英语四六级常考作文类型及1

第一篇：英语四六级常考作文类型及1

英语四六级常考作文类型及范文、句型

根据大学英语考试大纲的要求，大学英语考试四级作文的体裁有五类：议论文，说明文，应用文，记叙文和描写文。但在实际考试中，一般只考议论文和应用文两种体裁。

一、写作注意事项

注意文体特征：应用文是一种实用的文体。为了达到特定的交际目的，应用文的写作首先要求格式正确，语气恰当。

安排好文章结构：一般来说，考生可以依次展开提纲中的三个要点，形成成为文章三个段落。但是须知，写文章不是回答论述题，写文章是一门艺术，一篇优美的文章就是一件精美的艺术品。一篇文章是一个有机的整体，先写什么、后写什么都要有一个统筹安排，需要花心思琢磨一番。因此，为了使文章的结构更加合理，很多时候我们不能完全按照提纲的顺序来写。况且提纲只是规定了一篇文章写作的大致范围，并不要求考生严格按照其顺序来写作。构思好文章内容:四个字：有话能说。有些考生在考场上总想能象写汉语作文那样向老师掏心掏肺，写出自己的真情实感，而事实上大部分考生的英语语言能力是达不到这一点的，因而常常在考场上陷入有千言万语却写不出的苦恼。实际上，在构思文章的内容时最重要的不是你想写什么，而是你能写什么。在构思过程中，面对自己脑海中冒出来的许多想法，考生要选择那些自己能够用正确的英语表达出来的内容。总之，构思文章内容时，既要有话可说，更要有话能说

二、作文类型

1、致辞

Directions: Write a speech on the opening of a conference of no less than 120 words.In your speech, you should：

1、进行自我介绍，2、详细介绍大会内容，3、结束语。范文：Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing!To begin with, I would like to make a brief introduction to myself.I am the president of Motorola(China)Electronics Ltd.The following is my introduction to the conference.First, it is my great honor to be here with all of you and declare open the Conference of International Trade Cooperation.Second, on behalf of our company, I would like to express my heartfelt welcome to all the guests and delegates.Last, I believe our cooperative efforts are sure to be productive.I wish all of you enjoy yourselves during this conference and hope the above information will help you.If you have any question for me, please feel free to ask at any time.Thank you for your attention.2、求职信、求学信

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter applying for a position of a company.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese：

1、申请职位，2、简要介绍自己的情况，3、期待回信。范文：Dear Sir or Madam, I am senior from the Department of Business Administration of Beijing University.I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for admission into your esteemed institution/your recently advertised position for a staff member.I am sure that I am qualified for it.First, enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous academic qualifications and work experience.Second, not only do my qualifications and experience make me a perfect candidate for it, my cheerful personality is well suited to studying in your prestigious university/working as a staff member.Last, my hobbies include sports and music.Words fail me when I try to express my heartfelt gratitude to the help you rendered me.Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

3、邀请信：

Directions: You want to invite some friends to a party.Write an invitation letter to them individually：

1、邀请参加晚会，2、说明举办晚会的原因，3、将安排哪些活动。范文：Dear Wangcai, I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr.Old Fish’s wedding ceremony with Ms.Fujiwora to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m.on April 1, 2007.As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to attend the celebration and share our joy.The occasion will start at seven o’clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony.This will be followed by a dinner party.At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss.If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

4、个人简历

Directions: Write of resume of yourself of no less than 120 words.In it, you should：

1、说明姓名、地址、联系方式、求职目标，2、教育背景、工作经历、资历，3、所获奖励、特长，以及个人资料。范文：RESUME Li Ming P.O.Box 237, Beijing University Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871 Tel: 62768888 Email: liming@163.com

Career Objective: A position with management potential in the banking business specializing in international corporate financing Educational Background：Sept 2003 to Beijing University July 2007 Major in International Business Management Main courses include English,computer,Business Management, Accounting, International Commercial Law Work Experience：July 2006 to Bank of China June 2007 Internship, Secretary to Deputy Manager of Marketing Draft business correspondence Schedule deputy manager’s appointments

Qualifications: University graduation certificate and bachelor degree to be conferred upon graduation(2007)College English Test Band 4 June 2002 Honors & Awards: Twice awarded scholarship by Beijing University 2005& 2006 Special Skills: Familiarity with Microsoft Word, Excel Ability to work independently Outstanding Organizational skills Experience: President of Student Union 2003-present Personal Data: Date of Birth: Sep.17, 1984 Gender: Female Marital Status: Unmarried

5、告示

Directions: The Students’ Union of your department is planning a Chinese Speaking Contest.Write an announcement which covers the following information：

1、比赛目的、时间、地点，2、参赛者的要求，3、裁判和奖励的细节。You should write about 120 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use Department of Chinese Language and Literature at the end of the announcement.范文：Chinese Speaking Contest December 22, 2007 To improve students’ ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-class activities, the Students’ Union of Department of Chinese Language and Literature is organizing a school-wide Chinese speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week(29 December)at the Students’ Auditorium.Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week.Five professors will be invited to be judges.The first six winners will be given awards.Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest.The Students’ Union

Department of Chinese Language and Literature

6、就业

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Jobs for Graduates.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below：

