考研英语写作学习（合集五篇）

第一篇：考研英语写作学习

王江涛：2011考研写作必考话题

摘要：

考研重点：图画作文，英语二的重点是图表作文

考研英语写作学习

步骤

一、背诵：滚瓜烂熟！脱口而出！多多益善

背什么？——20大必背范文（10篇小作文、10篇大作文）

现在考研有强烈的反模板倾向。

例如图画作文，第一段必须描述图画，否则扣7分。

步骤

二、默写：仔细对比原文，发现写作弱点

默写后用红笔对比原文，发现的拼写、语法、标点的错误，这些就是你写作的弱点。为什么考生得不到高分？——错误太多

默写的作业在考前再次总结错误

默写程度：小作文8分钟100词，大作文15分钟200词。

步骤

三、仿写：提高考研英语写作实力

模仿背过的文章、利用里面的表达写一篇另外的文章

方法：基础较好的——重新排列组合；

基础一般的——改一个词或者一句话

二、考研英语写作六大必考话题

概述

考研重点：图画作文，英语二的重点是图表作文

2011年小作文：二选一，大纲中提到的题型如下：

1、书信、报告、备忘录（书信类应用文）——05年到10年考的都是书信类

2、摘要 小作文三种题型：书信类应用文、告示、摘要

出题规律：反押题、逆向思维

大作文：英语一70%考图画作文30%考图表、情景、提纲作文；英语二相反

考研写作六大话题：

考研作文热点：次热门话题

★健康：考过两次——96年提纲作文、97年图表作文

★两代关系：考过3次——92年（代沟问题）、03年（温室花朵经不起风雨）、05年（养老足球赛）

★爱心：考过3次——95年（希望工程）、01年（希望是一盏灯）、06年小作文（给希望工程写信请求捐款）

★环境：考过3次——99年图表作文（保护野生动物）、2000年图画作文（保护海洋资源）、09年小作文（限制使用塑料袋）

★青年面对社会：考过4次——03年（温室花朵经不起风雨）、04年（终点又是新起点）、07年（自信）、08年

★文化：考过5次

1、流行文化：考过3次——93年（电视广告）、06年（偶像崇拜）、09年（网络）

2、文化交流、文化融合：考过2次——02年（美国小女孩穿中国服装）、10年（文化火锅）

考研名师王江涛答考研常见问题

1.基础阶段的写作复习时间怎么安排？

回答：能够现在提出问题的同学一般是比较好学的同学，因为很多考生可能到了11，12月才想起了考研复习中的写作部分。基础阶段大家最需要做的工作是背单词，尤其是基础不太好的同学，所以现在每天应该拿出2-3个小时背单词，如果要是下手写作的话可以每天拿出半个小时，一般我们建议在早上晨读，大声的朗读背诵历年的精彩范文，哪怕一天背一段也可以。晨读是为了培养语感的，所以上了考场你怎么知道你写的是对的还是错的就要靠语感来判断。所以基础阶段每天半个小时去读读背背范文，就差不多了。

2.一名艺术生，基础薄弱，词汇量少，基本句子都不会，什么时候练作文呢？

回答：如果基础特别薄弱的话，现在不着急直接下手动笔写作文，先把词汇搞定，假如你在9月份之前能把考研词汇搞定，也是一个巨大的成功，如果词汇搞不定，当然就不知道该怎么写了。另外还有一个方法就是通过背文章的同时也可以积累词汇，比如一篇范文当中200个词汇，可能很多你不认识，先通过查字典搞清楚意思，所以如果一篇范文能够背下来，那么里边的词汇也就掌握了。如果基础不太好的话，我推荐一个软件，叫做新东方背单词第五版，那个软件有很多游戏帮你背单词，比如里边有一个部分叫考研词汇，给6个考研词汇，再给6个中文意思，然后连线，比方说第一次连对了3个，连错了3个，这个软件有一个记忆功能，第二次再次打开这个软件，连词的题目就会出现，再让你连。第一次连错了可以理解，第二次连错了可以理解，不可能四次五次都连错了，所以连几次就连对了。很凑巧，我在写一本书，就是针对这些基础薄弱的同学，这本书大概在2010年8月份会上市，陕西师范大学出版社出版，名字叫做“先知道长的考研写作课”，通过对话的形式告诉大家如果基础薄弱该怎么复习。我们简单总结一下，如果你基础薄弱，最应该做的是把词汇搞定，通过我们推荐的一个软件，通过背范文可以扩大词汇量。

3.平时写作总是写一些很肤浅的，对于某个论点平铺直叙，怎样才能写出立意深刻的文章？回答：这个同学明显已经进入状态了，已经开始思考这个问题了，这很好。那么这种情况其实也很常见。怎么去解决？其实每年教育部的考试分析都会公布当年的高分作文，一般就是当年的全国第一名，这些作文就是我们学习的榜样，这些作文一般都是全国所有的命题专家一致认为代表当年的最高水平的，我们知道全国有很多牛人，来自北大，清华，上外，但是这些作文为什么能成为全国第一是有原因的。所以这些作文你可以去研究，从三个方面去研究这篇范文。第一是语言，用的精彩词汇和精彩句子；第二个是结构，每段每句话是写什么的；第三个就是内容，内容就是三个方面，第一个是论点，也就是全文的中心思想，第二个就是论据，文章里有没有具体的论据，第三个就是论证手段，比如说分类，因果，正反对比这都是论证手段。所以通过一篇范文，可以提高你构思的问题，像刚才这位同学说的，总是平铺直叙，那你就去研究一下历年这些全国第一是怎么写的，从语言，内容，结构三个方面去研究。还有一点就是平时多关注一些社会热点问题，因为现在考研考察的都是社会热点问题，像10年考察的文化融合，如果文化这个问题从来没用关注过当然不太好写，09年考的是上网成瘾的问题，所以平时应该多读书多看点报纸，比如中国日报，不需要每天都看，哪怕一个月买一份，研究一下。中国日报有一个网站，里面会有一些中英的一些热点话题的总结。我们可以简单总结一下，针对这个同学的问题，我们可以研究历年的高分作文是怎么写的，第二个就是平时多关注一些热点话题，通过读书看报这个问题可以慢慢解决，也不要急于求成，因为这个问题不可能一朝一夕就解决的。

4.很多英文不好，中文意思想到了，英文写不出来，怎么办？

回答：这个问题也是我们教学经常遇到的一个问题，就是很多同学中文意思想到了但是英文写

不出来，这一点其实很正常。因为大家的英文水平和中文水平不是一致的。中文大概是大三大四学生的水平，英文相当于美国小学生初中生的水平，所以上了考场送给大家四个字，简化构思。包括平时练笔的时候，中文构思要尽量简化，不要动不动就想一个成语俗语，你是翻译不出来的，你就想一下小学的时候，比如小学一年级，语文作文写什么句子，上了考场你就想这样的中文意思，然后翻译过来。其实大家中学学的词汇足够你用了，你发现很多全国第一，高分作文全是中学词汇为主。写作不再使用难词了。另外还有一个小技巧，就是可以选择上义词，就是这个词不会，你选择一个词包括这个词的含义，但是含义比它广，比如想到“有价值的”你不会写，你想一个“重要的”，“重要的”就包括了“有价值的”，是“有价值的”上义词。我们简单总结一下，假设你中文意思不会表达，第一个简化构思，想一些特别简单的中文句子，第二个就是可以选择上义词，这些词比较简单，学过，就可以了。

5.看到作文题目不知道该如何下手，怎样确定一个写作思路呢？

回答：根据最新的大纲，目前考研写作有一个难点就是审题，审题就是为难你的，你作为一个研究生，如果连漫画都看不懂还怎么做研究？怎么练习审题？可以使用历年的考题，尤其是从98年到10年，这13年考题，里面有12年都是图画作文，我们知道大部分同学考英语

