第一篇：2012年大学英语四级写作必备好句为你的作文锦上添花
好句为你的作文锦上添花!句子(sentence)是表达完整思想的最小的语言单位。同时句子又是最大的语法结构单位，其下有词(word)、词组（phrase，或称片语）和从句（clause，或称子句）等语法结构。句型(sentence pattern)是用作造句范例的语法结构模式，所以学习好的句型是非常有意义的。现列举几个作文中常见的句型：
1． 由while引导的状语从句
它能凸显两种观点的对比，又使句子显得非常精练。while一般用在逗号之后，如观点子类模板一My View on Opportunity一文的第一段：
Different people have different views on opportunity.Some people think that there are few opportunities in the world, while others argue that everybody will have some kind of opportunity along his life route.这里第一句是说不同人持不同观点，第二句是两种观点的对比，均使用了宾语从句，但使用不同的动词来引导。特殊的情况下第一段只有一句话，那么while前面就没有逗号了，如选择子类模板二Going on a SelfTour or a Package Tour一文的第一段：
When it comes to traveling, some of people will choose to go on a selftour while others want to go on a package tour.当然这里叙述的是两类人不同的做法，与上述观点的对立有所不同。
2． Those who...句型
Those是一个指示代词，指代上文出现的人们，而who引导的是定语从句，一般引出持何种观点，句子后面就可以说他们如何如何，这个句型非常精练。如利弊子类模板一Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet一文第二段的起始句为：
Those who are in favor of the Internet claim that it has a lot of advantages.第三段的起始句为：
Those who are opposed to the Internet hold that disadvantages are many.这里的对比是非常鲜明的。注意下一句中的反对是oppose或be opposed to，而oppose to是错误的。正如“面临”一词可以用face或be faced with，但不能用face with一样。另外，这一句中的最后一个词many前不宜加also，因为这是将利与弊处理为两组人的观点，如果将它们写成事物或现象本身的特性，就应该加了。
这种句型的变体一是Those people who...，例如选择子类模板二第二段首句： Those people who decide to go on a selftour argue that they love the freedom and flexibility when they travel by themselves—you can stay longer if you enjoy the beautiful scenery there.另一种变体是将定语从句用一个形容词词组替代，如以下一段文字：
Those in favor of this research believe that it could help cure many diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease and diabetes, and this research uses only embryos that otherwise would be discarded.Those opposed to this type of research argue that it goes against ethics by using cells from human embryos, when this research can be done on animals or by using other types of cells.以第二个斜体句子为例，Those who are opposed to...变成了Those opposed to...，这是因为opposed是形容词化的过去分词，关系代词能够且必须与be
这个助动词同时省略。如果原句是Those who oppose...，更改后应该是Those opposing...。
3． 倒装句
倒装句可由only引起，也可由一组否定词引起。Only是一个副词，置于句首（后接状语）的时候句子要倒装。最常用在办法类的文章中，一般出现在文章的末段。这样的句子力度非常强，强调要解决问题就必须如何做。
Only后常接时间状语从句，比如办法类模板二How to Eliminate Cheating on Campus一文的最后一句话：
Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.句子后面的情态动词放在了主语we的前面。此句后面的动词带了两个平行的宾语，均是形容词的比较级加名词的形式，这是一种高级写作技巧。
Only后面有时接条件状语从句，例如观点子类模板一My View on Opportunity的最后一句话：
Only if we get prepared can we seize the opportunities instead of letting them slip by,just as the saying goes, “Opportunities are only for the prepared minds.”
这句话后面又以最常用的句型引出了一条谚语，取得了非常好的效果。有时候后面还可以跟一个介词词组，如：
Only by planning his time carefully can he improve efficiency and make achievements.此句中有两个平行的动宾结构，引人注目，同时也告诉我们，平行结构可出现在多个层面上。如办法类范文六How to Improve Our Writing Ability一文第二段最后一句话：
Only in this way can we master the writing skills step by step.这个介词词组实际上也是一个状语。
4． 条件状语从句
条件状语从句看似平凡，却正好符合适度的思想，即不宣称自己的观点在任何情况下都是对的，而是在何种情况下或是满足了何种条件才会正确。
if引导的条件状语从句数目非常多，我们这里只谈论包含它的模板句式。比如选择子类范文三Buyinga House Downtown or in the Suburbs一文的结束句： He will make the right choice if he knows his goal in life and how to make decisions according to the goal.除此之外，so long as也可以引导条件状语从句，语气比if强。例如利弊子类模板四Advantages and Disadvantages of Electronic Dictionary一文的最后一句：
...so long as we can make proper use of it, it can be most helpful for us in many respects.“合理使用”可以用make good use of it或make use of it reasonably。most放在形容词前面表示“非常”的含义。这里大家应细细揣摩从句在前和从句在后的差别，即句型的调整多有调节语气的效果，从句在后的情形相对较多，语气大多客观和缓；而从句在前的情形相对较少，大多强调这一条件。
5． 强调句
强调句语气强烈，能给阅卷老师留下深刻的印象。如办法类模板四How I Finance
My College Education一文中第二段第一、二句：
First of all, the main financial support comes from parents and other family members.For all the years it is they who give the student courage and determination to hold on and excel.有时强调句可与not...but...结构同时使用来凸显对比。
It is not the years in your life, but the life in your years that counts.6． 反问句
反问句在许多时候能达到肯定句加上修饰成分也无法达到的效果。如批驳类范文三Daydreaming一文的最后一段：
Now that we can draw the conclusion that daydreaming is most beneficial, why not make good use of it to make life rich and rewarding?
