第一篇：高中英语必修3_Unit_5_语法教学案
2013-2014学年度紫荆中学高一英语（必修3）Unit5导学案设计：郭凤萍
审核：高一英语集研组
班级：小组：组内号：姓名：评价：必修3 Unit 5Canada―“The True North学案导学
Period four grammar：同位语从句
一、Preparation for the lesson before class
Stepone: make a thorough inquiry for grammar
learn by oneself（SB P37 Discovering useful structures）
Let’s students find out and understand concepts usesofby consuling materials.同位语从句是名词性从句的一种，常用从属连词that引导，（when, where, who等也可引导），常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, ability, patience, answer, order, 逻辑上表现为同位关系。例如：
① Finally the workers got an answer that the government could do nothing to raise their wages.工人们最终得知政府不会采取任何措施来增加他们的工资。
② They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.他们很熟悉这一观点，所有的物质都是由原子构成的。
二、Discussing each other during class
审核：高一英语集研组
班级：小组：组内号：姓名：评价：
Steptwo:同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别
：
1）从先行词来看
同位语从句与名词在本质上是同一的，是形式与内容的关系，该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。例如：
They were delighted at the news that their team had won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时，他们欣喜若狂。
逻辑关系：The news was that their team had won.2)从引导词来看
引导词that在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体含义，that不可省略；that在定语从句中是关系代词，他在从句中充当一定成分：主语或宾语，有具体词意，作宾语时还可以省略。试比较：
①The factory(that)we visited yesterday is a chemical one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。(that在从句中作宾语)
②The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。（that只起连接从句的作用。）
Stepthree:同位语从句的简易判断方法
因同位语从句与其先行词在逻辑上是同位关系，所以，我们可在名词和从句之间加系动词be, 使其可以构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则句子为同位语从句；定语从句是不能够用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。例如：
审核：高一英语集研组
班级：小组：组内号：姓名：评价：The thief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries.地球是扁平的这一观念依然在一些国家存在。(The belief is that the earth is flat.)
三、Summary
Stepfour:Teacher and students toghter.课后拓展
※单项填空
1.A story goes _____ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that
2.There is a feeling in me ______ we’ll never know what a UFO is forever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what
3.Word came ______ the examination will be held in June instead of in July.A.thatB.whenC.whetherD.what
4.The fact ______ he failed the exam is not the one ______ he told me.A.which;thatB.that;thatC.which;whichD./;that
5.I have no idea ______ we ______ hand in our papers after class.A.if;needB.whether;need toC.if;ought toD.that;dare
6.They didn’t tell me the fact ______ they had already paid the bill.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if
审核：高一英语集研组
班级：小组：组内号：姓名：评价：
7.Information has been put forward ______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.what
8.The doctors are trying to reduce the patient’s fear ______ he would die of disease.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.if
9.You have not answered my question ______ I can join in the party tonight.A.whetherB.ifC.whichD.that
10.It is a common belief _______ teenagers today know about computers and are familiar _____ using them in all aspects of life.A.that;outB.what;withC.that;withD.what;about
11.There is no doubt _____ my friend Smith will come to visit China soon.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when
12.The possibility ______ the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.A.whichB./C.thatD.what
13.The suggestion _____ students should learn some practical knowledge is worth considering.A.ifB.whichC./D.that
14.The news came ______ The British Queen’s Mother celebrated her 101st
2013-2014学年度紫荆中学高一英语（必修3）Unit5导学案设计：郭凤萍审核：高一英语集研组
班级：小组：组内号：姓名：评价：
15.birthday in good health, _____ isn’t surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.A.that;whichB.which;whichC.that;thatD.when;as
16.Along with the letter was his promise _____ he would visit me on this coming Christmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
17.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ______ road conditions need ______.A.that;to be improvedB.which;to be improved
C.where;improvingD.when;improving
17.It was with great joy ______ he received the news ______ his lost son would soon return home.A.because;thatB.that;thatC.because;whichD.that;/