1、大学生难找工作，2、原因很多，3、解决的办法。范文：Job hunting has always been a headache for college students.Though many graduates are employed right after graduation, some are not.Most serious of all, some still have no idea where to go working even a long time after graduation.The reasons for this phenomenon are various.On the one hand, a few years ago colleges and universities enrolled so many students in popular majors, such as economy, finance and so on that the number of graduates was greater than the need in the market.On the other hand, most graduates would rather stay in large cities without suitable job to do than go to the country.I reckon this problem can be solved if both colleges and students take measures.First, they should research the market and develop special skills to suit its need.Second, students’ attitude towards employment should be changed.They should go to small cities and country.There they can also give full play to their professional knowledge.In a word, if we pay much attention, the situation can be improved.7、考试

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Views on Examinations.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below：

1、大学都用考试来衡量学生的成绩，2、考生可能带来的副作用，3、我对考试的看法。

范文：In most colleges and universities the examination is used as a chief means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular subject.Although it does the job quite efficiently, its side effects are also enormous.To begin with, examinations lower the standards of teaching.Since teachers are often judged by examination results, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques.No subjects can be taught successfully merely through being approached with intent to take examinations.In addition, the most undesirable effect is that examinations encourage bad study habits.As the examination score is the only criterion for his academic performance, a student is driven to memorize mechanically rather than to think creatively.In fact, few of us admit that examinations can contribute anything really important to the students’ academic development.If that is the case, why cannot we make a change and devise something more efficient and reliable than examinations?

8、读后感

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Favorite Novel.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below：

1、我最喜爱的小说，2、该小说的内容，3、我为什么喜爱。

范文：My favorite novel is Around the World in Eighty Days which is written by Jules Verne.The author was born in France and devoted himself to literature and wrote several scientific romances, which gained him the name——Father of Modern Science Fiction.This is a book of science fiction which tells us an exciting story about an English gentleman, Mr.Phileas Fogg, who makes a bet with his clubmates and manages to travel around the world in eighty days.It gives us a vivid description of the many difficulties and incidents which happen on his journey.From this story, we can see the author’s deep love for the sea, travel and adventure, which played a vital role in his life.We are also astonished and convinced by his fertile imagination and scientific and geographical knowledge.9、难忘的人：

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The most unforgettable Person I ever Know.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below：

1、我生活中最难忘的人是，2、为什么他(或她)令我难以忘怀，3、结论。

范文：In my life I have met a great many people who are really worth recalling.But perhaps the most unforgettable person I ever know is my English teacher.What frequently brings back memories of my school teacher is his special qualities.First and foremost, he gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer—an awakening of a passion for learning.He not only led us to an appreciation of the beauty and perfection of English language and literature, but also aroused our great interest in exploring something deeper in this field.Furthermore, I was attracted by his lively wit.I remember that we students always anticipated his class with great eagerness because his lecture were humorously delivered, never failing to provoke chuckles or loud laughs.Although it is nearly two years since I attended his last class, he is the talk of our old classmates, and I know part of him has already stayed in my heart.10、论述文框架：

Owing to the speedy economic development, the number of people who…has considerably increased/declined.It is universally acknowledged that … plays a crucial role in modern society.Due attention has to be paid to the issue of….With the reform and opening-up in recent decades，people in mounting numbers have come to realize the significance of ….If we let this situation continue as it is, we do not know where humans will be in the forthcoming future.Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures.To begin with, we should appeal to the authorities to make strict laws to ….In addition, we should cultivate the awareness of people that … is essential to us.Only in this way can we reverse this disturbing trend illustrated above.常用句型

一、引出开头

1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…）

2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus.==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）

3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题）

4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）

6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）

7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……）8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...）

二、表达不同观点 1：People's views on……vary from person to person.Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解）3：Attitudes towards（drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异）

4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）

三、表示结尾

1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……）

2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……）3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……）

4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……）

5:There is no doubt that(job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点）

6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题）

四、提出建议

1：It is high time that we put an end to the(trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）

2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视）

3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……）

4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……）5：Spare no effort to + V（不遗余力的）

五、预示后果

1：Obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）

2：No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……）

3：It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展）

六、表示论证

1：From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理)2：I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点）3：As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……（就我来说……）

4：I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced(that)子句.（我真诚地相信……）

5：Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……）

七、给出原因

1：The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子（...的原因是...）2:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons.First,…….Second,…….Third，……。这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三……

3：For one thing,…… For another thing，…… ==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面……

4：I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述，即……。其主要原因如下。

八、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法

1：The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是…… 2：As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，…… 3;It is obvious that……很显然……

4：It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的，但这并不意味着……

5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视……

6：There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明……

九、表示好处和坏处

1：It has the following advantages.它有如下优势

2：It is beneficial/harmful to us.==It is of great benefit/harm to us.它对我们有益处

3:It has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之处

十、表示重要、方便、可能

1：It is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.对于某人做……是……

2：It plays an important role in our life.十一、采取措施

1：We should take some effective measures.我们应该采取有效措施

2：We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难

3：We should do our utmost in doing sth.我们应该尽力去做……

4：We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难

十二、显示变化

1：Some changes have taken place in the past five years.过去五年发生了很多变化 2：Great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications.在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化

3：It has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到…

4：The output of July in this factory increased by 15%.这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15%

十三、表明事实现状

1;We cannot ignore the fact that……我们不能忽略这个事实…… 2：No one can deny the fact that……没人能否认这个事实…… 3：This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.4:be closely related to ~~（与...息息相关）

