第一篇：中英文化差异与翻译策略
英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考
最新200份英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作
形合与意合对比研究及翻译策略 汉英植物隐喻对比研究
哥特电影的黑暗之美-市场与文化的交接
论中国特色文化政治经济词汇和缩略语的英译策略
腐朽世界中的纯洁品质——解读《雾都孤儿》中费金的善与恶 从译者主体性视角探析《红楼梦》中概念隐喻的翻译策略 词汇和背景知识对英语阅读理解的重要影响及应对策略 国际贸易中的支付方式及其风险回避 论哥特式手法在《呼啸山庄》中的应用
西方骑士精神与中国侠义精神的比较研究—以《亚瑟王之死》和《水浒传》为例 Cultural Differences and Translation Strategies 从商业性角度论电影名称的翻译
The Comparison between“the Mean”of Confucius and“the Mean”of Aristotle On the Conflicts Reflected in the Character of Rebecca Sharp in Vanity Fair 春节与圣诞节的对比研究
从《厄舍古屋的倒塌》看爱伦坡写作的哥特式风格 《魔戒》中的现实主义初探 奥巴马演讲词的人际意义研究
中外服装品牌英文标签语言的跨文化研究 标记信息结构在字幕翻译中的应用 从关联理论角度看《围城》的幽默翻译 中美文化差异对其商务谈判的影响 旅游英语翻译的研究
从常见的中英文名字比较中英两国命名文化差异 试论爱伦•坡的作品在当时遭受非议的必然性 英汉音节结构对比
英汉习语的概念隐喻对比研究 中英文幽默映射的语言与文化差异 透析《洛丽塔》中的性
论《厄舍古屋的倒塌》的哥特式写作风格 涉外商务用餐中的非言语交际 中西节日的对比研究
A Study of Pragmatic Failure in Politeness between Chinese and English 工业化进程中的人性异化——解读D.H.Lawrence《儿子与情人》 An Analysis of Life and Death in Mrs.Dalloway 小学英语语法任务式教学
论《双城记》中的现实主义风格 从文化角度浅析新闻英语的翻译 认知角度下的隐喻翻译
《追风筝的人》翻译中的美学体现 浅析《还乡》中游苔莎的悲剧根源 苔丝悲剧原因探究 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考
《尤利西斯》与《春之声》中意识流手法的不同
做最好的自己—论斯佳丽形象对现代女性的教育意义 语境适应论下电影片名翻译的研究 论英汉机器翻译中被动语态翻译的缺点 论例句在中学英语课堂中的应用
翻译中的性别－－《简•爱》几个中译本的女性主义解读 “白+动词”的语义及其英译
生命不息，奋斗不止——海明威小说中的英雄伦理观和英雄形象研究 融入与挑战－－从生态角度看《老人与海》与《瓦尔登湖》
On Instructional Designs for the Teaching of English Listening in Junior Middle School 《杀死一只知更鸟》中主人公的成长危机 中西方快餐的文化差异
从《大象的眼泪》看人与动物的关系
A Tentative Analysis of the Reasons for McDonald’s Success
On the Effects of Reading Aloud in English Learning in Senior High School 中国英语初探
论《双城记》中的反讽
从传统消费观念看中美文化差异 从中美商务谈判语言看中美文化差异 英语国家国歌中爱国主义的话语建构
Purity and Doom: on Thomas Hardy’s Tess’s of the d’Urbervilles 从餐桌礼仪看中西文化差异 The Blindness in King Lear 英语专业学生议论文写作中连接词使用情况研究 简爱的双重性格分析
广告英语中双关语的语用功能及其翻译 Irony Art in Orwell’s Animal Farm
《宠儿》女主人公赛斯人物形象分析 西方影视作品中的美国婚俗研究 法国大革命对《西风颂》创作的影响 论“迷惘的一代”－－以海明威为个案 浅析《喜福会》中的母女关系
The Tragedy of Emma In Madame Bovary 在幻想中回归童年──评析《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》
功能对等理论视角下英语言语幽默的翻译—以《老友记》为例
关联理论视角下的文化负载词翻译研究——以《丰乳肥臀》英译本个案为例 以《新时代汉英大辞典》为例析中文谚语英译 艾丽丝•沃克《日用家当》中的人物解读
《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿•考尔菲德精神世界的分析 从《嘉莉妹妹》分析西奥多•莱塞对人性欲望的理解 王熙凤和斯嘉丽的比较
Mother Tongue Influence on the Learning of a Foreign Language 从功能对等理论看中西商务翻译中文化差异导致的不对等翻译 多媒体网络教学和传统教学对大学生情感的影响 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考
从社会习俗角度分析中西方文化差异 88 隐转喻名名复合词的语义分析
General Principles and Features of Legal English Translation 90 中西方传统女权主义思想异同比较——王熙凤与简爱之人物性格对比分析 91 《榆树下的欲望》卡博特的悲剧分析 92 企业网络营销策略分析
英汉文化差异对商标翻译的影响 94 广告中反语现象的关联分析
理想与现实的冲突——《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》新解读
从《悲悼三部曲》看尤金•奥尼尔对古希腊悲剧的继承性超越 97 A Study on Narrative Techniques in A Rose for Emily 98 爱玛人物形象分析
A Study on the Factors Motivating Students’ Speaking in English Class of Junior Middle School 100 英美电视剧中双关语的字幕翻译
刘易斯小说《巴比特》中的都市景观和人物描写分析 102 试析流行文化对美国青少年价值观的影响 103 The Otherization of China in The Woman Warrior 104 论《儿子与情人》中 “花”的象征意义 105 中西方文化背景对理解隐喻的影响
跨文化交际下的中英文禁忌语的对比研究
The Analysis of the Narrative Style in Toni Morrison’s Beloved 108 《纯真年代》中的女性主义
“Terror of the Soul”:On the Gothic Writing Features in Allan Poe’s The Black Cat 110 企业英文简介中的概念语法隐喻分析 111 中英动物习语的跨文化分析
Two Different Images of the Heroines in the Novel the Age of Innocence 113 The Changes of Women’s Status in China and Western Countries 114 精神之光——《到灯塔去》中拉姆齐夫人的人性解析 115 英汉颜色词文化内涵的异同分析 116 流行歌曲歌词中的英汉语码转换研究 117 张爱玲与简奥斯汀的讽刺艺术比较 118 论《卡斯特桥市长》的现实意义 119 撒旦和孙悟空的形象和文化内涵对比
孤独的逃离者——《麦田的守望者》主角霍尔顿的反英雄形象分析 121 An Analysis of Characterization of O-lan in The Good Earth 122 小说《蓝色城堡》中的意象和象征主义 123 论《远离尘嚣》中女主人公的悲剧原因
《榆树下的欲望》中艾比•普特曼悲剧的根源
称呼语的语用分析 — 个案分析：以《傲慢与偏见》中的称呼语为例 126 中式英语的成因及对策分析
从接受美学的角度研究电影名字的翻译
从跨文化角度对品牌名称的研究——以化妆品品牌为例 129 《辛德勒名单》主人公性格分析 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考
从王尔德喜剧中的花花公子形象解读王尔德信奉的纨绔主义 131 英语广告中仿拟的关联分析
The Research of Language Art in English Class 133 对比不同思维方式下事物的中英文描述差异 134 英汉基本颜色词的文化内涵对比研究
通过语境与潜台词解析情景喜剧的幽默——以《老友记》为例 136 从跨文化交际看中西方时间观差异 137 中国和英国传统婚俗差异研究
简析中西方译者翻译《论语》的差异性 139 普通话对英语语音的迁移作用
论关联理论在商业广告翻译中的运用 141 海明威《太阳照样升起》的存在主义表达
论《大卫•科波菲尔》中人物个性与时代背景的关系 143 分析《雾都孤儿》中的讽刺手法
A Brief Analysis of Female Consciousness in Cat in the Rain 145 荒岛主义在《蝇王》中的映射
欧•亨利短篇小说中的美式幽默风格的翻译
On English Film Title Translation from the Perspective of Skopostheorie 148 On Symbolism in The Wizard of Oz 149 从中美非语言差异看国际商务谈判的影响及其对策 150 从“绝望的主妇”看现代女性主义的困惑 151 中英征婚广告对比分析研究 152 外国品牌中译的创新翻译研究
153 《老友记》中言语幽默的修辞学思考
154 从功能翻译理论看《风声》的字幕翻译策略 155 浅析尤金•奥尼尔三部剧作中的女性形象
156 A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Humor 157 Jane Austen’s Opinion towards Marriage in Pride and Prejudice 158 An Analysis of the Problems on Chinese Early Childhood Education 159 从概念隐喻看寓言的语篇连贯
160 中小学辅导机构英语教学模式——一对一教学与小班课堂教学教案的比较分析 161 苔丝形象浅析
162 中英礼貌用语的对比研究
163 论《科利奥兰纳斯》的政治悲剧 164 论价值观对中美商务谈判的影响 165 英语政治委婉语的语用功能
166 从《一个干净明亮的地方》和《老人与海》看虚无主义中的抗争及其发展 167 英文歌曲在提高英语专业学生口语能力方面的作用 168 《百万美元宝贝》中麦琪性格男性化形成原因分析 169 概念隐喻视角下看莎士比亚十四行诗
170 被忽略的人群－－詹姆斯乔伊斯《都柏林人》女性角色分析 171 论外交英语的模糊性
172 从认知的角度看委婉语中隐喻的理解
173 从功能翻译理论看电影《功夫熊猫》的字幕翻译 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考
174 “三美论”观照下的《再别康桥》英译本比较研究 175 浅析跨文化交际中的中英社交称谓 176 汉语请求策略的分析
177 Maintaining and Revitalizing the Native American Languages 178 从《一间自己的房间》看弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫的女性主义 179 Psychological Analysis of Stuttering in The King’s Speech 180 信用证支付方式下进口方面临的风险及其防范 181 试析托尼•莫里森《爱娃》中的魔幻现实主义 182 从跨文化交际视角谈品牌翻译策略
183 功能对等理论视角下《越狱》字幕翻译的研究
184 Gulliver’s Alienation: From an Economic Being to a Political Being 185 《永别了，武器》的意象分析
186 Double Vision in Characterization in The Great Gatsby 187 Bertha Is Jane:A Psychological Analysis of Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre 188 浅析焦虑对英语专业学生英语口语的影响
189 从交际翻译理论看幽默对话翻译——以《老友记》第一季为例 190 文化杂糅背景下的身份诉求——解读奈保尔的《半生》 191 试析海明威《丧钟为谁而鸣》中的人物形象
192 论文化负载词的英译－以鲁迅小说《祝福》的英译本为例
193 解读布莱克的《伦敦》与华兹华斯的《在西敏寺桥上》的诗歌异同 194 道德与归属地的一致性－－《曼斯菲尔德庄园》空间维度分析 195 《嘉莉妹妹》中主要人物的无尽欲望 196 科技英语翻译中的词性转换研究 197 中英文化差异与翻译策略 198 圣经典故的翻译
199 从目的论看《红楼梦》中“狗”习语的翻译 200 从《简爱》看夏洛蒂•勃朗特的女性意识
第二篇：中英文化差异
习俗的分类
文化习俗的类别是很多的，但按照与跨文化交际是否有所联系可
大致分为三类。
第一类，即和话语交际有联系的习俗，主要包括： 姓氏习俗、称谓习俗、问候习俗、引见习俗、称赞习俗、致谢习俗、致歉习俗、拜访习俗、邀请习俗、禁忌习俗和委婉语。
第二类，和非话语交际有联系的习俗，即体态语 第三类，其他习俗，如女士优先，隐私等。
