六年级语法试题

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第一篇:六年级语法试题

六年级语法试题

11.Michael ______ be a policeman, for he’s much too short.A.needn’t

B.can’t

C.should

D.may

2.______ I know your name?

A.May

B.Will

C.Shall

D.Must

3.You ______ be more careful next time.A.have to

B.may

C.must

D.might

4.You ______ miss the lesson, though we ______ have it on Thursday.A.mustn’t;needn’t

B.needn’t;mustn’t

C.mustn’t;mustn’t

D.needn’t;needn’t

5.This pen looks like mine, yet it isn’t.whose ______ it be?

A.must

B.may

C.would

D.can

6.What kinds of homes will we live in the future? Nobody ______ be sure, butscientists are working out new ideas now.A.will

B.may

C.can

D.must

7.I ______ like to know where you were born.A.shall

B.should

C.do

D.may

8.______ you be happy!

A.Might

B.Must

C.Wish

D.May

9.A teacher ______ do every exercise, but a student must.A.may not

B.needn’t

C.can’t

D.mustn’t

10.The matter ______ be changed into a gas, but it _______ be heated to its boilingpoint.A.may;needn’t

B.may;can

C.mustn’t;needn’t

D.can;must

11.Teachers and students ______ look coldly at you for a day or two, but there arefriendly feelings in their hearts.A.must

B.can

C.may

D.should

12.Cars and buses ______ stop when the traffic lights turn red.A.can

B.need

C.may

D.must

13.–Do you think his story ______ true?--I don’ think so.But it sounds good.A.must be

B.may be

C.can be

D.has to be

14.Look out!The knife is very sharp.You ______ cut your finger.A.need

B.must

C.should

D.may

15.–How long ______ the book be kept?

--For two weeks, but you ______ return it on time.A.can;may

B.may;need

C.can;must

D.must;need

16.– May I have an apple, Mum?

--Certainly.But you ______ wash your hands first?

A.may

B.must

C.can

D.need

17.–There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building there.--Really? It ______ be a fire, most probably.A.can

B.ought to

C.may

D.must

18.–Shall I tell John about the bad news?

--No, you ______.I think that will make him sad.A.needn’t

B.wouldn’t

C.shouldn’t

D.mustn’t

19.–Could I call you by your first name?--Yes, you ______.A.will

B.could

C.may

D.might

20.–Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?--_______.A.No, I can’t

B.Yes, I will

C.Yes, thank you

D.No, we’d better not

六年级语法试题

2一、单项填空。将正确的序号填写在前面的括号里。

()1.Last Sunday, I ______ a big surprise.A.have B.has C.had

()2.The tree is thirty metres _______.A.old B.tall C.long

()3.You don’t send _______ letters, So I haven’t got any stamps.A.I B.my C.me

()4.A: When is Thanksgiving? B: It’s in __________.A.October

B.November

C.December

()5._______ to music is my hobby.A.Listening

B.Listen

C.Singing

()6.I’m going to _____ an email ______ my mum.A.send, for

B.sent, to

C.send, to

()7.A: Will you go shopping ____ go swimming?

B: I’ll go swimming.A.and B.so C.or

()8.I want an _____ friend.A.American

B.Chinese

C.Canadian

()9.Hello, I’m Tingting.I’m from China.I’m ______ Chinese.A.a B.an C./

()10.Sh!Tom is ________ in the room.A.sleep B.sleeps C.sleeping

()11.We should _______ homework every day.A.do B.did C.does

()12.I don’t like playing the flute.I _______ play it.A.often B.always C.never

()13.A: Let me help you.B: ________.A.Thank you

B.No, you don’t

C.Sure.()14.Do you want _______ to the Changjiang River?

A.go B.to go C.going

()15.One of my ________ is very tall.A.friend B.friends C.a friend

二、根据汉语提示,结合语境,补全单词。

1.There are lots of ______ ______(办公大楼)and shops.2.The Dragon Boats Festival is _______(将近)here.3.Laura, this is Peter.________(高兴的)to meet you.4.My mother _____(给)a birthday present to me yesterday.5.China is one of the 193 ______ ______(成员国)in the UN.6.I didn’t bring any food.I _____(忘记)。

7.You can answer the question with different _____(方法)。

8.I sometimes clean the _______(黑板)for my teachers.三、句子理解。

A.根据问句,找出对应的答句。

()1.How long is the Great Wall? A.Yes, I have.()2.Have you got a computer? B.I want to visit the Great Wall.()3.Where do you come from? C.I’m from China.()4.Do snakes love music? D.It’s about 40 thousand li long.()5.Where do you want to visit? E.No, they don’t.四、情景交际,补全对话。

A.They speak Chinese and English.B.So interesting.C.Is there a Chinatown near here?

D.What is the Chinatown like?

E.Is the food different from Chinese food?

A: _____________

B: Yes.This Chinatown is very big.A: ______________

B: There are lots of Chinese shops and restaurants.A: Do people speak Chinese in Chinatown?

B: Not just Chinese.___________

A: _____________

B: Yes, they’re different.A: _____________

第二篇:2005-2009英语专业四级语法试题

2005--2009英语专业四级语法试题

一、虚拟语气

If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ____ able to advise you much better than I can.(2005-51)

B.will have beenC.wasD.were

If only I _____ play the guitar as well as you!(2006-52)

A.wouldB.couldC.shouldD.might

It’s high time we _____ cutting down the rainforests.(2006-54)

B.had to stopC.should stopD.stop

It is imperative that the government _____ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(2006-59)

A.attractsB.shall attractD.has attract

If only the patient _____ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.(2007-54)

A.had receivedB.receivedC.should receiveD.were receiving

It is absolutely essential that William ______ his study in spite of learning difficulties.(2007-65)

A.will continueB.continuedD.continues

Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now.(2008-52)

A.would be gettingC.must getD.would get

If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.(2009-52)

A.could have beenC.will beD.would have been

二、状语从句

_____, Mr.Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.(2005-52)

A.Although he is a socialistB.Even if he is a socialist

C.Being a socialistD.Since he is a socialist

He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ______ that he paid me back the following week.(2005-64)

A.on occasionB.on purposeD.only if

_____ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.(2006-51)

A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsMen differ from animals ____ they can think and speak.(2008-54)

A.for whichB.for thatC.in thatD.in which

____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his

assignment.(2008-55)

A.Much thoughC.As muchD.Though much

I enjoyed myself so much ____ I visited my friends in Paris last year.(2008-56)

A.whenB.whichD.where

_____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.(2009-54)B.WheneverC.WhicheverD.However

三、不定式

His remarks were _____ annoy everybody at the meeting.(2005-53)

A.so as toC.such toD.as much as to

Linda was _____ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.(2007-55)

A.to startC.to be startingD.to have been starting

四、时态

James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ____ until yesterday.(2005-54)

A.will comeC.had been comingD.came

_____ conscious of my moral obligation as a citizen.(2005-55)

A.I was and always will beB.I have to be and always will be

C.I had been and always will beThe committee has anticipated the problems that ______ in the road construction project.(2007-58)

A.ariseB.will ariseC.aroseThe student said there were a few points in the essay he ______ impossible to

comprehend.(2007-59)B.will ariseC.aroseD.have arisen

In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language.(2008-63)

