第一篇：高考英语总复习 Unit4 Global warming学案 选修6
Unit 4 Global warming 核心单词
1.subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅 vt.（签署）文件；捐助 常用结构：
subscribe to...同意，赞许；（在文件等下面）签名，署名 subscribe sth.to...捐助
subscribe to/for...订阅；订购(书籍等)He did not subscribe to my proposal.他不赞同我的建议。
He subscribed a large sum to the relief fund.他向救济基金捐赠巨资。
He subscribed his name to a petition.他在请愿书上签名。
高手过招 翻译句子
①只有疯子才会同意这样的观点。②我订了一份《妇女周刊》。
答案：①No one but mad people would subscribe to such views.②I subscribed to a Weekly Women’s magazine.2.tend vt.& vi.（常与to连用）有某种倾向；有„„的趋势；走向；趋向；朝向；照管，照料；看护
People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。He tends to pitch the ball too high.他往往把球掷得过高。
Prices are tending upward.物价在上涨。
The woman stayed at home to tend her child.那个妇女呆在家里照料她的孩子。高手过招 单项填空
I never forget the days when I was by the villagers when I was wounded.Tended B.observed C.monitored D.Cared 解析：选A。tend 用作及物动词，意为 “照顾；照料”;observe观察；注意；monitor 监视；监控； care为不及物动词，care for 才有 “照顾；照料”的意思。3.oppose vt.反对； 反抗；对抗；（与to连用）使反对，使相对
Many members of the council opposed the building of the luxury houses in the centre of the city.许多议会议员反对在市中心建造豪华型住宅。
用心
爱心
专心 My mother is opposed to the new plan.我妈妈是反对这个新计划的。
Many residents are opposed to the plan of building the motorway.许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划。常用结构：
as opposed to（表示对比）而，相对于 易混辨析
oppose/object/resist oppose 为常用词，指“对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对”，强调动作,尤指“反对一种观念、思想、计划等”。
object 常指“用言论或论据等表示反对”, 强调“个人嫌厌”和“由于与个人有关，因此提出反对意见”。
resist指“积极地反抗、对抗”；“用武力阻止„„的前进”。高手过招 单项填空
The professor, out the project, made a comment on the report.A.was opposed to carry B.opposed to carry C.opposed to carrying D.opposed carrying 解析：选C。短语be opposed to sth./doing sth.意为“反对/某事/做某事”，其中to是介词。此处用过去分词作后置定语，相当于定语从句 who was opposed to carrying。4.consequence n.［C］结果；后果；影响
I’m quite willing to accept the consequences.我完全愿意承担后果。
You should know the consequence of not studying hard.你应该知道不用功学习的后果。
This had the unexpected consequence that he got fired.这件事有了意外的后果，那就是他被革职了。常用结构：
as a consequence(of...)=in consequence(of...)=as a result(of...)结果;因此；由于„„的原因 联想拓展
consequent adj.（+on/upon）因„„而起的；随之发生的
consequently adv.结果；因此；必然地 高手过招 翻译句子
①降雨量很大，结果田地被淹了。②他努力学习，因此通过了考试。
答案：①The rain was heavy and consequently the land was flooded.②He studied hard, and in consequence he passed the exam.5.average adj.平均的；普通的
用心
爱心
专心 n.平均;平均数
The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.这个班男生的平均年龄为十五岁。
It was an average piece of work.那是一件普通的作品。The average man is not interested in this subject.普通人一般对这个题目不感兴趣。常用结构：
on average平均地；通常 above/below average 高于/低于平均数/水平an average of...„„的平均数 up to average 达到平均数 The average of 4 and 8 is 6.4和8的平均数为6。Two students are absent each day on average.平均每天有两个学生缺席。高手过招
选词填空(ordinary/average/normal/common）①Though she is CEO of a big company, she is a(n)woman in the eyes of her families.②Relations between the two countries have been restored to.③It’s a bag, and you can find it in every store.④Letterboxes are much more in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.答案： ①average ②normal ③common ④ordinary
6.blame v.埋怨,责备 常用结构：
be to blame 应受谴责,应负责任 blame something on sb.把„„归咎于
blame sb.for sth./doing sth.因„„而责备某人
City residents also blame migrant workers for the sharp rise in the urban crime rate.城市居民还责怪民工造成了城市犯罪率的大幅度上升。
They blamed the failure on George.他们把失败归咎于乔治。Blame me if I don’t.我要是不这样做,随你怎么办好了。联想拓展
blameful adj.该受责备的，有过错的 blameless adj.无可责难的,无过错的 blameworthy adj.该受责备的 高手过招 单项填空
He deserved to his carelessness.A.blamed for B.be blamed for C.blame for D.be blame for
用心
爱心
专心 解析：选C。be to blame应受谴责,应负责任，不能用于被动语态。重点短语
7.come about 发生；产生
How did this dangerous state of affairs come about? 这种危险的事态是怎么发生的? 联想拓展
关于come的其他短语: come across 偶然发现；被理解；提供 come into being 发生；产生；出现；形成 come into power 开始执政；当权；当选 come into effect/force 开始生效；开始实行 come into existence 形成；产生；开始存在 come into fashion 开始流行
come off（头发、牙齿、纽扣）脱落；离开 come on 上场；开始；赶快；加油
come out 出来，发芽；出版；说出；洗掉 come to know/realize/understand 开始了解到/意识到/明白 come up with 找到（答案）；拿出（一笔钱等）高手过招 单项填空
—How did it that you made such a silly mistake? —I myself haven’t figured it out yet.A.bring about B.come about C.come across D.come on 解析：选B。句意为：——怎么会发生这么愚蠢的错误？——我自己也搞不明白。come about 发生，指事情发生的原因，常与how连用。其他选项无此用法。8.quantities of 意思是“大量的”，既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。Quantities of apples were on the table.桌子上有很多苹果。
Huge quantities of oil were shipped to Japan last year.去年大量的石油被海运到日本。联想拓展
in quantity/in large quantities 大量的
in small quantities 少量的 易混辨析
a quantity of/quantities of a quantity of 与quantities of，都可译为“大量的”，都既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词，但用法有区别。
a quantity of的谓语动词根据其后的名词而定，跟可数名词复数时谓语动词用复数，跟不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。而quantities of 后无论跟可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词一律用复数。
用心
爱心
专心 A large quantity of air conditioners have been sold since the summer came.入夏以来，已有大量的空调售出。高手过招 单项填空
information stored in this computer.A.Large quantities of;have been B.A great many;has been C.A large quantity of;were D.Quite a lot;is 解析：选A。information为不可数名词，C项的谓语动词应该用单数，故只有A项正确。9.result in 导致;结果是（相当于lead to）
Their dispute resulted in war.他们的争端导致了战争。The accident results in the death of two passengers.事故导致两名乘客死亡。
