顺译、增词、调整语序

第一篇：顺译、增词、调整语序

第四讲

科技英语翻译基本方法和技巧

（顺译、调整语序和增词）

一、顺译和调整语序

汉语是分析性语言，英语基本上也属于分析性语言，这两种语言在基本语法结构上，尤其在基本语序上存在许多相通之处。但由于英语属于印欧语系，而汉语属于汉藏语系，两种语言在句子结构方面存在着较大的差别。这两种语言之间所具有的相通之处使得我们在英译汉时，在一定情况下可采用顺译方法；由于英汉两种语言之间存在着较大的差异，使我们在英译汉时有时只好调整语序。在英译汉实践中，顺译和调整语序是两种基本的翻译方法。现分述如下。

1、顺译

所谓顺译，是指基本上保留原文的语法结构，即在语序和句序上不作较大变动。一般说来，凡是原文结构接近汉语、顺译并且也符合汉语表达习惯的，都可以采用顺译，因为顺译不但使译文与原文“神似”而且也“貌合”。

(1)Data flow into the machine is called input．数据流入机器称为输入。

(2)Temperature affects matter in many ways．温度影响物质的许多方面。

(3)Computers can work through a series of problems and make thousands of 1ogical decisions without becoming tired．计算机能解决很多问题，做出成千上万个符合逻辑的决定，而不感到疲倦。(4)Scientists have developed a second generation of the blood substitute that solves the problem of blood storage．科学家们已经研制出第二代血液代用品，从而解决了血液的储存问题。(5)When fuels burn，chemical energy changes into light and heat energy．

(6)Computer adaptive testing uses computer technology to tailor exams to a person’s ability．计算机自适应测试采用计算机技术使考试适合每个人的能力。

(7)The newly-developed technique has been applied to the production．

(8)From a long-term perspective，Internet shopping is but a low-level aspect of the Net，and it is not likely to become the most important trend．从长远来看，网上购物仅仅是低层次的网络化，未必会成为最主要的趋向。

(9)Since the oldest forms of life were all sea life，many scientists believe life began in the sea．由于最古老的生命形式是海洋生物，因此许多科学家认为生命起源于海洋。(10)Some desert animals can survive the very strong summer heat and dryness because they have very unusual characters．某些沙漠中的动物之所以能够生存在夏季高温、干燥的环境中，是因为它们都有不同寻常的特点。

(11)Eggs and meat contain large amounts of protein and variable quantities of fat．蛋类和肉类含有大量的蛋白质和不定数量的脂肪。

(12)Properly speaking，not all substances exist in all three states．

(13)Insomnia has greatly told on his health．失眠已大大地影响了他的健康。

(14)We are taking steps to prevent stream and air pollution．(15)In building a bridge，metals have taken the place of wood and stone．在建造桥梁中，金属已取代了木头和石头

2、调整语序

由于英语和汉语存在较大差别，在很多情况下翻译工作者很难做到顺译，而要调整语序。所谓调整语序，是指按照汉语语法规则调整英语句子某些成分或某些从句的位置，以便符合汉语表达习惯。

(1)Earthquakes seem less easy to be controlled by man than weather．人类要控制地震似乎比控制天气更难。

(2)Electrical engineering has been developed greatly in less than a century．

(3)Every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior．每一种生物都有控制自己行为的时钟，科学家们称之为生物钟。

(4)The moon is completely empty of water because the force of gravity on the moon is much less than on the earth．(5)The virtual reality technology is hindered right now by the fact that today’s computers are simply not fast enough．目前，计算机运行速度缓慢制约着虚拟现实技术的发展。

(6)Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals．对于危害海洋动物健康的噪声，其强度和种类，科学家了解甚少。

(7)Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings．

(8)Living things are very sensitive to comparatively small temperature changes．

(9)That laser is a new light source known to us．(10)To explain the law of relativity is difficult for most people．

(13)That energy and mass are equal and interchangeable is known to every student of science．理科学生人人都懂得能量和质量是相等而且是可以互相转换的。

