional conflicts

28.地球村global village

29.地区差异 regional disparity

30.地区**（冲突）regional turmoil（conflicts）

31.独立自主的和平外交政策independent foreign policy of peace

32.独立自主原则principles of independence

33.度假外交holiday-making diplomacy

34.对手opponent;rival

35.对外工作external work

36.多边外交multilateral diplomatic activities

37.多边政策multilateralism

38.多极化multi-polarization

39.多极时代multipolar times

40.多极世界 multipolar world

41.多极性multi-polarity

42.繁荣prosperity

43.繁荣昌盛flourish

44.仿效imitation

45.分工division of responsibilities

46.分裂活动splittist activities

47.分歧 issues of difference

48.否决权veto right

49.复杂多变的国际形势a complex and volatile international situation

50.复杂化complication

51.复杂性complexity

52.改善，改进ameliorate 63.国家元首head of state 1.国与国state-to-state

2.过渡期the transitional period 3.过分go overboard

4.合法权益the legitimate rights and interests 5.合作关系cooperative relationship 6.和睦关系harmonious relationship 7.和平peace

8.和平方式peaceful means

9.和平共处peaceful coexistence 10.和平外交 peace diplomacy 11.后果；结果 consequence

12.互不干涉内部事务noninterference in each other's internal affairs 13.互不往来non-communication 14.互惠合同reciprocal contract

15.互利合作的伙伴partners of mutual benefit and cooperation 16.怀疑suspicion

17.环太平洋国家Pacific rim countries 18.缓解（冲突）buffer（conflicts）

19.恢复行使主权 resume the exercise of sovereignty（over…）20.回顾过去 in retrospect 21.机制mechanism

22.积极防御active defense 23.积极影响positive impact 24.基石cornerstone

25.极大的希望great expectation 26.集合；凝聚aggregation 27.肩负shoulder

28.艰巨任务arduous task

29.建设性的战略伙伴关系a constructive strategic partnership 30.交换意见exchange notes

31.交流观点exchange views 32.结交新友establish new contacts 33.竭力仿效emulate 34.解决分歧resolve differences 35.进步 progress;advancement 36.举世闻名word-renowned 37.军事机密 military intelligence（secrets）38.考验 test 39.肯定传统affirm old tradition 40.框架framework

72.谴责 condemn

73.强权外交 power diplomacy

74.强权政策 power politics

75.强制执行enforcement

76.侵犯violate;encroach on;an encroachment on

77.求同存异seek common ground while reserving/shelving/putting aside differences

78.曲折twists and turns

79.屈服 yield to

80.趋势 trend 41.扩大共识expand the common ground

42.来之不易hard-won

43.乐观精神optimism

44.礼尚往来reciprocity in courtesy;reciprocal（mutual）courtesy

45.礼仪； 行为准则 decencies

46.良好诚意good faith

47.良好周边环境a favorable climate in areas around china

48.良知 conscience

49.两岸关系cross-strait relations

50.领土完整territorial integrity

51.领土争端border or territorial disputes

52.履行国际义务fulfill international obligations

53.盟国ally;allies

54.民间外交people-to-people diplomacy

55.模式mode

56.摩擦friction

57.睦邻友好good-neighborliness

58.睦邻友好关系good-neighbor relationship

59.排除干扰与障碍remove interferences and obstacles

60.排他性集团exclusive group

61.排外主义exclusivism

62.批准ratify

63.平等互利equality and mutual benefit

64.平等互利原则principle of equality and mutual benefit

65.平等伙伴关系equal partnership

66.平等协商equal consultation

67.齐心协力concerted effort

68.歧视discrimination

69.起积极作用make positive contribution to

70.千年millennium

71.前景prospect;future 81.全方位合作all-round cooperation

82.全面的；全方位的all-round;all-around 83.全面接触comprehensive engagement 84.全面提高all-round improvement 85.全球化globalization

86.全世界 the world at large;the world over 87.权利和义务rights and interests 88.让步（make）concessions 89.人道主义者humanitarian 90.融合fusion

91.三边的 trilateral

92.深切哀悼 convey profound condolences to 93.审时度势 size up the situation 94.使命mission

95.事业 undertaking, cause 96.势头momentum

97.树立共有的乐观精神 build shared optimism 98.双边的bilateral

99.双边关系bilateral relations 100.双边合作bilateral cooperation 101.双边渠道bilateral channels

102.双边外交bilateral diplomatic activities 103.双赢局面win-win situation

104.顺利平稳过渡smooth transition of power 105.坦诚深入的candid and in-depth 106.条约 treaty 107.停滞不前 halt

108.同等尊严equal dignity 109.突破break-through 110.团结 unity

111.外部封锁external blockade

112.外交diplomacy

113.外交惯例diplomatic practice

114.外交豁免权diplomatic immunity

115.外交晴雨表diplomatic barometer

116.外交使节diplomatic envoy

117.外交休兵diplomatic truce

118.完全不信任downright distrust

119.完全平等complete equality

120.顽疾stubborn ills

121.为大众谋利seek a common good

122.维护香港的繁荣与稳定 maintain the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong

123.维护正义的 justice-upholding

124.文化交流cultural exchange

125.文化使节cultural ambassador

126.文化摇篮cradle of civilization

127.无情的事实inexorable facts

128.无秩序状态disorder

129.现状current state

130.详细谈论elaborate on

131.协调harmonize

132.协定agreement

133.结盟alliance

134.协议protocol

135.协作coordination

136.携手 join（our）hands;hand-in-hand

137.新的世界形态a new world pattern

138.新殖民主义neo-colonialism

139.宣称； 维护assert

140.宣告，声明 declaration

141.亚太地区the Asia-Pacific region

142.严峻的考验 severe test

143.唁电message of condolences

144.一贯的政策 consistent policy

145.以史为鉴，面向未来 take history as guidance and look into the future

146.意识形态ideology

147.永不屈服never yielding

148.增进increase, strengthen, promote, expand, boost

149.增进了解enhance mutual understanding

150.战略关系strategic relationship

151.战略协作伙伴关系strategic partnership of coordination

152.正常化normalization

153.正确的对外方针correct foreign policy

154.正式访问an official visit

155.政权交接 transfer of government

156.政权交接the transfer of government

157.政治对话political dialogs

158.政治和道义上的支持political and moral support

159.中长期的合作 medium and long term cooperation

160.中日和平友好条约the Sino-Japanese Treaty for Peace and Friendship

161.种族隔离apartheid;racial segregation

162.种族矛盾racial tensions

163.种族歧视racial discrimination

164.着手处理approach（a problem）

165.重新评估reuation

166.主权国家sovereign states

167.驻军 garrison

168.自决自主 self-determination

169.自我封闭 self-reclusive

170.最不发达国家Least-developed countries（LDCs）

171.和平共处五项基本原则the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

·--平等互利Equality and mutual benefit

·--互相尊重和主权领土完整mutual respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity

