英国国会开幕大典

第一篇：英国国会开幕大典

英国国会开幕大典简称国会开幕大典（State Opening of Parliament）

是英国通常在每年11月初，于上议院议事厅举行的仪典。在仪典中，两院议员会聚首一堂，恭听君主致辞，标志着新一届国会会期的正式开始；至于遇著有国会大选的年份，有关仪典则会紧接在大选后的首次国会会议召开前进行。

现任英国国君伊利沙伯二世自1952年登基以来，除了在1959年及1963年因分别怀有安德鲁王子及爱德华王子而未能出席外，历年每届的国会会期都是由她亲自主持开幕。在那两次伊利沙伯二世没有出席的国会开幕大典中，一个以坎特伯雷大主教为主席的首长专员委员会曾受托负责主持国会会期揭幕，而女王致辞则由大法官代行。准备工作

国会开幕大典乃英国一项历史悠久的传统，至今仍留存不少繁复的仪式。在大典开始前，皇室警卫会先巡察西敏宫国会大楼的地窖，以防止有人策动阴谋。这项传统最早可上溯至1605年的火药阴谋，当年一群亡命的天主教极端分子试图在西敏宫地窖放置炸药，密谋杀害信奉新教的英皇詹姆士一世和他的大部份新教贵族。但阴谋最终被及时捣破而没有实现，此后，巡察地窖就成为了每届大典开始前指定的象征式工作。

另一方面，君主在离开皇宫前往国会前，均须先要有一名下议院议员留在白金汉宫，以作为“礼节性人质”。这样的做法，是因为传统上，国会对国君往往怀有敌意，因此以一名下院议员作为“人质”，可用以保证君主的人身安全。在昔日，政府的管治班子主要由上院议员组成，“人质”由下院议员担当还可以算是合理；但自从政府的管治班子由下院议员主导后，作为“女王陛下政府”的一个部份，“人质”的角色便显得混淆。不过，无论如何，时至今日，这种做法仅具有象征性意义。当君主安全返回皇宫后，有关“人质”方可获释。抵达国会

在每一次的国会会期开幕仪式中，女王都会乘坐马车抵达国会西敏宫（近年的马车已加装空调），并由维多利亚塔的皇家入口进入西敏宫内。由于西敏宫乃皇家宫殿，因此女王甫抵达西敏宫，宫殿的屋顶会挂起皇家旗（而非英国国旗），直到她离开为止。步入皇家入口后，女王与其随从会行经皇家大梯、诺曼门廊（Norman Porch），然后在礼服厅内穿上国家礼袍及帝国皇冠。女王准备好后，她通常会在皇夫爱丁堡公爵的陪同下，穿过皇家画廊而抵达上议院议事厅。

国会开幕大典传统上在上院，而非下院的议事厅内举行。这最早可上溯到1642年，时任英皇查理一世闯入下院议事厅，企图逮捕五名下院议员，但下院议长却公然抗命，并拒绝供出五人的藏身之所；经此事以后，迄今再没有在位君主进入过下院议事厅。

女王进入上院议事厅时，全院所有人士都要即时站立，待女王登上御坐后，再由她著令请“诸卿就坐如次”（My Lords, pray be seated）。接着，女王会命令掌礼大臣去传召下院议员。传召下院

掌礼大臣接到指令后，随即会举起他的权杖，示意在上院议事厅大门前候命的黑杖传令官可以传召下院议员。在上院门卫及一名警察督察的陪同下，黑杖传令官会抵达下院议事厅的大门口。此时的下院议事厅大门会被加以紧闭，以象征下院辩论之权利不容皇室代表干预。因此，要进入厅内，黑杖传令官须以其黑杖大力敲打大门三次，才获准内进。进入下院议事厅后，黑杖传令官会趋前至厅内的栏栅，并先向下院议长鞠躬，再行前到厅内议事桌上的公文箱旁，向下院议员宣诏如下：

“议长先生（女士），女王现谕示本院众位议员阁下立即前往贵族院觐见。”

接到指示后，在手持礼节性权杖的警卫官陪同下，下院议长会立即率领一众下院议员启程前往上院议事厅。女王致辞

当所有人士齐集上院议事厅后，女王就会发表一篇预先准备好的演讲，称为御坐致辞，又名“女王致辞”。这篇演辞并非由女王亲撰，而是由内阁所撰，内文勾划出政府来年的施政大纲，亦讲述来年在下院打算进行的立法工作。致谢辩论

女王离开后，上、下两院议员会各自返回自己所属的议事厅，就女王的致辞进行辩论，并就“回应女王陛下的美辞作演说”（Address in Reply to Her Majesty's Gracious Speech）。

第二篇：2015英国女王开启英国国会大典演讲中英文

2015英国女王开启英国国会大典演讲

My Lords and members of the House of Commons。各位上下议院的议员们

My government will legislate in the interests of everyone in our country.It will adopt a one nation approach, helping working people get on, supporting aspiration, giving new opportunities to the most disadvantaged and bringing different parts of our country together。

政府将立法保障全体英国人民的权益。政策将惠及全国，让劳动者有稳定的工作，支持创业，给弱势群体提供新的就业机会，把全英国紧紧团结在一起。

My government will continue with its long-term plan to provide economic stability and security at every stage of life.They will continue the work of bringing the public finances under control and reducing the deficit, so Britain lives within its means.Measures will be introduced to raise the productive potential of the economy and increase living standards。

政府将继续保持经济的长期稳定与社会的长治久安。继续把控公共财政、减少赤字，使人民能量入为出。同时政府将采取措施提高经济增长率以及人民生活水平。

Legislation will be brought forward to help achieve full employment and provide more people with the security of a job.New duties will require my ministers to report annually on job creation and apprenticeships.Measures will also be introduced to reduce regulation on small businesses so they can create jobs。