18.A decision was made _______ those who once lied to the factory in order to get a job would not be allowed to stay.A.whetherB.whenC.thatD.once
19.One of the men held the view ________ the book said was right.A.that whatB.what thatC.thatD.all which
20.It is no longer a question now _______man can land on the moon.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.what
Suggested answer:1-5.DAABB;6-10.ABCAC;11-15.ACDAB;16-20.ABCAA
第二篇：高中英语必修4_Unit_3_语法教案
高中英语必修4 Unit 3语法教案 PeriodIV Grammer
Teaching aim: Grasp the usages of-ing form and use them freely I.Preparation for grammer before class.STEP1.[自学探究]（SB P21 Discovering useful structures）
1.v.ing 做定语
▲动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语，表示该名词的用途或有关的动作。walking stick 手杖
printing shop 印务馆
dining room饭厅
reading room 阅览室
swimming pool 游泳池
washing machine洗衣机 a waiting room(= a room for waiting)候车室 a walking stick(=a stick for walking)手杖
▲现在分词做定语，说明所修饰名词进行的动作。a waiting man(=a man who is waiting)正在等待的男人 a sleeping child(= a child who is sleeping)正在睡觉的孩子 2.v.ing 作表语
▲动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换。Its full time job is laying eggs.他的专职工作是产卵。
Our job is playing all kinds of music.我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Playing all kinds of music is our job.演奏各种音乐是我们的工作。
＊现在分词做表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，主语与表语位置不可互换。The music they are playing sounds exciting.他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋。The task of this class is practising the idioms.这节课的任务是练习这些短语。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
My work is looking after the children.我的工作是照看这些孩子。3.v.－ing作宾语补足语的用法
v.－ing 形式主要用于以下两类动词后构成宾语补助语。
⑴表示感觉和状态的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice等。例如: I heard Mr.Smith singing in the next door.我听到史密斯先生在隔壁唱歌。I felt someone patting on the shoulder.我感到有人拍了拍我的肩膀。
⑵表示“指使”等意义的动词，如have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。例如: We won’t have you doing that.我们不允许你这么做。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long.对不起，让你久等了。II.Make a thorough inquiry during class.Teacher and students work toghter.STEP2.精例点拨
1.The salesman scolded the girl caught _____ and let her off.A.to have stolen B.to be stealing C.to steal D.stealing [解析]本题考查动词非谓语形式在句中作宾补的用法。正确掌握并灵活运用非谓语形式是解此类题的关键，另外，解这一题目也要用还原法，即catch the girl stealing，若没有把catch the girl stealing 还原，也是很难找出本题的答案的，因此，解题时，不但要有扎实的基础知识，还要掌握解题技巧。本题旨在考查catch sb.doing sth.（发现某人做某事）这一短语，故先排除A、C两项，由于girl与catch之间是被动关系，因此需要用catch的过去分词形式作后置定语，stealing所作的只能是定语中的补足语，故本题最佳答案为D。
2.In the study, I found my son ______ at a desk, with his attention ______ on a book.A.sitting;fixing B.sit;fixed C.sitting;to be fixed D.seated;fixed [解析]此题考查不定式与分词作宾补的区别以及短语fix one’s attention的用法。解答此题时，应特别留意不定式与分词作宾补的区别；第二应注意倘若逻辑宾语提前，则with+复合宾语中宾补应用过去分词表示被动。因为强调found的动作与sit同时进行，而省去to的不定式sit作宾补表示动作的完成，但sitting和seated皆可。第二空中，attention原为fix的逻辑宾语，所以应选fixed作宾语补足语。故此题正确答案为：D。III.当堂达标
STEP3.Ask students to finish with 7minutes given 单项选择
1.I don’t mind her_________ jewels at the party.A.wear B.to wear
C.wearing D.worn 2.After her famous husband’s death, Eleanor Roosevelt continued ________for peace.A.working
B.work
C.the working
D.to working 3.Mark often attempts to escape _________whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A.having been fined
B.to be fined
C.to have been fined
D.being fined 4.Ann never dreams of _________ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A.there being a chance
B.there to be a chance C.there be a chance
D.being a chance 5.— What made him so unhappy? — _______ the ticket for the football match.A.Having been lost
B.Lost
C.Because of losing
D.Losing 6.After _______for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewed
B.interviewed
C.interviewing D.having interviewed 7.I don’t know what illness he suffered from, but I do remember he mentioned _______ in hospital last year.A.to have been
B.to be
C.having been
D.being 8.I still remember you, as a student, _________ sweetly.A.to sing
B.singing
C.being singing
D.sing 9.The boy’s _______ school late again and again caused the teacher to wonder why.A.to come
B.coming
C.being coming
D.come 10.— Why do you think of the film Harry Potter?