中外文化习俗比较与实际应用习俗是一个民族在特定的历史条件和地理环境中发展和承袭下来 的，是一种文化形态的象征和体现，是一个民族的价值观念、社会心 理和道德传统的反应和体现，同时有助于陶冶情操、规范行为、维系 良好的人际关系。文化习俗在跨文化交际中所处的地位是如此重要，这就要求人们 对其进行一些研究，建立良好的文化习俗差异意识，着重了解一些最 基本的习俗差异,尽量避免引起一些不必要的麻烦或误解。这里我只 择要论述其异同。
一姓氏习俗
① 汉语的姓氏名号中，有单姓、复姓、三字或四字姓之分，以单 数姓居多。英语姓氏中有复姓，但数目极少，主要是单姓。
② 汉语和英语的姓氏中，姓是世代相传的，子女一般承袭父姓。但中国妇女婚嫁后保持本姓，英语国家的已婚妇女一般改随夫 姓。比如Marry Cooper 嫁给了Jim Tailor 那她婚后就叫Marry Tailor.③ 汉语姓氏和英语姓氏体系中，名字都有性别之分。如
Francis 是男名,而Frances 却是女名。
④ 汉语名字的排列顺序和英语正好相反。中国是先姓后名，而英 语国家则相反。
⑤ 在中国，称呼他人名字是一件很敏感的事，忌讳直呼父母或其 他长辈的名字。
二称谓习俗
相同之处：
这两种称谓体系的社会功能都一样，有利于保持、加强、甚至建立各种人际关系。同时，他们都有通称、职务称谓、职业 称谓、姓名称谓、不称等类型。他们都受到性别、年龄、身份、地位等制约。
不同之处：
①汉语中某些亲戚称谓可用于非亲属成员之间。比如汉语 中“阿姨”就可以用于称呼年龄偏大的妇女，而在英语中这种 用法不普遍。
②有时有些称谓语无法在对方称谓语体系中找到相对应的称谓。如英语中“sir”一词，尽管很多人都译成“先生”，实际上它比汉 语中“先生”的含义要广。汉语中“先生”一词大多只用于对大教育 家、大理论家及学者文人的尊称。三问候习俗 相同之处：
1.问候具有相互性。无论在中国还是英语国家，甲问候 了乙，乙必然会做出反应。中国人相见均喜欢用“你好” 来问候对方；而英语国家的人们初次见面大多会说“How do you do?”
2.问候形式受时间、地点、场合、地位、身份等因素影 响。例如“新年好”“新年快乐”只能在一年中的某个特 定时段使用。不同之处：即问候语的表达方式。中国的普通老百姓见了熟人长爱用 “你吃过饭了？”“干什么去？”“你去哪啦”等话来问候 对方。而在英语国家的人看来，这无疑是侵犯个人隐私, 他们通常会用谈天气来问候对方。
四宴客习俗
西方人的饮食观念不同于中国，林语堂先生说，英美人仅以“吃”为 对一个生物的机器注入燃料，只要他们吃了以后能保持身体的结实，足以抵御病菌的感染，其他皆不足道。在西方人眼中，饮食为生存的 必然条件。所以英美国家的饮食文化，尤其是烹饪方面逊色于中国。他们请客时礼貌周全，但缺乏中国人的热情好客，饭菜也比不上中国 的丰盛。中国人以饮食为人生之至乐，所以餐桌上的热闹反映了内心 的欢快。
五隐私
由于受儒教文化的影响，中国人标榜“君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚”，“事无不可与人言”，因此中国人在日常生活中无视自己的隐私，也 不尊重他人隐私。而在英语国家，这是无方想象的。他们认为隐私是 人的基本权利之一。英语国家的人非常注重个人隐私。他们对于年龄、婚姻、收入等都不愿公之于众。但隐私也不是绝对的。对于一些官员、明星而言，是没有隐私权的。
六禁忌习俗
在跨文化交际中,往往会遇到一个十分敏感的问题---禁忌。“禁忌”一 词，国际学术届统称为“塔布”，英语音译“Taboo”.禁忌几乎无处不 在，小至衣食住行，大至政治外交等都有禁忌的身影，故择要加以介 绍。
① 社交禁忌 在英语国家，拜访某人须事先预约，带上一些小礼物，准时拜 访，不可提早拜访，忌突然造访。
② 饮食禁忌（餐桌禁忌）英语国家: 喝汤是忌出声；进餐时，忌狼吞虎咽；用刀叉时忌弄响 水杯，取菜时，刀叉忌出声。进食时，忌口中有食物还说话。餐 毕，刀叉按规矩放好，忌当众剔牙。中国吃饭时忌用筷子敲空 碗；忌把筷子悬空中，眼睛搜索爱吃的菜；忌把筷子插在盛满饭 的碗中；
③ 数字禁忌 “三 ”几乎在所有的东西方国家都受到尊重，被视为神性、尊贵和 吉祥的象征。“四” 在中国，他被视为一个不吉祥大刀数字。由于和“死”同音，车牌号码，电话号码尾数有四的就不欢迎。人们尤其要避开“十四”（谐音“要死”）在英语国家，在选择结婚日子时，人们一般会避 开周四，认为“星期四，运气衰”。“六”在中国是吉祥的数字，意味着顺顺利利，俗话说“六六大顺”。“七”在信仰基督教的国家是吉祥的。因为上帝在七天内创造了万物。“十三”在中国和英语国家都是不吉利的数字。尤其在英语国家，“十 三”可是个令人恐惧的数字
第三篇：浅议英汉文化差异与翻译策略
摘 要：翻译作为跨文化交际的最主要手段之一，是和文化紧密结合在一起 的。翻译活动体现了不同文化之间的交流，同时也揭示了文化差异存在可译性。英汉文化差 异主要表现在宗教文化背景、价值取向、风俗习惯等方面，当文化差异现象在翻译中需要保 留或无法求同时，可以采用直译、意译、阐释、信息的增删等翻译策略。
关键词：文化差异；翻译；可译性
Abstract:As one major means of crosscultural communication, translation is tig htly related to culture.Translation activities reveal the communication between different cultures and show the translatability in cultural differences.The di fferences between English and Chinese cultures are reflected mainly in religious cultural background, value orientation and customs and habits.Translation tech niques such as literal translation, liberal translation, explanation, addition a nd deduction can be applied when the cultural differences need reserving or cann ot be identified in translation.Key words:cultural differences;translation;translatability
翻译作为跨文化交际的重要手段之一，是和文化紧密结合在一起的。而语言 又是与文化相互交叉，相互渗透的——语言作为文化信息的载体，可以突破时空限制，承载 文化信息的多方面内涵［1］。因此，在语际转换中，翻译是译者将一种语言文字所 蕴涵的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动，是一种忠实于原文的再创作，而不是简 单地将词和句进行转移［2］27。从这一点看，翻译是一种具有科学性、创造性的艺 术。但由于各个民族在政治制度、地理环境、风俗习惯、宗教信仰以及文学艺术等方面都存 在文化差异，在翻译过程中如何对待和处理这些文化差异，无论在理论上还是实践上都具有 一定的现实意义。
一、英汉文化差异的主要表现
文化是一种历史现象，每一个社会都有与其相适应的文化。语言是文化 的组成部分，是文化的载体。使用不同语言的民族之间必然存在文化差异，这种文化差异会 造成翻译的困难。英语和汉语在文化内涵上的差异主要表现在以下几个方面：
1.宗教文化背景的差异
欧美人多信基督教，认为世界是上帝创造的，世上的一切都按上帝的旨意安排。“上帝”这 个概念就具有浓重的基督色彩，如果我们不了解这些宗教背景，在翻译时一味地追求文化的 等值，有时就会造成文化的亏损。因此，不同的宗教信仰引起的文化差异在翻译中不容忽视。
中国文化博大精深，源远流长。儒、道、佛是中国的三大宗教，在我国的传统文化中，有道 教的“玉帝”、佛教的“阎王”、还有神话中的“龙王”。其中以佛教对我国的文化影响最 大，不少成语就和佛教相关。例如：苦中作乐、五体投地、现身说法、天花乱坠等。如果译 者不了解宗教文化背景，势必会给翻译带来困难。
2.思维方式和价值取向的差异
英美文化中最重要的价值观念是个人自由，它是一种以个人为基本单元，强调“人人生而平等”的文化。英美文化又被称为“我文化”、“个人价值至上文化”。在这种注重个人尊严 的文化里，权力的重心更多地倾向个体。而中国传统文化里最重要的价值观念是“忠”和“ 孝”，人际交往很注意自我与谈话对象的关系。中国文化又被称为“我们文化”、“集体主 义文化”。例如，中国人常说“四海之内皆兄弟”、“在家靠父母，出门靠朋友”、“仁义 值
千金”、“大树底下好乘凉”等，这都说明中国人常把自己和所谓自家人视为一体并希望 能够在自身以外找到安全之所；而英语谚语中却说“God helps those that help t hemselves”（天助自助者）,“ self is our centre”（自我是我们的核心）,“life is a battle”（生活就是战斗），这些英语谚语都在告诫人们：只有靠自己奋斗，才能 获得成功和安全感。
思维方式的差异本质上是文化差异的表现，长久生活在不同区域的人具有不同的文化特征，因而也形成了不同的思维方式。如东方人偏重人文，注重伦理道德，西方人偏重自然，注重 科学技术；东方人重悟性、直觉、求同、求稳、重和谐，西方人则重理性、逻辑、求异、求 变、重竞争等。不同的思维方式决定了各个民族按照各自不同的方式创造不同的文化，而这 种不同必然要通过文化的载体——语言得以表达。这种思维方式的差异常导致翻译中一些词 语的引申义不同，因此，我们要谨防翻译陷阱。例如：汉语中的“拖后腿”，如直译成英语“pull one's leg”，其意思就变成了“哄骗取笑某人，愚弄某人 ”。再比如，中国人常用“黄色”表示低级趣味、庸俗、猥亵等，但 我们不能看到“yellow boy”，就译成“下流男孩”，因为这 个短语在英语中指的是“金币”。
3.历史、地域、风俗习惯的差异
因为文化具有鲜明的地域性，所以区别于对方的“异质”客观存在，而这种“异质”必然要 通过语言表达出来。如英语中不乏歌颂“西风”的诗篇，而汉语中却常有赞美“东风”的诗 句；英诗多抒写“夏日”之丽，汉诗多描绘“春天”之美。这些都与文化的地域性不无联系。
西方人起源于游牧，与奔马感情深厚，因此，在英语中有大量带“马”的习语，如 “a will horse”（工作认真的人）, “a dead horse”（徒 劳无益的事）,“ ride on the high horse”（盛气凌人）等等。而 中国自古以来 是一个农业大国，成语中很大一部分是农谚，如“众人拾柴火焰高”、“拔苗助长”、“顺 藤摸瓜”等。
英汉民族不同的生活经验和风俗习惯势必造成观察、认识问题的角度、方式和方法的不同。就话题的选择来看，英美人交谈忌讳涉及年龄、收入、婚姻、信仰等有关个人的话题，而中 国人见面就会问“你多大了、结婚了吗、收入怎么样”等问题。再比如，英国人对狗一般都 有好感，常用来比喻人的生活。例如：“top dog”（重要人物）,“ lucky dog”（幸运儿）,“love me, love my dog”（爱屋及乌）等 等。而中国民间虽然有养狗的习惯，但一般在心理上都厌恶鄙视它，常常用它来比喻坏人坏 事，如：狗腿子、狗急跳墙、狗仗人势等。
二、文化差异下的翻译策略
翻译不单纯是两种语言在形式上的转换，还包含两种文化在交流中的 相互渗透和相互兼容。刘宓庆先生［2］20也认为：文化的可译性是由认识的同一性 及语义系统的同构原理和人类思维形式的同一性原理决定的。但同构的相对性及语言的模糊 性决定了文化的可译性是相对的。为此，译者就要采取必要的翻译策略，最大限度地传递文 化信息。
1.直译
直译是指按原来的意义和结构直接把原语的词句转译成译语的词句，即如何在保持原语形式 的同时不让其意义失真［3］。这种方法既可保留原语的民族色彩，又让译语读者能 够接触大量的异族文化，从而丰富目的语的表达方式。如：“条条大路通罗马”，“以眼还眼，以牙还牙”等，都是从英语直译过来并被大家所接受的习语。再比如：将“挥金如土”译为“spending money like dirty”，要比选用现成的英语成语“spending money like water”好，这样 既不影响正确地理解原文含义，又保留了汉语的特点。总之，直译重在忠实原文，从内容到 形式追求最大限度的“信”，但决不等于提倡在翻译中搞形式至上的机械转换。直译可以保 持原文形象生动的比喻，巧妙的手法和独特的民族风格，尤其适用于那些只为某民
族所特有，具有独特文化内涵的词。
2.意译
如直译无法尽显原作风姿或造成目的语读者理解困难，则有必要借助意译。意译是指将别的 民族语言中的无等值物词按照汉语的构词方法和构词成分进行仿照。如将“hold a wolf by ears”译成“骑虎难下”；把“as thick as thieves”译成 “亲密无间”；“put the cart before the horse”译成“ 本末倒置”。反过来，把汉语的“糟糠之妻”译成“the wife who shared her husband's hardships”；“八仙过海，各显其能”译成“ each of us shows his true abilities”等等，都是采用的意译手法。和直译相比，意译更注重意义，忽略细节，要求译文自然流畅。换而言之，直译和意译的关系实际上就 是“形合”和“意合”的关系［3］。
3.音译
音译适用于专有名词（人名、地名等）和一些特殊的文化现象。音译中，汉字已经不表意，只表音。如：“Beatles”是一支60～70年代在英国影响很大的吉他乐队，音译成汉语为“ 披头士”，由这个词我们中国人便可联想到此乐队乐手的形象、风貌。再如：“cool”音译 成汉语“酷”。一个“酷”字把时下年轻人追求新潮、前卫、崇尚与众不同、寻求个性发展 的言行与心态表现的活灵活现。
4.阐释
越是民族色彩浓重的词语和事物、越是作家个性鲜明突出的地方，翻译越是离不开“释”。通过下面两段文字的处理，我们可以看到阐释对文化差异的有效弥补。
①His wife held the purse string.(他的妻子掌管经济大权。)purse st ring是钱袋子,握着钱袋子即掌握着经济大权。
②Since The Book of Poem begins with a poem on wedded love.I thought I w ould begin this book by speaking of my marital relations and then let other matt ers follow.(因思关雎冠三百篇之首，故列夫妇于首卷；余以次递及焉。)译者为使 原 文涵义明朗化，直接解释说明了“关雎”与“三百篇”的关系及其内容，点出了作品的文化 渊源。