政府将立法帮助实现充分就业以及为更多人提供安全的工作环境。部长们也要求对创造就业机会及学徒机会做报告。同时也将出台措施来减少对小型企业的限制，从而创造更多就业机会。

Legislation will be brought forward to ensure people working 30 hours a week on the National Minimum Wage do not pay income tax, and to ensure there are no rises in Income Tax rates, Value Added Tax or National Insurance for the next 5 years。

政府将立法以确保每周工作30个小时的低收入者不用交个人所得税，并确保个人所得税率、增值税及国民保险在5年内不会提高。

Measures will be brought forward to help working people by greatly increasing the provision of free childcare。

政府将采取措施，为劳动人民提供更多的免费儿童保育服务。

Legislation will be introduced to support home ownership and give housing association tenants the chance to own their own home。

政府将立法支持购房，给住房协会住户提供拥有自己的住宅的机会。

Measures will be introduced to increase energy security and to control immigration.My government will bring forward legislation to reform trade unions and to protect essential public services against strikes。政府将采取措施，提高能源安全性以及控制移民数量。政府将立法对工会进行改革及保障罢工下基本公共服务的正常运作。

To give new opportunities to the most disadvantaged, my government will expand the Troubled Families programme and continue to reform welfare, with legislation encouraging employment by capping benefits and requiring young people to earn or learn。

为了给弱势群体提供新的就业机会，政府将扩大“困难家庭计划”的覆盖面，并继续进行福利改革，通过立法设置福利上限，鼓励年轻人学习、工作，从而促进就业。

Legislation will be brought forward to improve schools and give every child the best start in life, with new powers to take over failing and coasting schools and create more academies。政府将立法提升学校综合实力，让每一个孩子的人生都能有一个最灿烂的开始。劣等学校领导换班，打造更多优质高校。

In England, my government will secure the future of the National Health Service by implementing the National Health Service’s own 5 year plan, by increasing the health budget, integrating healthcare and social care, and ensuring the National Health Service works on a 7 day basis.Measures will be introduced to improve access to general practitioners and to mental healthcare。

政府将在英格兰通过实施“国民医疗服务制度五年计划”，增加卫生预算，整合医疗保健和社会保障，并确保国民医疗服务制度每天有效运行，从而确保国民医疗服务制度在未来得以延续。政府将采取措施，改善民众求医渠道。

Measures will also be brought forward to secure the real value of the basic State Pension, so that more people live in dignity and security in retirement.Measures will be brought forward to increase the rights of victims of crime。政府将采取措施，确保民众享有基本国家养老金，让更多的退休人员能有得体及安全的住所。政府将采取措施，维护犯罪受害者的权益。

To bring different parts of our country together, my government will work to bring about a balanced economic recovery.Legislation will be introduced to provide for the devolution of powers to cities with elected metro mayors, helping to build a northern powerhouse。为了将全英国紧紧团结在一起，政府将努力实现经济的同步复苏。政府将立法将权力下放给民选市长，帮助打造一个北方的生力军。

My government will continue to legislate for high-speed rail links between the different parts of the country。

政府将继续加强国家间高速铁路的建设。

My government will also bring forward legislation to secure a strong and lasting constitutional settlement, devolving wide-ranging powers to Scotland and Wales.Legislation will be taken forward giving effect to the Stormont House Agreement in Northern Ireland。

政府也将立法，保证宪法的效力与持久性，将权力下放到苏格兰和威尔士。政府将立法施行北爱尔兰的斯托蒙特众议院协议。

My government will continue to work in cooperation with the devolved administrations on the basis of mutual respect。

政府将继续在相互尊重的基础上与权力下放政府进行合作。

My government will bring forward changes to the standing orders of the House of Commons.These changes will create fairer procedures to ensure that decisions affecting England, or England and Wales, can be taken only with the consent of the majority of Members of Parliament representing constituencies in those parts of our United Kingdom。政府将变更下议院议事程序。这些改变将创造更公平的程序，以确保涉及英格兰或威尔士的决议，只有在大多数代表各选区的国会议员同意的情况下才能予以执行。

My government will renegotiate the United Kingdom’s relationship with the European Union and pursue reform of the European Union for the benefit of all member states。

政府将重新协商英国与欧盟的关系，并为所有会员国的利益寻求欧盟的改革。

Alongside this, early legislation will be introduced to provide for an in-out referendum on membership of the European Union before the end of 2017.此外，在2017年年底前，政府将会对欧盟成员国的全民公投进行立法。

Measures will also be brought forward to promote social cohesion and protect people by tackling extremism.New legislation will modernise the law on communications data, improve the law on policing and criminal justice, and ban the new generation of psychoactive drugs。政府将采取措施提升社会凝聚力，通过打击极端主义来保护人民安全。新的立法将通过通信数据使法律更加现代化，提升治安法及刑法公正性，并禁止新一代精神药物。

My government will bring forward proposals for a British Bill of Rights。政府将针对权利法案提出新的议案。

Members of the House of Commons。下议院议员们。

Estimates for the public services will be laid before you。你们还将面临许多有关公共服务的问题

My Lords and members of the House of Commons 各位上下议院的议员们

My government will continue to play a leading role in global affairs, using its presence all over the world to re-engage with and tackle the major international security, economic and humanitarian challenges。

政府将继续在全球事务中发挥主导作用，并凭英国在世界上的影响力重新参与并解决重大国际安全、经济和人道主义问题。

My ministers will remain at the forefront of the NATO alliance and of international efforts to degrade and ultimately defeat terrorism in the Middle East。