— Oh, excellent.It’s worth _______ a second time.A.to see
B.to be seen
C.seeing
D.being seen 11.These young scientists succeeded _________ the new software.A.produced
B.to produce
C.in producing
D.produce 12.— I apologized to you ________ your dictionary for so long.— It doesn’t matter.A.to keep
B.for having kept
C.of keeping
D.for keeping Step4.summary Step5.Master grammer’s uses futher.Suggested answer 语法单项选择CADA DACB BCCB
第三篇：高中英语必修4 Unit 4 语法教案
Period IV Grammar(必修4，unit4)Teaching aim: Grasp the usages of-ing form used as the attributive and the adverbial I.Preparation for the grammar by oneself before class.[自学探究]（SB P29 Discovering useful structures）
II.Students work toghter to make a thorough inquiry during class.[合作学习］
STEP1.现在分词作定语
现在分词及其短语可以在句子中作定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。其动作和谓语动词同时发生，与其修饰词之间是主动关系，也就是说现在分词的动作就是它修饰的那个词的动作。
1．现在分词作定语时的位置
（1）现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词之前；分词短语用于它所修饰词的后面。例如：
He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。They lived a room facing the north thirty years ago.三十年前，他住在一个朝北的房间里。
（2）如现在分词修饰由some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或指示代词those时，分词在这些被修饰词的后面。例如：
Anyone swimming will be punished.正在游泳的任何人都将受到惩罚。
重点把握：动词-ing形式中的动名词也可用作定语，它表示用作…的，而现在分词作定语通常相当于一个定语从句。如：
a writing table = a table used for writing ；a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping
2、现在分词作定语时与谓语动词的时间关系
现在分词表进行意味和主动意味，因此，用现在分词作定语时，其表示的动作是与谓语动词同时发生的,或是正在发生的动作。例如：
There were no soldiers drilling.= There were no soldiers who were drilling.没有士兵在操练。The man running over there is our chairman.= The man who is running over there is our chairman.正在朝那边跑的那个人是我们主席。
重点把握：having done(现在分词的完成时态)表示该动作先于另一个动作，现在分词的完成时态永远不能作定语。
3、如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，可用现在分词的被动语态。例如：
The meeting being held is very important.正召开的会议很重要。The skyscraper being built is still higher than that built the year before last.正在建的那幢摩天大楼比前年建的那幢还高。STEP2.现在分词作状语
现在分词及其短语可在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子。用来表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、或伴随情况等。例如：
Climbing to the top of the hill, we saw a beautiful view.爬上山顶后我看到了一幅美丽的景象。Being sick I stayed at home.我因病呆在家里。
重点把握：如指将来的动作就可用不定式的被动语态，如： a meeting to be held 将要召开的会议 如表过去可用过去分词 a meeting held 开过的会议
1、现在分词作状语与谓语动词时间关系
（1）现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生分词用一般形式。例如：
Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address.因为没听出这个人的声音，他没把自己的地址给他。
It rained heavily, causing great damage.大雨滂沱，造成了很大损害。He ran up to her breathing heavily.他气喘吁吁的跑到她面前。【重点把握】
分词作作状语时必须注意分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。但是，有几个常用词组不符合这种语法限制。如：
generally speaking, considering, judging from, talking from，supposing（为连词意思为假如）,（2）现在分词表示的动作和谓语表示动作（或状态）是同时发生或几乎同时发生的。否
则现在分词需用完成形式。例如：
Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema.这电影他已看过两遍，他不想去看了。
Not having received his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him.因为没收到他父亲的信，他决定打个电话给他父亲。
思维拓展
过去分词状语时，其表示的动作时句子主语承受的动作。他们之间的关系是被动关系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树更关心一些，他们本来会长的更好。
2、现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作。因此，句子主语与现在分词之间是主动关系。例如：
I run out of the house shouting.我喊叫着跑出屋来。I got home, feeling very tired.我疲惫的回到家里
3、有些现在分词作状语时，其前可用after, before, since, when, while, whenever, once, until, on, as等词。例如：
After talking to you, I always fell better.和你谈过话后我总感觉好一些。When telephoning London numbers from abroad, dial 1, not 01.从国外往伦敦打电话，请拨1，不是01。III.Teacher work toghter with students STEP3.［典例解析］
1.The secretary worked late into the night, ____ a long speech for the president.A to prepare
B preparing C prepared
D was preparing [解析] 本题考察现在分词作伴随状语用法。分词与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故选B。2.____ a reply, he decided to write again.A Not receiving
B Receiving not
C Not having received
D Having not received [解析]分词短语表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生，故用现在分词的完成时态。Not 要放在非谓语动词之前。
3.“Can't you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.A angrily pointing
B and point angrily
C angrily pointed
D and angrily pointing [解析] 现在分词作伴随状语，分词与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故选现在分词。故答案为A。