上句中的why not...(或why dont we...）是典型的表示建议的句型。有时反问句连续使用，效果会更为强烈，如提问子类模板一Is Failure a Bad Thing?一文第三段中有这样一句话：
If you have only had wonderful things happen to you,how can you become brave?If you can only embrace success and will never accept failure,how can you become mature?
反问句中最精彩的例子之一是提问子类模板三Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?一文中最后一段的第一句。这个句子将兴奋、激动、期待等难以言传的心情巧妙地表达了出来：
How shall I sum up my feeling upon hearing the news of this new test?
7． 结果状语从句
结果状语从句是由so...that...，so that或such...that...引导的，可以译为“如此„„以至于„„”。提问子类模板一Is Failure a Bad Thing?一文的首句：
Failure is such a common matter that every one of us may meet it from time to time.8． 让步状语从句
第一种让步状语从句是由although或though引起的，可译为“虽然”，注意不要和but连用。比如观点子类模板五My View on Double BA Degree一文第二段首句：
Althoughit may bringunfavorable consequences, we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole.Although(it is true that)..., it doesnt mean(that)...是一个非常好的句型，能批驳对方观点中推导的错误。另外这个句型的最大亮点在于以退为进，语气非常恰当。它告诉我们任何的观点都不是绝对的，我们所驳斥的观点也不是一无是处。例如下面一段话：
To begin with, although you may feel anxious to finish the work when the deadline is drawing near, it doesnt mean you can finish your job with high quality.上述模板中的连词although可由while替代，而动词mean还可以由follow替代，是“推导出„结果”的意思。如：
First, while it is true that you can do a lot of things with money, it doesnt follow that you can buy such things as love, friendship, health
and happiness with money.第二种让步状语从句是由even if或even though引起的，可译为“即使”。例如下面一句话：
Whats more, many students lack selfcontrol to such an extent that they play for long hours even if they know it is harmful to both their mental and physical health.同时，此句还包含一个such...that...引导的结果状语从句。
第三种让步状语从句是由no matter how或however，whatever等引起的，可译为“不管„„”。如：
No matter how responsible the teachers are and howfriendly the
classmates are, you can only depend on yourself once you step into the examination room.这句话的后半部分包含一个由once引导的时间状语从句。观点子类范文一My View on Fate一文中的第二段有这样一句话：
For another, if a person is diligent and determined, he will realize his dream no matter how poor, humble or unlucky he may be.这句话前面使用了两个，后面使用了三个平行的形容词，效果很不错。
第二篇：大学四级英语作文写作
From NPR in Washington, I'm Nancy Lyons.Investigators with the National Transportation Safty Board are in Reno Nevada today to look into yesterday's air show crash that killed 3 people including the pilot and injured more than 50.Mike Houghton is the president and CEO of the Reno Air Racing Association.“There appear to be some airflight problems in the aircraft to cause it to go out of control, and we all know what the result was...”