·--互不侵犯Non-aggression

·--互不干涉内政Non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries

·--和平共处Peaceful coexistence

第六章 生态、自然和环保

SECTION I: 英译中

A

a killing frost 严寒

abrasion n.侵蚀；磨损

acid rain n.酸雨

[详析]

Acid rain is an air pollution produced when acid chemicals are incorporated into rain, snow, fog or mist.The “acid” in acid rain comes from sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, products of burning coal and other fuels and from certain industrial processes.acidification n.土地酸化

afforestation n.绿化造林

agricultural ecology 农业生态学

air emission standards 空气排放标准

air pollution 空气污染

air pollution emission 空气污染排放（物）

algae n.藻类，海藻

alternative fuels--替代燃料

[详析]

Alternative fuels include compressed natural gas, alcohols, liquefied petroleum gas（LPG），and electricity.altitude n.海拔

carbon dioxide（CO2）n.二氧化碳

carbon monoxide（CO）n.一氧化碳

Clean Air Act n.清洁空气法案

[详析]

The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments are the most far-reaching revisions of the 1970 law.In this summary, we refer to the 1990 amendments as the 1990 Clean Air Act.clean energy n.清洁能源

clean fuels n.清洁燃料

[详析]

ample rainfall n.充足的雨量

annual temperature range 年气温幅度

anomalies n.反常（现象）

aquatic life 水生植物

arid adj.干旱的

artificial rain n.人工降雨

ash n.灰烬

atmosphere（The）n.大气层

Autumnal Equinox（fall equinox）秋分（9月22日左右）

[扩展]

Vernal Equinox（spring equinox）春分（3月21日左右）

B

biosphere n.生物圈

[详析]

The terrestrial biosphere includes the living biota（plants and animals）

and the litter and soil organic matter on land, and the marine biosphere includes the biota and detritus in the oceans.biota n.[生态]生物区

[详析]

Biota means the animal and plant（fauna and flora）life of a given area.barrier effect of mountains 山的阻隔效应、栅栏效应

beachgoer n.海滩游客

biomes n.生物群系

black hole n.黑洞

[详析]

Black hole is a place where the gravity is so strong that light can't even escape from it.how would you know where to look for it? it can also be interpreted as gateways to an alternative universe.C

canopy n.树冠，华盖

car exhaust n.汽车尾气

Low-pollution fuels that can replace ordinary gasoline climate n.气候

climatic anomaly 气候异常 climatic zones 气候带 ［glossary］ [扩展]

Temperate 温带（气候）

the cool temperate zone 寒温带 the warm temperate zone 暖温带 Tropical 热带（气候）

Subtropical 亚热带（气候）Tundra 苔原（气候）Equatorial 赤道（气候）Arid 干旱（气候）

Mediterranean 地中海式（气候）Polar（arctic）极地（气候）Mountains 高山（气候）Plateau 高原（气候）Maritime 海洋性（气候）

Continental climate 大陆气候 clint n.石芽

coastline n.海岸线 combustion n.燃烧 comet n.彗星

confluence n.汇流（处）[详析]

A confluence is where a river joins another river.contamination n.污染 continental plate 大陆板块 continental shelves 大陆架 contingency n.偶发事件 convection n对流

corrasion n.侵蚀

cost-effective adj.成本效益好的，合算的 cumulonimbus clouds n.积雨云

D

daily maximum temperatures n.日最高气温

daily minimum temperatures n.日最低气温

death toll n.死亡人数

debris flow 泥石流

decomposition n.分解，腐烂

deep water n.深冷水区

deforestation n.森林砍伐

[例子]

Efforts have been made to stop deforestation----the removal of forest stands by cutting and burning to provide land for agricultural purposes, residential or industrial building sites, roads, etc.or by harvesting the trees for building materials or fuel.desertification n.（土壤）沙漠化，荒漠化

[例子]

Overgrazing of rangelands, large-scale cutting of forests and woodlands, drought, and burning of extensive areas all serve to destroy or degrade the land cover and cause desertification.domestic sewage n.生活污水

drought n.旱灾

dust storm n.沙尘暴

E

earthquake n.地震

earthquake magnitude 震级

eco-agriculture 生态农业

ecological impact 生态影响

ecosystem n.生态系统

[详析]

An ecosystem is defined as place having unique physical features, encompassing air, water, and land, and habitats supporting plant and animal life.eco-technology 生态技术

eddy n./ v.旋涡，起旋涡

El Nino Southern Oscillation（ENSO）（气候学）厄尔尼诺南徊现象

[详析]

厄尔尼诺是西班牙语“El Nino”的音译。厄尔尼诺洋流南美洲西海岸海洋表面的一支暖洋流，那时海底不再有冷的、丰富营养的海水，能引起鲸鱼和鱼类的死亡并且影响大部分太平洋地区的气候。在南美厄瓜多尔和秘鲁沿岸，海水每年都会出现季节性增暖现象，因为这种现象发生在圣诞节前后，则被当地渔民称为厄尔尼诺-即“圣婴”（上帝之子）的意思。现在厄尔尼诺一词已被气象和海洋学家用来专门指发生在赤道太平洋东部和中部海水大范围持续异常增暖的现象（在海洋气象学中规定，该海域海水表层温度高出气候平均值0.5℃以上，且持续时间超过6个月以上时定为厄尔尼诺出现）。

The term El Nino means „Christ Child‟ and was first used by Peruvian fishermen in the late 1800‟s to describe the warm current appearing off the western coast of Peru around Christmas time.El Nino, and its sister eventare the extreme phases of the southern oscillation, with El Nino referring to a warming of the eastern tropical Pacific, and La Nina a cooling.又见L 词条中La Nina phenomenon 拉尼娜现象

emission n.排气（如汽车废气等）；排放物

environment n.环境

[详析]

Environment refers to the sum of all external conditions affecting the life, development, and survival of an organism.Environment Abstracts 《环境文摘》简称EA

environmental auditing 环境审核

environmental awareness 环保意识

environmental benefit 环境效益

environmental degradation 环境恶化

environmental hazards 环境危机

environmental lapse rate 气温垂直递减率（如由山地地形引起）

environmental management 环境管理

environmental threats 环境威胁

environmentalist n.环境保护主义者

epicenter n.震中

Equator n.赤道

equatorial zone 赤道地区

existing environmental regulations 现有环境规范条例

extinct species 灭绝的物种

F

fjord n.峡湾

firn n.积雪；万年雪；冰原

[详析]

Material that is transitional between snow and glacier ice.It is formed from snow after passing through one summer melt season and becomes glacier ice after its permeability to liquid water falls to zero.flood n.洪水；洪灾

food chain 食物链

[详析]

A sequence of organisms, each of which uses the next lower member of the sequence as a food source.forest coverage rate 森林覆盖率

forestation n.造林

fossil fuel 矿物燃料如石油、煤、天然气等，由古代生物衍生而成 [详析]

Any hydrocarbon deposit that can be burned for heat or power, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.freshwater pollution 淡水污染

fungi（plural form of fungus）n.真菌（包括酵母、霉菌、担子菌和蘑菇等）

[详析]