政府官员将继续与北约合作，走在打击并最终战胜中东恐怖主义的最前线。

The United Kingdom will continue to seek a political settlement in Syria, and will offer further support to the Iraqi government’s programme for political reform and national reconciliation。英国将继续寻求从政治上解决叙利亚问题的办法，并会进一步支持伊拉克的政治改革和民族和解。

My government will maintain pressure on Russia to respect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine, and will insist on the full implementation of the Minsk agreements。政府将对俄罗斯政府继续施压，英国尊重乌克兰的领土完整和主权，并将坚持全面实施明斯克协议。

My government looks forward to an enhanced partnership with India and China。我国政府期待与中国和印度之间伙伴关系的进一步深化。

Prince Philip and I look forward to our state visit to Germany next month and to our state visit to Malta in November, alongside the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.We also look forward to welcoming His Excellency the President of The People’s Republic of China and Madame Peng on a state visit in October。

我和菲利普亲王期待着下月对德国进行的国事访问，以及在十一月对马耳进行的国事访问，同时也期待着英联邦政府首脑会议的召开。我们同样期待着今年10月中国国家主席习近平及夫人对我国进行的国事访问。

My government will seek effective global collaboration to sustain economic recovery and to combat climate change, including at the climate change conference in Paris later this year。

我国政府寻求积极有效的全球合作，以维持经济复苏，应对气候变化，包括参加今年年底在巴黎举办的气候变化会议。

My government will undertake a full strategic defence and security review, and do whatever is necessary to ensure that our courageous armed forces can keep Britain safe。我国政府将进行全面的战略防御和安全审查，并采取一切必要措施，确保我们勇敢的军队可以保持英国的安全。

My government will work to reduce the threat from nuclear weapons, cyber-attacks and terrorism。

政府将致力于削减核武器，网络攻击和恐怖主义的威胁。

Other measures will be laid before you。

同时，各位还将面临许多来自各方面的挑战。

My Lords and members of the House of Commons 各位上下议院的议员们 I pray that the blessing of almighty God may rest upon your counsels。愿全能的上帝听见你们的祷告。

WHUT

第三篇：撒切尔夫人英国国会辩论经典片段

撒切尔夫人英国国会辩论经典片段（双语文本）

英国前首相撒切尔夫人国会辩论现场，在议会辩论中，撒切尔夫人猛烈抨击工党的新税制，认为新税制不单是大步奔向社

英国前首相撒切尔夫人国会辩论现场，在议会辩论中，撒切尔夫人猛烈抨击工党的新税制，认为新税制不单是大步奔向社会主义，更是通往共产主义之路，从而奠定了她强而有力的议会辩手的名声。铁娘子最经典的“No,No,No!”把工党杀得体无完肤。面对质疑和不满，撒切尔夫人强有力的应对，不失夫人本色，也不忘适度“发飙”。

On economic and monetary union, I stressed that we would be ready to move beyond the present position to the creation of a European monetary fund and a common community currency which we have called a hard ECU.But we would not be prepared to agree to set a date for starting the next stage of economic and monetary union before there is any agreement on what that stage should comprise.And I again emphasised that we would not be prepared to have a single currency imposed upon us, nor to surrender the use of the pound sterling as our currency.关于经济和货币联盟，我强调过我们需要做好准备，跨越目前的处境，来建立一个欧洲货币基金和共同的通用货币，也就是我们所说的欧洲货币单位。但在开始为下一阶段的经济和货币联盟登上舞台做好准备之前，我们并不会为这个协议的实现设定一个日期。我再次强调，我们不愿被逼使用统一货币，也不会屈服于把英镑作为我们的使用货币的做法。It is our purpose to retain the power and influence of this House, and not to denude it of many of the powers.I wonder what the right honourable gentleman's policy is, in view of some of the things he said.Would he have agreed to a commitment to extend the Community's powers to other supplementary sectors of economic integrations without having any definition of what they are? Would he? Because you would've thought he would from what he said.One of them was that the Commission wants to extend its powers and competence into the area of health.We said no.We weren't going to agree to those since on what he says, he sounded as if he would, for the sake of agreeing, for the sake of being little sir echo, and saying, “Me too.” 我们的目的就是保留政府的权利以及影响，而不是剥夺他们的权利。鉴于刚刚你所说的事情，这位正直尊贵的绅士，我想知道你的政策是什么？在没有任何明确定义的情况下，他会同意扩大联盟的权力来补充其他行业没有的经济融合吗？他会吗？你们会认为他会说到做到。其中之一是，欧盟委员会希望将权力和能力扩展至医疗健康领域。我们不赞成，我们并不打算同意他所说的一切，他听起来似乎是会这样做，仅仅是为了一种妥协而已，或者是一种绅士的态度，所以他会说 “我也会。”

Would the he have agreed to extending qualified majority of voting within the Council, to delegating implementing powers to the Commission, to a common security policy, all without any attempt to define or limit them? The answer is yes.He hasn't got a clue about the definition of some of the things he is saying, let alone securing a definition of others.在没有任何限制和定义的情况下，他会同意理事会扩大合格的多数投票来将权力委托给委员会或制定一个常见的安全政策，吗？答案是肯定的。他还搞不清楚的他所定义的一些事情，更别提关于其他的定义了。