(14)Many organisms can be found in the cold polar regions．在寒冷的南北极地区有许许多多生物。

(15)Now in some factories，raw materials are processed by means of computers．

二、增词

英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时要在词量上加以增减。所谓增词译法，就是在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句，这当然不是无中生有地随意增词，而是增加原文中虽无其词但有其意的一些词，完整表达原文意义。

1、增加表示名词复数概念的词语

翻译时，有时为了明确原文的含义，需要通过增译“们”、“一些”、“许多”等词语把英语中表示名词复数的概念译出。(1)Carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon oxides．碳同氧化合形成多种氧化碳。

(2)Of visible lights，red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength．

(3)When the plants died and decayed，they formed layers of organic materials．植物腐烂后，形成了一层层有机物。(4)In the 1980s，departments bought their own minicomputers and managers bought their PCs．20世纪80年代，许多部门都购买了自己的微机，经理们也购买个人电脑。

(5)There is enough coal to meet the world’s needs for centuries to come．有足够的煤来满足全世界未来几个世纪的各种需要。(6)Amphibians and birds do differ significantly．两栖类和鸟类之间有显著的差别。

(7)Things in the universe are changing all the time．(8)The substances get into the soil，into plants and into human bodies．这些物质进入土壤、植物和人体。(9)Air is a mixture of gases．

2、增加表示时态的词语

汉语的动词没有表示时态的词形变化和相应的助动词，因此翻译时应增译相应的时间副词或助词，用来表示不同的时态。

(1)Contemporary natural sciences are now working for new important breakthroughs．当代自然科学正在酝酿着新的重大突破。

(2)Humans have been dreaming of copies of themselves for thousands of years．千百年来，人类一直梦想制造出自己的复制品。

(3)This natural approach to remediating hazardous wastes in the soil，water，and air is capturing the attention of government regulators, industries，landowners and researchers．这种清除土壤、水以及空气中有害废品的自然方法正日益受到各政府首脑、企业、土地所有者、研究人员们的关注。(4)The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird．(5)By the turn of the 19th century geologists had found that rock layers occurred in a definite order．到19世纪初，地质学家已发现岩层有一定的次序。

(6)Some day man will be able to utilize the solar energy．(7)It’s time to ring farewell to the century of physics and ring in the century of biotechnology．现在是告别物理学世纪、迎接生物技术世纪的时候了。

(8)This company has been manufacturing computers for five years．这家公司五年来一直在生产计算机。

(9)The earth’s population is doubling，the environment is being damaged．地球的人口正在加倍增长，环境也在不断受到破坏。

3、增加表示句子主语的词语

当被动句中的谓语是表示“知道”、“了解”、“看见”、“认为”、“发现”、“考虑”等意思的动词时，通常可在其前增加“人们”、“我们”、“有人”等词语，译成汉语的主动句。

(1)Weak magnetic fields are known to come from the human body．我们知道，人体能产生微弱的磁场。

(2)It is estimated that the new synergy between computers and Net technology will have significant influence on the industry of the future．有人预测，新的电脑和网络技术的结 合将会对未来工业产生巨大的影响。

(3)It’s believed that we shall make full use of the sun’s energy some day．

(4)With the development of modern electrical engineering，power can be transmitted to wherever it is needed．(5)It is said that numerical control is the operation of machine tools by numbers．人们说，数控就是机床用数字加以操纵。

(6)It’s pointed out that societies have long operated under the assumption that the oceans and rivers would wash away pollution，the winds would cleanse the air，and the soil could bury the rest．有人指出，我们的社会长期以来在处理垃圾时都认为海洋和河流会把污染冲走，风会把空气吹净，而土壤则会把其他污染埋藏。

(7)Potassium and sodium are seldom met in their natural state．(8)The design is considered practical．大家认为这一设计切实可行。

(9)A few years ago it was thought unusual that programs could ever be called up by viewers to be displayed on their TV screens at home．几 年前人们还认为观众在家里打电话收看电视节目是件稀罕事。

