第一篇：第二部分 历年考研英语长难句分析
Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.[句子主干]Dependence is marked first by…, with…, and then by…
[语法难点]有并列从句和省略。With引导的是伴随结构作状语，修饰的是整个第一分句描述的状态。and引导的分句省略了谓语动词marked，所以要注意其实该分句并不隶属于第一分句，而是与之并列的结构。
[句子翻译]依赖的最初表现为耐受力增强，用量越来越大才能达到预期效果，一旦停用就会产生不舒服的症状。
[翻译技巧]有些同学遇上伴随结构就不知道如何翻译了，其实只要按照原来的语序顺次翻译就是。
13．But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.[句子主干]But he talked as well about …, and he announced that…
[语法难点]该句没有从句结构，而是由and连接的两个并列成分构成。用would是因为表达了某人的主观态度和意愿。
[句子翻译]但他也谈到了创作自由与社会责任之间要“努力保持均衡”这一问题。他宣布公司将尽力对可能招致大众反对的音乐制定各种发行和标识的标准[翻译技巧]虽然没有从句结构，但是由于句子太长，有众多的修饰成分，所以建议还是拆为两句较好。
14．Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.[句子主干]Average inflation…fell to a mere…, close to its…, before
[语法难点]有省略。close to分句是非限定性定语从句，省略了which was。Before后面的成分是对全句的补充说明，是状语成分。状语成分可以置句首，也可以置句末，并无定规。之所以用rising，是因为这里需要一个名次性的结构the inflation which was，这样显得简洁得多。
[句子翻译]七大工业国家的通货膨胀率去年下降到了2.3%，接近30年来最低水平，今年7月才小幅上涨到2.5%，比许多国家70年代和80年代两位数低了很多。
[翻译技巧]the big seven industrial economies是指西方七大工业国。close to是靠近的意思。fall to是“跌落至……”的意思。
15．Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.[句子主干]Economists have been…surprised by…and…, since…,and especially…, have …
[语法难点]主句用现在完成时have been…是因为经济学家长时间以来关注，现在也在关注，是一个从过去持续到现在的动作。Since引导的是表原因的状语从句。
[句子翻译]特别让经济学家感到诧异的是，英美两国的通货膨胀带来的是良性的结果，因为传统的分析方法表明，两国尤其是美国的经济生产几乎没有出现滑坡。
[翻译技巧]favorable表示的是“非常好的”，不是“非常喜欢的”，与个人取向没有关系。productive slack是“生产滑坡”的意思。
16．Actually, it isn't, because it assumesthat there is an agreed account of human rights, which is somethingthe world does not have.[句子主干]Actually it isn’ t, because it assumes that…, which is…
[语法难点]有套合从句。本句为主从复合句。主句很简单，而because引导的原因状语从句中，又有一个that引导的宾语从句。这个从句中，主语an agreed account of human rights由一个which引导的飞行定性定语从句修饰，而这个非限定性定语从句中又有一个限定性定语从句the world does not have来修饰something。
[句子翻译]事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同的认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
[翻译技巧]agree为“约定的”意思，agreed account直译为“约定的看法”，意译为“共同的认识”。可见翻译中一定要结合汉语的语言习惯灵活转换。an agreed account of human rights不可译为“有同意的人权记录”。此外，将不定代词具体化，也更符合汉语习惯。
17．Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.[句子主干]Some philosophers argue that…, as part of an exchange of…
[语法难点]该句仍为主从复合句That引导的宾语从句中，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements充当了补充语的角色。
[句子翻译]有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在社会契约中，是责任与利益相交换的一部分。
[翻译技巧]要正确选择contract的词义，不要译成从此“收缩，缩小”Argue不要译成“争论”，而要灵活处理成“论证说”。
18．It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.[句子主干]It leads the discussion…: it invites you to think that…, or with…
[语法难点]有并列从句和省略。冒号把句子分成两部分，后一部分对前面部分作进一步解释说明。前面部分是简单句。后面部分是复合句。that引导的宾语从句中，主语是animals，谓语是should be treated，either… or…引导两个介词短语作状语，either引导的介词短语中，humans extend to other humans是一个省略引导词that的定语从句。
[句子翻译]
这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。
[翻译技巧]it 的所指要明确。leads thediscussion to extremes译成“将讨论引向两个极端”，at the outset译成“从一开始”。注意把被动句译为主动句，更合乎汉语习惯。
第二篇：考研英语长难句分析之_特殊句式(DOC)
第五讲 特殊句式及长难句解析
1．简单句、并列句、复合句
从句: 名词性：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
形容词性：定语从句
副词性：状语从句---时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式
2．省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构
英语中还有一些特殊句式，出现在阅读理解中，势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。但是，特殊句式还是有语法规律的，因此，如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律，在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象，障碍就基本克服了。
1.省略句
资料47 To err is human;to forgive, divine.Brevity is the soul of wit.文体畅晓，其智乃见。（省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去，避免重复，使句子更简洁，加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成对文章的理解困难。