The plane has been flown by a 74-year-old veteran Hollywood stunt pilot.Witnesses say the pilot pulled up in the last minute and avoid furthur injury with his final actions.General Motors in the United auto workers' Union are finishing working on a 4-year-contract and without any strikes.The Union says the deal reached late last night includes improvement of profit sharing, promises of new jobs and better health care benefit.The proposals expected to serve as a model for contracts still being negociated with Chrysler and Ford.With his country at the center of the Euro Zone crisis, Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou has suddenly cancelled a planed visit to Washington and the UN General Assembly.NPR's Sylvia Poggioli reports from Athens local media is spectulating that Greece's EU partners doubt the Papandreou's government can push through drastic fiscal reforms.A government spokeman says the Prime Minister wants to assure that all of Greece's commitments are fufilled.Greece media are speculating that EU Finance Ministers have expressed serious doubts about the debt-graven country's ablility to meet international lenders' demand for futher funding and that they may decided to hold back the 6th instalment 6 million of the 110 million euro bailout agreed to last year.The fund has been expected by the end of Semptember.Greek has fallen back on meeting fiscal goals this year due to a much deeper-than-projected recession caused by ** austerity meassures.This forces the government to futher anger public opinion by slapping en emergency levy on property to make up for the shortfall.Sylvia Poggioli, NPR news, Athens.International efforts are moving forward on trying to seal the freedom for bail deal for 2 Americans held in Iran.The 2 men are convicted of spying and Iran says they will allow their release in exchange of a million dollars.The bail arrangement is still under review by Iran's powerful Judiciary Mediators from Iraq and Oman are urging Iran to release the men on humanitarian grounds.Rebel fighters in Lybia with help from Nato are still trying to take control of Muammar Gadhafi's hometown Sirte.They are engaged in street to street battles with Gadhafi's loyalists trying to topple the old regime stronghold.Rebel forces are refocusing their efforts in Bani Walid where loyalist snipers and gunners beat them back holding a high ground.The stout resistence is stalling Libya's move to a new government.This is NPR.The maker of the blackberry smartphone is again taking a beating from investors.As Dan Karpenchuk reports Canada's Research In Motion lost 20% of its stock value after 2nd quater profit's drop.Those profits plunged 56% to 360 million dollars far below satisfactations, mainly over the disappointing sales of its blackberry smartphones and its playbook tablet.Research In Motion also said profits were affected the 120 million dollars that it had paid to cover the cost of cutting 2000 jobs.The coCEO Jim Balsillie says the numbers don't truely reflect the company's sale scince the new smartphones were only on the market for a couple of weeks before the 2nd quater ended.But some oberservers say RIM just hasn't been able to compete with Apple's popular iphone and ipad and has to learn how to anticipate the market and repond to customers' need.Analysts remain worried about its aging line of products, too few job cutsthe fact, and that it's losing market share faster than expected.For NPR news, I'm Dan Karpenchuk, in Toronto.President Obama is keeping up the pressure on Congress to quickly pass his $447 billion jobs package.In his weekly adress today, he said it's what's needed to boost economy.“It will create new jobs.It will cut taxes for every worker and samll businesses in the country.And it will not add to the defict.It will be paid for.”
For the republicans, congressman Peter Roskam from Illinois says the way to inrease jobs is to eliminate all the bureaucratic red tape.“Job creaters should be albe to focus on their work, not on Washington's busy work.”
Roskam says the Senate needs to improve the House of Republican initiatives including legislation what would give Congress veto power over certain high-cost regulations.I'm Nancy Lyons, NPR news.From NPR in Washington, I'm Nancy Lyons.Investigators with the National Transportation Safty Board are in Reno Nevada today to look into yesterday's air show crash that killed 3 people including the pilot and injured more than 50.Mike Houghton is the president and CEO of the Reno Air Racing Association.“There appear to be some airflight problems in the aircraft to cause it to go out of control, and we all know what the result was...” The plane has been flown by a 74-year-old veteran Hollywood stunt pilot.Witnesses say the pilot pulled up in the last minute and avoid furthur injury with his final actions.General Motors in the United auto workers' Union are finishing working on a 4-year-contract and without any strikes.The Union says the deal reached late last night includes improvement of profit sharing, promises of new jobs and better health care benefit.The proposals expected to serve as a model for contracts still being negociated with Chrysler and Ford.With his country at the center of the Euro Zone crisis, Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou has suddenly cancelled a planed visit to Washington and the UN General Assembly.NPR's Sylvia Poggioli reports from Athens local media is spectulating that Greece's EU partners doubt the Papandreou's government can push through drastic fiscal reforms.A government spokeman says the Prime Minister wants to assure that all of Greece's commitments are fufilled.Greece media are speculating that EU Finance Ministers have expressed serious doubts about the debt-graven country's ablility to meet international lenders' demand for futher funding and that they may decided to hold back the 6th instalment 6 million of the 110 million euro bailout agreed to last year.The fund has been expected by the end of Semptember.Greek has fallen back on meeting fiscal goals this year due to a much deeper-than-projected recession caused by ** austerity meassures.This forces the government to futher anger public opinion by slapping en emergency levy on property to make up for the shortfall.Sylvia Poggioli, NPR news, Athens.International efforts are moving forward on trying to seal the freedom for bail deal