His carelessness resulted in the accident.他的粗心导致事故的发生。联想拓展
result from 起因于；由„„造成 as a result 结果；因此
as a result of 作为„„的结果；因为„„ 高手过招
用result in/result from的适当形式填空
①The traffic accident a lot of death and the destruction of several vehicles.②The illness exhaustion possibly.③The injure a fall kept him in bed for months.答案： ①resulted in ②resulted from ③resulting from 10.put up with 忍受；容忍
I don’t know how his parents put up with his antics.我不知道他的父母是如何忍受他的怪异行为的。
She could hardly put up with that fellow any longer.她再也不能忍受那家伙了。联想拓展
put away 放好；收好；储存 put aside 忽视；不理睬 put across 交流，沟通
put down 记下；放下；镇压；平定 put forward 提出；建议；将„„提前 put in 驶进
put out 熄灭；扑灭；出版；公布；生产 put off 推迟；延期
用心
爱心
专心 put on 穿上；戴上；上演；增加（体重）
put up 提出；举起；升起；提（价）；投宿；建造 高手过招 单项填空
—What do you think of Andrew? —There are some things that are not easy to , and his coldness is one.A.put aside B.put up with C.think of D.get along with 解析：选B。答句句意为:他有很多方面难以让人忍受，冷酷就是其中的一个。put aside 储存；保留；put up with 容忍；忍受；think of想起；get along with 与„„相处。由句意可知,选B项。重点句型
11.Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide.这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫做“温室”气体，其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。定语从句中的介词或介词短语可以提到引导词which, whom的前面。The old man has three daughters, two of whom are teachers.这位老人有三个女儿，其中的两个是老师。
Soon they arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.不久他们来到了一所农舍，农舍前坐着一个小男孩。高手过招 单项填空
I saw a woman running toward me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction she had come.A.of which B.by which C.in which D.from which 解析：选D。介词的选择要依据搭配和句子意义。come from表示“来自„„”;of与in不与come搭配;come by意为“从旁边经过”。
用心
爱心
专心 6
第二篇：高考英语从句总复习
从句
一． 定义
1.句子分为简单句和复合句。简单句是只有一个主谓宾结构。复合句是由两个或两个以上的主谓宾结构构成的句子。
2.复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句是全句的主体，从句是主句的一个成分，它不能单独做句子，它在句子中作什么成分，就叫什么成分的从句，如作主语的就叫主语从句，作宾语的就叫宾语从句，作表语的就叫表语从句，作定语的叫定语从句，作状语的就叫状语从句。3.复合句主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。
二． 名词性从句
（一）主语从句
1.主语从句是指从句充当主语的句子。2.引导词;关系代词：（1)从句成分什么都不缺：thatwhetherif(whether一般跟or not 搭配使用，if不能)That the earth is round is true Whether she comes or not makes no difference(2)从句成分缺人：whowhomwhosewhoeverwhomever(3)从句成分缺物：whatwhatererwhichwhichever Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.Whose watch was lost is unknown.What caused the accident remains unknown.Whatever you did is right.关系副词：where:（什么地方），从句中缺地点状语 when:(什么时候)，从句中缺时间状语 why:(什么原因)，从句中缺原因状语 how:(如何，怎样)，从句中缺方式状语
Where he is from is the question nobody can answer She don’t know how she can get to the hospital Why he is late is he was ill yesterday 3.主语从句的特殊形式:it做形式主语的主语从句结构(1)It is ＋名词＋从句
It is a fact an honor that（2)it is ＋形容词＋从句
It is natural obviouspossible that…(3)it is ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seems happened that…(4)it ＋过去分词＋从句
It is reported that… 据报道… It is said that…据说…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
4.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)It is said ,(reported)…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)(3)It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)
(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(wrong)
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?(right)Is that will rain in the evening likely?(wrong)5.注意：
（1）主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。
Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（2）主语从句中的引导词放在句首不能省略
（二）．宾语从句
1.从句在主句中充当宾语的句子是宾语从句 2.引导词
3.宾语从句的几种形式（1）做及物动词的宾语 I heard that he joined the army.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.She told me that she would accept my invitation.(2)作介词的宾语
Our success depends upon how hard we work(3).作形容词的宾语
I am afraid(that)I’ve made a mistake.I am glad that you have made such progress(4)动词+it+that结构
It做形式宾语，代替that引导的宾语从句
He has made it clear that he won’t give up the opportunity We consider it necessary that we should open out(5)宾语从句否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well.4.注意：（1）宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序
（2）如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制，如果主句时态是过去时，宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等）。He thought he was working for the people．
I heard she had been to the Great W all．
John hoped that he would find a job soon．
但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等，则不变化：
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun
（三）表语从句
从句在主句中充当表语成分的句子是表语从句。一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句” The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.This is why we can’t get the support of the people
But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.（四）同位语从句
1.同位语从句是修饰前面名词的从句。
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general 2.同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
三．形容性从句（定语从句）
（一）含义：从句充当定语成分的句子叫做定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
（二）限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语是指定语从句紧跟它所修饰的中心名词或代词之后，没有逗号分开。2.引导词：分为关系代词和关系副词。（1）关系代词引导的定语从句：
that:指代人、事物，作主语、宾语，做宾语时可以省略 who:指代人，做主语
whom:指代人，做宾语，可以省略。它在口语和非正式用语中常用who代替，可以省略 The man whowhom you met just now is my brother.which:指代事物，做主语、宾语。做宾语可以省略 whose:指代人、物，做定语，其后直接加名词 He has a friend whose father is a doctor.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.指物时常用以下结构代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.——The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired（2）关系副词引导的定语从句：