A.would makeB.had madeC.madeD.makes

五、助动词

I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ____ the journey in exactly two days.(2005-57)

A.must makeB.must have madeD.could make

Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone _____ an opportunity to hear the speech.(2006-56)

A.ought to haveB.must haveD.should have

I am surprised _____ this city is a dull place to live in.(2006-57)

B.by what you are thinking

C.that you would thinkD.with what you were thinking

“ You _____ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend.(2007-53)

B.shouldC.mustD.can

She ______ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.(2007-56)

A.must beB.had beenC.could beHe would have finished his college education, but he ______ to quit and find a job to support his

family.(2007-60)

A.had hadB.hasD.would have

Which of the following sentences expresses “probability”?(2008-65)

A.You must leave immediately.B.You must be feeling rather tired.C.You must be here by eight o'clock.D.You must complete the reading assignment on time.She _____ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference.(2009-53)

A.had beenB.must beC.has been

六、名词

Do you know Tim’s brother? He is _____ than Tim.(2005-59)

A.much more sportsmanC.more of sportsmanD.more a sportsman

It was ______ we had hoped.(2006-64)

A.more a success thanB.a success more than

C.as much of a success asD.a success as much as

七、代词

I know he failed his last test, but really he’s _____ stupid.(05-58)

A.something butB.anything butC.nothing butD.not but

Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled, will publish ____ proposals in the near future.(2008-51)

A.theirB.ourC.hisD.its

八、短语动词

The meeting was put off because we _____ a meeting without John.(2005-62)

A.objected havingB.were objected to having

C.objected to have

九、倒装

____ you ____ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.(2005-63)

A.If, hadB.Have, hadD.In case, had

十、there be存在句

What’s the chance of ____ a general election this year?(2005-61)

B.there to beC.there beD.there going to be

It is not uncommon for there ______ problems of communication between the old and the young.(07-63)

A.beingB.would beC.be

十一、定语从句

The party, _____ I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable.(2006-53)

A.by whichB.for whichC.to whichThere are as good fish in the sea _____ ever came out of it.(2007-51)

I was very interested in _____ she told me.(2009-56)B.all whichC.all whatD.that

A.thanB.likeD.so

十二、副词

Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not _____ for her work.(2006-58)

A.enough goodC.as good enoughD.good as enough

My daughter has walked eight miles today.We never guessed that she could walk ____ far.(2006-61)

A./B.suchD.as

十三、限定词

Land belongs to the city;there is _____ thing as private ownership of land.(2006-60)

A.no such aB.not suchC.not such aD.no such

Which of the following is INCORRECT?(2008-57)

A.All his lectures were boring.C.Her few friends are all fond of dancing.B.Half his money was gone.D.He invited many his friends to the party.十四、主谓一致

The statistics _____ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.(2006-62)

A.provesB.is provingC.are provingAll the President’s Men_____ one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.(2007-52)书名

A.remainC.remainedD.is remaining

十五、ing分词

There are only ten apples left in the baskets, _____ the spoilt ones.(2006-63)

A.not countingB.not to countC.don’t countD.having not counted What a nice day!How about the three of us _____ a walk in the park nearby?(2009-51)

A.to takeB.takeC.takingD.to be taking

十六、反意疑问句

There used to be a petrol station near the park, _____?(2006-65)

A.didn’t itB.doesn’t itC.usedn’t it.didn’t there

When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on my desk, _____?(2008-58)

A.do youB.don't youC.will youD.won't you

十七、比较结构

It is not ______ much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to

understand.(2007-57)

A.thatB.soC.soD.very

Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race.Yet it is probably ______ a threat to the

human race than environmental destruction.(2007-62)

A.no moreC.even moreD.much more

The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St.Peter's in

Rome.(2008-64)B.that ofC.which isD.of

A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one.(2009-55)

A.the price of three timesB.three times the price

C.as much as the three times priceD.three times more than the price

十八、被动语态

The research requires more money than ______.(2007-61)

A.have been put inC.being put inD.to be put in

十九、ed分词

______ at in his way, the situation doesn’t seem so desperate.(2007-64)

A.LookingB.LookedC.Being lookedD.To look

二十、名词从句

Nine is to three _____ three is to one.(2008-53)

A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what

Quality is ____ counts most.(2008-62)

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where

2009英语专业四级语法试题

57.We consider ______ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand.(2009-57)

A.strange whyB.it strange whatC.it strange thatD.that strange

58.It is going to be fine tomorrow._______.(2009-58)B.So it is.C.So it does.D.So does it.59.Little _____ about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.(2009-59)

A.she caredB.she may careC.may she care60.The couple had no sooner got to the station _____ the coach left.(2009-60)

A.whenB.asC.untilD.than

61.Aren't you tired? I ____ you had done enough for today.(2009-61)A.should have thoughtB.must have thought

C.might have thoughtD.could have thought

62.“It seems that she was there at the conference.” The sentence means that(2009-62)

A.she seems to be there at the conference.B.she seemed to be there at the conference.D.she seemed to being there at the conference.

第三篇:一到六年级语法总结及练习题

一到六年级语法总结及练习题

小学英语语法总结及练习

一、名词复数规则

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives,leaf——leaves 5.不规则名词复数:

man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, child-children,foot-feet, tooth-teeth fish-fish, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写出下列各词的复数

I _________

him _________

this ___________ her ______ watch _______ child _______

photo ________

diary ______ day________

foot________

book_______

dress ________ tooth_______

sheep ______

box_______

strawberry _____ peach______

sandwich ______ dish_______

bus_______ man______

woman_______ 二、一般现在时

一般现在时基本用法介绍: 【No.1】一般现在时的功能

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成:

1.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”。

如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。【No.2】一般现在时的变化 1.be动词的变化。

否定句:主语+be not+其它。

如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。

如:-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./ No, I'm not.非凡疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。

否定句:主语+don't(doesn't)+ 动词原形(其它)。如:I don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:He doesn't often play.一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如:Yes, I do./ No, I don't.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。

如:Yes, she does./ No, she doesn't.动词 s的变化规则: 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies 一般现在时用法专练:

一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数

drink ________

go _______

stay ________ make ________ look _________

have_______

pass_______

carry ________ come________

watch______

plant_______

fly _________ study_______

brush________ do_________

teach_______ wash_______

二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1.He often ________(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy _______(be)in Class One.3.We _______(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Nick _______(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.5.______ they ________(like)the World Cup? 6.What _______they often _______(do)on Saturdays? 7._______ your parents _______(read)newspapers every day? 8.The girl _______(teach)us English on Sundays.9.She and I ________(take)a walk together every evening.10.There ________(be)some water in the bottle.11.Mike _______(like)cooking.12.They _______(have)the same hobby.13.My aunt _______(look)after her baby carefully.14.You always _______(do)your homework well.15.I _______(be)ill.I’m staying in bed.16.She _______(go)to school from Monday to Friday.17.Liu Tao _______(do)not like PE.18.The child often _______(watch)TV in the evening.19.Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have)eight lessons this term.20.-What day _______(be)it today?

- It’s Saturday

三、现在进行时

1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为:be+动词ing.3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词ing?