Molds, mildews, yeasts, mushrooms, and puffballs, a group of organisms that lack chlorophyll and therefore are not photosynthetic.［glossary］ [扩展]

molds n.霉菌

bacteria n.细菌

viruses n.病毒

G

galaxy n.星系，银河

[详析]

1.A galaxy refers to a system of about 100 billion stars.2.The Milky Way 银河系

genera n.（生物学）属，类

geothermal energy n.地热能

glacier n.冰河

global warming 全球变暖

[例句]

Worldwide temperatures have been rising which suggests a global warming.全世界温度上升，说明全球正在变暖。

GMT（Greenwich Mean Time）格林威治平时

gorge n.山峡

[例句] Geological early-warning system has been set up in three gorges.在三峡建了地质预警系统

grain for green 退耕还林（还草）

grassland n 草地，草原

greenhouse effect n.温室效应

[详析]There is concern that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide and methane, may enhance the greenhouse effect and cause global warming.greenhouse gases n.温室气体

ground cover n.地被植物

[详析] Ground cover refers to plants grown to keep soil from eroding.ground depression n.面沉降；地面塌陷

groundwater n.地下水

[详析]

It means the supply of fresh water found beneath the surface of the Earth（usually in aquifers）that often supplies wells and springs.H

habitat n.自然环境，栖息地

Hazardous air pollutants（HAPs）危害性空气污染物

[详析]

chemicals that cause serious health and environmental effects.hazardous chemicals 有害化学物质

hazardous substance 危险品，有害物质

hazardous waste 危险废弃物

haze n.薄雾，霾

headland n.岬

heat island effect 热岛效应

[详析]

Cities form heat islands due to increased carbon dioxide.herbivore n.食草动物

[详析]

Herbivore is an animal that feeds on plants.Himalayas 喜马拉雅山（脉）

hot springs 温泉

[扩展]

geysers 间歇泉

human exposure 人体照射

hydrocarbon n.氮氢化合物，烃

hydrology n.水文地理学

I

ice age 冰河时期，冰川代

[详析]

Ice Age refers to the latest glacial epoch, the Pleistocene Epoch.ice sheet（continental glacier）（地）大冰原；冰盾

[详析]

During the Pleistocene Epoch, ice sheets covered large parts of North America and northern Europe but they are now confined to polar regions（e.g., Greenland and Antarctica）。

ice shelf（海）冰架

industrial solid wastes工业固体废物

infiltration（soil）n.渗透

[详析]

Infiltration means movement of water from the ground surface into the soil.infrared n.红外线

[详析]

light that is so red humans cannot see it

infrared radiation 红外线辐射

[详析]

Abbreviated IR;also called “longwave radiation”.（简写为IR，又称长波辐射）

insolation n.暴晒；（医）中暑

international energy forum 国际能源论坛

international energy foundation 国际能源组织

isotherm n.等温线

[详析]

A line that joins places with the same temperature.isotope n.[化]同位素

K

karst n.喀斯特地形（由于腐蚀而产生裂隙，落水洞，潜流和洞穴的不规则的石灰岩地区）

a karst cave 水蚀石灰洞； 溶洞

L

La Nina phenomenon（气候）拉尼娜现象

[详析]

拉尼娜：拉尼娜是西班牙语“La Nina”-“小女孩”的意思。气象和海洋学家用来专门指发生在赤道太平洋东部和中部海水大范围持续异常变冷的现象（海水表层温度低出气候平均值0.5℃以上，且持续时间超过6个月以上）。拉尼娜也称反厄尔尼诺现象。厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜现象通常交替出现，对气候的影响大致相反，通过海洋与大气之间的能量交换，改变大气环流而影响气候的变化。从近50年的监测资料看，厄尔尼诺出现频率多于拉尼娜，强度也大于拉尼娜。

又见E 词条中El Nino Southern Oscillation（ENSO）（气候学）厄尔尼诺南徊现象

land subsidence 地面沉降

lapse rate（山区）气温垂直递减梯度

latitudes 纬度

longitudes 经度

life zone（生）生物带

lava n.熔岩，火山岩

leading-edge research 尖端研究

lightning n.闪电

limestone scenery 岩溶景色

[详析]

Limestone scenery, or karst, forms some of the most attractive scenery in Britain.litter v.乱扔垃圾

litter n.（树林里的）枯枝落叶层

local topography 当地地形

M

marine pollution n.海洋污染

marsh n.湿地，沼泽

[详析]

Marsh is a type of wetland that does not accumulate appreciable peat deposits and is dominated by herbaceous vegetation.marsh gas；methane n.沼气

mean annual temperatures n.年平均气温

mean monthly temperatures n.月平均气温

Mediterranean n./adj.地中海（的）

melting Snow n.融雪

meteor shower n.流星雨

micro-climates n.小气候

microorganism n.微生物

mid and high latitudes 中高纬度地区

mineral n.矿物

mist n.薄雾

moist air 潮湿空气

moldy adj.霉烂的 monsoon n.季候风；（印度等地的）雨季，季风

[详析]

The monsoons are strongest in the southern and eastern sides of Asia, but also occur along the coasts of tropical regions wherever the planetary circulation is not strong enough to inhibit them.mosquito control n.蚊虫控制

mountainous region n.山区

mouth n.入河口（入海口）

[详析]

A mouth is where a river meets the sea or an ocean.N

natural selection n.[生]自然选择，物竞天择说

[详析]

The process of survival of the fittest by which organisms that adapt to their environment survive while those that do not adapt disappear.Natural disasters/ hazards n.自然灾害、危害

[扩展]

debris flow n.泥石流

drought n.干旱

dust storm n.沙尘暴

extratropical cyclone n.温带气旋

earthquake n.地震

flooding n.洪水，水灾

forest fire n.森林火灾

hail n.冰雹

hurricane n.飓风

hurricane warning n.飓风警报

hurricane watch n.飓风监视

storm surge n.风暴潮

tidal wave（a tsunami）n.海啸

tornado n.旋风，龙卷风

tropical cyclone n.热带气旋

tropical storm n.热带风暴

typhoon n.台风

volcano erupting n.火山暴发

natural reserve / natural preservation zone 自然保护区

natural resource protection areas 自然资源保护区

nature-nurture 先天与后天；遗传与环境

nebula（pl.nebulae）n.星云

nitrogen dioxide n.二氧化氮

Nitrogen oxide n.一氧化氮

noise pollution n.噪音污染

nutrient adj.有营养的 O

opacity n.不透明性

[详析]

A glass window has almost 0% opacity, whereas a concrete wall has 100% opacity.ocean currents 洋流

ocean tide 海潮

oceanic plate 海洋板块

oil spill 石油泄漏

organism n.生物体，有机体

P

pest n.害虫，瘟疫

pesticide n.杀虫剂

photosynthesis n.光合作用

planet n.行星

[扩展]

