2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选

第一篇：2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选

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2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选（3）

差不多先生传

胡适

你知道中国最有名的人是谁?

提起此人，人人皆晓，处处闻名。他姓差，名不多(1)，是各省各县各村人氏。你一定见过他，一定听说过别人谈起他。差不多先生的名字天天挂在大家的口头，因为他是中国全国人的代表。

差不多先生的相貌和你和我都差不多。他有一双眼睛，但看的不很清楚;他有两只耳朵，但听的不很分明;有鼻子和嘴，但他对于气味和口味都不很讲究。他的脑子也不小，但他的记性却不很精明，他的思想也不很细密(2)。

他常常说：“凡事只要差不多，就好了。何必太精明呢?”

他小的时候，他妈叫他去买红糖，他买了白糖回来。他妈骂他，他摇摇头说：“红糖白糖不是差不多吗?”

他在学堂的时候，先生问他：“直隶省(3)的西边是哪一省?”他说是陕西。先生说：“错了。是山西，不是陕西。”他说：“陕西同山西，不是差不多吗?”

后来他在一个钱铺(4)里做伙计，他也会写，也会算，只是总不会精细。十字常常写成千字，千字常常写成十字。掌柜的生气了，常常骂他。他只是笑嘻嘻地赔小心道：“千字比十字只多一小撇，不是差不多吗?”

有一天他为了一件要紧的事，要搭火车到上海去。他从从容容地走到火车站，迟了两分钟，火车已经开走了。他白瞪着眼，望着远远的火车上煤烟，摇摇头道：“只好明天再走了，今天走同明天走，也差不多。可是火车公司未免太认真了。8点30分开，同8点32分开，不是差不多吗?“他一面说，一面慢慢地走回家，心里总不

明白为什么火车不肯等他两分钟。

有一天，他忽然得了急病，赶快叫家人去请东街的汪医生。那家人急急忙忙地跑去，一时寻不着东街的汪大夫，却把西街牛医王大夫请来了。差不多先生病在床上，知道寻错了人;但病急了，身上痛苦，心里焦急，等不得了，心里想道：“好在王大夫同汪大夫也差不多，让他试试看罢。”于是这位牛医王大夫走近床前，用医牛的法子给差不多先生治病。不上一点钟，差不多先生就一命呜呼了。

差不多先生差不多要死的时候，一口气断断续续地说道：“活人同死人也„„差„„差不多，„„凡事只要„„差„„差„„不多„„就„„好了，„„何„„何„„必„„太„„太认真呢?”他说完了这句格言(5)，方才绝气了。

他死后，大家都很称赞差不多先生样样事情看得破，想得通(6);大家都说他一生不肯认真，不肯算账，不肯计较，真是一位有德行的人。于是大家给他取个死后的法号，叫他做圆通大师。

他的名誉越传越远，越久越大。无数无数的人都学他的榜样。于是人人都成了一个差不多先生。——然而中国从此就成为一个懒人国了。

Mr.About-the Same

Do you know who is the most well-known person in China?

The name of this person is a household word all over the country.His name is Cha and his given name, Buduo, which altogether mean “About the

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Same”.He is a native of every province, every country and every village in this country.You must have seen or heard about this person.His name is always on the lips of everybody because he is representative of the whole Chinese nation.Mr.Cha Buduo has the same physiognomy as you and I.He has a pair of eyes, but doesn’t see clearly.He has a pair of ears, but doesn’t hear well.He has a nose and a mouth, but lacks a keen sense of smell and taste.His brain is none too small, but he is weak in memory and sloppy in thinking.He often says: “whatever we do, it’s OK to be just about right.What’s the use of being precise and accurate:”

One day, when he was a child, his mother sent him out to buy her some brown sugar, but he returned with some white sugar instead.As his mother scolded him about it, he shook his head and said, “Brown sugar or white sugar, aren’t they about the same?”

One day in school, the teacher asked him, “Which province borders Hebei on the west?” He answered, “Shaanxi,” The teacher corrected him, “You are wrong.It’s Shanxi, Not Shaanxi.” He retorted, “Shaanxi or Shanxi, aren’t they about the same?”

Later Mr.Cha Buduo served as an assistant at a money shop.He could write and calculate all right, but his mathematics were/was often faulty.He would mistake the Chinese character十(meaning 10)for 千(meaning 1000)or vice versa.The shop owner was infuriated and often took him to task.But he would only explain apologetically with a grin, “The character千differs from 十in merely having one additional short stroke.Aren’t they about the same?”

One day, he wanted to go to Shanghai by train on urgent business.But he arrived at the railway station unhurriedly only to find the train already gone, because he was two minutes late.He stood staring helplessly at the smoke belching from the diminishing train, and shook his head, “Well, all I can do is leave tomorrow.After all, today and tomorrow are about the same.But isn’t the railway taking it too seriously? What’s the difference between departing at 8:30 and 8:32?” He walked home slowly while talking to himself and kept puzzling over why the train hadn’t waited for him for two minutes more.One day he suddenly fell ill and immediately told one of his family to fetch Dr.Wang of East Street.The latter went in hurry, but couldn’t find the physician on East Street.So he fetched instead Veterinarian Wang of West Street.Mr.Cha Buduo, lying on his sickbed, knew that a wrong person had been brought home.But, what with pain and worry, he could ill afford to wait any longer.So he said to himself, “Luckily, Vet Wang is about the same as Dr.Wang.Why not let Vet Wang have a try?” there-upon, the veterinarian walked up to his bed to work on him as if he were a cow.