4.The meeting ____ now is very important.A held
B to be held
C being held
D holding [解析]会议是被召开的，故排除掉D。根据时间状语now我们知道会议是正在召开的，而不定式作定语表将来。故答案为C 5.If you want a letter ____ , you must keep in mind several rules while ____.A written;written
B well written;writing
C well writing;writing
D well written;write [解析]第一个空为过去分词作定语，分词与他修饰的名次之间有被动关系，所以用过去分词。第二个空是while加现在分词作时间状语。现在分词与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系。故答案为B。
6.He never spends a _____ day.A more worry
B most worrying C more worrying
D more worried [解析]因句子具有“a day worried him”即a day is worrying的意义，所以需用worrying。故答案为C。
7.——— speaking, women live longer than men.A.Judging from
B.generally
C.Supposing
D.Taking everything into consideration [解析] 此句子考察的是表示说话人态度的一些惯用法。依据句子意思应是一般说来的，通常说来，故选 B IV.当堂达标
1._____to understand what he doesn’t, he makes a fool of himself.A.Always pretended B.Having always pretendedC.Always being pretended D.Always pretended 2.To get there in time, they came _____all the way.A.running B.run C.ran D.to run 3.We’ll go to have a picnic tomorrow or the day after _____ on the weather.A.depended B.depending C.depends
D.is depending 4.It has rained nonstop for ten days, completely _____ our holiday.A.ruining
B.to ruin
C.ruined
D.has ruined 5.They set out _____for the _____.A.searching losing B.searching lost C.to search lost D.searched losing 6.It’s a pleasure to watch the face of a _____baby.A.asleep B.sleep C.sleeping D.slept 7.The boy sat there _____what to do.A.doesn’t knowing B.didn’t knowing C.not know D.not knowing
8.The secretary worked late into the night, _____a long speech for the international conference.A.to prepare B.prepared C.preparing D.was preparing 9.European football is played in 80 countries _____it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make 10.The _____Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _____that he had enjoyed his stay here A.visiting ,add B.visited, adding
C.visiting, adding D.visited, added
11.Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced _____ their homes.A.leaving
B.to leave
C.to be left
D.being left
语法同步练习
1----5 DABAB 6---10CDCAC B
STEP4.Summary and homework.Do the exercises toghter with the text.
第四篇：高中英语常用语法
常用语法
一：时态：所谓的“时态”，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式
过去 现在 将来 过去将来
一般 did do will/shall do should/would do 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done用于虚拟语气
完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing / / 2．被动形式
过去 现在 将来 过去将来
一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given 完成进行 / / /
一．非谓语动词 一．不定式：
一）不定式的常考形式：
1)一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生
2)完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的
3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略
1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do
表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调“我见他正干活”这个动作）
? 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good;It feels comfortable.2)使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to I ‗d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesn‘t have to be made to learn.3)help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：
want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do.be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do.begin to do.start to do
五)有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
accustom(oneself)to;be accustomed to;face up to;in addition to;look forward to;object to;be reduced to;resign oneself to;be resigned to;resort to;sink to;be used to;be alternative to;be close/closeness to;be dedication/dedicated to;be opposition/opposed to;be similarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。
He needs(a lot of)encouraging.二.动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 1)是名词 seeing is believing 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.一)动名词的形式: 一般形式：I don't like you smoking.完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.被动形式：This question is far from being settled.二)动名词常考的点
1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数
2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词
3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．
A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）I regret not having taken your advice.4)有些词后只能接动名词
