第一篇:汉语翻译第九讲简单句变复合句[范文]
汉语翻译第九讲
汉语翻译技巧简单句变复合句
一、练习讨论和讲评
本来,生命只有一次,对于谁都是宝贵的。但是,假使他的生命溶化在大众的事业里面,假使他天天在为这世界干事业是不死的,他会领略到“永久的年轻”的感觉。而“浮生如梦”的人,从这个世界拿去的很多,而给这世界的却很少——他总有一天会觉得疲乏得快要死亡:他连拿都没有力量了。衰老和无能的悲哀,像铅一样沉重,压在他的心头。青春是多么短啊。
One has but one life to live and, naturally, it is treasured by all.However, if one is dedicated to the cause of the people, if he does something every day for the world, he is living and, though eventually he will die, the cause he lives for—the cause of the people will never die.In other words, he will gain a sense of “eternal youth” As for the one who lives his life like a floating cloud;he takes a lot from the world but gives little in return.Sooner or later he will be approaching death with such tiredness that he will find himself deprived of the energy to “take”.Then the grief caused by age and impotence will make him feel as if a heavy load of lead was in the mind.How fast youth goes!他总有一天会觉得疲乏得快要死亡。Sooner or later he will be exhausted to death.他总有一天会觉得疲非常疲乏。然而“他总有一天会觉得疲乏得快要死亡。”的意义是:他总有一天会觉得疲乏,感到快要死亡了。Sooner or later he will be approaching death with such tiredness.Sooner or later he will be exhausted,having the sense that he will be approaching death.1.He was thirsty to death.He was extremely thirsty.2.He was stabbed to death.He died because he was stabbed.He was beaten to death.二、简单句变复合句
有时为了使英语句子的连贯性更强, 表达也更为贴切、自然、优美,我们将两个或者多个简单汉语句翻译成一个英语句子。英语句子之间加上and, but, or(或者, 否则), for(因为), while(而, 却), when(就在这个时候), not only...but also等并列连词, 使其成为并列复合句。如:
(1)我们户外活动需要三个小时,大概11点回来,校门一带关了。⑴ Our outdoor activity will last three hours.We’ll be back at about 11 o’clock.The school gate must be closed.→Our outdoor activity will last three hours and the school gate must be closedwhen we’ll be back at about 11 o’clock.⑵飞机七点起飞,赶快,要不赶不上飞机了。
⑵ The plane takes off at seven.You must hurry.You’ll miss the plane.→You must hurry or you’ll miss the plane which takes off at seven.⑶蜜糖甜蜜蜜,蜜蜂很刺人。
⑶Honey is sweet.The bee stings.→Honey is sweet but the bee stings.在两个或者多个简单句之间加上when, after, as, because, where, which, who等从属连词, 可以使简单句变成复合句。如:
(4)英语俱乐部可以组织各种活动,我们在活动中不但可以练习英语还可以学习更多英语。
(4)We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club.We can not only practise but also learn more English in the activities.(改为含定语从句的复合句)→We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club in which we can not only practise but also learn more English.(5)没有赶上头班车,他上学迟到了。
(5)He missed the first bus.He came to school late.(改为含状语从句的复合句)→Because he missed the first bus, he came to school late.→He missed the first bus, so he came to school late.即时练习将下列各组句子合并成并列复合句或主从复合句。(6),19世纪末,有一个闻名遐迩的侦探,名叫Sherlock Holmes,家住伦敦。