(10)It may be supposed that originally the earth’s land surface was composed of rock only．我们可以设想地球陆地表面原先完全是由岩石构成的。

4、增加原文中省略的词语

英语句子的某些成分如果已在前面出现，有时则往往省略，但汉译时，一般需要将其补出。

(1)You have seen how water expands when it is heated and contracts when it is cooled．你已经看到水受热时怎样膨胀，冷却时又怎样收缩。

(2)The changes in matter around us are of two types，physical and chemical．

(3)High voltage is necessary for long transmission line while low voltage for safe use．远距离输电需要高压，安全用电需要低压。

(4)The sun is regarded as the chief source of heat and light．(5)High temperatures and pressures changed the organic materials into coal, petroleum and natural gas．高温和高压把这些有机物变成了煤、石油和天然气。

(6)Plastic bowls marked microwavable are probably safer than those that aren’t．使用贴有“可用于微波炉烹调”标志的塑料碗也许比使用没有贴这种标志的塑料碗更安全。

(7)Under no circumstances can more work be got out of a machine than is put into it．机器输出功决不能大于输入功。(8)Matter can be changed into energy and energy into matter．(9)This experimental result is in inverse ratio to that．(10)Carbon steels are classified as low，medium，and high carbon steels．碳钢可分为低碳钢、中碳钢和高碳钢。

5、增加具体化、明确化的词语

有些英语句子如果直译成汉语，意思表达不够具体和明确，由此汉译时须增译相关词语。

(1)The statistics brought out a gender division between hard and soft science：girls tending toward biology，boys tending toward maths and physics． 统计表明，从事硬科学和软科学研究的科学家在性别上存在着差别：女性倾向于生物学的研究，而男性则倾向于数学和物理学的研究。

(2)Were there no electric pressure in a conductor，the electron flow would not take place in it．导体内如果没有电压，便不会产生电子流动现象。

(3)These apes are confined to fast-vanishing tropical rain forest or woodland habitats．这些类人猿的生活局限于正在迅速消失的热带雨林或森林栖息地中。

(4)In the US，there is evidence that schoolchildren with access to the Internet are starting to watch less TV and spend more time surfing the Net．在美国，有证据表明接触因特网的在校学生看电视看得少了，在网上冲浪的时间增加了。(5)Net is best suited for small and medium enterprises to band together and break the monopolies of the“giants”．网络是中小型企业共同合作打破“霸主”垄断的最好工具。(6)During an El Nino the pressures over Australia, Indonesia and the Philippines are higher than normal，which results in dry conditions or even droughts．当出现“厄尔尼诺”现象时，澳大利亚、印度尼西亚和菲律宾上空的大气压会比平常高，会出现干旱，甚至还会发生旱灾。

(7)At the moment，developed areas in Europe, the United States and Asia have already started studying the possibility of an electronic currency．目前，欧洲、美国以及亚洲一些发达地区已经开始研究推行电子货币的可能性。

(8)This is the first step toward the solution of air pollution

(9)Floppy disks have always been cheap to make and relatively easy to copy．

第二篇：汉翻英增词译法

汉翻英增词译法

Ⅰ、by adding necessary pronouns 增加必要的代词 大作收到，十分高兴。

I was very glad to have received your writing.没有调查研究就没有发言权。

He who makes no research has no right to speak.交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。

Before handing in your translation, you must read it for several times and see if there is anything to be corrected or improved.Ⅱ、by adding necessary articles 增加必要的冠词 我们对问题要做全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。

We should make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be solved properly.耳朵是用来听声音的器官，鼻子用来嗅气味，舌头用来尝东西。The ear is the organ which is used for hearing.The nose is used for smelling.The tongue is used for tasting.Ⅲ、by adding necessary connectives 增加必要的连接词 老师在等我，我得走了。

The teacher is expecting me, so I must be off now.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。

Modesty helps one to forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.小孩受了惊吓就会哭。The little child will cry when they are frightened.Ⅳ、by adding prepositions 增加必要的介词 咱们校门口见吧。Let’s meet at the school gate.你是白天工作还是夜间工作？ Do you work in the daytime or at night?