5.信息的增删
由于英语和汉语存在差异，在双语转换中，有时为了求得源语与译入语的表达在概念上的一 致，译者常常需要在语言形式上作适当的变通。这既利于突出译文中语言的合理性和规范性，也便于读者认同和接受源语文化。在翻译过程中，这种“变通”具体可体现为信息的增补 与删减。例如：
①It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief，it was the ep och of incredulity.(这是一个隆盛之世，但也是一个衰微之世；这是一个智慧的时代，但 也是一个愚蠢的时代；这是一个有信仰的新纪元，但也是一个充满怀疑的新纪元。)译文中添加了3个“但也是”，成功地反映了原文所描述的种种对比和矛盾，如不做这样的 增补，则无法连接上下文，亦无从再现源语风格。
②It was Friday and soon they would go out and get drunk.(星期五发薪日到 了，他们马上就会出去喝得酩酊大醉。)译文中如不增加“发薪日”，读者往往会产 生迷惑。在英国星期五是发薪日，这里的增补，使得“星期五”具体化，也让文化信息一目 了然。
③In the street below a peddler was crying his wares.(房子下面有个小贩在 沿 街叫卖。)译文中略去“他的货物”几个字，不但无损原文的语义，而且更生动的再 现了源语中的情形。
④ „because he used to lend money to people in distress, and would neve r take any interest for the money he lent„(因为他常常借钱给那些有急难的人，从来 不要利钱。)译文中将原句末尾处的介词短语连同其中的定语从句通通略去，仅用一 个“利钱”与之对应，简练地传
达了源语的语义和风格。
由此可见，要做好传译，译者必须时时牢记信息增删的目的，并以之为准绳，认真对照两种 语言，发挥主观能动性，该增则增，该减则减。同时，还要协调好信息增补与删减之间的关 系，掌握好“度”的问题，决不能无中生有或随意舍弃。
三、结语
综上所述，汉英两种语言产生于不同的文化背景，承载不同的文化，这就必然导致两种语言 在表达方式上存在诸多相异之处。要处理好翻译中的文化差异问题，译者除了要具备对两种 文化的领悟、感应能力以及对两种语言的实际运用能力外，还要不断提高自身文化修养，努 力使自己具备原作者所具有的理想、感情和意境。作为构筑文化交流桥梁的译者，要根据不 同的情况，采取灵活的翻译策略，克服中西方文化差异造成的障碍，做到既尊重别国文化，也尊重本国文化，使译文尽可能达意、传神，从而达到跨文化交际的目的。
参考文献：
［1］李源.英汉文化差异与语言翻译初探［J］.云南师范大学学报:哲学社 会科学版，1998(2):78-82.［2］刘宓庆.当代翻译理论［M］.北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1999.［3］孙晶.直译、意译翻译与归化、异化［J］.齐齐哈尔医学院学报，2007（3）:3 36-337.
第四篇：中英饮食文化差异(中英双语)
Cultural differences between Chinese and Western food 中西方饮食文化的差异
The ancients say: In the development of human society, the national diet also gradually formed its own unique culture.Different regions, different eating habits in different diet contributed to the different diet culture.The differences between Chinese culture and western diet culture created the difference, the difference between different from the way of thinking and philosophy.“Nature and humanity” to the Chinese and western “people-oriented”.From the following five aspects are here to talk about the western diet culture differences..古人云：民以食为天。在人类社会的发展中，各国的饮食也逐渐形成了自己独特的文化。不同的地区有着不同的饮食习惯，不同的饮食习惯造就了不同的饮食文化。中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。这里简要从下面五个方面谈谈中西方饮食文化的差异。
A, Chinese and western culture中西饮食文化(a)the Chinese diet culture中国的饮食文化
China has a history of more than 5000 years, formed the can Bad rich and profound Chinese culture.Chinese note Heavy “unity”.The Chinese diet with food, with things.Ideographic
Feeling.The Chinese diet culture surprising, reward Heart pleasing to the eye.This is pleasing to the eye, refers to the activities of the Chinese diet The content and means to perfect and unified, caused by people The aesthetic pleasure and mental enjoyment.中国有着五千多年的历史，形成了灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化。中国人注重“天人合一”。中国饮食以食表意，以物传情。中国的饮食文化令人拍案叫绝，赏心悦目。这种悦目，是指中国饮食活动形成与内容的完美统一，是指给人们所带来的审美愉悦和精神享受。
China's traditional diet has four features: 中国的传统饮食有四大特点： 1 heavy food: the ancients had “saying” Said.Meet often ask “ate no”, the diet culture Status.To have friends clutch, and people are used On the table and welcome the farewell party express mood.emotional The storm, people often borrow tables.This is the drink Feed on social psychological activity adjustment function.1．重食：古人就有“民以食为天”之说。见面常问“吃了没有”，可见饮食文化的地位。朋友离合，送往迎来，人们都习惯在饭桌上表达惜别和欢迎的心情。感情上的**，人们也往往借酒菜平息。这是饮 食活动对社会心理的调节功能。2 “grain weight raises:” keep “six dirty,” diet
Attention human health care.The Chinese diet attention to various The collocation of food, such XiangShengXiangKe cournties, Yin Yang formula rational knowledge instruction cooking.2．重养：以“五谷”养“六脏”，饮食中重视人体养生保健。中国的饮食注意各种食物的搭配，以相生相克、相辅相成等阴阳调和之理性认识指导烹饪。heavy flavour: Chinese food is the most attention to the food's Flavour, exquisite “color, aroma, taste and appearance”.Dr.Sun yat-sen “Don't taste, divides the cooking of bad”, aesthetic The first meaning for cooking.3．重味：中国的饮食最注重食物的味，讲究“色、香、味、型”。孙中山先生讲“辩味不精，则烹调之述不妙”，将审美视作烹调的第一要义。weighs about the emotional activities: diet And a guide and promote the grade.China Advocate healthy diet culture, graceful upwards Attune, the pursuit of a noble sentiment.4．重理：对于饮食活动中的情感文化，有个引导和提升品位的问题。中国的饮食提倡健康优美、奋发向上的文化情调，追求一种高尚的情操。
(2)the diet culture in western countries西方国家的饮食文化 The main characteristic is western-style food: one is born.If
Steak with bloodshot, 2 is cold, who drinks like ice Block, Three is sweet, sweet, eat not eat not sweet.Besides the Type, fine food, fast and convenient, also don't Luxury, more popular.西式餐饮的主要特点是：一是生．如牛排带血丝；二是冷，如凡是饮料都加冰块；三是甜，无甜不餐，无餐不甜。此外西式餐饮不讲究精细，追求快捷方便，也不奢华，比较大众化。
Besides western-style still following features: 此外西餐还有以下显著特点： the importance of nutrition ingredient combinations, root According to various human nutrition(carbohydrate, fat, protein, dimension Raw meat)and heat to arrange the demand and processing cooking.1．重视各类营养成分的搭配组合，根据人体对各种营养(糖类、脂肪、蛋白质、维生素)和热量的需求来安排菜或加工烹调。2 fine materials, materials.In western cuisine When the material is very delicate, elegant, and the material is very wide Pan.If American cuisine dishes or rice production common fruit, Sweet;carry salty, Italian food will be made of pasta Into strips and various dishes: can be made to spend noodles, and beauty Flavor table delicacies.2．选料精细，用料广泛。西餐烹饪在选料时十分精细、考究，而且
选料十分广泛。如美国菜常用水果制作菜肴或饭点，咸里带甜；意大利菜则会将各类面食制作成菜肴：各种面片、面条、面花都能制成美 味的席上佳肴。exquisite taste seasoning, variety.West polonium is cooking Different from the dressing mostly Chinese, such as sour cream, guangxi Leaf, lemon, etc are common spices.3．讲究调味，调味品种多。西镤烹调的调味品大多不同于中餐，如酸奶油、桂叶、柠檬等都是常用的调味品。notice colour and lustre.The collocation of colour and lustre is in pay Contrast, lively, bright color, can stimulate appetite.4．注重色泽。在色泽的搭配上则讲究对比、明快，因而色泽鲜艳，能刺激食欲。
5, cooking method variety.Western ten Points to process, pay attention to scientific and programmed, work Sequence.Western food cooking methods, many are Fried, stewed, baking, frying, braised, fans, fume, grilled etc, One grilled, bake, most fans.5．工艺严谨，烹调方法多样。西餐十分注重工艺流程，讲究科学化、程序化，工序严谨。西餐的烹调方法很多，常用的有煎、烩、烤、焖、煽、炸、熏、铁扒等十几种，其中铁扒、烤、煽最具特色。vessels.Cook the cooker and tableware are there Different from Chinese characteristics.Especially the tableware, except