⑴ There was once a famous detective.⑵ He was named Sherlock Holmes.⑶ He lived in London.⑷ The time was at the end of the nineteenth century.---------There was once a famous detective named Sherlock who lived in London at the end of the nineteenth century.(7).根据调查,79.3%的居民反映说,他们的主要目的是帮助父母亲生活得更好,67.7%说,他们努力工作是为了改变自己的命运。(7)⑴ 79.3% of the surveyed citizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life.⑵ 67.7% claim that they work hard in order to change their own fate.---------79.3% of the surveyed netizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life while 67.7% claim that they work hard in order to change their own fate.(8)知识就是力量,我们是大学生,必须努力学习。Knowledge is power.We are college students.We must study hard.-------We, who are college student, must study hard because knowledge is power.(9.)写作方法各种各样,同学们可以用这一种方法提供写作努力,增加自信力。
⑴There are ways and ways to improve writing ability
(2)Students can improve their writing ability in this way.(3)They can strengthen their self-confidence.--------.Though There are ways and ways to improve writing ability , students can improve their writing ability in this way to increase their self-confidence.(10)这是上海最雄伟的大楼,许多外国专家在此住居。
1.This is the most magnificent building in Shanghai.2Many foreign experts live in the building.------In Shanghai, this is the most magnificent building in which many foreign experts live.三、练习
婚姻关系中人们争论最多的问题——如钱怎样花——通常并非真正的问题。关键的问题是:谁掌握控制权?年轻的时候,我对控制权的需要是源于害怕、缺乏信任和没有安全感。最后我终于意识到我不需要控制妻子——实际上也不应该控制她,而且不可能控制她,如果我试图控制她,就会毁了我们的婚姻。
人们经常把放弃控制权与软弱混为一谈。但家庭争论中的胜利者从来都不是真正的胜利者。在你赢得争论而你的伴侣屈服时,你已经输了。这听起来似乎相矛盾,却千真万确。
第二篇:复合句翻译练习
1.Since western fast food was introduced into China ten years ago, great changes have taken place in our eating habits.自从十年前西式快餐进入中国以来,我们的饮食习惯发生了巨大的变化。
2.As long as everyone is fully aware of the risks of obesity and take effective measures, I am sure that we can have more health.只要每个人都充分意识到肥胖的危害性并且采取有效措施,我肯定我们一定能过得更健康。
3.All that the advocates say is ______________________________.支持者所说的一切均是站不住脚的。
4.I am now complaining about the guy ______________________________________________.我要投诉刚搬到我家隔壁来的那个家伙。
5.It is imperative that____________________________________________________________.采取有效措施来结束日益恶化的空气污染势在必行。
6.It is commonly believed that _____________________________________________________人们普遍认为太空探索能促进科学事业的发展。
7.Some people hold that __________________________________________________________.有些人认为旅游业的发展对传统文化产生一些负面的影响。
8.I can hardly agree with / support the proposal_______________________________________.我很难认同妇女应该回家做全职太太的建议。
