2009年全国高考江苏英语试题答案

第一篇：2009年全国高考江苏英语试题答案

土右旗农技推广体系现状和问题

土右旗农业技术推广中心 智宇航

土默特右旗地处呼和浩特、包头二市之间，北依大青山，南临黄河，全旗共辖17个乡镇，1个生态管委会，农业人口28.5万人，现有耕地116万亩，是典型的平原农业大旗。自20世纪80年代以来，土右旗建立了以旗级农技服务为中心，乡镇为纽带，村为桥梁，上下贯通，左右相连的农技推广服务网络，对全旗的农业和农村经济的发展做出了不可替代的作用。但是从20世纪90年代起，在历次县、乡机构改革中，农技推广机构都成为主要精简目标。随之在农技推广工作中出现了一些非常突出并急待解决的问题。

一、土右旗农技推广体系现状

做好农技推广工作，加速科技成果向现实生产力转化是解决“三农”问题的重要举措。1996年的乡镇机构改革，首先是从乡镇农技部门开始的，对其实行了“三定”，改革后，“人财物”三权下放乡镇。2002年的乡镇机构改革，对其实行“断奶、脱钩”，将农技、农机、农经、畜牧、水利、林业合并为综合站，农技人员听从于乡镇安排。据调查，全旗大多数乡镇农技干部都是“占其职不谋其政”，诸如包村、包片、计划生育、税费收缴、综合治理等中心工作，根本无暇顾及农技推广。

土右旗现有农技推广机构19个，其中：县级1个，乡级18个，种植业推广机构人数318人，其中县级人数50人，乡级268人，国家编制人数为302人，其中县级45人，乡级257人。县、乡农技机构实行差额拔款，定编人员经费4500元/人。

全旗种植业农技推广组织职工素质状况，学历状况：大专以上学历有20人，占6%，中专及高中人数201人，占63%；年龄结构：36至49岁人员188人，占59%，50岁及以上人数34人，占10%；职称状况：有专业技术职称人数129人，占职工人数的41%，其中，中级职称人数18人，占职工总数的6%，初级及以下职称人数111人。

全旗种植业推广机构职工从事技术推广人员数218人，占职工总数的69%，其中具备本专业学历人数81人，占职工总人数的25%。旗级农业技术推广中心由土右旗农牧业局主管，乡镇农技站由各乡镇政府管理。

以旗农业技术推广中心为例，自1997年以来定为“准科级事业单位”，人员编制45人，承担着农技推广、植物保护、渔政管理、农村能源、农广校、多种经营等几项重要公益性工作。2001年随着改革，旗政府为减轻财政压力，核定农业中心为差额事业单位，人员经费4500元/人。经费锐减，职能激增，呈现出严重的酬不抵劳现象。具体情况如下：

1、执法职能：有植物检疫、农药管理、无公害认证、渔政 2 管理、土肥监测、耕地保护、农技推广等法律法规职能。

2、公益职能：

—— 植保植检：新农药、新植保技术的试验、示范、推广

—— 农技推广：新作物品种、新栽培技术的试验、示范、推广

—— 水产养殖：新水产品种、新养殖技术的试验、示范、推广

—— 新肥料、新施肥技术的试验、示范、推广

—— 多种经营：新经济作物及新栽培技术的试验、示范、推广

—— 农广校：招收农村生源，培训广大农民

—— 农村能源：户用沼气池、小型沼气工程、秸杆气化等生物能源及太阳能、风能的试验、示范、推广

3、上级对口业务部门有：

农业技术推广站（含农村生态能源办）；植检植保站（含农药检定站）；水产站；土壤肥料站；多种经营站（主要是经济作物）；农广校。

4、一般性推广服务：主要是接受涉农企事业单位委托，进行相应的工作，可逐步走向市场经营的方向，但目前条件尚未成熟。

综上所述，旗农业中心的经费水平与职能范畴极不匹配，按 3 目前中心的经费水平，只能承担所述职能的1—2部分，可中心却在全部承担，实在是勉强维持，步履艰难。

二、农技推广体系发展中存在的主要问题

（一）农技推广投资严重不足

由于旗乡财政不宽裕，推广经费长期严重短缺，投入不足，致使旗、乡农业技术推广机构在设施设备上还在用上世纪80年代搞商品粮基地建设时留下的老底子，服务设施和手段严重落后；现有的农技人员待遇严重偏低，更难以吸引大中专毕业生充实进来从事这项工作。财政供给的窘迫状况，严重制约了旗、乡农技推广机构公益性职能的正常发挥。今年我旗承担的国家和自治区的玉米良种补贴项目，在实施过程中，财政状况较好的乡镇如大城西、明沙淖、将军尧等在落实推广过程中，给予农技人员一定的推广经费，良种补贴项目就落实得较好，宣传到位。而财政状况困难的乡镇，如三道河、双龙、沙海子等乡镇，推广经费严重缺乏，工作力度不够，宣传乏力，群众认识不高，出现了播种面积小、播种迟、种植不规范等一系列情况。同时农技部门和其它部门相比较工作任务重，农技人员的收入低，工作条件艰苦，许多农技干部不得不“跳农门”。