（一），重点是图画作文，英语二重点是图表作文，这12年的图画你自己先不要看范文，自己先分析它，比如这个图画的主题是什么，第一段怎么去描述，第二段怎么去分析，第三段怎么去发表评论，或者说你真的用心的话可以先把这道题目写一遍，如果基础不好实在写不出来，能不能写一篇关于这道题目的中文作文，比如写200个词，写完之后可以对照一下比较精彩的范文，或者高分作文去研究这个高分作文是怎么写的，这个需要逐渐的去训练。另外，其实考研写作有固定的思路，比如每段应该写什么，像书信，一般我们讲就写7句话，第一段2句左右，第二段3句左右，第三段2句左右。大作文只要写12句左右，第一段3句，第二段5句左右，第三段4句左右。像图画作文，第一段应该是图画描述，第一句话一般是总体描述，第二句话细节描述，第三句话写文字说明和象征意义，所以每句话写什么其实都是固定的。英文写作是一种弱智的八股文，结构是固定的，有同学会有这个问题，说“老师，既然这样，我们的结构不都一样了吗？”结构本来就是一样的，英文写作逻辑很严谨，和中文写作截然相反，每句话都应该有逻辑关系的。我们简单总结一下这个同学的问题啊，就是如果你无从下笔，可以做两个工作，第一个就是去研究历年的真题，自己先动笔写一下，或者先构思一下，再去看精彩范文，去了解差异。第二个就是要了解考研写作的写作思路，就是固定的模式，是有固定结构的，通过慢慢的积累，这个问题也可以得到解决。（10：12）

6.现在很多同学都开始注意到开头和结尾都非常重要，那我们在写这两部分的时候有什么技巧？

回答：是有的，我们在新东方在线有这样的考研课程，不管是基础班，强化班和冲刺班都会详细的讲。因为今天时间有限，我们简单提一下，这个同学可能指的是大作文，我们知道大作文一般是图画作文，那么开头第一段一般是图画描述，简要描述图画，刚才我也提到了这个问题，如果不描述图画直接扣7分，因为每点提纲各占1/3的分数，各占7分，那么第一句话一般是总体描述，总体描述一般是人物+动作+环境，前半句可以使用万能句型，比如“如图所示”，但是后半句要现场发挥，大家思考一下判卷老师重视的是前半句还是后半句？当然是后半句了。那么如果没有人物，你写动物也可以，就比如98年是一只母鸡，如果没有动物你写事物也可以，像10年是火锅，环境如果不会写可以不写，至少应该写人物加动作，或者事物加动作，10作文应该这样写，“如图所示，一只火锅正在沸腾，”这就是事物加动作，或者“如图所示，一只火锅包含多元文化因素，”第二句话去细节描述，也就是挖掘细节词，串联成句，细节词挖掘的越多越好，如10年，“儒佛道，人礼，启蒙，后现代，”等17个名词，这17个名词中真正的超纲词汇其实没有几个，大部分词汇都不超纲，虽然大纲里可能没有，但是大纲有一个附录3，里面提供了62个前缀和54个后缀，这些词缀

放在任何一个考研大纲词汇前后，形成的新词不叫超纲词汇，所以考研词汇永远不止5500，怎么也应该有7000-8000左右，那么这些词汇“儒佛道”没必要全部去描述，但是你描述的越多，证明你水平越高，而且老师最重视的段落就是第一段，第一段可以看出你水平的高低，第一段的第三句话可以点出这个图画的文字说明，比如10年作文，文化火锅既美味又营养，你说文化火锅既美味又营养，如果没有文字说明你可以点出图画的象征意义。像07年没有文字说明，比如说这个图画的象征意义是自信，所以第一段我们简单总结一下，写三句话，第一句总体描述，第二句细节描述，第三句文字说明或者象征寓意。那么结尾也就是最后一段一般是给出自己的评论，你可以写成归纳结论，也可以写成建议措施，一般写4句话左右，第一句话就是结论句，结论句要求呼应象征寓意，像10年作文的象征寓意就是文化融合对世界有好处，那么第三段第一句你说因此我认为我们应该大力促进文化融合，这就是结论句。中间两句话写两句评论，或者提两点建议。比如第一个建议我们应该保存珍惜民族文化，第二个建议我们应该对世界文化取其精华去其糟粕，最后一句话我们应该是包装结尾展望未来，我们讲过三大优秀句型，倒装，强调，虚拟，最后找一个放在结尾句。简单总结一下，结尾第三段一般也是三句话，三个部分，结论句第一句，中间两句评论或两点建议，最后来一个小结。当然如果你去关注我们的网络课堂，有更详细的讲解，确实是有技巧的，要用心去研究。

7.想不起来该用 的英语怎么说？

回答：其实刚刚在回答另外一个问题的时候我们顺便提到了这个问题，想到中文意思不知道该怎么表达。这个同学说想到一个词不知道用英语怎么说，还是那两点，我们在重复一下，第一个就是简化构思，不要想成语，不要想唐诗宋词，这你肯定不知道怎么说。你把这个词简化，比如有同学想到“齐心协力”，你不会说，你可以写“合作”，合作不会写可以写互相帮助，不要折磨自己，另外可以选择一个上义词，这个词汇你不会写，选择一个简单的词汇，比如说众志成城，上义词还是互相帮助，所以跟刚刚的那个是一个问题，就是一个词如果英文不会写，你可以先简化构思，其次选择一个上义词，大家如果有兴趣的话，你去看一下朗文词典，朗文词典使用了2000个中学词汇，解释了世界上几十万个词汇，所以中学词汇用好了足够你取得考研写作的满分了。这个问题也不用太紧张。

8.文章中长句子越多越好吗？

回答：是这样的，如果你参加国外考试，像托福雅思等或者参加专四专八，这种要求比较高的考试，应该是以长句为主，长短结合以长句为主，但是参加四六级考研这样的考试，以短句为主就可以了。考研写作的原则是长短结合以短为主，短句指的是10个词左右的句子，长句是指15-20个词左右的句子。有同学还是不知道怎么去写，简化一下，小作文7句话就是4短3长，大作文12句话，就是7短5长，比如08年全国第一只写了176个词，里面并没有使用太长的句子，09年全国第一，写了299个词，但是里面也没有太长的句子。所以到底怎么写作文，唯一的原则是研究教育部公布的考研高分作文，这是我们学习的榜样。我们简单总结一下这个问题就是不以长句为主，上了考场，往往基础不好的同学句子越长，因为不知道如何断句。作文好与不好，老师一眼就能看出来，好的作文看起来舒服，证明学时语感比较好。所以第一点我们还是应该做到把它写对，然后追求难度

9.练习写作的过程中不知道写出来的作为是否正确，怎样自我检查？

回答：有一个免费批改作文的网站，哪怕你不是我们新东方在线的学员，只要写了考研作文，你发到我们网站上提供的邮箱，我们会提供免费的批改，比较详细。主要是为了帮助大家提高写作水平。这是第一点。第二点，如果你周围有英语老师，帮你批改也可以。自己批改很难找到错误的。

10.作文题目关注什么的类型？

回答：确实题目越来越灵活了，10年小作文考的是告示，大作文考的文化火锅，我们新东方在线上会挂一个视频的讲解，小作文针对明年的考试，不管是英语一还是英语二，有三种题型需要关注，第一种是书信类应用文，包括书信，备忘录和报告，第二种就是告示类应用文，第三种就是摘要，虽然没有考过，但是大纲提到了，所以针对明年的小作文，有三种题型书信告示和摘要，可能性各占1/3，全面复习，不要押题。针对大作文，如果考英语一，大部分考生，重点是图画作文，明年70%考图画作文，30%考图表作文，或者是提纲作文，情景作文，图画作文就是漫画照片，图表作文就是表格数据，提纲作文就是只有三点提纲，情景作文就是一段话。如果考英语二，70%考图表作文，30%考图画作文，提纲作文或情景作文。题型越来越灵活，对大家的要求越来越高。