但疑问词当主语时其结构为:特殊疑问词+be+动词ing? 动词加ing的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 3.假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping 现在进行时专项练习:

一、写出下列动词的现在分词:

play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________ stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________

二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:

1.The boy __________________(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls _______________(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother _________________(cook)some nice food now.4.What _____ you ______(do)now? 5.Look.They _______________(have)an English lesson.6.They ____________(not ,water)the flowers now.7.Look!the girls ________________(dance)in the classroom.8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen)to music.9.It’s 5 o’clock now.We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes? Yes ,she is.四、将来时理论及练习

1、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。

句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。

2、基本结构:①be going to do;

②will do.3、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。

例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.4、同义句:be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天).= I will go swimming tomorrow.练习填空:

1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.I ________ have a picnic with my friends.2.我们将要学习英语

We _____ _______ _________ learn English.We ________ learn English.五、一般过去时

1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

否定句:didn’t 动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.动词过去式变化规则:

1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:work-worked , cook-cooked 2.结尾是e加d,如:live-lived 3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 如:stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母 y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied 5.不规则动词过去式:

am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat 过去时练习

写出下列动词的过去式

isam_________

plant________

are ________

do ________ drink_________

play_______

go________

make ________ does_________

dance________

worry________

ask _____ taste_________

eat__________

put ______

pass_______ kick_________ Be动词的过去时练习(1)

1.I _______ at school just now.2.He ________ at the camp last week.3.We ________ students two years ago.4.They ________ on the farm a moment ago.5.Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.6.There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.7.There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8.The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.9.I ______ an English teacher now.10.She _______ happy yesterday.11.They _______ glad to see each other last month.行为动词的过去时练习(2)

1.I ______(watch)a cartoon on Saturday.2.Her father _______(read)a newspaper last night.3.We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park.(go)4.______ you _______(visit)your relatives last Spring Festival? 5.______ he _______(fly)a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.6.Gao Shan _______(pull)up carrots last National Day holiday.7.I ____________(sweep)the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.8.What ______ she _______(find)in the garden last morning? She __________(find)a beautiful butterfly.六、人称代词和物主代词 人称代词 物主代词 主格

(句首做主语)宾格(句尾做宾语)形容词性(名首做主语)名词性(句尾做宾语)I me my mine you you your yours he him his his she her her hers it it its its we us our ours they them their theirs习题

一.用所给词的适当形式填空

1.That is not _________ kite.That kite is very small, but ________ is very big.(I)2.The dress is _________.Give it to _________.(she)3.Is this _________ watch?(you)No, it’s not _________.(I)4.________ is my brother.______ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _________.(he)

二、用am, is, are 填空

1.I ______ a boy.______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.2.The girl______ Jack's sister.3.The dog _______ tall and fat.4.The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.5.______ your brother in the classroom? 6.Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.7.How _______ your father? 8.Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.9.Whose dress ______ this? 10.Whose socks ______ they?

小学英语六年级语法训练 语法及练习1 be动词 Be 动词的用法:(1)Am--was Is--was Are--were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,复数全用are。(2)肯定和否定句: I am(not)from London.My hair is(not)long.He is(not)a teacher.She is(not)in the dining room.Her eyes are(not)small.(3)一般疑问句 :Am I a Chinese?

Yes, you are.No, you aren’t.Are they American? Yes, they are.No, they aren’t.Is the cat fat?

Yes, it is.No, it isn’t.用恰当的be动词填空。

1.I ______ a boy.______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.2.The girl______ Jack's sister.3.The dog _______ tall and fat.4.The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.5.______ your brother in the classroom? 6.Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.7.How _______ your father? 8.Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.9.Whose dress ______ this? 10.Whose socks ______ they? 11.That ______ my red skirt.12.Who ______ I? 13.The jeans ______ on the desk.14.Here ______ a scarf for you.15.Here ______ some sweaters for you.16.The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.17.This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.18.The two cups of milk _____ for me.19.Some tea ______ in the glass.20.Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.21.My sister's name ______Nancy.22.This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil.23.______ David and Helen from England?

24.There ______ a girl in the room.25.There ______ some apples on the tree.26._______ there any kites in the classroom? 27._______ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28.There _______ some bread on the plate.29.There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.30.You, he and I ______ from China.语法及练习2 人称代词和物主代词 人称代词和物主代词

1.人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than 之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。

2.物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。一.填写代词表主格。

I

it we

you

them

his

your

hers

二.用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.That is not _________ kite.That kite is very small, but ________ is very big.(I)2.The dress is _________.Give it to _________.(she)3.Is this _________ watch?(you)No, it’s not _________.(I)4.______ is my brother.________ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _________.(he)5._________ dresses are red.(we)What colour are _________?(you)6.Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ?(she)7.I can find my toy, but where’s _________?(you)8.Show _________ your kite, OK?(they)9.I have a beautiful cat._________name is Mimi.These cakes are _________.(it)10.Are these ________ tickets? No, ______ are not _______.______ aren’t here.(they)11.Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom.(we)12._________ is my aunt.Do you know _________ job? _________ a nurse.(she)13.That is not _________ camera._________is at home.(he)14.Where are _________? I can’t find _________.Let’s call ________ parents.(they)15.Don’t touch _________._________ not a cat, _________ a tiger!16._________ sister is ill.Please go and get _________.(she)17._________ don’t know her name.Would you please tell _________.(we)18.So many dogs.Let’s count _________.(they)19.I have a lovely brother._________ is only 3.I like _________ very much.(he)20.May I sit beside _________?(you)21.Look at that desk.Those book are on _________.(it)22.The girl behind _________ is our friend.(she)

语法及练习3 名词复数和动词三单

一、名词复数规则

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children ,foot-feet,tooth-teeth fish-fish, sheep-sheep,deer-deer,people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 练习:写出下列各词的复数。

I _________ him _________ this _______ her ______ watch _______ book_______ child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth______ sheep ______ box_______ strawberry __________ thief _______ yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ paper_______ people________ 二.动词三单的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies 练习: 写出下列动词的第三人称单数

drink ________ go _______

stay ________ make ________

look _________ have_______

pass_______

carry ____

come________

watch______ plant_______

fly ________ study_______

brush________

teach_______ 语法及练习4 一般现在时

一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍

一般现在时的功能

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

一般现在时的构成1.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

一般现在时的变化

1.be动词的变化。否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。

一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。如:-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./ No, I'm not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?

2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语+ don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如:I don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:He doesn't often play.一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。

如:-Do you often play football?Yes, she does./ No, she doesn't.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?