（二）非专业技术人员过多，知识断层与知识老化问题严重 农技推广人员结构不合理。现阶段从事旗乡两级种植业技术人员比重偏少，特别是农民生产上急需水产、园艺、蔬菜、植保 4 专业技术人员更少，均不适应新时期农业技术推广的需要。以县农技推广中心为例，全中心50人中从事种植技术推广的27人，其中从事水产工作的2人，从事植保工作的7人，且存所学专业与岗位不符的现象。

非专业技术人员过多。在全旗种植业技术人员中，非专业技术人员占70%左右，而大专以上学历人员仅占人员总数的5%，具备本专业学历人员占总人数的26%，从农技人员所从事的工作情况看，从事农技推广工作的专业技术人员才一半左右，而非专业技术人员从事技术推广工作的比例则高达20%。

知识断层与知识老化问题严重。从2000年—2003年全旗县、乡农技站没有增加过新毕业的农业院校毕业生。因为经费短缺，农技人员无法参加各种继续教育和相关专业培训，1996年以来旗、乡两级的农技人员中没有一位同志进行过脱产学习，在从事农技推广工作的人员中参加过种植业技术短期培训和进修的只有10人（包括在职攻读中专、大专等人员），占总数的0.03%。旗、乡两级大部分农技人员知识严重老化，所拥有技术多为常规种植技术，真正掌握“名、特、优”种养管理技术的很少。这种状况表明：农技推广人员的知识断层与知识老化现象相当严重。

由于以上三方面的原因，我旗农技推广工作进行的难度就较大。还以今年落实玉米良种补贴为例，旗、乡两级的非专业农技人员在落实过程中就显得工作吃力，推广力度不够，甚至有少数 5 人技术培训不到位，不受广大农民欢迎；部分专业过硬的农技人员，虽能够较好地完成该项工作，而且得到广大农户的好评和认可，但待遇太低，也存在着应付差事的现象。

（三）农技推广体制不合理

乡镇农技推广机构的人、财、物管理权下放后，导致旗、乡两级农技推广部门业务断链，乡镇农技人员绝大部分时间在从事乡镇“中心”工作。另外，也为各种关系挤占农口指标就业提供了机会，在农技推广机构中，从1996年以来增加的人员，非农专业人员所占比例高达30%。这种旗乡断链的农技推广体制，在工作过程中，矛盾重重，很难适应新时期农技推广工作的需要。诸如今年在玉米良种补贴、沼气池建设等农技推广工作中，推广落实工作的难度就显得尤为突出。

三、我旗农技推广体系创新的建议

1、改革农技推广体制

在机构设臵上要明确行政执法、社会公益及一般推广机构的性质。合理设臵机构，对公共性法律法规授权、委托执法和行政管理的机构，应由财政全额供养；对经营性机构应大力扶持，实行企业化管理。种植业推广机构要设臵跨乡镇的区域站或乡镇站，作为旗级推广机构的派出机构，全旗统一重新定编、定岗，根据实际工作需要，旗级农技中心因工作量大，要增加现有编制，核定50人为宜，乡镇推广机构要以区域站或乡镇站的形式设臵，6 区域站以邻近的两个乡镇设立。因我旗耕地面积116万亩，主要种植小麦、玉米、向日葵、马铃薯、胡麻、麻子、甘草、苹果、葡萄、杏、李，以种植面积1万亩设臵一名农技人员，推广机构区域站建设8—10个，每站15—20人或乡镇站每站5—10人为宜，管理权限归属旗级或农业行政部门主管。

2、创新农技推广管理机制

对社会公益性推广机构一是要按专业定岗定编，并确保专业人员比例不少于80%；二是要对专业人员定期进行培训，实行再教育，培养综合型人才；三是按专业岗位择优聘用，对推广人员由身份管理向岗位管理转变；四是对专业技术职称评定实行评聘分开，不搞终身制；五是不管实行乡镇农技推广区域站还是乡镇站都应明确县级政府和农业主管部门的管理职责，便于农技推广工作的统筹安排。

3、保证必需的财政供给，增加农技推广资金投入 各级财政要加大对农业推广计划的支持力度，增加财政支农资金用于农技推广的份额。实践证明，能否保证财政供给是关乎农技推广机构能否全面地履行公益性职能的先决条件，只有经费的足额投入，才能增强农业科技推广服务功能，有效地为广大农民服务。