where：指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 Shai hai is the city where I was born
The house where I live ten years ago has been pulled down when: 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
I still remember the day when I first came to the school why: 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 注意: 关系副词引导的定语从句都可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来代替 Shai hai is the city wherein which I was born I still remember the day whenon which I first came to the school Please tell me the reason why for which you missed the plane 练习：
A letter------is written in pencil is difficult to read.(主语)Do you know the gentleman-----spoke just now? You can take anything----you like.（宾语）What is the question-----they are talking about? Here is the man-----you want to see.3.注意
(1)限制性定语从句中只能用that的几种情况：
A 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时，要用that Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said? There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.All that can be done has been done.B 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰,如：firstlastnext等
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.C 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have seen.D 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy，After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/ E 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? F 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? G 如有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词宜用that。He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.（2）限制性定语从句中只能用who的情况：
A 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who(whom)。如：
Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗？
B 当先行词为people和those时，只能用who(whom)。如：
Those who want to go there come here please.那些想去那儿的人请来这边。
C 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)时，只能用who(whom)。如： Anyone who is against us is our enemy.任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。D 在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who(whom)。如：
There are students in our class who / whom you have met.我们班有些学生你见过。
E 当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that, 那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。如：
The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university.刚才你会到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。
(3)以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising
（三）．非限制性定语从句
1.含义：先行词和从句用逗号隔开，对所修饰你名词或代词等起补充说明的作用。如果去掉从句，并不影响它所修饰的先行词的意义。
2.引导词（1）关系代词：
指人：who :做主语，不可省略 ；whom:做宾语，不可省略 指物：which:做主语或宾语，不可省略（2）关系副词：
when where why as等
Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it
B.that
C.which
D.he 答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3.as和which 引导的非限制性定语从句
（1）as和which都可在句子中做主语或宾语，它们指代的是整个句子 He married her,aswhich is natural He is honest,aswhich we can see(2)as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之尾，还可分割整个主句，which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后;as有“正如，正想”之意 As is known to us，china is a developing country He is from south,which we can see from his accent
John ,as you know,is famous writer(3)作主语时，which既可以作系动词be的主语，也可以作实义动词的主语；而这时as 只可以做系动词be的主语。例如：
A)He married her, which was natural.（可用as代替which）他和她结婚，这是很自然的事。
B)He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry, which made him illustrious.(不可用as 代替which)他获得了诺贝尔化学奖，这使他名扬天下。
It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it(4).在which引导的定语从句中，谓语动词若是am, is, are则这些系动词不能省略；而as后面若是这种情况，则可以省略。例如：
A)He is a teacher, as(is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)B)He said he had never seen her before, which was not true.(was不可省略)(5)当先行词有such,the same修饰时，常用as I have never heard such a story as he tells This is the same book as I lost last week 注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
（四）引导词+介词引导的定语从句
关系代词在从句中做介词的宾语时，从句常用介词+关系代词引: The school whichthat he once studied is vert famous ——the school in which he once studied is very famous Tomorrow I will bring a book whichthat you ask for Tomorrow I will bring a book for which you ask 注意：
A:含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用。如：look at, look for, look after, take care of等 This is watch whichthat I looking for B:当介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词指人是只能用whom,，关系代词指代物时，只能用which，关系代词是所有格时，用whose The man with whom you talked is my friend C:介词+定语从句，前面可有some any both each none neither 等代词或数词修饰 He love his parents deeply，both of whom are very kind to him There are forty students in our class,，most of whom are from cities 四．状语从句
一：时间状语从句
（一）when, while和as。
1.when引导从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作。引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词（一段时间），又可以是瞬时动词（一点时间）。when还含有“at that moment”的意思，引起的句子不能放在句首
When he heard the news，they were much surprised(从句的动作先于主句的动作)When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）
We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.我们正在看电视，这时灯突然灭了。They had just arrived home when it began to rain.他们刚到家，这时天就开始下雨了。