省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。对于这类句式，其难点在于发现省略成分，一旦找出并补充完整，句意理解就会大大简化。
省略句如果出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分。A：and 连接的并列句的省略
材料48页：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002）
分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected.所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected.练习：1.The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness.(主语 the reasons)2.He majors in English, and I, in French.(谓语 major)3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismay.(省略主谓)B：状语从句中的省略
规则：当主句的主语与从句主语一致时候，且从句的谓语动词是Be动词时候，从句可省略 主 谓。See 材料48页 1.让步状语从句 2 时间状语从句
3．If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind.(条件状语从句)4．Some people look as if afraid of nothing.(方式状语从句)5．The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.（比较）
真题例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun.这是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰astronomical body.介词except引起的短语作
the more people online, the more potential customers there are。
The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be.【分析】本句主干使用了the more…the more…（越……越……）的结构。you have 是省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词foreign capital;现在分词结构helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure作foreign capital的后置定语。逗号之前是由which引导的非限定性定语从句which today is an electronic infrastructure，修饰前面的Third Wave infrastructure。
【翻译】你拥有的用于建造第三次浪潮基础设施（今天主要指电子基础设施）的外国资金越多，你将越富有。
3．倒装结构
倒装是一种语法手段，用以强调某一句子结构或某一句子成分。
倒装分为两种：将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装；只将助动词（包括情态动词）移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装。
Then began a hot debate between the two parties.(完全倒装)Never have we found him in such a good mood.（部分倒装）
理解倒装句的有效对策是找到句中的主语、谓语，进而将谓语动词还原到主语之后按照正常语序再来完整的理解该句话。See 材料 51页
☆ 例句分析：see 材料 59页
Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition.【解析】本句是全部倒装句，正常语序为The picture…is emerging from the 1980 census…, 倒装的原因是这个句子主语the picture 后面的现在分词结构developing more and more regional competition作nation的后置定语。句末是由as引导的时间状语从句，表示一种伴随状态。【翻译】1980年美国人口普查表明：国家内部地区间的竞争越来越激烈了。
4.分隔结构 所谓分隔结构，就是两个语法或语义关系密切的成分之间插入了其他成分，造成原本应该紧靠一起的两个成分相分离的现象。常见的分隔形式有：1.主语与谓语的分隔
This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.【分析】本句主干是This success…led Ericsson to conclude…,逗号之间的过去分词结构coupled with later research…将主语This success和谓语led分隔开，构成了分隔结构。此分隔结构中现在分词短语showing…作定语，修饰later research；由that引导的宾语从句that memory itself is not genetically determined,作showing的宾语。主句的宾语Ericsson之后的不定式结构to conclude…作宾语补足语，此不定式结构中又包含一个宾语从句that the act…is more…than…,作conclude的宾语，其中包含一个more…than…的比较结构。【翻译】这项成功以及后来表明记忆本身并不是由基因决定的研究使埃里克逊得出这样的结论：记忆是一种认知行为，而不是天生的。
2.谓语动词与宾语的分隔、See 材料 54页
3.定语或定语从句与先行词的分隔等
一言九鼎，但安特吉（Entergy）公司显然不是这样。这家公司是新英格兰地区的主要能源供应商。当它在上周宣布摒弃一个长久的允诺的时候 —— 即不再遵守该州严格的核能规定，其这一举动理所当然引起了佛蒙特州（Vermont）人们的强烈愤慨。
相反，公司的所作所为恰恰背离它当初曾许下的承诺：在联邦法院上挑战佛蒙特州法规的合宪性。为了竭力维持佛蒙特杨基（Yankee）核电站的运行，背信弃义是它采取的部分手段。这可谓惊世之举。
这种冲突自2002年以来就出现了苗头。在2002年，公司购买佛蒙特州仅有的一所核电站 —— 位于佛蒙镇上的一个日益老化的反应堆。作为让州政府批准这项购买协议的条件，公司同意在2012年以后向该州的管理部门申请经营权。在2006年，佛蒙特州更进一步，要求核电站的任何执照延期必须经过佛蒙特州立法部门的审批。当时，公司也照着做了。
或许是Entergy公司从未真正想履行这些承诺，或者是根本没有预见未来会发生的状况。事故接连不断发生，包括2007年冷却塔部分垮塌以及地下管道系统发现了泄露，让人们对佛蒙特Yankee核电站的安全性及Entergy公司的管理产生了严重怀疑 —— 尤其在公司在对管道泄露问题上做出了误导性表述之后，人们更加怀疑。佛蒙特州的参议院被Entergy公司的行为激怒了，在去年以26票对4票否决了Entergy公司的一个延期申请。
现在，公司突然声称，因为2006年制定的法案，2002年的那个协定便失效了，并且只有联邦政府才具有对核电站问题的监管权。这个案件涉及的法律问题还很模糊：尽管最高法院已经规定各州在核电站的监管上有一定的权力，但是法律学者认为佛蒙特州的情况将会提供一个先例，来验证这些权力可能延伸到何种程度。当然，人们真正担心的是，如果各州都制定自己的法规，随之便产生修补性法规。但是，如果Entergy公司能够遵守诺言的的话，这种争论也就没有意义了。