十四、进行比较

1：Compared with A,B……与A比较，B…… 2;I prefer to read rather than watch TV.十五、常用英语谚语

1：Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩 2：All is not gold that glitters.发光的未必都是金子 3：All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马

4：A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半 5：Every advantage has its disadvantage有利必有弊 6：A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里 7：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母 8:Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母 9:It is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老 10:Knowledge is power.知识就是力量

11:Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人 三、四六级考试流程

2012年英语四六级考试时间：6月16日

考试

时间

英语四级

星期六 06-16 09:00-11:20

英语六级

星期六 06-16 15:00-17:20

大学英语四级考试流程

8：50---9：00试音时间

9：00---9：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷

9：10取下耳机，开始作文考试

9：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册(但9：40才允许开始做)

9：40---9：55做快速阅读

9：55---10：00收答题卡一(即作文和快速阅读)

9：55---10：00重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试

10：00开始听力考试，之声开始放音

听力结束后完成剩余考项。

11：20全部考试结束。

大学英语六级考试流程

14：50---15：00试音寻台时间

15：00---15：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷

15：10取下耳机，开始作文考试

15：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册(但15：40才允许开始做)

15：40---15：55做快速阅读部分

15：55---16：00收答题卡一(即作文和快速阅读)

15：55---16：00重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试

16：00开始听力考试，之声开始放音

听力结束后完成剩余考项。

17：20全部考试结束

（有些内容是个人补充的，可能会有些小差错，仅供参考啊、、、）

第二篇：英语四六级常考易混淆近义词

英语四六级常考易混淆近义词# 1.ability n.能力,本领,技巧~to do sth.capability n.才能,可能性,性能~to do/of doing sth.capacity n.容量,潜能,智能~to do/for doing sth.2.able adj.能干的,有能力的~to do sth.capable adj.能胜任的,有可能的~of doing sth.competent adj.能胜任的,(知识技术)过硬的~to do/for sth.qualified adj.符合资格/条件的~for sth./in doing sth.3.absence n.缺席,不在,缺乏(证据,理由)lack n.缺少,没有(信心,经验)want n.需要,缺乏(知识,关心)4.accept vt.接受(可拒绝)receive vt.(无法拒绝地)收到 5.accident n.意外事故,灾祸

incident n.事件,事变,(政治)事端 event n.大事,重大事件 occurrence n.偶然发生之事 6.accomplish vt.完成 achieve vt.获得(成就)attain vt.达到(目标)

7.accordingly adv.(自然而平常的因果)于是,据此

consequently adv.(未必必然之)结果,因此(=as a result)

hence adv.(为强调前因之)因而,所以,这样(thus)

therefore adv.(作为必然结果/结论)因此(because of this)

8.accurate adj.(话、计算等)准确,精确的 exact adj.(数字、细节)与事实/标准相符的,确切的

precise adj.精确严密的,严谨无误的 9.accuse v.控告(~sb.of…)charge v.控告(~sb.with…)scold v.责备(~sb.for…)

sentence v.判处徒刑(~sb.for…)

10.acknowledge v.公开承认(本来否认之事)~a secret

admit v.不情愿、被迫承认(真实性)~a statement

confess v.认错,招供~(to);~a crime

11.adapt vt.使(有能力)适应(新环境、条件)

adjust vt.(调整以)适应,调节(机器、仪器)regulate vi.校正,调节(温度、速度);控制 12.adequate adj.(相对于某一标准的)足够的,适当的

enough adj.(相对于愿望、要求的)足够的

sufficient adj.(相对于实际需要的)足够的,充分的

13.adhere vi坚持(原则等~to)insist vi坚持(观点等~on,~that)persist vi坚持(行动等~in)persevere vi.持之以恒

stick vi坚持,粘着(原先的立场、主张、承诺等~to)

14.advise v.建议,忠告

counsel n.v.(审慎而正式)忠告,顾问 15.area n.(与面积相关的)地区,区域 region n.(与某天然色、气候相关的)地区,大行政区

zone n.(与地理上、军事、政治、商业等相关的)区

district n行政划分的区(比region小),(市内的)区

16.affect vt.(直接,有形的;不良的,情感的)影响

influence vt.(潜移默化地)影响 impact vt.冲击,(巨大地)影响

17.aid v.(急需的、经济等方面的)援助 assist v.(辅助、次要的)协助,起助手作用 help v.(精神、物质上)帮助(以达到某种目的)

18.aim n.(军事,体育)目的,目标,明确的奋斗目标

goal n.(长期努力的)目标,终点 objective n.(具体、直接、很快可达到的)目标,目的

purpose n.意图,目的

19.allow v.(不加阻止、默许)准许,许可~sb.to do,~for permit v.(正式而严肃的)允许,准许~sb.to do,~doing sth.20.alter v.(局部、尺寸等)改变~a dress改制衣服

change v.(通用词)变化,改变~a dress换衣服

convert v.(本质、信仰等)转变~sb./sth.into

shift vt.变换(档,速,位置);(并非出于自愿的)改变,更换,转移

transfer vt.搬迁,调动;改转(车票等)vary vi.(一定范围内)变动,变化

21.amaze v.(=surprise greatly)使愕然 astonish v.(对无法理解、解释之事的)震惊

surprise v.使吃惊

22.answer v.回答(问题),接(电话),(对敲门等的)答应

reply v.(正式、书面的)答复~that…,~to…

respond vi.(口头或行动上的)响应,反应~to

23.apparatus n.(与某职业相关的)仪器、器械

appliance n.(常~s)电器

equipment n.(不可数)设备,装备 implement n.(大型)工具,(农)具,器具 instrument n.精密仪器,乐器

24.apparent adj.表面的,明显的(←appear)