porcelain Product, crystal, glass and metal cutlery was Large proportion.6．器皿讲究。烹调的炊具与餐具均有不同于中餐的特点。特别是餐具，除瓷制品外，水晶、玻璃及各类金属制餐具占很 大比重。
Second, the western diet reasons for the differences
二、中西方饮食产生差异的原因
(a)the western diet culture origin(一)中西方饮食文化的渊源 Chinese traditional culture in the social development and thought, The differences in life custom, etc, the west diet Cultural differences.中西方在社会发展、传统文化思想、生活习俗等方面的差异，造就了中西饮食文化的差异。China traditional culture.By early Chinese culture Richard environment restraint greatly.China is located in the Asian continent In the vast desert northwest is, grassland and Wall is boundless, southeast of the sea.The Chinese culture The Yellow River bedfrom table variety of dishes will not
Difficult to see.This value concept formed between Chinese food Too much notice food color, fragrance, taste, while the westerners Throughout persisted from nutrition is Angle, contempt Other functions of food.西方是一种理性饮食观念，不论食物的色、香、味、形如何，力求口味清淡和膳食的均衡。西方人认为饮食只是一种手段，因而享受在饮食中并不占重要位置，故而不会过分地追求口味。对于烹饪食物，营养性就是他们的出发点和目的地。他们全力开发和研究食物在不同状态下的营养差异，即便口味千篇一律，也一定要吃下去—— 因为有营养。在宴席上，可以讲究餐具，讲究用料，讲究服务，讲究菜 之原料的形、色，方面的搭配；但不管怎么豪华高档，菜只有一种味道，无艺术可言，作为菜肴，鸡就是鸡，牛排就是牛排，纵然有搭配，那也是在盘中进行的，色彩上对比内鲜明，但在滋味上各种原料互不相干，调和。各是各的味，简单明了。然而，中国人却是一种感性饮食观念。中国人很重视“吃”。人们把吃的功能发挥到极致，不仅维持生存，还用它维持健康，即“药补不如食补”；同时人们对美味展开了孜孜不倦的追求。而美味的产生，在于调和，要使食物的本味，加热以后的熟味，加上配料和辅料的味，以及调料的调和之味，交织融合协调在一起，使之互相补充，互助渗透。可见，在中国的饮食文化中，对“味”的追求往往大于对“营养”的追求，饮食的美性追求显然压倒了理性——从餐桌上各式各样的菜色中就不难看出。这种价值理念的差别形成了中餐过分注重饭菜色、香、味的特点，而西方人则自始
至终坚持着从营养角度出发，轻视饭菜的其他功能。
Four, the western diet differences
四、中西方饮食方式的差异(a)sat forms of differences(一)就坐形式的差异 In the American diet is very different, this way Difference of national character may also be affected.In China's feast Mat, everybody, sharing a circle round table.With round table Table, it is in the form of a unity, polite, The atmosphere of interest.The people, make a toast, advised Food, beautiful things in front, reflected between people Mutual respect, the comity of virtue.Although the Angle from health J management observation, February 2009 See, this way has obvious deficiency, but It meets our national “happy”.The banquet catering western-style, is the core of companionship, Through the conversation between the guest and the neighbour, achieve companionship Purpose.If the party's companionship and dance similarities Ratio.Then say, Chinese style banquets like ballroom dancing, But men and women are like banquet of dancing.thus Visible, Chinese and western dinner party companionship
Obviously, only Chinese style of party reflected morely At the feast, and banquet more fellowship in phase The neighbors asked guests fellowship.And the way of the Chinese diet The difference is more obvious of popular western buffet.You need not fixed in the table, eat, About freedom, this way for individuals Feeling, not all will communicate the word, also In the west of self respect individuality,.but The dinner, the lack of mutual interfered some Chinese Chat.Jihs huan 中美方的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。在中国的宴席，大家团团围坐，共享一席。筵席要用圆桌，这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。人们相互敬酒、相互让菜、劝菜，在美好的事物面前，体现了人们之间相互尊重、礼让的美德。虽然从卫生的角度J 管理观察·2009年2月看，这种饮食方式有明显的不足之处，但它符合我们民族“大团圆”的普遍心态。西式饮宴上，宴会的核心在于交谊，通过与邻座客人之间的交谈，达到交谊的目的。如果将宴会的交谊性与舞蹈相类比。那么可以说，中式宴席好比是集体舞，而西式宴会好比是男女的交谊舞。由此可见，中式宴会和西式宴会交谊的目的部很明显，只不过中式宴会更多地体现在全席的交谊，而西式宴会多体现于相邻宾客之问的交谊。与中国饮食方式的 差异更为明显的是西方流行的自助餐。大家各取所需，不必固定在位
子上吃，走动自由，这种方式便于个人之间的情感交流，不必将所有的话摆在桌面上，也表现了西方人对个性、对自我的尊重。但各吃各的，互不相扰，缺少了一些中国人聊欢共乐的情调。(2)the differences in eating tools用餐工具的差异 Chinese use chopsticks, dining, eat A bowl with rice bowls, While the westerners are dish, with food Dao is cut eat, drink soup spoon is special.The knife The origin and early European ancient nomads habits They live close to carry knives, often cooked meat, Cut down to eat.Chinese early in the spring and autumn and warring states period Using chopsticks.Chopsticks is the human finger Stretch, finger can do it almost all can do, and fear Heat and cold.Chinese use chopsticks to replace table knife Fork, reflected in a culture hero scholar than the advantage Western savage warriors.A pair of chopsticks and ~ ~ ~ zhang to taste Mouth is made with Chinese characteristics, abound the diet culture.中国人用餐使用的是筷子，汤匙，吃饭用碗盛；而西方人则是盘子盛食物，用刀即切即吃，喝汤则有专门的汤匙。刀的最初起源和欧洲古代游牧民族的生活习惯有关，他们马上生活随身带刀，往往将肉烧熟，割下来就吃。中国人早在春秋战国时期就开始使用筷子。筷子可说是人类手指的延伸，手指能做的事它几乎都能做，而且不怕高温与寒冷。
中国以筷子取代餐桌上的刀叉，反映了学者以文化英雄的优势胜过了西方的野蛮武士。～双筷子和～张要滋味的嘴巴造就了富于中国特色的饮食文化。
(3)dining way就餐方式的差异 Usually a Chinese dinner is a meal “Sharing” the way, Shared a table, sharing the table The dishes, often a dish, just in the master Yin Hello, they frequently collaborate together.“ In the end, the bill is to pay.all To emphasize the outstanding is a ”close“ word.By the influence of individualism thought, westerners please The habit of eating guest is an a person, and each object Since some of their own food, need not consider others taste and 1 Preferences, meals and eat their dinner, pay Also often take AA system, each one pays the bill 通常中国人请客吃饭采取的是一种“共享”的方式，大家共享一席，共享桌上的菜肴，往往一道菜刚上桌，在主人的殷勤招呼下，众人通力合作，共同“消灭”盘中之物，最后结账也是争相付钱。一切行为都强调突出的是一个“合”字。而受个人主义思想的影响，西方人请客吃饭的习惯是每人一份，且主客双方各自点自己的饭菜，不必考虑他人的1：3味和喜好，用餐时也只吃自己的盘中餐，付钱也往往采取AA制，各人自付各人账。
Five, Chinese and western restaurants object variances
五、中西餐饮对象差异
(a)catering object variances(一)餐饮对象差异 Westerners believe that food is to eat, so special Big meat, chicken block ”food“.But Chinese dishes ”Eat flavour“, so the Chinese cooking in the material also A great many westerners as arbitrary outcast In China, is a good raw material, foreign chef Unable to handle things, to a Chinese chef hands, just Can decayed for magical.Chinese food in reading materials Aspect of the arbitrary.西方人认为菜肴是充饥的，所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”。而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的，所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性：许多西方人视为弃物的东西，在中国都是极好的原料，外国厨师无法处理的东西，一到中国厨师手里，就可以化腐朽为神奇。足见中国饮食在用料方面的随意性之广博。
According to the investigation of the western, Chinese scholars plants The plants are more than 600 many western six times.actual In Chinese, the dishes, vegetarian food is ordinary, Volunteers only during the holiday or higher living standards，Enter the normal diet, so has he Food, ”said, dish in normal diet of god Guiding status.Chinese food in plants, and Buddhism ACTS of thousands of advocating a wire connection.Million, They move For a “living”, and “spirit” is, therefore, some Chinese advocates vegetarianism.据西方的植物学者的调查，中国人吃的菜蔬有600多种，比西方多六倍。实际上，在中国人的菜肴里，素菜是平常食品，荤菜只有在节假目或生活水平较高时，才进入平常的饮食结构，所以自古便 菜食”之说，菜食在平常的饮食结构中占主导地位。中国人的以植物为主菜，与佛教徒的鼓吹有着千缕万丝的联系。他们视动物为“生灵”，而植物则“无灵”，所以，有些中国人主张素食主义。