Yes, the Commission does want to increase its powers.Yes, it is a non-elected body and I do not want the Commission to increase its powers against its House.So of course we are differing.Of course the chairman or the president of the Commission, Mr.Delors, said at a press conference the other day that he wanted the European Parliament to be the democratic body of the Community, he wanted the Commission to be the executive and he wanted the Council of Ministers to be the Senate.No.No.No.的确，委员会并不想要增加它的权利。是的，这是一个非选举产生的主体，我并不希望委员会增加权利来对抗政府。所以我们当然在改变。Delors先生作为委员会的主席或总统，在新闻发布会上说有一天他希望欧洲议会是一个民主机构，他希望委员会执行力能更强，他希望内阁会议由参议院指出，但这些都没能实现。

Or, or perhaps the Labour Party would give all those things up easily.Perhaps they would agree to a single currency to total abolition of the pound sterling.Perhaps being totally incompetent with monetary matters, they'd be only too delighted to hand over the full responsibility as they did to the IMF, to a central bank.The fact is, they have no competence on money, no competence on the economy, so, yes, the right honourable gentleman would be glad to hand it all over.And what is the point in trying to get elected to Parliament only to hand over your sterling and to hand over the powers of this House to Europe? 也许工党会将所有这些事情变得很容易。也许他们会同意用一个单一货币来废除英镑。也许这完全算不上是货币问题，他们会非常高兴地将所有责任转交给中央银行。事实是，他们在货币政策上无所作为，在经济发展上同样一事无成，所以这位正直尊贵的绅士很愿意完全交出责任。那么你们在议会中获选，仅仅是为了将手中的金钱和权利移交给欧洲政府吗？ Norman Tebbit：My right honourable friend not agree that the mark of a single currency is that all other currencies must be extinguished.And not nearly extinguished, but that the capacity of other institutions to issue currency has to be extinguished.And that in the case of the United Kingdom, would involve this parliament binding its successors in a way which we have hitherto regarded as unconstitutional.Norman Tebbit: 我亲爱的朋友并不认为单一货币是其他货币必须消失的标志。或者并不是消失，而是其他部门对金钱的控制力应该消除。在英国的情况来说，应该让议会将其继承者和我们认为的非宪法行为结合起来。This government has no intention of abolishing the pound sterling.If the hard ECU evolved into much much greater use, that would be a decision for future parliaments and future generations.It would be a decision which could only be taken once, and a decision which should not be approached in this atmosphere, but only after the greatest possible consideration.I believe both Parliament and sterling have served our country and the rest of the world very well.I believe we are more stable and more influential with it, I believe it is an expression of sovereignty.This Government believe in the pound sterling.政府并不打算废除英镑。如果欧元的能力越来越强大，也许该由未来的议会和下一代来做出决定。这个决定只能做一次，但并不是现在，需要在进行过非常谨慎的思考之后。我相信议会和英镑为我们的国家以及其他国家服务得非常好。政府相信英镑。

Dr.David Owen: Is it not perfectly clear that what was being attempted at Rome was a bounce and a bounce that led only one way, and that was to a single federal united states of Europe? And is it not vital that in this House, across party lines, it is possible for a prime minister to go and make it clear, if necessary, that Britain is prepared to stand alone? We don's relish it, but that if necessary, if we are faced by the imposition, by treaty of an obligation to a single currency and a situation which would prevent enlargement to Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, Britain would be entitled and right to use the veto? Dr.David Owen：我们现在还不是很清楚，罗马经济是否在反弹，经济反弹又会给这个联邦制的欧洲合众国造成怎样的影响？并不是至关重要的，在这政府里，跨越党派界线，就有可能靠一个首相去弄清楚，如果有必要，英国正在准备孤军奋战？我们不喜欢它，但是，如果有必要，如果我们面临的实施，通过条约的义务统一的货币和情况来防止欧盟东扩至波兰、匈牙利和捷克斯洛伐克，英国将拥有和有权使用否决权吗？

Mr.Ron Leighton: There is no majority in the House for EMU, but is the Prime Minister aware that I attended a conference in Italy last year at which an Italian Minister spoke to me about EMU? I said, “What if Mrs.Thatcher opposes it?” And ungallantly, he laughed loud and he said, “We have met Mrs.Thatcher many times-she squawks and makes a noise at the beginning but always comes round and gives way in the end.” Now what assurances and guarantees can seek of this House today that she will not give way on this issue, as she did give way on the Madrid condition about British inflation before joining the ERM? Mr.Ron Leighton：支持货币不统一化的占多数，但是部长你还记得去年我在意大利参加会议时，意大利部长和我说的这件事吗？我当时说；“如果撒切尔夫人反对的话怎么办？”他笑的很大声，然后说，“我们见过撒切尔夫人很多次了，她总是在一开始意见很多，反对不休，但最终会妥协。”在这种情况下，什么样的担保和保证能够确保她一开始的反对不会化为最终的妥协呢？尤其是她曾在英国通货膨胀之后妥协于马德里条约加入了汇率机制。That is what they said, Mr Speaker, when I was negotiating for a better budget deal for Britain.Twice, they and the people in the Commission and our people in the Commission and we had the presidency of the Commission, advised me to give way.They found out differently.这是他们说的，当我曾为了英国进行更好的财务沟通时，他们以及委员会的人以及我们的人沟通之后，劝我还是妥协。但他们现在的说法完全不一样。

Mr.Tony Favell: Mr Speaker, next Wednesday, the doors of this Chamber will be closed to Black Rod as a symbol of the independence of this House.What would be the effect on the independence of this House and the nation which elects it if the power to veto proposals affecting social affairs, the environment and taxation were to be removed? Mr.Tony Favell：下周三，这个房间的门将会对黑人关闭，作为政府独立的象征。那么政府的独立会有什么样的效果？投反对票的国家呢？受到影响的社会事件，环境以及税率会变吗？

