中国文化特色词汇三种原文[精选5篇]

第一篇：中国文化特色词汇三种原文

中式英语之鉴

《对外宣传中的英语质量亟待提高》

一、望文生义，不符合英语表达习惯的翻译，即所谓Chinglish： 举例： 胶水 glue 不准拍照 No photography 当心碰头 Mind your head 拳头产品fist product/key product 黄金地段hit area 看世界（电视栏目）open to the world 免淘米

二、不符合国际上通用惯例的翻译，主要指一些常用的专门术语： 举例：

外向型产业export-oriented industry 保税区 bonded area 小商品博览会 small commodity fair/ Internaional Commodities Fair

三、汉语中某些地道的简略语英译后令人难以理解： 举例：

五讲四美 five stresses and four points of beauty 三通three exchanges(of mail, trade, air and shipping services)

四、意思译走样的翻译： 举例：

进出口商品结构 structure of imports and exports;commodity composition of imports and exports;pattern of import and export merchandise;lineups of imports and exports;

机场班车 airport shuttle 空调公共汽车 an air-conditioned bus（海南岛）天涯海角Ultima Thule，五、只顾词语的字面意思，而不顾其特殊含义的翻译： 举例：

仲裁员休息室Referees lounge 旅游热点travel hotspots 摸着石头过河move steadily;look before you leap;超值享受invaluable enjoyment 人文奥运

Humanity Olympics 科技奥运

Scientific Olympics 在不了解中外文化差异情况下的文化移植： 举例：

以外贸企业为龙头

六、以汉语拼音权充翻译： 举例：

止咳川贝枇杷露 Chuanbei Bipa Cough syrup 上海皮鞋 Shanghai leather shoes

七、说话的语气或口气不当，影响对外宣传效果： 举例：

 旅客登记时，须凭足以证明本人身份的有效证件，并说明住宿原因。

 旅客必须遵守宾馆饭店的规章制度，服从工作人员的管理，爱护饭店的公共财物。„„

对违反上述规定的旅客，饭店有权责成改正。译文：

 Guests are requested to show their own valid papers to prove their identities and to tell the reason for lodging when they check in at the hotel. Every guest has the obligation to abide by the rules and regulations of the hotel, cooperate with the personnel in carrying out their duties and take good care of the property in the hotel. The authority of the hotel has the right to reason with anyone who has violated the regulations mentioned above.„„ 参考译文：

 Please help us to speed up your check-in by presenting your ID. Our guests are kindly expected to heed the rules and regulations.Your cooperation will be appreciated in making our services effective.„„

标记语：

1． 2． 勿动展品 No touch,please.闲人免进No Access for Unauthorized Persons/ No Admittance except on Businee 3． 4． 5． 6．

问讯处 adversoary 失物招领处Lost and Found 男更衣室 male fit room 鳄鱼伤人，严禁游泳。7． 8． 9． 保持车距，小心撞车。Keep distance, don’t kiss me 军事要地，闲人免进。

车辆到此，停车缴费。No money, no parking 标语及广告语：

1．“本店所备饮食，使你回味无穷。” 24.No Adultery Allowed 不得有任何掺杂

25.Learn from Civilized Tourists!/Salute to Civilized Tourists!向文明游客致敬!26.欢迎参加英语角活动！Welcome to English Corner!27.不得弄虚作假！No cheating!28.我们的事业一定胜利！We will succeed in the end!29.我们改革开放的步子要迈得更大一些。

30.热烈欢迎国内外佳宾参加贸易洽谈会！I extend my warmest welcome to our honourable guests at home and broad to this consultation.31.欢迎国内外佳宾光临本市！

I’m very glad to have the attendance of the distinguished guests from home and abroad to come here

结合汉语文化中特有的并经常见诸媒体的事物谈谈翻译过程中文化因素的处理方法

一、直译

1． 扶贫 helping the poor/poverty relief/help-the-poor 2． 反腐倡廉 to combat corruption and build a clean government 3． 假冒伪劣商品 fake and inferior goods/counterfeit and shoddy goods 4． 打假 to crack down on counterfeit goods 5． 公章 official seal

二、意译

1． 八七扶贫攻坚计划 the plan to assist 80 million people in having sufficient food and clothing within seven years 2． 投机倒把 to engage in speculation and profiteering/play the market 3． 计划生育 family planning;birth control 4． 西气东送工程 West-East gas transmission project 5． 辞职下海to resign and go in for business 6． 摇头丸Ecstasy/dancing outreach/ a narcotic/(MDMA drug)7． 红白喜事(wear red or white, that is, at)weddings and funerals 8． “包二奶” to keep a woman other than one’s wife as his sexual partner illegally

三、直译+意译

1． 传销pyramid-selling /direct sales 2． 高考 university entrance examination 3． 红头文件official document 4． P.S.超常规发展:foresight development strategies

四、直译或意译（由语境决定）

1． 两条腿走路 walking on two legs/to do two related things simultaneously/to balance the relations between two aspects 2． 阴盛阳衰

Yin rises while Yang declines/ the Yang forced recede in favor of the Yin forces/ the female being stronger and more powerful, or more numerous than the male

五、直译+解释

1． 菜篮子工程 “vegetable basket” project-a project for establishing production bases and increasing non-staple food supply 2． 希望工程 Project Hope, a project to enlist popular support to help children of poor families receive schooling 3． 开后门 to open the back door-to offer advantages to one’s friends or relations by understand means 4． 蹲牛棚 to be kept in a “cowshed”, a detention house(as a punishment during the Cultural Revolution,1966-1976)5． 一刀切 to cut it even at one stroke-to make it rigidly uniform/ to find a single solution or model for sth.六、直译+注释 1． 三个代表

“Three Represents”, namely that the Party must always represent the development trend of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people, is the crystallization of the Party's collective wisdom and a guiding ideology the Party must follow for a long time to come, Jiang said in his report.2． 五讲、四美、三热爱

five stresses, four points of beauty of mind, and three aspects of love(stress on decorum, manners, hygiene, discipline and morals, beauty of mind, language, behavior and the environment, love of the motherland, socialism and the Communist Party)3． 三讲

Three stresses(stress on politics, study and rectitude)4． 三通

Three direct links(direct shipping, postal and business services between Taiwan and the Chinese mainland

5． 红卫兵

Red Guards(mass organization of young people during the Cultural Revolution)