王江涛：2011考研作文五步走

对于考研写作，最基本的要求是考前必须动笔写出30篇文章，其中十篇应用文，二十篇图画作文。注意：动笔写的文章最好是有范文的题目。根据新东方在线写作辅导名师王江涛的建议，写作应分为五步：

NO.1 写作

写作写作，第一步首先是写！可以拿考题多加练习。

NO.2 仔细对比

第二个就是仔细对比，写完后对照范文从三个方面去研究：第一个是内容，也就是构思和原文有何区别；第二个是语言，也就是用词、用句和原文有何区别？第三个是结构，就是你的行文思路和原文有什么区别？这是第二个步骤，写作的区别其实就是写作的弱点。

NO.3 背诵

第三步骤就是背诵：也就是可以去背诵一些范文。有的同学说了，范文我背过了，但是写作的时候还是不会写。有两个原因，第一个原因是你背得不熟，背得结结巴巴，还不如不背；第二个原因是没有练过，只是死记硬背。所以为什么背了还不会用，有两个原因，第一背不熟，第二没有练过。背到什么程度，我们讲，有12个字“滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善。”要背到不需要去想，不需要去动脑子！如果背一篇文章还需要去想，那就证明还背得不熟。大家上考场，如果能想起平时的70%，那已经是相当不错了。所以一定要背熟，这就是第三个步骤。

NO.4 默写

第四个步骤就是默写：背熟后把书合上，把这篇文章默写下来。默写后，做一个工作：仔细对比原文发现写作弱点，你会发现你默写的文章和原文会有一些出入。包括拼写、语法、标点，这种错误就是你写作的弱点，把这些错误用红笔标出来。大家为什么写作拿不到高分，根源只有一个——错误太多。很多错误自己都不知道。

NO.5 仿写

第五个步骤就是仿写：什么叫仿写？就是模仿你背过的文章再写出一篇新文章。在背完一篇文章后，要想想这篇文章有什么精彩的词组、词汇和句型可以使用。然后换一个话题，把这篇作文用一下，用里面词汇、词组和句型去构思另一篇文章。

考研作文并不难，关键是要掌握好学习方法，按照这五个步骤来准备考研作文，大家一定都会考出好成绩的。

第二篇：考研英语写作必备

考研英语：写作必备词汇(一)

中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)国庆节 National Day

中秋节 Mia-Autumn Festival春节 Spring Festival

元宵节 Lantern Festival儿童节 Children‘s Day

端午节 Dragon Boat Festival妇女节 Women’s Day

泼水节 Water-Splashing Day教师节 Teachers’ Day

五四青年节 Youth Day

考研英语：写作必备词汇(二)

中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)

锅贴 guotie(fried jiaozi)花卷 steamed twisted rolls

套餐 set meal盒饭 box lunch;Chinese take-away米豆腐 rice tofu魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu

米粉 rice noodles馄饨 wonton

火锅 chafing dish八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝 glass noodles豆腐脑 jellied bean curd冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws(or apples, etc.)

考研英语：写作必备词汇(三)

中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)京九铁路 Beijing –Kowloon Railway中国电信 China Telecom扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project中国移动 China Mobile菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan温饱工程 Decent-Life Project中国电脑联网 Chinanet安居工程 Economy Housing Project三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign希望工程 Project Hope西部大开发 Go-West Campaign

考研英语：写作必备词汇(四)

大陆中国 Mainland Chin铁饭碗 iron rice bowl

红宝书 little red book大锅饭 communal pot

红色中国 socialist China关系户 closely-related units四化 Four Modernizations外出打工人员 migrant workers终生职业 job-for-life

关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild

五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals

四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美)the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment

考研英语：写作必备词汇(五)

基层监督 grass-roots supervision婚纱摄影 bride photo

基础税率 base tariff level黑心棉 shoddy cotton

婚介所 matrimonial agency机器阅卷 machine scorin

婚外恋 extramarital love

即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery

集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development

价格听证会 public price hearings甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team家政服务 household management service

加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion假帐 accounting fraud叫板 challenge;pick a quarrel

矫情 use lame arguments渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence借调 temporarily transfer

扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption

安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents

信息化 information-base ormationization

智力密集型 concentration of brain power knowledge-intensive

外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel三角债 chain debts

素质教育 education for all-round development

豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects社会治安情况 law-and-order situation民族国家 nation state台独 independence of Taiwan台湾当局 Taiwan authorities台湾同胞 Taiwan coMPAtriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。

Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.西部大开发 Development of the West Regions

可持续性发展 sustainable development

风险投资 risk investment通货紧缩 deflation

扩大内需 to expand domestic demand

计算机辅助教学 computer-assisted instruction(CAI)

网络空间 cyberspace网上购物 shopping online

虚拟现实 virtual reality应试教育 exam-oriented education网民 netizen(net citizen)学生减负 to reduce study load电脑犯罪 computer crime总裁助理 assistant president电子商务 the e-business综合治理 comprehensive treatment安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents

信息化 information-based;informationization

智力密集型 concentration of brain power;knowledge-intensive

外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises

下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel下海 plunge into the commercial sea下网 off line

小康之家 well-off family;comfortably-off family

新秀 up-and-coming star, rising star

新新人类 New Human Being;X Generation信息港 info port形象小姐/先生 image representative of a product or a brand

虚拟网 virtual net学生处 students′ affairs division研究生毕业证/学位证 graduate diploma/graudate degree′sdiploma

摇钱树 cash cow以人为本 people oriented;people foremost义务教育 compulsory education易拉罐 pop can

应试教育 examination-oriented education system

考研英语：写作必备词汇(六)

The classification for the commodities

1.frozen food 速冻食品 5.personal-care supplies 个人护理用品

2.dairy products 牛产品6.toys 玩具

3.packaged foods 包装食品7.car-care products 汽车护理用品

4.cleaning supplies 清洁用品8.yard-care products 庭院护理用品

考研英语：写作必备词汇(七)

Different stores

1.Convienience store便利店2.Grocery store小卖部

3.Supermarke超市4.Drug store药店

5.Department store商场6.Discount store打折店

7.Factory outlets厂家直销点8.Specialty shop专卖店

9.Shopping mall/shopping center购物中心

Houshold department

dish 碟子silverware 银器cooking utensils 厨具

pots 壶pans 锅

第三篇：考研英语写作

高分范文展示：

The global economy, who is sleeping over that stretcher, like a helpless-sick wreck, is being practiced emergency treatment by worldwidebanking systems, which are trying their best to save the market intensively by cooperation.Conspicuously, that’s a horrible depiction related to/concerning the the world.the top of the list which should never be overlooked.First of all, , as the case of would make its comeback every 10-30 years on the average, so would this time.Furthermore, the overestimation of economic prosperityhas resulted in a great multitude of foams/bubbles in the securities and the realties.gues, who made use of installment policy to speculate in real estate industry, thus, only spending 30% of totally-needed funds in possessing 3 apartments, with the aggregate price over RMB 2 million.Actually, it is not the Day of Judgment.What we are glad to see is the keyword – “cooperation”and we will surely get through this tough period before long.好句写法：把句子拉长→加修饰：

(1)n.+ who/which/that… 加从句

e.g.Many peopletakeseriously the lifestyle of chasing for luxuries.那些把一个人拥有财产的数量当作评判其社会地位的唯一标准的人们，会很重视追逐奢侈品的生活方式。

(2)n./句子结尾 + v.-ed(en)(被动)/ v.-ing(主动)加分词（定语后置）

e.g.youngsters, ranging from/who range from 20 to 30 years old ranging fromwith研究发现，和十年前的5%相比，现在有近24%的年轻白领表示不清楚自己想要什么。