distinct adj.与众不同的,清楚的(→distinctive)

evident adj.有证据表明的,显然的(←evidence)

obvious adj.显而易见的 25.appear vi.(事物)出现 arise v.(问题等)出现

emerge vi.(从…冒出)~from…

26.appropriate adj.非常匹配的,合适的~for…

fit adj.(衣)合身的;恰当的be~to do sth./for sb.proper adj.适合(情理)的,适宜的 suitable adj.与某场合相适应的,恰当的~for…

27.argue v.(引经据典的)辩论,争论~for/against…

debate v.(公开、正式的)论证,辩论 dispute v.n.(激烈、频繁的)争论,争执,争议

discuss v.讨论

28.arise vi.(问题等)出现 raise vt.提起,抬高,升起 rise vi.升起,上涨 lift vt.提,举,抬起

29.artificial adj.人造的,人工的(仿效自然物)

synthetic adj.合成的(通过化学成分组合)

false adj.虚假的,错的(←true),代替真的 unnatural adj.不自然的(←natural),做作的

unreal adj.不真实的,虚构的(←real)30.attempt v.企图,试用~to do sth.endeavor v.努力,尽力~to do sth.strive v.力争~for…,~to do sth.31.attract vt.吸引,引起,使感兴趣 draw vt.招引,吸住,故意引起注意 32.attract vt.吸引,引诱 charm vt.迷住,使陶醉 fascinate v.使神往,使忘情

33.average adj.(通过数字统计而确定的)一般的,普通的

normal adj.正常的,符合标准的(如体温等)

ordinary adj.普通的,平凡的 regular adj.有规律的,经常的

34.aware adj.~of知道,意识到→unaware不知道

conscious adj.~of对…有意识→unconscious失去知觉的

35.awful adj.(情感上认为环境等的)可怕的

dreadful adj.(对鬼、死、恶梦等)可怕的 fearful adj.害怕的,担心的

第三篇：常考病句类型

中考语文常见病句类型及修改

一、句子成分残缺

缺少主语又分两种情况。

1.主语被掩盖，如： ⑴通过这次活动，使我们开阔了眼界，增长了见识。

这个句子由于在“这次活动”前加上了“通过”一词，和在“我们”前加上了“使”一词，使得这个句子的主语被掩盖起来，致使主语残缺。修改的方法是，把“通过”一词删去，让“这次活动”作句子的主语。或者把“使”删去，让“我们”作句子的主语。

2.误认主语，造成主语残缺，如： ⑵阵风掠过稻田时，恰似滚滚的黄河水，上下起伏。

这个句子误认“阵风”为主语，其实主语应是“稻浪”。修改的方法是，在“恰是”前加上“稻浪”。

3.缺少宾语的中心语，如： ⑶他这个人有不少值得表扬。

这个句子缺少宾语的中心语，应在句末加上“的地方”。

二、句子成分不搭配

1.主语和谓语不搭配，如： ⑷这时，全场所有人的眼睛都集中到大会主席台上。

这个句子的中心语“眼睛”和谓语“集中”不搭配，应将“眼睛”改为“目光”。

2.动词和它的宾语不搭配，如：⑸同学们以敬佩的目光注视着和倾听着这位英模的报告。

这个句子的谓语动词“注视”和它的宾语“报告”不搭配，修改的方法是，在“注视

后加上“这位英模”，将“和”去掉，在“这位英模”后加逗号。

3.主语和宾语不搭配，如：⑹七月的内蒙古草原，是一个美丽的季节。

这个句子的主语“内蒙古草原”和宾语“季节”不搭配，可改为：内蒙古草原的七月，是一个美丽的季节。

4.定语和它的中心语不搭配，如：⑺他迈着强壮有力的步伐正向我们走来。

这个句子的定语“强壮”与它的中心语“步伐”不搭配，可将“强壮”改为“强健”。

5.状语和它的中心语不搭配，如：⑻这朴素的话语多么深刻地蕴含着人生哲理啊！

这个句子的状语“多么深刻”与其中心语“蕴含”不搭配，应改为：这朴素的话语蕴含着多么深刻的人生哲理啊！

三、词序不当

词序不当容易产生歧义，如：⑼记者又到学校采访到了许多张老师的事迹。

这个句子有两种理解：一种是把“许多”看作是“事迹”的定语，表示有“许多事迹”;一种是把“许多”看作是“张老师”的定语，表示有“许多张老师”。要避免这种歧义，应把“许多”调到“张老师”的后边。词序不当的另一个表现是，多个定语距中心语的远近关系处理不当。如：⑽我们学校有优秀的有三十年教龄的两位老教师。

这个句子的宾语中心语“教师”有四个定语，按其距中心语的远近关系应排列为：两位---有三十年教龄的---优秀的---老。因此，这句话可改为：我们学校有两位有三十年教龄的优秀的老教师。