七、音译+注释/解释

1． 法轮功Falun Gong(an evil religious organization with Li Hongzhi as its founder and head)2． 阴阳Yin and Yang , the two opposing principles in nature, the former feminine and negative, the latter masculine and positive 3． 大字报Dazibao;Bigcharacter poster 4． 衙门yamen(government office in feudal China)5． 旗袍chi-pao/qipao(a close-fitting woman's dress with high neck and slit skirt)6． 观音菩萨 GUanyin, goddess of mercy(Avalokitesvara)

八、借译

1． 打白条 to issue/give an IOU 2． 禅宗 Zen 3． 如来佛 Tathagada

九、音义合译 1． 乌龙茶oolong(tea)2． 功夫片gongfu movies

十、综合译法

知识青年上山下乡

Educated urban

young

people

go

and

work

in

the countryside.(usually referring to secondary school graduates who were unable to pursue their studies in institutions of higher learning during the Cultural Revolution,1966-1976)

汉译英新词难词规范（直译乎？意译乎？）

为了规范翻译市场，提高翻译质量，保证我国对外宣传工作的顺利进行，中国译协中译外委员会决定定期组织研讨会议，对目前对外宣传中出现的一些汉语新词、疑难词汇的英译进行规范。（中译外委员会 由来自外交部、中央编译局、中国外交局、新华社、中国国际广播电台、中国日报社等部门的专家学者组成）这些新词难词的翻译涉及直译/意译以及搭配问题：

外资企业foreign invested enterprise 拳头产品core products 下岗/分流 lay off/reposition of redundant employees 三角债 chain debt 基本生活费basic allowance 人才市场 talent market 民族地区minority ethnic group 社会办学educational establishment run by non-governmental organizations 对口支援matched assistance(mutual assistance between two mutually related parties)特困地区 extreme poverty area/ destitute areas 重点工程key project 全民健身运动 National fitness program 义演 charity performance 伤害民族感情

西部大开发战略 western development strategy 第一/第二/第三产业 tertiary industry 市场疲软 sluggish market 市场火旺hitting up market 抢购panic shopping 追星族stargazer 试婚trial marriage 民工 migrant worker 安乐死 euthanasia 灰色收入 grey 个人演唱会 solo concert 今天我请客 it’s my treat today 打黄扫非eliminate pornography and illegal publications 新闻节目主持人 anchorman 电视台主持人coanchor 贫富悬殊wide gap between the rich and poor 12

第二篇：中国文化相关词汇英文翻译

中国文化相关词汇英文翻译

1.元宵节 Lantern Festival

2.刺绣embroidery 3.重阳节Double-Ninth Festival 4.清明节Tomb sweeping day 5.剪纸Paper Cutting 6.书法Calligraphy 7.对联(Spring Festival)Couplets 8.象形文字Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9.人才流动Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10.四合院Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11.战国Warring States 12.风水Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13.铁饭碗Iron Bowl 14.函授部The Correspondence Department 15.集体舞Group Dance 16.黄土高原Loess Plateau 17.红白喜事Weddings and Funerals 18.中秋节Mid-Autumn Day 19.结婚证Marriage Certificate 20.儒家文化Confucian Culture 21.附属学校Affiliated school 22.古装片Costume Drama 23.武打片Chinese Swordplay Movie 24.元宵Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling(Soup)25.一国两制One Country, Two Systems 26.火锅Hot Pot 27.四人帮Gang of Four 28.《诗经》The Book of Songs 29.素质教育Essential-qualities-oriented Education 30.《史记》Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31.大跃进Great Leap Forward(Movement)32.《西游记》The Journey to the West 33.除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34.针灸Acupuncture 35.唐三彩Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36.中国特色的社会主义Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 37.偏旁radical 38.孟子Mencius 39.亭/阁 Pavilion/ Attic 40.大中型国有企业Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 41.火药gunpowder 42.农历Lunar Calendar 43.印/玺Seal/Stamp 44.物质精神文明建设The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization 45.京剧Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 46.秦腔Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera 47.太极拳Tai Chi 48.独生子女证The Certificate of One-child 49.天坛Altar of Heaven in Beijing 50.小吃摊Snack Bar/Snack Stand 51.红双喜Double Happiness 52.政治辅导员Political Counselor/School Counselor 53.春卷Spring Roll(s)54.莲藕Lotus Root 55.追星族Star Struck 56.故宫博物院The Palace Museum 57.相声Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue 58.下岗Lay off/Laid off 59.北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck 60.高等自学考试Self-taught Examination of Higher Education 61.烟花爆竹fireworks and firecracker 62.敦煌莫高窟Mogao Caves 63.电视小品TV Sketch/TV Skit 64.香港澳门同胞Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao 65.文化大革命Cultural Revolution 66.长江中下游地区The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River 67.门当户对Perfect Match/Exact Match 68.《水浒》Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh 69.中外合资企业Joint Ventures 70.文房四宝笔墨纸砚“The Four Treasure of the Study” “Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone” 71.兵马俑cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army 72.旗袍cheongsam。73.光棍节 Singles day 74.相亲谎言 Blind date lie 75.北京精神 Beijing spirit 76.鱼疗 Fish pedicure 77.白名单 White list 78.后窗文化 Rear window culture 79.垃圾时尚 Trashion 80.放养老公 Free-range husband 中国古代文学

红楼梦 A Dream of Red Mansion/Chamber 水浒 Water Margin

西游记 Journey to the West

三国演义 Romance of the Three Kingdoms 聊斋志异 Strange Tales from a Scholar’s Studio 中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)国庆节 National Day中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival

除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival春节 Spring Festival

元宵节 Lantern Festival

儿童节 Children’s Day

端午节 Dragon Boat Festival

妇女节 Women’s Day

泼水节 Water-Splashing Day

教师节 Teachers’ Day 五四青年节 Youth Day 传统节日词汇

拜年 pay a new year call 爆竹 firecracker 鞭炮 a string of small fire crackers 大扫除 year-end household 灯谜 lantern riddles 庙会 temple fair 年画 new year’ s picture 挂年画 to hang out new year’s picture 年夜饭 family reunion dinner on lunar new year 守岁 to stay awake all night 年糕 glutinous cake for new year 大年初一 the first day of the first lunar month 八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding 对联 poetic couplets 贴春联 to put up antithetical couplets 糊窗花 to put up window paper-cuts 压岁钱 money given to children as a lunar new year gift 民俗词汇

轿子sedans 风车 pinwheel 杂技 acrobatics 魔术 magic 拨浪鼓 shaking drum 竹苗 bamboo flute 皮影 shadow puppet 糖人 sugar-molded 四合院 courtyard homes 踩高跷 stilt walk 武术 martial arts 人力车 rickshaw 宫灯 palace lantern 猜拳 finger-guessing game 说书 monologue story-telling 老字号 time-honored 相声 cross talk 中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)馄饨 wonton

锅贴 guotie(fried jiaozi)

春卷Spring Roll(s)莲藕Lotus Root花卷 steamed twisted rolls

套餐 set meal

盒饭 box lunch;Chinese take-away

米豆腐 rice tofu

魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu

米粉 rice noodles

冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws(or apples,etc.)