(3)n.+ with + n.(修饰语)加限定词

e.g.A pretty girl → a girl with an angel-like face and a fairy-like figure

e.g.Nowadays, a lot of riches like buying luxurious autos to show/display their success and existence.当今，很多有钱人喜欢通过买豪车来显示自己的成功和存在。

→These days, withdefined as the typical marks of 句型模仿：

07 阅读text3最后一段：

From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholescale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.* Looks far less like… a good deal more like… 看起来不像是……而更像是……

模仿→05大作文：养老足球赛

From our conscientious and clear-minded perspective, much of this behavior, undoubtedly, looks far less like like a 依据我们的良知，毫无疑问，大多数这种行为并不能提供合理分配赡养老人义务的机会，相反，它更像是一种加剧中华传统美德“尊老爱幼”走向大规模衰败的危险行为

大作文——开头what、中间why/effect、结尾how

What——虚开头（首段首句）

(1)坊间流传多年的所谓经典套话

As can be seen in the picture given above…

→ Asgiven above…

e.g.悲观乐观 man, passion-sufficient and energy-continuous, is climbing upon a ladder to reach to his shining blue print.(2)直接描述

e.g.12002年作文：美国女孩穿着中国传统服饰

There is a beautiful American girl, who is standing over there in a Chinese traditional costume, smiling just like a flower.a Chinese traditional costume.e.g.2 2010年作文：文化“火锅”，既美味又营养

those dishes and cooking ingredients in a Chinese traditional hot-pot, including e.g.2012年作文：悲观乐观 What——[描述+宽泛、宏观的点评]（首段第二句）

It is aa significant information that 主题has been in the spotlight in current society主题 has aroused wide concern at any corner of our social consensus.e.g.家庭成员关系 * 首段第二句和第二段首句应该有一定层次感，首段第二句提出一个观点/现象，第二段首句再将其具体化/细节化，直击中心。

Why/Effect——实开头：（主题句）+ 原因/影响（内部：自身 / 外部：社会、媒体）+ 例子

(1)主题句：

Among the topic concerning主题（抽象）, as the depiction/picture shows, the most cardinal tip is related to the issue of主旨中心思想（具体）.e.g.家庭关系

Among the topic concerning the depiction shows, the most e.g.出国留学人数/考研人数/公务员人数(2)引出原因

Several factors could weigh heavily for the happening of ____, yet, suspended at the top of the list are the following two aspects.To begin with, _____.Additionally, _____.e.g.中国传统文化/美德的缺失(3)引出影响

It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the revolutionary influences(that)the 现象 gives rise

to.To begin with, … Apart from… ,* 表示导致的短语：Contribute to Result in/trigger/induce/spell/invite

* 表示原因：inducement/incentive

e.g.人人考公务员 result in.To begin with, … Apart from … , * Apart from用法：Apart from(mentioned above), …(new information)= Besides, … , Google could owe its success to the brilliance of its founders, Sergey Brin and Larry Page.* 表示归因于：owe/ascribe/attribute… to …

(4)举例子

A good case blowing my mind now is 人/物, who/which …

e.g.慈善/真正的成功

A good case blowing my mind now is a world well-known man, whose name is Bill Gates, industry after his retirement.* 例子不能单独提出，例子前面要有一个论点，或者在例子后面要有一个点评和结论，这样才是一个完整的举例（名人名言也同理）。

How——提出建议（Suggestion）：规则、思想、行为

(1)制定规则：

Lay down/Establish the effective/reliable/available/practical regulations to …呼应主题.（敬老）（保护环境）（留学）

(2)改变思想：

Deliver the moderate 主题词 outlook to guide us both physically and mentally.e.g.Deliver the moderate outlook to guide us both physically and mentally.成功观/生活观/物质观/世界观/知识观/能源观

(3)规范行为：

Exert/Implement/Practice the rational 主题词 manners to live in a much more harmonious/compatible atmosphere/circumstance.circumstance.(4)补充说明方法：名人名言（适用于最后一段提完建议之后）

万能套话：

As a classic saying goes,千里之行，始于足下

应用：提完建议之后

Yet, it is very probable to say without any exaggerationthat depending on the lack of 主题词, many citizens/youths would have immersed in such an extreme condition for a long time.Does it have opportunities for us to make achange ? / Is it possible to make a change? Actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.We will surely handle/optimize/refrain from … as long as the above mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.e.g.养老 Actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.We will surely refrain from as long as the above mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.e.g.奢侈浪费

Yet, it is very probable to say without any exaggeration that depending on the lack time.Does it have opportunities for us to make a change? Actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.We will surely mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.特别讲解：主体段落的展开（第二段）

(1)单向话题：要么褒，要么贬

原因展开：

The factors contributing to… are vastly complex.Some attribute it to ….Others place the blame on / Others place the high value on ….Still the rest complain of/ attach importance to …

e.g.为什么很多年轻人最终会抽烟

The factors contributing to a big rise in are vastly complex.Some attribute it to(2)双向话题

e.g.中国传统风俗习惯的改变是好还是坏

According to my humble perspective, every sword is double-edged.is both positive and negative.To begin with, it goes without denying that the new-changed customs and habits have distinct advantages.On one hand, they On the other hand, they eliminate “culture gap” to Although / Whilebidding farewell to the bygones enjoys considerable merits, it still have their own drawbacks when the following point is taken into account.A good case coming to my mind now isof the Chinese virtues – raising seniors.After all, * 举例子的时候，要实现从手段到效果的跨越（我们要怎么做来达到什么效果）

小作文——Simplified（简明扼要）字数：100-120

* 大作文的套话和模板不能用在小作文中！

* 小作文写作时必须覆盖每个题目要求的要点

(1)Letter——邮件、信件：生活化/接地气

a)邀请信

学术邀请（充满敬意）：

开头：正式邀请（含参会时间和主题）

主体：介绍会议安排

结尾：希望得到正式回复，并确认

Dear Professor ___,It is my great honor to extend you our sincere invitation of an academic forum held on 具体时间 in/at 地点,which focuses on the topic of主题

The forum mentioned above will be arranged as followings.Firstly at 8 a.m.will start the 主题involves.Afterwards, there will be another arrangement, including ___.Then at around 时间, 另一个安排.I really hope you can make it.If it is possible, I would like to ask you for sending me your bank

account, and I’ll pay you 40 percent of the total lecture fees as the deposit.最后期限.落款

范文：

Dear Professor Liu,It is my great honor to extend you my sincere invitation of an academic forum held on Jan.1 in The Nation’s Theatre, which focuses on the topic of Chinese traditional culture.The forum mentioned above will be arranged as followings.Firstly at 8 a.m.will start the opening of the forum, which involves a brief presentation with regard to the prospects as well as plights thatthe promotion of Chinese culture may encounter.Afterwards, there will be another arrangement concerning a micro-movie of the cultural relic exhibition, which will last 15 minutes.Then at 9 to 11 o’clock, you would be highly expected to present us a lecture named “World Needs China”.I really hope you can make it.If it is possible, I would like to ask you for sending me your bank account, and I’ll pay you 40 percent of the total lecture fees as the deposit.Reply, if you please before next weekend.Li Ming,The Supervisor of XXX

b)申请信

学校组织社团评优，要写申请。你是学校创新社（Innovation Agency）的负责人，请你代表你们社参与评优，写一封申请信。

范文：

Dear Sir or Madame,Innovation Agency – “Most Improved Organization Award”.private tools’ rebuilding the living.building to make it accessible/easy to wheelchairs..Yours faithfully,Li Ming

c)回复投诉信（对别人投诉的回复和安抚）：承担责任，尝试挽回

有人投诉你负责的勤工助学中心某学生表现糟糕，部分原文：

I will not use your temporary staff any more for their disastrous performance.范文：

Dear Sir,temporary administration assistant you received from my organization,.We really care about our clients and that is why we will try to give some explanation about what happened.candidate training.work for you.Yours faithfully,Li Mingd)销售信（空格处填入产品名）