四、种属关系并列

具有种属关系的概念不得并列，如：⑾他经常去图书馆查阅工具书、辞典和《现代汉语词典》。

这个句子中的工具书和辞典、《现代汉语词典》是种属关系，不的并列，应改为：他经常去图书馆查阅辞典和《现代汉语词典》等工具书。

五、交叉关系并列

具有交叉关系的概念也不得并列，如：⑿这所学校里大部分是中青年教师，老教师和女教师只占少数。

这个句子中的“中青年教师”和“老教师”中包含有“女教师”，女教师中也包含有“中青年教师”和“老教师”，“中青年教师”和“女教师”及“老教师”和“女教师”均是交叉关系，不得并列。因此应将“女教师”删去。

六、意义关系颠倒

在一个递进复句中，前项和后项是递进关系，其意义关系不得颠倒，如：

⒀他不仅能写长篇大论的理论文章，而且能写一般的应用文。

这个复句中前项和后项关系出现颠倒，应将“能写一般的应用文”作复句的前项，将“能写长篇大论的理论文章”作为后项。这个复句可改为：他不仅能写一般的应用文，而且能写长篇大论的理论文章。

七、同义反复

同义反复有时候产生积极的修辞效果，但更多的时候是产生消极的效果，如：

⒁听说学校要成立文学社，他首先第一个报了名。

“首先”和“第一个”是同义词，在这句话中出现显得多余，应将其中一个删去。

八、关联词语不搭配

关联词语不搭配，会破坏分句之间的逻辑关系，如：⒂高速度的发展我国的科技事业和文教事业，既是十分必要的，而且是十分可能的。

“既……而且……”不搭配，可将“而且”改为“又”，与“既”构成并列关系，或将“既”改为“不仅”，与“而且”构成递进关系。

九、滥用关联词语

复句中分句间的关系具有内在逻辑性，不得人为地强加某种关系，如：⒃这本书出版好几年了，所以作者最近作了较大的修改。

这个句子的语病是滥用关联词语“所以”，加强因果关系，应将“所以”去掉。

十、关联词语位置不当

复句中关联词语的位置一般具有确定性，不得随意调动，如：⒄不仅中草药能与一般抗菌素媲美，而且副作用小，成本也较低。

“不仅”只有放在“中草药”后才能与“而且”构成递进关系，因此，应将“不仅”调到“中草药”后。

十一、前后项不对应

如果一个句子的前项出现了两种情况，那么后项就应该有另外两种情况与之对应，否则，就会造成前后项不对应，如：⒅有没有健康的身体，是能做好工作的前提。

这个句子的前项出现了两种情况：有健康的身体和没有健康的身体，而后项只有一种情况“能做好工作”，这种情况与前项中的“有健康的身体”对应，而缺少和“没有健康的身体”相对应的另一种情况，因此，这个句子应在“能”字后加一个“否”字，这样前后项就对应了。

十二、否定不当

不适当的否定会改变句子的原意，如：⒆为了避免今后不再发生类似事故，我们必须尽快健全安全制度。

这个句子的原意是要避免类似事故再次发生，加否定词“不”后，就改变了整个句子的原意，因此，应将否定词“不”去掉。

十三、感情色彩错误 褒义贬义误用 如 处心积虑（贬义）用心良苦（褒义）

指出下面句子的语病，并进行修改。

⑴李明的这篇作文，结构严谨，语言流畅，在全国作文比赛中把它评为一等奖。

⑵对于大学毕业生就业难的问题，引起了全社会的极大关注

⑶为了您的人身安全，请勿用左手启动家电，以防万无一失。

⑷中国人民是赞同成立联合国的首批国家之一。

第四篇：英语四六级听力常考场景词汇及规律总结

英语四六级听力常考场景词汇及规律总结

1、词汇总结：

校园: department, school, law school, research paper, term paper, reading list, reading report, lecture, undergraduate, graduate, post graduate, freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, course, credit, tuition, scholarship, cafeteria 公司: interview, post, position, apply for, resume, working experience bank: deposit, draw, interest, check, bankbook, open an account, exchange, money exchange, rate of exchange, currency, deposit savings 邮局: letter, stamp, envelope, postage, ordinary mail, express mail, zip code, money order, package, parcel, registered letter, airmail, mail a letter 火车站: platform, waiting-room, inquiry office, baggage office, ticket office, one-way ticket, return ticket 机场: plane, waiting lounge, information office, duty-free shop, boarding pass/ticket, first class, business class, economy class, air ticket, airfare, direct flight, non-stop flight, stopover, domestic flight, international flight, flight No.280, air hostess, No Smoking sign, seatbelt, take off, land, gate number, departure, arrival，coach, go through the customs 餐厅: menu, waiter, waitress, main dish, appetizer, dessert, the first course, ready to order, a table for four, underdone, well-done, half-done, over-done, tender, have the bill, reserve a table, beef, mutton, pork, steak, chicken, salad, cabbage, potato, tomato, knife, fork, spoon, tray, sea food, hamburger, drinks, apple pie 旅馆: single room with bath, double room, suite, presidential suite, lobby, check in, check out, room number, receptionist, make a reservation 图书馆: borrow a book, return a book, overdue, renew, catalog, fine, librarian, back issue, current issue, reference book, magazine, journal, bookshelf 医院: prescribe some medicines, run a fever, have a running nose, nose congestion, take the temperature, scratchy throat, sore throat, cough, pills, tablets, headache, stomach, dizzy, flu, catch a cold, worn out