for 2 Americans held in Iran.The 2 men are convicted of spying and Iran says they will allow their release in exchange of a million dollars.The bail arrangement is still under review by Iran's powerful Judiciary Mediators from Iraq and Oman are urging Iran to release the men on humanitarian grounds.Rebel fighters in Lybia with help from Nato are still trying to take control of Muammar Gadhafi's hometown Sirte.They are engaged in street to street battles with Gadhafi's loyalists trying to topple the old regime stronghold.Rebel forces are refocusing their efforts in Bani Walid where loyalist snipers and gunners beat them back holding a high ground.The stout resistence is stalling Libya's move to a new government.This is NPR.The maker of the blackberry smartphone is again taking a beating from investors.As Dan Karpenchuk reports Canada's Research In Motion lost 20% of its stock value after 2nd quater profit's drop.Those profits plunged 56% to 360 million dollars far below satisfactations, mainly over the disappointing sales of its blackberry smartphones and its playbook tablet.Research In Motion also said profits were affected the 120 million dollars that it had paid to cover the cost of cutting 2000 jobs.The coCEO Jim Balsillie says the numbers don't truely reflect the company's sale scince the new smartphones were only on the market for a couple of weeks before the 2nd quater ended.But some oberservers say RIM just hasn't been able to compete with Apple's popular iphone and ipad and has to learn how to anticipate the market and repond to customers' need.Analysts remain worried about its aging line of products, too few job cutsthe fact, and that it's losing market share faster than expected.For NPR news, I'm Dan Karpenchuk, in Toronto.President Obama is keeping up the pressure on Congress to quickly pass his $447 billion jobs package.In his weekly adress today, he said it's what's needed to boost economy.“It will create new jobs.It will cut taxes for every worker and samll businesses in the country.And it will not add to the defict.It will be paid for.” For the republicans, congressman Peter Roskam from Illinois says the way to inrease jobs is to eliminate all the bureaucratic red tape.“Job creaters should be albe to focus on their work, not on Washington's busy work.” Roskam says the Senate needs to improve the House of Republican initiatives including legislation what would give Congress veto power over certain high-cost regulations.I'm Nancy Lyons, NPR news.From:VOA英语网 文章地址: http:///20110919/54156.html
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第三篇：大学英语四级写作
Exercise
For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling.You should write at least 120words following the outline given below:
1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写
2.出现这种现象的原因是……
3.为了改变这种状况，我认为……
Outline：
I.fewer and fewer students pay attention to their word-spelling
1.can only imitate the pronunciation of a word but be incapable of spelling it
II.There are some causes for it
1.fewer and fewer students need to write English essays
2.the goal of most students to learn English is to speak it and pass the examination
3.the wide use of electronic devices such as e-dictionaries and computers
III.Measures should be taken to solve the problem.1.we need to attach great importance to word-spelling.2.should write English as much as they can
3.the dictations should be reinforced in the class.满分范文：
Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling
Nowadays, students attach less importance to the spelling of words in the process of English study.This phenomenon greatly influences students’ writing and brings on worries among teachers.There are possibly three reasons contributing to this phenomenon.First, exam-oriented education makes the students pay less attention to spelling.Second, some teachers should also be responsible for it because they don’t emphasize the importance of spelling during teaching.Last but not least, some students are too lazy to recite words.Since spelling is one of the most important factors in English study, due attention should be given to it.As for me, I think, first, exams should be modified to add some factors into it, which would help student pay more attention to spelling.Then, schools should also set effective mechanisms to help teachers as well as the students to realize the importance.Finally, for students themselves, they can, through other ways, make them be interested in word spelling.Only by these can we surly realize the importance of spelling and make improvement.大学生应该学选择什么书读？
Reading regularly has long become a common part of people’s life.And reading preference has always aroused the greatest concern.What impresses us most is according to the table, the percentage of book circulation in an American university library, which shows that the circulation of popular fictions, general nonfictions, science/technology/education books and art/ literature/poetry books accounts for 65.9%,18.2%,10.8%and 5.1% respectively.The reasons for the phenomenon are varied.Among the various reasons, the appealing content of the popular fictions plays an important part.That is to say, thanks to its appealing plot, popular fictions attract more people than other
types of books do.What is more, science and art books which require readers’ knowledge on
relevant fields are highly demanding.For example, it’s hard for students majoring in chemistry to
understand Browning’s poems, and vice versa.When talking about my reading preference, I think I prefer to science books.On the one hand,in order to deepen what I’m specializing in, I need read more books relevant to my major.On the
other hand, these books can also broaden our horizons.In brief, college students should choose
books according to their interests and needs.2.对比选择型作文模板
1.Different people have different views on——
2.Some people prefer,——.3.Others tend to, ——.4.As to me, I agree with /to ——
5.Of course,——.6.For example,——
7.But,——
8.The following reasons can account for my preference——
9.The main reason is ——.10.A good example to illustrate is ——
11.Fur another,——
12.From the foregoing（综上所述）,——
1．开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法。(上述12点译文)
2．表明一部分人的看法。
3．另一部分的看法。
4．作者的看法。
5．承认自己不赞同的看法有一定的合理性。
6.举例说明支持第五句。转折指出这种观点的不足。启下句过度到下段具体阐述自己所支持的观点的理由。
9.支持观点的理由一。
10.举例说明理由一。
11.理由二。
12.总结全文，从长远看来。
Is a test of spoken necessary?