Last year, we achieved a 215% increase in the sales of our ______.We believe that this happy state of affairs be attributed to two causes.First, we managed to avoid passing on any part of our increased manufacturing costs to our majestic clients.Second, we believe our designs and colors are the most attractive that we have ever produced.And so we are happy to be able to tell you that our new season’s ____ are, if anything, more persuasive than last year’s and our prices will compare very favorably with those of any of our competitors.We believe that your will agree that our samples prove the truth of our claims.We look forward for you to favor us an order.e)现场笔录证明

You’ve come across a serious crash last night when a taxi heavily knocked down a passerby.Now the police asked you to offer a certificate of witness involving following points:

1.The time and place

2.The process of this emergency

Witness on a Crash

It was 时间 in a 星期 night, 日期, when I was about to enjoy my late snack a first aid to the young and phoned ambulance at once.Signature:Li Ming

(2)Notice——通知、告示

a)失物招领（Lost and Found）：信息要有所保留，不能全部透露

Case: You’ve picked up an ED（电子辞典）

1.Time and place

2.The feature of this electronic dictionary（留一个最大特征来核实对方身份）

3.Your information for contact

Lost and Found

On the evening of 日期regular magazine.of this ED the phone number Sincerely yours,Li Ming

第四篇：2013考研英语写作

应用文

满分策略：

3.1信函写作：称呼、正文、落款 第一步：审题—判断是个人书信&事务公函

决定：

语域使用：正式:使用礼貌表达,不用缩略语（对公）

半正式: 可以使用缩略和口语表达（对私）

非正式:（一般不考）——It depends 呼语: 特定的写信对象：Dear XX;不明确收信人：Dear Sir/Madam, or To Whom It May Concern，3.1.2正文 三段（8句）：写作目的段、细化段、感谢或者期待。各种信函内容安排

建议信：2007年及2009年Part A真题及解析： 基本结构：

Dear„/To Whom It May Concern, 第一段：写信目的，自我介绍,赞扬在先,仍需改进。第二段：建议细节。

第三段：期望改进,表示感谢。

Yours sincerely，Li Ming 2007年Part A 真题及解析（建议信）：

Directions: Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.To Whom It May Concern, I am a student in this university who regularly comes to the library to spend my spare time.Generally speaking, the services you offer here are quite good;however, I have some suggestions for you to adopt.And I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration.To begin with, will you please prolong the time for reading? In the daytime, most of the students are having classes, so they can’t come to the library.Moreover, some of the books on shelves are out of date.If you are so kind as to provide us some books such as the latest magazines, we will be very pleased.I really wish to have a more comfortable library.Thank you for your time and consideration.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

建议信框架：

Dear XX/To Whom It May Concern, I am xxx who„.Generally speaking, the services you offer here are quite good;however, I have some suggestions for you to adopt.To begin with,„建议一； Moreover, „建议二。

Thank you for your time and consideration.And I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 投诉信

与投诉信比较：仍然以提建议为主,无需赞扬,直接表明写信目的—即提建议,最后无需感谢,只需表示期待改进。

基本结构：

第一段： 自我介绍，陈述事由，提出建议。

第二段：投诉细节（补救细节）。第三段：期待改进。投诉信框架：

Dear XX/To Whom It May Concern, I am xxx who„.I am writing to express my dissatisfaction/disappointment about„（投诉信）。具体事由。To improve the situation, it is advisable for you to take the following measures。

To begin with,„细节一； Moreover, „细节二。

We trust that you will now consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of this kind

Yours sincerely, Li Ming 致歉信：2008PartA真题及解析 基本结构和常用句型：

Dear„, 第一段：表明写信目的：道歉，阐述道歉原因, 第二段：提出解决方法。

第三段：再次道歉。

Sincerely yours, Li Ming 2008 Part A 真题及解析（致歉信）： Directions: You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there.Write him a letter to 1)make an apology, and 2)suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the den of the letter.Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.解析

Dear Bob, I am writing to express my apology to you.Several days ago, I borrowed your music CD when I lived in your house.Unfortunately, after I came back from Canada, I found it in my luggage.Was in such a hurry that I forgot to return it to you.I will send it to you by post of expose as soon as possible.If necessary, I will compensate for any troubles it may cause.Once again, I feel so sorry for any inconvenience caused.Please accept my apologies.Sincerely yours, Li Ming 道歉信框架： Dear xx, I am writing to apologize to you for my failing to „.道歉理由。

Excuse me for my carelessness in making such a mess.To make up for the inconvenience caused, I would like to...补偿一。补偿二。

Once again, I feel so sorry for any inconvenience caused.Please accept my apologies.Sincerely yours, Li Ming

辞职信：2005年Part A真题及解析（辞职信）： 基本结构： Dear„，Yours sincerely, Li Ming 2005年part a 真题及解析（辞职信）： Directions: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine design and fashion.but now you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss, Mr.Wang, Telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address.Dear Mr.Wang, I am writing this letter to apologize that I will quit the position as an editor of your magazine for the reason of myself.Two months ago, I was accepted by the design and fashions as a member of it.I was deeply impressed by the kindness, diligence of all staff members around me.But during the span of working here, I have come to realize that the job probably is not suitable for me because I want a more peaceful life, such as a teacher.And you know that I am not an outgoing girl.I find that I am not able to devote all my efforts to a job which I do not really like.So I am awfully sorry to tell you my decision to quit.Please accept my apology.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 辞职信框架 Dear XX，Yours sincerely, Li Ming

慰问信： 基本结构： Dear„，Yours sincerely, Li Ming 范文解析： Dear Li Gang, I was really shocked and saddened to hear of your unhappy experience in the earthquake.There is little that anyone can say or do at a time like this to ease your grief, but I would express my deepest sympathy.In the next day or so you will receive a little package from me.I hope you like it, and that it will be useful at your present moment.What’s more, please don’t hesitate to contact me if there is anything else I can do now and always.I do hope you will soon get well again and be able to come back to school.Be assured of my availability and eagerness to help in any way I can.Yours sincerely，Li Ming 慰问信框架 Dear XX，Yours sincerely, Li Ming

Dear XX，Yours sincerely, Li Ming Li Ming 祝贺信： 基本结构： Dear„，Yours sincerely, Li Ming

范文解析：

Dear Zhang Jian, I am just as proud as you can be of you and send my sincerest congratulations on your admission to Beijing University as a postgraduate.During the past four years, you kept improving and devoted yourself into your major study.I am delighted that the four years of your study has been rewarded in this way.It is obvious that you will have a promising future in front of you.Congratulations again.I wish you will make great achievement in you future study and life.I am looking forward to hearing more good news in your studies and research work.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

祝贺信框架

Dear XX, I am just as proud as you can be of you and send my sincerest congratulations on„.During the past four years, you kept improving and devoted yourself into„.I am delighted that the four years of your effort has been rewarded in this way.It is obvious that you will have a promising future in front of you.Congratulations again.I wish you will make great achievement in you future study and life.I am looking forward to hearing more good news in your studies and research work.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 邀请信：

a)基本结构：

Dear„, Yours sincerely, Li Ming 范文解析：

Dear Professor Wang, It is my honor to inform you that there is a “Culture Festival” held in mu school.Would you like to give us an excellent lecture on Psychology in the auditorium of our campus at 6:30 P.M., Sept.13th? Since psychology has caused more and more concerns among the students, and you are an expert in the area, we all expect your acceptance and your wonderful lecture.I very much hope that you will accept the invitation.And I am looking forward to hearing back from you.Yours sincerely, Li Ming b)常用句型：

We are having a farewell party/a gather together/meeting/seminar in(place)on(date)at(time).Would you like to come?(不太正式)

It is my honor to inform you that there is an academic meeting in(place)on(date)at(time).We would be too glad to invite you as„(正式)

I very much hope that you will accept the invitation.And I am looking forward to hearing back from you.感谢信：（重要）