该公司似乎已经得出结论，它在佛蒙特州已名誉扫地，那么和州政府打一场官司也不担心会遭受更大的损失。但是，这样做还是会产生严重的影响。公众出于信任，才允许经营核电站。Entergy公司在美国还经营其他11个反应堆，其中包括普利茅斯（Plymouth）的“朝圣者”（Pilgrim）核电站。公司保证让Pilgrim核电站安全运转，并向联邦政府申请，批准其延长20年的经营许可。但是，当核研究委员会（NRC）在审查公司申请的时候，应该切记Entergy公司的哪些诺言还靠得住。
考研英语语法精讲讲义(4)：特殊句型之倒装
作者：新东方屠皓民 阅读：1256 评论：0 收藏
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基本句型
主谓宾定状表
I like watching the romantic movies in my spare time.He is a famous teacher in this university.谓语动词的助动词 watch---do watched---did watches---does has/have watched---has/have had watched---had can watch---can 全部倒装
—— 谓语动词放置在主语之前
An old man lives in the city center.= In the city center lives an old man.A temple stands on the mountain.= On the mountain stands a temple.全部倒装？
强调句中的地点副词或状语 There goes the bus.In the city center lives an old man.Under the tress sat a wounded soldier.With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation house-holds.考研阅读全部倒装难点： 分词结构的倒装
(a)All kinds of sea animal bodies are buried in the deep sea.(b)Our teacher was walking at the head of the line.Buried in the deep sea are all kinds of sea animal bodies.Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.(a)Added to the stress is their opportunity for stress.(2008)(b)Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.部分倒装
—— 主语和谓语动词位置不变，将谓语动词的助动词放置到主语的前面。Only with you can I feel happy.Little does he care about what I said.什么时候需要部分倒装？
（1）句首出现否定词 never, nor, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, few等 I never trust you.= Never do I trust you.He seldom believes the information from the Internet.= Seldom does he believe the information from the Internet.(2)否定词组在句首
He no longer works for the money, but for the personal development.= No longer does he work for the money, but for the personal development.(3)only+状语/状语从句在句首
We can achieve the goal only in this way.= Only in this way can we achieve the goal.(a)Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own.(b)Only when the meeting was over was he able to meet his friend.(4)so 或so引导的短语放在句首要部分倒装 He saw the film.So did she.【 ? So he did.】
-She is a student.8-
第三篇：考研英语典型长难句及解析之二
考研英语典型长难句及解析之二
The English Original: There were mists over the river and clouds on the mountain and the trucks splashed mud on the roads and the troops were muddy and wet in their capes;their rifles were wet and under their capes the two leather cartridge-boxes on the front of the belts, grey leather boxes heavy with the packs of clips of thin, long 6.5 mm cartridges, buldged forward under the capes so that the men, passing on the road, marched as though they were six months gone with child.译文一：
河上罩雾，山间盘云，卡车在路上溅泥浆，士兵披肩淋湿，身上尽是烂泥；他们的来福枪也是湿的，每人身前的皮带上挂有两个灰皮子弹盒，里面满装着一排排又长又窄的六点五毫米口径的子弹，在披肩下高高哦突出，当他们在路上走过时，乍一看，好像是些怀孕六月的妇人。
译文二：
河上升起了雾，山上飘着云，载重卡车在大路上泥浆飞溅，士兵们满身是泥，他们在斗篷里湿漉漉的；他们的步枪也是湿的。在他们的斗篷下，两个皮制的子弹盒挂在他们腰带前面，灰色的皮盒沉甸甸的，里面尽是一排排装着细长的6.5毫米子弹的子弹夹，在斗篷下面鼓了起来，士兵们经过大路向前行进，就像怀了六个月身孕似的。
The English Original:
The mountain that was beyond the valley and the hillside where the chestnut forest grew was captured and there were victories beyond the plain on the plateau to the south and we crossed the river in August and lived in a house in Gorizia that had a fountain and many thick shady trees in a walled garden and a wistaria vine purple on the side of the house.译文一：
山谷后面那座高山和那个有栗树林的山坡，已经给拿了下来，而南边平原外的高原上也打了胜仗，于是我们八月渡河，驻扎在哥里察一幢房子里。这房屋有喷水池，有个砌有围墙的花园，园中栽种了好多繁盛多荫的树木，屋子旁边还有一棵紫藤，一片紫色。译文二：
占领了峡谷那边的那座山和栽着栗树林子的那个山坡，在平原那边在南面的平原上也打了胜仗，于是八月里我们过了河，住在戈里齐亚的一所房子里，在四面围墙的花园里有一个喷泉和许多茂密阴翳的树木，房子的一边爬着紫藤，花开得紫英英的。