Planet Earth 地球

Planet Jupiter 木星

Planet mars 火星

Planet Mercury 水星

Planet Neptune 海王星

Planet Pluto 冥王星

Planet Saturn 土星

Planet Uranus 天王星

Planet Venus 金星

plankton n.浮游生物

[详析]

plankton refers to passively floating or weakly motile aquatic plants（phytoplankton 浮游植物）and animals（zooplankton浮游动物）。

polar adj.（南，北）极的 Pollutant n.污染物质

Pollution Abstracts 《污染文摘》简称PA

pollution index n.污染指数

power plant n.发电站，发电厂

precipitation n.降水（暴雨、雪、冻雪或冰雹降落到地表的任何形式的水）

[详析]Any or all forms of liquid or solid water particles that fall from the atmosphere and reach the Earth's surface.It includes drizzle, rain, snow, snow pellets, snow grains, ice crystals, ice pellets, and hail.primary energy n.一次能源

primary pollutant n.一次污染物

protect natural habitats 保护生存环境

PST = Pacific Standard Time太平洋标准时间

[扩展]

GMT = Greenwich Mean Time（time at 0 long.）格林尼治平时

EST = Eastern Standard Time（美国）东部时间

Q

Qinghai-Tibet plateau 青藏高原

quake n.震动； 地震

R

radiation protection 辐射防护

radioactive materials 放射性物质

rainfall n.下雨，雨量

rare or endangered species 珍稀濒危物种

recycle n.回收

red tide（rapid propagation of sea algae）n.红潮

reflectivity n.反射率

release n.释放

renewable resources可再生资源

reservoir n.水库，蓄水池

[例子]：

One of the goals is to have Three Gorges Dam act as a reservoir during China‟s flood season.residue n.残余物

resource degradation n.资源消耗

respiration n.呼吸，呼吸作用

Richter Scale n.里氏地震强度表

river basin 流域

S

salt marshes n.盐沼

sand dunes n.沙丘

seasonal variation n.季节性波动

secondary pollutant n.二次污染物

seismic（earthquake）activity n.地震

seismic waves n.地震波

sewage treatment/ disposal n.污水处理

shelterbelt n.防护林

shrubland n.灌木林地

silviculture n.造林学，林学

[详析]

Silviculture refers to management of forest land for timber.smog n.工业烟雾，烟雾污染

[详析]

a mixture of pollutants, principally ground-level ozone, produced by chemical reactions in the air involving smog-forming chemicals.soil alkalinization n.土壤碱化

soil erosion n.土壤侵蚀

solar cycle n.太阳活动周期

solar wind n.太阳风

[详析]

The wind from the Sun.source（the start of a river）n.源头

space trash n.太空垃圾

Stalactite n.地钟乳

[详析]

Water dripping from the roofs of caves leave behind microscopic particles of calcium carbonate.These build up as icicle shaped stalactites.stalagmite n.石笋

stratosphere n.[气]同温层，最上层，最高阶段（也是Las Vegas 赌城同名最高酒店）

sulfur dioxide n.二氧化硫

sunspot n.太阳黑子

[详析]

A relatively dark, sharply defined region on the solar disk

Supernova n.超新星

surface albedo n.表面反照率

surface water n.地表水

swamp n.沼泽，湿地，煤层聚水

T

temperate adj.温和的

temperate climate n.温和的气候

temperature variations n.气温变化

the amount of rainfall n.降雨量

the biological diversity n.生物多样性

the eye n.风眼

[详析]

the central part of the tropical storm

the Ganges 恒河

the ozone layer n.臭氧层

the Pacific Ring of Fire n.太平洋火环（世界上最主要的火山带，系环绕太平洋的边缘分布，号称 “火环”）

thermal pollution n.热污染

thermal power plants n.热电站

three-D climate n.立体气候

又见E 词条中environmental lapse rate 气温垂直递减率（如由山地地形引起）

Three Gorges Project n.三峡工程

Three Gorges reservoir n.三峡水库

tree-hugger n.环境保护狂（有时甚至以抱树的方式来护树或宣示扞卫树木的决心--的环保人士）

tropical rain forest n.热带雨林

tropical storm n.热带风暴

thunder n.雷，雷声

toxic chemicals n.有毒化学物质

tributaries n.支流

tropical storm n.热带风暴

temperature inversion n.温度逆增、逆温现象

[详析]

Temperature inversion is one of the weather conditions that are often associated with serious smog episodes in some portions of the country

tephra n.火山灰

[详析]

Any rock material produced by a volcano.tundra n.苔原，冻土

[详析]

A type of ecosystem dominated by lichens, mosses, grasses, and woody plants.It is found at high latitudes（arctic tundra）and high altitudes（alpine tundra）。

traffic congestion 交通拥塞

U

UV（ultraviolet）n.紫外线

[详析]

Light that is so blue humans cannot see it.A band of the electromagnetic spectrum between the visible and the X-ray.Photons of ultraviolet light are more energetic than photons of visible light.UNCED 联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会）

unlead gas n.无铅汽油

urban refuse n.城市垃圾

urbanization n.城市化

urbanite n.都市人

V

vapor n./ v.蒸发

vegetation cover n.植被覆盖

velocity n.迅速，快速； 周转率

visibility n.可见度

volcanic eruption n.火山喷发

volcanoes n.火山

[扩展]

extinct volcano n.死火山

dormant volcano n.休眠火山

active volcano n.活火山

W

waste disposal n.废物处理

water loss and soil erosion n.水土流失

water pollution n.水污染

watershed n.分水岭

weather n.天气

wetlands n.湿地

[详析]

An area that is regularly saturated by surface water or groundwater and subsequently is characterized by a prence of vegetation that is adapted for life in saturated-soil conditions.wild fauna and flora n.野生动植物