火锅 Hot Pot

八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding

粉丝 glass noodles

豆腐脑 jellied bean curd

北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck

小吃摊Snack Bar/Snack Stand

特有的一些汉语词汇

武术 martial arts 气功 Qigong 打擂台 to fight a challenge fight in an arena 听评书 to listen to historical or traditional stories 下象棋 to play Chinese chess 练习书法 to make special studies of calligraphy 画国画 to do traditional Chinese painting 题诗 to inscribe a poem 求对 to match an antithetical couplet禅宗 Zen Buddhism

禅 dhyana;dhgaya

混沌 chaos

道 Daosim, the way and its power

四谛 Four Noble Truth

八正道 Eightfold Path

无常 anity

五行说 Theory of Five Elements

无我 anatman

坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation 空 sunyata

虚无 nothingness

双喜 double happiness(中)，a doubled stroke of luck(英)

小品 witty skits

相声 cross-talk

噱头；掉包袱 gimmick, stunt

夜猫子 night people;night-owls

本命年 this animal year of sb.处世之道 philosophy of life

姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)

还愿 redeem a wish(vows)1.画类 壁画 mural 国画 Chinese traditional painting 水墨画 ink and wash painting 绢画 silk painting 木刻画 wood engraving 版画 engraving 贝雕画 shell carving painting 年画 new year picture 2.陶器类 陶器 pottery ware 玉器 jade article 瓷器 china ware 青瓷 celadon 青铜器 bronze ware 景泰蓝 cloisonné enamel 漆器 lacquer ware 彩陶 painted pottery 唐三彩 trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

3.雕刻类 冰雕 ice carving 玉雕 jade carving 石雕 stone carving 骨雕 bones carving 贝雕 shell carving 木雕 wood carving 根雕 tree root carving 瓷器雕 porcelain carving 象牙雕 ivory carving 4.塑像类 彩塑painted sculpture 画塑 dough figurine 泥人儿 clay figure 5.扇类 绢扇 silk fan 檀香扇 sandal wood fan 折扇 folding fan

6.宝石类 珍珠 pearl 玛瑙 agate 珊瑚 coral 翡翠 green jade 琥珀 amber 玉 jade

7.工艺类 刺绣 embroidery 双面秀 two-sided embroidery 挂毯 tapestry 蜡染 batik 藤条制品 wickerwork 真丝 pure silk 烟嘴 cigarette holder 鼻烟壶 snuff bottle 图章 seal盆景 potted landscape 屏风 screen 中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)宣纸 rice paper

衙门 yamen

叩头 kowtow

孔子Confucius

牌楼 pailou；pai-loo

武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)

功夫 kungfu ；kung fu

中庸 the way of medium(cf.Golden Means)

中和 harmony(zhonghe)

孝顺 to show filial obedience

孝子 dutiful son

家长 family head

三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife

五常：仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence(humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity

八股文 eight-legged essays

多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness

养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age 历史人文 history-related

春秋时期The Spring and Autumn Period吐蕃王国Tubo Kingdom王朝dynasty旧石器时代Paleolithic times 清朝帝王Qing emperors文成公主Tang Princess Wencheng春秋时代The Spring and Autumn Period大思想家和教育家A great thinker and educator慈禧太后Empress Dowager CiXi祭祀offer sacrifices君主monarch皇妃Imperial concubine丞相Prime minister太监Court eunuch古装Ancient costume朝代dynasty 历代various dynasty 少数民族ethnic minority蒙古族Mongolian 藏族Tibetan 维吾尔族Uygur 纳西族Naxi minority阿坝藏族自治州Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 古代器具Ancient utensils考古学家archaeologist发掘unearth吉尼斯世界纪录The Guinness Book of World Records公元 AD 公元前 BC诞生地Birthplace历史文物historical relics历史遗迹Historical site青铜器Bronze ware文人men of letters 雅士refined scholars 文物cultural relics 西域western countries 中国古代四大发明

火药 gunpowder 指南针 compass 造纸术 paper-making techniques 印刷术 paper-printing technique 具有文化特色的现代表述

大陆中国 Mainland China

红宝书 little red book

红色中国 socialist China

四化 Four Modernizations

终生职业 job-for-life

铁饭碗 iron rice bowl

大锅饭 communal pot

关系户 closely-related units

外出打工人员 migrant workers

关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild

五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)：the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美)： the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment

近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译

基层监督 grass-roots supervision

基础税率 base tariff level

婚介所 matrimonial agency婚外恋 extramarital love

婚纱摄影 bride photo

黑心棉 shoddy cotton

机器阅卷 machine scoring

即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery

集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development

价格听证会 public price hearings

甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team

家政服务 household management service

加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion

假帐 accounting fraud

叫板 challenge;pick a quarrel

矫情 use lame arguments

渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence

借调 temporarily transfer

扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption

中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)中国 电信 China Telecom

中国 移动 China Mobile

十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan

中国电脑联网 Chinanet

三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project

希望工程 Project Hope

京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway

扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project

菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project

温饱工程 Decent-Life Project

安居工程 Economy Housing Project 扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign

西部大开发 Go-West Campaign 旅游热点/景点英语词汇大全

秦始皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and horses/Terra-cotta Army青铜战车战马bronze chariots and horses 与实物一样大小life-size 临潼区Lintong District 大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda丝绸之路the Silk Road敦煌 Dunhuang敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Grottoes / Caves, Dunhuang千佛洞Thousand-Buddha Cave壁画murals / fresco佛经Buddhist Sutra塔里木盆地Tarim Basin 土鲁番 Turpan华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs河西走廊 Hexi Corridor昆山市 city of Kunshan帕米尔山区Pamir Mountainous Region三峡 Three Gorges月牙泉 Crescent Spring桂林 Guilin阳朔 Yangshuo板石街（又名 “西洋街”）Slabstone Street, also known as “the Western Street”象鼻山 Elephant Trunk Hill独秀峰the peak of unique beauty七星岩the seven star crag叠彩山 Piled Silk Hill骆驼山 Camel Hill漓江游 cruise on the Li River三山晓色 three Hill at Dawn青峰倒影 Green Peaks Reflected on Water月牙山 Crescent Hill千佛岩Cliff of Thousand Buddhas滇池 Lake Dianchi黑龙潭 Black Dragon Pool珠江夜游 Pearl River Night Cruise岷江Minjiang river野生动物园 Safari Park中国民俗文化村 China Folk Culture Villages佛教四大名山Four famous Buddhist Mountains五台山 Wutai Mountain普陀山 Mount Putuo九华山 Jiuhua Mountain峨嵋山 Mount Emei五岳 China’s five great / sacred mountains武当山 Wudang Mountain嵩山 Songshan Mountain少林寺 Shaolin Temple泰山 Mount Tai岱庙 Dai Temple日光顶Riguan Peak-the Sun Watching Peak玉皇顶 Peak of the Heavenly Emperor黄山 Mount Huangshan;Yellow Mountain迎客松 Guest-Greeting Pine半山寺Mid-Hill Temple云谷寺 Cloudy Valley Temple光明顶Bright Summit天都峰 Heavenly Capital Peak莲花峰 Lotus Peak奇松strangely-shaped pines 怪石grotesque rock formations 云海seas of clouds 温泉hot springs 紫金山天文台 Purple Mountain Observatory南天门The Heavenly Southern Gate午门meridian gate天坛 the Temple of Heaven紫禁城the Forbidden City 故宫the Imperial Place故宫博物院 the Palace Museum护城河Moat回音壁echo wall居庸关Juyongguan pass长寿山the longevity hill九龙壁the nine dragon wall黄龙洞the yellow dragon cave大清真寺great mosque黄帝陵Huang Di Mausoleum十三陵Ming Tombs中山陵Dr.Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum成吉思汗陵 Mausoleum of Genghis Khan鲁迅故居Luxun’s former residence（重庆）渣滓洞 Cinder Cave（重庆）红岩村 Red Crag Village(延安)宝塔山 Pagoda Hill东方威尼斯Oriental Venice苏州园林 Suzhou gardens 狮子林 Lion Grove Garden怡园 Joyous Garden留园lingering Garden网师园 Garden of the Master of Nets耦园（谐音偶，佳偶之意）Garden of Couple’s Retreat西湖 West Lake苏堤 Su Causeway白堤 Bai Causeway断桥 Broken Bridge外西湖 Outer West Lake九寨沟jiuzhaigou布达拉宫Potala Palace日月潭 Lake Sun Moon名胜古迹places of scenic beauty and historical interests / scenic spots and historical sites 堡fort, fortress城堡castle长廊The Long Corridor殿hall拱顶vault鼓楼 drum-tower荷塘lotus pond湖石假山Lakeside rocks and rockeries祭坛 altar角楼watchtower九曲桥Bridge of Nine Turnings廊 corridor陵墓 emperor’s mausoleum/tomb楼 towermansion牌楼pailou, decorated archway桥bridges水榭 pavilion on the water塔 pagoda;tower台 terrace坛altar梯staircase亭阁 pavilion亭台楼阁pavilions, terraces, and towers;a general reference to the elaborate Chinese architecture溪streams行宫A temporary imperial palace钟楼bell-tower柱pillar, column, post碑刻, 碑文, 碑铭inscriptions on a tablet碑林the forest of steles, tablet forest碑座 pedestal of the tablet壁画 murals;fresco避暑山庄 mountain resort避暑胜地 summer resort 冬季旅游胜地Winter resort度假胜地 holiday resort佛教胜地 Buddhist resort滑雪胜地Ski resort 冰山iceberg火山 volcano青山green hill场所site, venue, locale, seat 出土unearth 道观Taoist temple道教名山Taoist mountain堤防embankment地下军团buried legion雕塑Sculptures 雕像 statue顶点Summit定情之物token of love洞穴/岩洞 cave;cavern仿古制品 antique replica复制品Replica高超工艺 superior workmanship孤柏Lone cypress古董antique, antiquity, curio古迹place of historical interest古建筑群 ancient architectural / building complex古墓 ancient tomb古松Age-old pine trees古玩店 antique/curio shop国家公园 national park海平面Sea level号称五岳之首 rank first of the five great mountains in china后裔Descendant回廊corridor甲骨文 inscription on bones and tortoiseshells 假山rockeries 建筑风格Architectural style 江南水乡 south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River景象Spectacle领略自然景观的魅力 appreciate the charms of natural landscape蜜月度假胜地 honeymoon resort名山 famous mountain / mountain resort名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 摩崖石刻Carved out of a cliff瀑布 waterfall, fall小瀑布 cascade飞瀑plunging waterfall曲阜Qufu 曲径winding path人文景观places of historic figures and cultural heritage 人造物品Artifact日出Sunrise日落Sunset溶洞water-eroded cave溶岩景色，喀斯特地貌Karst scenery 石舫 stone boat石灰池Calcified pond石灰岩洞limestone cave石窟 grotto石牌Stone steles石桥Stone bridge石笋stalagmite石像Portrait stone世界第八大奇迹eighth wonder of the world 世界七大奇迹seven wonders of the world 世界文化遗产保护地World Heritage Sites(WHS)世界之窗 Window of the World书法真迹 calligraphic relics水乡景色 riverside scenery私家园林Private garden四大奇观Four wonders 缩影Miniature天下第一洞The most spectacular cave unparalleled elsewhere in the world天下第一泉The finest spring under heaven武当功夫 Wudang martial arts险峰perilous peaks 香格里拉Shangri-la(earthly paradise or utopia--generally secluded and peaceful)镶嵌inlay修复Renovate雪峰snow-topped peaks雪山Snow-capped mountain釉面砖Glazed tile御花园 imperial garden园林建筑Garden architecture原始森林virgin forest藻类algae植物园botanical garden 主题公园 theme park自然景观natural attraction;natural landscape / scenery 综合建筑building complex坐佛Sitting Buddha;