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Consequently, Mr.Cha Buduo kicked the bucket before an hour was out.When Mr.Cha Buduo was about to breathe his last, he uttered intermittently in one breath, “Live or die, it’s about„about„the same„Whatever we do„it’s OK„to be „just„just about right...Why„why„take it„so seriously?” as soon as he finished this pet phrase of his, he stopped breathing.After Mr.Cha Buduo death, people all praised him for his way of seeing things and his philosophical approach to life.They say that he refused to take things seriously all his life and that he was never calculating or particular about personal gains or losses.So they called him a virtuous man and honored him with the posthumous reverent title Master of Easy-Going.His name has spread far and wide and become more and more celebrated with the passing of time.Innumerable people have come to follow his example, so that everybody has become a Mr.Cha Buduo.But lo, China will hence be a nation of lazybones!

注释：

胡适(1891-1962)的《差不多先生传》是一篇针砭社会陋习的讽刺小品，1924年6月28日发表在《申报·平民周刊》的创刊号上，曾不胫而走，传诵一时。此文至今读来，犹感有极深刻的现实意义。

(1)“他姓差，名不多”如仅仅译为His name is Cha and his given name, Buduo，外国读者只知其音，不知其意，故在后面加补充说明which altogether mean “About the Same”。

(2)“他的思想也不很细密”译为He is„sloppy in thinking, 其中sloppy作“无条理”、“凌乱”解。

(3)“直隶”为旧省名，即今之“河北”，故译为Hebei。

(4)“钱铺”又称“钱庄”，大多仅从事兑换业务，后为银行所代替。“钱铺”可译为private bank或banking house，但均不如money(exchange)shop确切。

(5)“格言”在这里意同“口头语”，现参照上下文译为pet phrase。

(6)“想得通”意即“达观”或“随遇而安”，故译为philosophical approach to life。

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第二篇：2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选(31)

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2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选（31）

枣 核

萧乾

动身访美之前，一位旧时同窗写来航空信，再三托付我为他带几棵生枣核(1)。东西倒不占分量，可是用途却很蹊跷。

从费城出发前，我们就通了电话。一下车，他已经在站上等了。掐指一算，分手快半个世纪了，现在都已是风烛残年。

拥抱之后，他就殷切地问我：“带来了吗?”我赶快从手提包里掏出那几棵枣核(2)。他托在掌心(3)，像比珍珠玛瑙还贵重。

他当年那股调皮劲显然还没改。我问起枣核的用途，他一面往衣兜里揣，一面故弄玄虚地说(4)：“等会儿你就明白了。”

那真是座美丽的山城，汽车开去，一路坡上坡下满是一片嫣红。倘若在中国，这里一定会有枫城之称。过了几个山坳，他朝枫树丛中一座三层小楼指了指说：“喏，到了。”汽车拐进草坪，离车库还有三四米，车库就像认识主人似的自动掀起。

朋友有点不好意思地解释说，买这座大房子时，孩子们还上着学，如今都成家立业了。学生生物生物化学的老伴儿在一家研究所里做营养试验。

他把我安顿在二楼临湖的一个房间后，就领我去踏访他的后花园(5)。地方不大，布置得却精致匀称(6)。我们在靠篱笆的一张白色长凳上坐下，他劈头就问我：“觉不觉得这花园有点家乡味道?”经他指点，我留意到台阶两旁是他手栽的两株垂杨柳，草坪中央有个睡莲池。他感慨良深地对我说：“栽垂柳的时候，我那个小子才五岁，如今在一条核潜艇上当总机械长了。姑娘在哈佛教书。家庭和事业都如意，各种新式设备也都有了。可是我心上总像是缺点什么。也许是没出息(7)，怎么年纪越大，思乡越切。我现在可充分体会出游子的心境了。我想厂甸，想隆福寺。这里一过圣诞，我就想旧历年。近来，我老是想总布胡同院里那棵枣树。所以才托你带几棵种籽，试种一下。”

接着，他又指着花园一角堆起的一座假山假山石说(8)：“你相信吗(9)?那是我开车到几十里以外，一块块亲手挑选，论公斤买下(10)，然后用汽车拉回来的。那是我们家的‘北海’。”

说到这里，我们两人都不约而同地站了起来。沿着草坪旁用卵石铺成的小径，走到“北海”跟前(11)。真是个细心人呢，他在上面还嵌了一所泥制的小凉亭，一座红庙，顶上还有尊白塔。朋友解释说，都从旧金山唐人街买来的。

他告诉我，时常在月夜，他同老伴儿并肩坐在这长凳上，追忆起当年在北海泛舟的日子。睡莲的清香迎风扑来，眼前仿佛就闪出一片荷塘佳色。

改了国籍，不等于就改了民族感情，而且没有一个民族像我们这么依恋故土的。

Date Stones

Xiao Qian

Before I set out for the US, a former schoolmate of mine wrote me by airmail, asking me in all earnest to bring him some raw date stones.They

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were not heavy in weight, yet I was curious about their use.At Philadelphia, shortly before staring out for my friend’s place, I called him up.So when I got off the train at the destination, I found him already waiting for me at the station.It was about half a century since we last met, and we were now both in our declining years.After hugging each other, he asked me eagerly, “have you brought them with you?” I immediately fished out the date stones from my handbag.He fondled them in his palm as if they were something more valuable than pearls or agates.Obviously he was just as childlike as before, when I asked about the use of the date stones, he put them into his pocket and replied by way of fooling me deliberately, “You’ll understand soon.”