wilderness n.荒野，未开垦的荒地

wildfire n.野火

wood ear n.木耳

woodland n.林地

World Environment Day（June 5）世界环境日

World Meteorological Day（March 23）世界气象日

World Oceans Day（June 8）世界海洋日

World Water Day（March 22）世界水日

Z

zoo n.动物园

zoology n.动物学，生态

zooplankton n.浮游动物

SECTION II: 中译英

1.白色污染 white pollution（non-degradable white plastics）

2.保护生存环境 protect natural habitats

3.城市垃圾 urban refuse

4.地面沉降 land subsidence;ground depression

5.二次污染物 secondary pollutant

6.二氧化氮 nitrogen dioxide

7.二氧化硫 sulfur dioxide

8.二氧化碳 carbon dioxide

9.防风治沙 check wind and control sand

10.防护林 shelterbelt

11.防治沙漠化 combat desertification

12.封山育林 set apart hills for forestry

13.工业固体废物 industrial solid wastes

14.国际生物多样性日 International Biodiversity Day（Dec.29）

15.国家环保基本方针 China‟s guiding principle for environmental protection

16.国家环保总局 SEPA（State Environmental Protection Administration）

17.海洋生物 marine life

18.化害为利；变废为宝 turn the harmful into the beneficial and waste into valuable

19.环保产品 environment-friendly products

20.环保意识 environmental awareness

21.环境恶化 environmental degradation

22.环境污染综合防治 integrated control of environmental pollution

23.环境效益 environmental benefit

24.环境指标 environmental criteria

25.减少拥挤 decongestion

26.交通噪音 traffic noise

27.可再生资源 renewable resources

28.立体气候 3-D climate

29.环发大会 UN Conference on Environment and Development（UNCED）

30.绿化运动 afforestation drive

绿色奥运green Olympic Games

1.绿色能源 green energy resource（e.g.the solar power 如：太阳能）

2.绿色企业 green enterprise

3.绿色食品 green food

4.牧场 pasture

5.牧放（吃草）graze

6.青藏高原 Qinghai-Tibet plateau

7.清洁能源 clean energy

8.全球变暖 global warming

9.热带风暴 tropical storm

10.热带雨林 tropical rain forest

11.热岛效应 heat island effect

12.热污染 thermal pollution

13.人工降雨 artificial rain

14.三峡工程 Three Gorges Project

15.三峡工程three gorges project

16.三峡水库 Three Gorges reservoir

17.森林覆盖率 forest coverage

18.沙尘暴 dust storm;sand storm

19.沙漠化 desertification

20.生活污水 domestic sewage

21.生态技术 eco-technology

22.生态农业 eco-agriculture

23.生态示范区 ecodemonstration region / environment-friendly region

24.受灾地区 disaster-affected area

25.水产资源 aquatic resources

26.水土流失 water loss and soil erosion

27.死亡率 mortality

28.死亡人数 death toll

29.酸雨 acid rain

30.太空垃圾 space trash

31.天然牧场 natural grazing ground

32.土地沙化 desertification

33.土地酸化 acidification

34.土壤碱化 soil alkalinization

35.土壤侵蚀 soil erosion

36.退耕还林还草 grain for green / return cultivated land to forestry or pasture

37.退田还林 restore the reclaimed land to forest

38.危险废物 hazardous wastes

39.温室气体 greenhouse gases

40.污染指数 pollution index

41.污水处理 sewage treatment/ disposal

42.无公害蔬菜 “green” vegetable

43.无铅汽油 unlead gas

44.先天与后天；遗传与环境 nature-nurture

45.养蚕 sericulture

46.养蜂 beekeeping

47.养鱼 fish culture;pisciculture

48.野生动植物 wild fauna and flora

49.一次能源 primary energy

50.一次污染物 primary pollutant

51.预防为主、防治结合的政策 policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control

52.珍稀濒危物种 rare or endangered species

53.植树节 National Tree-Planting Day

54.资源消耗 resource degradation

55.自然保护区 natural reserve;natural preservation zone

56.自然资源保护区 natural resource protection areas

57.综合整治 comprehensive improvement

58.气象学 meteorology

1）摄氏 centigrade;Celsius

2）华氏 Fahrenheit

3）雷 thunder

4）雹 hailstorm

5）霜 frost

6）雾 fog

7）对流 convection

8）天气 weather 9）气候 climate 10）气候学 climatology 11）季风 monsoon 12）地中海气候 Mediterranean climate 13）秋老虎 Indian summer 90.中国节气 Solar Terms 1）立春 Beginning of Spring 2）雨水Rain Water 3）惊蛰Waking of Insects 4）春分Spring Equinox 5）清明Pure Brightness;Clear Brightness 6）谷雨Grain Rain 7）立夏Beginning of Summer 8）小满Grain Full 9）芒种Grain in Ear 10）夏至Summer Solstice 11）小暑Slight Heat 12）大暑Great Heat 13）立秋Beginning of Autumn 14）处暑Limit of Heat 15）白露White Dew 16）秋分Autumnal Equinox 17）寒露Cold Dew 18）霜降Forest‟s Descent

19）立冬Beginning of winter 20）小雪Slight Snow 21）大雪Great Snow 22）冬至Winter Solstice 23）小寒Slight Cold 24）大寒Great Cold 第七章 科技

SECTION I: 英译中

2D（Two dimensional graphics images and animated images）平面

3D（Three dimensional graphics images and animated images）三维

3D Rendering 三维渲染

A aerial top dressing 空中施肥

advanced technology 先进技术

analog electronic technology 模拟电子技术

animation n.动画片

AOL（America Online）美国在线

Apple Corporation 苹果公司

artificial intelligence（AI）n.人工智能

[详析] A field of science that has attempted to improve computers by trying to incorporate characteristics of human intelligence, such as the ability to understand natural language and to perform reasoning under certain conditions of uncertainty.artificial life（AL or Alife）n.人工生命

[详析] New discipline that studies “natural” life by attempting to recreate biological phenomena from scratch within computers and other “artificial” media.Alife complements the traditional analytic approach of traditional biology with a synthetic approach in which, rather than studying biological phenomena by taking apart living organisms to see how they work, one attempts to put together systems that behave like living organisms.ASCII（American Standard Code for Information Interchange computer character set）美国信息交换标准码

ATM（Automatic Teller Machines）自动柜员机

audio card n.声卡

audio conference n.音频会议； 电话会议

B

Biotechnology n.生物工程

Application which involves the deliberate manipulation of the DNA molecules, the substance within cells that carries the “recipe” for the organism and is inherited by offspring from parents.B2B and B2C 企业对企业（商家对商家），及企业对消费者的电子商务

bandwidth 带宽

bar codes n.条形码

[详析]Alternate standards for marking products or other items for reading by laser beams

BBS（Bulletin Board Systems）公告板系统，论坛

bookmark n.电子书签

browser n.浏览器

bullet train n.子弹头列车

C

cache memory n.高速缓冲存储器

caller ID display 来电显示

camcorder n.便携式摄像机

CD Burning 光盘刻录

CDMA/TDMA 码分多址（一种扩频多址数字式通信技术）

[详析] Code Division Multiple Access and Time Division Multiple Access dual-mode cellular telephones that aid in the receiving of fax and computer network data on computers and PDAs.CD-RW or CD-Rewritable 可重刻

chat lines or chat rooms n.聊天室

CPU（Central Processing Unit）n.中央处理器

cyberspace n.电脑空间

conductor n.导体

convection n.对流

cortex n.大脑皮层

cryonics n.人体冷冻法

[详析] a branch of science that aims to develop reversible suspended animation.cutting-edge n.优势；前沿，极其重要的状态或位置

D

database n.数据库

desktop videoconferencing n.（桌面）视频会议

dial-up connection n.拨号连接

Digital Video（DV）/ Camcorder n.数码摄像机

distance education（DE）n.远程教育

E, F

E-Learning（or Web-based training）n.电子学习

encryption n.加密

firewall n.防火墙

Flash 由macromedia公司推出的交互式矢量图和 Web 动画的标准

frontier science and technology 科技发展前沿

FTP（File Transfer Protocol used for downloading files on the Internet）文件传输协议

genetic engineering n.遗传工程

[详析] the process of transferring DNA from one organism into another that results in a genetic modification;the production of a transgenic organism