Westerners in their countries diet is introduced In China, more than when the reasonable nutrition value is tie-in, The food industry has developed, such as fast, canned, Although taste, but saves time machine-made, and nutrition So small.Someone according to the western diet object obvious difference This is a different characteristics, the Chinese character, the west is called plants
Fang called animal character.西方人在介绍自己国家的饮食特点时，觉得比中国更重视营养的合理搭配，有较为发达的食品工业，如罐头、快餐等，虽口味千篇一律，但节省时间，且营养良好小。有人根据中西方饮食对象的明显差异这一特点，把中国人称为植物性格，西方人称为动物性格。(2)three meals a day diet 一日三餐的饮食差异 Chinese food is usually eat breakfast should be Man First, DouBao, porridge, etc., and appropriately increase some protein Qualitative rich foods, such as soybean milk, eggs, match again with a Small dishes.Lunch is usually in rice, noodles food In an arbitrary choice.Types of food is very extensive, such as: Meat, eggs, milk, poultry and seafood and vegetables, bean Etc.Dinner in the family meals were the only people together Enjoy the meal, tianlun everybody cook very rich.but Chinese is not eat supper, and one day as the habit Follow the three meals a day habit.中国人的早餐是以主食一般应吃馒头、豆包、稀饭等，还要适当增加些含蛋白质丰富的食物，如豆浆、鸡蛋等，再配以一些小菜。午餐一般主食就是在米饭、面制
品中任意选择。副食品的种类很广泛，如：肉、蛋、奶、禽类、豆制品类、海产品、蔬菜类等。晚餐全家三餐中唯一的大家相聚共享天伦，这一餐大家都煮得非常丰富。但是中国人没有吃夜宵的习惯，而且一天遵循的是一日三餐的习惯。
While the westerners breakfast with bread and milk, eggs, Juice, cereal, coffee, sausage, etc.Lunch In the work place in fast food, general sandwiches, fruit, Coffee, hamburgers, hot dogs, etc.Dinner is dinner, comparison Great, like steak, Fried chicken, roast pork, etc, match Packet, butter, vegetables, fruits, snacks, etc.American restaurant is More generally, fast food and supply buffet supper(fixed Rice), the meal of the meal, various forms of price general than Relatively cheap, also can order, order the highest prices.they Sleep is the habit of snack, adult with fruit, candy Fruit is given priority to, child is milk and cookies.weekend Or holidays, many families eat only two meal.They will be early Eat lunch for a merger and called brunch.而西方人的早餐以面包、牛奶、鸡蛋、果汁、麦片、咖啡、香肠等为主。午餐一般在工作地点用快餐，一般有三明治、水果、咖啡、汉堡包、热狗等。晚餐是正餐，比较丰盛，如牛排、猪排、烤肉、炸鸡
等，配面包、黄油、青菜、水果、点心等。美国餐馆很多，一般供应自助餐、快餐、特餐(固定份饭)、全餐等各种形式的餐饮，价格一般比较低廉，也可点菜，点菜价格最高。他们在临睡前有吃点心的习惯，成人以水果、糖果为主，孩子则食用牛奶和小甜饼。周末或假日，许多家庭只吃两顿饭。他们将早餐和午餐合并为一顿，称为早午餐。Total“ Food and Chinese food, is a kind of diet culture, Is the inevitable cultural exchanges and communication will have different, though The social history, different ethnic culture and different Domain features, the western diet, but different background Essentially, the connotation of ”eat" will not because these Differences and change, exquisite varieties, nutrient balance, build With reasonable, pay attention to health has become the western diet science The consensus, this is the western diet culture exchange fusion most An important foundation, only, just can understand, and communication May develop.a总 结
西餐与中餐一样，是一种饮食文化，是文化必然就会有传播和交流，尽管不同的社会历史，不同的民族文化和不同的地域特征，造就中西方迥异的饮食背景，但从本质上讲，“吃”的内涵并不会因为这些差异而改变，讲究品种多样，营养平衡，搭配合理，重视健康已成为中西方饮食科学的共识，这是中西方饮食文化交流融合最重要的基础，只有交流，才可能了解，才有可能发展。
第五篇：中英颜色词的文化差异与翻译(英文翻译版)
The cultural differences of color words between English and ChineseTranslation
Abstract: Red, white, black three color words have similarities in associative meaning, Chinese culture and Western culture in the symbolic meaning and semantics, and there are also differences, with the common, confusing phrases and idioms translation, let people know the importance of color words in English and Chinese in two cultures.Keywords: color words;symbolic meaning;cultural difference;idiom Color is closely related with human life, we every hour and moment is not in dealing with color.Represents various color words embody national cultural features of English and Chinese culture is different, the performance of different national “personality”, with significant cultural stigma.The same color words often contain different symbolic significance.Therefore, correctly grasp the deep meaning of color words in the two languages and the correct translation, master the vocabulary and idioms in the English language, has a role can not be ignored in cross-cultural communication.This paper focuses on three color words: red(red), white(white), black(black), it is in the two languages of English and Chinese language and culture differences be explained, and some common translation and confusable vocabulary and idioms, for English learners.一.RED Whether in China or in western countries, often live with festive red Move on, but in China the symbolic meanings of red more strongly.Red symbolizes celebration, successful, thriving, warm, such as “full house”, “good”, “fire”.Chinese traditional wedding tone mainly in red, the bride wearing red clothes, cover red hijab, a red candle, with red hi word, a faction be bursting with happiness.In the Anglo-American countries, the bride dressed in white wedding dress, wearing a white wedding dress.“Red” stands for “fire” in British and American culture, “blood”, “agression”, “excitement”, “Rage”, “violence”, such as “seered”, “red-handed”, “a red battle” is reminiscent of violence and bloodshed.Red in China is also a symbol of revolution, such as “red”, “be both red and expert”, while in English often pejorative meaning, with “red”, “radical left.”, Such as “red belt”, “red activities”.Red in Chinese also refers to people who favor or boss, such as “red”, “popular”;A joint-stock enterprises at the end of the year profits distributed to shareholders in economic terms, such as “bonus”, “bonus”, While in English refers to economic or business often have “deficit”, “loss” meaning, such as “be in the red”, “red ink”.Red refers to the color, has the same meaning in English and Chinese, refer to the “red”, “black”, “red” and other means, can be used as adjectives and nouns.It refers to the traffic, with “red” in English and chinese.1.And “red” the relevant vocabulary, idioms and English to Chinese language 1)红白喜事———weddings and funerals