Mr Speaker, I hope that, when the next election comes, people who want to come to this House will come to uphold its powers and its responsibilities, and not to denude the House of them.We have surrendered some of them to the Community.In my view we have surrendered enough.我希望，当下一届选举到来之时，人们想要进入政府的能够担当好自己的权利和责任，而不是屈服于政府中的其他人。我们已经向某些人妥协了，我认为已经足够了。

Mr.Tony Benn: And then is the Prime Minister aware that what we are really discussing is not matter of economic management, but the whole future of the relation between this country and Europe? Are the British people when they vote in a general election to be able to change the policies of the government that has previously veto? And it is already a fact, as the House knows full well, that whatever Government is in power, our agricultural policy is now controlled from Brussels, our trade policy is controlled from Brussels and our industrial policy is controlled from Brussels and if we go into EMU, our financial policy will be controlled.It is a democratic argument, not a nationalistic argument.But now as they say this is the Prime Minister and it’d be the member of the Government who took us into the EC without consulting the British people, having been the Prime Minister of the Government who agreed to the Single European Act without consulting the British people, having now agreed to the ERM without consulting the British people.We find it hard to believe that she is really intent on preserving democracy rather than gaining some political advantage from waving some national argument in the eve of a general election.That is why we do not trust her own judgment on the matter.Mr.Tony Benn：部长意识到我们实际上讨论的并不是经济的管理问题，而是我们国家和欧洲未来关系的走向问题。英国人民在大选当中投票能够改变政府先前的投票结果吗？这已是一个事实，政府心里也很清楚，无论政府有着什么样的权利，我们的农业政策是掌控在布鲁塞尔手里，我们的贸易政策，工业政策也是如此。如果我们加入统一汇率机制，我们的金融政策也会被控制。这是一个共和的争辩，并不是一个国家的争辩。但是他们说这是部长，政府的一员使英国人在不知情的情况下加入了欧盟，那么也可以在英国人不知情的情况下加入统一的货币机制。我们觉得很难去相信她真正的目的保留共和而不是在大选前夕从一些国家辩论中获得更多的政治优势。这也是为什么我们不相信她在这件事上将会做出合理决断的原因。

Mr Speaker, I think that I would put it just a little bit differently from the right honorable Gentleman, although I recognise some of the force of some of the points that he is making.I think when the Delors proposals for EMU came out, the economic and monetary union, it was said immediately by my right hon.Friend, the then Chancellor of the Exchequer that this was not really about monetary policy at all.It is really about a back door to a federal Europe, a federal Europe taking many many democratic powers away from democratically elected bodies to non-elected ones.I believe fervently that that is true, which is why I will have nothing to do with their definition of economic and monetary union.我认为想对那位绅士提出一点点不同的一件，尽管我在某种程度上承认他说的话。我认为Delors对统一货币机制的建议来自于经济和货币协会。朋友们，这一切和货币政策毫无相关。这实际上是对联邦欧盟开后门的表现，联邦的欧盟用很多共和的手段来使得有选举机制的国家朝着无选举机制发展。这是我的想法。这也是我为什么认为他们的经济和货币联盟定义毫无意义的原因。

第四篇：2011年5月奥巴马英国国会演讲英文

Addressing Britain's Parliament on Wednesday, U.S.President Barack Obama sent a message that the United States and Great Britain will continue to lead efforts toward world peace and democracy.The president also visited British Prime Minister David Cameron.President Obama had the honor of speaking before the British Parliament at 900-year-old Westminster Hall.He used the opportunity to emphasize the strength of the “special relationship” between the U.S.and Britain.“I have come here today to reaffirm one of the oldest, one of the strongest alliances the world has ever known,” said the U.S.president.Obama disputed the contention that the influence of America and Britain in the world is waning.“That argument is wrong,” he said.“The time for our leadership is now.It was the U.S.and the U.K.and our democratic allies which shaped a world in which new nations could emerge and individuals could thrive.”

The president spent the earlier part of the day at 10 Downing Street with Prime Minister David Cameron.Much of their talk concentrated on the upheaval in the Middle East, and specifically the NATO military mission to protect civilians in Libya.Cameron agreed with the president that regime change is not part of the United Nations-authorized mission in Libya, but protecting civilians is impossible as long as Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi remains in power.“It is impossible to imagine a future with Gadhafi still in power.He must go,'' said Cameron.Obama said NATO-led forces in Libya are making progress, and Gadhafi is under more pressure to leave.”Given the progress that has been made over the last several weeks, Gadhafi and his regime need to understand that there will not be a letup in the pressure that we are applying," said Obama.Cameron also expressed support for the president's controversial stand on the Middle East peace process, agreeing that borders for Israel and a Palestinian state should be based on the lines that existed before the 1967 Six Day War, with mutually agreed land swaps.He and the president disagreed over the Palestinians' expected appeal to the United Nations for statehood.Obama called it a mistake, saying Palestinian sovereignty can only be gained by negotiating with Israel.Cameron said he would prefer to discuss the issue with the European Union before making a decision.After spending the morning discussing difficult global issues, the two leaders held an American-style barbecue at 10 Downing Street.The prime minister served hamburgers to U.S.and British service members and veterans.Both leaders will return to tackling serious global issues Thursday when they go to the two-day Group of Eight summit in France.词汇讲解：

1.emphasize vt.强调

例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

2.contention n.看法，观点

例句：I strongly oppose that contention.我强烈地反对那种主张。

3.wane vi.变小;减少

例句：Her enthusiasm for him was beginning to wane.她对他的热情在开始减退。

4.emerge vi.形成，出现，发生，发展，兴起

例句：A large number of independent African countries emerge at a historic moment.一大批非洲独立国家应运而生。