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English
Test(CET).Different people have different views on it.Some prefer to have such a test.Others
tend to decline any kind of test of spoken English.As to me, I agree with the first statement.Of course, a test of spoken English is very difficult to handle and the test time is not long
enough to fully display participants’ ability to spoken in English.For example, if a candidate
draws a topic which he or she is not familiar with, it’s hard to show his or her command of spoken
English.But without such a test, some people may not have motivation to practise spoken English.The following reasons can account for my preference.The main reason is that such a test enhances college students’ awareness of the importance
of spoken English.A good example to illustrate is that several years ago, college students only
stressed reading and writing skills, ignoring to building up listening and speaking ability.For
another, a certificate of such a test will make job-hunting easier.From the foregoing, I think a test
of spoken English is of necessity.3.问题解决型作文模板
1.Withthedevelopment/improvementof ——,——.2.It is necessary that——.3.On the one hand, ——.4.On the other hand, ——
5.Therefore, how to —— is worth paying attention.6.Firstly——7.Secondly——
8.For example,——9.Thirdly, ——.10.In other words,——
11.In fact, ways to —— are countless.12.It’s time that ——
1．空格一处铺垫，空格二处填写某一问题。
2．关注解决现象引出的问题很必要
3．解决问题很必要的理由一。
4．解决问题很必要的理由二。
5．承上启下，填要解决的问题。
6.解决办法一。解决办法二。
8.举例解释解决办法二。
9.解决办法三。
10.阐明解决办法三。
11.指出解决问题的办法多种多样。
12.强调解决问题时不可待。
Reduce Waste on Campus
With the improvement of living standard, waste on campus is increasingly serious.It is
necessary that something should be done to reduce waste on campus.On the one hand, our waste
has already caused a great loss of precious resources, such as water and electricity.On the other
hand, our waste adds our parents as well as our society a burden.Therefore, how to eliminate waste on campus is worth paying attention.Firstly, we should
turn off the light when we leave our dorms or classrooms so as to save electricity as much as
possible.Secondly, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or wash clothes and dishes.For
example, we should use a basin when we clean faces.Thirdly, we should be economical.In other
words, when go shopping, we should buy only what we really need.In fact, the ways to reduce waste on campus are countless.It’s time that we cultivate the
habit of thrift in every possible way.4.观点论证型作文模板
1.It is true that——.2.However,——.3.I think——.4.—— can be listed as follow.5.First of all, ——
6.Secondly ——
7.For example——
8.Thirdly,——
9.A case in point is ——.10.It goes without saying that ——
11.There is no doubt that ——
12.In conclusion ——
1．提出普遍存在地观点。
2．谈不同地观点。
3．自己地观点，即文章地论点4．过度句，转折到观点地论证，由题目选择具体的词。5．论
证理由一
6．论证理由二。
7．举例具体说明理由二。
8.论证理由三。
9.举例说明理由三。
10.提出执行该观点时应注意的事项。
11.得出结论。
12.总结全文。
It Pays to Be Honest
It is true that most of us value honesty highly.However, nowadays we often confront
confidence crisis such as cheating, overcharging, fake commodities, etc.I think that we should be
honest.The reasons can be listed as follows.Firstly, only honest people can be truly respected by the others and can make more friends
over a long period of time.Secondly, honesty, which is the traditional virtue of the Chinese people,can make our life easier and more harmonious.For example, consumers will not be afraid of being
overcharged if dealers are honest, and on the contrary dealers can win more customers.Thirdly,honesty can make our society more stable.A case in point is that Singapore which is a society of
trustworthiness and integrity has a comparatively low criminal rate.It goes without saying that being honesty is of benefit to both the collective and the
individual.There is no doubt that we should foster the spirit of honesty.In conclusion, laying
stress on honesty will become the public morals in our society.应用文作文模板
建议信模板
Dear——
1.I am delighted to learn that——.2.It——.3.In my opinion,——.4.On the one hand,——.5.On the other hand, ——
6.As to the——, I suggest——.7.If ——
8.It is unnecessary for you to——
9.In addition,——.10.I am sure——
11.Please inform me ——
12.I am looking forward to ——
1．写信的原因。
2．引出作者的建议。
3．表达建议内容。
4．提出建议的理由一。
5．建议的理由二。
6．具体到某一方面的建议内容。
7．供被建议人选择的条件。
8．建议内容的另一方面。
9．其它的建议。
10．对建议内容的评价。
11.对建议内容所做出的承诺。
12.表达个人的愿望。
Sincerel
Signature:(个人签名)
A Letter to a Schoolmate
June 7th, 2010
Dear Wang,I am delighted to learn that you will visit me for a week during this national days.It has been
several years since we departed last time, and I am looking forward to your visit.In my opinion,Nanjing is your best choice for this holiday.On the one hand, there are many places of interest and
historical sites in Nanjing.On the other hand, Nanjing is a cultural center with various artistic and
musical performances.As to the famous sites, I suggest that you should visit the Confucius Temple and Dr.Sun