2.while 从句的动作和主句同时发生，从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的。并且while有时还可以表示对比 While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV I like playing football while you like playing basketball 3.as 从句的动作和主句同时发生。从句的谓语动词可是瞬时性的，也可是延续性的。从句和主句要表示一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成时，则多用as，可译为“一边......，一边......” She came up as I was cooking.(延续性)The runners started as the gun went off.(瞬时性)He looked behind from to time as he went.他一边走，一边不时地往后看。
As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer..随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。练习：
1.He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears.(2006辽宁)
A.why B.where C.when D.while 2.— I’m going to the post office.— ____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?(1999)
A.As B.While C.Because D.If 3.____ the days went on, the weather got worse.(1990)
A.With B.Since C.While D.As 4.Tom ____ into the house when no one ____.(1992)
A.slipped;was looking B.had slipped;looked
C.slipped;had looked D.was slipping;looked 如果主句的动作发生于表示“当……时”的时间状语从句中的动作的进行过程中，从句常用进行时。如： The landlady suspected that someone must have broken into the house when/while/as she was watching TV show.女房东怀疑在她看电视时曾有人闯入屋
5.I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____.(2006安徽)
A.went;was occurring B.went;occurred C.was going;occurred D.was going;had occurred 6.It was some time ____ we realized the truth.(2005山东)
A.when B.until C.since D.before 7.— Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?
— He rushed out of the room ____ I could say a word.(2006四川)
A.before B.until C.when D.after
（二）before 和after
before引导时间状语从句时表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后，如主句是将来时，从句中现在时,从句是过去时,主句用过去完成时。after引导时间状语从句时表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。
It will be some time before we know the results After we had finished dinner,we went home.重点：before 的用法
1.用于It + be + 时间段 + before...句型中，意思是“在……之后才……”，如果主句中用否定式，则表示“不多久……就”。
It will be five years before I come back.我五年后才能回来。
It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their country.不久之后，敌人就被赶走了。
It won’t be long before they understand each other.他们不久就会互相了解的。
2.还有“趁……（还没有）”之意。例如：
They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。
Do it before you forget it.趁早动手，以免忘了 3.短语before long与long before的区别
before long是“很快，不久”的意思, 可以用于各种时态。如：
Before long, he went to America.不久，他就去了美国。
I hope to see you before long.我希望不久后再见到你。
而 long before是“很久以前”的意思，一般用在过去时或过去完成时的句子里。如： She said she had read the novel long before.她说她很久以前就读过这部小说。
（三）till和until
①until和till都可表示“直到．．．为止”，与主句中持续性动词的肯定式连用。He waited until / till we finished our meal.他一直等到我们吃完饭。
②当until和till表示“直到．．．才．．．．”时，通常与主句中短暂动词的否定式连用，这时，until和till也可用before代替。
I didn’t leave until / till / before she came back.直到她回来，我才离开的。③be动词的肯定式和否定式都可以和until或till连用。
④until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.他告诉我了我才知道。当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序： Not until she came back did I leave.= I didn’t leave until she came back.在强调句型中一般用until，不用till。如：
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a
1.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____ we’ve actually had that lesson.(2007天津)A.until B.after C.since D.when 2.They ____ the train until it disappeared in the distance.(1998)A.saw B.watched C.noticed D.observed 题干中的主句为肯定句，until需要跟主句里肯定形式的表延续性动作的谓语动词连用，因此本题应选表示延续性动作的watched(其他选项中的saw，noticed，observed所表示的动作都不能延续，意味着结果)。3.“You can’t have this football back ____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly.(2006 A because B.since C.when D.until
（四）since的用法 1.连词
（1）表示“自从……以来”：
A:主句+since+非延续性动词
一般主句用现在完成时，从句用过去时,翻译：“某某自从…以来已经…了 He has studied very hard since he came to our school Since he graduated from the college, he has worked in this city B:主句+since+延续性动词或表示状态的动词
主句用现在完成时，从句用过去时，翻译：“某某自从没有…以来已经…了”
He has had several jobs since he was a student at Yale.他自从从耶鲁大学毕业以来已经做了好几份工作。We all have been missing her since she lived here 自从她从这里搬走，我们就再也没见过她 He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自从我生病以来，他就屡次给我写信。C:主句+since +延续性动词
主句是现在完成时，从句是现在完成时，翻译：“某某自从…以来…了’
Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自从我们自己有了汽车，我们每年都去野营。
He has never been to see me since I have been ill.自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。
He has never been to see me since I was ill.自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。
D：It be(一般式或完成式)＋表示一段时间的词汇＋since引导的时间状语从句。It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我成为研究生已经有2年了。It was three years since we had been there.我们在那儿已呆了三年。
应注意的是，在这种结构中，since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义，下面两句都错了：
It is a long time since he didn’t study English.It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.正确的说法为：
It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久没学英语了。
You haven’t come to see me for two months.你有两个月没来看我了。（2）既然；因为
He must have taken the book since it isn't here.他一定是把书拿走了,因为书已不在这里了。
Since it is so hot, let's go swimming.既然天气这么热,我们去游泳吧。
2.介词：表示“自从……以来”，其具体用法有两种情况：
(1)since＋表示过去某个时间点的词汇(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点)。
They have been friends since childhood.他们从幼时起一直是好朋友。I have been there many times since the war.自那次战争以来，我曾去该地多次。(2)since＋表示一段时间的词汇＋ago。
I have been here since five months ago.五个月以来我一直在这里。
They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai.(1989)A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned
（五）表示“一…就…”：as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…；表示“当…时候”： the time, the moment；by the time（到…时候为止）, next time(下次), the first time(第一次…的时候), the last time(上次…的时候)，once（一旦…）
She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noise.她一听到声音就冲进房间 He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他刚到达那里就生起病来。
He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.他还没说完就有人起来反驳他的论点 He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。注意：hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…
前面常用过去完成时，后面用一般过去时。同时它们还可以倒装: No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.他刚到达那里就生起病来。Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his points.（六）表示习惯性、经常性：every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候他们就来帮我们 Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。
二．地点状语从句
地点状语从句一般由由where（在……的地方）, wherever（无论哪里），everywhere（每一个地方）引导的 He is ready to help wherever he is Put you son where you can see him Everywhere they want, they were warmly received 三．原因状语从句
（一）because since as for 1.because 表示的原因语气最强；通常放在主句之后，有时也放在主句之前；直接回答why 提出的问题；在强调句中只能用because；被not所否定时只能用because It because he was too careless that he failed 2.since和as表示的原因是人们事先已经知道的，是对已知事实提供理由，而不表示直接原因；since比as语气稍强，且比as略为正式，两者通常都放在主句之前 3.for是并列连词(其作三者为从属连词)，它有时可表示因果关系(只能放在主句之后，且可与because换用)，有时不表示因果关系，而是对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断(也只能放在主句之后，但不能与because换用)。
The ground is wet, for(或because)it rained last night.地面是湿的，因为昨晚下过雨。
It rained last night, for(不能用because)the ground is wet this morning.昨晚下过雨，今天早上地面都是湿的(二)由now that，seeing that，considering that（由于…，既然…）
Seeing that it’s raining，we’d better stay indoors.既然外边在下雨，我们最好待在室内。Now that you are here, you’d better stay.你既然来了，最好还是留下吧
Considering that she has no experience, she has done well enough.考虑到她没有经验，她已经做得不错了
四．条件状语从句
（一）if，unless
1.if引导的条件状语从句时，主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时；if引导条件状语从句的虚拟；if引导条件状语从句的省略
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.2.unless = if……not
You will never make rapid progress if you don’t work hard
You will never make rapid progress unless you work hard
（二）1.as（so）long as “只要……”As [So] long as you need me, I’ll stay 只要你需要我，我就留下。as（so）long as 还可表示一段时间
Stay as long as you like。你愿留多久都可以。
So long as he lived, I didn’t feel that I have the right to see you between you.在他死之前，我觉得我没有权利介入你们之间
2.only if 与 if only。only if 意为“只要”，只用于真实条件句中，是if 的强调式；if only 有两个意思，一是表示“只要”，此时通常与陈述语气连用，与 only if 用法相似；二是表示“但愿”“要是……就好了”，此时多用于虚拟语气和感叹句中。
I will come only if you don’t promise to invite Mary.只要你答应不请玛丽，我就来。
If only it clears up, we’ll go.只要天晴，我们就去。
If only I hadn’t told him about it.要是我没有告诉他这事就好了 If only he will listen to you！他要是听你的话多好！3.as long as 与 only if 的区别
（1）从语气上看，only if 的语气要比as long as 强
（2）当主句和从句的谓语动词均为短暂性动词时，通常只用 only if，而不用 as long as。如：He will come only if you ask him.（3）两者均可引导从句置于主句之后，也可置于主句之前。但是，当only if 引导的状语从句置于主句之前时，其后的主句要用倒装语序，而且 as long as 引导的从句置于主句之前不用倒装。如：
As long as it doesn’t rain we can play.只要不下雨，我们就能玩。
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.只有得到教师的允许，学生才可以进这间屋。
（三）provided（providing）(that)，on condition that，given that，in case，suppose(supposing)等都有“如果”“假如”之意。
He will do the work providing you pay him 如果你给他钱，他就干活
I send you this book on condition that you pay in cash 假如你付现金，这架相机就卖给你
Given that he wins the support of the people, he will win the election.如果赢得人民的支持，他将取得竞选的胜利
Suppose you fail a second time, do not get disappointed, but try again 假如第二次失败，别灰心，再试试。
五． 让步状语从句
（一）although, though“虽然，尽管” 引导让步状语从句时，句中不能用but表示转折语气，但可跟yet，still表示转折
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
（二）ever if, even though.“虽然，尽管，即使”We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.（三）“no matter +疑问词” 或“疑问词+后缀ever” ：意为“无论…”。No matter what happened, he would not mind.（1）“no matter +疑问词”不能引导名词性从句 Whatever you say is of no use now.Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么（2）注意however以下两类句型结构 ① however+主语+谓语：
However you travel, it’ll take you at least three days.不管你怎么走，至少要三天。② however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语：
However much he eats, he never gets fat.无论他吃多少, 他都不发胖。③ 有时该结构中的主语和谓语可以有所省略：
He was of some help, however small.他总能帮些忙，不管多小的忙。I refuse, however favorable the condition.不管条件多好，我都不接受。
（四）让步状语从句与倒装
引导倒装的让步状语从句通常用as和though，但不是能用although；as 可以在以上这样的倒装结构中引出让步状语，但若不倒装，则不能用as，而与之相反，although在不倒装的结构中可引导让步状语，但在倒装的结构中却不可以用。
（五）让步状语从句的虚拟语气
六．目的状语从句
（一）so that，in order that, so, that表示“以便；为了”，so that：如果主句是一般现在时，从句常与may，can，will连用；如果主句是一般过去时，从句常与could，should，would，might连用。
We learn English so that we can read English newspapers She came in quietly in order that she couldn’t wake up the baby
（二）least，in case，for fear that 表示“以防，以免”，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气
七．结果状语从句
（一）so that，so...that，such...that 1.so…that与such…that的区别在于：
（1）A such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that…
He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。
B such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that…
They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。
C such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that…
He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.注意：如果such后边的名词前由many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用such而用so。如：