一般现在时用法专练:

一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1.He often ________(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy _______(be)in Class One.3.We _______(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Nick _______(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.5.______ they ________(like)the World Cup? 6.What _______they often _______(do)on Saturdays? 7._______ your parents _______(read)newspapers every day? 8.The girl _______(teach)us English on Sundays.9.She and I ________(take)a walk together every evening.10.There ________(be)some water in the bottle.11.Mike _______(like)cooking.12.They _______(have)the same hobby.13.My aunt _______(look)after her baby carefully.14.You always _______(do)your homework well.15.I _______(be)ill.I’m staying in bed.16.She _______(go)to school from Monday to Friday.17.Liu Tao _______(do)not like PE.18.The child often _______(watch)TV in the evening.19.Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have)eight lessons this term.20.-What day _______(be)it today? - It’s Saturday.二、按照要求改写句子。

1.Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)__________________________________________________________________ 2.I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)__________________________________________________________________ 3.She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)__________________________________________________________________ 4.Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)__________________________________________________________________ 5.We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_________________________________________________________________ 6.He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)__________________________________________________________________ 7.I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)__________________________________________________________________ 8.John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)__________________________________________________________________ 9.She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)__________________________________________________________________ 10.Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)__________________________________________________________________

三、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)1.Is your brother speak English? ________________________________ 2.Does he likes going fishing? __________________________________ 3.He likes play games after class.______________________________ 4.Mr.Wu teachs us English._____________________________________ 5.She don’t do her homework on Sundays.________________________ 语法及练习5 现在进行时 现在进行时

1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:特殊疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为: 特殊疑问词+ be + 动词ing? 动词加ing的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping 现在进行时专项练习:

一、写出下列动词的现在分词:

play________ run__________

swim _________ make__________ go_________ like________ write________

ski___________ read________

have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________

see________

buy _________ love_________ live_______

take_________ come ________ get_________ stop_________ sit ________

begin________ shop___________

二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:

1.The boy __________________(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls _______________(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother _________________(cook)some nice food now.4.What _____ you ______(do)now? 5.Look.They _______________(have)an English lesson.6.They ____________(not ,water)the flowers now.7.Look!the girls ________________(dance)in the classroom.8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen)to music.9.It’s 5 o’clock now.We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes? Yes ,she is.三、句型转换:

1.They are doing housework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2.The students are cleaning the classroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3.I’m playing the football in the playground.(对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________________________ 4.Tom is reading books in his study.(对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________________________ 语法及练习6 将来时 将来时

一、概念:

表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。

二、基本结构:①be going to + do; ②will+ do.三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend.→ Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?

五、对划线部分提问:一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.问人。Who

例如:I’m going to New York soon.→Who’s going to New York soon.2.问干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.→What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.问什么时候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine.→When is she going to bed?

六、同义句:be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天).= I will go swimming tomorrow.练习:填空。

1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.I ________ have a picnic with my friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。

What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________.She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。

What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 改句子:

5.Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)Nancy ________ going to go camping.6.I’ll go and join them.(改否定)I _______ go ______ join them.7.I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8.We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9.She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问)________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 10.My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空。

11.Today is a sunny day.We ___________________(have)a picnic this afternoon.12.My brother _______________(go)to Shanghai next week.13.Tom often ______________(go)to school on foot.But today is rain.He ______________(go)to school by bike.14.What do you usually do at weekends?

I usually ________(watch)TV and ________(catch)insects? 15.It’s Friday today.What _____she _________(do)this weekend? She ______________(watch)TV and _____________(catch)insects.16.What ___________(d0)you do last Sunday? I ____________(pick)apples on a farm.What ______________(do)next Sunday? I ______________(milk)cows.17.Mary ____________(visit)her grandparents tomorrow.18.Liu Tao ____________(fly)kites in the playground yesterday.19.David ______________(give)a puppet show next Monday.20.I ________________(plan)for my study now.语法及练习7 一般过去时 一般过去时 1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)

⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则:

1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted 3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied 5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 过去时练习:写出下列动词的过去式

isam_________ fly_______

plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______

go________

make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____

taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______

throw________ kick_________ pass_______

do ________ Be动词的过去时练习

一、用be动词的适当形式填空。

1.I ______ an English teacher now.2.She _______ happy yesterday.3.They _______ glad to see each other last month.4.Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.5.The little dog _____ two years old this year.6.Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.7.There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.8.Today _____ the second of June.Yesterday ______ the first of June.It _____ Children’s Day.All the students ______ very excited.二、句型转换。

1.There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句:__________________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:______________________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:____________________________________________________

三、中译英。

1.我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。

_____________________________________________________________________ 2.他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。

_____________________________________________________________________ 3.一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。

_____________________________________________________________________ 行为动词的过去时练习

一、用be动词的适当形式填空。

1.I ______(watch)a cartoon on Saturday.2.Her father _______(read)a newspaper last night.3.We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park.(go)4.______ you _______(visit)your relatives last Spring Festival? 5.______ he _______(fly)a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.6.Gao Shan _______(pull)up carrots last National Day holiday.7.I ____________(sweep)the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.8.What ______ she _______(find)in the garden last morning? She __________(find)a beautiful butterfly.二、句型转换。

1.They played football in the playground.否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________

三、中译英。

1.格林先生去年住在中国。

_________________________________________________________ 2.昨天我们参观了农场。

___________________________________________________________ 3.他刚才在找他的手机。

___________________________________________________________

过去时综合练习(1)

一、用动词的适当形式填空。

1.It ______(be)Ben’s birthday last Friday.2.We all ______(have)a good time last night.3.He ________(jump)high on last Sports Day.4.Helen ________(milk)a cow on Friday.5.She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday.(read)6.He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now.(play)7.Jim’s mother _________(plant)trees just now.8._______ they ________(sweep)the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.9.I _______(watch)a cartoon on Monday.10.We ___________(go)to school on Sunday.二、中译英。

1.我们上周五看了一部电影。

________________________________________________________________________________ 2.他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗?是的。

_________________________________________________________________________________ 3.你们上个儿童节做了什么?我们参观了动物园。

_________________________________________________________________________________4.你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。

_________________________________________________________________________________ 过去时综合练习

一、用动词的适当形式填空。

1.It _____(be)the 2nd of November yesterday.Mr White ________(go)to his office by car.2.Gao Shan ________(put)the book on his head a moment ago.3.Don’t ______ the house.Mum _______ it yesterday.(clean)4.What ____ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework.(do)5.They _________(make)a kite a week ago.6.I want to ______ apples.But my dad _______ all of them last month.(pick)7._______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____.(water)8.She ____(be)a pretty girl.Look, she _____(do)Chinese dances.9.The students often _________(draw)some pictures in the art room.10.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows.(milk)

二、中译英。

1.他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。

_________________________________________________________ 2.去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。

_________________________________________________________ 3.他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗?不,没有。

_________________________________________________________

语法及练习8 There be 句型与have, has There be 句型与have, has的区别

1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)

2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is;主语是复数,be 动词用are;如有几件物品,be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。

3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。

4、there be句型与have(has)的区别:

there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人拥有某物。

5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句或疑问句。

6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句,or 用于否定句或疑问句。

7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:

How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?

How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?

8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What’s + 介词短语?