5.thrive vi.兴盛;兴隆

例句：A business cannot thrive without good management.商业兴旺离不开好的管理。

6.regime n.政治制度, 政权, 政体

例句：They beat the drums for the new regime.他们竭力为新政权呐喊助威。

7.letup n.停止,中止;减弱

例句：The surgeons have been working for twenty hours without letup.那些外科医师一连工作了二十小时没有停止。

8.swap n.交换

例句：This comic was a swap that I got from Nick.这本漫画书是我从尼克那里换来的。

9.statehood n.独立国家的地位

例句：Arafat managed to preserve Palestinian national identity during decades without statehood.几十年来，尽管没有获得一个国家应有的地位，阿拉法特还是设法维护了巴勒斯坦民族的身份。

10.barbecue n.烧烤野餐

例句：They had a barbecue on their patio on Sunday.星期天他们在院子里进行烧烤。

11.veteran n.退伍军人;老兵

例句：My grandfather is a veteran of the Second World War.我祖父是二战时的老兵。

12.tackle vt.解决;应付

例句：I don't know how to tackle this problem.我不知道该如何处理这个问题。

短语讲解：

1.President Obama had the honor of speaking before the British Parliament at 900-year-old Westminster Hall.have the honor of有幸…，荣幸地

例句：May I have the honor of this dance?

我能荣幸地与你跳这场舞吗?

2.Much of their talk concentrated on the upheaval in the Middle East, and specifically the NATO military mission to protect civilians in Libya.concentrate on将…集中于…, 专心于

例句：Many firms are concentrating on increasing their markets overseas.许多公司正在集中精力开拓它们的海外市场。

3.Cameron agreed with the president that regime change is not part of the United Nations-authorized mission in Libya, but protecting civilians is impossible as long as Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi remains in power.agree with与某人〔观点〕一致, 同意〔赞同〕某人的意见

例句：In the main, I agree with Edward.我基本上同意爱德华的意见。

as long as只要, 如果

例句：I'll never forget that as long as I am living.这事我至死也不会忘记。

in power掌权的，执政的例句：It is able, therefore, to attract the support of everyone seriously opposed to the party in power.它因此能够赢得所有真诚反对执政党者的支持。

4.Obama said NATO-led forces in Libya are making progress, and Gadhafi is under more pressure to leave.make progress前进,进步

例句：We must innovate in order to make progress.我们必须改革以便取得进步。

5.Cameron also expressed support for the president's controversial stand on the Middle East peace process, agreeing that borders for Israel and a Palestinian state should be based on the lines that existed before the 1967 Six Day War, with mutually agreed land swaps.be based on根据，以…为基础

例句：These charges are based on facts.这些指控是基于事实。

6.Obama called it a mistake, saying Palestinian sovereignty can only be gained by negotiating with Israel.negotiate with(就某事)与…进行交涉(以达成协议)

例句：I'll negotiate with their coach on the date of the match.我将与他们的教练磋商比赛的日期问题。

7.Cameron said he would prefer to discuss the issue with the European Union before making a decision.prefer to较喜欢;宁愿

例句：I prefer country life to town life.我更喜欢乡村生活而不喜欢城市生活。

make a decision决定下来,作出决定;下决心

例句：There is no hurry to make a decision.没有必要匆忙作出决定。

8.Both leaders will return to tackling serious global issues Thursday when they go to the two-day Group of Eight summit in France.return to回到(某种状态、某个话题等)；恢复到；重新采取

例句：He has returned to his old habits。

他已故态复萌。

第五篇：英语演讲撒切尔夫人英国国会辩论经典片段(双语)

撒切尔夫人英国国会辩论经典片段（双语）

【名人简介】

玛格丽特·希尔达·撒切尔，英国右翼政治家，第49任英国首相，1979年-1990年在任，她是至今为止英国唯一一位女首相，也是自19世纪初利物浦伯爵以来连任时间最长的英国首相。她的政治哲学与政策主张被通称为“撒切尔主义”，在任首相期间，对英国的经济、社会与文化面貌作出了既深且广的改变。在担任首相前后高姿态地反对共产主义，而被前苏联媒体戏称为“铁娘子”，这个绰号甚至已成为了她的主要标志。

1970年，进入爱德华·希思内阁担任教育及科学大臣。1975年的出任保守党党魁，1979年率领保守党重夺政权，展开保守党长达18年执政。其领导保守党在1979年、1983年和1987年三次大选中接连胜出，仅次于哈罗德·威尔逊。1990年未能击败党内对手迈克尔·赫尔塞廷，宣布辞职，其后她所属意的候选人财政大臣约翰·梅杰参选并最终获胜，11月28日正式离任，结束长达11年半的执政。1990年下台后，继任的保守党约翰·梅杰政府以及工党托尼·布莱尔政府，依然沿行了她所推行的经济变革，该政策方向持续到2008年世界金融危机爆发。

2013年4月8日，撒切尔夫人因中风病逝，终年87岁，骨灰被安葬在切尔西皇家医院墓地、亡夫丹尼斯的坟墓旁边。

撒切尔夫人曾四次访问中国，并于1984年在北京代表联合王国和时任国务院总理的赵紫阳签署了《中英关于香港问题的联合声明》。为香港回归中国奠定了坚实的政治基础。（以上来自百度百科）

下面来看看她在英国国会辩论经典片段吧~

【双语文稿】

On economic and monetary union, I stressed that we would be ready to move beyond thepresent position to the creation of a European monetary fund and a common communitycurrency which we have called a hard ECU.But we would not be prepared to agree to set a datefor starting the next stage of economic and monetary union before there is any agreement onwhat that stage should comprise.And I again emphasised that we would not be prepared tohave a single currency imposed upon us, nor to surrender the use of the pound sterling as ourcurrency.关于经济和货币联盟，我强调过我们需要做好准备，跨越目前的处境，来建立一个欧洲货币基金和共同的通用货币，也就是我们所说的欧洲货币单位。但在开始为下一阶段的经济和货币联盟登上舞台做好准备之前，我们并不会为这个协议的实现设定一个日期。我再次强调，我们不愿被逼使用统一货币，也不会屈服于把英镑作为我们的使用货币的做法。