第三篇：中国文化概况原文翻译

《中国文化概况》是一部书籍，是从文化角度架起一座沟通中西的桥梁。下面小编为大家整理了中国文化概况原文翻译，希望能帮到大家！

一、The constitution of the people’s republic of china is the fundamental law of the state.中华人民共和国宪法是中国的根本法。

The NPC is the highest organ of state power.Local people’s congresses are local organs of state power.The standing committee of the NPC is the permanent organ of the NPC.The term of office of the NPC and its standing committee is 5 years.The NPC and its standing committee are empowered with the rights of legislation, decision, supervision, election and removal.全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关。地方各级人民代表大会是地方权力机关。全国人民代表大会常务委员会是全国人大的常设机关。全国人大及其常委会任期是五年。全国人大及其常委会有立法，决策，监督，选举和罢免的权力。

The communist party is the sole party in power in china.Apart from it, there are eight democratic parties in china.Multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC is the basic political system in china.共产党是中国唯一的执政党。除此之外，还有八个民主党派。中国共产党领导下的多党合作和政治协商制度是中国的根本政治制度。

The state council, or the central people ’s government, of the people ’s republic of china is the executive body of the highest organ of state power and the highest organ of state administration.国务院，即中央人民政府，是中国的最高国家权力机关的执行机关，是最高国家行政机关。

The CPPCC is a united front organization under the leadership of the CPC and an organ for various other political parties, mass organizations and personages of various social circles to take part in the running of the state.人民政协是一个在党和其他政党的领导下统一战线组织，社会各界组织和人士参与国家的运行。

二、Chinese philosophy is the collective designation for the various schools of thought.It developed independent of Europe and other civilized countries, with its own distinguishing feature, unique concept systems and expressive ways.Chinese philosophy has become one of the three philosophy systems in the world, the other two being Western philosophy and Indian philosophy.中国哲学是对各种思想流派的统称。它以自己的特色，独特的概念体系和表达方式欧洲和其他文明的国家发展。中国哲学已经成为世界三个哲学系统之一，其他两个是西方哲学和印度哲学。

Chinese philosophy has developed over several thousand of years.Its origin can be traced back to the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties.It began to take definite shapes during the Spring and Autumn Period and enjoyed thriving development because of the emergence of the “a hundred schools of the thought contend” during the Warring States Period.中国哲学发展了几千年。它的起源可以追溯到夏，商，周时期。它春秋战国时期蓬勃发展因为“百家争鸣”的出现。

三、Chinese classical literature refers to literature works from the days before the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty ,and is virtually an unbroken strand enduring dynastic changes.中国古典文学是从先秦到清末的文学作品，是改朝换代的一个重要的部分。

Long before the written language appeared, there was an oral tradition of tales of fables and legends.Some of them are still kept in some ancient books as a precious heritage of Chinese literature.Over 3000 years, there has emerged a great variety of excellent works in terms of poems, essays, novels, dramas and so on.早在文字出现之前，有寓言和神话传说的口头传统。他们中的一些人仍然保留了一些古籍作为一种宝贵的中国文学遗产。在过去的3000年中，出现了大量优秀的作品，诗歌，散文，小说，戏剧等。

四、For more than a millennium, from the Qin Dynasty to the early part of the Ming Dynasty, Chinese science an technology contributed greatly to the progress of human civilization.Ancient China had a well-developed agricultural system along with advanced irrigation.A scientifically sophisticated China was also able to take advantage of an independent tradition in medicine and an advanced botanical knowledge.从先秦到明朝初期的一千多年，中国科学技术极大地促进了人类文明的进步。中国古代有一个发达的农业系统以及先进的灌溉。一个科学先进的中国也能够利用医学中的一个独立的传统和先进的植物学知识。

China ’s four great inventions, namely, the compass, gunpowder, movable type printing and papermaking, not only changed the world but also accelerated the evolution of world history.China further contributed to the world with its rich heritage in ceramics and silk.中国的四大发明，即，指南针，火药，活字印刷术，造纸，不仅改变了世界，也加速了世界历史的演变。中国的陶瓷和丝绸以其丰富的遗产对世界作出了贡献。

The world’s most detailed and earliest astronomical records were kept by the Chinese.They were the first people to take note of such astronomical phenomena as comets, sunspots and new stars, producing the most advanced astronomical observatory apparatus of the time.世界上最详细和最早的天象记录是由中国保持。他们是第一个将如彗星、太阳黑子和新的恒星的这些天文现象记录下来的人，生产了最先进的天文观测仪器。China dominated in metallurgy.When Europeans still could not turn out a single piece of cast iron in the 14th century, China had been producing cast iron on an industrial scale for four centuries.中国主导冶金。当欧洲人还没有铸出一件铁器的时候，中国已经大量生产铸铁四个世纪了。