It was really a beautiful mountain city.As we drove on, an expanse of rich crimson up and down the slope came into sight.In China a place like this would have been described as a maple city.After passing through several cols, my friend said pointing to a three-storied house amidst the maple trees, “here we are.” The car turned into a lawn and when it was three or four meters away form the garage, its door automatically opened as if it recognized its own master.My friend looked somewhat ill at ease when he told me this: At the time he bought this big house, his children had all been at school.Now they had their own homes and jobs.His wife, a biochemist, was a dietician at a research institute.After assigning me a room on the second floor facing a lake, he showed me around his back garden, which, though not too big, was exquisite and nicely arranged.The moment we sat down on a white bench close to a hedge, he asked me, “Don’t you find something here smacking of our native place in China?” at this, I noticed a weeping willow, planted by himself, on either side of a flight of steps as well as a water-lily pond in the middle of the garden.He said with deep feeling, “When I planted the willows, my son was only five.Now he serves as head of chief mechanics in a nuclear submarine.My daughter teaches at Harvard University.I’m happy with my family and my career.I own all modern household facilities I need.But I still feel something lacking.Maybe I’m a bit too foolish.How come the older I become, the more I think of my homeland.Now I fully understand the frame of mind of one residing in a place far away from home.I always think of Changdian and Longfusi.Every time Christmas is celebrated here in America, I think of lunar New year back in China.I can never forget the date tree in the courtyard of the house on Zongbu Hutong.That’s why I’ve asked you to bring me some date stones.I’ll try to plant them here.Then he said pointing to a jumble of rockery standing in a corner of the garden, “Believe it or not, the rocks, hand-picked by me, were bought by the kilogram.I drove dozens of kilometers away to haul them back in

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my car.Look, that’s Beihai in our home.”

Thereupon, we rose to our feet simultaneously and walked along a cobbled footpath beside the lawn towards the miniature Beihai.What a careful man my friend was!He had had the artificial hill inlaid with a clay pavilion and a red temple, with a white pagoda on top.He said he had bought the decorative objects from China Town in San Francisco.He also told me that on a moonlit night he and his wife would sit side by side on the bench recalling how they had used to go boating on the Beihai Lake.Meanwhile, as I smelled the faint scent of the water-lilies carried to us by the breeze, I felt as if the beautiful scene of a Chinese lotus pond were flashing past my eyes.The change of nationality doesn’t mean the change of national feeling.No other nation has such a strong attachment for the native land as we Chinese.注释

萧乾(1910-1999)，作家，文学翻译家，曾任《大公报》记者，以散文、特写著称。

(1)“再三托付我为他带几棵生枣核”中的“再三”作“恳切”解，不能按字面理解为“一次又一次”或“重复”。因此全句译为asking me in all earnest to bring him some raw date stones，其中in all earnest是成语，作“认真地”或“恳切地”解。

(2)“我赶快从手提包里掏出那几棵枣核”中的“掏出”译为fished out比took out 贴切，因前者有“搜寻”的含义。

(3)“他托在掌心”译为He fondled them in his palm，比He held them in his palm贴切，因to fondle表达了原文的内涵“爱抚”。

(4)“故弄玄虚地说”中的“故弄玄虚”作“故意把„„搞得神秘化”解，通常可译为deliberatedly to make a mystery of„„。现全句按“故意开玩笑地说”的意思译为replied by way of fooling me deliberately，其中by way of 是成语，其意思是“为了”或“意在”(with the intention of)。

(5)“领我去踏访他的后花园”译为he showed me around his back garden，其中to show around是短语动词，作“带领某人参观某地”解。

(6)“布置得却精致匀称”译为was exquisite and nicely arranged，其中nicely的意思是“恰当好处”或“恰恰合适”。

(7)“也许是没出息”不宜按字面直译，现按“也许是自己有些傻”译为Maybe I’m a bit too foolish。

(8)“堆起的一座假山石”译为a jumble of rockery，其中jumble的意思是“杂乱的一堆”。

(9)“你相信吗?”本可译为Don’t you believe it?现译为Believe it or not，为具有同样意思的常用口头语。

(10)“论公斤买下”即“按公斤计算买下”，译为bought by the kilogram。注意这里介词by和后面的定冠词the属习惯搭配。

(11)“走到‘北海’跟前”译为Walked„„towards the miniature Beihai，其中miniature(微型的)是译者添加的成分，用以表达原文中加引号的北海。

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黎明前的北京(1)

季羡林

前后加起来，我在北京已经住了四十多年，算是一个老北京了(2)。北京的名胜古迹，北京的妙处(3)，我应该说是了解的;其他老北京当然也了解。但是有一点，我相信绝大多数老北京并不了解(4)，这就是黎明时分以前的北京。

多少年来，我养成了一个习惯：每天早晨四点在黎明以前起床工作。我不出去跑步或散步，而是一下床就干活儿。因此我对黎明前的北京的了解是在屋子里感觉到的。我从前在什么报上读过一篇文章(5)，讲黎明时分天安门广场上的清洁工人。那情景必然是非常动人的，可惜我从未能见到，只是心向往之而已。

四十年前，我住在城里在明朝曾经是特务机关的东厂里面。几座深深的大院子，在最里面三个院子里只住着人一个人。朋友们都说这地方阴森可怕，晚上很少有人敢来找我，我则怡然自得(6)。每当夏夜，我起床以后，立刻就闻到院子里那些高大的马缨花树散发出来的阵阵幽香，这些香气破窗而入，我于此时神清气爽，乐不可支，连手中那一枝笨拙的笔也仿佛生了花。

几年以后，我搬到西郊来住，照例四点起床，坐在窗前工作。白天透过窗子能够看到北京展览馆那金光闪闪的高塔的尖顶，此时当然看不到了(7)。但是，我知道，即使我看不见它，它仍然在那里挺然耸入天空，仿佛想带给人以希望，以上进的劲头。我仍然是乐不可支，心也仿佛飞上了高空。