练习:Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are” 1.I________a good father and a good mother.2.____________a telescope on the desk.3.He_________a tape-recorder.4._____________a basketball in the playground.5.She__________some dresses.6.They___________a nice garden.7.What do you___________? 8.______________a reading-room in the building? 9.What does Mike___________? 10.______________any books in the bookcase? 11.My father_________a story-book.12._______________a story-book on the table.13._______________any flowers in the vase? 14.How many students____________in the classroom? 15.My parents___________some nice pictures.16._____________some maps on the wall.17.______________a map of the world on the wall.18.David__________a telescope.19.David’s friends___________some tents.20.______________many children on the hill.Fill in the blank with “ have, has ” 1.I_________ a nice puppet.2.He_________a good friend.3.They__________ some masks.4.We___________some flowers.5.She___________ a duck.6.My father____________ a new bike.7.Her mother___________a vase.8.Our teacher_________ an English book.9.Our teachers___________a basketball.10.Their parents___________some blankets 11.Nancy_________many skirts.12.David__________some jackets.13.My friends__________a football.14.What do you__________? 15.What does Mike__________? 16.What do your friends___________? 17.What does Helen___________? 18.His brother________a basketball.19.Her sister_________a nice doll.20.Miss Li__________an English book.

第四篇:六年级英语比较级语法教学设计

六年级英语比较级语法教学设计

小学六年级英语比较级语法教案☆形容词的比较级☆当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级。比较级的句子结构通常是:什么+动词be+形容词比较级+than(比)+什么,如:I’tallerandheavierthanu(我比你更高和更重。)Anelephantisbiggerthanatiger(一只大象比一只老虎更大。)形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:①一般的直接在词尾加er,如tall-taller,strng-strnger,②以e结尾的,直接加r,如fine–finer,③以辅音字母加结尾的,先改为i再加er,如funn-funnier④双写最后的字母再加er,如big–bigger,thin–thinner,ht–htter除此之外,还有几个特殊的单词,它的比较级和最高级都是不规则的,如:an/uh(原形)–re(比较级)–st(最高级)little/fe(原形)–

less(比较级)–least(最高级)gd(原形)–better(比较级)–best(最高级)bad(原形)–rse(比较级)–rst(最高级)far

(原形)–further–furthest附加:形容词的最高级变化类似于比较级,只是把词尾的er改成est,如:tall(原形)-taller(比较级)-tallest(最高级)lng(原形)-lnger(比较级)-lngest(最高级)big(原形)-bigger(比较级)-biggest(最高级)☆注意☆比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。典型错误:hairislngerthanu(我的头发比你更长。)比较的两者是我的头发、你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性。应该改为:hairislngerthanurs或hairislngerthanurhair附:如果比较的两者是一样的时候,我们会用as…as…这个词组,它的用法是:什么+be+as+形容词原形+as+什么,意思是什么和什么一样……。如:I’astallasu(我和你一样高。)feetareasbigasurs(我的脚和你的一样大。)比较级专项练习

一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子heav

tall

lng

uh

an

bigH

istheellRiver?H

isrGreen?

He’s17H

areurfeet?

Iearsize18H

isthehiteT-shirt?

It’s100uanH

applesarethereinthebag?

ThereareH

isthefish?It’s2g

二、根据句意写出所缺的单词I’12earsldu’re14I’

thanuArabbit’stailis

thanane’stailAnelephantis

thanapigAlaeis

thanaseaAbasetballis

thanaftball

三、根据中文完成句子

我比我的弟弟大三岁

I’

thanbrther

这棵树要比那棵树高

Thistree

thanthatne

你比他矮四厘米

uare

thanhe

谁比你重?

thanu

他比你更强壮

Heis

thanu

四、根据答句写出问句

I’160

I’12earsld

shesare80uan

A’shairis30lng

IhavethreeEnglishbs

第五篇:六年级试题

《小学中年级学生随文小练笔的策略研究》

第一部分 课题研究论证报告

一、课题提出的背景和要解决的问题

(一)问题提出的背景

1998年9月,我提出了“阅读教学中随文练笔的构想”。“随文练笔”一词的提出,由来有二:一是全国著名特级教师丁有宽同志在长达二十多年的农村教学实践中,对小学语文教学中普遍存在的“杂、乱、华、死”,读写严重脱节的弊病,先后进行了八轮“读写结合”教学改革试验,使农村学生从厌读怕写变为喜读爱写,全面提高了学生的读写能力,成功地探索出小学语文读写结合的教学途径。丁有宽老师的读写结合教材教法改革与实验涉及到教材、教法和学法,成果丰硕,影响深远。如何使阅读与写作同步进行,结合得更为紧密呢?这一直是我教学中思考的问题。二是我国著名特级教师斯霞提出过一种识字方法——分散识字法。所谓分散识字就是分散教、集中练、边识字、边阅读,生字随课文分散出现,结合课文来教,故又称“随课文识字”。我想:识字可以“随文识字”,写作训练是否可以随文进行呢?由此,“随文练笔”一词应运而生,闪亮登场。

“随文练笔”即通常所说的“课堂练笔”、“小练笔”,不少同仁对此已进行过富有成效的教学实践研究。所谓“随文练笔”,即紧紧跟随阅读教学,在阅读教学中相机进行写作训练。如何妥善处理好读与写的关系,充分挖掘教材写作因素,把写的训练有机融合于阅读教学之中,做到读写结合,相得益彰呢?特级教师于永正老师可谓此中高手,他在课堂教学中,经常穿插写的训练。从篇幅看,或三言两语,或长长大篇;从内容看,或课文借用,或课外引进;从方法看,或内容挖掘,或想象补充„„每一次练笔,都是他教学艺术的映照。于老师说:“阅读教学中写的训练,不应游离于课文之外,要使它成为阅读教学中的一个有机组成部分。”很显然,如果我们能以课文为写作的突破口,及时地把写作训练有机地揉进阅读教学,就能进一步发挥课文的“典型”优势,使学生学以致用,举一反三,实现读写结合。以求发展学生的思维,培养想象和创新能力,激发写作兴趣,促进写作能力的提高。

《新课程标准》对小学三个阶段的写话要求各有不同。低年级主要是写句子,中年级主要是写一段话,高年级注重整篇文章的写作。可见片断写作在小学阶段的习作训练中起到了过渡的作用。但在现实教学中,我们的习作教学是走得比较匆忙的,一般的老师,到三年级时,就会在每个单元的写话训练中,对学生进行了整篇习作的练习。习作指导的跨度太大,学生跳起来够不着“桃子”,久而久之学生产生了畏惧心理,提笔不知写什么,怕写作文。为了完成作业就凑字数的,照抄作文书的内容。不能表达真情实感。其中一个重要的原因就是跨过了段的训练。语文课的主要任务是学习语言,即:理解、积累和运用语言。一般的理解是阅读课用来训练理解和积累语言,作文课用来训练表达和运用语言。而小学语文在课程安排上,作文教学的时间是明显少于阅读教学时间的。因此学生书面表达训练的机会就比较少。而四年级又是学生习作从句到篇的过渡阶段,写好片断对高年级的成篇作文写作能起到很好的过渡作用。根据以上情况分析,我们课题组认为在中年级即四年级的阅读教学中,依托课文进行小练笔具有重要的现实意义。