He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。（2）so…that也作“如此…以致”
so＋adj.／adv.＋that…clause（so的后面跟形容词或副词）
He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。
2.so that引导结果状语从句时，意思是“因此;所以”；在从句前常有逗号与主句分开；结果状语从句中没有情态动词；目的状语从句可移到句首，而结果状语从句不能。
Iohn went early, so that he got a good seat.约翰去的很早，得到了一个好位置。
Iohn went early so that he could get a good seat.约翰去的很早，为的是得到一个好位置。
The little boy saved every coin_________ __________he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day 八．方式状语从句
方式状态语从句常由as, as if/as though等。例如：
She acted as if/though nothing had happened.It looks as if it'll rain.as if/as though引导方式状语从句要用虚拟语气
第三篇：高考英语总复习测试题-18
亿库教育网
http://www.xiexiebang.com
高考英语总复习测试题-18 选择填空
1.China is a country __________ the third world.a.belonged to b.which belongs to c.which is belonged to d.which is belonging to
2.Yesterday Retty didn‘t come here because of _____.And now she is _________ to play basketball.a.ill ,enough good b.illness, good enough c.sick, enough well d.illness, well enough
3.What do you think ________ in the pan over the fire? a.is there b.has there c.there is d.there has
4.It’s nice ________ her to help me _______ my physics.a.of, with b.for, study c.from, to study d.with ,studying
5.He was bron in the year ______ the Anti-Japaese War ________.a.which, broke out b.when ,broke out C.in which, was broken out d.on which ,was broken out
6.Doctors ______ him again and again to give up ___________.a.suggested/drink b.advised/drinking c.talked/to drink d.discussed/drinking
7.---Why are you late?---I ________ the meeting_________ at 10:00 ,so I caught the 9:00 train.a.think,would start b.thought,will start c.thought would start
亿库教育网
http://www.xiexiebang.com
亿库教育网
http://www.xiexiebang.com d.thought,had started
8.By the age of 26,he________ to speak 7 languages and write 4 of them.a.was learning b.has learned c.learned d.had learned
9.Tom talked to his classmates_____________.a.in a friendly way b.friendly c.like friend d.as friend
10.Have you considered ________ Betty a chance to go to college? a.giving b.to give c.give d.to have given
11.Did slave owners grow very rich ___________ the work of slavers? a.in b.by c.on d.with
12.Peope used _________ that China was poor_______ oil,while in fact,she is rich _______ oil.a.to think ,in ,in b.thinking,at ,at c.for thinking, in ,in d.to think, of ,of
13.Do you consider he __________ your best friend? a.as b.to be c.is d.being
14.I‘ll do __________ help you out of the trouble.Which of the following is wrong? a.what I can to b.that I can to c.my best to d.all I can to
亿库教育网
http://www.xiexiebang.com
亿库教育网
http://www.xiexiebang.com
15.Many students have come into tne classroom.Look!___________ students are coming here.a.more two b.other two c.another two d.two ather
16.He can drink ________ eight bottles of beer each time.But I think he had better not drink_______ beer.a.as much as,as many b.as many as ,so much c.so,much as ,as many d.so many as ,as much
17.Next summer holidays,I will spend the ______________ days at my___________.a.first few,uncle’s b.first a few ,uncle‘s c.first a few,uncle’s d.first few,uncle
18.---Welcome to my house.Would you like a glass of milk and some hamburger?---Yes,________________.a.very well ,thanks b.that would be nice c.you are wonderful d.it certainly is
19.---Why not play football this afternoon?---____________.Who shall we ask? a.Good idea b.That‘s right c.We’d better not d.That‘s all right
20.---Oh,it’s six o‘clock already.I must be off now.---Can ’t you stay a little longer?---____________________.a.I hope not b.Thank you ever so much c.I‘m afraid not d.No,that ’s all
答案
亿库教育网
http://www.xiexiebang.com
亿库教育网
http://www.xiexiebang.com
亿库教育网http://www.xiexiebang.com 1--10:b d c a b b c d a a 11-20:c a c b c b a b a c
第四篇：高考总复习：古诗词鉴赏专题学案边塞征战
剑锋阁
古诗词鉴赏专题（4）——边塞诗
一、知识储备
（一）概念简析
边塞诗派指唐朝开元、天宝年间形成的一个以反映唐朝边界战争生活为主要内容的诗歌流派。边塞诗是唐代诗歌的主要题材，是唐诗当中思想性最深刻，想象力最丰富，艺术性最强的一部分。其代表作家有高适、岑参等诗人。在创作风格上多以雄浑豪放、奔腾俊伟见长。盛唐边塞诗派的出现，开拓了我国古代诗歌题材的一个广阔的领域，表现了盛唐时期激昂壮阔的时代风貌。
（二）边塞诗的类型简析
根据边塞诗选材的角度和表达的情感内容上的不同，边塞诗主要有以下几种类型：
1．从戍边战士的角度，或写战争的惨烈，或写报国的豪情。以王昌龄的《从军行》为例：
青海长云暗雪山，孤城遥望玉门关。黄沙百战穿金甲，不破楼兰终不还。
这首诗以戍边战士的视角，既让我们想见战争的残酷激烈、战事的频繁不断，又让我们看到了战士誓死报国的豪情壮志，以及最后必胜的坚定信念。
2．从闺中主妇的角度，批判战争破坏了人民和平安宁的生活。从思妇的角度写战争给人民带来的苦难，形成独特的边塞闺怨诗。以金昌绪的《春怨》为例：
打起黄莺儿，莫教枝上啼。啼时惊妾梦，不得到辽西。
长年戍边的亲人还健康地活着吗？每天吃得饱吗？身上的棉衣能否御寒？这一切，都让思妇担心、牵挂，而这些担心、牵挂无法得到排解，思念之极就不自觉地出现在白日梦中了。在梦中与思念的人儿相会，也是一种苦涩的幸福啊，难怪女主人要赶走可爱的黄莺鸟。这种无理而有情的动作正揭示了战争破坏了人民安宁的生活，看起来它是一首抒写儿女之情的小诗，实则有深刻的时代内容，反映了当时兵役制下广大人民所承受的痛苦。
3．从旁观者的角度，控诉战争的罪恶。杜甫在《兵车行》中沉痛地写到：“信知生男恶，反是生女好”“君不见青海头，古来白骨无人收。新鬼烦怨旧鬼哭，天阴雨湿声啾啾。”战争使得无数的家庭背井离乡、使得无数的战士变成累累白骨！
高适在《燕歌行》里用对比的手法展示了这样一幅画面：“战士军前半死生，美人帐下犹歌舞。”一方面是前线的战士浴血奋战，随时都有战死的可能；一方面却是将领们纵情声色、歌舞升平。
4．从将士的角度，写因长期戍边而产生的精神上的痛苦。王昌龄的《从军行》较为典型：
琵琶起舞换新声，总只关山旧别情。撩乱边愁听不尽，高高秋月照长城。
这里的“边愁”有对于现实的忧愁、建功立业的渴盼，更有离乡背井抛妇别雏的痛楚、无限的乡愁。
宋人范仲淹的《渔家傲》和《苏幕遮》也表达了因长期戍边又毫无结果而产生的思乡之情。“黯乡魂，追旅思，夜夜除非，好梦留人睡。”“酒如愁肠，化作相思泪。”“浊酒一杯家万里，燕然未勒归无计。”“人不寐，将军白发征夫泪。”这些都是表达思乡之情的典型诗句。
剑锋所指
所向披靡
剑锋阁
二、经典边塞诗歌赏析
《白雪歌送武判官归京》 【唐】岑参
北风卷地白草折，胡天八月即飞雪。忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开。散入珠帘湿罗幕，狐裘不暖锦衾薄。将军角弓不得控，都护铁衣冷犹着。瀚海阑干百丈冰，愁云惨淡万里凝。中军置酒饮归客，胡琴琵琶与羌笛。纷纷暮雪下辕门，风掣红旗冻不翻。轮台东门送君去，去时雪满天山路。山回路转不见君，雪上空留马行处。
【简析】岑参在这首诗中，以诗人的敏锐观察力和浪漫奔放的笔调，描绘了祖国西北边塞的壮丽景色，以及边塞军营送别归京使臣的热烈场面，表现了诗人和边防将士的爱国热情，以及他们对战友的真挚感情。全诗以一天雪景的变化为线索，记叙送别归京使臣的过程，文思开阔，结构缜密。共分三个部分。前八句为第一部分，描写早晨起来看到的奇丽雪景和感受到的突如其来的奇寒。中间四句为第二部分，描绘白天雪景的雄伟壮阔和饯别宴会的盛况。最后六句为第三部分，写傍晚送别友人踏上归途。全文三个部分构成一个有机整体，就象一首边塞壮歌，时促时缓，抑扬顿挫，刚柔相济，正是盛唐时代精神的反映。