Yat-sen Mausoleum.If you are interested in parks, the XXX park will be your best choice.It is not
necessary for you to bring anything except your sweaters since it is a little chill in the evening.In
addition, as there will be many people at the railway station, you should not leave your belongings
unattended!I am sure you will enjoy your visit in Nanjing.Please inform me once you have made your decision.I am looking forward to seeing you
soon.，yours
Sincerely Yours,Zhang Ying
第四篇：大学英语四级写作——经典模块
大学英语四级考试写作模板——经典范文模块
一、不同观点列举型 There is a widespread concern over the issue that(作 文 题 目),but it is well know that the opinion concerning this hot topic various from person to person.A majority of people think that(观点一).In their views there are factors contributing to this attitude as
fellow.In the first place ,(原因一),Further more ,in the secend place ,(原因二).So it goes without saying that(观点一).People ,however differ in their opinions ,on this mather ,some people hold the idea that(观点二).In their point of view ,on the hand ,(原 因 一),on the other hand ,(原因二).There is no doubt that(观点二).As far as i am concerned ,i firmly support the view the(观点一或观点二).It is not only because(),but
also because().The more.the more().二、利弊型的议论文 Nowadays,there is a widespread concern over the issue that(作文题目).In fact,there are both advantages in().Generally speaking ,it is widely believed that
there are several positive aspects as follows.Fisrtly(优 点一).And secendly(优点二).Just as a popular saying goes “every coin has two sides”.()is no expection ,and in another word ,it still has negative aspects,to begin with(缺点一), in addition(缺 点二).To sum up,we should try to bring the advantages of()into full play ,and reduce the disadvantages to the
minium at the same time.In that case ,we will definitly make a better use of the().三、说明原因型模块 Currently, XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory —— nothing is more valuable than XX It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon
(6).With reference to my standpoint, I think(7).注释：
1、XX 的第一个优点
2、支持 XX 的做法
3、不支持 XX 的做法
4、XX 的第二个优点
5、举例证明优点二
6、说明 XX 优点三的影响
相应作文： The importance of self-confidence Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory —— nothing is more valuable than self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my
standpoint, I think(he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).四、说明原因型模块 In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for
(2).First of all,(3).Then, there comes a case that(4).Moreover,(5).Especially when(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind people that(7).In this way, we should behave just like(8).相应作文：
The impact of Television In recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV, offering as many as 50 channels.It has caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all,(with so many programs to choose from, children are not getting as much exercise as they should).Then, there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school).Moreover,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV viewing).In this way, children will not be influenced too deeply.三、说明原因型模块 For most of us today,(1).From above, we can find that the reasons why(2)are as follows.The primary reason, I think, is(3).Second,(4).The third reason, actually, is(5).The significance for(6).Therefore,(7).注释：
1、人们针对 XX 的态度和举措
2、归纳现状
3、第一个原因
4、第二个原因
5、第三个原因
6、重申造成现状的最重要原因
相应作文： Pollution Most of us today(recognize that environmental pollution has been a greatly serious problem.lots of plants trees corps are destroyed by bad air.many fish die of poisonous water.thousands of people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas.therefore, environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases that are disabling, or bringing death not only to human beings, but also to wild life.)From above, we can find that the reasons why(environment are polluted more and more seriously)are as follows.the primary reason, I think, is(the reason of harmful substances into environment.for example, to prevent insects, farmers make use of great amounts of insecticides, so as to have bumper harvests.however, they pollute air, water
and land).Second,(the gas coming from the car engines and factories also make environment polluted badly).the third reason actually is(the result of a growing population in the world.everyday, so much litter and waste are poured out from houses, also pollute the environment).The significance for(controlling pollution)noted that it's high time that more effective measures should be taken.Therefore,(new laws should be passed to limit the amount of pollutants from factories.moreover, in the households, there is an obvious need to reduce litter and waste.let's make our good efforts, and the world will be a safer place to live for us).五、说明原因型模块 These days we often hear that(1).It is common that(2).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing,(3).For another,(4).What is more, since(5),it is natural that(6).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying.We should do something such as(7)to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.注释：