2、场景规律总结：

1）学习方面

①选课：课程总是很难，男生说难；女生要么劝男生坚持，要么建议他暂时放弃，以后再学。

②听课：学生经常上课迟到、缺课，教授总是守时；总有一些学生不适应教授的讲课，教授总会给学生留一些作业。

③作业：完成作业总是有一定的困难，很难按时完成，而教授一般不接受延期的作业。

④考试：学生通过考试则高兴，相互祝贺；考试失败，则情绪低落，相互安慰；为了准备考试要么熬夜，要么逃课。

⑤买书、借书场景规律：图书馆中借书难，买书总是不好买，书总是不好读；因为学生钱不多，宁愿去图书馆。

⑥谈论学习：学习总是难事；理论要联系实际，文章要多读，同学要配合；学习场所要安静。

2）购物、就餐

①购物：学生比较穷，买东西需要打折，贵的买不起，花钱很节省。

②外出就餐：不想做饭，不想再食堂吃饭或者要招待客人去餐馆吃饭，餐馆的服务总是有缺点。

3）校园内外活动

①看戏看电影、听音乐会：学生证应随身携带，可以买到打折票；票是不好买；这样的活动大家都喜欢去。

②旅游：乘坐交通工具；交通工具常晚点；大家结伴而行；总会有人迟到；

③接送人：送人往往很伤感；接人总是不顺利：交通工具会晚点、行李不容易找到。4）工作

①谈同事谈工作：老板讨厌迟到，员工总是迟到，工作又累又枯燥，上司不好对付。

②求职：要写申请信；面试前了解解职位充满自信；面试时着装要整洁，提前到，仍紧张。

5）其他

①社交活动：组织活动邀请人时要告诉对方同时受邀请的人员；每逢过节亲朋好友生日要送礼物或举行晚会庆祝；外出旅行时给朋友打电话或寄贺卡。

②保持健康：有病要早治；男士要戒烟戒酒，女士男士都要减肥；要定期去体检；去看医生之前要打电话约定时间，医生都很忙，一般有人不遵守医嘱不按时服药。

③租房搬家具：学生要找便宜的房子，分担房费，与人合租；学生对家具的要求不高；为了安静学生有时候还得搬家，虽然新找的房子的房租可能更贵。

第五篇：新英语新四六级汉译英常考中国特色词表

2015年新四六级汉译英常考中国特色词

小帅帅老师制作（更多资料：@Jason小帅帅_）中国历史与文化 京剧 Peking opera 秦腔 Qin opera 功夫Kungfu 太极Tai Chi 口技 ventriloquism 木偶戏 puppet show 皮影戏 shadow play 折子戏 opera highlights 杂技 acrobatics 相声witting dialogue 刺绣 embroidery 苏绣Suzhou embroidery 泥人 clay figure 书法calligraphy 中国画 traditional Chinese painting 水墨画Chinese brush painting 中国结Chinese knot 中国古代四大文明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火药gunpowder 印刷术printing 造纸术paper-making 指南针 the compass 青铜器bronze ware 瓷器 porcelain;china 唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 景泰蓝cloisonne 秋千swing 武术martial arts 儒家思想 Confucianism 儒家文化 Confucian culture 道教 Taoism 墨家 Mohism 法家 legalism 佛教 Buddhism 孔子 Confucius 孟子 Mencius 老子 Lao Tzu

庄子 Chuang Tzu 墨子 Mo Tzu 孙子 Sun Tzu

象形文字 pictographic characters

文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）the Four Treasures of the Study(brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)

《大学》The great Learning

《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean 《论语》The analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius

《孙子兵法》The Art of War 《三国演义》Three Kingdoms 《西游记》Journey to the West

《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions 《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes

《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers

《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror

《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史记》Historical Records 《诗经》The Book of Songs

《易经》The I Ching: The Book of Changes 《礼记》The Book of Rites

《三字经》Three-character Scriptures 八股文 eight-part essay

五言绝句 five-character quatrain 七言律诗 seven-character octave 旗袍 cheongsam

中山装 Chinese tunic suit

风水 Fengshui;Geomantic omen 阴历 Lunar calendar 阳历 Solar calendar 闰年 leap year 十二生肖 zodiac

春节 the Spring Festival 元宵节 The Lantern Festival 清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节 the Double-ninth Day 七夕节 the Double-seventh Day 春联 spring couplets 庙会 temple fair 爆竹 firecracker 年画(traditional)New Year pictures 压岁钱 New Year gift-money 舞龙 dragon dance 元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯festival lantern 灯谜 lantern riddle 舞狮 lion dance 踩高跷 stilt walking 赛龙舟 dragon boat race 胡同 hutong 山东菜 Shandong cuisine 月饼 moon cake 年糕 rice cake 油条 deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆 soybean milk 馒头 steamed buns 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 包子 steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck 拉面 hand-stretched noodles 馄饨 wonton(dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu;bean curd 麻花 fried dough twist 烧饼 clay oven rolls 皮蛋 100-year egg;century egg 蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg 糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks 火锅 hot pot 烽火台 beacon tower 秦始皇陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda 丝绸之路 the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Grottoes 华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs 五台山 Wutai Mountain 九华山 Jiuhua Mountain 峨眉山 Mount Emei 泰山 Mount Tai