(二)要解决的问题

1、通过研究有效的策略,提高学生的习作水平。

2、提高教师的驾驭教材能力,促进教师的专业发展,提升教师的研究能力。

二、国内外研究现状分析

(一)作文素描训练

上海市的吴立岗、贾志敏等人认为,小学作文“四步训练”相对“三步训练”来说是个进步。可是通过三年级的片段训练,立刻让四年级学生独立地写命题作文,值得商榷。学生从四年级起进行简短记叙文的篇章训练,而要掌握简短记叙文的基本结构,把文章写得有条理,有中心,还必须由老师“扶着”走一段路。也就是说,四年级(至少上学期)也应该单独作为一个训练阶段,可取名为“半独立的篇章训练”。因此,比较科学地说,小学作文应该分成五步训练,即一年级,口语训练;二年级,写话训练;三年级,片断训练;四年级,半独立的篇章训练;

五、六年级,独立的命题作文训练。其中三、四年级是两个十分重要的阶段,具有承上启下的作用。

经过调查发现,三、四年级学生作文的主要毛病是内容空洞,言之无物。原因何在呢?一是学生不会观察,不会想象,即形象思维能力十分薄弱;二是他们的生活知识和常用词汇十分贫乏。据此,他们借鉴美术教学的经验而创造了一种适用于三、四年级的作文教学形式——素描。所谓素描训练,乃是以观察实物作为途径,以片断和简单的篇章作为形式,将描写和叙述结合起来(即运用“白描”手法)反映周围生活的记叙文训练。三年级进行片断素描,通过对静物、动物、景物、房间陈设以及人物动作对话、外貌的描写,帮助学生逐步积累生活知识和常用词语,掌握片断的各种基本结构以及相应的写作技能。四年级进行叙事素描,通过对“一件事”的演示和观察,使学生学会综合进行片断素描,掌握简短记叙文的要素(时间、地点、人物、情节)和基本结构(起因——发展——高潮——结局)。

(二)读写综合的训练

如果说以上四个作文教学流派都主张小学语文学科分设“阅读”和“作文”两类课,那么广东省特级教师丁有宽则主张把读和写紧密结合,取消通常的作文课。他经过长期的教学试验,总结出一套富有成效、独具特色的语文教学方法,其特点是把作文知识和训练结合到讲读课文的过程中进行。他按照写好一篇记叙文的要求,总结出七条读写对应规律,教给学生从读学写的方法。“读写对应”的具体做法是:(1)从读学解题,作文结合练审题和拟题;(2)从读学归纳中心,作文结合练怎样表现中心;(3)从读学分段、概括段意,作文结合练拟写作提纲;(4)从读学区分文章主次,作文结合练怎样安排详略;(5)从读学捕捉中心段,作文结合练怎样突出中心;(6)从读学品评词句,作文结合练遣词造句;(7)从读学作者怎样观察事物,作文结合练观察方法。这样,既抓读,又抓写,读中学写,以写促读,读写结合,突出重点。

总起来看,近20年来祖国大陆对小学作文训练序列的各种探索,具有以下三个特点:一是继承和发展我国传统作文教学的成功经验(例如先放后收的训练和读写结合的训练);二是注意吸收现代心理学和教学论的研究成果,将发展语言同发展思维(包括形象思维和抽象思维)结合起来(例如作文分步训练和作文素描训练);三是开始运用系统方法分析问题,既博采众长,又创造自己的特色,并且注意把训练计划细目化,实现训练项目的操作化。

随着新课程改革的进行,指导学生写作的教学方法与形式日益多样化,有些老师也进行了随文练笔的教学研究,并写了一些这方面的教学论文。从训练的切入点,训练的形式与方法等方面作了一定的阐述。与《课程标准》相配套的教材中,也有一些关于随堂练笔的安排。但对于中年级随文进行片段训练的研究还缺乏一定的系统性。如在有限的课堂教学时间内如何选定符合小学生认知水平的切入点,安排在什么时间进行训练,训练该有多长的时间,写作训练如何指导,包括哪些步骤等都缺乏具体的阐述。这些都是本课题研究想解决的问题。

三、课题研究的实践意义和理论价值

(一)实践意义

1.本课题的研究将为学生主动、自由、富有创造性的习作总结实践经验,对于促进习作教学改革提供有益借鉴。

2.创建以学生为中心,以学生发展为本,以培养能运用准确地语言表达真情实感,我笔写我心的

3.为一线教师更新观念,转变教学方式,促进专业发展,推动校本教研提供范例。

(二)理论价值

1.通过文献研究、教学实践,在不断探索、反思、总结、交流中形成具有理论价值的中年级学生随文小练笔的策略。

2.将课题研究成果“中年级学生随文小练笔的策略研究” 运用于教学之中,促进教学方式和学习方式的改变,提高语文习作教学质量。

四、课题研究的理论依据及遵循的原则

(一)理论依据

1.建构主义理论:以皮亚杰为代表的建构主义学习理论认为,知识是个体与环境交互作用的过程中逐渐建构的结果。学习不是教师向学生传递知识,而是学生建构自己知识的过程。学生是信息加工的主体,是意义建构的主动建构者,而不是知识的被动接受者和灌输者的对象。教师应为学生提供自我表现、创造的机会,让他们积极参与,主动获取知识、发展交往技能和形成集体意识,不但能满足学生个体发展需要,又能使每个学生获得成功的体验。阅读是搜集处理信息、认识世界、发展思维、获得审美体验的重要途径。阅读教学是学生、教师、文本之间对话的过程。

2.多元智能理论:多元智能理论的创始人加德纳认为:每个人都在不同程度上拥有几种智能。智力间的不同组合表现出个体间的差异,学生不同的智慧潜能只有在适当的环境中才能充分地展现出来。语文教学应适应儿童群体智能地多元倾向和学习方式地多样性,开发儿童地各种潜能,并使这种潜能外化为实践地能力。开放性阅读教学研究就是要使每个学生在自主探究中自己原有水平得到不同程度的发展。

(二)遵循原则

1.主体性原则。探究学习强调学生的主体地位,习作教学也不例外,应关注学生的主体实践,使学生在自主表达、交流的过程中,形成能力。

2.合作性原则。学生在探究学习活动中既要充分表现自主性,又要体现合作性。让学生在独立仿写的基础上,彼此互通独立见解,互相合作与讨论,在交流中反思,使自己的见解更加丰富、全面,以求共同提高。

3.开放性原则。首先是教学内容的开放。根据“大语文”教学观,关注多学科的融合探究,实施课内习作探究到课外习作探究的开放性阅读教学。其次是师生关系的开放。教学双方应建立民主、平等、和谐的师生关系,教师要以平等的合作者、谦虚的倾听者、真诚的赏识者、个性张扬的促进者出现在课堂上。4.批判性原则。在学习活动中,学生应独立探究,有自己的理性思考、比较、鉴别,能提出自己的看法,发表独特的见解,不惟书,不惟上,突破固有的思维模式,求新求异,敢于向书本挑战,向权威挑战。

五、完成课题研究的可行性分析

(一)学校教科室参与课题的指导,并把教研活动纳入工作计划。

(二)课题组成员教改意识前卫,教研能力强。

(三)每月定期开展研讨课,课前集体备课,课后集体评课。

(四)学校每学期开展一次以课题研究为主题的大型研讨活动。

第二部分 课题研究的设计报告

一、概念的界定

“小学中年级学生”指九年义务教育中,小学三、四年级的学生,本专题特指四年级学生。

“随文小练笔”,即在阅读教学中充分挖掘教材写作因素,把仿写的训练有机有度适时地融合于阅读教学之中,做到以读促写,以写促读,使读写相得益彰。“训练策略”,即在教学目标确定以后,根据已定的教学任务和学生的特征,有针对性地选择与组合相关的训练内容、训练组织形式、训练方法和技术,形成的具有效率意义的特定的训练方案。