第三篇：合词合句译法

第十节合词译法

无论是西方作家．还是中国作家，都喜欢连用同义词以强调其表达的意思。西方作家常用的是成对词，而中国作家常用的是一条前后两个部分为同一意思的四字成语，或两条同义成语。既然这些同义词表达的是同一个意思．我们就可以他们合起来翻译也就是采用合词译法．请看下面的翻译实例。

1)You’ll supplyfinancial power, and we’ll supply man power.Isn't that fair and square?

2)In our workshop there is a hard and fast rule against smoking.3)He is dead and gone.他的确死了。

4)His father is a man who forgives and forgets.5)Her son was wise and clever, but her daughter was silly and foolish.她的儿子非常聪明，可她的女儿却很笨。

6)She shook and trembled with fear.7）He is a man of culture and learning.8)We must reach our goals and aims.我们必须到达目的。

9）He suffered aches and pains．

10)It's a ways and means of propaganda.这是种宣传方法。

11)It’s right and proper to try it.12)The room is cozy and comfortable.13)She was surprised and taken aback.她着实吃了一惊。

14)Really and truly?

15)I hate all these hustle and bustle.16)要不然时叫他趁早回心转意，有多少好处。〔曹雪芹《红楼梦》，第四＋六回）Otherwise, the sooner she changes her mind the better for her.17）其中又见林黛玉是个出类拔萃的，便更与黛玉亲敬异常。（曹雪芹《红楼梦》，第四十九回）

Noticing too that Daiyu stood out from the rest, she treated her even more affectinately.18)紫鹃笑道“我说的是好话，不过叫你心里留神，并没叫你去为非作歹。何苦回老太太，叫我吃了亏，又有什么好处！” 〔曹雪芹《红楼梦》第五＋七回）

“I meant well,“ was the smiling answer.“ I just wanted you to look out for yourself, not to do anything wrong.What good will it do if you report me to the old lady and get me into trouble?”

19)（曹雪芹《红楼梦》，第八十四回）

As Concubine Zhao was storming, Jia Huan in the outer room made an even more startling statement.20)(他们)都是些狐群狗党！（曹雪芹《红楼梦》第九十回）

They're a pack of curs!

21）（宝玉和黛玉）真是言和意顺，似漆如胶．（曹雪芹《红楼梦》，第五回）On all matters, indeed, they were in complete accord.22是小丫头们，亦多和宝钗亲近．（曹雪芹《红楼梦》，第五回）

Besides, Baochai's generous, tactful and accommodating ways contrasted strongly with Daiyu' stand-offish reserve and won the hearts of her subordinates, so that nearly all the maids like to chat with her.23楼梦》，第一百十六回）…

…though it was so small and had no blossoms its delicate grace was utterly enchanting.24一＋九回）

Today, entering for the examination, you're going to be entirely on your own, so you'll have to take care of yourselves.25Plenty of real gentlefolk go hungry.26）中国人民的不屈不挠的努力必将稳步地达到自己的目的．（《毛泽东选集》第五卷）By our own indomitable efforts we the Chinese people will unswervingly reach our goal.27

He is determined to turn over a new leaf.28

How can you kick down the ladder?

29）二十年，时间看起来很长，一晃就过去了。所以，我们从八十年代的第一年开始，就必须一天也不耽误，专心致志地，聚精会神地搞四个现代化建设。（《邓小平文选》第二卷）Although a period of 20 years sounds quite long, the time will slip by very quickly.From the very first year of the 1980s,we must devote our full attention to achieving the four modernizations and not waste a single day.30）有些企业和单位，群众自己选举出的干部，部．很快此作出了成绩，比单是从上面指定的干部合适得多。（《邓小平文选》第 二卷）In some enterprises and other units, cadres who volunteered for leading

posts or were elected to them by the masses have achieved much in little

time and proved more capable than cadres appointed from above.31)陈词滥调old stuff

32）痴心妄想wishful thinking／fond dream

33）长篇大论a ponderous thesis/a lengthy speech(or article)