9.The most practical countermeasure is that __________________________________________.最实际的对策是制定更严厉的法律和法规来惩处违规者。
10.____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________.当每个人都充分意识到环保的重要性,并采取可行的措施,我坚信我们能享有更干净的环境。
11.It is true that the
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________but this not to say that they are without disadvantages.奥运会增进各国友谊和促进主办国的经济发展,但这并非意味着奥运会是完美无缺的。
12.____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.因为旅游业有助于增进人们之间的了解,它将最终消除对其他国家的偏见,从而使世界变得更加和平。
第三篇:英语句子结构分析英语句子分为简单句和复合句
英语句子结构分析英语句子分为简单句和复合句。所谓的简单句,就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。复合句又分成并列句和复杂句,下面我们分别对这三种情况加以简要的分析。
1、简单句简单句,即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况,英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语),有时候还有宾语;而且除了倒装句等特殊句型,一般情况下,主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的,不可能宾语跑到谓语前面,或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上,英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式:主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语;I hate grammar.主语 + 谓语(不及物动词);Grammar sucks.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 Grammar is hell.所以,我们在阅读句子的时候,不管句子有多长,不管是并列句还是复合句,都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语(或表语),有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干,抓住了句子的主干,句子的基本意思就清楚了。
2、并列句并列句就是两个或以上的简单句,由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词:and, not only...but also, neither...nor...or, either...or...otherwise,but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子,一般情况下是以连词为界限,将句子分成前、后几个部分,并分别来分析,各句的意思一般可以单独理解,最后将各句合并即可。I hate grammar, / while he loves it.(以while为界,可分为前后两个小句子)
3、主从复合句主从复合句即是复杂句,它也是由两个以上的句子构成。与并列不同的是,各分句之间的意思是紧密相连的,所以我们不能简单地把各个句子拆开来看,而必须将各分句综合起来进行理解。有时候,分句里面有可能还包含分句。
第四篇:简单句翻译练习一
句子翻译练习
A 1,他因为生病不能出席会议 He didn’t attend the meeting because of illness/he was ill.2,那幅有吸引力的画吸引了我的注意 The/That attractive painting attracts my attention.3,他避免麻烦我 He avoid bothering me.4,他以为我不喜欢苹果和橘子 He thinks I don’t like apples and oranges.5,我喜欢画画和读书 I enjoy/like/love writing and reading.6,不幸地,他生病了 Unfortunately/ Unluckily, he was ill.7,因为大雨他上学迟到了 He was late for school because of heavy rain/ He went to school late because it rained heavily.8,他因生病缺席了会议 He was absent from the meeting because of illness/ because he was ill.9,他出席了会议 He was present at the meeting.10, 你在说话的时候,其实他在听 Actually, he was listening when you talked.11,他在听由Mary唱的歌 He was listening to the songs sung by Mary.12,请认真听老师说 Please listen to the teacher carefully 13,.这场大雨持续了两个小时。That heavy rain lasted two hours.1 / 10