过了十年，我又搬了家。这新居既没有马缨花，也看不到金色的塔顶。但是门前却有一片清碧的荷塘。刚搬来的几年，池塘里还有荷花。夏天早晨四点已经算是黎明时分。在薄暗中透过窗子可以看到接天莲叶，而荷花的香气也幽然袭来(8)，我顾而乐之，大有超出马缨花和金色塔顶之上的意味了。

难道我欣赏黎明前的北京仅仅由于上述的原因吗?不是的。三十几年以来，我成了一个“开会迷”(9)。说老实话，积三十年之经验，我真有点怕开会了。在白天，一整天说不定什么时候就会接到开会的通知。说一句过火的话，我简直是提心吊胆，心里不得安宁。即使不开会，这种惴惴不安的心情总摆脱不掉。只有在黎明以前，根据我的经验，没有哪里会来找你开会的(10)。因此，我起床往桌子旁边一坐，仿佛有什么近似条件反射的东西立刻就起了作用，我心里安安静静，一下子进入角色，拿起笔来，“文思”(11)(如果也算是文思的话)如泉水喷涌，记忆力也像刚磨过的刀子，锐不可当。当时，我真乐不可支，如果给我机会的话，我简直想手舞足蹈了。

因此，我爱北京，特别爱黎明前的北京。

Predawn Beijing

Ji Xianlin

I’ve been in Beijing altogether for over 40 years.So I can well call myself a long-timer of Beijing.Like all other long-timers of the city, I’m supposed to be very familiar with its scenic spots and historical sites, nay, its superb attractions.But I believe there is one thing lying unknown to most of the long-time residents –the predawn hours of Beijing.For many years, I have been in the habit of getting up before daybreak to start work at four.Instead of going out for a jog or walk, I’ll set about my work as soon as I’m out of bed.As a result, it is from inside my study that I’ve got the feel of predawn Beijing.Years ago, I hit upon

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a newspaper article about street cleaner in Tian’anmen Square at daybreak.It must have been a very moving scene, but what a pity I haven’t seen it with my own eyes.I can only picture it in my mind longingly.Forty years ago, I lived downtown in Dongchang, a compound which had housed the secret service of the Ming dynasty.There were inside it several deep spacious courtyard one leading into another.I was the sole dweller of the three innermost courtyards.My friends, calling this place too ghastly, seldom dared to come to see me in the evening whereas I myself found it quite agreeable.In summer, the moment I got out of bed before daybreak, I would smell the delicate fragrance of the giant silk trees coming from outside my window.Thereupon, I would feel refreshed and joyful, and the clumsy pen in my hand would seem to have become as agile as it could.Several years later when I moved to the western suburbs, I kept my habit of rising at four to begin work at the window.The glittering spire atop the tower of the daytime through my window, would no longer be visible now in the early morning haze.Nevertheless I knew that, tough invisible, it remained there intact, towering to the skies to inspire people with hope and the urge for moving ahead.At this, I would be beside myself with joy and feel as if my heart were also flying high up into the skies.Ten years after, I moved again.In the new home of mine, I had no silk trees, nor could I get sight of the glittering spire from afar.There was, however, a lotus pond of limpid blue in front of my door.In the first few years after I moved there, lotus flowers continued to blossom on the surface of the pond.In the summertime, when day broke early at four, a vast stretch of lotus leaves looking skywards outside my window came dimly into sight while the quiet fragrance of the lotus flowers assailed my nose.All that delighted me even more than the silk trees and the glittering spire.Is it exclusively due to the above-mentioned that I’ve developed a liking for predawn Beijing? No.for 30 years, I’ve been bogged down in the mire of meetings.To tell you the truth, with the experience accumulated over the 30 years, I’m now scared of meetings.In the daytime, there is no telling when I may be served a notice for attending a meeting.To exaggerate it a bit, that keeps me in constant suspense and makes me fidgety.Even when no meeting is to take place, I feel restless all the same.However, my experience tells that it is only during the predawn hours that I can be truly havened from any involvement in meetings.As soon as I sit at my desk before dawn, something similar to the conditioned reflex will begin to function within me: Instantly I’ll pick up my pen to play my proper part with perfect peace of mind.Then inspiration comes gushing to my mind and my memory becomes as quick as a newly-sharpened knife.I’ll feel overjoyed, almost to the point of waving my arms and stamping my

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考研集训营,为考生服务，为学员引路！

feet.In short, I love Beijing, especially predawn Beijing.注释

季羡林(1911-)，教育家、梵文翻译家，散文家。本文是季羡林于1985年2月11日写的一篇小品文。

(1)“黎明前的北京”除译为predawn Beijing外，也可译为Beijing Before Dawn或Beijing Before Daybreak。

(2)“算是一个老北京了”除译为I can well call myself a long-timer of Beijing外，也可译为I‘m eligible for being called a long-timer of Beijing。又long-timer也可用old-timer代替。

(3)“北京的妙处”是上句“北京的名胜古迹“的补充，故译为nay, its superb attractions，其中nay是副词，作“不仅如此”解，是译文中添加的成分。

(4)“有一点„„老北京并不了解”译为there is one thing lying unknown to„ long-time residents，其中lying和remaining同义。

(5)“在什么报上读过一篇文章”译为I hit upon a newspaper article，其中to hit upon是成语，作“偶然发现”解，和to come across、to find by chance等同义。

(6)“我则怡然自得”意即“我却觉得很惬意”，故译为whereas I myself find it quite agreeable。

(7)“此时当然看不到了”译为would no longer be visible now in the morning haze，(8)“香气幽然袭来”意即“香气悄悄地扑鼻而来”，故译为the quiet fragrance„assailed my nose(或nostrils)。