34）粗心大意careless/ negligent

35）丰功伟绩great（or magnificent）contributions.36）灵丹妙药miraculous cure /heal-all

37）自以为是，夜郎自大self-conceited /arrogant

38)以怨报德，恩将仇报return kindness with ingratitude

39）低三下四, 奴颜卑膝humble oneself

40）宽宏大量，既往不咎forgive and forget

无论是英译汉，还是汉译英，我们都必须注意到原文中用同义词时所产生的强调成分。如上面第三例句中“dead and gone”译成“的确死了”，第四例句“forgive and forget”译成“非常宽容”，第五例句中“wise and clever”和“silly and foolish”分别译成“非常聪明”和“很笨”，第六例句中“shook and trembled”译成“不停地抖”，第七例句中“culture and learning”译成“很有学问”第九例句中“aches and pains”译成“百般疼痛”，第十一例句中“right and proper”译成“完全正确”，第＋二例句“cozy and comfortable”译成“非常舒适”，第十三例句中“was surprised and

taken aback”译成“”第十四例句中“really and truly”译成“”第十五例句中“hustle and bustle”译成“拥挤不堪的场面”第二十一例句中“言和意顺，似漆如胶”译成“were in complete accord”，第二十三例句中“心动神怡，魂消魄丧”译成“was utterly enchanting”，第二十例句中“孤孤凄凄，举目无亲”译成“to be entirely your own”第二十九例句中“专心致志，聚精会神”译成“devote our full attention to”

第十一节合句译法

一般说来，英语句子要比汉语句子长，一个英语句子要比一个汉语句子具有更大的容量。因此，我们在汉译英时有必要，也有可能把两个或两个以上的汉语句子翻译成一个英语句子.比较口语化的英语句子也比较短，我们在英译汉时也经常要用合句译法,把两个或两个以上的英语句子翻译成一个汉语句子.请看下面的例句。

1)The young man was very miserable.// He has no money about him.// All his savings had been stolen.2)Darkness fell.// An explosion shock the earth.// It did not shake his will to go to the front.夜幕降落时，一声爆炸震动了大地，可并没有动摇他上前线的决心。

3)That day, the President had an interview with her father.// Her father was going to the moon by space shuttle.那天，总统会见了她的父亲，因为她的父亲即将乘航天飞机去登月。

4)She is very busy at home.// She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work.她在家很忙，又要看好孩子，又要下厨。

5)众人忙问端的。//他乃道：“原来本府新升的太爷姓贾名化，// 本贯胡州人士，// 曾与女婿旧日相交。”（曹雪芹《红楼梦》）Asked what had happened, he told them: “This new prefect,Jia Hua, is a native of Huzhou and an old friend of my son-in-law.”

6)这贾菌亦系荣国府近派的重孙，// 其母亦少寡，//独守着贾菌。（曹雪芹《红楼梦》）Jia Jun was a great-great-grandson of the Duke of Rongguo, and the only son of his mother who had been widowed early.7)袭人之母也早迎了出来。// 袭人拉了宝玉进去。（曹雪芹《红楼梦》）