14, 在世界上,事物总是变化的。Things are always changing in the world./Things always change in the world.15,他只能放弃他的妻子和孩子 He had to abandon his wife and children./He had no choice but to abandon his wife and children.16,他会写诗/游泳 He can write/swim./ He is able to write./ He has the ability of writing.17,他正全神贯注地学习He is absorbed in studying./ He concentrates / focuses(himself)on studying.18,这幅画很抽象 That painting is very abstract.19,食物非常丰富 The food is very abundant.20在我看来,你是对的 According to me / From my point of view/In my opinion, you are right.21,长大后我想要成为一名会计 I want to become an accountant when I grow up.22,我们应该为下次比赛积累经验 We should accumulate experience for the next competition.23,我已经习惯了在这个学校学习I have been used /accustomed to studying in the school.24,他获得了打猎的技巧 He acquire /gain/get the skill of hunting, 25,他积极参加比赛He take an active part in the competition./He takes part in the competition actively.2 / 10
26,这个男(女)演员擅长表演/在表演方面很有技巧 That actor/actress is skilled /skillful at /is good at/does well in acting.27,事实上,他希望被那所大学录取Actually, he hopes to be admitted by that university./The fact is that he hopes to be admitted by that university.28,他可以很好地适应新环境He can adapt(himself)to the new environment quickly.29,他可以适应每天早早起床 He can adapt(himself)to getting up early everyday/every morning.30,如果茶太浓了,再加多点水。If the tea is too heavy, please add more water.31,我不喜欢油腻 /清淡的食物 I don’t like heavy/ light food.32,暴雨即将来临 Heavy rain is coming.33,恶劣的天气整加了我们的困难 The terrible weather adds to our difficulty.34,他增加了我们的麻烦 He adds to our trouble.35,请将黄油添加到面包上 Please add some butter to the bread.36,三加三等于六 If you add three to three, you get six.37,你应该根据天气对你的安排做出调整 You should adjust your arrangement according to the weather.3 / 10
38,他根据高考的要求对自己的学习方法进行了调整 He adjust his learning method according to the requirement of the college entrance examination.39,他吸烟/吸毒成瘾 He is addicted to drugs/ smoking 40,他沉迷于看电视/看小说 He is addicted to watching TV/ reading novels.41,他非常钦佩他的偶像/他的偶像值得钦佩 He admires his idol very much./ His idol is admirable.42,我们在中秋节会赏月 We admire the moon in the Mid-autumn Festival.43,他承认考试作弊/考试不及格He admits cheating on the exam.44,他承认欺骗了她 He admits cheating her.45,这对年轻的夫妇收养了一个聪明的小男孩 The young couple adopted a clever young boy.46,他的发明推进了社会的发展 His invention advances the development of the society.47,先进的发明使得我们的生活非常方便 Advanced inventions make our lives very convenient, 48,这手机既有优点也有缺点 This phone has advantages and disadvantages.49,他利用你去达到他的目的 He takes the advantage of you to achieve his aims/goals.4 / 10