admit;appreciate;avoid;celebrate;consider;contemplate;defer;delay;deny;detest;discontinue;dislike;dispute;enjoy;it entails;escape;excuse;explain;fancy;feel like;finish;forgive;can't help;hinder;imagine;it involves;keep;it means;mention;mind;miss;it necessitates;pardon;postpone;practice;prevent;recall;report;resent;resist;risk;suggest;understand...另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：
it's no good;it's no/little/hardly any/ use;it's not/hardly/scarcely use;it's worthwhile;spend money/time;there's no;there's no point in;there's nothing worse than;what's the use/point...5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可
remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。
I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来的动作)I remembered posting/having posting the letters(我记得这个动作)forgot与remember的用法类似。
I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…
I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.[打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.[意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
prefer的用法： 我宁愿在这里等。
I prefer to wait here.（所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。）I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。）
I prefer swimming to cycling.（这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。）分词：
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 现在分词的形式: 1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）?(与谓语动词同步发生)2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed.(发生谓语动词之前)3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.(发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)过去分词
1)过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere.(强调正在被做)这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。
二：虚拟三：虚拟语气
情态动词所表达的可能性程度：must/can't ? should/shouldn't ? might/may(not)另外两个“类情态词的形式：”need/needn't;have to/don't have to ? 最自然的虚拟状态：由should/would+原型时态（不含时间只含状态）本质上是过去将来时：即，时间固定在过去将来，状态不同：一般、进行、完成、完成进行。这时“虚拟语气”的产生往往是因为我们要表达“本来应该……”（而现在却还没有……）（本来可以……，本来能……）
I should go!(… but I'm still here!)(一般)I should be working now!(进行)I should have practiced more(than I did)!(完成)我应该多多练习！（言下之意，现在我练习得不多。）
I shouldn't dream away my time too much!(完成的否定)(actually I did dream away my time too much!)It shouldn't have been leaking for such a long time!(完成进行)I may/might/could have finished!(完成)一些常见的句型中，就会出现这种虚拟语气，而处于从句之中，should 常常被省略掉 o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;o require, request;o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.由于他们的含义中包含“建议，假设，应该”这类的含义，所以，由他们引起的从句中，就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。
这些动词（以及他们的名次形式，分词形式）引起的从句还有其他的变形： 主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句
It's suggested that… My suggestion is that… The only suggestion that...The only suggestion I can give you now is that… 一些形容词引起的表语从句中，也会有同样的情况
important;necessary;essential It's natural;strange;incredible that a pity;a shame;no wonder ? 由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should ? 表达与事实相反
1.与现在相反：使用[过去时]：
I wish I were not here!(一般现在?一般过去)Suppose we were not here.He loved me as if I were his own son.(一般现在?一般过去)Hope I weren't always losing things!(现在进行?过去进行)If only/If I hadn't been there!(现在完成?过去完成)What if I hadn't been waiting right here!(现在完成进行?过去完成进行)常考句型：It's(high)time(that)…;would rather(that)…
这两个从句，只能表达对现在的看法，所以，从句中只有一般过去时。2.与过去相反：过去完成时；
How nice it is if I had past the test!How nice it is if I had slept a little more this morning!3.与将来相反？将来的事情没有发生，所以只能推测。
If it rains tomorrow, we'll have to stay one day more.不过，由于可以用be to表示将来；所以，虚拟语气中经常出现were to；也是CET-4的常考语法点。? 虚拟条件句
o if 部分，做一个与事实相反的假设（所以只有一般过去和过去完成）；
o 主句部分，这是表示基于这个假设的推测，一般使用情态动词would，少数情况下使用could/might/may。
o 注意：两个部分之间，是有逻辑关系，而在两部分的谓语动词时态上，没有必然的联系。
? 注意，虚拟条件句中的if可以省略，造成were/had提前，产生倒装。? 隐含的非真实条件
What would you do with 50 thousand dollar? How could I be happy without you? 除了条件状语从句之外，原因状语从句也会出现虚拟语气。
o 由in order that, so that引起的从句，肯定的时候可以使用may/might;can/could;否定的时候，多用shouldn't;o whoever, whatever, no matter what引起的从句中，多用may+
情态动词的基本用法及其区别
一、用―情态动词＋have ＋done‖结构表示对过去动作的推测
常见的结构有： must have done：
表示对过去动作的肯定推测，常译作―一定做了……‖，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can‘t／couldn‘t have done?