China known as the wedding for weddings, funerals for the funeral, and Anglo-American countries marriage funeral custom is different, So it should not be directly translated into “red and white happyoccasions” in translation, or foreigners will be terrified.2)红娘———go-between/match-maker “Matchmaker” Yuan drama “the West Chamber” heroine.Yingying's maid, she contributed to urge YingYing and Zhang Sheng binding, then folk is known as “matchmaker” eager to others marriage, not a name.3)红粉;红颜———a young beauty Both the beauty, corresponding to the English “red” can't, Wu Weiye of the Qing Dynasty “round”: “six Army Song wail with white mourning dress, red crown anger as a confidante.” Chinese old beautiful woman die or be married to a bad husband is beautiful, often have “since ancient times, confidante much”.So in the translation should adopt free translation, avoid direct translation of color.For example, 红颜薄命译为“a beautiful girl has an unfortunate life”。
4)《红楼梦》———The Story of the Stone
“A dream of Red Mansions” also known as “stone”.A dream of Red Mansions in Chinese refers to the magnificent buildings, the old often refers to a rich woman.Many people directly translated into “A Dream of the Red Mansion”, but the British translator David Hawks in translation is not to take the literal translation, but taking into account the “differences in English and Chinese culture, according to red” translate “a dream of Red Mansions” alias “stones”.5)红本———memorials to the throne read and written in red by Chinese emperors The Ming Dynasty eunuch Liu Jin dictatorship, the memorial has two copies, a name for the emperor's white, a fine-sounding name red this to Liu Jin, but later until the Qing Dynasty, almost by Emperor Zhupi is red.Such as take the words too literally, directly translated into “red book”, will let the Anglo-American countries were considered to be a cover for the red book, and misunderstand the meaning.6)红尘———the world of mortals;human society Buddhism, Taoism and other known world to red, so in the translation should be the translation of the true meaning of.7)红豆———love pea Wang Wei “Acacia” poem: “health and southern red beans, spring a few branches.Take home an armful, for my sake, as a symbol of our love.In China, red is used to symbolize love or love, so in the translation should adopt free translation can play a vivid effect.8)满堂红———all-round victory;success in every field In the translation of this phrase should adopt free translation, translation of red in Chinese means ”victory, the success of“ symbolic significance.9)红榜———honour roll
In the translation of ”honor roll“ also should adopt free translation, translation of the ”red“ ”victory in the Chinese language, the symbolic meaning of success“, not the literal translation.10)红利———extra dividend;bonus
Chinese in the ”dividend“ means a part of the dividend, ”red“ is not a color, not the ”red“ in English, the translator should adopt free translation.11)红运———good luck
”Good luck“ means good luck, the translator should adopt free translation.12)红糖———brown sugar
Here the ”red“ instead of ”red“ in English translation, this is the expression of English and Chinese color misalignment.13)红茶———black tea
Lbid.14)红得发紫———extremely popular
The word ”red“, with the color ”purple“, in order to translate the true meaning, should not use literal translation and free translation, color, in order to reach to a proper extent to express the true meaning of the word.15)又红又专———both socialist-minded and vocationally proficient
”Be both red and expert“ is used to describe the advanced sex revolution, so the translation should be the translation of the Chinese characteristics.2.And ”red“ relevant vocabulary, idioms and their translation in English 1)be in the red———亏损;赤字
In English ”red“ not only means ”red“ color, with ”deficit“ in terms of economic or business, ”loss“ and other means, the commonly used ”in the red“, ”red ink“ said, so the translator should grasp the correct meaning of the word, in order to avoid mistranslation.2)red-ball———(美俚)货运快车;铁路特快货车
”Red-ball“ is not a Chinese ”red“, but ”express“, namely the express freight train;railway express freight.3)red ink———赤字;亏损;亏空状态
”Red ink“ in English refers to the accounting records of Central Plains debit or loss of red ink balance, interpreted as ”deficit;loss;the red.“.For example: The company went into red ink last year.(去年那家公司处于亏空状态。)4)red-blooded———精力充沛的;健壮的;(作品)充满紧张情节的
Although the ”red“ and ”blood“, but ”red-blooded“ does not refer to red blood, not bleeding.For example: Tom is a red-blooded American boy.(汤姆是个精力充沛的美国男孩。)
5)roll out the red carpet———表示热忱而隆重的欢迎和接待
The English ”red carpet“ refers to the red carpet to welcome the distinguished guests, extension of the said warmly and grand welcome and reception.For example: We rolled out the carpet for the President of the United States when he visited our country.(美国总统访问我国时, 我们以隆重的礼仪欢迎他。)6)see red———火冒三丈;气得要命
The translation must not take the words too literally understanding of ”see red“, this word is derived from the Spanish Matador with red cloth provoke bulls to madness, we used an analogy to ”fly into a rage for some reason or circumstance, mad“.For example: I see red whenever I hear that man' s name.(我一听到那人的名字, 便火冒三丈。)7)red eye———廉价、质劣的威士忌
”Red eye“ is not a Chinese ”red eye“ or ”pinkeye“, but also refers to a kind of cheap, poor quality of the source whiskey, whisky on the people, the eyes will be redness.For example: We drank a lot of red eye when I was in college.(在大学念书的时候, 我们喝了许多廉价威士忌。)8)red-handed———在犯罪现场被捕
Whether in English or Chinese, red has the meaning of ”blood“, or the color.The murderer bloodstained hands called ”red hands“.For example: The murder was caught red-handed, the gun still in his hand.(杀人犯当场被捕了, 枪还抓在他手里。)9)red-letter day———值得纪念的/有特殊意义的/喜庆的日子
Whether in China or in western countries, holiday or Sunday, calendar the date on are printed on the red, a happy happy day.It was one of the red-letter days of my life.(这是我一生中值得纪念的吉日之一。)10)red-pencil———修改;校订;检查;删除
Much of the truth about the massacre was red-pencilled.(关于屠杀的真相大部分经审查删剪了。)11)paint the town red———(俚语)饮酒作乐;狂欢庆祝