The English Original:
I practiced with it(pistol), holding below the target and trying to master the jerk of the ridiculous short barrel until I could hit within a yard of where I aimed at twenty paces and then the ridiculousness of carrying a pistol at all came over me and I soon forgot it and carried it flopping against the small of my back with no feeling at all except a vague sort of shame when I met English-speaking people.译文一：
我练习了一个时期，尽量往靶子的下边打，想尽方法克服短枪筒那种滑稽的颤跳，到了后来，终于能够在二十步外打中离靶子一码远的地方了，后来我常常感到佩带手枪的荒唐滑稽，但不久也就忘记了它，随便吊在腰背上，一点感觉都没有，除非是偶尔碰到讲英语的人，才多少感到有点儿不好意思。译文二：
我用它练习打枪，把枪举到靶子以下，竭力控制那可笑的短枪筒的震摇，直到我在二十步的距离瞄准而能命中一码以内的目标，这才清除了佩带一支手枪的那份荒唐可笑的心情。我很快忘记了它，我带着它在我的腰背后磕碰着却没有一丝感觉，除非碰到一个讲英语的人才微微感到有点害臊。The English Original:
Maybe she would pretend that I was her boy that was killed and we would go in the front door and the porter would take off his cap and I would stop at the concierge’s desk and ask for the key and she would stand by the elevator and then we would get in the elevator and it would go up very slowly clicking at all the floors and then our floor and the boy would open the door and stand there and she would step out and I would step out and we would walk down the hall and I would put the key in the door and open it and go in and then take down the telephone and ask them to send a bottle of Capri bianca in a silver bucket full of ice and you would hear the ice against the pail coming down the corridor and the boy would knock and I would say leave it outside the door please.译文一： 也许她会把我当做哪个阵亡的爱人，我们于是一同走进旅馆的前门，看门人连忙摘帽，我找掌柜的拿钥匙，她则站在电梯边等，随后我们一同走进电梯，电梯开得很慢，的的嗒嗒地过了一层又一层，到了我们那一层时，小郎打开门，站在一边，她走出去，我走出去，一同顺着走廊走，我拿钥匙去开门，门开了，我们进去，拿下电话机，吩咐他们送一瓶装在放满冰块的银桶子里的卡普里白葡萄酒来，你听得见走廊上有冰块碰着提桶的响声，小郎敲敲门，我就说请放在门外。译文二：
她也许会装着我是她那个阵亡的男朋友。我们从正门进去，侍者会向我们脱帽致礼，我会在服务台前停下，向服务台女职员要房间钥匙，她会侍立在电梯房，接着我们会走进电梯，电梯升得很慢经过每一层都咔嗒一声响，接着便到了我们那一层。侍役打开电梯门站在那儿，她会走出电梯，我随着走出电梯，我们就沿着过道走去。我把钥匙插进房门打开房门走进去，接着便拿起电话要他们送一瓶卡普里白葡萄酒来，要装在放满了冰的银制的冰桶里，你会听到冰块碰着桶子的声音从走廊里传来，侍者会敲门，我会说请搁在门外就行了。The English Original:
I was always embarrassed by the words sacred, glorious, and sacrifice and the expression in vain.We had heard them, sometimes standing in the rain almost out of earshot, so that only the shouted words came through, and had read them, on proclamations that were slapped up by billposters over other proclamations, now for a long time, and I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory and the sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it.译文一：
我每逢听到神圣、光荣、牺牲等字眼和徒劳这一说法，总觉得局促不安。这些字眼我们早已听过，有时还是站在雨中听，站在听觉达不到的地方听，只听到一些大声喊出来的字眼；况且，我们也读过这些字眼，从人们贴在层层旧公告上的新 上读到过。但是到了现在，我观察了好久，可没看到什么神圣的事，而那些所谓光荣的事，并没有什么光荣，而所谓牺牲，那就像芝加哥的屠场，只不过这里屠宰好的肉不是装进罐头，而是掩埋掉罢了。译文二：
神圣的、光荣的和牺牲等等这些字眼，以及徒劳无益的豪言壮语常常使我困惑。我们听到过这些字眼，有时站在雨中，在耳朵几乎听不见的地方，以致传来的只是那些大声喊叫出来的字眼，我们也曾在张贴布告的人漫不经心地一张叠一张地张贴的公告上读到过这些字眼。如今经过一段很长的时间，我没有见到过任何神圣的东西，光荣的东西并不光荣，牺牲像芝加哥屠宰场的牲畜围场，要是肉无法处理只有把它埋掉了事。
The English Original:
That night at the hotel, in our room with the long empty hall outside and our shoes outside the door, a thick carpet on the floor of the room, outside the windows the rain falling and in the room light and pleasant and cheerful, then the light out and it exciting with smooth sheets and the bed comfortable, feeling that we had come home, feeling no longer alone, waking in the night to find the other one there, and not gone away;all other things were unreal.译文一：
那天夜晚在旅馆里，房间外边是一条又长又空的走廊，门外边放着我们的鞋子，房间里铺着厚厚的地毯，窗外下着雨，房间里则灯光明亮，快乐愉快，后来灯灭了，床单平滑，床铺舒服，一片兴奋，那时的心情，好比我们回了家，不再感觉孤独，夜间醒来，爱人仍在，并没有发觉梦醒人去；除了这以外，一切事物都是不真实的。
译文二：