疑问式为Can／Could...have done﹖。
could ／might have done：表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测，常译作―可能做了……‖。如：
1)My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he ＿＿＿＿＿ your lecture． ? A． couldn‘t have attended B． needn‘t have attended C． mustn‘t have attended D． shouldn‘t have attended 本题选A。
2)Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me． A． mustn‘t have arrived B． shouldn‘t have arrived C． can‘t have arrived
D． need not have arrived（C）
2．当前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时，常借助―but, however, instead‖等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符，这种结构常见的有：
should have done ／ ought to have done：表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。should not have done ／ ought not to have done：表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。
need have done：表示过去本来有必要去做某事，但事实上没有做。
need not have done：表示过去本来没有必要做某事，但事实上却做了。如：
3)I was really anxious about you． You ＿＿＿＿＿ home without a word．
A． mustn‘t leave B． shouldn‘t have left C． couldn‘t have left D． needn‘t leave ―本不应该离家出走却走了‖，故本题选B。
4)I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ＿＿＿＿＿ for her．
A． had to write it out
B． must have written it out
C． should have written it out D． ought to write it out 由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系，分析题意可知本题应选C。
二、情态动词基本用法。
5)—Is John coming by train﹖
—He should, but he ＿＿＿＿＿＿ not． He likes driving his car．
A． must B． can C． need D． may mustn‘t 表示―禁止、不准‖；cannot 表示―不可能‖；need not 表示―不必要‖；may not 表示―可能不‖。分析语境可知本题应选D。
6)—I hear you‘ve got a set of valuable Australian coins． ＿＿＿＿＿＿ I have a look﹖
—Yes, certainly．
A． Do B． May C． Shall D． Should 分析语境可知这是在征求对方的许可，may表示―允许、可以‖，语气比较委婉。shall常用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中,表示征求对方意见和指示，如果此空用shall，则意为―要（我）看一下吗？‖，不符合上下文意思。故本题选B。
7)Mr Bush is on time for everything． How ＿＿＿＿ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony﹖
A． can B． should C． may D． must
must be 表示肯定的猜测，只能用于肯定句中，由题意可知本题应选A。
8)—Are you coming to Jeff‘s party﹖
—I‘m not sure． I ＿＿＿＿ go to the concert instead． A． must B． would C． should D． might 由题意和下句中的 ―I‘m not sure‖
可知这段对话中存在一种可能性推测，might可以用来表示一种比较委婉的可能性判断，故本题选D。又如： I should have been there, but I ＿＿＿＿＿ not find the time．
A． would B． could C． might D． should 分析题意可知第二个分句表示过去的某种能力；C 项只表示语气上的可能性，与题意不符。故本题选B。
9)Johnny, you ＿＿＿＿ play with the knife, you ＿＿＿＿ hurt yourself．
A． won‘t;can‘t B． mustn‘t;may
C． shouldn‘t;must D． can‘t;shouldn‘t
mustn‘t 表示―不可以；禁止‖，分析题意可知第二个空表示某种可能性，故本题选B。
10)—Will you stay for lunch﹖
—Sorry, ＿＿＿＿＿＿． My brother is coming to see me． A． I mustn‘t B． I can‘t C． I needn‘t D． I won‘t
分析题意可知因为―我弟弟要来看我‖，所以―不能留下‖，因此对别人的邀请或要求应给予礼貌的拒绝。A 项表示―禁止‖；C项表示―不必要‖；而D项表示―不会‖，均不符合题意。故本题选B。又如：
—Could I borrow your dictionary﹖ —Yes, of course you ＿＿＿＿＿．
A． might B． will C． can D． should(C)
11)—When can I come for the photos﹖ I need them tomorrow afternoon．
—They ＿＿＿＿＿ be ready by 12?00．
A． can B． should C． might D． need 该题考查情态动词should的基本含义，分析句意可知本题应选B。又如：
12)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ＿＿＿＿ get out．（A． had to B． would C． could D． was able to 该题考查了could和be able to的区别，二者都可表示过去时间的能力，但如果表示过去成功地做了某事只能使用was ／ were able to do，故本题选D。13)—Shall I tell John about it ﹖
—No, you ＿＿＿＿＿． I‘ve told him already．
A． needn‘t B． wouldn‘t C． mustn‘t D． shouldn‘t
情态动词shall在试题中表示征询对方意见或请求指示。答句暗示 ―没有必要了‖，故本题选A 三、一致关系 一)主谓一致
1． 主谓一致（与插入语无关）
1主谓的分隔原则：主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。
2定语从句中的主谓一致：
3随前一致：
n.+ together with n2
as well as
including
along with with / of
accompanied with / by
4就近原则：n1 or n
2+v（就近原则）
either n1 or n2
5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)
例外：war and peace is… war and peace是一个整体
但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念，同一人，同一事的时候，谓语动词用单数，这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.类似的还有：law and order bread and butter black and white
To love and to be loved is … A lawyer and a teacher are… A lawyer and teacher is …
6随后原则：not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)7百分比结构：most , half , rest , some , majority , one+ percent of+n1+v.（由n1决定）8倒装结构的主谓一致：
a）There be +n 由名词决定动词