50,他为了通过考试冒险作弊 He takes adventure to cheat on the exam in order to pass the exam.51,这家公司在电视上为新出版的书做广告 The company advertises the new-published book on TV.52,请给我一些学习方面的建议Please give me some advise on study.53,我建议他勤奋学习We advises him to study hard.54,我建议她上课认真听讲I advise her to listen carefully in class 55,我们提倡和平相处We advocate getting along with each other in peacefully./ We advocate living in peace.56,他的演讲深深地影响了我 His speech affects me deeply.57,噪音影响了他的学习The noise affects his study.58,他家付不起学费His family can not afford the school fees.59,他承担不起失去工作的后果 He can’t afford to lose his job.60,士兵们勇敢地与洪水作斗争The soldiers fight bravely against the blood.61,他同意放弃自己的学业 He agree to give up his study.62,他还活着 He is still alive.63,他不允许我吸烟 He doesn’t allow me to smoke.64,他不允许我到外面去/他不允许我跟我的朋友们在街上闲逛 He doesn’t allow me to go outside/He doesn’t allow me to hanging 5 / 10
out with my friends.65,他一个人住,但他不觉得孤独He lives alone ,but he doesn’t feel lonely.66,他们在海拔1000米的地方野餐They have a picnic at an altitude of 1000 meters.67,他对她的态度非常糟糕 His attitude towards her is very bad 68 ,在古代,君王们雄心勃勃 In the ancient time ,the emperors are very ambitious.69,数额总计为200,000 The sum adds up to 200,000.70,他的笑话把我逗乐了 His joke amuses me.71,他宣布下课 He announce that the class is over.72,他诚心向道歉 He expresses his apology to you sincerely./He apologizes to you sincerely./ He expresses sincere apology to you.73,显然,他赢得了比赛Apparently, he won the game.74,观众热烈地为他鼓掌 The audience applaud for him heatedly.75,我们应该学会把理论运用到实践中去 We should learn to apply theory to practice.76,我非常感激你的帮忙I appreciate your help.77,他正在欣赏那幅名画He is appreciating that famous painting.78,小偷慢慢靠近了那栋楼The thief approaches that building slowly.6 / 10
79,我不知道解决这个问题的方法 I don’t know the approach of solving the problem/ I don’t know the approach to solve the problem.80,他们相互争吵起来 They argue with each other.81,我们应该用知识武装自己 We should arm ourselves with knowledge.82,他一到达机场,警察就将他逮捕了 The police arrested him at his arrival at the airport 83,那护士协助医生对那个病人做手术 The nurse assists the doctor in operating on that patient.84,我将他与小偷/那场车祸联系起来 I associated him with thief/ the car accident.85,这里的气氛非常奇怪 The atmosphere here is very strange.86,他尝试把那支笔捡起来 He attempt to pick up that pen.87,敌人袭击了他们 The enemy attacked them.88,我们需要注意这些严肃的问题 We should pay attention to these serious problem.B 1,那个年轻的单身男子有一个可爱的小婴儿需要去照顾。That young bachelor has a lovely baby to take care of.2,如果你们知道我的家庭背景,请向后退 If you know my family background ,please step backward.7 / 10
3,那个面包师在他的面包店里烤面包That baker is baking bread in his bakery.4,我建议你们去银行开一个银行账户I advise you to open a bank account in the bank.5,这本书是以我自己真实的经历为基础的 This book is based on my own experience.6,他把自己的棒球球拍放在黑暗的地下室里。He put his baseball bat in the black basement.7,他的包里放着一条巧克力和一瓶啤酒There is a bar of chocolate and a bottle of beer in his bag.8,他无法忍受桌子上那发臭的牛肉,所以他把牛肉扔掉了。He couldn’t bear the smelly beef, so he threw it away.9,书店里的书架上有很多新出版的书 There are many newly-published