They decided they would paint the town red after winning so much money by gambing on the horses.(赌马赢得了那么多钱, 他们决定狂欢庆祝一下。)12)red tape———繁文缛节;拖拉费时的繁琐手续
”Red tape“ means ”to bind documents with red“ with the old, now known as the ”unnecessary and overelaborate formalities;hauling cumbersome procedures and time-consuming“.For example: He gets things done by cutting through the bureaucratic red tape.(他能避开官僚的繁文缛节把事情迅速办好。)13)red flag———(用作危险信号或停止信号的)示警红旗;易爆危险品旗;激怒因素;引人冒火的事
In Chinese, ”red flag“ is the symbol of the revolution, the symbol of progress, advanced, but ”red flag“ in British and American culture is refers to ”red flag“ and other means.For example: When your mother raises her voice, remember it is always a red flag and you' d better shut your mouth.(当你妈妈提高嗓门时, 记得那是危险信号, 你最好少说话。)14)red herring———转移注意力的东西或话题
Mentioning adult education in a discussion on decolonization is a complete red herring.(在讨论非殖民化时谈成人教育, 这全是转移注意力的闲扯。)15)red cap———红帽子;搬运工
”Red cap“ in addition to the red hat, in American English also refers to ”the airport or railway station“.For example: When I arrived at the airport, a red cap helped me with my heavy luggage.(当我到达机场时, 一名搬运工来帮我提沉重的行李。)
二.WHITE
Chinese traditional culture is heavy red bogey white, white and death, the funeral linked, such as ”red funeral“ in the ”white“ refers to the funeral.The traditional funeral in white tone, with white to mourn.And in the Anglo-American culture, ”white“ stands for ”purity“, ”chastity“, ”innocence“, ”happiness“, ”Brightness“ meaning.As Chinese traditional heavy red, British and American wedding in white color, the bride wore a white wedding dress, to symbolize the purity of love and marriage, happiness.Chinese in the ”white“ with ”clear;see“ meaning, such as ”unrighted wrong“;”blank;no results;in vain;free;no pay“ meaning, such as ”white boiling water“, ”in vain“, ”eat“;and ”error;statement“ accent to say the drama, such as ”white“, ”monologue“ etc..The implication is that in English ”white“ does not have.And the English ”white“ can also refer to a ”white“, ”upright;honest“ meaning, but the Chinese ”white“ is not the meaning of.But the color in Chinese culture and Western culture also has some of the same point: with ”pure(purity)“, ”innocent(innocence)symbolic meaning, such as“ Chinese ”flawless white jade“, ”innocent“, the English ”a white soul“;in the aspect of politics, have ”the reactionary;counter-revolutionary“ symbolic meaning;refers to the color, the two cultures with similar colors, such as the Chinese ”Snow White“, the English ”Snow White“;in the two cultures are doctors and nurses wear color hospital, a symbol of their work is pure and noble, such as ”doctor“, ”angel in white“ has been accepted by the whole world culture.1.And the ”white“ relevant vocabulary, idioms and English to Chinese language 1)白璧无瑕———flawless white jade;spotless virtue
”Flawless white jade“ refers to the beauty of triclosan net work, metaphor of people or things without the shortcomings, as a ”white jade“.So in the translation should pay attention to the word is the original meaning and extended meaning, such as the former is translated into ”flawless white jade“;if the latter is translated into ”spotless virtue“ or ”impeccable moral integrity“.2)白菜———Chinese cabbage
”Chinese cabbage“ also known as ”cabbage“, ”cabbage“, commonly known as ”vegetables“, similar to the cabbage, but is not the same, should be translated into ”Chinesecabbage“, to show the difference between.3)白藏———autumn;fall
”Er Ya Shi“: ”autumn of white Tibetan“, it should be translated as ”autumn“ or ”fall“.4)白丁———the common people
”Private“ refers to the ”civilian;not fame“, translation should be taken to avoid the.5)白痴———idiot;fool
It refers to ”a kind of“ the most severe mental retardation, equivalent to the English ”idiot“, ”fool“ means.6)白费———to lose;to waste;to be in vain
”Waste“, ”waste“, ”waste“ refers to ”waste;useless“, has nothing to do with the ”white“ color, corresponding to the English ”white“ can not, the translator should adopt free translation.7)白银———silver
The ancient Chinese called silver yellow white, ”white“ refers to the ”silver“.8)白马王子———prince charming
”Prince Charming“ refers to ”the girl love ideal young man“, and ”Prince Charming“ in English means ”married Cinderella and the prince;the ideal of marriage, both men“ is the corresponding.9)白手起家———to rise in life by one' s own efforts;to start from scratch
This idiom means ”no economic basis or in poor condition and create a career“, so the translation cannot translate the color, because the ”white“ refers to the ”empty-handed or manual“, rather than ”the white hand“.10)白字———wrongly written or mispronounced character
White is not white, but refers to ”mistakes or read the wrong word or character“.11)白话———vernacular
The vernacular Chinese(Mandarin)refers to a written language, such as the vernacular Chinese, vernacular fiction, and regardless of color, can not use the ”white“ in English translation.When the vernacular means ”can not be achieved or not according to the words“, such as ”empty talk“, should be translated into ”noncence“.12)白描———a kind of Chinese outline drawing;the simple, straightforward style of writing
Baimiao refers to the techniques of Chinese painting.It originated from the ancient ”white painting“, also refers to a style of literary creation, with concise text, without contrast, depict a vivid image.Translation note around.13)白战———fight unarmed
White and unarmed combat, no weapons, no white war.14)白头偕老———live to ripe old age in conjugal bliss;remain a devoted couple to the end of their lives
This idiom means ”couples living together to the old“ married ”a harmonious union lasting a hundred years, common in the eulogy;said of a couple“, ”bald“ does not mean ”white head“, it means ”old“.15)白开水———plain boiled water
”No tea or other things of boiling water“, not ”white“ boiling water, translation without the white color.16)白衣天使———nurse ”Angel in white“ is the nurse of the name, ”doctor“ is on the doctor's name, so the translation of ”nurse“ and ”doctor“ on the line.2.And ”white“ the relevant vocabulary, idioms and their translation in English 1)white alert———解除空袭警报
International air raid alarm is divided into three kinds, namely ”yellow alert“, ”Red Alert“ and ”white alert“ refer to ”yellow alert“, ”warning“ and ”the all-clear“.2)white book———白皮书