基本结构 Dear„，Yours sincerely, Li Ming

范文解析： Dear Jim, I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude.I am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi.If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid, I fear that the Consequences might have been much more serious.Everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome.Although nowadays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish, we see very few people practice what they preach.If there were more people like you, this world would be a much nicer place.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 感谢信框架（重要）

Dear Jim，Yours sincerely, Li Ming 申请信:2006年Part A 真题及解析（申请信&请求信：工作，求学，奖学金）基本结构和常用句型： Dear„, 告知信息来源及写信目的

突出重点的自我介绍（专业，学习成绩，英语水平，学习能力，性格及合作精神）, 附简历, 表示感谢。

Yours sincerely，Li Ming

申请信:其他

2006年Part A真题及解析（申请信&请求信）Directions：

You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area.Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate.You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.（10points）解析：

To Whom It May Concern, I am writing this letter to you to ask if there is a child in need of financial sponsorship through the Hope Foundation。

I am willing to give financial aid to those children who have not had a chance to receive education in poverty-stricken area.I would like to help two kinds of children：first ,those who do not have a stable source which can cover their education fees, and second, those whose academic performance in school is excellent.I have decided to commit myself to save the necessary financial aid required to accomplish my goal.I have not doubt(There is not doubt)that I meet the criteria required for a sponsor and look forward to hearing from you.Yours sincerely，Li Ming

常用句型：

I learnt from the newspaper that you want an accountant and I would like to apply for the job I am writing to apply for Enclosed is my resume to provide additional information about my undergraduate work.I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss further how my qualifications meet the needs of your organization.Thank you for your time and consideration.推荐信

框架

第一段：写信目的，指出写信人和被推荐人的关系，第二段：推荐原因（品质，能力，性格等）：多写优点肯定成绩。

第三段：总结说明被推荐人值得被推荐（例如能胜任某项工作）。范文

Dear sir/ Madam, It is with great pleasure that I recommend to you Zhang Jian, an outstanding graduate majoring in Business Administration.I have been in charge of Mr.Zhang’s class since they were freshmen, so I know his well.He is courteous, sincere and hardworking.He took several courses in computer science, which strengthened his administration ability.And his excellent communication ability and a good command of English add a lot to his managerial skills.I believe Zhang Jian is the right person for the position as an administrator in your company.I recommend him without reservation and believe you will find him a helpful and responsible staff member.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

询问信：考研英语大纲样题应用文部分（询问信）：

基本结构和常用句型：

Dear „, 自我介绍,表明写信目的是咨询某事。

询问细节。

感谢及相关信息。

Yours sincerely, Li Ming 常用句型：

27.I am writing this letter to inquire about „ 28.I want to/would like to know „ 29.I wonder if „

30.Would it be possible for you to „? 31.How should I pay for these books?—by cash or by other means? 32.Finally, if I order these books now, when can I get them? How will these books be delivered to my house? 33.I should be grateful if you could give me an early reply.3.2 备忘录/告示类应用文写作（Memorandum/Notice）

告示类

标题居中—notice/announcement 日期---标题下一行右侧（Jan.7, 2012）

正文：

第一段 通知目的

第二段 具体信息

第三段 联系方式、表示欢迎 范文分析

Announcement

Jan.7, 2012 In order to improve students’ ability, the Postgraduate Association is recruiting volunteers for a conference about globalization which will be held in the coming May.To begin with, the volunteers are requested to speak English fluently and are expected to be active and open-minded.Furthermore, the volunteers will be trained for 5 days and therefore the senior students with more free time are preferred.Anyone who is interested with it please contact us, and send your resume to the email address: 123456@163.com

Postgraduate Association memo基本结构： TO: FROM: SUBJECT: DATE:（month day,year）

正文

签名 模拟题及范文： Directions: You are an active member of the student newspaper.The newspaper is currently looking for journalists for the summer semester.Write a memo that will appear in the newspaper next week describing the position available.Date: August 10,2005 To: All students From: Li Ming

3.3 摘要写作（Abstract）

This article focuses on the „.This thesis discuss/analyzes„.This paper provides an overview of „

This paper presents up-to-date information on „

第五篇：考研英语写作

1.图画作文

It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about _______(图画主题)，which is ______________(进一步的说明)。He seems to be saying that_______________(给出细节)。In my opinion，___________(个人阐述)。

This simple picture is a wake up call for ______(所涉群体，如the whole of the human race)。Therefore，it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to put an end to _____________(问题所在)。One the one hand，we must _________________(建议一)。It is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _________(进一步说明)。On the other hand，________________(建议二)Only in this way can we___________(展望前景)。

2.图表作文

The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(图表主题)。The first thing we notice is that_______________(图表最大特点)。This means that as __________，_________________(进一步说明)。

We can see from the statistics given that _______________(图表细节一)。After ving_________(细节一中的第一个变化)，the _____Ved+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化)。The figures also tells us that_________________________(图表细节二)。(数据位置，如In the second column)，we can see that ____________accounts for _______(进一步描述)。

Judging from these figures，we can draw the conclusion that___________(结论)。The reason for this，as far as I am concerned is that_____________(给出原因)。/ It is high time that we Ved(发出倡议)

各位可爱的同学：

考题为应用文写作，所以要注意：

1.条理清楚，按照下列老师所列每种应用文的格式把内容写完整。

2.可以先用中文把提纲要求包含的信息都写下来，再翻译成英语。这样可以确保不会把应该包括的信息漏掉。

3.不要写错误的单词，宁可用简单易懂的单词代替，注意卷面清洁和工整。预祝大家都考上心仪的学校，制定好复习计划，按部就班，调整好心态好好复习，你的心愿一定能实现，人生该吃苦该拼搏时就要拼搏！各位加油！

一． 祝贺信(Letter of Congratulations)：

祝贺信的写作与普通信件没有什么大区别，但应注意：

1．必须包括对收信人的称谓。

2．必须包括对收信人的祝贺。

3．必须包括写信人的姓名。

4．措词真诚、轻松愉快，切忌言过其实。

Sample:

Dear Guojun，I heard that you graduated with high honors from Southeast University last month.I know that all your family must be very proud of you, and as your friend, I feel the same.I wish you greater and more brilliant success in your studies and work in the future.With best wishes.Yours sincerely，Qi Zi

常用祝贺信用语

1．Warm congratulations on your success in passing the entrance examination to … university.热烈祝贺你考上了……大学。

2．Please accept our sincere wishes for your…

请接受我们对您……的衷心祝愿。

3．I extend my best wishes for your success.衷心祝愿你成功。

4．May each new year bring you new hope.愿每个新年都给您带来新的希望。

二、道歉信(Letter of Apology)

Sample:

May 5

Dear Carole，I am very sorry that I missed your phone call yesterday.I shall be at home tomorrow morning.Would you please call me again?

Sincerely yours，Lisa

道歉信常用语句

1．Please accept my sincere apologies.请接受我们诚挚的道歉。

2．Please accept my sincere apologies for the lateness of my birthday greetings.3．

I am sorry I missed your …

对不起，我错过了你的……

4．I’ve to offer you an apology for not coming to your party.未能参加你的庆祝会，我得向你道歉。

5．Please accept my sincere apologies for…

请接受我对……诚挚的歉意。

Ex.就下述内容写一封道歉信：

你的一位朋友昨天来看望你，你正巧外出未遇，对此你写信表示歉意，并约他明天再过来。

May 5

Dear Tom，I am very sorry that I was out when you called on me yesterday.Could you come again tomorrow evening as I have something important to discuss with you?