(9)“开会迷”在文中并不指“对开会着迷”或“特别爱好开会”。它的真正意思却是“陷入繁多的的会议之中”或者“疲于应付各种会议”，因此可译为I’ve been bogged down in the more of meetings或I’ve been bogged down in meetings。

(10)“只有在黎明以前„„没有哪里会找你开会的”译为it is only during the predawn hours that I can be havened from any involvement in meetings，灵活处理，其中havened是由名词haven(避难所)转化为动词的。因此be havened from的意思是“免受„„之忧”。

(11)“‘文思’如泉水喷涌”中的“文思”实际上指“灵感”，现将全句译为Then inspiration comes gushing to my mind。

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第三篇：英译中国散文选朱自清 匆匆

《英译中国散文选》每日更新一段

先来一篇大家耳熟能详朱自清先生的《匆匆》

Transient Day

Part 1

If swallows go away, they will come back again.If willows wither, they will turn green again.If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again.But, tell me, you the wise, why should our days go by never to return? Perhaps they have been stolen by someone.But who could it be andwhere could he hide them? Perhaps they have just run away by themselves.But where

could they be at the present moment?

第二段

Transient Day

Part 2

I don`t know how many days I am entitled to altogether , but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away.Counting up silently, I find that more than 8,000 days have already slipped away through my fingers.Like a drop of water falling off a needle point into the ocean, my days are quietly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace.At the thought of this, sweat oozes from my forehead and tears trickle down my cheeks.今天比较长。楼主就自行分成三断吧。周一，愿大家都有个好的开始

Transient Days

Part3

what is gone is gone, what is to come keeps coming.How swift is the transition in between!When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun casts two or three squarish patches of light into my small room.The sun has feet too,eging away softly and stealthily.And,without knowing it, I am already caught in its revolution.9

Thus, the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands;wanishes in the rich bowl when I have my meal;passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of m

y eyes when I am lost

in reverie.Aware of its fleeting presence, I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my outstretched hands.

In the evening, when I lie on my bed, it nimbly strides over my body and flits past my feet.Bythe time when open my eyes to meet the sun again, another day is already gone.I have a sigh, my head buried in my hands.But, in the midst of my sighs, a new day is flashing past.What is gone, what is to come keeps coming.How swift is the transition in between!When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun casts two or three squarish patches of light into my small room.The sun has feet, too, edging away softly and stealthily.And, without knowing it,I am already caught in its revolution.Thus, the day flows away through the sink when I washmy hands;vanishes in the rice bowl when I have my meal;passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie.

Aware of its fleeting presence, I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my outstretched hands.In the evening, when I lie on my bed, it nimbly strides over my bodyand flits past my feet.By the time when I open my eyes to meet the sun again, another day is already gone.I heave a sigh, my head buried in my hands, But, in the midst of my sighs, a new day is flashing past.9

Living in this world with its fleeting days and teeming millions, what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life? What have I been doing during the 8,000 fleeting days except wavering and wandering? The bygone days, like wisps of smoke, have been dispered by gentle winds, and, like thin mists, have been envaporated by the rising sun.What traces have I left behind? No,nothing,not even gossamer-like traces.9

I have come to this world stark naked as ever.However, I am taking it very much to heart: Why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing at all

O you the wise, would you tell me please: why should our days go by never to return?

《匆匆》终于完结了。咱们每天接触一点英语，好好进步吧！

第四篇：中国散文翻译的新收获——喜读张培基教授《英译中国现代散文选》

论文关键词:潜层语义 表层语义 增益 删略

论文摘要:《英译中国现代散文选》是一本不是教材的好教材,它为中 国学 者深入研究 翻译 理论与技巧提供了丰富多彩的典型实例;张培基教授半个世纪译苑耕耘的经验及其科学的一丝不苟的译风不可多得;同时该书也为外国人研究1919年“五四”运动以来中国人鲜活的思想铺了一条近路。编辑。

近百年来把西方一些知识分子的思想或理论译介给国人者不乏其人,中国人中自己主动把一九一九年“五四“运动以来存在于散文中那些鲜活的思想译介给外国人的学者却并不多见。张培基教授《英译中国现代散文选》弥补了这个缺憾。二十世纪末能在炒得沸沸扬扬的书市上偶拾到这样一本选材精当、译功踏实的新书《英译中国现代散文选》,幸甚!《英译中国现代散文选》的译者很看重所选散文中的“真情”——那种迫于必要而非出于志愿的应景文章一概不译;译者对曾有过争议的名人作品也不看其名气大小,而着眼于其散文是否仍有现实意义;如果能给后人留下一点值得思考的东西,那么就将其译出。例如所译胡适的《差不多先生传》在揭示我们 民族 劣根性方面很有特色,至今读来尤有极深刻的现实意义。《英译中国现代散文选》篇幅有限,但它几乎囊括了1919年“五四”运动以来中国一大批杰出作家寓意深邃的有一定代表性的散文作品。这些作家或名人包括李大钊、方志敏、鲁迅、郭沫若、胡适、叶圣陶、朱自清、郁达夫、柔石、萧红、老舍、郑振铎、萧乾、冰心等等;也有至今仍在笔耕的 文学 巨匠如巴金、季羡林等等。《英译中国现代散文选》可成为让当代的西方人了解中国,了解中国人的思想脉搏的一面三棱镜或一本好教材。目前西方一些国家首脑人物都很重视其“智囊团”对 孔子、老子、孙子等我国古代思想家或军事家的研究,这方面的译作也较多,但对上述我国知识层面的代表人物知之甚少。因此,《英译中国现代散文选》的推出对国人的翻译 指导 思想或翻译观念的更新也会起到先导作用。让世人了解中国,了解中国人民真实的思想感情,有条件的有识之士应多做些这方面的译介工作。张培基教授《英译中国现代散文选》问世的意义不可低估。