二、研究目标

(一)通过研究,更新课程观念,以新课程的教学设计理念指导实践,使教师树立“为学习设计教学”的价值取向和“教学设计贯穿于教学过程”的教学观。

(二)在研究实践中探索和积累小学中年级学生随文小练笔的策略研究,提高教师个性化运用教材的能力。

(三)在个人实践、同伴互助、专家引领的校本研究过程中,提升教师的教学设计水平和研究能力,形成团队合作品质,增强专业发展的自觉意识。

三、研究的主要内容

(一)准确把握有价值的教材资源,经过随文小练笔,有利于提高学生的习作水平。

(二)如何在教学预设和教学过程中选择并运用多种教学策略去开发资源,实现习作的高效成功。

四、研究对象和研究方法

(一)研究对象:2014年在校的四年级全体学生

(二)研究方法:以行动研究法为主,附文献研究法、经验总结法。(1)文献研究法。查阅文献资料,学习相关经验材料,为开展课题研究寻找理论帮助,奠定理论基础。(2)行动研究法。在课堂教学实践中,不断改进教学方法,针对学生阅读中发现的问题,给予必要的帮助和指导,通过指导、训练探索有效的阅读指导策略。

(3)经验总结法。及时总结阅读指导的实践经验,将每个阶段的感性认识上升为理性认识,不断总结、验证、提高,形成成果。

五、研究过程设计

本课题拟用一年时间完成(2015、1——2016、1)分以下三个阶段。第一阶段:准备阶段(2015、1--2015、3)分析教情学情,确定课题,制定研究方案。

第二阶段:实施阶段(2015、4------2015、11),按照计划分为二个研究时段实施研究工作。

时段一(2015、4----2015、7)完成三项工作: 1.学习有关随文小练笔的理论知识。2.听取专家指导。

3.分析学生习作情况,研究训练策略。时段二(2015、8---2015、11)完成四项工作: 1.分班级研究,小学中年级学生随文小练笔的策略。2.研讨交流(说课、上课、评课)。

3.教师反思,写案例和论文,整理学生实践性作业和其他有价值的资料。4.撰写课题阶段性总结。

第三阶段:总结阶段(2015、12---2016、1)整理研究成果,撰写研究报告,完成课题结题工作。

六、预期研究成果

1.完成《小学中年级学生随文小练笔的策略研究》的总结报告。2.整理资料,形成反思集,案例和论文集。

3.整理学生的实践性作业和课堂活动总结并编成册。

八、参考文献

1.北京师范大学出版社,教育部师范教育司组编《丁有宽与读写导练》 2.教育科学出版社,肖川主编《名师备课经验》 3.《窦桂梅的作文教学法》 4.《贾志敏作文教学札记》 5.《支玉恒习作典型课例全辑》

6.《可以这样教作文:24位名师的小学作文教学经验》由华东师范大学出版社出版

阅读教学中 “随文练笔”实践研究开题报告

小学阅读教学中“随文练笔”的策略研究开题报告

一、课题提出的背景

1998年9月,我提出了“阅读教学中随文练笔的构想”。“随文练笔”一词的提出,由来有二:一是全国著名特级教师丁有宽同志在长达二十多年的农村教学实践中,对小学语文教学中普遍存在的“杂、乱、华、死”,读写严重脱节的弊病,先后进行了八轮“读写结合”教学改革试验,使农村学生从厌读怕写变为喜读爱写,全面提高了学生的读写能力,成功地探索出小学语文读写结合的教学途径。丁有宽老师的读写结合教材教法改革与实验涉及到教材、教法和学法,成果丰硕,影响深远。如何使阅读与写作同步进行,结合得更为紧密呢?这一直是我教学中思考的问题。二是我国著名特级教师斯霞提出过一种识字方法——分散识字法。所谓分散识字就是分散教、集中练、边识字、边阅读,生字随课文分散出现,结合课文来教,故又称“随课文识字”。我想:识字可以“随文识字”,写作训练是否可以随文进行呢?由此,“随文练笔”一词应运而生,闪亮登场。

“随文练笔”即通常所说的“课堂练笔”、“小练笔”,不少同仁对此已进行过富有成效的教学实践研究。所谓“随文练笔”,即紧紧跟随阅读教学,在阅读教学中相机进行写作训练。如何妥善处理好读与写的关系,充分挖掘教材写作因素,把写的训练有机融合于阅读教学之中,做到读写结合,相得益彰呢?特级教师于永正老师可谓此中高手,他在课堂教学中,经常穿插写的训练。从篇幅看,或三言两语,或长长大篇;从内容看,或课文借用,或课外引进;从方法看,或内容挖掘,或想象补充„„每一次练笔,都是他教学艺术的映照。于老师说:“阅读教学中写的训练,不应游离于课文之外,要使它成为阅读教学中的一个有机组成部分。”很显然,如果我们能以课文为写作的突破口,及时地把写作训练有机地揉进阅读教学,就能进一步发挥课文的“典型”优势,使学生学以致用,举一反三,实现读写结合。以求发展学生的思维,培养想象和创新能力,激发写作兴趣,促进写作能力的提高。

二、课题的名称及界定: 随文练笔,是指在语文课堂教学中,把读写相结合的一种常用的教学手段,它一般运用在一段、一篇或一组课文结束后的随即进行。随文练笔的“随文”的特性,能大大提高阅读教学的“写”的密度,从而极大地提高了语言文字训练的强度。随文练笔选材角度小,内容简短;而且形式多样,丰富学生的作文素材,有利于快速提高学生的作文水平。

三、课题研究的目的和意义:

《语文课程标准》明确指出:“写作教学应贴近学生实际,让学生易于动笔,乐于表达。”因此,教师要有一双慧眼,做写作教学资源的开发者。可常规教学中,人们更多的是把视线聚集在作文教学的研究上,而往往忽视阅读教学中习作资源的开发和利用。其实,文本不仅是阅读教学的主要凭借,而且也是习作训练的直接资源,习作既可以“取其法”,还可以“用其材”。

语文教材是学生阅读的凭借,是写作的典范。苏教版教材中选编的课文,文质兼美,祖国的语言文字在其中彰显着无穷的魅力,或隽永潇洒,或激越昂扬,或空灵和谐„„许多文章,言有尽而意无穷,许多言外之意须去研磨,诸多文本背后的精彩须去探寻。因此,阅读教学中随文练笔还能促使我们的语文教师深入地细读文本,钻研文本,从中寻找出能为深化文本理解“架桥铺路”的“读写结合点”来,把握重点,聚焦难点,提升教学能力。我们课题组觉得此课题具有很强的现实研究意义和价值。