第四篇：谈中国文化的特色

谈中国文化的特色.txt54就让昨日成流水，就让往事随风飞，今日的杯中别再盛着昨日的残痕；唯有珍惜现在，才能收获明天。谈中国文化的特色

五千年的色彩斑澜的中华文化,具有独立于世,与众不同的历史文化特征.大陆,是中国历史文化的环境基础;农业,是中国历史文化的经济基础;儒学,是中国历史文化的思想基础,因而,中国的传统文化,表现出浓烈的大陆文化,农业文化和儒家文化的色彩.中国传统文化和西方基督教文化不同.西方历史文化主要沿地中海周边发展,重商重战,本性开放,喜欢扩张.中国传统文化则以大陆为基础,她的品质是内向的.中国大陆的特点,一是面积巨大,二是边缘环境恶劣.她东面是大海,西面是戈壁,南面是群山,北面是草原.比较起来,唯北面尚可发展,但又有游牧民族.于是自春秋开始,便在中原北部修筑长城,以至绵延万里,使中原文化成为四面严防的独特文化.上述特点,使中国传统文化具有独特的”墙文化”特征.中国人喜欢墙,国家筑有长城,私宅修有院墙.真可谓无墙不成国家,无墙不成城镇.只不过各种墙的规格不同罢了.然而,中国的墙文化并不等于一味地主张封闭.确切地说,是对外封闭,而对内开放.这和西方不一样,西方人的墙少,对外是开放 的;但宅内部却是封闭的,即使父母要进孩子的房间,也需要得到允许,否则便是失礼.中国的宅院虽对外封闭,其内部却到处有游廊窗阁相辖.那此做家长的.,有权取消一切人等的个人隐私.特别是如同<红楼梦>中史太君那样的家长.在人神关系的表现上,西方基督教文化承认上帝的绝对权威,认为人类是上帝的奴隶,人类成员不分贵贱在上帝面前,人人平等.中国传统文化则不同,在中国历史上最有权威的往往不是神灵,而是皇帝.如隋唐时代,三教并兴,唐太宗做皇帝,便以皇帝的身份给儒,道,佛排座次.因为本皇帝姓要,道教的创始人也姓李,因而就把道教排在第一位,所谓一道二儒三佛.后来武则天做了皇帝,道教便也失宠,于是重新给儒首佛座次，认为佛每儒第二,道第三.这样的做法,在基督教文化那里是不可思议的,皇帝也是凡人,凡人怎么能给宗教崇拜的神明排座次呢?其实,他们殊不知更有甚者,中国皇帝不但可以给神明排座次,还具有为凡人灵魂授爵的爱好,皇帝尊重孔夫了,就可以敕封他为大成至圣先师,皇帝喜欢关云长,就可以敕封他为荡魔大将帝.不但如此,连开堂地狱中的事情,皇帝也可以管得.京剧中不一出传统红<铡判官>,讲地府中的判官行私枉法,阎君说:”阴间事不用你阳官来管”但包老爷更加理直气壮,声言:”宋朝天子他封我阴阳二官”于是,阎君没有脾气.正因为中国古来有这样的传统,所以中国从来不是一个宗教性的国家,中国老百姓进寺院烧香,就和传统的西方的基督教徒进教堂的含义不同一样了.基督教认为人生而有罪---原罪,进教堂的目的是去忏悔自己的行为,中国人不懂什么叫忏悔,在更多的情况下,好像在和神明做生意.花几个钱,烧一柱香,便希望合家平安,便祈祷有美好的前程,或生个大胖儿子,或找一门好婚事,或生意兴隆,日日发财.中国人似乎比神灵更精明,一方面,学习孔夫子”敬鬼神而远之”一方面亦希望鬼神能为已服务.古代中国的皇权是高于一切的,但皇帝不能长命百岁.皇帝死了,便要根据其一生表现给一个庙号.刘邦创立天下,便称高祖,刘恒,刘启做皇帝时天下大治,便称文帝,.武帝,刘彻八次出兵,将匈奴逐出漠北,死后便尊为武帝.杨广昏庸暴虐,死于臣子手下,使称 帝.此外还有哀帝,献帝,少帝之类,都是不祥之兆.这样看来,皇权虽大,但冥冥中还有一个高于皇权的力量,这个力量就是道,开明的皇帝,便是有道,否则既是无道.中国文化中的道,不但可以管皇帝,而且还可以世间的万物,也管天上的神仙和地下的鬼魂.以道衡量,中国的一切神仙都有缺点,故而狐鬼神仙世界便也有了善恶,恶神善鬼,是中人智慧的表现,所以中国的许多妖狐鬼魅也是最有人情味的,像<聊斋志异>中许多美丽的善良的鬼狐,谁个不喜欢.中国古人的道,无所不在,无时不在.它近乎现代人观念中的普遍规律,不过不是能用简洁的语言概括的规律,唯其如此,老子才说:”道可道,非常道”

中国古人重视道的影响,讲究天理,天命,天道,天运,又讲天时,地利,人和,主张天人合一,无论天上地下,还是世间万物,都被统一的力量所左右,而这力量正与人间的伦理纲常相合.中国古人不但讲天人合一而且相信天人感应,统治都作了坏事,会天怒人怨,做了好事,等于顺应天理,会得到上天与人世的共同支持,所以<易经>上说:”天行健,君子以自强不息”,”地势坤,君子以厚德载物”.就是要人们去恶扬善,自强不息.中国文化传统,最重视人生,也最热爱人生,强调”食色性也”认定吃饭是第一位的,生儿育女是顶重要后是珍视生命,贵生恶死,二是重视生儿育女,传记宗接代.因为重视生命,所以最有中国文化特色的道教,就有了与其它一般宗教绝然不同的文化品格.大抵宗教的特点是研究人死后怎么样,而道教则一心关注人怎么能不 死?因为重视传宗接代,所以对孔夫子说的”不孝有三,无后为大”才抱有宗教般的感情,在中国古人心目中,一切身外之物都可以不要,唯独不能没有子嗣.中华民族又是一个热爱生活匠.勇于生活并善于生活的民族.这表现在中国人对生活的态度上.中华民族既是一个特别能吃苦耐劳的民族,又是一个特别讲究美食的民族,既是一个勇于与恶劣环境作斗争的民族,又是一个特别善于利用环境求生存的民族.所以中国的确良 饮食,曾经独领风骚于世界.中国人在职 极其恶劣的自然条件下亦能顽强生存,自给自足.中国文化传统表现在民族关系上,使民族和睦成为中华民族关系史上的主旋律.历史上虽有许多民族冲突,但终究归于一体.中国文化传统表现在人生信仰方面,主张宗教宽容,虽然也曾有过宗教冲突,但总体而言,不同的信仰可以和睦相处,甚至可以相互促进,相得益彰.中国历史上最值得骄傲的盛唐文化,就是儒道佛三家文化共存共融的结果,可以说,没有其中任何一家的努力,.都不会有伟大的盛唐文明.中国文化传统表现在文学,.艺术上,使中国艺术具有独特的审美价值.中国古人善于师法自然,造化天功,抒情写意,不失天然本色,比如中国的古代建筑艺术,最擅长借天然景色,变天上景为人间景,使二者相互融为 一体,更见光辉.如北京旧时燕就八景之一的芦沟晓月,就深得个中三昧,月亮本是自然景观,建筑师却使它与芦沟发生关联,桥因月而生辉,月因桥而增色,这便是中国人特有的思维和设计方式,而这种方式对于现代人类保护和利用环境仍有宝贵的借鉴价值.中国文化传统这些特点,使中国文化更具兼容性,整体性,现实性和模糊性.表现在行为方式上,古代中国人不喜欢天人分裂的极端行为,更喜欢儒家学说中的中庸之道.中国文化传统的这些特点,决定了中国文化具有强大的向心力,中国人热爱故土,重视乡土人情,虽远游千里,终不忘落叶归根.有人说中国人最重种族血缘关系,其实不然,和日本民族相比,中国人更重视土地,日本才是最重视血缘关系的民族,所以异族人在日本生活，即使住上一百年,仍然不能同化到日本民族中去,西方人又不同,他们最重功利,利之所在,即义之所在,氢离乡背井,寻找新的生活环境,并不是特别难堪的事情.中国人最重视乡土关系的,只要在同一块土地上生活,便是老乡,而老乡见老乡,便中两眼泪汪汪,旧诗中写人生四大美事:久旱逢甘霖,他乡遇故知,洞房花烛夜,金榜题名时.其中第二件说的就是乡土情谊.但中国文化传统,不仅重视亲情关系,而且非常重视人际关系,中国是一个最富有人情味的国家,中国人好客,有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎,中国人重礼仪,重道德,重伦常,爱面子,凡此种种,使得中国人对人生具有一种充满善意的态度和美好物希望,.叶公问政,子曰,近者悦,远者来,仲弓问仁,子曰,出门如见大宾,使怊承大祭,已所不欲勿施于人.但也应看到,古代中国虽然从来不是一个宗教国家,却是一个历史极为漫长的等级制国家,人分九等,尊卑有序,官民界线分明,奴才都分大小,君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲,使人生倾斜,观念僵化.在官场上,宰相虽大,但皇权更大,正如明朝高有迁杖,即使身为宰相,一旦触怒了皇帝,也马上拖下去痛打,知县在秦代还是重要的官吏，但后来官僚队伍日益庞大,县官地位亦日见卑下,所谓七品县令,不过芝麻小官,他们一方面对皇权形如蚂蚁,但转脸而对百姓,便成了大象,一方百姓的父母官,虽然孟子说过,民为贵,社稷次之,君为轻的话,但中国传统文化本质上依然属于官本位类型,这是中国自宋元以降,慢慢而至大大落后于世界文明历史发展水平的重要原因之一.日本的一位学者比较中,日文化,说中国文化是至尊与至强合一的文化,而日本文化是至尊与至强分离的文化,日本历史上的至尊者,唯有天皇,所以除非皇族嫡系,没有人对天皇的宝座存在幻想,但至强者却未必是天皇,在相当长的时期内,天皇因然至尊,幕府才是至强,所以日本人的文化性格,就有了两重性,一方面不作至尊的梦想,一方面又有无比强烈的自强精神。中国传统文化则不同。至尊者，是皇帝；至强者，也是皇帝。其流势在于，中办特别是中斩知识分子，智慧回然绝不弱于他人，但人格很难完整，在皇权与官僚面前，往往不知不觉，便矮下去三尺。