Sincerely yours，Lisa 更多例子：

1.因未能践约赴宴致歉 Unable to keep one’s promise

Dear [Miss Nancy]，Much to my regret I was unable to keep my promise to attend your [birthday] party [last Saturday], owing to the fact that my [little son] was suddenly taken ill early [that day].Hoping to see you soon.Truly yours，亲爱的[南希小姐]：

[小儿][上周六]突然生病，因此未能应约赴[生日]宴，殊觉抱歉，希原谅，再见。

祝好！

2.因迟复来信致歉 Because of answering one’s letter late

Dear [David]:

I am afraid that you will think me unpardonably negligent in not having answered your letter dated [7, December] sooner, but when I have told you the reason, I trust you will be convinced that the neglect was excusable.When your letter arrived, I was just in [Hong Kong].As my family could not forward it to me during my absence, it has been, therefore, lying on my desk until the moment when I took it up.Now the first thing I have to hasten to do is to write to you these few lines to express my deep regret.I enjoyed many pleasant sights during my trip.I shall be pleased to give you an account to of them when I see you next.Yours，亲爱的[戴维]：

请原谅我收到您[12月7日]的来信后迟迟未复，现将原因告诉您，相信您一定会谅解的。您的来信到来时，我正巧在[香港]，家人无法及时转递。你的信一直放在我写字台上，直到我回到才看见，拖至今天才回信，深表歉意。

这次出去旅行饱览了许多美丽景色，下次见到您时，将告诉您一切。

祝好！

3.因未能及时还书致歉 Unable to return borrowed book on time

Dear [Kate]:

Excuse me for my long delaying in returning to you your “Robinson Crusoe” which I read through with great interest.I had finished reading the book and was about to return it when [my cousin] came to see me.Never having seen the book, [She] was so interested in it that I had to retain it longer.However, I hope that in view of the additional delight thus afforded by your book, you will overlook my negligence in not returning it sooner.Thanking you again for the loan.Sincerely yours，亲爱的[凯特]：

我迟迟未能归还您的那本《鲁滨逊飘流记》，请原谅。该书我读得津津有味。读完后，正预备归还您时，我的[表妹]来访，见这本书也感兴趣，定要借去一读。为了让别人也能分享您那本书所给予的乐趣，我不能及时归还。我想再延迟些日子奉还，谅您不会介意的。

再次感谢您的慷慨。

祝好！

4.因遗失借书致歉 Because of losing a borrowed book

Dear [Frank]:

I am terribly sorry to tell you that I have lost the valuable book you were so kind to lend me [last week].I read it [everyday] and intended to finish it [next month].[Last night] when I came to my room, it was nowhere to be found.I will try to recover it as soon as possible.If I fail to find it, I will get a new book for you.But I am afraid it can never take the place of the old one.Old books are like old friends.Once lost, they can never be replaced.They are connected with cherished associations which the new ones can never have.And for this irrecoverable loss, I am to blame.I was so careless with my things.This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future.Yours truly，亲爱的[弗兰克]：

很抱歉，[上星期]您借给我的那本书竟遗失了。我[每天]都在看，准备[下个月]看完。[昨晚]我回到我的卧室，到处也找不到那本书。我将尽力找到它。万一找不到，我只好买一本新的还您。

但是，新书恐怕不能代替那本旧书吧！旧书跟旧友一样，一旦失去就不能再得。旧书与往事相连，这种不可弥补的损失，皆由我起。我对待一切太大意了，这次给我一个警告，叫我以后要小心。

三、慰问信

慰问信应写得真切，注意措辞，对轻病或者小损失，慰问信应写得轻松一些。相反，对严重病情或重大损失，信就应该写得深沉一些。慰问信写时应注意：

1.写给受伤人的信要简短，中肯。信中不必问询事故发生的过程、原因、见证人等。

2.慰问信中应写一些被慰问者喜欢或熟悉的事物，如病人的爱好、兴趣等，以使病人得到宽慰。

1.向朋友问候 A letter of inquiring after someone’s health

Dear [John]:

I am extremely sorry to hear that your illness, which we had thought was clearing up, has become more serious, and that your have had to go into hospital.Let us hope that it will be for only a very short time, and that you will soon be out and about again.Everybody here sends his best wishes to you for a quick recovery.With kind regards，Yours sincerely，亲爱的[约翰]：

听说你病了，我深感不安。原来我们还以为您的病情有所好转，事实上却反而加重，而不得不住进了医院。但愿这是短时间的，很快不会恢复健康。这里每个人都祝愿您早日痊愈。

特此问候

2.问候朋友的母亲 Inquiring after the health of a friend’s mother

Dear [Mr.Wang]，I felt very sorry indeed when I heard of [your mother]’s illness, and am anxious to know how [she] is of late.Under a separate cover I am sending [her a box of assorted biscuits] with my best regards.Sincerely yours 亲爱的[王先生]：

听说您的母亲身体欠安，深表忧虑。不知令堂近况如何，实为惦念。随信另寄上[什锦饼干一盒]，并致以最良好的问候。

您忠诚的

[吴洋]

3.祝贺朋友病愈 Congratulations on someone’s recovery

Dear [Jane]:

I learn, with very great pleasure, that the illness which has so cruelly caused great anxiety among your relatives and all those who know you has changed for the better and that you are now recovering, for which I therefore desire to congratulate you warmly.I hope that you will soon be completely restored to health.Yours sincerely

亲爱的[简]：

在您患病的这一期间内，亲戚朋友无不为你挂虑，听到你的病已有好转，并已逐渐痊愈，十分快慰，特地向你祝贺。

望你早日完全痊愈。

4.慰问丧偶的朋友 A letter of inquiring to those who lost their husband or wife

Dear [Mrs.Harper]，I would like to express my sorrow at the recent death of your [husband].In the long time it was my privilege to enjoy [Professor of Harper]’s friendship.I found [him] a sincere and helpful associate, with whom it was a pleasure [to work].The knowledge that my thoughts are with you at his time will, I hope, be of some comfort to you.Truly yours

亲爱的[哈珀女士]：

获悉你的[丈夫]最近逝世的消息，深表遗憾。

长期以来，能与[哈珀教授]保持友谊是我的荣幸。[哈珀教授]是一位我最乐于与其一道[工作]的忠实而有帮助的朋友。

但愿我此时的问候，能给您带来一些安慰。

四、传真

传真是通过传真机传递的信函，大多为业务信函。企事业单位都有专用的传真纸，纸上面印有现成的传真格式，拟发传真时按格式填写即可。下面为一种常见的传真格式：

发传真人单位名称、地址=电话和传真号码、电子邮件网址

TO:(收传真人单位)

DATE(发送传真日期)

ATTN:(Attention, 收传真部门或个人姓名)

FAX NO:(传真号)

FROM：(发传真部门或个人姓名)

PAGE(S):(所发传真页数)

RE:(Regarding, 传真内容标题)

(传真信函)：

称呼语：

信体：

客套结语：

署名：

五、请求信

Example 1.1903 Huashan Road

Shanghai 200030 July 8, 1995

Dear Sirs，I wish to enroll your intensive English program before I attend a university in the fall of 1996.Your sending me application materials at your earliest convenience will be greatly appreciated.Sincerely yours，Wang Xiaoping

Example 2.Wang Xiaoping

1903 Huashan Road

Shanghai 200030

July 6,1998

Dear Sirs，I want to pursue a Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering at your university.My intended date of entrance is Spring, 1999.Would you please send me the application forms for admission?