b）Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构：
Among / Between …+系动词+n.（由名词决定动词）
9The+adj的主谓一致：
a）当表示―一类人‖，b）当表示某一抽象概念时 The good is always attractive.10 To do/doing/主从+vs
*More than one+n many a +n.a day or two
二)、倒装 1 全部倒装
是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：Up went the plane = the plane went up.1)here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。2)表示运动方向的副词(back, down, off, up)或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。注意：1)上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。Here he comes.Away they went.2)谓语动词是be的时候，不能倒装。Here it is.Here you are.3）形容词短语/分词短语位于句首，引起倒装
*typical of
characteristic of *coinciding with + n
4）表示地点范围的介词短语位于句首，谓语动词为系动词，一定引起倒装
In…（表语）+系动词+主，主同。
*在倒装句型答案中不能出现there
*常考介词要倒装：among between in at beneath 常考的系动词：be lie exist remain rest
部分倒装
1． 否定 adv 位于句首，引起倒装：not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, no sooner…than
1）not until + 时间 + 主谓倒装，not until + 句子+主谓倒装
2）only+状语位于句首
only +ad.eg: recently
prep.短短语
eg: in recently years 从句
eg: when clause only一个词本身不倒装
3）在比较级结构中，than后面可以倒装，也可以不倒装。
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
? 1)Neither, nor, so 表示前面句子的共同否定或者肯定，产生倒装，一般主动词提前，谓语动词的其他部分就
4)as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提
前）。
as〔让步〕虽然，尽管〔词序倒装。语气比 though 强〕。
Successful as he is, he is not proud.他虽成功，却不骄傲。
Women as she is, she's every brave.Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意：A)句首名词不能带任何冠词。B)句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。5)其他部分倒装
a)so… that 句型中的so;such… that句型中的such位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.b)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.c)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.四、复合句 从句可分为：
? 名词性从句? 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 ? 形容词性从句?定语从句 ? 副词性从句?状语从句
? 常考的关系代词：that;which;who/whom/whose;where;when;what;as。
? 常见的同位语从句现行词（that之前的抽象名词）：fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding… ? 常用的引导词
o 时间状语从句：while;when;before;whenever;as;after;till;until;since;once;ever since;as/so long as;as soon as;no sooner… than;hardly… when;scarcely/barely… when;the moment/minute/instant;on(the point of)doing… o 地点状语从句：where;wherever o 原因状语从句：because;since;as;seeing that;considering that;now that;in that;for fear that;lest;owing to the fact that;because of the fact that;due to the fact that…
o 方式状语从句：as;as if;as though;how;save that…
o 比较状语从句：as;than;as… as;not so… as;hardly… than;o 结果状语从句：so that;so… that;such… that;so as to…
o 条件状语从句：if;unless;in case;so long as;so far as;provided/providing/that;supposing;granted/granting that…;giving that….o 让步状语从句：though;although;even if;even though;whether;as;however;no matter(what, how, when);for all that;in spite of the fact that;granted that;regardless of the fact that…
o 目的状语从句：that;so that;in order that;lest;for the fear that;in case… 定语从句:
which 引导的定语从句结构
1）which是关系代词，which后面应该加缺主语或者宾语的句子，在这个句子中，which要作成分，作主语或者宾语 2）in which+完整的句子
which在定语从句中作in的宾语，所以不能作后面句子的主语
3）名词+of which+谓语动词
of which来修饰名词，名词在定语从句中作主语，所以后面直接跟谓语动词 I have five books three of which are borrowed from Mary.4）介词+ which +to do 其功能相当于定语从句。The key with which to open the door is lost.5）定语从句的省略结构：
1． 如果that / which在定从中作 宾语，可以省略.sub+vt+n+(which / that)+sub+vt →s+vt+n+s+v
s+vt+n1+n2+vt
*当做题时，若发现两个名词在一起，但是似乎连不上，则一定省略that / which，则动词为vt，做谓语。
6）定从的特殊省略
the way(in which)+ 句子
the reason(why that)+句子 均为完整句
the time(that / when)+句子
I do remember the first time(that省)I ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.By the time省that+句子，句子。
7）定从的主系省略（主+系可同时省）
即：which be , who be , that be可同时省
状语从句省略结构
这种省略从句主语的方式理论上需要满足以下两个条件：
第一、特定的状语从句引导词：although though even though when while if as
第二、从句主语和主句主语必须保持一致；
第三、从句的谓语必须是be动词，主语和be动词同进同出
第五篇：高中英语必修2_unit5Music_导学案
写作任务:
你校要举行一次英语演讲比赛,话题是“畅想未来生活,享受人生欢乐”。假设你已报名,请用英语写一份120-150词的演讲稿,准备参加比赛。你可以从科技发展给人们未来的生活、学习和工作带来的影响,以及如何准备迎接挑战,适应新生活等方面展开描述和讨论。
注意:演讲稿的开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数。
Hello, everyone!I am glad to be able to give a talk about the future life and study here._______________________________________________________
That’s all.Thank you!