”White book“ refers to the ”government, Parliament and other published political, diplomatic, financial and other major issues of files, this is the white“, ”white paper“ has been accepted by the people.3)white coffee———加牛奶的咖啡
Coffee milk color looks better than the original light, so the English called ”white coffee“.4)white collar———白领
The ”white collar“ directly translated as ”white-collar“ has been accepted by the people, it refers to the mental work white-collar class.5)white elephant———累赘的东西
”White elephant“ does not refer to the elephant, but refers to the ancient king of Thailand to ”white elephant“ to give out the retainer, can not sell, raise it and spend a lot of money story, later described it as useless but not any treatment, and the need for money or labor to management and maintenance.For example: 6)white feather———怯懦;胆小鬼
Don't put the ”white feather“ translated into ”white feather“, Old English think tail minister Bai Yumao cockfighting is improved, and not good fight, to a man of cowardice or coward.7)white goods———家用白色织物;大型家用电器
The Anglo-Americans sheets, pillowcases, tablecloths colour mostly white;their household appliances are mostly white.8)white-haired/headed boy———得宠儿;幸运儿 9)white hands———清白无辜;廉正;诚实
The phrase is not a white hands, but the metaphor of ”innocent;integrity;honesty“.10)white hope———被寄予厚望的人(或事物);承担艰巨任务的人 11)White House———白宫
”White House“ literal translation ”White House“, referring to the president of the United States White Palace or the United States government, had to accept the people.12)white-knuckle———神经紧张的;引起神经紧张的 13)white lady———鸡尾酒
”White lady“ does not mean ”white lady“, nor ”dressed in white lady“, but also refers to a kind of cocktail gin, orange wine, lemon juice, shake with ice and strain into a protein, can also refer to a ”cocaine“.14)white lie———善意的谎言
”White lie“ means ”a harmless lie“, translated as ”white lie“ or ”not hurt the important essentials lie“ properly.15)white market———白市;合法交易市场
Because of the ”white“ in English is ”pure“ meaning, ”white market“ to describe and ”black market(black)“ instead of the official market, fitting.16)whitewash———粉饰;掩盖
”Whitewash“ refers to the original ”white coat“, after dressing or conceal errors and shortcomings compared to.17)white war———不流血的战争;经济战
To refer to a bloody war with the ”red battle/war“ in English, with corresponding white war to describe the war without bloodshed, mainly refers to economic warfare.18)white days———吉日;好日子
Because of the ”white“ with ”fortunate;lucky“ meaning, so the correct translation of the phrase is ”auspicious day“.三.BLACK Semantics in the Chinese culture and American culture in black and symbolic significance has roughly the same, ”dark“, ”black“, ”evil“, ”cruel“, ”illegal“ meaning, such as the Chinese ”dark forces“, ”black“, ”black heart“;the English ”black heart“ ”black market“, etc..But the symbolic significance of black in Anglo-American culture is more strongly, it is ”sinister“, ”evil“, ”criminal“, ”despair“, ”mourning“, ”demons“ meaning.It is the analogy always give a person a kind of terrible, even the evil feeling.Black also contains a ”devastating;gloomy;angry“ meaning, such as ”Black Friday(unlucky Friday)“, ”in a black mood(depressed mood)“, ”give sb.a black look(ferocious stare sb.)“.1.汉语中与“黑”有关的词汇、习语及其英译 1)黑帮———reationary/sinister gang
The society covert activities of criminal gangs, use reationary or sinister to translate more image, outstanding.2)黑店———ganster inn
Refers to the murder plunders the goods inn, ”ganster(bandits, bandits)to translation“ is preferable to ”black“.3)黑不溜秋———swarthy
The dialect describe black ugly, while in English, ”swarthy“ is the meaning of.4)黑社会———Mafia-style organizations;gangland
The Anglo-Americans have black society called ”Mafia-style organizations;gangland“.2.英语中与“black”相关的词汇、习语及其汉译 1)Black and white———白纸黑字;书面
”Black“ means ”black ink“, ”white“ means ”whitepaper“, meaning black words written on white paper, conclusive evidence in Chinese saying, put it down in black and white on the source of.2)black-bag———非法秘密搜查
In American English, it refers to the illegal secret search the United States Federal people do.3)black belt———黑腰带
Now ”black belt“ is mainly used to refer to ”the highest level of judo“ 4)black box———黑匣子
The English ”black box“ refers to the electronic equipment installed in the aircraft, used to record flight data, because its name is black.5)black coffee———清咖啡;不加牛奶(或奶油)的咖啡
The British and Americans do not add milk(or cream)in coffee called black coffee, from the milk(or cream)coffee white coffee.6)black eye———乌黑的眼睛;丢脸的事,耻辱;
”Black eye“ and ”dark eyes or bruised eyes“, a ”disgrace still in American spoken English;stigma;bad reputation“.7)Black Hand———黑手党;黑社会组织;
”Black Hand“ is not a black hand it means ”mafia or black social organization“, it has become a specific appellation.8)black hole———黑洞
”Black hole“ in the field of astronomy refers to the ”black hole“, but it also ”black jails;cell.“.9)Black Friday———不吉利的星期五
Jesus suffering so on Friday, with Black Friday, metaphor calamity, dangerous unknown.10)black-letter day———倒霉的日子
”Black“ is ”unlucky“ mean in English, ”white“, ”auspicious;good“, with ”black-letter day“ and ”white day to refer to(good day)“ the opposite meaning.11)blacklist———黑名单
”Blacklist“ in English means ”list of people or organization to boycott or punish“, Chinese translation is ”black list“, and ”whitelist“ white list contrary.12)black market———黑市
The ”black market“ translated into the black market is very appropriate, because both the illegal trade means, with the official market ”white market“ means just the opposite.13)blackout———灯火管制;暂时性失去记忆
”Blackout“ means there are many, such as ”power;power;painted out;remove;“ out of the stage lights ”, the most common means“ Blackout ”or“ temporary loss of memory”.14)black sheep———害群之马;败类;有辱门楣的人
“Black sheep” from the proverb “There is a black sheep in every frock”, used to describe “an evil member of the herd” or “scum;the black sheep of the family”.15)black smith———铁匠
“Black Smith” means to create a darker color, metal(such as iron)craftsmen, with “White Smith” to refer to create lighter hardware(such as silver).
点击咨询 