Sincerely yours

Wang Xiaoping

六、布告(Announcement)：布告的写作和便条一样，也比较简单。只要注意以下几点即可：

1．在正文上方的中间位置应该注明布告的性质。2．

正文中简单明了地说明布告的事宜。3．

正文右下方应该注明发布告的单位。4．

发布告的日期可以省略。Sample:

Lost and Found A lady has picked a wrist watch in the shopping center and turned it over to our office.The owner of the wrist watch may come to claim it with his or her identification card.Lost and Found Office

七、(Notice)：英文通知的写作也可采用不同形式。有的是采用句子的形式予以陈述，而有的则只做以简单的罗列。一般应注意以下几点： 1．必须包括notice字样，而且每个字母都应采用大写。

2．内容必须包括时间、地点、事宜和通知对象等。表达须准确，措词也要较正式。

3．必须包括写通知的个人或者单位的称谓，而且一般都放在通知的右下脚。

4．必须包括写通知的日期。

Sample:

NOTICE

May 4, 2003 Mr.Wang, the general manager of Shanghai Golden Palm Computer System Limited Company, will give a lecture on Modern Information Management Model at 6:30 p.m.on March 12.The one-and-a-half-hour lecture will be held in the Multi-media Lecture Room.Students of Information Management are invited to attend the lecture.Information Management Department

Example 拟一张请计算机系的学生于10月5号星期三下午1：30到系会议室听关于环境保护报告的通知。

NOTICE

Oct.2, 2004 All students of the Computer Department are requested to meet in the department conference room at 1:30 p.m.on Wednesday, October5, to hear a report on environmental protection.The Computer Department Office

八．便条 基本写作格式

便条内容和类型不尽相同，可以灵活变通。但各类便条必须包括以下几个基本要素；1）Date：便条日期2）Salutation：称呼3）Body：正文4）Signature：署名

样例

收条：即收到钱物之后，给交钱或送物人写张字据，说明已经收到某物，可留作证据。条据上需写明钱物名称和数量、立据人及日期。不得涂改。

Jan.23rd,2003Received from Student, Wang Zihao one hundred yuan only for this months tuition fee.Li ManFor the Finance Office ofForeign Language Institute

欠条；留下字据，表示欠某人某物。条据上需写明钱物名称和数量、立据人及日期。不得涂改。

Sept.16th, 2002Borrowed from the Foreign Language Department Reference Library three books as follows:A copy of History and Anthology of English Literature by Wu WeirenA copy of A Survey of American Literature by Chang YaoxinA copy of World Literature by Jiang Chengen

Wu Zhuo

For the Office of

Social Science Department

留言：用书面留下要说的话。留言涉及的方面很多，包括约会，通知，请求等任何可用便条留下的口信。

TuesdayDear Li,As the Spring Festival is drawing near, Im very glad to invite you to come to a dinner party with several other friends of ours.Im sure we will have a very happy time and enjoy ourselves thoroughly.Would you like to come on time at 5:00 p.m.today, to Room 6 of Lijing Hotel?

Yours always, Jiayang

请假条：往往指由于生病或特殊情况不能亲自当面请假，用假条的形式告假。所以，请假条大多是病假条。可以自写，也可请他人代写。写假条最重要的是说明原因和请假的期限。

Jan.10thDear Ms.Jiang,I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this mornings two periods of English Class due to a bad cold and high fever.Enclosed is a certificate from the doctor who said I must stay in bed for a few days.I will go back to school as soon as I recover.Yours respectfully,Tian Ye

常用句子I shall feel obliged if you will favor me with a call at your earliest convenience.如您方便，请早日来电，我将不胜感激。

Delighted!Will call at 2 p.m.tomorrow.来条收悉，定于明天下午两点拜访。

Encl.: Doctors Certificate of Advice.附；医生证明I shall be bery happy to call at your house at 6:30 this everying.Until then,...我定于今晚6：30去你家，望等候。

Upon receiving this note, please come to my office.见条后，请立即来我办公室。

Mr.Li stands in urgent need of your service.李先生急需你的帮助。

I happen to be in urgent need of 200 yuan.我因有急事，需要200元。

Yours note with an admission ticket enclosed is much appreciated.留言和一张入场券均已收到，不胜感激。

Im very grateful to you for your kind invitation, and Im sure to come to see your concert.承蒙邀请观看你们的音乐会，我一定按时到场。

Please accept this little figt as a small token of my esteen for you.奉上这小小的礼物，以表达我对您的崇高敬意。

结束语I trust my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience.望我的缺席不会给你带来太大的不便。

Please favor me with an early reply.敬请早复。

Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.希望能及早处理此事。

Please give an extension of leave for three days.请准予续假三天为盼。

九、简历(resume)简 历 1 结构要点: 简历是个人经历的书面表达形式，应包含个人信息、教育背景和工作经历。有时还可包含事业目标（objective或career objective）、其他经历（activities）、获奖情况（awards）和特长（special skills）等。举例：Suppose you are going to graduate from the university.Write a resume in about 100 words to apply for a job.Do not use your own name, using “Li Mei” instead.Sample:

RESUME Personal Data: Name:Li Mei Sex:Female Address: Room 602, Dormitory Building 12,Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, 430021 Date of Birth:June 16, 1983 Place of Birth:Zunyi, Guizhou Telephone:(027)87273548, *** Email:angellimei@gmail.com Hobbies:painting, reading, Internet surfing, dancing Foreign Languages:English Objective: To work as a regional sales representative who is responsible for sales activity and coordination Education:

2002 ~ Present Studying at Wuhan University Bachelor of Arts in finance 1999 ~ 2002 Studying at Zunyi No.1 High School 1996 ~ 1999 Studying at Zunyi No.7 Junior High School Work Experience: None Special Skills and Technical Qualifications:

I am professionally trained in finance and economics.In addition to Mandarin, I can speak, write and read English fluently.I had two parttime jobs in Taiping Company and Zhida company, which helped me gain some sales operation knowledge and sales plan-ning experience

简 历

语言注意点: 简历忌过长或用词空泛，提供的信息应有用、如实，编排须整齐有系统。

举例：Suppose you are Tan Wen, English teacher at Taiyuan Institute of Technology.Write a resume in about 100 words to apply for a new job in another city.Sample: Tan Wen Taiyuan Institute of Technology Taiyuan, Shanxi Province telephone:(0351)6523787 Experience 2000 ~ Present Working as a lecturer of English at Taiyuan Institute of Technology Teaching undergraduate(nonEnglish majors)intensive reading, extensive reading, listening, writing Teaching graduate(nonEnglish majors)writing Education 1997 ~ 2000 Studying at Shanghai Teacher's University Master of Arts in American Studies 1993 ~ 1997 Studying at Shanxi University Bachelor of Arts in English Language and Literature 1990 ~ 1993 Studying at Mianyang Senior High School 1987 ~ 1990 Studying at Mianyang No.5 Junior High School Personal Data Sex: Female Date of Birth: June 27, 1976 place of Birth: Mianyang, Sichuan, China Marital Status: Married, without Child Health: Excellent

十、申请信

结构要点申请信是向收信人提出某个请求的信件，包含三个部分： 1． 提出请求； 2． 说明原因； 3． 请求回复并表示感谢。

举例：Write a letter in about 100 words to apply for a scholarship from a foreign university.Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.Dear Sir, I wish to apply for admission to your department as a graduate student.I am writing to ask whether it will be possible for you to grant me a full scholarship.I have just graduated from Shanghai University of Finance and Economics and got my bachelors degree last month.During my four years in the university, I have passed all the compulsory courses of study with high marks.Furthermore, I have chosen a wide range of optional courses such as literary, history and public speaking to widen my horizon and sharpen my mind.My father, a professor of English in Nanjing University, has been teaching me English since I was a child.So I believe I will not have any language difficulties while learning in your country.I would be most grateful if my request receives your favorable consideration.Thank you in advance and look forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 语言注意点申请信开篇应点明主题，语言简练。接着说明做此申请的原因，即自己所具备的申请条件，这一部分需重点明确，论述充分。最后请求回复并表示感谢时，应采用礼貌、诚恳的措辞。

举例：Write a letter in about 100 words to apply for a membership in a community service team.Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.Dear Sir, I have heard that a service team which aims to help the old and the handicapped will be organized in our community.I am very interested in it and want to join the team.I now study in Tongji University and my parents live here.It is known to all that it is a virtue to help others in need.As a college student, I am eager to do something for the society.Helping others is meaningful in that we not only bring others convenience and strength but also gain pleasure and satisfaction ourselves.Therefore, please allow me to join the team.I will certainly try my best.Yours sincerely, Li Ming