黄山 Mount Huangshan;the Yellow Mountain

故宫 the Imperial Palace 天坛 the Temple of Heaven 午门 Meridian Gate 大运河 Grand Canal 护城河the Moat 回音壁 Echo Wall

居庸关 Juyongguan Pass 九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall

黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵 the Ming Tombs 苏州园林 Suzhou gardens 西湖West Lake

九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭 Sun Moon Lake 布达拉宫 Potala Palace 鼓楼 drum tower

四合院 quadrangle;countyard complex 孔庙 Confucius Temple

乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha

十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛 Lama

转世灵童 reincarnated soul boy 中药 traditional Chinese medicine

《黄帝内经》Emperor Huangdi's Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine

《神农本草经》Shennong's Herbal Classic 《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica针灸 acupuncture 推拿 medical massage 切脉 feeling pulse

五禽戏 five-animal exercises 旧石器时代 the Paleolithic Age

新石器时代the Neolithic Age;New Stone Age

母系氏族社会matriarchal clan society 封建的feudal 朝代 dynasty 秦朝 Qin Dynasty

秦始皇帝 Emperor Qinshihuang;the First Emperor of Qin

皇太后 Empress Dowager 汉高祖刘邦 Liu Bang, Emperor Huangaozu, founder of the Han Dynasty 成吉思汗 Genghis Khan 春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period 文成公主 Tang Princess Wencheng 慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Ci Xi 皇帝、君主 emperor;monarch 诸侯 vassal 皇妃 imperial concubine 丞相、宰相 prime minister 太监 court eunuch 少数民族ethnic minority 祭祀 offer sacrifices 西域 the Western Regions 战国 the Warring States 中华文明 Chinese civilization 文明的摇篮 cradle of civilization 秦始皇统一中国 unification of the country by Emperor Qinshihuang 鸦片战争 the Opium War 太平天国 the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 戊戌变法 the Reform Movement of 1898 辛亥革命 the 1911 Revolution 新民主主义革命 New-democratic Revolution 五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919 南昌起义 Nanchang Uprising 918事变 September 18th Incident 长征 the Long March 西安事变 Xi'an Incident 南京大屠杀 Nanjing Massacre 抗日战争 the War of Resistance Against Japan 满族 Manchu 蒙古人 Mongol 士大夫 scholar-officials 学者 scholar 诗人 poet 政治家 statesman 社会地位social status

中国社会 多元文化论 cultural pluralism 文化适应 acculturation 社会保障 social security 班车 shuttle bus

相定迁户 a relocated unit or household 大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age

独生子女 the only child in a family 单亲 single parent

福利彩票 welfare lotteries

家政服务 household management service 民工 migrant laborers 名人 celebrity

农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers 青春期 puberty

全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign 全国人口普查 nationwide census 社会保险 social insurance

暂住证 temporary residence permit/card 青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency 性骚扰 sexual harassment 走私 smuggling

性另歧视 gender/sexual discrimination 年龄歧视 age discrimination 工作歧视 job discrimination 享乐主义hedonism 文盲 illiteracy

贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor

盗版 pirated/illegal copies

一国两制 One Country, Two Systems 三个代表 the Three Represents Theory

两会(人大、政协)Two Conferences(NPC and CPPCC)

南南合作 South-South Cooperation 南北对话 North-South Dialog

人大常委会 People’s Congress Standing Committee

法制观念 awareness of law

法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system

改革开放 reform and opening-up 公务员 civil servants

官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work 和谐并存 harmonious coexistence 计划生育 family planning 计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning 精神文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization 居委会 neighborhood committee 科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展 sustainable development 廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency 两岸关系 cross-straits relations 两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations 领土完整 territorial integrity 民族精神 national spirit 普选制 general election system 求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences 人大代表NPC member 物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization 小康社会 a well-off society 小康水平a well-off standard 一个中国原则 the one-China principle 与时俱进 keep pace with the times 综合国力 overall national strength 共同愿望common desire “走出去”(战略)going global 不结盟 non-alignment 单边主义 unilateralism 多边政策 multilateralism 多极世界 multipolar world 人口老龄化 aging of population 人口出生率birth rate 社区服务 community service 道德法庭 court of ethics 盗用公款embezzlement 成人夜校 night school for adults 在职进修班 on-job training courses 政治思想教育 political and ideological education 毕业生分配 graduate placement;assignment of graduate 充电 update one’s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大学城 college town

大学社区 college community 高等教育 higher education

高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education

高等学府 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科院校 colleges of(liberal)arts

理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering

师范学院 teachers’ college;normal college 高分低能 high scores and low abilities

高考(university/college)entrance examination 高校扩招 the college expansion plan 教育界 education circle 教育投入 input in education

九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education

考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools

课外活动 extracurricular activities 必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic courses

专业课 specialized courses 课程表 school schedule

教学大纲 teaching program;syllabus 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学分 credit

启发式教学 heuristic teaching 人才交流 talent exchange

人才战 competition for talented people 商务英语证书 Business English Certificate(BEC)

适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age

升学率 proportion of students entering

schools of a higher grade;enrollment rate 硕博连读 a continuous academic project that involves postgraduate and doctoral study 素质教育 quality-oriented education