《逢入京使》 【唐】岑参
故园东望路漫漫，双袖龙钟泪不干。马上相逢无纸笔，凭君传语报平安。
【简析】《逢入京使》是唐代著名边塞诗人岑参创作的一首七言绝句。全诗描写了诗人远涉边塞，逢入回京使者，托带平安口信，以慰悬望的家人的典型场面，表达了思乡之情，诗文语言朴实，却包含着两大情怀，思乡之情于渴望功名之情，一亲情一豪情，交织相深，感人至深。
《凉州词》 【唐】王翰
葡萄美酒夜光杯，欲饮琵琶马上催。醉卧沙场君莫笑，古来征战几人回。
【简析】边地荒寒艰苦的环境，紧张动荡的征戍生活，使得边塞将士很难得到一次欢聚的酒宴。有幸遇到那么一次，那激昂兴奋的情绪，那开怀痛饮、一醉方休的场面，是不难想象的。这首诗正是这种生活和感情的写照。这是一个欢乐的盛宴，那场面和意境决不是一两个人在那儿浅斟低酌，借酒浇愁。它那明快的语言、跳动跌宕的节奏所反映出来的情绪是奔放的，狂热的；它给人的是一种激动和向往的艺术魅力，这正是盛唐边塞诗的特色。
《出塞》 【唐】王昌龄
秦时明月汉时关，万里长征人未还。但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山。
【简析】这是一首慨叹边战不断，国无良将的边塞诗。诗的首句最耐人寻味。说的是此地汉关，明月秦时，大有历史变换，征战未断的感叹。二句写征人未还，多少儿男战死沙场，留下多少悲剧。
三、四句写出千百年来人民的共同意愿，冀望有“龙城飞将”出现，平息胡乱，安定边防。全诗以平凡的语言，唱出雄浑豁达的主旨，气势流畅，一气呵成，吟之莫不叫绝。全诗反映了作者对驻守边疆的将士们久征未归的同情，也表达了诗人希望朝廷起任良将，早日平息边塞战争，使国家得到安宁，人民过上安定生活的美好心愿的爱国之情。明人李攀龙曾推奖它是唐代七绝压卷之作，实不过分。
《出塞》 【唐】王之涣
黄河远上白云间，一片孤城万仞山。羌笛何须怨杨柳，春风不度玉门关。
【简析】这首诗旨在写凉州险僻，守边艰苦。诗的首句，写汹涌澎湃的黄河，发源于云端，突
剑锋所指
所向披靡
剑锋阁
出其源远流长，展示边地广漠壮阔的风光。次句写凉州城的戍边堡垒，地处险要，境界孤危。
《从军行》 【唐】王昌龄
青海长云暗雪山，孤城遥望玉门关。黄沙百战穿金甲，不破楼兰终不还。
【简析】前两句是一幅集中了东西数千里广阔地域的长卷，是对当时西北边戍边将士生活、战斗典型环境的描写。它是对整个西北边陲的一个鸟瞰，一个概括。第三、四两句由情景交融的环境描写转为直接抒情，极力地概括了戍边时间之漫长，战事之频繁，战斗之艰苦，敌军之强悍，边地之荒凉，但是，在极度恶劣的环境下，金甲尽管磨穿，将士的报国壮志却并没有销磨，而是在大漠风沙的磨炼中变得更加坚定。
《渔家傲〃塞下秋来》 【宋】范仲淹
塞下秋来风景异，衡阳雁去无留意。四面边声连角起。
千嶂里，长烟落日孤城闭。浊酒一杯家万里，燕然未勒归无计。羌管悠悠霜满地。人不寐，将军白发征夫泪。
【简析】这首词反映了边塞生活的艰苦。一方面，表现出作者平息叛乱、反对侵略和巩固边防的决心和意愿，另一方面，也描写了外患未除、功业未建以及久戍边地、士兵思乡等复杂矛盾的心情。上片描绘边地的荒凉景象。通过“边声”、“角起”和“千嶂”、“孤城”等具有特征性的事物，把边地的荒凉景象描绘得有声有色，征人见之闻之，又怎能不百感交集？下片写戍边战士厌战思归的心情。
三、真题实战
（2004年江苏卷）16．阅读下面一首唐代的边塞诗，然后回答问题（6分）
《征人怨》（柳中庸）
岁岁金河复玉关，朝朝马策与刀环。三春白雪归青冢，万里黄河绕黑山。（1）为什么说这是一首边塞诗？结合诗句具体说明。
答：
（2）诗题为“征人怨”，通篇虽无“怨”字，但句句有“怨情”，请作简要赏析。答：（2005年重庆卷）15．阅读下面这首唐诗，然后回答问题。（6分）
《从军行七首》（其二）（王昌龄）
琵琶起舞换新声，总是关山旧别情。撩乱边愁听不尽，高高秋月照长城。（1）“琵琶起舞换新声”与“边愁”是否矛盾？为什么？
答：
（2）“高高秋月照长城”与前三句写法上有何不同？这样的写法有什么好处？
答：
剑锋所指
所向披靡
剑锋阁
（2006年天津卷）16．阅读下面的诗，回答间题。（5分）
《凉州词》（其一）（张 籍）
①②边城暮雨雁飞低，芦笋初生渐欲齐。无数铃声遥过碛，应驮白练到安西。
[注]①碛（qì）沙漠。②练，白绢，丝织品的一种。
（1）“无数铃声遥过碛”句表现了怎样的边塞景象？
答：
（2）本诗运用衬托对比和虚实相生的艺术手法，请简要分析。
答：（2007年山东卷）阅读下面这首清诗，回答问题（8分）
①
《出关》（徐兰）
②凭山俯海古边州，旆影风翻见戍楼。马后桃花马前雪，出关争得不回头？
[注]①关，指居庸关。②旆（pèi），旌旗。
（1）诗的前两句，有版本作“将军此去必封侯，士卒何心肯逗留”，与本诗相比你更喜欢哪一种？请简要说明理由。
答：
（2）“马后桃花马前雪”一句在艺术表现上有什么特点？请作简要分析。
答：（2009年全国卷Ⅱ）12．阅读下面这首唐诗，然后回答问题。（8分）
[注]
《军城早秋》（严武）
昨夜秋风入汉关，朔云边月满西山。更催飞将追骄虏，莫遣沙场匹马还。
[注]严武（726-765）：字季鹰，华州华阴（今属陕西）人。曾任成都尹、剑南节度使，广德二年（764）秋率兵西征，击败吐蕃军队七万多人。
（1）诗的前两句描绘了什么样的景象？有什么寓意？
答：
（2）诗的后两句表现了作者什么样的情怀？请简要分析。
答：
四、技巧点睛
1．要弄清边塞诗此的立意，深挖含蓄的主旨，从总体上对作品进行把握。①抒发报效国家，渴望建功立业的豪情；
②赞颂边疆将士不畏辛劳，保卫边陲的战斗精神、奉献精神；
剑锋所指
所向披靡
剑锋阁
③壮写将士的乡愁、家中亲人（妻子）的离恨；
④表现塞外生活的艰辛，控诉战争的残酷，讽刺并劝谏拓土开边、穷兵黩武的统治者； ⑤描摹塞上绝域的奇异风光，歌颂祖国边塞的大好河山；
⑥注意矛盾心情：慷慨从戎与久戍思乡、卫国激情与艰苦生活、痛恨庸将与献身精神等的矛盾。
2．要弄清景物描写与所抒之情的关系。
景物特点：雄奇、奇丽、奇寒、辽阔、壮阔、广阔。
感情特点：豪迈、豪气、豪情、报国之志、杀敌豪情、昂扬精神。3．要弄清诗词中哪些地方是对战争场面的描写。
战争是非常残酷的，是血淋淋的，从诗歌艺术美学的角度考虑，它一点也不美，不宜直接描写，所以绝大多数诗人都采用侧面描写的方法。那么，怎样去挖掘出来呢？
要抓住与战争有关的意象：
边塞诗中常见的景物：秋月、雪山、大漠、烽烟、孤城、边关、黄沙、长云、雨雪、雁飞、鹰扬、箭飞、马走；
边塞诗中常见的器物：金鼓、旌旗、烽火、羽书、戈、矛、剑、戟、斧、钺、刀、铩； 边塞诗中常见的地名：（胡 羌 羯 夷指少数民族）碛西、轮台、龟兹、夜郎；天山、阴山、受降城、玉门关、关山、阳关、凉州、楼兰；
边塞诗中常见的乐器和音乐：箫、羌笛、琵琶、胡笳、芦管、角、鼓、《折柳曲》、《落梅花》、《关山月》；
剑锋所指
所向披靡
第五篇：高考总复习英语课时作业40
(选修八·Unit 5)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．—Why don't you do some shopping in the second-hand store?
—Well，the goods there are ________，but ________.A．more expensive;worse
B．more expensive;not as bad
C．cheaper;good enough
D．cheaper;not as good
答案与解析：D 考查形容词的用法。由语境结合常识可知，和新货比起来，二手店里的货物价格便宜，但是质量不如新货好。很显现这是把两种店里的货从价格和质量方面进行了比较，后面省略比较状语。
2．He has a terrible toothache.So his mother has to________all his food for him.A．cut outB．cut off
C．cut upD．cut away
答案与解析：C cut up 切碎。句意：因为他牙痛的要命，所以他母亲不得不为他将所有的食物切碎。cut out 切掉，停止；cut off 切断；cut away 切掉，砍掉，均不符合句意。
3．There is not much time left，but________we must get there in time.A．somehowB．somewhat
C．howeverD．anyway
答案与解析：D anyway“不管怎样”。句意：剩下的时间不多了，但是不管怎样，我们必须按时到达那里。somehow“不知怎么地”；somewhat“有点”；however“然而”。
4．As time goes by，the________between the various classes of society are not so sharply marked as they used to be.A．divisionsB．gaps
C．separationsD．intervals
答案与解析：A division“区分”。句意：随着时间的推移，现在社会上各阶层的区分不像过去那样明显了。gap“隔阂”；separation“分开；分离”；interval“间隔”。
5．It's reported that thousands of people are going back to school online for career________or just for fun.A．developmentB．advancement
C．promotionD．relief
答案与解析：B advancement“进步，提高”，此处表示为了改进工作，很多人上网校。development当“经济、社会等的发展”讲；promotion“晋升；推广”；relief“(痛苦，负担等的)缓和”。
6．To our________，computers，far from getting rid of jobs，can create employment.A．anxietyB．relief
C．viewD．judgment
答案与解析：B to one's relief使某人欣慰的是。根据句意，空白处应填入一个名词构成表示“使我们感到放心”之意的介词短语。anxiety意为“焦虑”；view意为“观点”；judgment意为“判断”。句意：使我们欣慰的是，电脑完全不是消除工作，而能创造工作。
7．Not having enough to eat，many died from________in the search for the new land.A．hungryB．thirst
C．strategyD．starvation
答案与解析：D 根据not having enough to eat可知许多人死于饥饿，可排除B、C项；A项hungry为形容词，所以选D项。
8．________his wife's strong objection，the husband insisted on putting all the money they had into the stock market，which almost drove her crazy.A．Regardless ofB．In relation to
C．On behalf ofD．In memory of
答案与解析：A regardless of“不管，不顾”。
9．She tried to explain what had happened but he________her several times.A．botheredB．spoiled
C．cutD．interrupted
答案与解析：D interrupt“打断；插话”。bother“麻烦”；spoil“宠坏”；cut“切”。
10．Let's________that there is a selection this month.What is the result likely to be，given the latest opinion polls?