那天晚上在旅馆，我们的房间外面是长长的空寂无人的过道，我们把鞋子放在门外，房间的地板上铺着一层厚厚的地毯，窗外雨下个不停，房间里明亮，舒适，欢快，随着灯光熄灭，光滑的床罩，舒适的床榻，使人心情激动，感到我们已经回到了家里，感到我们已不再孤单，半夜醒来发现另一个人仍在身边没有离去；其他一切都已变得虚幻。
译文三：
那晚的旅馆，那空荡荡的走廊，那放在门外的鞋子，那厚厚的地毯，那窗外的落雨，那开灯时的欢欣和喜悦，那熄灯后体味滑滑的单子和舒适床铺的那种兴奋，那回家的感觉，那再也没有了的孤单，那夜里醒来发现爱人仍在而没离去的温馨!其他一切的一切都已不复存在了。
第四篇：2018考研英语长难句翻译讲解
2018考研英语长难句翻译讲解（2）
长短句是考研英语的一大重难点，打好长短句翻译基础，将会给我们的翻译和作文带来巨大的帮助。
1.That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be accepted as impartial judgements.【分析】复合句，主句为 That kind of activity makes it less likely, it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that 引导的名词性从句。
【译文】这类行为使得法院的裁定被认为是公正判决的可能性有所下降。2.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social concepts like liberty and property.【分析】复合句。主句为 Constitutional law is political。because 引导原因状语从句;其中分词短语rooted in...作定语修饰 choices, 介词短语 like liberty and property 修饰 concepts。
【译文】宪法是由植根于自由和所有权等基本社会观念的选择造成的，因此它是政治性的。
3.Those forced to exercises their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.【分析】复合句。主句为 Those...reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons，过去分词短语forced to...作后置定语修饰 those。than 引导比较状语从句，该从句中的主语 those 由定语从句修饰，因其较长，谓语又因与主句重复而省略为 did，所以用倒装语序。suggesting...为现在分词结构作结果状语，其中包含 that 引导的宾语从句。
【译文】那些用牙齿咬着笔，表现出笑容的人比那些用嘴唇叼着笔、表现出沮丧神情的人在看搞笑的动画片时所作出的反应更丰富。这就证明了表情能够影响情绪，而不是情绪影响表情。
【拓展】1)contract 作名词时意为“契约，合同;婚约”;作动词时意为“缔结，订契约;染上(恶习，疾病等);(使)收缩，(使)紧缩”。2)frown“皱眉，蹙眉”，既是动词也是名词。
4.An awareness that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter workers's behavior by itself.【分析】复合句。句子主干为。An awareness...seemed to be enough to alter...。that 引导同位语从句补充说明awareness，其中 they 指代后面的 workers。Be enough to do “足以...”。
【译文】只要意识到她们在接受实验，这一意识本身似乎就足以改变工人们的行为。
第五篇：考研英语长难句翻译：经典一百句
1.The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3.If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消 费者购买产品。
4.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.[参考译文]在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位)自由签定合同的权利。
5.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.[参考译文]同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。
6.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.[参考译文]不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。
7.Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.[参考译文]残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。
8.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.[参考译文]在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。
9.It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing
a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.[参考译文]它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。
10.Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.[参考译文]除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。
11.If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.[参考译文]如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言，如果这不是完全不可能达到的，也是非常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样的细节都会具有微妙的说服意味，那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人 会关注它。
12.The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.[参考译文]得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人一 一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。
13.As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.[参考译文]随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。
14.The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.[参考译文]现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他／她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招。
15.Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.[参考译文]通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。