如果只读《英译中国现代散文选》(汉英对照)中的英文,你不会觉得这是译文,不会觉得其英文是出自一位中国人的手。译者不仅在句子层面上力求做到 语言 自然流畅、准确细致、雅俗得当而且又特别着意语篇神韵的再创造,力求既完美地保持原文的信息、原文的功能又译出原文的风格或味道来。

这里不妨先看一看收在《英译中国现代散文选》中郭沫若五篇散文译文,即《路畔的蔷薇》《夕暮》《白发》《水墨画》《墓》。拜读之后笔者觉得张先生在处理“增益”与“删略”关系、“表层语义”与“潜层语义”关系、以及声色词语对应与非对应性关系等诸多方面出手不凡,均有独到之处。

“许久储蓄在心里的诗料,今晨在理发店里又浮上了心来了。——”这是郭沫若《白发》一文的首句,开门见山地点出了作者 写作 动机,其中关键词为“诗料”。因为通篇讲的是作者对一位“年青的,年青的远隔河山的姑娘”为其理发时“拔去了一根白发”后的感情经历,为此将其译为poetic emotion显得很得体,如译成“poetic material”便有伤大雅;全句的译文my long pent_up poetic emotion emerged again this morning at a hairdresser’s也很简练,把“储蓄在心里的”较长的定语浓淡缩成意为“心扉封闭”或“被压抑”的pent_up也很 经济 实惠又形象逼真。把“远隔河山的”有意淡化为of the distant land也很不俗,不然“mountains”“rivers”通通直译出来必然使句子变得很臃肿,甚至言不及义。“你的慧心替我把青春留住了”句中的“慧心”颇不好译。中国人常有“慧眼”“慧心”之说,“慧心”原是佛教用语,指能领悟真理之心,英文中没有十分贴切的对应词,译者将其“模糊”处理译为feeling heart,颇有见地。

小处见大,翻译的真功夫往往在一些小地方流露出来。收在《英译中国现代散文选》中夏尊一篇散文标题是《我之于书》,一般译者多半会译为i and books。但booksand i的译法却符合英文习惯,而且读起来也上口。该文中“我的房子里比较贵重的东西就是书。”一句的译法也很有特色——用“under my roof”来译“我的房子里”而不用“inmy house”这不能不说是对原文的再创造,恰到好处。

第五篇：中国现代文学史复习资料

40年代的新诗：

艾青 《太阳之歌》 “太阳是美的，且是永生的”

《雪落在中国的土地上》 “雪落在中国的土地上，寒冷封锁着中国呀.......”

《手推车》、《我爱这土地》

艾青诗歌艺术特色：（1）现实主义艺术精神

（2）善于运用生动准确的意向，寄情言志（3）具有别具一格的散文美

《大堰河——我的保姆》的艺术特色：

（1）通过典型意象的描写，塑造了大堰河的形象

（2）成功通过排比、对比等多种手法，借以抒发感情，起到了情深意愿的艺术效果

（3）浓厚的生活气息、乡土气息

（4）语言朴素清新，满含激情，句式自由，不拘一格，具有散文美 《手推车》的艺术特色：

（1）真挚浓烈的情感：表达对民族悲惨命运的同情，对人民坚毅品格的赞赏，对造成民族和人民苦难的一切因素的抗议（2）语言朴实（3）结构重复：

（4）运用动静结合、色彩与声音相结合的电影化的表达效果

九叶诗派 ：是40年代中后期形成的一个追求现实主义与现代主义相结合的以《诗创造》、《中国新诗》为主要阵地的诗歌流派，代表人物是辛笛、陈敬容、杜运燮、曹辛之、郑敏、唐祈、唐湜、袁可嘉、穆旦九人，1981年江苏人民出版社出版了40年代九人诗选《九叶集》后，才有“九叶诗派”之称。他们在文学观念上，首先主张的就是“人的文学”，“人民的文学”和“生命的文学的综合”。他们既反对逃避现实的唯艺术论，也反对扼杀艺术的唯功利论，而企图在现实和艺术之间求得恰当的平衡。九叶诗人在艺术上反对浪漫主义诗风，而致力于新诗的现代化建设和“感受力的革命”旨在使诗成为现实，象征和玄学的融汇。在内容上，九叶诗派的诗歌既具有强烈的现实感甚至政治内容，又富有超越性的形而上沉思。在艺术表现上，九叶诗派的诗歌既有丰富的感觉意象，又表现出鲜明的知性特征。代表诗作有穆旦的《活下来》、唐祈的《三弦琴》、郑敏的《金黄的稻穗》等

30年代新诗（现代派诗歌）：

戴望舒诗歌创作成就 《雨巷》 《我底记忆》

（1）以诗歌的情绪节奏来代替字句节奏，凸显了诗歌的主情功能，又大大增强的诗歌语言的表现能力。例如《我底记忆》选用了亲切自然的口吻，叙说着诗人幽怨哀郁却真实的心境，注意情绪流动的自然，所有的艺术手段都服从于娓娓诉说式的特定情调。意象物境日常生活化，诗句的排列自由化。