２００９.１０.１８

第二篇：江苏高考英语作文模版

南京育才教育英语试卷

高考英语作文模版

话题作文

Nowadays, there are more and more(某种现象)in(某种场合).It is estimated that(相关数据).Why have there been so many(某种现象)? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is(原因一).Besides,(原因二).The third one is(原因三).To sum up, the main cause of(某种现象)is due to(最主要原因).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing,(解决办法一).On the other hand,(解决办法二).All these measures will certainly reduce the number of(某种现象).对比观点题型

（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

1． 有一些人认为。。

2． 另一些人认为。。

3． 我的看法。。

The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）.The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点

Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）.For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．

阐述主题题型

要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．

１． 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．

２． 分析并举例使其更充实．

The good old proverb----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that----------------(释义).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(举例说明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(举例说明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)．

In my opinion,----------------(我的观点).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

１． 问题现状

２． 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second,---------------(举例进一步说明现状)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解决方法一).For another-------------(解决方法二).Finally,--------------(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that-------------(我的解决方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(带来的好处).说明利弊题型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）

１． 说明事物现状

２． 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）

３． 你对现状（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的优点之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(对前景的预测)．)

议论文的框架

(1)不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly

___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.(3)答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.图表作文的框架

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily

rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.实用性写作(申请信)

Your address

Month, Date, year

Receiver's address

Dear...,I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours,X X X

高考英语作文模板：现象说明文

Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________

____.In Conclusion____________________.一种事物或现象（负面意义倾向）

关于A的话题,早已引起了广泛的社会关注。如今在电视、报纸、日常生活的很多角落，都有越来越多的关于A的议论。

给A一个精确恒定的定义并非易事，因为它的概念涉及了科学、人性、思想、经济、社会、自然等广阔的领域。一般而言，我们可以这样描述A…

A能成为公众关注的焦点，主要是由于它对个人、集体乃至整个世界都有着不容忽视的不良影响。

认真分析后我们可以看到，A对社会/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，从最直观的角度来看，A的出现直接损害了（这里加入一句针对性的话，如人类的身体健康和环境的平衡）。（举例）。其次，从更深一层次上讲，它为人类的精神文明蒙上了一层阴影。更可怕的是，由于A所产生微小利益，却促成了许多可悲的人们为其忘乎所以，破坏了人类生存的法则和空间。事实上，A的出现是社会发展和人类进步的产物，A所带来的危害是人类进化过程中付出的代价。同时，A的产生来源于部分人们的自私和趋利性，他们看到的是肤浅和片面的利益，而从未从整个全局和人类整体的利益出发去认识和分析它。这使得A始终挥之不去。对此，我奉劝他们，跳出狭小的角落，用长远和全局的眼光去重新审视A。

而如今，我们已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我们必须从根源上杜绝它的产生，我们每一个人都应给予A高度的重视，用系统的和科学的方法去解决，唯有这样，避免它带来更多损失，我们人类前进的脚步才会更加平稳，更加欢快的迈向辉煌的明天。

One object or phenomenon(negative significance inclination.)

A has attracted extensive attention of the society.Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations of

A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly.Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world.It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly.The essence of these wrong actions is:

(1)to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;

(2)to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests.However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production.Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem.We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.

第三篇：江苏高考英语作文模版

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高考英语作文模版

话题作文

Nowadays, there are more and more(某种现象)in(某种场合).It is estimated that(相关数据).Why have there been so many(某种现象)? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is(原因一).Besides,(原因二).The third one is(原因三).To sum up, the main cause of(某种现象)is due to(最主要原因).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing,(解决办法一).On the other hand,(解决办法二).All these measures will certainly reduce the number of(某种现象).对比观点题型

（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

1． 有一些人认为。。

2． 另一些人认为。。

3． 我的看法。。

The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）.The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点

Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）.For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．

阐述主题题型

要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．

１． 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．

２． 分析并举例使其更充实．

The good old proverb----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that----------------(释义).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(举例说明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(举例说明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)．

In my opinion,----------------(我的观点).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.www.xiexiebang.com 江苏省中小学英语教学提供

解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

１． 问题现状

２． 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second,---------------(举例进一步说明现状)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解决方法一).For another-------------(解决方法二).Finally,--------------(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that-------------(我的解决方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(带来的好处).说明利弊题型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）

１． 说明事物现状

２． 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）

３． 你对现状（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的优点之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(对前景的预测)．)议论文的框架

(1)不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.www.xiexiebang.com 江苏省中小学英语教学提供

（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.(3)答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.图表作文的框架

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there

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are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.实用性写作(申请信)

Your address

Month, Date, year Receiver's address Dear...，I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours, X X X

高考英语作文模板：现象说明文

Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________

____.In Conclusion____________________.一种事物或现象（负面意义倾向）

关于A的话题,早已引起了广泛的社会关注。如今在电视、报纸、日常生活的很多角落，都有越来越多的关于A的议论。

给A一个精确恒定的定义并非易事，因为它的概念涉及了科学、人性、思想、经济、社会、自然等广阔的领域。一般而言，我们可以这样描述A… A能成为公众关注的焦点，主要是由于它对个人、集体乃至整个世界都有着不容忽视的不良影响。