1.阅读教学中“随文练笔”,重点研究如何利用语文教材中的文本,拓展延伸点,有效地挖掘文本中的练笔资源,引导学生开展各种形式的习作实践,在阅读中发展习作,在习作中促进对阅读的深化理解,实现两者的双赢。

2.通过开展研究,进一步更新教师的习作教学观念,促使教师在进行阅读教学的过程中,适时捕捉写作教学的契机,改革作文教学方法,提高教师教育科研水平,提高教育教学质量。

3.树立学生的写作主体意识,激发学生的写作兴趣,充实学生的写作内容,为学生创设自由倾吐的氛围,使写作成为学生愉快生活的一部分,不再是苦差事。如果说大作文是正式的“舞台演出”的话,那么,小练笔就是每日的“基本功练习”。基本功扎实了,上台时才能赢得观众的喝彩。只要我们活用新教材,巧作小练笔,长期训练,就能在“小练笔”这块“小田地”里创出一番“大天地”。

四、课题研究的理论依据:

1.《语文课程标准》明确指出:“语文课程应指导学生正确地理解和运用祖国语言。” 儿童心理学告诉我们,任何知识与能力的形成,学习主体──学生的学习兴趣是重要因素。小学生的作文兴趣来源于“有材料可写”,一旦有了材料,他们就会跃跃欲试,表达兴趣浓厚。在这种情绪下,引导学生把教材的语言内化为自己的语言,课堂教学就会取得显著的效果。

2.名家教育理论。叶圣陶:“阅读任何文章,主要在得到启发,受到教育,获得间接经验等等,而在真正理解的同时,咱们对文章的写作技巧必须有所领会,可以作为练习写作的借鉴。”叶圣陶:“语文教材无非是个例子,凭这个例子要使学生能够举一反三,练习阅读和写作的熟练技巧。”于永正:“当学生读出了文章的妙处,小到一个字,一个词,一个句子,大到篇章结构,文章的立意,当读出了自己的惊喜,才算真正的语文课堂。”

3.符合儿童心理特点:儿童最善于模仿,充分利用教材中优美的句、段、篇作为读写结合的范本和中介,让孩子通过小练笔的形式,及时运用阅读所学到的知识进行写作,不但能满足了儿童好表现的需要,还能激发孩子习作的积极性。根据儿童“易遗忘”的特点,采取边读边写,学用结合的做法,有利于知识的巩固。由于学生的写作束缚少,自然也就容易动笔,乐于动笔,“心动”而致“笔动”,学生就有内容可写,有话可说,有情可抒。

五、课题研究的目标: 《语文课程标准》指出:“阅读教学是学生、教师、文本之间对话的过程。”“要珍视学生独特的感受、体验和理解。”阅读教学过程中,要引导学生融入文本的角色之中,将个性化的解读感悟流淌笔尖,用笔归纳自己的思维、想象、情感,在生长言语的同时积蓄精神生命的源流。基于此,我们研究目标如下:

1、激发学生阅读和写作兴趣,培养学生良好的读写习惯,提高书面语言运用能力,使之适应终身学习与生活的需要。

2、整合教材,精心选择读写结合点,有效地进行小练笔训练。

3、在指导随文练笔过程中,培养学生良好的阅读、写作能力和人文素养。

4、在阅读中培养学生感悟积累精彩而丰富的语言材料,储备多种语言模式的习惯。

5、改变教师作文教学观念,提高教师指导学生随文练笔的能力。

六、课题具体操作实施:

(一)明确随文练笔的教学手段。

1.确定具有不同难度的随文练笔要求,循序渐进地进行训练。根据不同年级学生的不同特点和不同的习作要求,将“随文练笔”分为三个层次,低年级以写“句”为主,中年级以写“段”为主,高年级以写“篇(或片断)”为主。各级的训练除强调侧重点以外,还注意了内容之间的连贯和年级之间的衔接。

2.将小作文与大作文结合起来,以形成统一的作文训练序列。这里的“小作文”指“随文练笔”,教师在不加重学生负担的前提下,将大、小作文结合起来,使两种训练互相渗透,融为一体。随文练笔训练与单元教材的习作要求相一致。3.要求语文课题组教师每学期拟订好研究计划,每学期上一节与课题有关的研究课,交一篇与课题研究有关的教案,写一篇与课题有关的经验总结或论文,收集一部分学生小练笔习作。

(二)构建随文练笔的教学模式。

课文是阅读教学的载体,随文练笔因为从课文中精选出一个或几个“训练点”,在每个训练点上组织有层次的一系列听说读写训练,成为一个训练板块。在一个训练点上,可以采用以下的操作程序:“疏通文意”;“重点导读”;“体会表达”;“课堂练写”;“交流反馈”(三)精心选择落点,让随文练笔独具魅力。

课堂练笔的关键在于结合文本找到恰当的练笔引爆点,有效启动学生的练笔欲望。新教材文质兼美,语感鲜明。对于文本中出现的经典、精彩的语段,教师除了引领学生反复诵读感悟,还要巧妙地抓住这一语言学习的“点”进行练笔。“他山之石,可以攻玉”,让学生在潜移默化中积累语言、积淀语感,掌握写作方法。

七、本课题运用的主要研究方法有:

1、实验法:以自己的课堂作为实验基地,研究课题内容。

2、个案研究法:通过对某节课的深入研究,观察结果。

3、观察研究法:通过此方法了解整合过的课堂教学效率。

4、行动研究法:针对如何提高阅读课堂中随文练笔有效性制定相应对策,在课堂上运用,观察效果,并根据反馈的问题,调查对策,继续深入研究。

5、调查法。调查小学作文教学的现状,确立新的生长点;筛选作文教学中的新点子,新做法,进而用来指导实验。八、研究过程设计

本课题拟用一年时间完成(2015、1——2016、1)分以下三个阶段。第一阶段:准备阶段(2015、1--2015、3)分析教情学情,确定课题,制定研究方案。第二阶段:实施阶段(2015、4------2015、11),按照计划分为二个研究时段实施研究工作。

时段一(2015、4----2015、7)完成三项工作: 1.学习有关随文小练笔的理论知识。2.听取专家指导。

3.分析学生习作情况,研究训练策略。

时段二(2015、8---2015、11)完成四项工作:

1.分班级研究,小学中年级学生随文小练笔的策略。2.研讨交流(说课、上课、评课)。

3.教师反思,写案例和论文,整理学生实践性作业和其他有价值的资料。4.撰写课题阶段性总结。

第三阶段:总结阶段(2015、12---2016、1)

整理研究成果,撰写研究报告,完成课题结题工作。

九、课题研究的成果形式:

1.各篇课文随文练笔的内容一览表。2.课题经验论文。

3.优秀教学设计、教学案例分析、反思、学生个案分析等。4.学生成果集。如小练笔习作集、手抄报、日记、作文等 5.总结性研究报告。

十、课题研究保障:

1、为了使课题研究顺利运行,成立课题组,并建立完善的课题管理和组织制度。

2、理论学习和专题研讨制度。

定期集中学习,利用网络随时进行交流。及时总结经验。

3、定期上专题研究课,并及时将教学设计、课堂实录、教学反思以及学生作品上传到课题研究博客。

4、撰写相关的论文、教学设计,将学生的相关作品结集成册。

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