It is our purpose to retain the power and influence of this House, and not to denude it of manyof the powers.I wonder what the right honourable gentleman's policy is, in view of some of thethings he said.Would he have agreed to a commitment to extend the Community's powers toother supplementary sectors of economic integrations without having any definition of what theyare? Would he? Because you would've thought he would from what he said.One of them wasthat the Commission wants to extend its powers and competence into the area of health.Wesaid no.We weren't going to agree to those since on what he says, he sounded as if he would,for the sake of agreeing, for the sake of being little sir echo, and saying, “Me too.” 我们的目的就是保留政府的权利以及影响，而不是剥夺他们的权利。鉴于刚刚你所说的事情，这位正直尊贵的绅士，我想知道你的政策是什么？在没有任何明确定义的情况下，他会同意扩大联盟的权力来补充其他行业没有的经济融合吗？他会吗？你们会认为他会说到做到。其中之一是，欧盟委员会希望将权力和能力扩展至医疗健康领域。我们不赞成，我们并不打算同意他所说的一切，他听起来似乎是会这样做，仅仅是为了一种妥协而已，或者是一种绅士的态度，所以他会说 “我也会。”

Would the he have agreed to extending qualified majority of voting within the Council, todelegating implementing powers to the Commission, to a common security policy, all without anyattempt to define or limit them? The answer is yes.He hasn't got a clue about the definition ofsome of the things he is saying, let alone securing a definition of others.在没有任何限制和定义的情况下，他会同意理事会扩大合格的多数投票来将权力委托给委员会或制定一个常见的安全政策，吗？答案是肯定的。他还搞不清楚的他所定义的一些事情，更别提关于其他的定义了。

Yes, the Commission does want to increase its powers.Yes, it is a non-elected body and I donot want the Commission to increase its powers against its House.So of course we are differing.Of course the chairman or the president of the Commission, Mr.Delors, said at a pressconference the other day that he wanted the European Parliament to be the democratic body ofthe Community, he wanted the Commission to be the executive and he wanted the Council ofMinisters to be the Senate.No.No.No.的确，委员会并不想要增加它的权利。是的，这是一个非选举产生的主体，我并不希望委员会增加权利来对抗政府。所以我们当然在改变。Delors先生作为委员会的主席或总统，在新闻发布会上说有一天他希望欧洲议会是一个民主机构，他希望委员会执行力能更强，他希望内阁会议由参议院指出，但这些都没能实现。

Or, or perhaps the Labour Party would give all those things up easily.Perhaps they would agreeto a single currency to total abolition of the pound sterling.Perhaps being totally incompetent withmonetary matters, they'd be only too delighted to hand over the full responsibility as they did tothe IMF, to a central bank.The fact is, they have no competence on money, no competenceon the economy, so, yes, the right honourable gentleman would be glad to hand it all over.Andwhat is the point in trying to get elected to Parliament only to hand over your sterling and tohand over the powers of this House to Europe? 也许工党会将所有这些事情变得很容易。也许他们会同意用一个单一货币来废除英镑。也许这完全算不上是货币问题，他们会非常高兴地将所有责任转交给中央银行。事实是，他们在货币政策上无所作为，在经济发展上同样一事无成，所以这位正直尊贵的绅士很愿意完全交出责任。那么你们在议会中获选，仅仅是为了将手中的金钱和权利移交给欧洲政府吗？

Norman Tebbit：My right honourable friend not agree that the mark of a single currency is thatall other currencies must be extinguished.And not nearly extinguished, but that the capacity ofother institutions to issue currency has to be extinguished.And that in the case of the UnitedKingdom, would involve this parliament binding its successors in a way which we have hithertoregarded as unconstitutional.Norman Tebbit: 我亲爱的朋友并不认为单一货币是其他货币必须消失的标志。或者并不是消失，而是其他部门对金钱的控制力应该消除。在英国的情况来说，应该让议会将其继承者和我们认为的非宪法行为结合起来。

This government has no intention of abolishing the pound sterling.If the hard ECU evolved intomuch much greater use, that would be a decision for future parliaments and future generations.It would be a decision which could only be taken once, and a decision which should not beapproached in this atmosphere, but only after the greatest possible consideration.I believe bothParliament and sterling have served our country and the rest of the world very well.I believe weare more stable and more influential with it, I believe it is an expression of sovereignty.ThisGovernment believe in the pound sterling.政府并不打算废除英镑。如果欧元的能力越来越强大，也许该由未来的议会和下一代来做出决定。这个决定只能做一次，但并不是现在，需要在进行过非常谨慎的思考之后。我相信议会和英镑为我们的国家以及其他国家服务得非常好。政府相信英镑。Dr.David Owen: Is it not perfectly clear that what was being attempted at Rome was a bounceand a bounce that led only one way, and that was to a single federal united states of Europe?And is it not vital that in this House, across party lines, it is possible for a prime minister to goand make it clear, if necessary, that Britain is prepared to stand alone? We don's relish it, butthat if necessary, if we are faced by the imposition, by treaty of an obligation to a singlecurrency and a situation which would prevent enlargement to Poland, Hungary andCzechoslovakia, Britain would be entitled and right to use the veto? Dr.David Owen：我们现在还不是很清楚，罗马经济是否在反弹，经济反弹又会给这个联邦制的欧洲合众国造成怎样的影响？并不是至关重要的，在这政府里，跨越党派界线，就有可能靠一个首相去弄清楚，如果有必要，英国正在准备孤军奋战？我们不喜欢它，但是，如果有必要，如果我们面临的实施，通过条约的义务统一的货币和情况来防止欧盟东扩至波兰、匈牙利和捷克斯洛伐克，英国将拥有和有权使用否决权吗？