16.The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.[参考译文]现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。
17.While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.[参考译文]在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经 验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的“商品”和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相
互关联的方式被展示出来。
18.The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.[参考译文]英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前会这样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下的讨论话题。
19.The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.[参考译文]这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。
20.The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.[参考译文]这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求，并且它(这种变化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时候，经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。
21.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.[参考译文]这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他 们作为一个阶级的重要性，这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。
22.Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.[参考译文]像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多的“舒 适”阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作，他们除了 分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。
23.The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.[参考译文]这样的“股东”对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。
24.The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.[参考译文]代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但是就连 他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有 这样的私人关系。
25.Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology； the practice of giving premiums to inventors;and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.[参考译文]在许多形成因素当中，我将挑选出这些：这个国家优秀的小学教育：欢 迎新技术的劳动者们：奖励发明者的做法；而且最重要的是美国人在对 那些技术性事物的非言语的、“空间性的”思考方面的天赋。
26.As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist”.[参考译文]正如尤金•弗格森所指出的那样：“一个技术专家思考那些不能被简化成 能被清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、非语言表述的过程宋处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。”
27.Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea”.[参考译文]罗伯特•法欧特曾经这样写到：“一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、轮子等等当中，就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字母看成自己思想的展示，在这样的展示中，每种新的次序安排都传达了--种新 的思想。”
28.In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating.He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.[参考译文]在最后三章中，他脱下手套，将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。他描述了他 们的活动和战术，而且，对于那些对神造论者的做事方式刁；熟悉的人来说，神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人有一种不快的诧异。
29.On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.[参考译文]在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上，史蒂芬•杰伊•古尔德写道：“这本书本 身就代表理性。”而它确实是这样的--而且如果理性成为神造论／地化论之间的辩论中的惟一评判标准的话，一切就都好办了。
30.After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.[参考译文]经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利亚北 部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立法当局。
31.Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.[参考译文]一些机构终于松了一口气，但是其他一些机构，包括教堂，倡导生命之 权的团体和澳大利亚医学协会，尖锐地抨击这个法案，指责法案的通过过于匆忙。但是大势已定，不可逆转。
32.In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community
attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.[参考译文]在澳大利亚--人口老龄化，延长寿命的技术和变化看的社会态度，这 些因素都在发挥作用一一其他的州也会考虑制定相似的关于安乐死的法律。
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