认真分析后我们可以看到，A对社会/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，从最直观的角度来看，A的出现直接损害了（这里加入一句针对性的话，如人类的身体健康和环境的平衡）。（举例）。其次，从更深一层次上讲，它为人类的精神文明蒙上了一层阴影。更可怕的是，由于A所产生微小利益，却促成了许多可悲的人们为其忘乎所以，破坏了人类生存的法则和空间。

事实上，A的出现是社会发展和人类进步的产物，A所带来的危害是人类进化过程中付出的www.xiexiebang.com 江苏省中小学英语教学提供

代价。同时，A的产生来源于部分人们的自私和趋利性，他们看到的是肤浅和片面的利益，而从未从整个全局和人类整体的利益出发去认识和分析它。这使得A始终挥之不去。对此，我奉劝他们，跳出狭小的角落，用长远和全局的眼光去重新审视A。

而如今，我们已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我们必须从根源上杜绝它的产生，我们每一个人都应给予A高度的重视，用系统的和科学的方法去解决，唯有这样，避免它带来更多损失，我们人类前进的脚步才会更加平稳，更加欢快的迈向辉煌的明天。

One object or phenomenon(negative significance inclination.)

A has attracted extensive attention of the society.Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations of A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly.Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world.It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly.The essence of these wrong actions is:

(1)to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;

(2)to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests.However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production.Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem.We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy

2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard

3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technolo提高英语写作分数的88个词组 gy

4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that„

6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

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7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention

8.不可否认 It is undeniable that„/ There is no denying that„

9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate

10.有争议性的问题 a controversial issue

11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument

12.一些人 „而另外一些人 „ Some people„ while others„

13.就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally，14.就„达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on„

15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

16.双方的论点 argument on both sides

17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in„

18.对„必不可少 be indispensable to „

19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:

20.„也不例外 „be no exception

21.对„产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on„

22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

26.竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation

27.开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision

28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden

30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration

31.从另一个角度 from another perspective

32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts

33.对„有益 be beneficial / conducive to„

34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society

35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for„

36.综合素质 comprehensive quality

37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach

39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to„

40.应当承认 Admittedly，41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty

42.满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of„

43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information

44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources

45.因特网 the Internet(一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)

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46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient

47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

48.环保(的)environmental protection / environmentally friendly

49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress

50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology

51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue

52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion

53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence

54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way

55.理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice

56.„必然趋势 an irresistible trend of„

57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition

58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest

59.长远利益.interest in the long run

60.„有其自身的优缺点 „ has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages

61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones

62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。

63.对„有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to

64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

65.跟上„的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …

66.采取有效措施来„ take effective measures to do sth

67.„的健康发展 the healthy development of „

68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。

No garden without weeds。

69.对„观点因人而异 Views on „vary from person to person。

70.重视 attach great importance to„

71.社会地位 social status

72.把时间和精力放在„上 focus time and energy on„

73.扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge

74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally

75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to„

76.提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal

77.可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that

78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden

79.优先考虑/发展„ give(top)priority to sth。

80.与„比较 compared with„/ in comparison with

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81.相反 in contrast / on the contrary。

82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of

83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water

84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities

85.社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress

86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that„

87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding

88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of

第四篇：江苏高考英语作文模版

高考英语作文模版 话题作文

Nowadays, there are more and more(某种现象)in(某种场合).It is estimated that(相关数据).Why have there been so many(某种现象)? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is(原因一).Besides,(原因二).The third one is(原因三).To sum up, the main cause of(某种现象)is due to(最主要原因).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing,(解决办法一).On the other hand,(解决办法二).All these measures will certainly reduce the number of(某种现象).对比观点题型

（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1．有一些人认为。。2．另一些人认为。。3．我的看法。。

The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）.The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）.For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)． 阐述主题题型

要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述． １．阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义． ２．分析并举例使其更充实．

The good old proverb----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that----------------(释义).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(举例说明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(举例说明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)．

In my opinion,----------------(我的观点).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 １．问题现状

２．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second,---------------(举例进一步说明现状)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解决方法一).For another-------------(解决方法二).Finally,--------------(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that-------------(我的解决方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(带来的好处).说明利弊题型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）１．说明事物现状

２．事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）３．你对现状（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的优点之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(对前景的预测)．)议论文的框架

(1)不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.(3)答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.图表作文的框架 as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.实用性写作(申请信)Your address

Month, Date, year Receiver's address Dear...，I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours, X X X 高考英语作文模板：现象说明文

Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________

____.In Conclusion____________________.一种事物或现象（负面意义倾向）

关于A的话题,早已引起了广泛的社会关注。如今在电视、报纸、日常生活的很多角落，都有越来越多的关于A的议论。

给A一个精确恒定的定义并非易事，因为它的概念涉及了科学、人性、思想、经济、社会、自然等广阔的领域。一般而言，我们可以这样描述A„

A能成为公众关注的焦点，主要是由于它对个人、集体乃至整个世界都有着不容忽视的不良影响。

认真分析后我们可以看到，A对社会/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，从最直观的角度来看，A的出现直接损害了（这里加入一句针对性的话，如人类的身体健康和环境的平衡）。（举例）。其次，从更深一层次上讲，它为人类的精神文明蒙上了一层阴影。更可怕的是，由于A所产生微小利益，却促成了许多可悲的人们为其忘乎所以，破坏了人类生存的法则和空间。

事实上，A的出现是社会发展和人类进步的产物，A所带来的危害是人类进化过程中付出的代价。同时，A的产生来源于部分人们的自私和趋利性，他们看到的是肤浅和片面的利益，而从未从整个全局和人类整体的利益出发去认识和分析它。这使得A始终挥之不去。对此，我奉劝他们，跳出狭小的角落，用长远和全局的眼光去重新审视A。

而如今，我们已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我们必须从根源上杜绝它的产生，我们每一个人都应给予A高度的重视，用系统的和科学的方法去解决，唯有这样，避免它带来更多损失，我们人类前进的脚步才会更加平稳，更加欢快的迈向辉煌的明天。

One object or phenomenon(negative significance inclination.)

A has attracted extensive attention of the society.Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations of A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly.Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world.It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly.The essence of these wrong actions is:

(1)to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;

(2)to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests.However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production.Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem.We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy

2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard

3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technolo提高英语写作分数的88个词组 gy

4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that„

6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention

8.不可否认 It is undeniable that„/ There is no denying that„

9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate

10.有争议性的问题 a controversial issue

11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument

12.一些人„而另外一些人„ Some people„ while others„

13.就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally，14.就„达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on„

15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点 argument on both sides 17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in„ 18.对„必不可少 be indispensable to „ 19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 20.„也不例外„be no exception 21.对„产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on„ 22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon 25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26.竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 27.开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision 28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills 29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden 30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration 31.从另一个角度 from another perspective 32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts 33.对„有益 be beneficial / conducive to„

34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society 35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for„ 36.综合素质 comprehensive quality 37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach 39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to„ 40.应当承认 Admittedly, 41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty 42.满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of„

43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information 44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources 45.因特网 the Internet(一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient 47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life 48.环保(的)environmental protection / environmentally friendly 49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress 50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology 51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue 52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion 53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence 54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way 55.理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice 56.„必然趋势 an irresistible trend of„

57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition 58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest 59.长远利益.interest in the long run

60.„有其自身的优缺点„ has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages

61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones

62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。

63.对„有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to

64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

65.跟上„的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of „

66.采取有效措施来„ take effective measures to do sth

67.„的健康发展 the healthy development of „

68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。

No garden without weeds。

69.对„观点因人而异 Views on „vary from person to person。

70.重视 attach great importance to„

71.社会地位 social status

72.把时间和精力放在„上 focus time and energy on„

73.扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge

74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally

75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to„

76.提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal

77.可以取代“think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that

78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden

79.优先考虑/发展„ give(top)priority to sth。

80.与„比较 compared with„/ in comparison with

81.相反 in contrast / on the contrary。

82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of

83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water

84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities

85.社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress

86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that„

87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding

88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of

第五篇：2009年全国高考海南地理试题答案

金属非金属矿山主要负责人和安全管理人员培训复习题

一、单选

1.《生产安全事故报告和调查处理条例》规定单位负责人接到事故报告后，应当于（A）小时内向事故发生地县级以上人民政府安全生产监督管理部门和负有安全生产监督管理职责的有关部门报告。A.1 B.3 C.5 D7 2.《生产安全事故应急预案管理办法》规定生产经营单位制定的应急预案应当至少每（C）年修订一次,预案修订情况应有记录并归档。A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 3.《关于加强金属非金属矿山安全基础管理的指导意见》规定露天矿山专职安全管理人员不少于（B）人。A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 4.对小型金属非金属矿山，发生一次较大责任事故或一年内连续发生两起一般责任事故的主要负责人，暂扣其《安全资格证》，责令参加复训，复训不合格的吊销其《安全资格证》，（B）年内不得颁发。A.1 B.3 C.5 D7 5.水平运输平巷作为安全出口时，必须保证人力运输的有效宽度不小于（A）m。

A.0.7 B.0.8 C.0.9 D.1.0 6.防止地表水灾基本的要求是，竖井、斜井、平硐等井口标高要高于当地历史最高洪水水位（C）米以上。A.0.8 B.0.9 C1.0 D.1.2