By now Xiren’s mother had come out to greet him too, and Xiren led Baoyu in.8)说毕，张道士方退出去。// 这里贾母与众人上了楼，在正面楼上归坐。// 凤姐等占了东楼。（曹雪芹《红楼梦》）Thereupon the priest withdrew ,while the Lady Dowager and her party went upstairs to sit in the main balcony, Xifeng and her companions occupying that to the east.9)邢夫人将方才的话只略说了几句，// 贾赦无法，又含愧。（曹雪芹《红楼梦》）When Lady Xing gave her husband an abbreviated version of what the Lady Dowager had said, Jia She felt at a loss and bitterly mortified.10)贾琏见他去了，只得回来瞧凤姐。// 谁知凤姐已醒了，听他和鸳鸯借当。（曹雪芹《红楼梦》）As soon as she had gone Jia Lian went in to see Xifeng, who had woken up and heard him ask for a loan.11)笛声止了。// 远远地起了拍掌声和欢笑声。The flute stopped, and in the distance there was applause and laughter.12)旧历新年快来了。// 这是一年中的第一件大事。// 除了那些负债过多的人以外，大家都热烈地欢迎这个佳节的到来。（巴金《家》）The traditional New Year Holiday was fast approaching, the first big event of year, and everyone, except those who owed heavy debts—which traditionally had to be paid off before the end of the year—was enthusiastically looking forward to it.13)只有吴荪甫的眼睛里却闪出了兴奋的光彩。// 和孙吉人尚属初交，真看不出来这个细长脖子的小脑袋里倒怀着那样的高瞻远瞩的气魄。（茅盾《子夜》）

However Wusunfu’s eyes gleamed with excitement, for Sun Jiren was a comparatively new acquaintance, and Wu sunfu had hardly expected that this man with his small head and long neck would turn out to be so far-sighted and unconventional.采用合句译法时, 都是根据原文各句之间的逻辑关系, 在译文的句与句之间加上连接词语, 如汉语译文中的 “因为”, “如果”, “但是”, “又…又…” 以及英语译文中的 “and”, “while”, “when”, “so”, “but”, “because”, “for”, “as”, “who”等.第十二节缩句译法

所谓缩句译法, 就是根据原文的逻辑关系和译文的语言习惯, 把原文中的一个句子紧缩成译文中另一个句子的组成部分.一般情况下, 我们把原文上下文中相对次要的句子紧缩成相对主要的句子的组成部分, 大多紧缩成状语, 也有一部分紧缩成定语和同位语乃至主语.请看下面的例句.1)It was April 1945.the Second World War was coming to an end.1945年4月, 第二次世界大战已接近尾声.(缩为状语)

2)She went back home to take care of her husband.He was seriously ill.她回家却照料病重的丈夫.(缩为定语)

3)They sat down in the waiting-room to do some reading.People came to and off there.他们在人来人往的候车室里坐下来看点书.(缩为定语)

4)Her father became the mayor of the city.He was a murderer in the Second World War.她的父亲, 二次大战中一个杀人凶手, 竟当上了这个城市的市长.(缩为同位语)

5)黛玉又忙命倒茶, 一面又使眼色与宝玉.宝玉会意, 便走了出来.Daiyu ordered tea, glancing at Baoyu as she did so.Taking the hint, he went out of the room.(缩为状语)

6)他在去年夏天把十九岁的女儿小福子卖给了一个军人.卖了二百块钱.(老舍<骆驼祥子>)The summer before, he had sold his nineteen-year-old daughter Joy to an army officer for two hundred silver dollars.(缩为状语)

7)太阳当顶了.田野,从树, 屋舍, 都显现在光明静穆的大平面上.With the sun right overhead now, the field, the clumps of trees and the huts were all picked out clearly on a vast, flat surface, brilliantly lit and still..(缩为状语)

8.道静看见了, 气得浑身发抖.她二话没说, 立刻向经理辞了职.Quivering with anger, Daojing promptly gave notice..(缩为状语)

9.车子漫漫地走着, 在一个泥洼子里渥住了.老孙头一面骂牲口, 一面跳下地来看.The lumbering cart got stuck in the mud.Swearing at his beasts, Old Sun jumped down to take a look.10.这日他比平日起得迟, 看见她已经伏在洗脸台上檫脖子,肥皂的泡沫就如大螃蟹嘴上的水泡一般,高高的堆在两个耳朵后.Getting up later than usual, he saw his wife leaning over the wash-stand rubbing her neck, with bubbles like those emitted by great crabs heaped up over both her ears.(缩为状语)

缩句译法更多地用于汉译英, 一方面是因为汉语句子较短, 而英语句子较长, 另一方面是因为汉语句子相对简单, 而英语句子相对复杂, 结构形式比较丰富多彩.