填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching 希望工程Project Hope 走读生 extern;non-resident student 住宿生boarder 研究生 graduate student;post-graduate(student)应届毕业生 graduating student;current year’s graduate 校园数字化 campus digitalization 校园文化 campus culture 学汉语热 enthusiasm in learning Chinese 学历教育 education with record of formal schooling 学龄儿重school-ager 学前教育 preschool education 学生减负 alleviate the burden on students 应试教育 exam-oriented education 职业道德 work ethics;professional ethics 记者招待会press conference 国家教委 State Education Commission 国家统计局 State Statistical Bureau 职业培训job training 职业文盲 functional illiterate 智力引进 recruit/introduce(foreign)talents 智商 intelligence quotient(IQ)助学行动 activity to assist the impoverished students 网络世界cyber world 网络文化cyber culture 网络犯罪cyber crime 网上购物 online shopping 高产优质 high yield and high quality 高科技园 high-tech park 工业园区 industrial park 火炬计划 Torch Program(a plan to develop new and high technology)信息港info port 信息革命 information revolution 电子货币e-currency 人工智能 artificial intelligence(AI)生物技术 bio-technology 克隆 cloning 基因工程 genetic engineering 转基因食品 genetically modified food(GM food)试管婴儿 test-tube baby 基因哭变 genetic mutation 网络出版e-publishing

三维电影 three-dimensional movie 光谷 optical valley 虚拟银行virtual bank 信息化 informationization

信息高速公路 information superhighway 新兴学科 new branch of science;emerging discipline

纳米 nanometer

个人数字助理 personal digital assistant(PDA)

生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture 技术密集产品 technology-intensive product 数码科技 digital technology 同步卫星 geostationary satellite

神舟五号载人飞船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou V

风云二号气象卫星 Fengyun II meteorological satellite 登月舱 lunar module

多任务小卫星 small multi-mission satellite(SMMS)

多媒体短信服务 Multimedia Messaging Service(MMS)

电子商务 e-business;e-commerce 电子管理e-management

办公自动化 Office Automation(OA)信息高地 information highland 信息检索 information retrieval 电话会议 teleconference 无土栽培 soilless cultivation 超级杂交水稻super-hybrid rice

科技发展 scientific and technological advancement

重点项目key project

国家重点工程 national key projects

南水北调 South-to-North water diversion 西电东送 West-East electricity transmission project

西气东输 West-East natural gas transmission project

网络造谣 fabricating online rumors 恶意侵害他人名誉 maliciously harming the reputation of others 停止服务 closure/shutdown of service 公司歇业 closure of business 道路封闭road closure 人为操作差错 man-made operational mistakes 生态系统 ecosystem 森林生态系统forest ecosystem 海洋生态系统marine ecosystem 垄断价格 to monopolize the price 垄断市to monopolize/forestall/captive/corner the market 限购私用汽车 to curb the purchase of vehicles for private use 汽车限购 vehicle purchase restrictions 汽车购买配额 vehicle purchase quotas 车牌摇号 a lottery for license plates 牌照单双号限行 odd-even license plate system 黑名单制度 a blacklist system 执业医师 practicing physician;licensed doctors 二代身份证 2nd-generation ID cards 防伪技术 anti-forgery technology 非法交易 illegal transaction 冒名顶替 identification fraud 洗钱 money laundering 挂失 to report the loss 补办 to re-apply/post-register 户籍 household registration 居住证 residence permit 山洪暴发flash floods 水位 water level 低洼地区 low-lying areas 淹没农田 to inundate crops 大桥蜂塌 bridge collapse 最严重受灾地区 worst-hit/worst-stricken area 直接经济损失direct economic loss 应急系统 emergency response system 闯红灯 running red light 遮挡、污损号牌 blocking or defacing license plates 扣分处罚point penalty 酒驾 drunk driving

终身禁驾 lifetime ban from driving

中国经济

总需求 aggregate demand 总供给 aggregate supply

企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象 corporate image(Cl);enterprise image

跨国公司 cross-national corporation

创业精神 enterprising spirit;pioneering spirit 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter

假日经济 holiday economy 人力资本human capital

航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业 electronic industry 汽车制造工业 car industry 娱乐业 entertainment industry 信息产业 information industry

知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry

国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业 light industry 博彩业 lottery industry

制造业 manufacturing industry 垄断行业 monopoly industries 市场多元化 market diversification 市场经济 market economy 市场监管 market supervision 购买力 purchasing power 熊市 bear market 牛市 bull market 城镇化 urbanization 房地产 real estate 首付 down-payment 业主 home owner

个人购房贷款 individual housing loan 经济全球化 economic globalization 经济特区 special economic zones(SEZ)经济增长 economic growth 泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税tariff 纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy 货币投放量 the size of money supply 流动性过剩excess liquidity 经济过热 overheated economy 通货膨胀inflation 抑制通货膨胀curb inflation 注入流动性 to inject liquidity 贴现率 discount rate 存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio(RRR)公开市场业务 open market operation(OMO)逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement;reverse repo 引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level 稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy 微调货币政策 to fine-tune monetary policy 硬着陆 hard landing 软着陆 soft landing 二十国集团 Group of Twenty(G2O)财政部长 Finance Minister 全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year 经济活力 economic vitality 大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package 结构改革 structural reform 硬资产 hard assets 软资产 soft assets 有形资产 tangible assets 经济走廊 economic corridor 整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order 反垄断 antitrust;anti-monopoly 定价浮动 price fluctuations 谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit 债务审计audit of debt 地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability 公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system 债务管理 debt management 信用支持 credit support