books
in
the
bookshelf
in
the bookshop/bookstore.10,这家分公司的生意非常繁荣 Business of this branch is booming.11,那个忧郁的盲人没办法填表格,所以他觉得很痛苦 That blue blind man couldn’t fill in the blank, so he feels very painful/bitter.12,他感觉到非常厌倦,因为这场篮球比赛实在太无聊了He felt very bored, because the basketball game is very boring.8 / 10
13,在会议的开始,你就应该告诉我们你是代表你的老板到这里来的。At the beginning of the meeting, you should have told us that you came here on the behalf of your boss.14,在海滩上,那栋建筑后面有一张弯曲的长凳 On the beach, there is a bent bench behind the building.15,那个帅气的新郎和那个漂亮的新娘是在宽阔的海滩遇到对方的。That handsome bridegroom met with the beautiful bride on the broad beach.16,请在我回家之前把水烧开 Please boil the water before I come back home.17,那个勇敢的小男孩通过石头之间的间隙递给我一块面包和一瓶牛奶 The brave boy passed me a piece of bred and a bottle of milk through the break between rocks.18,鸟笼里面的那些鸟没办法在蓝天里自由飞翔 The bird in the birdcage can’t fly freely in the blue sky.19,白色地毯上的血迹让我们感到触目惊心。The blood in the white blanket scared us.20,士兵在战场上英勇地与敌人作斗争 The soldiers battled against the enemy bravely on the battleground.21,桌子底下那个篮球是件真正的便宜货The basketball below the desk is a real bargain.22,自从他出生以来,他的出生地就给他留下了深刻无比的印象,所 9 / 10
以每年生日他都会回到那里去 Since his birth, his birthplace impresses him deeply/leaves deep impression on him.So he goes back there every birthday.23,当公共汽车驶过公交车站时,他突然放声大哭起来He burst into tears/crying when the bus passed the bus station.24,那女企业家如此忙碌以至于她衣服的扣子坏了也没有注意到 That businesswomen is so busy that she doesn’t notice that the button of her clothes is broken.25,一只蜜蜂和一只蝴蝶绕着一束玫瑰花飞来飞去
There is a bee and a butterfly flying around a bunch of roeses.10 / 10
第五篇:翻译汉语
液压系统与气压系统
液压传动和气压传动称为流体传动,是根据17世纪帕斯卡提出的液体静压力传动原理而发展起来的一门新兴技术,1795年英国约瑟夫•布拉曼(Joseph Braman,1749-1814),在伦敦用水作为工作介质,以水压机的形式将其应用于工业上,诞生了世界上第一台水压机。1905年将工作介质水改为油,又进一步得到改善。
第一次世界大战(1914-1918)后液压传动广泛应用,特别是1920年以后,发展更为迅速。液压元件大约在 19 世纪末 20 世纪初的20年间,才开始进入正规的工业生产阶段。1925 年维克斯(F.Vikers)发明了压力平衡式叶片泵,为近代液压元件工业或液压传动的逐步建立奠定了基础。20 世纪初康斯坦丁•尼斯克(G•Constantimsco)对能量波动传递所进行的理论及实际研究;1910年对液力传动(液力联轴节、液力变矩器等)方面的贡献,使这两方面领域得到了发展。
第二次世界大战(1941-1945)期间,在美国机床中有30%应用了液压传动。应该指出,日本液压传动的发展较欧美等国家晚了近20 多年。在 1955 年前后 , 日本迅速发展液压传动,1956 年成立了“液压工业会”。近20~30 年间,日本液压传动发展之快,居世界领先地位。
液压传动有许多突出的优点,因此它的应用非常广泛,如一般工业用的塑料加工机械、压力机械、机床等;行走机械中的工程机械、建筑机械、农业机械、汽车等;钢铁工业用的冶金机械、提升装置、轧辊调整装置等;土木水利工程用的防洪闸门及堤坝装置、河床升降装置、桥梁操纵机构等;发电厂涡轮机调速装置、核发电厂等等;船舶用的甲板起重机械(绞车)、船头门、舱壁阀、船尾推进器等;特殊技术用的巨型天线控制装置、测量浮标、升降旋转舞台等;军事工业用的火炮操纵装置、船舶减摇装置、飞行器仿真、飞机起落架的收放装置和方向舵控制装置等