第四篇：六六顺生日祝福词

六六顺生日庆典祝福词

门前鞭炮声声高，厅中喜气处处飘。喜庆生日六六顺，衷心祝你样样好。一声祝你家庭好，百世其昌享荣耀。合家幸福甜蜜蜜，老少平安乐陶陶。二声祝你身体好，身强力壮志气豪。拼搏进取展宏图，建功立业带头跑。三声祝你口碑好，法纪法规记得牢。诚实守信干实事，品德高尚有情操。四声祝你人缘好，知心朋友身边绕。互帮互助情谊深，左右逢源得好报。五声祝你财运好，聪明才智招财宝。创业创新年年火，利如潮涌逐浪高。六声祝你家风好，道德传家春来早。妻贤子孝人丁旺，文明之家呱呱叫。七声祝你家教好，子女成才有门道。品学兼优心灵美，德艺双馨声誉高。八声祝你仕途好，拼搏进取呈英豪。勇攀高峰创佳绩，锦绣前程步步高。九声祝愿嘉宾好，万事胜意吉星照。十声祝愿酒店好，财源茂盛耸云霄。

说明：

三十六岁（六六大顺）正是每个人风华正茂、走向成熟的黄金期。在“美丽中国”愿景指日可待的今天，绽放青春活力，放飞美好梦想、赤诚报国为民，实现人生价值，更加成为华夏儿女孜孜以求的目标。如很多地方早已盛行三十六岁生日庆典，且有“男做进、女做出”（即男进虚岁、女满实岁）的规矩。因此，巧借生日庆典，抒发豪情壮志，激扬青春活力，展望美好未来，可谓恰到好处。本人应邀创作的《六六大顺生日庆典祝福词》，围绕家运、财运、健康、人缘、口碑、教育、前程等八个方面予以祝福，实际应用中亦可随机应变、灵活运用。

第五篇：中级口译的增译手法介绍（定稿）

中级口译的增译手法介绍：

中级口译里的增译手法指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be„”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。中级口译英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在中级口译汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在中级口译英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在中级口译汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。

中级口译的省译手法介绍：

这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。

在这里为大家举例说明中级口译增译及省译手法，中级口译的增译手法：

(1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语)

(2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)(3)Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词)

(4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。

Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)中级口译的省译手法：

（1）You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。（省译物主代词）（2）I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在这儿过得愉快。（省译物主代词）（3）中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.(省译名词)2.省译法：这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如：

（1）You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。（省译物主代词）（2）I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在这儿过得愉快。（省译物主代词）（3）中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.(省译名词)中级口译的增译手法介绍：

中级口译里的增译手法指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be„”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。中级口译英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在中级口译汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在中级口译英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在中级口译汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。

中级口译的省译手法介绍：

这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。

在这里为大家举例说明中级口译增译及省译手法，中级口译的增译手法：

(1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语)

(2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)(3)Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词)

(4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。

Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)(5)只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。考试用书

While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps.(增译连词)

(6)这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。

This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词)(7)在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。

In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语)

(8)三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注释性词语)中级口译的省译手法：

（1）You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。（省译物主代词）（2）I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在这儿过得愉快。（省译物主代词）（3）中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.(省译名词)2.省译法：这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如：

（1）You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。（省译物主代词）（2）I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在这儿过得愉快。（省译物主代词）（3）中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.(省译名词)笼统的说，英语句子中含有“never”、“no”、“not”、“un-”、“im-”、“in-”、“ir-”、“-less”等否定词以及否定前缀或后缀的单词，以及汉语句子中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“非”、“勿”、“毋”等否定词的即为反说，不含有这些否定词的即为正说。

但实际操作时，正说和反说的界限又变得极为模糊，例如“correct”可以翻译成“正确”（正说），也可以翻译成“没有毛病”（反说）。因此，到底译文要采用正说还是反说，就完全要看译文语言的惯用表达和上下文的语气语态了。在正反译法中，英译汉正转反（正说反译法）和汉译英反转正（反说正译法）是最为重要的两种正反译法。