H, I

hacker（phreaker）n.黑客，骇客

hard drive n.硬盘驱动器

hemisphere n.大脑半球

high scientific and technological content 科技含量高

home page n.主页

insulator n.绝缘体

interactive television（ITV）n.互动电视

IBM= International Business Machines Corporation 美国国际商用机器公司

internet surfing n.网上冲浪

internet n.互联网

intranet n.企业内部互联网（局域网）

ISO（International Organization for Standardization）国际标准化组织

J,K, L

joystick（电脑游戏等）操纵杆

[详析]A remote control device that can be used in place of a keyboard or a mouse to allow for interactions between a computer and its user.Joysticks are commonly used for computer games and usually connect through a serial port.jukebox n.自动点唱机

Kiosk n.多功能信息商亭

[详析]A multimedia display system such as those used in marketing displays at conferences and in stores

LCD（Liquid Crystal Display）液晶显示器

M

Mac（Macintosh）n.苹果机

maglev train（magnetic levitation train）n.磁悬浮

manned spaceflight n.载人航天飞行

MD（minidisk）n.小型磁盘

MIDI（Musical Instrument Digital Interface）n.迷笛，数码音乐

microcircuit n.微电路

modem n.„猫‟，调制解调器

multimedia n.多媒体

[详析]The ability to combine audio, visual, and possibly other types of hardware into a presentation

molecular science n.分子科学

N

natural sciences n.自然科学

nerd n.不善社交、专心致志搞科研或精于科研的人；书呆子

[详析] A person with no social skills, usually obsessed with science or technology（geek is more computer specific）。Nerds are known for their pocket protectors, taped glasses, and plaid shirts.Many nerds are also geeks, using the net as a safe screen to hide behind while practicing their social skills.neuron n.神经元

new and high technology industries n.高新技术产业

notebook computer n.笔记本电脑

O,P

Omega point n.欧米伽点

[详析] a possible future state when intelligence controls the universe totally, and the amount of information processed and stored goes asymptotically towards infinity.P2P（Peer to Peer Networking）n.对等网络