分析:
1.仔细审题,明确任务。本写作任务要求根据提示话题和主要信息写一份演讲稿,属于描述类的应用文。演讲稿的最大特点是其很强的实用性,这也是该类文章写作的最基本的要求。由此,该类文章的篇章结构和语言表达显得尤为重要,它们除了要显示作者基本的语言基础知识外,还要能很好地体现作者的逻辑思维和表达能力。为了便于口头表达,该类文章的语句不要过于复杂,要尽量使用口语化的语言,这样读起来顺口,听起来也容易理解。
2.根据提示,确定要点。该演讲的主要话题首先要对“未来的生活、学习和工作等情况”加以想象和描述,并根据题目提示的“科技发展给未来生活、学习和工作带来的影响”,简要说明其原因。文章的第二个主要内容是要表达“如何准备迎接挑战,适应新生活”,这也是个人观点和看法的表达。要认真分析未来生活变化给我们带来的机遇和挑战,作为未来世界的主人,我们应该怎样做,等等。
3.遣词造句,灵活表达。根据审题所得,将要表达的有效信息用灵活的句式表达出来,如:
1)作为演讲内容的总括和概述,也是文章的主题句,开篇可以表达“科技发展给未来生活、学习和工作带来很大的影响”。可以运用如下几个句式:
Thanks to the great development in science and technology, we are sure to live a happier and more wonderful life in the future.或The great development in science and technology will have a great effect on the future of our lives, work and study.等。
2)仔细分析未来生活及其巨大变化时,可以从人们的衣食住行以及学习、工作等方面加以分析与描述,可以运用not only...but also...等来连接这些变化,例如:Not only will we be provided with enough food and clothing, we can also spend more time traveling around the world and enjoying other amusements.以及We will have less stress in the future, either from our study or from the work.等。
3)在发挥个人观点,叙述“准备迎接挑战,适应新生活”的建议时,可以表达为:We
should work harder today, making preparations to make more contributions to the development of the future society and the world.等。
4.巧妙过渡,自然衔接。将表达的信息用一些过渡词或短语连接成文,注意逻辑思维和行文的连贯。可以借鉴的表达有:further more, however, therefore, only in this way等。
初稿:
Hello, everyone!I am glad to be able to give a talk about the future life and study here.As we all know, science and technology has greatly developed, so we are sure to live a happier and more wonderful life in the future.We will be1
provided not only with enough food and clothing, but also more convenient ways of traveling and living.Besides, we will have less stress both from our study and from work, because we can work and study more efficiently.However, our future is full of challenge as well.So we should work harder today.We should try to become more knowledgeable.Only in this way can we develop more skills and earn more money for the future use.We can also enjoy a more interesting and colorful life even when we are old.That’s all.Thank you!
教师点评:
1.初稿的文章结构完整,谋篇布局合理,内容表达比较全面,语句间使用了一些过渡和衔接词语,如besides、how-ever等,表达句式有几处还算精彩,如长句As we all know,..., so...以及由连词not only...but also...连接的并列句等的使用,表明作者有一定的英语表达能力。
2.文章存在的问题:
①部分表达词句过于随意,没有经过认真的思考和组织,甚至是按照汉语的表达习惯来安排句子结构的,例如:We will be provided not only with enough food and clothing, but also more convenience of traveling and living.第二个分句中缺少介词with,句子显得就不对称,也不完整。再如,在...we will have less stress both from our study and from work, because we can work and study in a more efficient way.一句中,both...and...就不如用either...or...表达得更准确。
②文章的思想性不强,或者说思想格调比较低。特别是文章的结尾,谈到未来生活的打算和建议时,仅仅满足于个人的利益,如:develop more skills and earn more money以及enjoy a more interesting and colorful life even when we are old.等显得作者思想很狭隘,没有达到一定的思想境界。
成稿:
Hello, everyone!I am glad to be able to give a talk about the future life and study here.Thanks to the great development in science and technology, we are sure to live a happier and more wonderful life in the future.Not only will we be provided with enough food and clothing, we can also spend more time traveling around the world and enjoying other amusements.It will make our spare time more interesting and colorful.Furthermore, we will have less stress either from our study or from the work since we can work more efficiently.However, our future life is not just full of amusement and joy, but also of challenge.Therefore, we should work harder today, making preparations to make more contributions to the development of the future society and the world.Only in this way can we adapt to the future life and enjoy ourselves when it comes.That’s all.Thank you!
Powerful sentences:
1.To keep fit, we need variety in our diets.A healthy diet generally includes proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables and fruit.2.Just imagine the beautiful surroundings in the future if we keep on planting more trees around us both in the cities and in the countryside.3.Compared to the life we live today, the future will be more convenient and fast-paced thanks to the advance in science and technology.4.The rapid development of science and technology will make it possible for human beings to fly to other planets to study the situations there.
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