7.露天矿爆破作业必须设立警戒线，爆破安全允许距离由设计确定，但最低不小于（D）m A.50 B.100 C.150 D.200 8.穿孔作业中，钻机移动时，机下应有工作人员引导和监护。钻机不宜在坡度超过（C）°的坡面上行走；如超过这个角度，必须放下钻架，并采取防倾覆措施。A.5 B.10 C.15 D.20 9.（A）是最成功、应用最广泛的一种控制爆破方法。A.减振爆破

B.预裂爆破 C.缓冲爆破 D.微差爆破 10.（B）是最简单的一种控制爆破方法。

A.减振爆破

B.预裂爆破 C.缓冲爆破 D.微差爆破

11.《作业场所职业危害申报管理办法》规定作业场所职业危害（B）申报一次。

A每半年

B.每年

C.每两年

D.每三年

12.《关于加强金属非金属矿山安全基础管理的指导意见》规定地下矿山专职安全管理人员不少于（C）人。A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 13.每个矿井至少要有两个独立的直达地面的安全出口，安全出口间距不小于（C）m。A.20 B.25 C.30 D.35 14.运输斜井作为安全出口时，必须保证人行道的有效净高不小于（B）m。

A.1.8 B.1.9 C.2.0 D.2.1

15.露天矿山企业必须遵循（B）开采顺序。A.自下而上

B.自上而下

C.自内而外

D.自外而内

16.小型露天采石场不能采用分台阶开采的，应当自上而下分层开采，实施浅眼爆破时，分层高度不得超过（A）米。A.6 B.8 C.15 D.20 17.采装工作中装车时不得将铲斗压碰汽车车帮，铲斗卸矿高度不得超过（B）m，以免振伤司机,砸坏车辆。A.0.2 B.0.5 C.0.7 D.0.9 18.（C）的主要优点是施工比较迅速，安装简便，靠重力疏干，几乎不需要维护，布设灵活，能适应地质条件的变化。

A.地表排水

B.地下水疏干 C.水平疏干孔

D.垂直疏干井 19.关于金属非金属矿山事故处理，事故发生单位对事故发生负有责任的，将按规定进行处罚，其中发生重大事故的，将处以（C）的罚款。

A.10万元以上20万元以下 B.20万元以上50万元以下 C.50万元以上200万元以下 D.200万元以上500万元以下

20.在处理瞎炮时，应在爆破（B）min后再进入现场处理。A.15 B.20 C.25 D.30 21.《作业场所职业危害申报管理办法》规定作业场所职业危害（B）

申报一次。

A每半年

B.每年

C.每两年

D.每三年

22.水平运输平巷作为安全出口时，必须保证人力运输的有效宽度不小于（A）m。

A.0.7 B.0.8 C.0.9 D.1.0

二、多选

1.《生产安全事故报告和调查处理条例》规定，发生了事故，事故调查处理过程中最重要的一条原则就是“四不放过”，下列说法正确的是（ABCD）

A．事故原因没有查清不放过 B．事故责任者没有严肃处理不放过 C．广大职工没有受过教育不放过 D.防范措施没有落实不放过

2.《生产安全事故应急预案管理办法》规定生产经营单位的应急预案按照针对情况的不同，分为（ABC）A综合应急预案 B.专项应急预案 C.现场处置方案 D.综合处置方案

3.锚杆(索)一般有（ABD）三部分组成。A.锚头

B.拉伸段

C伸长段 D锚固段

4.关于电气工作安全措施中的安全组织措施，下列说法正确的是

（ABC）A.工作票制度 B.工作监护制度 C.恢复送电制度 D.工作组织制度

5.露天矿对地表水和地下水治理的一般措施有（ABCD）。A.地表排水

B.水平疏干孔

C.垂直疏干井

D.地下疏干巷道 6.《生产安全事故信息报告和处置办法》规定生产经营单位负责人向有关部门报告用电话快报事故信息时，其内容包括（ACD）A．事故发生单位的名称、地址、性质； B．已经采取的措施 C．事故发生的时间、地点