中国文化传统，又是一种重农抑商、重“仕”轻技的文化类型。一方面轻视和歧视商人，一方面又轻视和藐视科技。所以中国虽有“四大发明”。但在世界近代科学史上的发明创造者中，却很少有吕国人的名字。郑和下西洋的时间虽然早于哥伦布，却没有到得哥伦布那样的历史性成绩。此无地，因为郑和后面缺少控商业作后盾，也缺少控文明的有力支持。

中国传统文化的我，决定了中国在相当多的历史阶段不是一个开放性的国家，而且自我中心观念严重。总认为别人有的，我们中国全有；不但全有，而且比人家的资格更老。这种盲目的老大思想，往往使得中国人对自己缺乏正确认识。日本人总有危机感，中国人却很少危机感。很能多情况下，明明已经发生危机，还以为天下无事不乐，只管高枕无忧。

公平地讲，世界上各个不同民族的历史文化，在宏观意义上考虑并没有优劣之分，而在阶段意义上讲，却有优劣之别。中国自15世纪以后，与西方文明拉开距离，这是一个不争的事实。

中华民族的文明史，实是一部尺心动魂、催人泪下的兴衰史。中国虽然是唯一没有发生文化断层的历史文明士古国，但没有断层，不等于没有兴衰菪；中华民族虽然曾领风骚于世界，但也曾成为让别人看不起的东亚病夫。

反思中华民族的兴衰史，我们得出这样的结论：凡开放时期，便是兴旺时期；凡封闭时期，则是已经衰落或正在走向衰落的时期。

春秋战国时代，是中国历史最辉煌的一页那是一个开放的时代，齐人可以去魏，魏人可以入秦，燕人可以南下，楚人可以北上；百家争鸣，百花齐放。唐代文明，是中国历史上最什得骄傲的一段。唐前经过数百年兴衰**，使得唐王朝具有博大的历史胸襟。唐时文化兴旺，对儒文化、道文化、佛文化以及各个少数的文化，均采取宽容的态度。所谓唐人有胡气，正说明了唐人勇于开放；唐人有明气，才显示了唐文化博大瑰丽的历史风貌。

中国自15世纪始，落后于西方。此后一去三百年，与世界先进国家的差距越来越大。直到鸦片战争，才使得中华民族从历史文化迷梦中尺醒起来。

积中华民族数千年之经验，积中国历史数百年之教训：唯有开放的中国才有光明的前程！

自然，开放不是一个孤立的社会举措。与其说国家的开放是一项政策，不如说是一项伟大的历史性的文化工程。国家的开放，必须要有与之相适应的思想观念、管理体制、文化教育和经济战略相配合，要讲究科学与文明，要提高整个民族的文化素质。未来中国要赶上世界潮流，就要造就一代具有高度科学水平和文化修养的中国人。

一要开放，二要科学，三要文明，这正是中国历史兴盛发达的原因所在。现代中国人之所以要反思自己民族和国家的历史就是要正确的评价别人和自己，从而找出正确的发展道路，以最快的速度、最好的方式，赶上世界潮流成为先进国家。李约瑟说过：“当东西方科技接触时，会达友一个互相融为一体的时机。”但他没有说，这是一个怎样的时机。