PC（Personal Computer）n.个人电脑

PDA（Personal Digital Assistant）n.个人数字助理，掌上电脑

Pentium 奔腾，Intel公司生产的CPU芯片

第四篇：中高级口译必备词汇(新东方版)第九章 健康

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

Chapter 9 健康

SECTION I: 英译中

A

a period of debility n.体能低落、衰弱期

acne n.痤疮，粉剌

active sleep n.积极睡眠

acute adj.急性的 adrenalin n.肾上腺素

adverse effect n.反作用

aerobics n.有氧运动

AIDS（Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome）陷综合）

alcoholic poison n.酒精中毒

alkalinity or acidity n.酸碱性

allergy n.过敏

Alzheimer’s disease n.老年痴呆症

amino acids n.氨基酸

anemia n.贫血

anoxia n.缺氧

anthrax n.炭疽

anti-aging adj.抗衰老

艾滋病

（获得性免疫缺中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

antibiotics n.抗生素

antibody n.抗体

antipruritic adj.止痒剂，止痒的 anti-SARS campaign n.抗非典斗争

artery n.动脉

arthritis n.关节炎

artificial heart n.人造心脏

artificial hormones n.人造激素

asthma n.哮喘

avian influenza（bird flu）n.禽流感

B

B.O.（Body Odor）n.体臭

backache n.背痛

bacterium（Pl.bacteria）n.细菌

balm n.止痛膏，香油

behavioral therapy n.行为疗法

belch n./v.打嗝

bioengineering n.生物工程

biologist n.生物学家

bird flu n.禽流感

bleeding n.出血

blemish n.瑕疵，疤痕

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

blister n.水泡

blood circulation n.血液循环

blood vessel n.血管

bone marrow n.骨髓

bronchitis n.支气管炎

bruise n./ v.瘀伤，擦伤，青紫

BSE（bovino spongiform encephalopathy）

burp n.饱嗝儿，打嗝 v.打饱嗝

C

callus n.老茧

calorie n.卡路里

cancer n.癌，毒瘤

capillary n.毛细管

carbohydrate n.碳水化合物

cardiac adj./n.心脏（病）的 cardiologist n.心脏病专家

cataract n.白内障

cellulite n.脂肪团块

chest cavity n.胸腔

chickenpox n.水痘

cholera n.霍乱

cholesterol n.胆固醇

n.疯牛病 中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

chronic adj.慢性的

chronic asymptomatic HBV carriers 慢性无症状乙型肝炎病毒携带者

cirrhosis of liver n.肝硬化

（masked palm）civet n.果子狸

cleanse v.清洗，净化

colic n.绞痛，疝气

coma n.昏迷

comatose adj.昏睡的，昏迷不醒的 communicable diseases 传染病

corona virus 冠状病毒

condom n.安全套

congenital defects n.先天性缺陷

contagious adj.传染性的 contraceptive coil n.避孕环

convulsion n.惊厥，痉挛

coronary disease n.冠心病

cough v./n.咳嗽

coughing fit n.咳嗽发作

craving n.强烈的愿望

D

dandruff n.头皮屑

deadly adj.致命的

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

debilitate vt.使衰弱，使虚弱

dehydration n.脱水

dementia n.痴呆

deodorize vt.除臭

dermatologist n.皮肤科医生

dermatology n.皮肤病学

diabetes n.糖尿病

diagnosis n.诊断

dialysis machine n.透析机

diarrhea n.痢疾，腹泻

die a grim death 惨死

diet plan n.食物计划

dietitian n.营养专家

dilated pupil examination n.瞳孔放大检查

disinfectant n.消毒剂

dizziness n.头昏眼花

dose n.剂量

dream cycle n.做梦周期

dropsy n.水肿，浮肿

duodenal ulcer n.十二指肠溃疡

dyspepsia n.消化不良

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

E

eating disorder n.食欲紊乱

elasticity n.弹力，弹性

embryo n.胚胎

embryology n.胚胎学

epidemic adj.流行的，传染的 n.时疫，流行病

epidemic encephalitis B n.流行性乙型脑炎

epidemiology n.流行病学

euthanasia / mercy killing n.安乐死

extrovert n./adj.性格外向的（人）

F

fatal n.致命的 fertilization n.授精

fetus n.胎儿

fever n.发烧

fitness center n.健康中心

fitness n.健康

flatulence n.肠胃气胀

flu shot n.（打）抗流感针

foot-and-mouth disease n.口蹄疫

fructose n.果糖

fungus（pl.fungi）n.真菌

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

futile adj.无效的 G

gasp v.喘气，倒吸气

genes n.基因

genetic information n.遗传信息

genome n.基因组

germicide n.杀菌剂

gestation n.怀孕

GM food（genetically modified food）n 转基因食品

GMOs（Genetically Modified Organisms）n.转基因生物

gingivitis n.齿龈炎

gland n.腺

glucose n.葡萄糖

gum n.齿龈

H

hair-raising adj.使人毛骨悚立的 hatch v./n.孵化

health care products n.保健品

herbal medicine 草药

heart attack n.心脏病发作

heart failure n.心力衰竭

hemorrhoids n.痔疮

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

hepatitis n.肝炎

hepatitis A n.甲肝

hepatitis B n.乙肝

herbal essence n.草药精，草本精华

heredity n.遗传

herpes n.疱疹

hiccup n./ v.打嗝

high blood pressure n.高血压

high cholesterol n.胆固醇过高

HIV（human immunodeficiency virus）人体免疫缺损病毒，艾滋病病毒

HIV-positive adj.艾滋病病毒测试呈阳性

hoarseness n.嘶哑，刺耳

holistic medicine n.全身（整体）治疗的药物，如中药

homosexually transmitted disease n.由同性恋传播的疾病

hormone n.荷尔蒙，激素

human genome n.人类基因图谱

hypertension n.高血压，过度紧张

hypotension n.血压过低

I

immune system n.免疫系统

immunity n.免疫性

implant v./n.植入

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

impotence n.阳萎

in a vegetative state 处于植物人状态

incubator n.孵卵器，早产儿保育器

infected adj.被感染的 infertility n.不孕，不育

inflamed skin n.皮肤发炎

injection n.注射

inoculate v.打预防针，接种疫苗

insemination n.授精

insomnia n.失眠，失眠症

insulin n.胰岛素

introspective adj.内省，内向的，introvert n./ adj.性格内向的（人）

irregular pulse n.脉律不齐

irritable adj.急躁的 isolation n.隔离

itching adj.发痒的、渴望的

itchy adj.使人发痒的，不安静的，神经质的 IVF（in-vitro fertilization）[ ] n.试管受精

K

kidney stones n.肾结石

kidney transplant n.肾移植

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

L

lactose n.乳糖

laser treatment n.激光疗法

lesion n.感染的皮肤，损伤

living donor n.（活体）器官捐献者

lobe n.耳垂，（肺，肝等的）叶

M

malaria n.疟疾

mandatory testing n.强制测试

manicure n.修指甲

mate v.交配

maternity leave 产假

matrix n.子宫

menopause n.更年期

mental deterioration n.神经退化、衰弱

mental disorder n.精神紊乱

metabolism n.新陈代谢

microbe n.微生物，细菌

micro-organism n.微生物

microprocessor n.微处理器，单片机

migraine n.偏头痛

molecule n.分子

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

morbidity rate n.发病率

morning sickness n.（孕妇）晨吐

mortality rate n.死亡率

mouth hygiene n.口腔卫生

N

near-sighted adj.近视的 nerve pathway n.神经通道

neurological adj.神经学的 neurologist n.神经科医师

neuropathy n.神经病

nicotine n.尼古丁

numbness n.麻木

nutrient adj.有营养的，养分

nutrition n.营养，营养学

O

obesity n.肥胖症

odds n.可能的机会；几率

odor n.气味

offspring n.后代

OTC drugs n.非处方药

outbreak n.（疫情等）暴发

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

P

paralysis n.瘫痪

Parkinson’s disease n.帕金森综合症

passive smoking / second-hand smoking n.被动吸烟

pediatrics n.小儿科

pedicure n.修脚，修脚指甲

perceptual skill n.感知能力

person in a vegetative state;vegetable n.植物人

personal hygiene n.个人卫生

pharmaceutical n./adj.药物，制药学的 pharmacist n.药剂师

physical endurance n.体力、体能

pimple n.丘疹，面泡，青春豆

plague n.瘟疫

plethora n.多血症

PMS（pre-menstrual Syndrome）n.月经前不快症状

pneumonia n.肺炎

pore n.毛孔

pregnancy n.怀孕

pressure n.压力

protein n.蛋白质

psychological rest n.心理休息

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

pulse n.脉搏

quarantine n./v.隔离

R

rabies n.狂犬病

regenerate v.再生

remedy n.药物，治疗，矫正

renal adj.肾脏的

respirator n.口罩；人工呼吸器

a canister respirator n.防毒面具

rheumatism n.风湿

ringing in the ears n.耳鸣

rinse n./ v.冲洗掉，清洗，冲洗

royal jelly n.蜂王浆

S

saccharin n.糖精

SARS-affected area n.非典疫区

SARS epidemic n.非典型性肺炎

scarlet fever n.猩红热

secretion n.分泌，分泌物

sedative n.镇静剂，止痛药 adj.镇痛的 shiatsu n.（日）指压，指压按摩疗法

schistosomiasis n.血吸虫病

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

skin rash n.皮疹

slow-wave sleep n.慢波睡眠

smallpox n.天花

sneeze v./ n.打喷嚏

snore n./ v.打鼾，鼾声

sore throat n.喉咙痛

soreness n.痛，痛楚

spasm n.痉挛

sperm bank n.（为人工授精提供精子的）精子库

sperm donor n.捐献精子的人

sprain n.扭伤

STD（Sexually Transmitted Disease）n.性传染病

stem cell n.干细胞

sterile adj.不育的，无结果的，消毒过的，无菌的 sterilization n.消毒，绝育

steroids n.类固醇

stroke n.中风

stiff neck n.落枕

stimulant n.刺激物

stinky feet n.臭脚

stolid adj.神经麻木的，感觉迟钝的 stress n.压力，焦虑

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

stroke n.中风

sub-consciousness n.潜意识

surgeon n.外科医生

swelling n.肿胀

symptom n.症状

syndrome n.综合病症

syphilis n.梅毒

T

test tube n.试管

the terminally ill n.患绝症者；病入膏肓者

thrush n.鹅口疮

toxic adj.有毒的 toxin n.毒素

transplant n./ v.移植

trauma n.外伤，（心理）创伤

trial version n.试验版

tumor n.瘤

typhoid fever n.伤寒

U

ulcers n.溃疡

unconsciousness n.无意识，意识不清

upset stomach n.反胃，肚子痛

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

urinary incontinence n.小便失禁

V

vaccination n.接种疫苗

vaccine n.疫苗

varicose veins n.静脉曲张

vellus n.毫毛

vicious circle n.恶性循环

virus n.病毒

visual disturbance n.视力障碍

vivacious adj.性格活泼的，快活的

voluntary and confidential testing

自愿的，保密的测试

W

wart n.疣

womb n.子宫

wrinkle n.皱纹

SECTION II: 中译英

中医 TCM（Traditional Chinese medicine）

1.中医名着 famous TCM work

2.《黄帝内经》 Huang Di’s Classic of Internal Medicine / Yellow Emperor's Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine

3.《神农本草经》 Shennong’s Herbal Classic

4.《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

5.《易经》 I Ching;Book of Change

6.万物人为贵 nothing compares to a human life

7.救死扶伤 healing the sick and saving the dying

8.阴阳 yin-yang, the two opposing and complementary principles in nature

9.相生相克 mutual generation and restriction

10.对立制约 mutually opposing and constraining

11.互根互用interdependent and mutually promoting

12.相互转化mutually transformational

13.新陈代谢 metabolism

14.针灸 acupuncture

a）针刺疗法acupuncture

b）艾炙疗法 moxibustion

15.推拿 medical massage

16.穴位acupuncture point

17.针刺麻醉 acupuncture anesthesia

18.综合医院 general hospital

19.中医部 TCM section/ department

20.拔火罐疗法（Chinese）cupping therapy

21.刮痧疗法skin scraping therapy with water, liquor or vegetable oil

22.理疗 physical therapy

23.切脉 feeling the pulse

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

24.偏方folk prescription

25.秘方 secret prescription（normally of excellent curative effect）

26.祖传秘方 secret prescription handed down from one's ancestors

27.阴阳五行学说 the theory of yin-yang and five elements（metal, wood, water, fire and earth）