A．assumeB．announce
C．assistD．approve
答案与解析：A assume“假定；设想”，符合题意。
11．He was________when customs officers found drugs in his bag.A．arguedB．fought
C．persuadedD．arrested
答案与解析：D arrest“逮捕”符合题意。argue“争论”；fight“打架”；persuade“说服”。
12．—I wonder if you are satisfied with my proposal.—But I prefer to see an________one before making a decision.A．alternativeB．another
C．otherD．others
答案与解析：A 根据句子意思可知回答者希望能有选择的余地再做决定，可与one搭配的只有alternative。another前不需要冠词。
13．The origin of Chinese culture________more than 5,000 years ago.A．is dated back toB．dates back to
C．is dated fromD．dates back
答案与解析：B more than 5,000 years ago是时间点而不是时间段，故排除D项。date back to还可以用date from来表示，它们都无进行时态和被动语态，故选B项。
14．Everyone should________and save a little money each year for when he retires.A．look forwardB．look up
C．look aheadD．look into
答案与解析：C look ahead“为将来打算”，符合题意。look forward“期望”；look up“向上看”；look into“调查”。
15．—I just hear the tickets for tonight's film had been sold out.—Oh，no！________.A．It's not at all interesting
B．It doesn't matter
C．I was looking forward to that
D．I know
答案与解析：C 题意：“今天晚上的电影票已经卖完了。”“哦，不！我一直盼着呢！”只有C项能表达说话者的迫切的心情。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Starbucks coffee shops can be found all over America and in more than thirty countries around the would.Many people think they are great places to enjoy a cup of hot coffee or tea.But others dislike the company.If you are in any major city in America，the chances are great that you are not far from a Starbucks.In fact，you might be very close to several of these coffee shops.The company started in the West Coast city of Seattle，Washington，in 1971.Starbucks was named after a character in the famous American novel Moby-Dick by Herman Melville.Today，there are more than 12 000 Starbucks around the world.Sales in 2008 were almost eight billion dollars.Starbucks sells more than just plain coffee.It started a whole coffee culture with its own special language and coffee workers called“baristas”．It sells many kinds of hot and cold coffee drinks；like White Chocolate Mocha and Frappuccino.It also sells music recorders，coffee makers，food，and even books.But most of all，it sells the idea of being a warm and friendly place for
people to sit，read or talk.Starbucks is a great successful story.Buiers are willing to pay as much as five dollars for coffee drink.Many people say they go to Starbucks because they can depend on it to have exactly what they want and it is nearby.Some say Starbucks has helped to educate people about coffee from many countries.However，some people do not like the company's expansion.Owners of independent coffee stores cannot compete with Starbucks.Some small coffee sellers even took the company to court，saying Starbucks controls the market and forces out competition.1.Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?
A．Starbucks，the Coffee Giant(巨人)
B．The World's Starbucks
C．Starbucks，Selling Ideas
D．Starbucks，In or Out
答案与解析：A确立文章标题。文章主要介绍拥有众多连锁店的咖啡店巨无霸Starbucks，B、C、D三项都只是介绍Starbucks coffee shops的某一个侧面，较片面。
2.People will go to Starbucks for coffee drink because of________.A．the sense of satisfaction there
B．the highly educated baristas
C．the plain taste of the drink
D．the low price there
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。由第四段第三句“Many people say they go to Starbucks because they can depend on it to have exactly what they want”由此推断人们去Starbucks是由于一种满足感。
3.What do you think takes the most important role in Starbucks' success?
A．Selling their ideas.B．The coffee culture they have created.C．Their great economic power.D．All kinds of their coffee drinks.答案与解析：B 判断推理题。由第三段中“Starbucks sells more than just plain coffee.It started a whole coffee culture with its own special language...But most of all it sells the idea of being a warm and friendly place for people to sit，read or talk”可推断Starbucks成功之处在于他们创立的咖啡文化。
4.The writer's attitude towards Starbucks is________in writing the passage.A．supportiveB．critical(批评的)
C．objectiveD．doubtful
答案与解析：C 判断作者态度题。本文介绍Starbucks咖啡连锁店特有的文化经营理念，所以作者的态度是客观的。
Ⅲ.篇章结构
“__1__It all depends on your personality，”said British naturalist Richard Mabey.“Personality shapes your view of the season，”he said.“You may see it as a fading away，a packing up(结束)，or as a time of packing in another sense –the gathering of resources before a long journey.” __2__ About November，he wrote：
No warmth，no cheerfulness，no healthful ease
No shade，no shine，no butterflies，no bees
November!
On the other hand，another English poet John Keats，already sensing he was seriously ill，was inspired by a late September day to pen one of the most famous poems in the English language，According to Richard Mabey，Keats has the biological evidence on his For example，just at the moment that Keats's“gathering swallows”(in To Autumn)are departing for Africa，millions of creatures are fleeing from the frozen north like Iceland，Greenland and Russia
to winter along the east and south coasts of Britain.People might argue that it is the coloring of the leaves and their eventual fall that make people feel sad about autumn.But no one is sure why trees drop their leaves in the first place.It may be likely to rid the poisonous material trees collect over A century after Keats，the American poet Loren Eiseley wrote in his journal：“Suppose we saw ourselves burning like maples in a golden autumn.And suppose we could disintegrate(瓦解)like autumn leaves...Would not our attitude towards death be different？”
A.Autumn is not a time of slowing down，but a time of new beginnings and great movements of creatures.B．He wrote to a friend afterwards that there was something comforting and healing about autumn.C．Keats thought we should take a negative attitude towards death.D．Autumn means different to different people.E．If this is true，perhaps it tells us a little about，for instance，Thomas Hood，the 19th Century English poet.F．More likely，it is a way of reducing the loss of water，which tree roots find hard to take in from cold soil.G．The fall of tree leaves is more likely to make people sad.答案： 1.D 2.E 3.B 4.A 5.F
Ⅳ.短文改错
On a snowy winter night，a bus with 45 passenger had an accident because the slippery road.And all of them were trapping in the bus and what was worse，the bus ran out of gas and it is very cold in it.They could do nothing but to wait for help.A man who lived nearby saw what had happened.He and some villagers tried to open the door and helped all of whom out of the bus.He took them to his home but offered them food and water and even some warm clothes for children.They spent two days in his home and finally help came.All of them were thankfully for his kind help.答案：
On a snowy winter night，a bus with 45had an accident because ∧ the slippery of
road.And all of them were trapping in the bus and what was worse，the bus ran out of gas and itvery cold in it.They could do nothing but towait for help.A man who lived nearby saw
what had happened.He and some villagersto open the door and helped all ofout of the bus.He took them to his home but offered them food and water and even some warm clothes for ∧ children.They spent two days in his home and finally help came.All of them were the
for his kind help.
点击咨询 