D．事故已经造成或者可能造成的伤亡人数(包括下落不明、涉险的人数)7.加强作业现场劳动组织管理中要严肃查处“三违”行为，关于“三违”下列说法正确的是（ACD）

A.违章作业

B.违章建筑

C.违章指挥

D.违反劳动纪律 8.下列属于抗滑桩加固边坡优点的有（ABCD）A布置灵活

B.施工不影响滑体的稳定性 C.施工工艺简单 D速度快

9.关于造成坝基渗漏的设计方面原因，下列说法正确的是（AD）A.对坝址的地质勘探工作做得不够 B.天然铺盖被破坏

C.在坝后任意取土，影响地基的渗透稳定 D.铺盖在渗水压力作用下破坏

10.下列关于危险源的控制下列说法正确的是（ABD）。A技术控制 B人行为控制 C组织控制 D管理控制。

11.关于造成坝基渗漏的设计方面原因，下列说法正确的是（AD）A.对坝址的地质勘探工作做得不够 B.天然铺盖被破坏

C.在坝后任意取土，影响地基的渗透稳定 D.铺盖在渗水压力作用下破坏

12.露天矿对地表水和地下水治理的一般措施有（ABCD）。A.地表排水

B.水平疏干孔

C.垂直疏干井

D.地下疏干巷道

三、判断题

1.金属非金属矿山是我国重要的基础产业，在国民经济中占有重要的地位。（√）

2.生产经营单位应当制定本单位的应急预案演练计划，根据本单位的事故预防重点，每年至少组织一次综合应急预案演练或者专项应急预

案演练，每年至少组织一次现场处置方案演练。（√）

3.生产经营单位的主要负责人对本单位作业场所的职业危害防治工作全面负责。（×）

4.《作业场所职业危害申报管理办法》规定作业场所职业申报收取基本费用。（×）

5.《矿山资源法》是保障矿山生产安全、防止矿山事故、保护矿山职工人身安全、促进采矿业发展的重要专业安全生产法律。（√）6.《关于加强金属非金属矿山安全基础管理的指导意见》规定矿山每班必须确保都有专职安全检查人员。（√）

7.竖井、斜井、平硐等井口标高要高于当地历史最高洪水水位1米以上，特殊情况下达不到要求的，要以历史最高洪水位为标准修筑防洪堤，在井口必须筑人工岛，使井口高于最高洪水位1 m以上。（√）8.爆破作业必须设立警戒线，爆破安全允许距离由设计确定，但最低不小于150 m。（×）

9.尾矿库必须设置专职安全管理人员，兼职有无均可。（√）10.尾矿坝堆积到设计最终坝高的1/2～2/3高度时，应对坝体进行一次全面的勘察，并进行坝体稳定性专项评价，否则不能进行生产。（×）11.相邻采石场之间应当设置大于30 m的隔离带。（√）

12.竖井、斜井、平硐等井口标高要高于当地历史最高洪水水位1米以上，特殊情况下达不到要求的，要以历史最高洪水位为标准修筑防洪堤，在井口必须筑人工岛，使井口高于最高洪水位1 m以上。（√）13.水平疏干孔的位置和间距，取决于边坡的几何形状和岩体中结构

面的分布。（√）

14.爆破作业必须设立警戒线，爆破安全允许距离由设计确定，但最低不小于150 m。（×）

15.在处理瞎炮时，应在爆破15 min后再进入现场处理。（×）16.尾矿库必须设置专职安全管理人员，兼职有无均可。（×）17.采矿作业的技术安全要求：每个采场都要有两个出口，并上下相连通。（√）

18.尾矿坝堆积到设计最终坝高的1/2～2/3高度时，应对坝体进行一次全面的勘察，并进行坝体稳定性专项评价，否则不能进行生产。（√）19.采石场上部需要剥离的，剥离工作面应当超前于开采工作面10m以上。（×）

20.相邻采石场之间应当设置大于30 m的隔离带。（√）

21.矿山生产过程中，每天都要接触到有毒物质，排除有毒物质的最好办法是通风排毒，特别是爆破以后要加强通风，15 min以后才能进入爆破现场。（√）

22.铲装工作时禁止用挖掘机铲斗处理粘帮车辆。（√）23.地下矿井通风系统的有效风量率，不得低于40％。（×）24.在处理瞎炮时，应在爆破15 min后再进入现场处理。（×）25.对于部分停电的作业，安全距离小于0.7 m的未停电设备，应装设临时遮拦、并悬挂“止步，高压危险”的标示牌等。（√）26.采矿作业的技术安全要求：每个采场都要有两个出口，并上下相连通。（√）

27.人力推车时应注意：推车人员应在巷道侧帮行走。（×）

四、简答题

1.《矿山安全法》规定矿山设计哪些项目必须符合矿山安全规程和行业技术规范？

答：① 矿井的通风系统和供风量、风质、风速； ② 露天矿的边坡角和台阶的宽度、高度； ③ 供电系统； ④ 提升、运输系统；

⑤ 防水、排水系统和防火、灭火系统； ⑥ 防瓦斯系统和防尘系统； ⑦ 有关矿山安全的其他项目。

2.露天矿有几种排水系统？分别适用于什么类型的矿山？ 答：(1)自流排水系统，主要是山坡露天矿采用；

(2)采场底部集中排水系统，适用于汇水面积和涌水量小的中小矿山；(3)采场分段截流排水系统，适用于汇水面积大，开采较深的矿山；(4)地下井巷排水系统，多用于涌水量大的露天矿。这种排水系统多与矿床疏干工程统筹考虑。