我们认为，当世界各民族文化终于融为一体的时候，将成人类文明的伟大历史机遇和空前盛的历史性节日。

第五篇：中国文化相关词汇英文翻译

中国文化相关词汇英文翻译

元宵节：Lantern Festival 刺绣：embroidery 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 清明节：Tomb sweeping day 剪纸：Paper Cutting 书法：Calligraphy 对联：（Spring Festival）Couplets 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 战国：Warring States 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 函授部：The Correspondence Department 集体舞：Group Dance 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 红白喜事：Weedings and Funerals 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 结婚证：Marriage Certificate 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 附属学校：Affiliated school 古装片：Costume Drama 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling（Soup）一国两制：One Country，Two Systems 火锅：Hot Pot 四人帮：Gang of Four 《诗经》：The Book of Songs 素质教育：Essential-qualities-Oriental Education 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 大跃进：Great Leap Forward（Movement）《西游记》：The Journey to the West 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 针灸：Acupuncture 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/The Tang Tri-colored pottery 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 偏旁：radical 孟子：Mencius 亭/阁：Pavilion/Attic 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 火药：gunpowder 农历：Lunar Calendar 印/玺：Seal/Stamp 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera 太极拳：Tai Chi 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand 红双喜：Double Happiness 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor 春卷：Spring Roll（s）莲藕：Lotus Root 追星族：Star Struck 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue 下岗：Lay off/Laid off 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit 香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match 《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）：The Four Treasure of the Study：Brush，Inkstick，Paper，and Inkstone 兵马俑：cotta Warriors/Terracotta Army 旗袍：cheongsam 光棍节：Single day 相亲谎言：Blind date lie 北京精神：Beijing spirit 鱼疗：Fish pedicure 白名单：White list 后窗文化：Rear window culture 垃圾时尚：Trashion 放养老公：Free-range husband常见中国传统文化专用词汇英文翻译

1.中国意念词（Chinesenesses）八卦：trigram 阴、阳：Yin，Yang 道：Dao（cf.logo）江湖（世界）：the jianghu World（the traits’ world）

e.g.You can’t control everything in a traits’ world.（人在江湖，身不由己）道：Daoism（Taoism）

上火：excessive internal heat 儒学：Confucianism 红学（《红楼梦》研究）：redology 世外桃源：Shangri-la or Arcadia 开放：Kaifang（Chinese openness to the outside world）大锅饭：getting an equal share regardless of the wounded 伤痕文学：scar literature or the literature of the wounded 不搞一刀切：no imposing uniformity on...合乎国情，顺乎民意：to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 乱摊派，乱收费：imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 铁交椅：iron（lifetime）post’s /guaranteed leading post 脱贫：to shake off poverty/anti-poverty 治则兴，乱则衰：Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline

2.中华民族的喜庆节日（Chinese Festival）国庆节：National Day 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day/Festival 春节：Spring Festival 元宵节：Lantern Festival 儿童节：Children’s Day 端午节：Dragon Boat Festival 妇女节：Women’s Day 泼水节：Water-Splashing Day 教师节：Teachers’ Day 五四青年节：Youth Day

3.中国独特的传统饮食（Unique Traditional Chinese Foods）馄饨：wonton 锅贴：guotie（fried jiaozi）花卷：steamed twisted rolls 套餐：set meal 盒饭：box lunch/Chinese take-away 米豆腐：rice tofu 魔芋豆腐：konjak tofu 米粉：rice noodles 冰糖葫芦：a stick of sugar-coated haws（or apples，etc.）火锅：chafing dish 八宝饭：eight-treasure rice pudding 粉丝：glass noodles 豆腐脑：jellied bean curd

4.中国新兴事物（Newly Sprouted Things）中国电信：China Telecom 中国移动：China Mobile 十五计划：the 10th Five-Year Plan 中国电脑联网：Chinanet 三峡工程：the Three Gorges Project 希望工程：Project Hope 京九铁路：Beijing CKowloon Railway 扶贫工程：Anti-Poverty Project 菜篮子工程：Vegetable Basket Project 温饱工程：Decent-Life Project 安居工程：Economy Housing Project 扫黄：Pom-Purging Campaign 西部大开发：Go-West Campaign

5.特有的一些汉语词汇 禅宗：Zen Buddhism 禅：dhyana/dhgaya 混沌：chaos

道：Daosim/the way and its power 四谛：Four Nobel Truth 八正道：Eightfold Path 无常：anity 五行说：Theory of Five Elements 无我：anatman 坐禅：metta or transcendental meditation 空：sunyata 虚无：nothingness 双喜：double happiness（中）/a doubled stroke of luck（英）小品：witty skits 相声：cross-talk 噱头/掉包袱：gimmick/stunk 夜猫子：night people/night-owls 本命年：this animal year of sb.处世之道：philosophy of life 姻缘：yinyuan（prefixed fate of marriage）还愿：redeem a wish（vows）

6.具有文化特色的现代表述 大陆中国：Mainland China 红宝书：little red book 红色中国：socialist China 四化：Four Modemizations 终身职业：job-for-life 铁饭碗：iron rice bowl 大锅饭：communal pot 关系户：closely-related units 外出打工人员：migrant workers 关系网：personal nets/closely-knitted guild 五讲（讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德）：the Five Merits focus on decorum，manners，hygiene，disciplines and morals 四美（心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美）：the Four Virtues are golden heart，refined language，civilized behavior，and green environment

7.中国古代独特事物（Unique Ancient Chinese Items）宣纸：rice paper 衙门：yamen 扣头：kowtow 孔子：Confucius 牌楼：pailou/pai-loo 武术：wushu（Chinese Martial Arts）功夫：kungfu/kung fu 中庸：the way of medium（cf.Golden Means）中和：harmony（zhonghe）孝顺：to show filial obedience 孝子：dutiful son 家长：family head 三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲：three cardinal guides ruler guides subject，father guides son，husband guides wife 五常：仁、义、理、智、信：five constant virtues：benevolence（humanity），righteousness，propriety，wisdom and fidelity 八股文：eight-legged essays 多福多子：The more sons/children，the more blessing/great happiness 养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age

8.近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译 基层监督：grass-roots supervision 基础税率：base tariff level 婚介所：matrimonial agency 婚外恋：extramarital love 婚纱摄影：bride photo 黑心棉：shoddy cotton 机器阅卷：machine scoring 即开型奖券：scratch-open ticket/lottery 集中精力把经济搞上去：go all for economic development 价格听证会：public price hearings 甲A球队：Division A Soccer Team 家政服务：household management service 加强舆论监督：ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 假账：accounting fraud 叫板：challenge/pick a quarrel 矫情：use lame arguments 渐进式台独：gradual Taiwan independence 借调：temporarily transfer 扩大中等收入者比重：Raise the proportion of the middle-income group 扩大内需，刺激消费：expand domestic，demand and consumption