（2）将散文化的句式和现代日常生活融入新诗，大大增强了诗歌语言的表现力。例如江南“雨巷”的凝视，一切有灵魂没有灵魂的东西的“记忆”，深闭而荒芜的“园子”，相对而视的一盏“灯”《秋蝇》中一只寒风中垂死的“秋蝇”都开掘出了令人深思凝望的诗意。（3）将中国古典诗歌的文化意蕴（意境，意象）与西方现代主义诗歌的创作手法（隐喻，象征）相结合，推动力中国现代诗歌的发展。例如《印象》连用七个意象组合成一个虚幻飘渺的境界，来暗示某种缥缈恍惚的记忆，情思隐约，意境深邃。在“雨巷”阶段主要受魏尔伦的影响，追求诗的音乐性和形象的流动性，以及主题的朦胧性。《雨巷》的音乐美表现：

（1）大量融入运用现代汉语中的双音节词，将双声连绵词和叠音词融入其中。例如《雨巷》第一节中的“彷、徨，长、寥、巷”等都是采用“a”韵，而“悠长“等重叠词舒缓语气的作用，使诗的节奏更鲜明。

（2）首位音节的大回环。例如诗歌的第一节和最后一节内容的重复，使诗歌首尾呼应，加重了诗人的哀彷与幽怨，使诗歌传达着诗中主人公彷徨、空虚、寂寥、无助之感。

（3）押韵，不仅每节诗中讲求押韵，而且还使用间韵‘江扬’韵贯穿全篇，全诗二十四行，属于相邻江扬韵的字有64个。例如第一节中的“彷、徨，长、巷、香、娘”等字，都是采用押韵，使诗句读起来朗朗上口，从头到尾不换韵，使全诗流露出回荡的旋律和流畅的节奏，使全诗都具有一种独特的音乐美，诗自由化，不受限制。

卞之琳 《断章》

你站在桥上看风景，看风景的人在楼上看你。明月装饰了你的窗子，你装饰了别人的梦。

赏析：以两组具体物象构成的图景中主客位置的调换，隐藏了诗人关于人生、事物、社会等存在的相关关联关系的普遍性哲学的思考。在诗人看来，一切事物都不是孤立地存在，而是与其他事物相对关联而存在的，事物相对关联与运动的变化是永恒的规律。林庚 《春天的心》

40年代小说

钱钟书 《围城》主题：

（1）显性层面：从侧面表现抗战环境下一部分知识分子空虚无聊的精神状态

（2）文化反省层面：通过对这群文人的人物刻画，反省批判了中国知识分子的脸面观（3）哲理层面：揭示人生处处皆围城的寓意，并展示了现代人的生存困境 《围城》语言艺术：

（1）讽刺：随意性、广泛性（无人不讽，无事不讽）（2）比喻：新奇、幽默风趣、知识性 《围城》人物形象分析：

方鸿渐：是个让人倍感亲切的人，也是深得女性喜爱的人物。他也是个“很会说话”的人，贫嘴滑舌地能逗人开心。但他又是一个悲剧性的人物，他没有能力把握自己的人生。无论在职业上还是在爱情上，他都无力处理好，是一个失败者，是他自己性格把他自己送进了人生的围城。

张爱玲《金锁记》艺术特色：（1）意象丰富、新颖、别致

（2）介乎雅俗、新旧之间的语言风格（文言句式的使用）（3）电影技法、外国语言技法的借用（4）独特的讲故事视角 《金锁记》中人物分析：

七巧：是个悲剧人物，是一个封建礼教制度的受害者。丈夫是个“骨痨”病人，她正常的情欲因难以满足而受到压抑，是个被锁在黄金枷锁里的女人。七巧还是一个人性扭曲,患有畸形心理的,尖酸刻薄的泼妇,虐待狂.但她也不乏人性善良的一面。

长安：她也是一个悲剧角色，相较于七巧的疯狂，她的悲剧更让人同情。她的悲剧是母亲七巧一手造成的。她软弱，但她的软弱并不是绝对的软弱，她也有坚强的一面，也有过抗争，只是她的抗争在母亲面前不堪一击。对于婚姻，她是一个很纯洁的人。她希望能有一点幸福，希望能够好好找一个人。

萧红《小城三月》艺术特色：[她的小说具有散文美和诗画美。a,小说具有散文化、抒情诗化、绘画化的特点。b,女性意识 抒情特色1.塑造了一个抒情主人公2.象征隐喻手法的运用]（1）生活化的场景呈现人、物活动（2）童年视角，回忆往事（3）以民情民俗作为人事活动背景（4）设置自我抒情主人公（5）象征隐喻的使用

沙汀《在其香居茶馆里》艺术特色：

（1）借冷静、客观、写实的笔墨描写可憎可笑的人与事，从而进行辛辣的讽刺（2）场面描写充满生活气息、地方色彩（3）精湛的结构特征，明暗线交织 《在其香居茶馆里》人物形象分析：

方治国：国民党政权基层组织的当权者，凭借手中的权力贪赃枉法，敲诈民财，见钱就拿。阴险狡诈，是个“软硬人”：碰见老虎他是绵羊，如果对方是绵羊，他又变成老虎了。邢么吵吵：是回龙镇有钱有势、惯于仗势欺人的地方豪绅，实力派。他的性格特点是粗野。因为有强硬的后台，所以在这场冲突中表现得粗鲁而蛮横，但也绝非是头脑简单的草包。“三记”：《淘金记》、《困兽记》、《还乡记》