Mr.Ron Leighton: There is no majority in the House for EMU, but is the Prime Minister awarethat I attended a conference in Italy last year at which an Italian Minister spoke to me aboutEMU? I said, “What if Mrs.Thatcher opposes it?” And ungallantly, he laughed loud and he said, “We have met Mrs.Thatcher many times-she squawks and makes a noise at the beginningbut always comes round and gives way in the end.” Now what assurances and guarantees canseek of this House today that she will not give way on this issue, as she did give way on theMadrid condition about British inflation before joining the ERM? Mr.Ron Leighton：支持货币不统一化的占多数，但是部长你还记得去年我在意大利参加会议时，意大利部长和我说的这件事吗？我当时说；“如果撒切尔夫人反对的话怎么办？”他笑的很大声，然后说，“我们见过撒切尔夫人很多次了，她总是在一开始意见很多，反对不休，但最终会妥协。”在这种情况下，什么样的担保和保证能够确保她一开始的反对不会化为最终的妥协呢？尤其是她曾在英国通货膨胀之后妥协于马德里条约加入了汇率机制。

That is what they said, Mr Speaker, when I was negotiating for a better budget deal for Britain.Twice, they and the people in the Commission and our people in the Commission and we had thepresidency of the Commission, advised me to give way.They found out differently.这是他们说的，当我曾为了英国进行更好的财务沟通时，他们以及委员会的人以及我们的人沟通之后，劝我还是妥协。但他们现在的说法完全不一样。

Mr.Tony Favell: Mr Speaker, next Wednesday, the doors of this Chamber will be closed to BlackRod as a symbol of the independence of this House.What would be the effect on theindependence of this House and the nation which elects it if the power to veto proposalsaffecting social affairs, the environment and taxation were to be removed? Mr.Tony Favell：下周三，这个房间的门将会对黑人关闭，作为政府独立的象征。那么政府的独立会有什么样的效果？投反对票的国家呢？受到影响的社会事件，环境以及税率会变吗？

Mr Speaker, I hope that, when the next election comes, people who want to come to this Housewill come to uphold its powers and its responsibilities, and not to denude the House of them.Wehave surrendered some of them to the Community.In my view we have surrendered enough.我希望，当下一届选举到来之时，人们想要进入政府的能够担当好自己的权利和责任，而不是屈服于政府中的其他人。我们已经向某些人妥协了，我认为已经足够了。

Mr.Tony Benn: And then is the Prime Minister aware that what we are really discussing is notmatter of economic management, but the whole future of the relation between this country andEurope? Are the British people when they vote in a general election to be able to change thepolicies of the government that has previously veto? And it is already a fact, as the Houseknows full well, that whatever Government is in power, our agricultural policy is now controlledfrom Brussels, our trade policy is controlled from Brussels and our industrial policy is controlledfrom Brussels and if we go into EMU, our financial policy will be controlled.It is a democraticargument, not a nationalistic argument.But now as they say this is the Prime Minister and it’d bethe member of the Government who took us into the EC without consulting the British people,having been the Prime Minister of the Government who agreed to the Single European Actwithout consulting the British people, having now agreed to the ERM without consulting the Britishpeople.We find it hard to believe that she is really intent on preserving democracy rather thangaining some political advantage from waving some national argument in the eve of a generalelection.That is why we do not trust her own judgment on the matter.Mr.Tony Benn：部长意识到我们实际上讨论的并不是经济的管理问题，而是我们国家和欧洲未来关系的走向问题。英国人民在大选当中投票能够改变政府先前的投票结果吗？这已是一个事实，政府心里也很清楚，无论政府有着什么样的权利，我们的农业政策是掌控在布鲁塞尔手里，我们的贸易政策，工业政策也是如此。如果我们加入统一汇率机制，我们的金融政策也会被控制。这是一个共和的争辩，并不是一个国家的争辩。但是他们说这是部长，政府的一员使英国人在不知情的情况下加入了欧盟，那么也可以在英国人不知情的情况下加入统一的货币机制。我们觉得很难去相信她真正的目的保留共和而不是在大选前夕从一些国家辩论中获得更多的政治优势。这也是为什么我们不相信她在这件事上将会做出合理决断的原因。

Mr Speaker, I think that I would put it just a little bit differently from the right honorableGentleman, although I recognise some of the force of some of the points that he is making.Ithink when the Delors proposals for EMU came out, the economic and monetary union, it wassaid immediately by my right hon.Friend, the then Chancellor of the Exchequer that this was notreally about monetary policy at all.It is really about a back door to a federal Europe, a federalEurope taking many many democratic powers away from democratically elected bodies to non-elected ones.I believe fervently that that is true, which is why I will have nothing to do with theirdefinition of economic and monetary union.我认为想对那位绅士提出一点点不同的意见，尽管我在某种程度上承认他说的话。我认为Delors对统一货币机制的建议来自于经济和货币协会。朋友们，这一切和货币政策毫无相关。这实际上是对联邦欧盟开后门的表现，联邦的欧盟用很多共和的手段来使得有选举机制的国家朝着无选举机制发展。这是我的想法。这也是我为什么认为他们的经济和货币联盟定义毫无意义的原因。