28.心 heart

29.肝 liver

30.脾spleen

31.胃stomach

32.肺 lung

33.肾 kidney

34.内伤七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊）internal causes（joy, anger, worry, thought, grief, fear and surprise）

35.外感六淫（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火）external causes（wind, cold, heat, wetness, dryness and fire）

36.中药四性 four properties of medicinal herb

a）寒cold

b）热hot

c）温warm

d）凉cool

37.中药五味five tastes of medicinal herb

a）酸sour

b）苦bitter

中高级口译必备词汇（新东方版）

c）甜sweet

d）辣spicy

e）咸salty

38.按摩message therapy

39.减肥 lose weight

40.41.food

42.43.44.45.46.47.China

48.49.经络 main and collateral channels inside human body;meridian 食补保健maintain good health through the intake of nourishing 太极拳 Tai chi quan;Tai chi Chuan;Taijiquan boxing 延缓衰老 to defer senility 药典pharmacopoeia 有机整体 an organic whole 瑜珈 yoga 中国古代药王神农氏 Shennong, herbal medicine master of ancient 中华医学会 Chinese Medical Association 安全第一，预防为主 safety first, precaution crucial.

第五篇：中高级口译最新高频词汇

沪江网·新东方2008英语口译全国网络大会

中高级口译最新高频词汇汇编:（０７、３）

（上海新东方口译教研组专用）

历年口译考试都有大量特色词汇出现，而且呈现较高的重现率，新东方发现了这一现象，从而对历年口译笔试中高频词汇作了总结汇总如下，希望对参加０７年３月笔试的考生的备考有所帮助！

Allocate 分配 Arise

出现 Attach 赋予粘上

Characterize 以。。为特色的 Charge

收费 Collect

收集 Contaminate

污染 Degrade

使降级 Depreciate

贬值 Desert 抛弃 Endanger 危害 Imitate

模仿 Incur招致，引发 Inflict

造成 Lavish

浪费 Maximize 最大化 Oblige

强迫 Overcome 克服 Prohibit

禁止 Pursue

追求 Quit

放弃 Sacrifice 牺牲 Spread 传播 Steer

驶向，掌舵 Trigger 引发，触发 Abuse

虐待，滥用

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Acquire 获取 Detect

侦查 Innovate

改革创新 Participate 参与 Survive 生存 Vanish 消失

Wither

退化，萎缩 Coexist 共存 Boom 繁荣，兴旺发达 Blossom 兴旺发达 Perform

履行，表演 Roam 闲逛

Abolition/abolish

废除 Accommodate 供给，调节，住宿 Adore 崇拜；爱慕 Alter 改变 Arouse 激发 Assume 承担 Attend 参加，就读 Censor审查

Commute 来回往返于 Consul 咨询 Cultivate 培养

Determine 取决于，决定 Discourage 不鼓励；妨碍 Diversify 使多样化 Divert 使分心 Dominate占优势 Enlighten启发 Exaggerate夸张

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Exert 施加（压力、影响）Expel

排除；开除 Explore 探究 Expose 揭露性报道 Hamper 妨碍；牵制 Hinder阻碍 Idealize 理想化

aggressive 上进心的 alert 敏锐的，警惕的 arduous 费劲的 artistic 艺术性的 authoritative 权威性的 cogent 使人信服的 compassionate 富于同情心的 complicated 复杂的 corrupt 腐蚀 demanding 要求高的 desirable 古怪的 eccentric 古怪的 evil 邪恶的 exotic 异国的 fallacious 荒谬的 feasible 可行的 fictious 虚假的 fruitful 有成效的 glamorous 富有魅力的 humane 人道的

impressive 给人印象深刻的 inborn 天生的

indecent 不妥的，不检点的 更多口译资料，请见沪江口译频道：http://tr.hjenglish.com 沪江网·新东方2008英语口译全国网络大会

indispensable 不可或缺的 inexhaustible 取之不尽的 infectious 传染性的 inferior 低人一等的 infirm 弱的 influential 有影响力的 ingrain 根深蒂固的 inhumane 不人道的 insalubrious 有害无益的 instructive 有教育意义的 intellectual 智力的 interim 中间的，过渡的 interpersonal 人际关系的 intimate 密切的 inward 内在的 irreparable 不可挽回的 irresistible 不可抵挡的 irritating 恼人的 mature 成熟的

permissive 宽容的，许可的 pernicious 有害无益的 poisonous 有毒的 potential 潜在的 pragmatic 务实的 preferential 优惠的

prevailing 占主导地位的，流行的 prudent 明智的 psychological 心理上的 reverse 相反的 rigid 严格的 更多口译资料，请见沪江口译频道：http://tr.hjenglish.com 沪江网·新东方2008英语口译全国网络大会

rough 粗略的 sheltered 受保护的 sociable 友善的、好交际的 sole 唯一的 stressful 有压力的 stringent 严厉的 unadvisable 不得当的 uncompromising 不妥协的 unethical 不道德的 unhealthy 不健康的 unified 同意标准的 unique 独特的 unjust 不公平的 unscrupulous 肆无忌惮的 unsociable 不善于社交的 vexing 令人烦恼的 vivid 形象的、生动的 unwholesome 不健康的 voluntary 自愿的 vulnerable 易受伤害的 well-grounded 有充分证据的 contributive 有贡献的 prosperous 繁荣昌盛的 abolishment

废除 absurdity 荒唐，谬论 abuse 滥用 acquaintance 熟人 adaptation 改写，适应 admiration 崇拜 adventurer 探险者

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explorer adverse impact 负面影响 adversity 逆境 affection 友情，感情 alienation 疏远 ambition 志向 amusement 娱乐 anecdote 轶事 apathy 冷漠无情 applause 鼓掌 approach 方法 architecture 建筑 assault 攻击 assessment 评估 association 联想，联系 athlete 运动员 availability 可得到的东西 barrier 障碍 beneficiary 受益人 cruelty 残忍 budget 预算 campaign 运动 candidate 候选人 capacity 能力，容量 celebrity 名人 characteristic 特点 cohesion 凝聚力 colleague 同事 collectivism 集体主义 commercial 商业广告

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commercialization 商品化 commodity 商品 companion/partner 同伴 conformity 一致 consensus 同意 consultation 咨询 consumption 消费 content 内容 contentment 满意 contribution 贡献 correlation 相关性 costume 服装 creativity 创造性 criteria 条件，标准 evaluation 评价 exception 例外 cyber crime 网络犯罪 depression 沮丧 deprivation 剥夺 descendant 后代 deterioration 恶化 detour 绕道 digestion 消化吸收 dignity 尊严 discipline 纪律 discontent 不满足 discrimination 歧视 disgust 反感 disorder 无序状态 disorientation 迷失方向感

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