3.矿山电气火灾的预防措施主要有哪些？

答：(1)应选用合格的矿用不易燃橡套电缆。电缆的悬挂应符合矿山安全规程的要求。

(2)避免外力打击电缆，开关在跳闸后，不查明原因不得反复强行送电。

(3)电缆不准成堆堆放或压埋，电缆接线盒附近不得存放易燃物。(4)要正确使用电缆的连接方法，不能用捆接法和压接法。(5)矿用变压器使用的绝缘油应定期化验，不合格的应及时更换。(6)井下不准用灯泡、电炉取暖。

(7)机电硐室应采用不燃物支护，不得存放易燃物料，并设防火门。(8)进行电焊作业应办理动火证，并采取相应的防火措施。4.在事故应急救援预案中应明确哪些内容？

答(1)应急救援组织机构设置、组成人员和职责划分。

(2)在事故应急救援预案中应明确预案的资源配备情况，包括应急救援保障、救援需要的技术资料、应急设备和物资等，并确保其有效使用。

(3)事故应急救援预案中应确定应急培训计划，演练计划，教育、训练、演练的实施与效果评估等内容。

(4)互助协议。当有关的应急力量与资源相对薄弱时，应事先寻求与外部救援力量建立正式互助关系，做好相应安排，签订互助协议，做出互救的规定。

5.爆破工作的安全管理有哪些内容？

(1)露天矿爆破作业中存在较多不安全因素，因此从事爆破作业的工作人员必须经过爆破技术训练和专业安全教育，掌握安全操作方法和了解爆破安全规程，持证上岗。

(2)爆破作业的爆破准备、炮位验收、药包加工、装药、堵孔、起爆和爆破检查等环节都必须保证安全生产。

(3)爆破准备工作应事先了解天气情况，禁止黄昏、夜间、雷雨、大雾进行大爆破作业。爆破前做好炮孔检查：有无乱孔、堵拢、卡孔、积水，及时调整设计装药量。

(4)起爆药包的加工需在独立的房间内进行，禁止烟火。装药车或装药器装药时要有可靠的防静电措施。起爆前，所有人员应撤离到安全地点，防止早爆事故造成伤亡。爆破后,应严格按规定的等待时间进入爆破地点检查。检查中发现拒爆药包或对全爆有怀疑时，应设置警戒线并立即处理。

(5)为保证人员、设备和建筑物安全，必须正确确定各项安全距离。(6)严格按照盲炮处理的各项规定处理盲炮。6.探水作业施工中应严格遵循哪些有关事项？ 答：a加强顶板支护。

b加强探水迎头的通风和有害气体的检查。c安排避灾路线

d设立警铃信号及其他通讯联络设备。e安装安全套管

7.尾矿库的闭库设计方案中应包括哪些内容？

答：(1)根据现行设计规范规定的洪水设防标准，对洪水重新核定，并尽可能减少暴雨洪水的入库流量，可采取分流、截流等措施将洪流排至库外。

(2)对现存的排洪系统及其构筑物的泄流能力和强度进行复核。(3)对现存坝体的稳定性(静力、动力及渗流)做出评价。

(4)对库区及其周围的环境状况进行调查并记录(重点是水及尾尘污 染)，制定确保闭库后安全的治理方案。8.编制救援预案中应急演练的工作要求有哪些？

答：(1)应急演练工作必须遵守国家相关法律、法规、标准的有关规定；

(2)应急演练应纳入本单位应急管理工作的整体规划，按照规划组织实施；

(3)应急演练应结合本单位安全生产过程中的危险源、危险、有害因素、易发事故的特点，根据应急预案或特定应急程序组织实施；(4)根据需要合理确定应急演练类型和规模；(5)制定应急演练过程中的安全保障方案和措施；

(6)应急演练应周密安排、结合实际、从难从严、注重过程、实事求是、科学评估；

(7)不得影响和妨碍生产系统的正常运转及安全。9.尾矿库的闭库设计方案中应包括哪些内容？

答：(1)根据现行设计规范规定的洪水设防标准，对洪水重新核定，并尽可能减少暴雨洪水的入库流量，可采取分流、截流等措施将洪流排至库外。

(2)对现存的排洪系统及其构筑物的泄流能力和强度进行复核。(3)对现存坝体的稳定性(静力、动力及渗流)做出评价。(4)对库区及其周围的环境状况进行调查并记录 10.矿山电气火灾的预防措施主要有哪些？

答：(1)应选用合格的矿用不易燃橡套电缆。电缆的悬挂应符合矿山安全规程的要求。

(2)避免外力打击电缆，开关在跳闸后，不查明原因不得反复强行送电。

(3)电缆不准成堆堆放或压埋，电缆接线盒附近不得存放易燃物。(4)要正确使用电缆的连接方法，不能用捆接法和压接法。(5)矿用变压器使用的绝缘油应定期化验，不合格的应及时更换。(6)井下不准用灯泡、电炉取暖。

(7)机电硐室应采用不燃物支护，不得存放易燃物料，并设防火门。(8)进行电焊作业应办理动火证，并采取相应的防火措施。点是水及尾尘污染)，制定确保闭库后安全的治理方案。