传递动力只有三种方法:电传动、机械传动、液压传动。实际上,许多设备将这三种方式组合起来形成一个更有效的系统。知道三种方式的各自突出优点是确定哪种方法是最好的传递方式的重要因素。例如:液压比机械能够更有效的进行远距离传递。然而,液压传动没有电传动的距离远。
液压动力系统一般比较关注调节流量和控制压力,这样的系统一般包括:
1.泵是一种将原动力转化成液体压力的机构。
2.阀是用来控制泵的输出流量的方向、产生压力的大小和流量的大小。能量的大小是通过控制流量和压力的大小所决定的。3.执行机构是在需要的地方将液压能转换成可用的机械能的机构。
4.传递介质是液体,其提供刚性传动和控制,被密封在阀处提供润滑作用以及起冷却系统的作用。
5.连接件,是用来连接各种系统组件,传递压力油液并使油液返回油箱。
6.油箱和冷却器,是分别用来保证油液质量和冷却油液的。7.气动系统需要通过油雾器向从调压阀出来的气体中撒入润滑油。这是为了防止气动系统配合件间的磨损。
液压系统是用于工业应用,如冲压机、钢铁厂、制造业、农业机械、矿业、航空、空间技术、深海勘探、交通、海洋技术、海上天然气和石油勘探。简言之,每个人的生活都要受益于液压技术。放电加工又叫做电镀或者电火花加工,是基于火花放电侵蚀金属的原理。我们知道当两根带电的导线接触时会产生电弧,如果我们仔细观察连接两根导线的金属时会注意到一小部分金属已经被侵蚀掉留下了一个小坑。
基本的电火花加工系统是由一个连接到直流电源的形状工具和工件及其两者之间的电介质组成,这是一种最广泛使用的加工过程,尤其是刻锻操作——当工具与工件件的电位差足够高时通过电流的瞬间放电,从工件表面移除非常少得金属。
机械控制包括凸轮和调速。尽管他们已经被用于比较复杂的机器,但为了更加经济,今天它们被用于简单和固定周期控制。一些自动化机器,如螺杆机,仍然使用凸轮基础控制。机械控制机构很难制造但不容易磨损。
但气动控制在某些应用上仍非常受欢迎,它是由压缩空气、气动阀和转换开关组成的简单逻辑控制系统。虽然容易反应迟缓,但由于是由标准件构筑逻辑,因此比机械控制容易建立。气动控制系统容易受磨损。
像机械控制系统一样,机电控制系统使用开关、继电器、时间计数器等等来构建逻辑,它更加快和灵活。控制器采用机电控制被称为中继设备。
流体动力是自动化系统的肌肉,是因为一下四个方面: 1.简单而精确的控制。通过简单的杠杆原理,流体动力系统可以轻松的启动、停止、加速或者减速,并且定位动力可以提供任何的动力需要而使定位偏差精确到1/10000英寸。2.成倍的动力。液压系统可以简单而有效的将一盎司的力转换成百吨的输出力。3.恒定的力或转矩。只有液压系统可以不管速度怎么变化保持提供恒或力转矩,这可以适应不论是输出的速度或转速是几英寸每小时、几百英寸每秒还是几转每小时、几千转每秒。4.简单、安全、经济,一般情况下液压系统可以比机械或者电力系统用更少的零件实现同样的功能。
因为它们的简单维护和操作而使安全度和可靠性实现最大化。例如,新的转向机构的产生使得其他车辆的电力系统显得陈旧,转向单元有在一个整体上得许多手动操作的方向控制阀和进油调压阀组成。运输、海洋技术、海上天然气和石油勘探等各个领域都离不开液压。它提供了简单的系统。另外,很小的输入扭矩去控制最难得应用。在有限的空间里需要一个小得转向机构是非常必要的而且能够减少操作者的疲劳。液压系统的另外一个好处就是可以立即进行可逆运行。自动的过载保护和无级变速控制。液压系统可以有比任何一直电源都高的动力。尽管液压有这么多的优势但也不能代替所有的动力传递。气动系统
气动系统是依靠压缩气体来进行传递和控制的。气压系统通常用空气(不用其他气体)作为流体介质,因为空气是安全、成本低而又随处可得的流体,在系统部件中产生电弧有可能点燃泄漏物的场合下(使用空气作为介质)尤其安全。在气动系统中,压缩机是用于压缩和供应充足的空气,压缩机通常有活塞式、叶片式或螺钉式。一般的压缩机是靠压缩体积来增加空气压力。气动系统通常使用一个大型集中的空气压缩机,并认为它是无限大的。空气源类似于电力系统只需将插头插入就可以获得电力。这样压缩空气管道可以从一个气源引出接到整个工厂的不同地方。压缩空气可以通过过滤器将空气中的污染物去除,这些污染物将会损坏气动系统的配合部件,例如阀和气缸。之后压缩空气经过一个减压阀将压缩空气的压力降到特定应用所需的值。由于空气没有好的润滑效果(包含20%的氧气),气动系统需要一个油雾器将润滑油注射到从调压器输出来的压缩气体中。这样可以防止有配合移动的气动部件的损坏。大气中的空气含有不同程度的水分,这些水分会洗掉润滑剂从而导致过度磨损和腐蚀,因此,在某些应用中需要空气干燥剂来消除这些不良的水分。因为气动系统排气直接进入大气,将会带来噪音,因此消声器安装在排气阀口和执行件处以减少噪声,并且使操纵人员避免噪声和灰尘颗粒的污染。气动系统将代替液压系统的可能性原因有以下几个因素;
液体的惯性比气体的大,因此在加速和减速、启动和制动时存在潜在的问题。
由于牛顿定律(F=m×a),将油液加速所需的力比将气体加速到同样值所需要的力要大很多倍,这导致更大的摩擦压力和功率损失。而且液压系统采用的油液介质与气体不同,它需要设置特制的储存油箱和无泄漏回油系统。液压系统 工程液压回路 泵就是用来提供压力油的也可以说是提供动力。阀是用来控制油的流量和控制提供需要的压力。每一个液压动力系统用一个或者多个泵提供液压油。从液压动力系统出来的液压油完成工作。压力油用来推动活塞杆在气缸中运动或者使液压马达的轴转动。泵的作用就是液压动力系统中将油液加压以完成工作。一些动力系统使用低压100pi来完成工作。当需要大功率输出时可以达到10000pi或者更多,所以我们发现现在的一些液压动力系统是由至少一个泵来加压油液的。泵的种类
三种类型的泵应用在泵的动力系统中。(1)回转泵(2)往复泵(3)离心泵。在泵的特性匹配中,使泵的最好的特点完成特殊的工作是一种趋势,例如,一个离心泵可以和一根柱塞泵串联一起提供压力油。控制阀
压力控制阀用来保证不同回路所需的压力值,压力控制阀利用将高压区的油转移到低压区从而保证高压区的压力。阀可以分为安全阀、减压阀、平衡阀、顺序阀和卸荷阀。