老舍《茶馆》三部：第一部《惶惑》、第二部《偷生》、第三部《饥荒》 赵树理的评书体小说：

（1）结构上，吸收评书艺术以人物带出故事、以小故事构成情节的方法。（2）叙述上，多用白描，抓住特征，简约干练。（3）具有故事相缀、结构单线、语言通俗的特点。

赵树理三大代表作：《小二黑结婚》、《李有才板话》、《李家庄的变迁》、《万象楼》 《小二黑结婚》艺术特色：

（1）扬弃传统章回体小说的程式化框架，吸取其讲究情节连贯性、完整性的优点。全文十二章，各有其小标题，它们即可独立成章，又可连接成文，人物故事交代有始有终。

（2）将小说当通俗故事来写，并吸取评书体小说写法，将情节描写与人物塑造融入故事讲述中，简约明快。

（3）语言口语化、通俗化，富有幽默感。《小二黑结婚》人物分析：

小二黑、小芹：他们是新一代农民的代表，在婚姻爱情问题上，他们完全摆脱了封建迷信思想和传统旧观念的束缚，敢于大胆公开、理直气壮的表明自己的观点和态度。他们敢爱敢恨、敢于追求自己的幸福、敢于为此作斗争。

二诸葛、三仙姑：深受封建势力压迫和封建思想荼毒、以旧观点旧思想处世、最终有所改变的老农民形象。

赵树理的创作贡献：

（1）以新的生活和新的主题开创了现代文学的新格局。反映了根据地解放区农村巨大的历史性变革，既写了新时代条件下，农村各阶层的冲突，又重点表现了民主思想与封建观念的冲突。

（2）赵树理为新文学小说人物系列中增添的翻身农民的新形象。

（3）在小说艺术通俗化、艺术化方面，为现代小说提供了艺术经验。吸取了中国古典小说与民间说唱艺术中有生命的东西，融合了五四以来新小说的长处，视情节、故事为小说的基本结构方式，作品的完整性是和情节的连贯性联在一起的。

（4）他把北方农民的口语融汇在人物对话和叙述过程之中，通俗而不庸俗，口语化而又有艺术感染力，看似浅近却耐人寻味。

（5）把现代审美与传统民间审美成分有机融合在一起，把五四文学精神与乡村文化调制在一起，以现代知识分子特有的理性意识、忧患意识写出了中国农民在现代革命中那痛苦艰难的精神变革历程。孙梨该期的的小说代表作《荷花淀》《芦花荡》《嘱咐》 抗战时期的朗诵诗人：高兰 代表作：《哭亡女苏菲》（悼念病逝的女儿）、《我们的祭礼》（纪念鲁迅逝世一周年而作）

田间 代表作 《假如不去打仗》 《给战斗者》

词：光未然（张光年）曲：冼星海 《黄河大合唱》 抗战初期朗诵诗歌的社会功用： 1.作品多以爱国主义为主题，表现抗战初期昂奋的民族情绪和时代气氛。抒情的方式大多是宣言式的战斗呐喊，同时加入了大量的议论。这适应了现实性、战斗性的时代要求，容易产生鼓动性效果，却难免空乏，失去了诗歌应有的审美效果。

2.民族的形象、民族的命运和民族的感情与意志在其中得到了强有力的表现。

郭沫若的浪漫主义历史剧观：[20年代《三个叛逆的女性》40年代六部大型历史剧《棠棣之花》《屈原》《虎符》《高渐离》《孔雀胆》《南冠草》

（1）“实事求似”观，以求似，传达出真正的历史精神，失事在历史框架内大胆假设（2）借古讽今观，在历史精神和现实精神之间找到契合点（3）诗情观，历史剧中的诗的灵魂，诗的意趣，诗的韵律 《屈原》的浪漫主义特色：

（1）以情用史，将人物理想化，例如：屈原潜到汉北以图再起，虚构史实，例如：女弟子婵娟

（2）以情写戏，情节线索与情感线索双向推进，同步发展。例如：第一幕，交代人物关系，第二幕出现冲突高潮由郑袖陷害而激起屈原愤怒情绪，接着城外交锋、南后下毒，冲突层层推进，情节推向高潮，感情也推向大爆发。这里，情节设置的目的是为了让人物诗意的展现内心世界。

（3）以情写人，屈原既是历史人物，又是作者自己，屈原是作者的感情喷火口。《屈原》的人物形象：

屈原：（1）爱国者的悲剧，屈原爱国爱民的坚定立场，合纵抗秦的正确主张和不屈不挠的斗争在主降派的陷害和楚怀王的问罪中遭到了毁灭。

（2）高尚者的悲剧，屈原忠贞高洁，光明磊落，却在邪恶势力的造谣中身败名裂

夏衍《上海屋檐下》现实主义题材 田汉《秋声赋》、《风雨同舟》（多场式戏剧结构）以报告员串起全剧，多头线索有条不紊，灵活归一 40年代国统区戏剧发展特点：（1）风格上，由冷变热（2）形式上，由独幕到多幕

（3）取材上，由以现实题材为主到以历史题材为主

延安文艺座谈会讲话： 毛泽东分别于1942年5月2日、5月23日在延安文艺座谈会上作了重要讲话。《讲话》的中心是解决文艺为群众及如何为群众的问题，目的是求得文艺对革命的有力配合.a,要求文艺工作者站在无产阶级立场上，使文艺为人民大众，首先为工农兵服务。《讲话》从解放区的实际出发，要求文艺工作者在学习马克思主义的同时，必须深入工农兵群众，深入实际斗争。

b.指明“在普及基础上提高”和“在提高基础上普及”的辩证关系 c.对解放区文学和新中国文学产生了巨大影响，在文艺与政治的关系的论证中，强调文艺从属于政治，并提出政治标准第一，文艺标准第二

影响：1.确立了新中国建国后几十年间的文艺走向。2.对文艺自身的特点和规律没有给予充分重视，对文艺自身的发展起到了一定程度上的阻碍作用。