1、提出论题
2、说明现状
3、理由一
4、理由二
5、理由三
6、理由三引起的后果
7、解决方法
相应作文： Pollution of environment These days we often hear that(our living
conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment).It is common that(many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed.).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing,(the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded.).For another,(the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology).What is more, since(the industrial revolution),it is natural that(a great number of factories have been springing up like mushrooms.The smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worthing.We should do something such as(planting more trees, equipping cars with pollution-control devices and
learning to recycling natural resources)to improve the present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.六、图表式作文写作模板 It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of……(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are……(多 少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all,……(第 一个原因).More importantly,……(第二个原因).Most important of all,……(第三个原 因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken 括号里的使用于那些不 太好的变化趋势).七、提纲式作文写作模板
1、对立观点式 A.有人认为 X 是好事，赞成 X，为什么？ B.有人认为 X 是坏事，反对 X，为什么？ C.我的看法。Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X.They point out the fact that 支持 X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持 X 的另一个原因。However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do X.They firmly point out that 反对 X 的第一个理由。An example can give the details of this argument: There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
2、批驳观点式 A．一个错误观点。B． 我不同意。Many people argue that 错误观
点。saying that, they mean 对 By 这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞 成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。There might be some element of truth in these people's belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
3、社会问题(现象)式 A．一个社会问题或者现象 B．产生的原因
C．对社会和我们生活的影响 D．如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话)E．前景的预测。Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情 况。(或者是一个例子)。There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.同上 Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will……
辩论式议论文模版
（一）Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that 观点1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 观点2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 论据1.More importantly, 论据2.Most important of all, 论据3.In summary, 总结观点。As a college student, I am supposed to 表决 心。或 From above, we can predict that 预测。
辩论式议论文模版
（二）People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 观点1.While others point out that 观点2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, 论据1.For another, 论据2.Last but not the least, 论据3.To conclude, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心。或 From above, we can predict that 预测。
辩论式议论文模版
（三）There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点1.While others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, 论据1.Furthermore,论据2.Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 论据3.A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that 总结观点。As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心。
第五篇：大学英语四级写作
大学英语四级写作
议论文
议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法、主张的一种文体。写议论文要把握三性和三要素。三性指准确性、鲜明性和生动性。三要素指论点、论据和论证。
论点的基本要求：观点正确，概括全面，见解新颖，有实际意义，要恰当地综合运用各种表达方式。
论据的基本要求，真实可靠、充分典型。
论证的基本要求：推理必须合乎逻辑，论证要讲究顺序，论证要符合正确的推理形式。简而言之，英语议论文共有三大特点：
1、观点鲜明的开头；
2、紧扣主题的结尾；
3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。
这三点当中，第1、2点早已为绝大多数中国学生所熟知，因为开头点题和结尾扣题同样也是汉语文章的要求。
另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，在英文应试写作中更加如此。正因为没有“主题句”的思想，所以中国学生在写英语文章时经常“想到什么，就写什么”，这在英语议论文中是不能接受的。
常用的关联词分为四类：
1、列举类
列举法常用在议论文中，当作者提出一个论点后，可通过列举出一系列事实对其进行说明或论证。
列举类关联词有：
first(ly), second(ly),...finally;for one thing, for another;on the one hand, on the other hand;moreover;furthermore;what's more;in addition;besides;first of all;in the first place, in the second place;(at)last;then;next;the last but not the least2、举例类
举例法是用事例或数据对中心观点进行说明论证的方法，举例类关联词有：
for example;for instance;such as;like;take...for example;a case in point;namely;in other words;that is;especially;in particular3、比较和对比
比较是把两种或两种以上的事物进行比较，以辨别出它们的相似之处；对比是将这些事物进行对照，辨别其差异而指出各自的特征和本质。这类关联词有：
but;however;yet;otherwise;while;in contrast;by contrast;on the contrary;similarly;likewise;like;conversely;rather than;instead;on the other hand;equally;nevertheless;nonetheless;unlike;still;in the same way;compared with...4、因果类
as a result;since;because(of);thanks to;due to;owing to;for this reason;hence;thus;therefore;on this/that account;on account of;consequently5、总结类
总结法是指在表达了一个观点或举了一个例子后，进行总结、给出概括，这类关联词有： in this case;according to;in a word;in brief;in short;to sum up.范文1：
Career or Family: which is more important?
When asked about their opinion of career and family, people always respond differently.Some people deem it more important to pursue their career, while there are always other people who argue that family should be the number one in one’s life.It goes without any question that career plays a key role in our life.In the very first place, career can give us an aim to live on.Without career, much of our living time will be certainly wasted.What’s more, career can provide us with a means to live on.Most of the people earn their income from a job.On the other hand, family is also an indispensable part of life, as many people will admit.Family is always regarded as a place where we can escape from troubles in life.In addition, we can obtain a sense of belonging to from family.Without it, anyone will feel lonely and desperate.In my opinion, career and family are not in opposition to each other.Rather, they can enhance each other so that one’s life can become better and better.Therefore, it’s not a choice between right and wrong, but one between ideal and practical.作文中可用的谚语或句子：
As a saying goes:俗话说
1、A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。
2、An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨。
3、A good idler ,an old beggar.少壮不努力，老大徙伤悲。
4、Do as the Romans do.入乡随便俗。
5、Each coin has two sides.有利必有弊。
6、Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
7、It is never too old to learn.活到老学到老。
8、Like father, like son.有其父，必有其子。
9、No cross, no crown.不见风雨，怎见彩虹。
10、Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
11、Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成12、Time flies.....时光飞逝。。
13、Look before you leap.(三思而后行。)
14、“No pains, no gains”.（没有付出就没有收获）
15、As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides”.On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health.On the other hand, if you don’t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health.So we should look at the matter from two sides.一．The main types of guided writing:
1.提纲式作文：
Directions:
Women make a great contribution to the progress of modern society.But there are still some people who don’t agree with it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper based on the following outline.1.Role of women in modern society
2.Prejudices and discrimination against women
3.My comment
You should write about 200 words within 40 minutes.Women play an important part in modern society.Now many women are going into professions, such as medicine, law and engineering.They comprise a large part of the workers in offices and factories.Many jobs they are engaged in are in line with their special capabilities of their sex.In addition, some of are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men.There are even some businesses which are run completely by women.It is obvious that women are making an outstanding contribution to the progress of modern society.There are, however, still some people who assert that men are superior to women in many ways.In the first place, many jobs men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough.They believe that women are the weaker one, both physically and emotionally.According to them, a woman’s place is within the protective environment of the home.Secondly, most of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are found to be males.Finally, the whole society seems to have always been dominated by men only.In their opinion, men should enjoy more rights than do women.Personally, I’m firmly standing on the side of those women right defenders.Since both men and women are equally important in human activities, they should be on an equal footing.二、The structure of a paragraph and its development:
1.Structure of a paragraph: topic sentence, development sentence and concluding sentence.2.Ways of developing a paragraph:
1)Comparison and contrast(对比法)
2)Cause and effect(因果法)
3)Exemplification(举例法)
4)Generalization and qualification(概述法)
5)Argument(议论法)
三、Some sentence patterns commonly-used in controlled writing :---关于利弊、优缺点的句型：
have the advantage of „..(有„.方面的长处)
benefit sb/sth.(对„有好处)
benefit from sth.(由于„.而受益)
do(a lot of)good to sb.(对„.有许多好处)
be good for sb./sth.(对„.有益)
do damage to sth./damage sth.(对„.造成损害)
be as(not so)good/great as „„
not so much „ as „(与其说„,不如说„)
---说明原因的句型：
1.There are some manygood reasons for„ to do sth
Example: There are two reasons for the changes in people’s living conditions.First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy.Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been put under control.2.We have two good reasons for „
3.The reasons for „ is that + 从句
--表示不同看法的句型：
1.Different peoplehave hold different opinionviewon
this questionproblem
Some believe that „Others argue that „Still others maintain that „译：人们对国际文化交流的看法各不相同。有些人认为，国际文化交流能促进各国人民之间的友谊和了解。另一些人则争辩说，中国是一个具有5000年历史的文明古国，并且有自己的传统文化，它和西方文化截然不同。因此，他们反对国际文化交流。我认为，第2种看法是片面的。现在国际文化交流是非常重要的。各国人民应该互相了解、互相学习以便增进友谊。
People differ in their opinions on the international cultural exchange.Some believe that international cultural exchange contributes to the friendship and understanding of the people all over the world.Others argue that China is an ancient civilized nation with a history of 5000 years and has its own
traditional culture, which is quite different from that in the western countries.Therefore, they are opposed to the international cultural exchange.In my opinion, the second view is one-sided and partial.The international cultural exchange is of great importance now.People of all countries should understand each other and learn from each other to enhance the friendship among them.1.They are quite different from each other in their opinions.2.Some people hold the opinion that it is good to have a small family.Example: Parents and children think differently on this question.Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school.Children, however, maintain that they should have freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future.---表示必须、紧急、有困难做某事的句型：
1.It is important(necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable)for sb.To do sth.2.have trouble difficulty(in)doing sth.(有困难做某事)
have trouble with sth.(对„有困难，不好对付)
---关于因果关系的句型：
1.The reason for higher prices was an increase in demand.because as since causesresult in thereforeas a resultbecause of---辩论中常用的句型：
1.There is no doubt that „毫无疑问 2.It is obvious/clear that 明显„
3.As is known all众所周知4.(It’s)no wonder„(难怪)
5.It goes without saying that „(不成问题，很自然)
6.What is more important更重要的是7.I am convinced that我坚信
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